10-K 1 kvhi1231201310-k.htm 10-K KVHI 12.31.2013 10-K
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
x
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission File Number 0-28082
KVH Industries, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Delaware
 
05-0420589
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
50 Enterprise Center, Middletown, RI 02842
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(401) 847-3327
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
 
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share
 
The NASDAQ Global Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o
 
Accelerated filer x
Non-accelerated filer o
 
Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
As of June 28, 2013, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $187,494,000 based on the closing sale price of $13.31 per share as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market. Shares of common stock held by executive


officers and directors of the registrant and their affiliates have been excluded from this calculation because such persons may be deemed affiliates.
As of March 13, 2014, the registrant had 15,927,239 shares of common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement relating to its 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated herein by reference in Part III.
 


INDEX TO FORM 10-K
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
 
 
 
 
 
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 15.

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PART I
ITEM 1.
Business
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information
In addition to historical facts, this annual report contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are merely our current predictions of future events. These statements are inherently uncertain, and actual events could differ materially from our predictions. Important factors that could cause actual events to vary from our predictions include those discussed in this annual report under the headings “Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, and “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” We assume no obligation to update our forward-looking statements to reflect new information or developments. We urge readers to review carefully the risk factors described in this annual report and in the other documents that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You can read these documents at www.sec.gov.
Additional Information Available
Our principal Internet address is www.kvh.com. Our website provides a hyperlink to a third-party website through which our annual, quarterly, and current reports, as well as amendments to those reports, are available free of charge. We believe these reports are made available as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with, or furnish them to, the SEC. We do not provide any information regarding our SEC filings directly to the third-party website, and we do not check its accuracy or completeness.
Introduction
We are a leading manufacturer of solutions that provide global high-speed Internet, television, and voice services via satellite to mobile users at sea, on land, and in the air as well as a leading provider of commercially-licensed news, sports, music, movies and training video content to commercial and leisure customers in the maritime, hotel, and/or retail markets. We are also a premier manufacturer of high-performance navigational sensors and integrated inertial systems for defense and commercial guidance and stabilization applications. Our research and development, manufacturing and quality control capabilities have enabled us to meet the demanding standards of our military, consumer and commercial customers for performance and reliability. This combination of factors has allowed us to create products offering important differentiating advantages to our customers. We are based in Middletown, Rhode Island, with subsidiaries in Belgium, Bermuda, Brazil, Cyprus, Denmark, Illinois, Japan, The Netherlands, Norway, Singapore, and the United Kingdom.
Our Products and Services
Mobile Satellite Communications
We believe that there is an increasing demand for mobile access to television, voice services and the Internet on the move. Our objective is to connect mobile users on sea, land, and air to the satellite TV, communications, and Internet services they wish to use. We have developed a comprehensive family of products and services marketed under the TracVision, TracPhone, and CommBox brand names as well as the mini-VSAT Broadband airtime network to address the unique needs of our communications markets.
Our mobile satellite antenna products are typically installed on mobile platforms and use sophisticated robotics, stabilization and control software, sensing technologies, transceiver integration, and advanced antenna designs to automatically search for, identify and point directly at the selected television and communications satellite while the vehicle, vessel, or plane is in motion. Our antennas use gyros and inclinometers to measure the pitch, roll and yaw of an antenna platform in relation to the earth. Microprocessors and our proprietary stabilization and control software use that data to compute the antenna movement necessary for the antenna's motors to point the antenna properly and maintain contact with the satellite. If an obstruction temporarily blocks the satellite signal, our products continue to track the satellite's location according to the movement of the antenna platform in order to carry out automatic, rapid reacquisition of the signal when a direct line of sight to the satellite is restored.
Our Certified Support Network offers our TracVision and TracPhone customers an international network of skilled technical dealers and support centers in many locations where our customers are likely to travel. We have selected distributors based on their technical expertise, professionalism and commitment to quality and regularly provide them with extensive training in the sale, installation and support of our products.

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We offer a broad array of products to address the needs of a variety of customers seeking mobile communications in maritime, land mobile and aeronautical applications.
Maritime. In the marine market, we offer a range of mobile satellite TV and communications products.
Satellite TV. Our TracVision HD-series satellite TV antennas are designed to offer a high definition TV experience comparable to what a home DIRECTV HDTV subscriber would enjoy. Our TracVision HD7 uses a 61-cm diameter satellite TV antenna to receive signals from two DIRECTV Ka-band satellites and one DIRECTV Ku-band satellite simultaneously. It includes an Internet Protocol enabled antenna control unit as well as optional antenna control via a free TracVision application for use on an Apple iPhone. We believe the TracVision HD7 was the first marine antenna to offer this combination of capabilities. Our TracVision HD11 uses a 1-meter diameter antenna to receive all Ku-band and DIRECTV Ka-band satellite television signals without changing out hardware elements. The Ku-band will work with any modern satellite television service in the world. The Ka-band will receive DIRECTV HDTV. Like the TracVision HD7, it features a customer application for the Apple iPhone or iPad to enable easy control of the system.
Our TracVision M-series satellite TV antennas are designed with the full spectrum of vessel sizes in mind, ranging from recreational vessels as small as 20 to 25 feet to large commercial vessels. The award-winning family of marine TracVision products include the 32-cm diameter TracVision M1, 37-cm diameter TracVision M3, 45-cm diameter TracVision M5, 60-cm diameter TracVision M7, and 81.3-cm in diameter TracVision M9, each of which employs a high-efficiency circular antenna. These products are compatible with Ku-band HDTV programming as well as high-powered regional satellite TV services around the globe, based on available signal strength and antenna size requirements.
Satellite Phone & Internet. Our mini-VSAT Broadband network offers an end-to-end solution for offshore connectivity. This unified C/Ku-band Broadband service enables us to offer commercial, leisure and government customers an integrated hardware and service solution for mobile communications and seamless region-to-region roaming. We design and manufacture the onboard TracPhone terminals, own the hub equipment installed in leased earth stations, lease the satellite capacity, manage the network, and provide 24/7/365 after-sale support. Because we manufacture the onboard hardware, we can integrate the full rack of discrete below decks equipment typically used on traditional VSAT systems into a single, streamlined unit that is significantly easier to deploy than competing VSAT solutions. Our mini-VSAT Broadband network utilizes ArcLight spread spectrum modem technology, developed by ViaSat. This spread spectrum approach reduces the broadcast power requirements and the pointing accuracy necessary to track the high-bandwidth C and Ku-band satellites that carry the service. The resulting efficiencies allowed us to develop and bring to market our TracPhone terminals. Our 60-cm diameter TracPhone V7 Ku-band antenna is 85% smaller by volume and 75% lighter than alternative 1-meter VSAT antennas. Our 37-cm diameter TracPhone V3 Ku-band antenna is practical for use on smaller vessels as well as land vehicles. We believe that the TracPhone V3 is the smallest maritime VSAT system currently available. Our dual-mode TracPhone V11 antenna seamlessly tracks both C- and Ku-band satellites, making it the only 1-meter maritime VSAT antenna to deliver seamless, fully global coverage outside of the far polar regions. In June 2013, we introduced our new TracPhone V-IP Series product line for the mini-VSAT Broadband network, which is an upgrade to the existing TracPhone V-Series, enabling easier installation along with network management tools and multicast reception.
We offer a variety of rate plans that typically require an initial commitment of one or more years with a one year auto renewal feature. Fixed rate plan prices vary depending on the data rate, and while customers can consume unlimited data, there are restrictions over the use of certain protocols such as those that stream video content. Metered plans are billed monthly based on the amount of data consumed. Introduced in 2013, unrestricted plan prices vary depending on a minimum monthly data quota with the ability to add more data for an incremental charge. Unrestricted plans allow users to consume unlimited data with no protocol restrictions, meaning customers can stream video content to their vessels or use popular voice services like Skype™.
The high bandwidth offered by the Ku-band satellites also permits faster data rates than those supported by Inmarsat's L-band satellites. TracPhone V7-IP and V11-IP customers may select service packages with Internet data connections offering ship-to-shore satellite data rates as fast as 1 megabits per second or Mbps, and shore-to-ship satellite data rates as fast as 4 Mbps. The TracPhone V3-IP, due to its smaller dish diameter, offers ship-to-shore data rates as fast as 128 kilobits per second, or Kbps, and shore-to-ship satellite data rates as fast as 2 Mbps. In addition, subscriptions include Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephone services optimized for use over satellite connections. The TracPhone V7-IP and V11-IP can support two or more simultaneous calls while the TracPhone V3-IP can support one call at a time.
Our mini-VSAT Broadband network currently uses a combination of 19 Ku-band and three global C-band transponders to provide coverage throughout the northern hemisphere and all of the major continents in the southern hemisphere. We currently offer our Ku-band mini-VSAT Broadband service in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia-Pacific, and Australian and New Zealand waters. It is our long-term plan to continue to invest in and enhance the mini-VSAT Broadband

