Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

U.S. Legislation

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was signed into law in March 2020. The CARES Act lifts certain deduction limitations originally imposed by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“2017 Tax Act”). Taxpayers may generally deduct interest up to 50% (30% under the 2017 Tax Act) of their adjusted taxable income plus business interest income for 2019 and 2020.

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (“Rescue Act”) was signed into law on March 11, 2021 and includes additional COVID-19 related tax relief for some individuals and businesses.

The enactment of the Rescue Act and the CARES Act did not result in any material adjustments to our income tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 or September 30, 2020.

In July 2020, the U.S. Department of Treasury issued final tax regulations with respect to the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) proposed tax regulations originally published in 2019. Among other changes, these regulations now permit an election to exclude from the GILTI calculation items of income which are subject to a high effective rate of foreign tax. We have adopted these final regulations and have reflected the 2021 benefit in the annual effective tax rate.

Effective Income Tax Rate and Income Tax Provision

For interim tax reporting, we estimate one annual effective tax rate for tax jurisdictions not subject to a valuation allowance and apply that rate to the year-to-date ordinary income/(loss). Tax effects of significant unusual or infrequently occurring items are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate calculation and recognized in the interim period in which they occur.

State income taxes, foreign earnings subject to higher tax rates and non-deductible expenses increase the Company's effective income tax rate compared to the U.S. statutory rate of 21.0%. Research and development credits decrease the Company's effective tax rate compared to the U.S. statutory rate of 21.0%.

Our effective income tax rate was 30.2% and 31.3%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. In addition to the above referenced items, the Company's effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was unfavorably impacted by adjustments to specific U.S. uncertain tax positions. The Company's effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was also unfavorably impacted by legislative and administrative changes to enacted foreign statutes.

Our effective income tax rate was 11.7% and 21.5%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. In addition to the above referenced items, the Company's effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was positively impacted by GILTI regulations issued in the third quarter and the effective settlement of specific uncertain tax positions associated with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) audit for the 2011 - 2014 tax years.

There was no significant change in our valuation allowances for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

We reported a net increase in unrecognized tax positions of $6.5 million and $14.4 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, including adjustments to specific uncertain tax positions and interest accruals on existing uncertain tax positions. We are not currently able to reasonably estimate the amount by which the liability for unrecognized tax positions may increase or decrease as a result of the remaining items under IRS audit for the 2011 - 2014 tax years. We reported a net decrease in unrecognized tax positions in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 of $2.4 million and $8.1 million, respectively, primarily related to certain settlements with respect to the IRS audit for the 2011- 2014 tax years. Interest and penalties on tax assessments are included in income tax expense.

The IRS completed its field examination of the U.S. federal income tax returns for the 2011-2014 tax years in the third quarter of 2020. As previously disclosed, the IRS has proposed to disallow, for the 2014 taxable year, the entirety of the deduction of the approximately $1.49 billion settlement payment made pursuant to the Settlement agreement (as defined in Note 17, “Commitments and Contingencies”) and the resulting reduction of our U.S. federal tax liability by approximately $525 million. We continue to believe that we have meritorious defenses to the proposed disallowance and have filed a protest with the IRS. The matter has been submitted to the IRS Independent Office of Appeals for review of the proposed disallowance, and

we cannot predict when the Appeals process will conclude, or the outcome of such process. It is possible that future developments in this matter could have a material impact to the Company's uncertain tax position balances and results of operations, including cash flow, within the next twelve months.

We have no outstanding liability with respect to the one-time mandatory tax on previously deferred foreign earnings of foreign subsidiaries provision (“Transition Tax”) associated with the 2017 Tax Act.