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INCOME TAXES
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES
NOTE 15. INCOME TAXES
The Company develops interim income tax provisions based on estimates of the effective tax rates expected to apply per tax domicile for the current annual reporting period. These estimates are reevaluated each quarter and updated as necessary. The tax effects of any discrete items are recorded in the period in which they occur and are excluded from the interim estimates of the effective annual rates.
On March 27, 2020, the U.S. federal government enacted tax legislation under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) in response to the economic impacts of the spread of COVID-19. The CARES Act provides, among other things, relief to corporate taxpayers by permitting additional carryback allowances for net operating losses (“NOLs”) incurred for periods beginning after January 1, 2017 and before January 1, 2021. The CARES Act also provides changes to the limitations on interest expense deductibility for tax years beginning in 2019 and 2020.
For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized income tax expense at an effective rate of negative 8.8% and an income tax benefit at an effective rate of negative 54.6%, respectively. The negative effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021, was primarily resultant from discrete items recorded in the period related to share-based payment arrangements, while the negative effective benefit rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020, was primarily resultant from the rate differential applied to the carryback of NOLs to tax years when the U.S. federal income tax rate was 35.0%, compared to the 21.0% rate applicable to all periods included in these condensed consolidated financial statements.
Period over period changes in the effective rates at which a tax expense or benefit was recognized were primarily driven by the impact of the CARES Act and the significant restructuring costs incurred during the first quarter of 2020, neither of which applied to the same degree during the first quarter of 2021. Additional factors impacting the change in rates include timing and quantity of equity award vesting transactions and changes in the relative taxable income in the countries and states in which the Company operates.