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network in cooperation with ViaSat under the terms of a 10-year agreement announced in July 2008. In April and July 2013, we more than doubled our mini-VSAT Broadband network capacity in Brazil, Africa and the Asia-Pacific region, following the upgrades in the Caribbean and the European and Middle Eastern regions in late 2012. Under the terms of our revenue sharing arrangement with ViaSat, these types of expansions position us to earn revenue not only from the maritime and land-based use of the mini-VSAT Broadband service but also from aeronautical applications that roam throughout our network.
We are actively engaged in sales efforts for the TracPhone V- IP Series and mini-VSAT Broadband service to government agencies for maritime, military, and emergency responder use. In September 2010, the U.S. Coast Guard awarded us a 10-year, up to $42 million contract to supply TracPhone V7 systems and mini-VSAT Broadband airtime to as many as 216 U.S. Coast Guard cutters. As of December 31, 2013, we have supplied TracPhone V7 systems for approximately 125 U.S. Coast Guard vessels. We are also taking steps to expand our ability to support the commercial maritime market. In March 2011, we signed a contract to provide TracPhone V7 and mini-VSAT Broadband service to Vroon B.V. and its fleet of more than 125 commercial vessels, as of December 31, 2013, approximately 100 systems have shipped. In March 2012, V.Ships, the world's largest independent ship manager serving a fleet of over 1,000 vessels, selected our mini-VSAT Broadband service as its preferred satellite communications solution. In June 2012, Tokyo-based shipping and logistics company, Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYK Line), selected our TracPhone V7 and mini-VSAT Broadband service, as of December 31, 2013, approximately 120 systems have shipped.
In September 2010, we acquired Virtek Communication, a Norwegian firm that developed CommBox, a ship-to-shore network management product. CommBox, which comprises shipboard hardware, a KVH-hosted or privately owned shore-based hub, and a suite of software applications, offers a range of tools designed to increase communication efficiency, reduce costs, and manage network operations. Key functions include web and data compression and optimization to increase network capacity; remote PC management for customer IT departments; integrated e-mail, web compression, firewalls, and security; least-cost routing; and bandwidth management on multiple communication carriers. CommBox is offered as an option for all TracPhone V Series and TracPhone V-IP Series products (TracPhone VSAT products) and for our Inmarsat-compatible TracPhone and Iridium OpenPort systems. CommBox sales include both the shipboard hardware and optional private shore-based hub, subscriptions to the selected software applications, and monthly system maintenance fees.
We offer Iridium OpenPort hardware and service to be used in conjunction with our mini-VSAT service. Iridium OpenPort service provides data rates up to 128Kpbs and covers the entire world, including the polar regions. We offer the Iridium hardware and service along with our own mini-VSAT solution and our CommBox, which will switch over to the Iridium service if the mini-VSAT service is not available. Our customers might choose to add the Iridium service to expand the geographic coverage of the system, or as a backup service.
In addition to our TracPhone VSAT products and mini-VSAT Broadband service, we also offer a family of Inmarsat-compatible TracPhone products that provide in-motion access to global satellite communications. These products rely on services offered by Inmarsat, a satellite service provider that supports links for phone, fax and data communications as fast as 432 Kbps. The TracPhone FB150, FB250, and FB500 antennas use the Inmarsat FleetBroadband service to offer voice as well as high-speed Internet service. The TracPhone FB150, FB250, and FB500 are manufactured by Thrane & Thrane A/S of Denmark and distributed on an OEM basis by us in North America under the KVH TracPhone brand and distributed in other markets on a non-exclusive basis.
Unlike mini-VSAT Broadband, where we control and sell the airtime, we purchase Inmarsat and Iridium airtime from a distributor and resell it to our customers.
In May 2013, we acquired acquired Headland Media Limited (now known as KVH Media Group), a media and entertainment service company based in the United Kingdom that distributes commercially-licensed news, sports, music, movies and training video content to commercial and leisure customers in the maritime, hotel, and/or retail markets. Sales from KVH Media Group are included in our mobile communications services sales.
Land Mobile. We design, manufacture, and sell a range of TracVision satellite TV antenna systems for use on a broad array of vehicles, including recreational vehicles, buses, conversion vans, and automobiles.
In the RV/bus market, we offer TracVision satellite TV products, intended for both stationary and in-motion use. Our TracVision R1 delivers DIRECTV or DISH network service through a small 31.75cm” diameter dome. Our TracVision A7 uses hybrid phased-array antenna technology to provide in-motion reception of satellite TV programming in the continental United States using the DIRECTV service. The TracVision A7 product includes a mobile satellite television antenna and an integrated 12V mobile DIRECTV receiver/controller designed specifically for the mobile environment by KVH and DIRECTV. The TracVision A7 stands approximately five inches high and mounts either to a vehicle's roof rack or directly to the vehicle's roof, making it practical for use aboard minivans, SUVs and other passenger vehicles. The TracVision A7 is also popular for tall motor coaches and buses. Automotive customers subscribe to DIRECTV's TOTAL CHOICE MOBILE satellite TV

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programming package, which is specifically promoted for automotive applications. Local channels and network programming are also available as an option for TracVision A7 users as a result of the system's integrated GPS and mobile receiver. At this time, we are the only company authorized by DIRECTV to sell, promote, and activate mobile users for the TOTAL CHOICE MOBILE programming package.
Aeronautical Applications. We designed, developed, and manufactured DIRECTV-compatible satellite TV antennas for use on narrowbody commercial aircraft, such as Boeing's 737 and the Airbus A320, operating in the United States.
Guidance and Stabilization Products
We offer a portfolio of digital compass and fiber optic gyro (FOG)-based systems that address the rigorous requirements of military and commercial customers. Our systems provide reliable, easy-to-use and continuously available navigation and pointing data. Our guidance and stabilization products include our inertial measurement unit for precision guidance, FOGs for tactical navigation as well as pointing and stabilization systems, and digital compasses that provide accurate heading information for demanding applications.
Guidance and Stabilization. Our FOG products use an all-fiber design that has no moving parts, resulting in an affordable combination of precision, accuracy and durability. Our FOG products support a broad range of military applications, including stabilization of remote weapons stations, antennas, radar, optical devices or turrets; image stabilization and synchronization for shoulder-or tripod-mounted weapon simulators; precision tactical navigation systems for military vehicles, and guidance for weapons and unmanned autonomous vehicles. Our FOG products are also used in numerous commercial products, such as navigation and positioning systems for various applications including precision mapping, dynamic surveying, autonomous vehicles, train location control and track geometry measurement systems, industrial robotics and optical stabilization.
Our TG-6000 IMU is a guidance system that provides precise measurement of motion and acceleration in three dimensions. It uses a three-axis configuration of our high-performance DSP-based (digital signal processing) FOGs integrated with three accelerometers. We believe that this configuration provides outstanding performance, high reliability, low maintenance and easy system integration. The TG-6000 IMU is a component in the U.S. Navy's MK54 lightweight torpedo and is suitable for use in other applications that involve flight control, orientation, instrumentation and navigation, such as unmanned aerial vehicles. The CG-5100, our first commercial-grade IMU, is focused on a wide range of applications such as 3D augmented reality, mobile mapping, platform navigation and GPS augmentation for unmanned vehicle programs, precise mapping and imagery.
Our CNS-5000 continuous navigation system is a self-contained navigation system that combines our FOG-based inertial measurement technology with GPS technology from NovAtel. This navigation solution provides precise position and orientation of a host platform on a continuous basis, even during periods where GPS signals are blocked by natural or man-made obstructions or conditions. The CNS-5000 is designed for demanding commercial applications, such as dynamic surveying, mobile mapping, precision agriculture, container terminal management, and autonomous vehicle navigation, where the ability to determine the precise position and orientation of a piece of equipment or a mobile platform is critical. The CNS-5000 is a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) product consisting of a FOG-based inertial measurement unit tightly integrated with GPS within a single enclosure. This design reduces the operational complexities for customers whose products cross international boundaries.
Our open-loop DSP-1750, DSP-3000, and DSP-4000 FOGs provide precision measurement of the rate and angle of a platform's turning motion for significantly less cost than competing closed-loop gyros. These DSP-based products deliver performance superior to analog signal processing devices, which experience greater temperature-sensitive drift and rotation errors. Applications for these products include inertial measurement units, integrated navigation systems, attitude/heading/reference systems, and stabilization of antenna, radar and optical equipment.
The DSP-1750, which we believe to be the world's smallest high performance FOG, is the first to use our E•Core ThinFiber® technology. This thin fiber, which is created at our Tinley Park, Illinois manufacturing facility, is only 170 microns in diameter, enabling longer lengths of fiber to be wound into smaller housings. Since the length of the fiber used in a FOG directly relates to gyro accuracy and performance, this technology enables us to produce smaller and more accurate gyros. The small size and weight of the DSP-1750 make it well suited for applications with size and weight restrictions, such as night vision and thermal imaging systems, aircraft-mounted gimbaled cameras for law enforcement and homeland security, and shipboard optical systems.
The DSP-3000 and DSP-3100 are each slightly larger than a deck of playing cards and offers a variety of interface options to support a range of applications. High-performance 2-axis and 3-axis configurations can be realized by integrating multiple DSP-3000 and DSP-3100 units. Currently, the DSP-3000 and DSP-3100 are used in an array of pointing and

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stabilization applications, including the U.S. Army's Common Remotely Operated Weapon Station (CROWS) to provide the image and gun stabilization necessary to ensure that the weapon remains aimed at its target. We estimate that more than 20 companies have developed or are developing stabilized remote weapons stations that we believe will require similar FOG stabilization capabilities. The larger, militarized dual axis DSP-4000 is designed for use in high-shock and highly dynamic environments, such as gun turret stabilization.
Our 1750 IMU is an advanced 6-degrees-of-freedom sensor designed to integrate easily into the most demanding stabilization, pointing, and navigation applications. It offers enhanced performance at a lower cost than competing systems. The 1750 IMU marries the groundbreaking E•Core ThinFiber® technology of our DSP-1750 FOGs with very low noise, solid state MEMS accelerometers to create a commercial-off-the-shelf IMU. The 1750 IMU offers exceptional precision in a very small form factor, making it suitable for applications where space is limited, such as unmanned and autonomous systems.
In October 2013, we introduced the new DSP-1760 single-axis and multi-axis FOGs offerings with improved performance and ease of integration relative to the DSP-1750. Many customers using our DSP-1750 single-axis and dual-axis FOGs also had requirements for packaged DSP-1750s. Rather than simply designing a housing for the DSP-1750s sensors, we used the 1750 IMU housing and combined it with an improved DSP-1750 design. The result is the DSP-1760 product line, consisting of packaged one, two, or three axes of FOGs, each with two different interface connector options.
Tactical Navigation. Our TACNAV tactical navigation product line employs digital compass sensors and KVH FOGs to offer vehicle-based navigation and pointing systems with a range of capabilities, including GPS backup and enhancement, vehicle position, hull azimuth and navigation displays. Because our digital compass products measure the earth's magnetic field rather than detect satellite signals from the GPS, they are not susceptible to GPS jamming devices.
TACNAV systems vary in size and complexity to suit a wide range of vehicles. Our TACNAV Light is a low-cost, digital compass-based battlefield navigation system specifically designed for non-turreted vehicles, such as high mobility multi-wheeled vehicles (HMMWVs) and trucks. Our TACNAV TLS, a digital compass-based tactical navigation and targeting system, offers a FOG upgrade for enhanced accuracy designed for turreted vehicles, including reconnaissance vehicles, armored personnel carriers and light armored vehicles. Our TACNAV II Fiber Gyro Navigation system offers a compact design, continuous output of heading and pointing data, and a flexible architecture that allows it to function as either a stand-alone navigation module or as the central component of an expanded, multifunctional navigation system.
Our navigation systems function as standalone tools and also aggregate, integrate and communicate critical information from a variety of on-board systems. TACNAV can receive data from systems such as the vehicle's odometer, military and commercial GPS devices, laser rangefinders, turret angle indicators and laser warning systems. TACNAV can also output this data to an on-board computer for retransmission through the vehicle's communications systems to a digital battlefield management application.
Our TACNAV digital compass products have been sold for use aboard U.S. Army, Marine Corps, and Navy vehicles as well as to many foreign countries, including Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Malaysia and Switzerland. We believe that we are among the leading manufacturers of such systems. Our standard TACNAV products can be customized to our customers’ specifications. At customer request, we offer training and other services on a time-and-materials basis.
Sales, Marketing and Support
Our sales, marketing and support efforts target markets that are substantial and require dedicated dealers and distributors to reach end customers. These channels vary from time to time, but currently include targeted efforts to reach the commercial and leisure maritime markets, the RV, high-end automotive and bus markets, and the commercial, industrial and government markets. We believe our brands are well known and well respected by customers within their respective niches. These brands include:
•TracVision-satellite television systems for vessels and vehicles
•TracPhone-two-way satellite communications systems
•mini-VSAT Broadband-broadband mobile satellite communications network
•CommBox-network management hardware and software for maritime communications
•TACNAV-tactical navigation systems for military vehicles
•
Our FOGs and digital compass sensors use an alphanumeric model numbering sequence such as C-100, DSP-1750 IMU, DSP-3000, DSP-4000, CNS-5000, CG-5100, and TG-6000 IMU.

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We sell our mobile satellite communications products directly and through an international network of independent retailers, chain stores and distributors, as well as to manufacturers of vessels and vehicles.
We sell media content directly through our KVH Media Group, headquartered in Leeds.
Our European headquarters, which is located in Denmark, coordinates our sales, marketing and support efforts for our mobile satellite communications products in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Asian (excluding Japanese) and Australia/New Zealand sales are managed through our office located in Singapore. Japanese sales are managed through our office in Japan. All international offices are managed under the oversight of our North American sales and marketing office. Standalone CommBox sales are managed by our Norwegian subsidiary in cooperation with members of our satellite sales teams in all offices worldwide. See note 13 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for information regarding our geographic segments.
We sell our guidance and stabilization products directly to U.S. and foreign governments and government contractors, as well as through an international network of authorized independent sales representatives. This same network also sells our FOG products to commercial/industrial entities.
In 2013, purchases of TACNAV products and services by the U.S. Army Program Office - Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG) represented 12% of our total sales.
Backlog
Backlog is not a meaningful indicator for predicting revenue in future periods. Commercial resellers for our mobile satellite communications products and legacy products do not carry extensive inventories and rely on us to ship products quickly. Generally due to the rapid delivery of our commercial products, our backlog for those products is not significant.
Our backlog for all products and services was approximately $20.5 million, $35.0 million, and $22.1 million on December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. As of December 31, 2013, our backlog was scheduled for fulfillment in 2014 except for $5.0 million scheduled for fulfillment in 2015. The decrease in backlog of $14.5 million from December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2013 was primarily a result of the fulfillment of the order for TACNAV products and services received in June 2012 from SANG and decreased orders for FOGs, partially offset by additional TACNAV orders. The increase in backlog of $12.9 million from December 31, 2011 to December 31, 2012 was primarily a result of the order for TACNAV products and services received in June 2012 from SANG. This increase was partially offset by decreased orders for FOGs.
Backlog consists of orders evidenced by written agreements and specified delivery dates for customers who are acceptable credit risks. We do not include satellite connectivity or media content service sales in our backlog even though many of our satellite connectivity and media content customers have signed annual or multi-year service contracts providing for a fixed monthly fee. Military orders included in backlog are generally subject to cancellation for the convenience of the customer. When orders are canceled, we generally recover actual costs incurred through the date of cancellation and the costs resulting from termination. As of December 31, 2013, our backlog included approximately $12.2 million in orders that are subject to cancellation for convenience by the customer. Individual orders for guidance and stabilization products are often large and may require procurement of specialized long-lead components and allocation of manufacturing resources. The complexity of planning and executing larger orders generally requires customers to order well in advance of the required delivery date, resulting in backlog.
Intellectual Property
Our ability to compete effectively depends to a significant extent on our ability to protect our proprietary information. We rely primarily on patents and trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures and licensing arrangements to protect our intellectual property rights. We own approximately 28 U.S. and foreign patents and have additional patent applications that are currently pending. We also register our trademarks in the United States and other key markets where we do business. Our patents will expire at various dates between June 2014 and July 2028. We enter into confidentiality agreements with our consultants, key employees and sales representatives, and maintain controls over access to and distribution of our technology, software and other proprietary information. The steps we have taken to protect our technology may be inadequate to prevent others from using what we regard as our technology to compete with us.
We do not generally conduct exhaustive patent searches to determine whether the technology used in our products infringes patents held by third parties. In addition, product development is inherently uncertain in a rapidly evolving technological environment in which there may be numerous patent applications pending, many of which are confidential when filed, with regard to similar technologies.

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From time to time, we have faced claims by third parties that our products or technologies infringe their patents or other intellectual property rights, and we may face similar claims in the future. Any claim of infringement could cause us to incur substantial costs defending against the claim, even if the claim is invalid, and could distract the attention of our management. If any of our products is found to violate third-party proprietary rights, we may be required to pay substantial damages. In addition, we may be required to re-engineer our products or seek to obtain licenses from third parties to continue to offer our products. Any efforts to re-engineer our products or obtain licenses on commercially reasonable terms may not be successful, which would prevent us from selling our products, and, in any case, could substantially increase our costs and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Manufacturing
Manufacturing operations for our mobile satellite communications and navigation products consist of light manufacture, final assembly and testing. Manufacturing operations for our FOG products are more complex. We produce specialized optical fiber, FOG components and sensing coils and combine them with components purchased from outside vendors for assembly into finished goods. We own optical fiber drawing towers with which we produce the specialized optical fiber that we use in all of our FOG products. Excluding the CommBox product, which we manufacture in Norway, we manufacture, warehouse and distribute our mobile satellite communications products at our headquarters in Middletown, Rhode Island. We manufacture our navigation and FOG products in our facility located in Tinley Park, Illinois.
We contract with third parties for fabrication and assembly of printed circuit boards, injection-molded plastic parts, machined metal components, connectors and housings. We believe there are a number of acceptable vendors for the components we purchase. We regularly evaluate both domestic and foreign suppliers for quality, dependability and cost effectiveness. In some instances we utilize sole-source suppliers to develop strategic relationships to enhance the quality of materials and save costs. Our manufacturing processes are controlled by an ISO 9001:2008-certified quality standards program.
Competition
We encounter significant competition in all of our markets, and we expect this competition to intensify in the future. Many of our primary competitors are well-established companies and some have substantially greater financial, managerial, technical, marketing, operational and other resources than we do.
In the marine market for satellite TV equipment, we compete with Intellian, Cobham SATCOM, Orbit Communication Systems, RayMarine (Intellian made), KNS, and Sea King (King Controls).
In the marine market for voice, fax, data and Internet communications equipment, we compete with Intellian, Cobham SATCOM, Orbit Communication Systems, Jotron AS, KNS Inc., Inmarsat, AddValue, and Iridium Satellite LLC.
In the marine market for voice, fax, data and Internet services, we compete with Inmarsat, Globalstar LP, and Iridium Satellite LLC. We also face competition from providers of marine satellite data services and maritime VSAT solutions, including Inmarsat (and its new announced Global Xpress service), MTN/SeaMobile, Speedcast, CapRock, and Airbus Defense & Space.
In the market for land mobile satellite TV equipment, we compete with King Controls and Winegard Company.
In the markets for media content, we compete with Swank Motion Pictures and NewspaperDirect.
In the markets for mobile satellite communications technology, the principal competitive factors are product size, features, design, performance, reliability and price. In the markets for media content, the principal competitive factors are license rights, distribution and price.
In the guidance and stabilization markets, we compete primarily with Honeywell International Inc., Northrop Grumman Corporation, Goodrich Aerospace, IAI, Fizoptica, SAGEM and Systron Donner Inertial. We believe the principal competitive factors in these markets are performance, size, reliability, durability and price.
Research and Development
Focused investments in research and development are critical to our future growth and competitive position in the marketplace. Our research and development efforts are directly related to timely development of new and enhanced products and services that are central to our core business strategy. The industries in which we compete are subject to rapid technological developments, evolving industry standards, changes in customer requirements, and new product and service introductions and enhancements. As a result, our success depends in part upon our ability, on a cost-effective and timely basis, to continue to enhance our existing products and to develop and introduce new products and services that improve performance and meet customers' operational and cost requirements. Our current research and development efforts include projects to achieve

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additional cost reductions in our products and the development of new products and services for our existing marine and land mobile communications markets, and navigation, guidance and stabilization application markets. For example:
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In June 2013, we introduced our new TracPhone V-IP Series Product line for the mini-VSAT Broadband network enabling easier integration along with network management tools and multicast reception;
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In October 2013, we introduced the new DSP-1760 single-axis and multi-axis FOG offerings with improved performance and ease of integration relative to the DSP-1750; and
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Later this year, we plan to offer new value-added services to our mini-VSAT Broadband customers using our IP-MobileCast software.
Our research and development activities consist of projects funded by us, and projects funded with the assistance of customer-funded contract research. Our customer-funded research efforts are made up of contracts with defense and OEM customers, whose performance specifications are unique to their product applications. Defense and OEM research often results in new product offerings. We strive to be the first company to bring a new product to market, and we use our own funds to accelerate new product development efforts.
Government Regulation
Our manufacturing operations are subject to various laws governing the protection of the environment and our employees. These laws and regulations are subject to change, and any such change may require us to improve our technologies, incur expenditures, or both, in order to comply with such laws and regulations.
We are subject to compliance with the U.S. Export Administration Regulations. Some of our products have military or strategic applications, and are on the Munitions List of the U.S. International Traffic in Arms Regulations. These products require an individual validated license to be exported to certain jurisdictions. The length of time involved in the licensing process varies and can result in delays of the shipping of the products. Sales of our products to either the U.S. government or its prime contractors are subject to the U.S. Federal Acquisition Regulations.
We are also subject to the laws and regulations of the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions in which we offer and sell our satellite communication products and services, including those of the European Union, Brazil, Norway, Singapore and Japan. These laws and regulations, as well as the interpretation and application of these laws and regulations, are subject to change and any such change may affect our ability to offer and sell existing and planned satellite communications products and services.
Employees
On December 31, 2013, we employed 471 full-time employees. We also employ part-time employees as well as temporary or contract personnel, when necessary, to provide short-term and/or specialized support for production and other functional projects.
We believe our future success will depend upon the continued service of our key technical and senior management personnel and upon our continued ability to attract and retain highly qualified technical and managerial personnel. None of our employees is represented by a labor union. We have never experienced a work stoppage and consider our relationship with our employees to be good.


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ITEM 1A.
Risk Factors
An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risk factors in evaluating our business. If any of these risks, or other risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are not significant, develops into an actual event, then our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. If that happens, the market price of our common stock could decline.
Our revenues and results of operations have been and may continue to be adversely impacted by worldwide economic turmoil, credit tightening, high fuel prices and associated declines in consumer spending.
Worldwide economic conditions have experienced a significant downturn over the last several years, including slower economic activity, tightened credit markets, inflation and deflation concerns, increased fuel prices, decreased consumer confidence, reduced corporate profits, reduced or canceled capital spending, adverse business conditions and liquidity concerns. These conditions make it difficult for businesses, governments and consumers to accurately forecast and plan future activities. Many governments are experiencing significant deficits that have caused and may continue to cause them to curtail spending significantly and/or reallocate funds away from defense programs. There can be no assurances that government responses to the disruptions in the economy will remedy these problems. As a result of these and other factors, customers could continue to slow or suspend spending on our products and services. We may also incur increased credit losses and need to increase our allowance for doubtful accounts, which would have a negative impact on our earnings and financial condition. For example, our bad debt expense increased $0.5 million in 2013 from 2012, driven by bad debt expense associated with airtime sales for our mini-VSAT Broadband service.
    We cannot predict the timing, duration or ultimate impact of the downturn in our markets. We expect our business to continue to be adversely impacted by this downturn.
Net sales of many of our mobile communications products are largely generated by discretionary consumer spending, and demand for these products may continue to decline as a result of continuing weak regional and global economic conditions. For example, sales of our mobile communications products decreased 2% from 2012 to 2013, and the declines were more extensive in certain areas such as Asia and Europe. Consumer spending tends to decline during recessionary periods and may decline at other times. Some consumers have chosen not to purchase our mobile communications products due to a perception that they are luxury items, and these trends could continue or accelerate. As global and regional economic conditions change, including uncertainty regarding federal budgetary pressures, overseas sovereign debt crisis, the general level of interest rates, fluctuating oil prices and demand for durable consumer products, demand for our products could continue to be materially and adversely affected.
Our financial performance is impacted by U.S. government contracts, which are subject to uncertain levels of funding and termination.
     We have historically sold a substantial portion of our FOG systems to a U.S. government contractor for the U.S. Army's CROWS III program. A reduction in sales to the U.S. government, whether due to lack of funding, for convenience, or otherwise, or the occurrence of delays, could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition. We expect that the drawdown of troops from Afghanistan will continue to adversely affect sales of our FOG products to contractors to the U.S. government.
The funding of U.S. government programs is subject to congressional appropriations. Congress generally appropriates funds on a fiscal year basis even though a program may extend over several fiscal years. Consequently, programs are often only partially funded initially and additional funds are committed only as Congress makes further appropriations. If appropriations for any program in which we participate become unavailable, or are reduced or delayed, our contract or subcontract under such program may be terminated or adjusted by the government, which could have a negative impact on our future sales under such contract or subcontract. When a formal appropriation bill has not been signed into law before the end of the U.S. government's fiscal year, which has become more frequent in recent years, Congress may pass a continuing resolution that authorizes agencies of the U.S. government to continue to operate, generally at the same funding levels from the prior year, but that typically does not authorize new spending initiatives, during this period. Appropriations can also be impacted by other budgetary considerations, such as failure to increase the statutory debt ceiling of the U.S. government. During such periods (or until the regular appropriation bills are passed), delays can occur in procurement of products and services due to lack of funding, and these delays can affect our results of operations during the period of delay.
Appropriations can also be affected by legislation that addresses larger budgetary issues of the U.S. government. For example, future federal sequestration measures could continue to adversely affect federal spending across the U.S. government, including the Department of Defense, and we expect that these measures will continue to limit or reduce defense spending, including spending for our FOG products for the U.S. Army's CROWS III program.

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In addition, U.S. government contracts generally also permit the government to terminate the contract, in whole or in part, without prior notice, at the government's convenience or for default based on performance. If one of our contracts is terminated for convenience, we would generally be entitled to payments for our allowable costs and would receive some allowance for profit on the work performed. If one of our contracts is terminated for default, we would generally be entitled to payments for our work that has been accepted by the government. A termination arising out of our default could expose us to liability and adversely affect our ability to obtain future contracts and orders. Furthermore, on contracts for which we are a subcontractor and not the prime contractor, the U.S. government could terminate the prime contract for convenience or otherwise, irrespective of our performance as a subcontractor.
Our results of operations could be adversely affected if unseasonably cold weather, prolonged winter conditions, disasters or similar events occur.
Our marine leisure business is highly seasonal and seasonality can also impact our commercial marine business. Historically, we have generated the majority of our marine leisure product revenues during the first and second quarters of each year, and these revenues typically decline in the third and fourth quarters of each year, compared to the first two quarters. Temporary suspensions of our airtime services typically increase in the third and fourth quarters of each year as boats are placed out of service during winter months. Our marine leisure business is also significantly affected by the weather. Unseasonably cool weather, prolonged winter conditions, hurricanes, unusual amounts of rain, and natural and other disasters may decrease boating, which could reduce our revenues. Specifically, we may encounter a decrease in new airtime activations as well as an increase in the number of cancellations or temporary suspensions of our airtime service.
We expect that we could derive an increasing portion of our revenues from commercial leases of mobile communications equipment, rather than sales, which could increase our credit and collection risk.
We are actively seeking to increase revenues from the commercial markets for our mini-VSAT Broadband service, particularly shipping companies and other companies that deploy a fleet of vessels. In marketing this service, we offer leasing arrangements for the TracPhone antennas to both commercial and leisure customers. If commercial leases become increasingly popular with our customers, we could face increased risks of default under those leases. Defaults could increase our costs of collection (including costs of retrieving leased equipment) and reduce the amount we collect from customers, which could harm our results of operations. Moreover, fleet sales are likely to be less common than, and perhaps substantially larger than, our typical orders, which could lead to increased variability in our quarterly revenues and gross margin realization.
Changes in the competitive environment or supply chain issues may require inventory write-downs.
From time to time, we have recorded significant inventory reserves and/or inventory write-offs as a result of substantial declines in customer demand. Market or competitive changes could lead to future charges for excess or obsolete inventory, especially if we are unable to appropriately adjust the supply of material from our vendors.
Shifts in our product sales mix toward our mobile communications products and services may reduce our overall gross margins.
Our mobile communications products and services historically have had lower product and service gross margins than our guidance and stabilization products. As a result of the completion of the product delivery portion of the SANG contract and other factors, we expect a shift in our sales mix towards mobile communications products and services, which would likely cause lower gross margins in the future. Moreover, our mobile communications services have lower gross margins than our overall average gross margins, and those services have been increasing as a percentage of net sales. If and to the extent that our mobile communications services continue to increase as a percentage of net sales, we expect to generate lower overall gross margins, although this trend may be somewhat offset if we continue to generate increased efficiencies of scale in the delivery of our mobile communications services.
We must generate a certain level of sales of the TracPhone V-series products and our mini-VSAT Broadband service in order to improve our service gross margins.
As a result of our mini-VSAT Broadband network infrastructure, our cost of service sales includes certain fixed costs that do not generally vary with the volume of service sales, and we have almost no ability to reduce these fixed costs in the short term. These fixed costs will increase if we further expand our network to accommodate additional subscriber demand and/or coverage area expansion. If sales of our TracPhone V-series products and the mini-VSAT Broadband service do not generate the level of revenue that we expect or decline, our service gross margins may remain below historical levels or decline. The failure to improve our mini-VSAT Broadband service gross margins would have a material adverse effect on our overall profitability.

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Competition may limit our ability to sell our mobile communications products and services and guidance and stabilization products.
The mobile communications markets and defense navigation, guidance and stabilization markets in which we participate are very competitive, and we expect this competition to persist and intensify in the future. We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors, which could impair our ability to sell our products. For example, improvements in the performance of lower cost gyros by competitors could potentially jeopardize sales of our FOGs. Foreign competition for our mobile satellite communications products has continued to intensify, most notably from companies that seek to compete primarily on price. We anticipate that this trend of substantial competition will continue.
In the marine market for satellite TV equipment, we compete with Intellian, Cobham SATCOM, Orbit Communication Systems, RayMarine (Intellian made), KNS, and Sea King (King Controls).
In the marine market for voice, fax, data and Internet communications equipment, we compete with Intellian, Cobham SATCOM, Orbit Communication Systems, Jotron AS, KNS Inc., Inmarsat, AddValue, and Iridium Satellite LLC.
In the marine market for voice, fax, data and Internet services, we compete with Inmarsat, Globalstar LP, and Iridium Satellite LLC. We also face competition from providers of marine satellite data services and maritime VSAT solutions, including Inmarsat (and its new announced Global Xpress service), MTN/SeaMobile, Speedcast, CapRock, and Airbus Defense & Space.
In the market for land mobile satellite TV equipment, we compete with King Controls and Winegard Company.
In the markets for media content, we compete with Swank Motion Pictures and NewspaperDirect.
In the guidance and stabilization markets, we compete primarily with Honeywell International Inc., Northrop Grumman Corporation, Goodrich Aerospace, IAI, Fizoptica, SAGEM and Systron Donner Inertial.
Among the factors that may affect our ability to compete in our markets are the following:
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many of our primary competitors are well-established companies that generally have substantially greater financial, managerial, technical, marketing, personnel and other resources than we do;
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product and service improvements, new product and service developments or price reductions by competitors may weaken customer acceptance of, and reduce demand for, our products and services;
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new technology or market trends may disrupt or displace a need for our products and services; and
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our competitors may have lower production costs than we do, which may enable them to compete more aggressively in offering discounts and other promotions.
The emergence of a competing small maritime VSAT antenna and complementary service or other similar service could reduce the competitive advantage we believe we currently enjoy with our 60-centimeter (cm) diameter TracPhone V7 and 37-cm diameter TracPhone V3 antennas along with our integrated Ku-band mini-VSAT Broadband service, or with our C/Ku-band mini-VSAT Broadband service and our TracPhone V11.
Our TracPhone V3 and V7 systems offer customers a range of benefits due to their integrated design, hardware costs that are lower than existing maritime Ku-band VSAT systems, and spread spectrum technology. We currently compete against companies that offer established maritime Ku-band VSAT service using, in some cases, antennas 1-meter in diameter or larger. While we are unaware of any company offering a 37-cm VSAT solution comparable to our TracPhone V3, we are encountering regional competition from companies offering 60-cm VSAT systems and services, which are comparable in size to our TracPhone V7. Likewise, our TracPhone V11, at 1.1-meter in diameter, is approximately 85% smaller and lighter than competing C-band maritime VSAT systems, which uses antennas in excess of 2.4-meters in diameter to provide similar global services. We are unaware of any competitor currently offering a similar size solution for global C-band coverage, but any introduction of such a product could adversely impact our success. In addition, other companies could replicate some of the distinguishing features of our TracPhone V-series products, which could potentially reduce the appeal of our solution, increase price competition and adversely affect sales. For example, Inmarsat has announced a new global Ka-band mobile VSAT service called Global Xpress which they claim will be faster and have a lower price per megabit than existing Ku-band services that might adversely impact sales of KVH’s mini-VSAT Broadband service and related equipment. Moreover, consumers may choose other services such as FleetBroadband or Iridium OpenPort for their service coverage and potentially lower hardware costs despite higher service costs and slower data rates.

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Our ability to compete in the maritime airtime services market may be impaired if we are unable to provide sufficient service capacity to meet customer demand.
The TracPhone V-series products and our mini-VSAT Broadband service offer a range of benefits to mariners, especially in commercial markets, due to the smaller size antenna and faster, more affordable airtime. We have completed the rollout of our original network coverage plan and currently offer service in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia-Pacific, and Australian and New Zealand waters. In the future, we may need to expand capacity in existing coverage areas to support an expanding subscriber base. If we are unable to reach agreement with third-party satellite providers to support the mini-VSAT Broadband service and its spread spectrum technology or transponder capacity is unavailable should we need to increase our capacity to meet growing demand in a given region, our ability to support vessels and aeronautical applications globally will be at risk and could reduce the attractiveness of our products and services to these customers.
Adverse economic conditions could result in financial difficulties or bankruptcy for any of our suppliers, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The significant downturn in worldwide economic conditions and credit tightening could present challenges to our suppliers, which could result in disruptions to our business, increase our costs, delay shipment of our products or delivery of services and impair our ability to generate and recognize revenue. To address their own business challenges, our suppliers may increase prices, reduce the availability of credit, require deposits or advance payments or take other actions that may impose a burden on us.
They may also reduce production capacity, slow or delay delivery of products, face challenges meeting our specifications or otherwise fail to meet our requirements. In some cases, our suppliers may face bankruptcy. We may be required to identify, qualify and engage new suppliers, which would require time and the attention of management. Any of these events could impair our ability to deliver our products and services to customers in a timely and cost-effective manner, cause us to breach our contractual commitments or result in the loss of customers.
The purchasing and delivery schedules and priorities of the U.S. military and foreign governments are often unpredictable.
We sell our FOG systems and tactical navigation products to U.S. and foreign military and government customers, either directly or as a subcontractor to other contractors. These customers often use a competitive bidding process and have unique purchasing and delivery requirements, which often makes the timing of sales to these customers unpredictable. Factors that affect their purchasing and delivery decisions include:
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increasing budgetary pressures, which may reduce or delay funding for military programs;
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changes in modernization plans for military equipment;
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changes in tactical navigation requirements;
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global conflicts impacting troop deployment, including troop withdrawals from the Middle East;
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priorities for current battlefield operations;
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new military and operational doctrines that affect military equipment needs;
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sales cycles that are long and difficult to predict;
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shifting response time and/or delays in the approval process associated with the export licenses we must obtain prior to the international shipment of certain of our military products;
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delays in military procurement schedules; and
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delays in the testing and acceptance of our products, including delays resulting from changes in customer specifications.
These factors can cause substantial fluctuations in sales of our TACNAV and FOG products from period to period. For example, sales of our FOG products increased $0.7 million, or 3%, from 2011 to 2012 and increased $1.1 million, or 5%, from 2012 to 2013. However, sales of our FOG products decreased $3.0 million, or 39%, from the fourth quarter of 2012 to the fourth quarter of 2013. TACNAV product sales, increased $1.0 million, or 5% from 2011 to 2012 and decreased $0.6 million, or 3% from 2012 to 2013. TACNAV service sales increased $4.8 million, or 88% from 2012 to 2013. The increases in TACNAV product sales in 2012 and service sales in 2013 were due primarily to the $35.6 million SANG order received in June 2012, the largest TACNAV order in our history. The product shipments on the SANG order were completed in the second quarter of 2013. The remaining $1.3 million in contract value for the services portion of the SANG order as of December 31, 2013 is estimated for completion in the first quarter of 2014. We do not currently have in backlog another order of comparable

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size for 2014 or future years, and as a result we expect that our TACNAV service revenues will decline in 2014 from 2013 and our TACNAV product revenue may decline as well in 2014. The U.S. government may change defense spending priorities at any time. Moreover, government customers such as the U.S. Coast Guard and their contractors can generally cancel orders for our products for convenience or decline to exercise previously disclosed contract options. Even under firm orders with government customers, funding must often be appropriated in the budget process in order for the government to complete the contract. The cancellation of or failure to fund orders for our products could further reduce our net sales and results of operations.
Sales of our FOG systems and TACNAV products generally consist of a few large orders, and the delay or cancellation of a single order could substantially reduce our net sales.
KVH products sold to customers in the defense industry are purchased through orders that can generally range in size from several hundred thousand dollars to more than one million dollars. For example, we received orders for TACNAV products and services of $7.2 million, $35.6 million and $2.8 million in January 2013, June 2012 and June 2012, respectively. Orders of this size are often unpredictable and difficult to replicate. As a result, the delay or cancellation of a single order could materially reduce our net sales and results of operations. We periodically experience repeated and unanticipated delays in defense orders, which make our revenues and operating results less predictable. Because our guidance and stabilization products typically have relatively higher product gross margins than our mobile communications products, the loss of an order for guidance and stabilization products could have a disproportionately adverse effect on our results of operations.
Only a few customers account for a substantial portion of our guidance and stabilization revenues, and the loss of any of these customers could substantially reduce our net sales.
We derive a significant portion of our guidance and stabilization revenues from a small number of customers, many of whom are contractors for the U.S. government. For example, for the year ended December 31, 2013, SANG accounted for approximately 12% of our total sales, and product deliveries to this customer under our existing contract were completed in the second quarter. We do not currently have in backlog another order of comparable size for 2014 or future years. The loss of business from any of these customers could substantially reduce our net sales and results of operations and could seriously harm our business. Since we are often awarded a contract as a subcontractor to a major defense supplier that is engaged in a competitive bidding process as prime contractor for a major weapons procurement program, our revenues depend significantly on the success of the prime contractors with which we align ourselves.
Commercial sales of our guidance and stabilization products are unpredictable.
Increased commercial sales of our guidance and stabilization products are making it more difficult to predict our future revenues. We have been marketing our guidance and stabilization products, particularly our FOGs, to original equipment manufacturers for incorporation into commercial products, such as navigation and positioning systems for various applications, including precision mapping, dynamic surveying, autonomous vehicles, train location control and track geometry measurement systems, industrial robotics and optical stabilization. Because we sell these products to original equipment manufacturers rather than end-users, we have less information about market trends and other developments affecting the buying patterns of end-users and, as a result, may be unable to forecast demand for these products accurately. Moreover, sales of these products for commercial applications depend on the success of our customers’ products, and any decline in sales of our customers’ products would reduce demand for our products.
Our mobile satellite products currently depend on satellite services and facilities provided by third parties, and a disruption in those services could adversely affect sales.
Our satellite antenna products include the equipment necessary to utilize satellite services; we do not own the satellites to directly provide two-way satellite communications. We currently offer satellite television products compatible with the DIRECTV and DISH Network services in the United States, the Bell TV service in Canada, the Sky Mexico service and various other regional satellite TV services in other parts of the world.
SES, Eutelsat, Sky Perfect-JSAT, Telesat, EchoStar, Intelsat and Star One currently provide the satellite capacity to support the mini-VSAT Broadband service and our TracPhone V-series products. Intelsat also currently provides our C-Band satellite coverage. In addition, we have agreements with various teleports and Internet service providers around the globe to support the mini-VSAT Broadband service. We rely on Inmarsat for satellite communications services for our FleetBroadband compatible TracPhone products.
If customers become dissatisfied with the programming, pricing, service, availability or other aspects of any of these satellite services, or if any one or more of these services becomes unavailable for any reason, we could suffer a substantial decline in sales of our satellite products. There may be no alternative service provider available in a particular geographic area, and our modem or other technology may not be compatible with the technology of any alternative service provider that may be

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available. In addition, the unexpected failure of a satellite could disrupt the availability of programming and services, which could reduce the demand for, or customer satisfaction with, our products.
We rely upon spread spectrum communications technology developed by ViaSat and transmitted by third-party satellite providers to permit two-way broadband Internet via our 60-cm diameter TracPhone V7 antenna, our 37-cm diameter TracPhone V3 antenna, and our 1.1-meter diameter TracPhone V11, and any disruption in the availability of this technology could adversely affect sales.
Our mini-VSAT Broadband service relies on spread spectrum technology developed with ViaSat, Inc., for use with satellite capacity controlled by SES, Eutelsat, Sky Perfect-JSAT, Telesat, Echostar, Intelsat and Star One. Our TracPhone two-way broadband satellite terminals combine our stabilized antenna technology with ViaSat’s ArcLight spread spectrum mobile broadband technology, along with ViaSat’s ArcLight spread spectrum modem. The ArcLight technology is also integrated within the satellite hubs that support this service. Sales of the TracPhone V-series products and our mini-VSAT Broadband service could be disrupted if we fail to receive approval from regulatory authorities to provide our spread spectrum service in the waters of various countries where our customers operate or if there are issues with the availability of the ArcLight maritime modems.
High fuel prices, tight credit availability, environmental concerns and ongoing low levels of consumer confidence are adversely affecting sales of our mobile satellite TV products.
Factors such as high fuel prices, tight credit, environmental protection laws and ongoing low levels of consumer confidence can materially and adversely affect sales of larger vehicles and vessels for which our mobile satellite TV products are designed. Many customers finance their purchases of these vehicles and vessels, and tightened credit availability can reduce demand for both these vehicles and vessels and our mobile satellite TV products. Moreover, in the current credit markets, financing for these purchases has sometimes been unavailable or more difficult to obtain. The increased cost of operating these vehicles and vessels can adversely affect demand for our mobile satellite TV products.
We may continue to increase the use of international suppliers to source components for our manufacturing operations, which could disrupt our business.
Although we have historically manufactured and sourced raw materials for the majority of our products domestically, in order for us to compete with lower priced competitive products while also improving our profitability, in some instances we have found it desirable to source raw materials and manufactured components and assemblies from Europe, Asia and South America. Reliance on foreign manufacturing and/or raw material supply has lengthened our supply chain and increased the risk that a disruption in that supply chain could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial performance.
We have single dedicated manufacturing facilities for each of our mobile communications and guidance and stabilization product categories, and any significant disruption to a facility could impair our ability to deliver our products.
Excluding the CommBox product, which we manufacture in Norway, we currently manufacture all of our mobile communications products at our manufacturing facility in Middletown, Rhode Island, and the majority of our guidance and stabilization products at our facility in Tinley Park, Illinois. Some of our production processes are complex, and we may be unable to respond rapidly to the loss of the use of either production facility. For example, our production facilities use some specialized equipment that may take time to replace if they are damaged or become unusable for any reason. In that event, shipments would be delayed, which could result in customer or dealer dissatisfaction, loss of sales and damage to our reputation. Finally, we have only a limited capability to increase our manufacturing capacity in the short term. If short-term demand for our products exceeds our manufacturing capacity, our inability to fulfill orders in a timely manner could also lead to customer or dealer dissatisfaction, loss of sales and damage to our reputation.
We depend on sole or limited source suppliers, and any disruption in supply could impair our ability to deliver our products on time or at expected cost.
We obtain many key components for our products from third-party suppliers, and in some cases we use a single or a limited number of suppliers. Any interruption in supply could impair our ability to deliver our products until we identify and qualify a new source of supply, which could take several weeks, months or longer and could increase our costs significantly. Suppliers might change or discontinue key components, which could require us to modify our product designs. For example, in the past, we have experienced changes in the chemicals used to coat our optical fiber, which changed its characteristics and thereby necessitated design modifications. Department of Defense regulations requiring government contractors to implement processes to avoid counterfeit parts may require us to find new sources of materials or components if the current supplier cannot meet the requirements. In general, we do not have written long-term supply agreements with our suppliers but instead

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purchase components through purchase orders, which expose us to potential price increases and termination of supply without notice or recourse. It is generally not our practice to carry significant inventories of product components, and this could magnify the impact of the loss of a supplier. If we are required to use a new source of materials or components, it could also result in unexpected manufacturing difficulties and could affect product performance and reliability. In addition, from time to time, lead times for certain components can increase significantly due to imbalances in overall market supply and demand. This, in turn, could limit our ability to satisfy the demand for certain of our products on a timely basis, and could result in some customer orders being rescheduled or canceled.
Any failure to maintain and expand our third-party distribution relationships may limit our ability to penetrate markets for mobile communications products and services.
We market and sell our mobile communications products and services through an international network of independent retailers, chain stores and distributors, as well as to manufacturers of marine vessels, recreational vehicles and buses. If we are unable to maintain or improve our distribution relationships, it could significantly limit our sales. Some of our distribution relationships are new, and our new distributors may not be successful in marketing and selling our products and services. In addition, our distribution partners may sell products of other companies, including competing products, and are generally not required to purchase minimum quantities of our products.
Our new media and entertainment business relies on licensing arrangements with content providers, and the loss of or changes in those arrangements could adversely affect our business.
We distribute premium news, sports, movies and music content for commercial and leisure customers in the maritime, hotel, and retail markets. We do not generate this content but instead license the content from third parties on a non-exclusive basis. We do not have long-term license agreements with any content provider. Accordingly, any content provider could terminate our existing arrangements with little or no advance notice or could adversely modify the terms of the arrangement, including potential price increases. The loss of content could adversely affect the attractiveness of our media and entertainment offerings, which could adversely affect our revenues. Any increase in the cost of content could reduce the profitability of these offerings.
If we are unable to improve our existing mobile communications and guidance and stabilization products and develop new, innovative products, our sales and market share may decline.
The markets for mobile communications products and guidance and stabilization products are each characterized by rapid technological change, frequent new product innovations, changes in customer requirements and expectations, and evolving industry standards. If we fail to make innovations in our existing products and reduce the costs of our products, our market share may decline. Products using new technologies, or emerging industry standards, could render our products obsolete. If our competitors successfully introduce new or enhanced products that eliminate technological advantages our products may have in a market or otherwise outperform our products, or are perceived by consumers as doing so, we may be unable to compete successfully in the markets affected by these changes.
If we cannot effectively manage changes in our rate of growth, our business may suffer.
We have previously expanded our operations to pursue existing and potential market opportunities, and we are continuing to expand our international operations. For example, we recently opened a new sales office in Japan to service local customers, and we recently expanded our service offerings through the acquisition of Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group). This growth placed a strain on our personnel, management, financial and other resources. If any portion of our business grows more rapidly than we anticipate and we fail to manage that growth properly, we may incur unnecessary expenses, and the efficiency of our operations may decline. If we are unable to adjust our operating expenses on a timely basis in response to changes in revenue cycles, our results of operations may be harmed. To manage changes in our rate of growth effectively, we must, among other things:
•
match our manufacturing facilities and capacity to demand for our products in a timely manner;
•
successfully attract, train, motivate and manage appropriate numbers of employees for manufacturing, sales and customer support activities;
•
effectively manage our inventory and working capital; and
•
improve the efficiencies within our operating, administrative, financial and accounting systems, and our procedures and controls.


17

We identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, and the occurrence of this or any other material weakness could have a material adverse effect on our ability to report accurate financial information in a timely manner.
As previously described in Item 9A of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, in March 2013, our management identified that the most senior member of our accounting staff at our Danish subsidiary had engaged in a fraudulent scheme to misappropriate assets from us over a period of at least three years. The scheme included fraudulent wire transfers to a personal bank account, fraudulent documentation, forged signatures and use of a corporate credit card for personal expenses. Management performed its assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financing reporting as of December 31, 2012 and concluded that our internal control over financial reporting as of that date was not effective because of a material weakness. That assessment identified three control deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. After implementation of a remediation plan, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2013, the control deficiencies had been remediated.
If we were to have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, it is possible that our financial statements would not comply with generally accepted accounting principles, would contain a material misstatement or would not be available on a timely basis, any of which could cause investors to lose confidence in us and lead to, among other things, unanticipated legal, accounting and other expenses, delays in filing required financial disclosures, enforcement actions by government authorities, fines, penalties, the delisting of our common stock and liabilities arising from stockholder litigation.
We may be unable to hire and retain the skilled personnel we need to expand our operations.
To meet our growth objectives, we must attract and retain highly skilled technical, operational, managerial and sales and marketing personnel. If we fail to attract and retain the necessary personnel, we may be unable to achieve our business objectives and may lose our competitive position, which could lead to a significant decline in net sales. We face significant competition for these skilled professionals from other companies, research and academic institutions, government entities and other organizations.
Our success depends on the services of our executive officers.
Our future success depends to a significant degree on the skills and efforts of Martin Kits van Heyningen, our co-founder, President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman of the Board. If we lost the services of Mr. Kits van Heyningen, our business and operating results could be seriously harmed. We also depend on the ability of our other executive officers to work effectively as a team. The loss of one or more of our executive officers could impair our ability to manage our business effectively.
Our international business operations expose us to a number of difficulties in coordinating our activities abroad and in dealing with multiple regulatory environments.
Historically, sales to customers outside the United States and Canada have accounted for a significant portion of our net sales, and our acquisition of Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group) in May 2013 increased our sales in new foreign markets. We have foreign sales offices in Denmark, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Japan, Norway and Cyprus, as well as a subsidiary in Brazil that manages local sales. We otherwise support our international sales from our operations in the United States. Our limited operations in foreign countries may impair our ability to compete successfully in international markets and to meet the service and support needs of our customers in countries where we have little to no infrastructure. We are subject to a number of risks associated with our international business activities, which may increase our costs and require significant management attention. These risks include:
•
technical challenges we may face in adapting our mobile communications products to function with different satellite services and technology in use in various regions around the world;
•
satisfaction of international regulatory requirements and delays and costs associated with procurement of any necessary licenses or permits;
•
restrictions on the sale of certain guidance and stabilization products to foreign military and government customers;
•
increased costs of providing customer support in multiple languages;
•
increased costs of managing operations that are international in scope;
•
potentially adverse tax consequences, including restrictions on the repatriation of earnings;

18

•
protectionist laws and business practices that favor local competitors, which could slow our growth in international markets;
•
potentially longer sales cycles, which could slow our revenue growth from international sales;
•
potentially longer accounts receivable payment cycles and difficulties in collecting accounts receivable;
•
losses arising from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; and
•
economic and political instability in some international markets.
Exports of certain guidance and stabilization products are subject to the U.S. Export Administration Regulations and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations and require a license from the U.S. Department of State prior to shipment.
We must comply with the United States Export Administration Regulations and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, or ITAR. Certain of our products have military or strategic applications and are on the munitions list of the ITAR and require an individual validated license in order to be exported to certain jurisdictions. Any changes in export regulations or reclassifications of our products may further restrict the export of our products, and we may cease to be able to procure export licenses for our products under existing regulations. The length of time required by the licensing process can vary, potentially delaying the shipment of products and the recognition of the corresponding revenue. Any restriction on the export of a product line or any amount of our products could cause a significant reduction in net sales.
Our business may suffer if we cannot protect our proprietary technology.
Our ability to compete depends significantly upon our patents, our source code and our other proprietary technology. The steps we have taken to protect our technology may be inadequate to prevent others from using what we regard as our technology to compete with us. Our patents could expire or be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, and the rights we have under our patents could provide no competitive advantages. Existing trade secrets, copyright and trademark laws offer only limited protection. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary technology to the same extent as the laws of the United States, which could increase the likelihood of misappropriation. Furthermore, other companies could independently develop similar or superior technology without violating our intellectual property rights. Any misappropriation of our technology or the development of competing technology could seriously harm our competitive position, which could lead to a substantial reduction in net sales.
If we resort to legal proceedings to enforce our intellectual property rights, the proceedings could be burdensome, disruptive and expensive, distract the attention of management, and there can be no assurance that we would prevail.
Also, we have delivered certain technical data and information to the U.S. government under procurement contracts, and it may have unlimited rights to use that technical data and information. There can be no assurance that the U.S. government will not authorize others to use that data and information to compete with us.
Claims by others that we infringe their intellectual property rights could harm our business and financial condition.
Our industries are characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. We cannot be certain that our products do not and will not infringe issued patents, patents that may be issued in the future, or other intellectual property rights of others.
We do not generally conduct exhaustive patent searches to determine whether the technology used in our products infringes patents held by third parties. In addition, product development is inherently uncertain in a rapidly evolving technological environment in which there may be numerous patent applications pending, many of which are confidential when filed, with regard to similar technologies.
From time to time we have faced claims by third parties that our products or technology infringe their patents or other intellectual property rights, and we may face similar claims in the future. Any claim of infringement could cause us to incur substantial costs defending against the claim, even if the claim is invalid, and could distract the attention of our management. If any of our products are found to violate third-party proprietary rights, we may be required to pay substantial damages. In addition, we may be required to re-engineer our products or obtain licenses from third parties to continue to offer our products. Any efforts to re-engineer our products or obtain licenses on commercially reasonable terms may not be successful, which would prevent us from selling our products, and, in any case, could substantially increase our costs and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

19

Cybersecurity breaches could expose us to liability, damage our reputation, require us to incur significant costs or otherwise adversely affect our financial results.
We retain sensitive data, including intellectual property, proprietary business information and personally identifiable information of our employees and customers on our computer networks. Although we take protective measures and endeavor to modify them as circumstances warrant, invasive technologies and techniques continue to evolve rapidly, and our computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses or other malicious code and other events that could have a security impact. Any security breach may compromise information stored on our networks and may result in significant data losses or theft of our, our customers', our business partners' or our employees' intellectual property, proprietary business information or personally identifiable information.
If any of these events were to occur, they could lead to the loss of sensitive information, cause us to lose existing customers and fail to attract new customers, as well as subject us to regulatory actions, litigation, fines or damage to our reputation, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Fluctuations in our quarterly net sales and results of operations could depress the market price of our common stock.
We have at times experienced significant fluctuations in our net sales and results of operations from one quarter to the next. Our future net sales and results of operations could vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, many of which are outside our control. Accordingly, you should not rely on quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our results of operations as an indication of future performance. It is possible that our net sales or results of operations in a quarter will fall below the expectations of securities analysts or investors. If this occurs, the market price of our common stock could fall significantly. Our results of operations in any quarter can fluctuate for many reasons, including:
•
changes in demand for our mobile communications products and services and guidance and stabilization products and services;
•
the timing and size of individual orders from military customers;
•
the mix of products we sell;
•
our ability to manufacture, test and deliver products in a timely and cost-effective manner, including the availability and timely delivery of components and subassemblies from our suppliers;
•
our success in winning competitions for orders;
•
the timing of new product introductions by us or our competitors;
•
expense incurred in pursuing acquisitions;
•
market and competitive pricing pressures;
•
general economic climate; and
•
seasonality of pleasure boat and recreational vehicle usage.
A large portion of our expenses, including expenses for network infrastructure, facilities, equipment, and personnel, are relatively fixed. Accordingly, if our net sales decline or do not grow as much as we anticipate, we might be unable to maintain or improve our operating margins. Any failure to achieve anticipated net sales could therefore significantly harm our operating results for a particular fiscal period.
We may have exposure to additional tax liabilities, which could negatively impact our income tax expense, net income and cash flow.
We are subject to income taxes and other taxes in both the U.S. and the foreign jurisdictions in which we currently operate. The determination of our worldwide provision for income taxes and current and deferred tax assets and liabilities requires judgment and estimation. In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We are subject to regular review and audit by both domestic and foreign tax authorities and to the prospective and retrospective effects of changing tax regulations and legislation. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the ultimate tax outcome may materially differ from the tax amounts recorded in our consolidated financial statements and may materially affect our income tax benefit or expense, net loss or income, and cash flows in the period in which such determination is made.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carry forwards. A valuation allowance reduces deferred tax assets to estimated realizable value, which assumes that it is more likely than not that we will be

20

able to generate sufficient future taxable income to realize the net carrying value. We review our deferred tax assets and valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. As part of our review, we consider positive and negative evidence, including cumulative results in recent years.
If, during our quarterly reviews of our deferred tax assets, we determine that it is more likely than not that we will not be able to generate sufficient future taxable income to realize the net carrying value of our deferred tax assets, we will record a valuation allowance to reduce the tax assets to estimated realizable value. This could result in a material income tax charge.
The market price of our common stock may be volatile.
Our stock price has historically been volatile. During the period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2013, the trading price of our common stock ranged from $7.61 to $15.00. Many factors may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate, including:
•
variations in our quarterly results of operations;
•
the introduction of new products and services by us or our competitors;
•
changing needs of military customers;
•
changes in estimates of our performance or recommendations by securities analysts;
•
the hiring or departure of key personnel;
•
acquisitions or strategic alliances involving us or our competitors;
•
market conditions in our industries; and
•
the global macroeconomic and geopolitical environment.
In addition, the stock market can experience extreme price and volume fluctuations. Major stock market indices experienced dramatic declines in 2008 and in the first quarter of 2009. These fluctuations are often unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. When the market price of a company’s stock drops significantly, stockholders often institute securities litigation against that company. Any such litigation could cause us to incur significant expenses defending against the claim, divert the time and attention of our management and result in significant damages.
Compliance with the SEC's new conflict minerals rules will increase our costs and adversely affect our results of operations.
We are subject to the SEC's new disclosure requirements for public companies that manufacture, or contract to manufacture, products for which certain minerals and their derivatives, namely tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold, known as “conflict minerals,” are necessary to the functionality or production of those products. These regulations will require us to determine which of our products contain conflict minerals and, if so, to perform an extensive inquiry into our supply chain in an effort to determine whether or not such conflict minerals originate from the Democratic Republic of Congo, or DRC, or an adjoining country. We expect to incur additional costs to comply with these disclosure requirements, including costs related to determining the source of any of the relevant minerals used in our products, which will adversely affect our results of operations. Because our supply chain is complex, the country of origin inquiry and due diligence procedures that we implement may not enable us to ascertain the origins of any conflict minerals that we use or determine that these minerals did not originate from the DRC or an adjoining country, which may harm our reputation. We may also face difficulties in satisfying customers who may require that our products be certified as DRC conflict-free, which could harm our relationships with these customers and lead to a loss of revenue. These new requirements could also have the effect of limiting the pool of suppliers from which we source these minerals, and we may be unable to obtain conflict-free minerals at competitive prices, which could increase our costs and adversely affect our manufacturing operations and our profitability.

21

Acquisitions may disrupt our operations or adversely affect our results.
We evaluate strategic acquisition opportunities to acquire other businesses as they arise, such as our acquisition of Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group) in May 2013. The expenses we incur evaluating and pursuing this and other such acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. For example, we incurred approximately $0.9 million in connection with the acquisition of the KVH Media Group. If we acquire a business, we may be unable to manage it profitably or successfully integrate its operations with our own. Moreover, we may be unable to realize the strategic, financial, operational and other benefits we anticipate from any acquisition. Competition for acquisition opportunities could increase the price we pay for businesses we acquire and could reduce the number of potential acquisition targets. Further, our approach to acquisitions may involve a number of special financial and business risks, such as:
•
entry into new and unfamiliar lines of business or markets, which may present challenges or risks that we did not anticipate;
•
charges related to any potential acquisition from which we may withdraw;
•
diversion of our management’s time, attention, and resources;
•
loss of key acquired personnel;
•
increased costs to improve or coordinate managerial, operational, financial, and administrative systems, including compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;
•
dilutive issuances of equity securities;
•
the assumption of legal liabilities; and
•
losses arising from impairment charges associated with goodwill or intangible assets.
Our charter and by-laws and Delaware law may deter takeovers.
Our certificate of incorporation, by-laws and Delaware law contain provisions that could have an anti-takeover effect and discourage, delay or prevent a change in control or an acquisition that many stockholders may find attractive. These provisions may also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for our stockholders to take some corporate actions, including the election of directors. These provisions relate to:
•
the ability of our Board of Directors to issue preferred stock, and determine its terms, without a stockholder vote;
•
the classification of our Board of Directors, which effectively prevents stockholders from electing a majority of the directors at any one annual meeting of stockholders;
•
the limitation that directors may be removed only for cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds of our shares of capital stock entitled to vote;
•
the prohibition against stockholder actions by written consent;
•
the inability of stockholders to call a special meeting of stockholders; and
•
advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and director nominations.

ITEM 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
None.


22

ITEM 2.
Properties
The following table provides information about our facilities as of December 31, 2013.
Location
 
Type
 
Principal Uses
 
Approximate
Square
Footage
 
Ownership
 
Lease
Expiration
Middletown, Rhode Island
 
Office
 
Corporate headquarters, research and development, sales and service, marketing and administration
 
75,000
 
Owned
 
—
Middletown, Rhode Island
 
Plant and warehouse
 
Manufacturing and warehousing (mobile communications products)
 
75,300
 
Owned
 
—
Tinley Park, Illinois
 
Plant and warehouse
 
Manufacturing, warehousing, research and development (guidance and stabilization products)
 
101,000
 
Owned
 
—
Kokkedal, Denmark
 
Office and warehouse
 
European headquarters, sales, marketing and support
 
11,000
 
Leased
 
May 2014
Horten, Norway
 
Office
 
Research and development, sales, marketing and support
 
4,400
 
Leased
 
December
2018
Singapore
 
Office
 
Asian headquarters, sales office
 
2,000
 
Leased
 
May 2014
Japan
 
Office
 
Japanese, sales office
 
600
 
Leased
 
July 2016
Leeds, UK
 
Office
 
Audio/video production, sales and support
 
2,700
 
Leased
 
April 2018
Liverpool, UK
 
Office
 
Maritime sales, news production, marketing and support
 
3,400
 
Leased
 
June 2023
Manila, Philippines
 
Office
 
News production
 
1,000
 
Leased
 
February 2014
Limassol, Cyprus
 
Office
 
Sales
 
600
 
Leased
 
Month-to-Month
Walport, New Jersey
 
Office
 
Video distribution
 
600
 
Leased
 
Month-to-Month

ITEM 3.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are involved in litigation incidental to the conduct of our business. In the ordinary course of business, we are a party to inquiries, legal proceedings and claims including, from time to time, disagreements with vendors and customers. We are not a party to any lawsuit or proceeding that, in management’s opinion, is likely to materially harm our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

ITEM 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.


23

PART II
ITEM 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information. Our common stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “KVHI”. The following table provides, for the periods indicated, the high and low sale prices for our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market.
 
High
 
Low
Year Ended December 31, 2013:
 
 
 
First quarter
$
15.00

 
$
11.98

Second quarter
13.89

 
12.11

Third quarter
14.62

 
12.66

Fourth quarter
14.27

 
12.71

Year Ended December 31, 2012:
 
 
 
First quarter
$
10.98

 
$
7.61

Second quarter
12.95

 
8.51

Third quarter
14.50

 
11.70

Fourth quarter
14.66

 
10.38

Stockholders. As of March 13, 2014, we had 89 holders of record of our common stock. This number does not include stockholders for whom shares were held in a nominee or “street” name.
Dividends. We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock, and we have no plan to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance our operations and future growth. In addition, the terms of our bank line of credit place restrictions on our ability to pay cash dividends on our common stock.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. On November 26, 2008, our Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to one million shares of our common stock. The repurchase program is funded using our existing cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and future cash flows. Under the repurchase program, at management’s discretion, we may repurchase shares on the open market from time to time, in privately negotiated transactions or block transactions, or through an accelerated repurchase agreement. The timing of such repurchases depends on availability of shares, price, market conditions, alternative uses of capital, and applicable regulatory requirements. The program may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time without prior notice. The repurchase program has no expiration date. There were no other repurchase programs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2013 and no repurchase programs expired during the period.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, we repurchased 457,667 shares of our common stock in open market transactions at a cost of $3.7 million. We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock in open market transactions during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.
During the year ended December 31, 2013, 60,699 vested restricted shares were surrendered in satisfaction of tax withholding obligations at an average price of $13.63 per share.

24

STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH
The following graph compares the performance of our cumulative stockholder return with that of the NASDAQ Composite Index, a broad equity market index, and the NASDAQ Telecommunications Index, a published industry index. The cumulative stockholder returns for shares of our common stock and for the market indices are calculated assuming $100 was invested on December 31, 2008. We paid no cash dividends during the periods shown. The performance of the market indices is shown on a total return (dividends reinvested) basis. Measurement points are the last trading days of the years ended December 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013.
 
Value of investments as of December 31,
 
2008
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
KVH Industries, Inc.
$
100

 
$
285

 
$
231

 
$
150

 
$
270

 
$
252

NASDAQ Composite
100

 
144

 
168

 
165

 
191

 
265

NASDAQ Telecommunications
100

 
148

 
154

 
135

 
137

 
170


ITEM 6.
Selected Financial Data
We have derived the following selected financial data from our audited consolidated financial statements. You should read this data in conjunction with “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
    
In September 2010, we acquired Virtek Communication for approximately $6.5 million. In May 2013, we acquired Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group) for approximately $24.2 million. See note 1 to our consolidated financial statements for a summary of significant accounting policies and the effects on the year-to-year comparability of the selected financial data.

25

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
(in thousands, except per share data)
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
$
90,295

 
$
90,677

 
$
85,136

 
$
92,059

 
$
75,191

Service
71,993

 
46,435

 
27,400

 
20,184

 
13,869

Net sales
162,288

 
137,112

 
112,536

 
112,243

 
89,060

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Costs of product sales
51,518

 
51,775

 
46,598

 
51,348

 
46,552

Costs of service sales
45,058

 
30,363

 
20,970

 
16,086

 
10,198

Research and development
12,987

 
12,147

 
11,548

 
10,715

 
8,805

Sales, marketing and support
28,792

 
24,069

 
23,473

 
18,469

 
16,316

General and administrative
17,764

 
12,188

 
10,555

 
10,084

 
7,832

Total costs and expenses
156,119

 
130,542

 
113,144

 
106,702

 
89,703

Income (loss) from operations
6,169

 
6,570

 
(608
)
 
5,541

 
(643
)
Interest income
657

 
510

 
297

 
301

 
358

Interest expense
637

 
323

 
223

 
204

 
89

Other income (expense)
494

 
86

 
910

 
23

 
(20
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
6,683

 
6,843

 
376

 
5,661

 
(394
)
Income tax expense (benefit)
2,150

 
3,263

 
(484
)
 
(2,612
)
 
(261
)
Net income (loss)
$
4,533

 
$
3,580

 
$
860

 
$
8,273

 
$
(133
)
Per share information:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) per common share, basic
0.30

 
0.24

 
0.06

 
0.57

 
(0.01
)
Net income (loss) per common share, diluted
0.30

 
0.24

 
0.06

 
0.56

 
(0.01
)
Number of shares used in per share calculation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
15,144

 
14,777

 
14,768

 
14,420

 
13,996

Diluted
15,341

 
15,019

 
15,072

 
14,850

 
13,996

 
December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
(in thousands)
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
$
55,744

 
$
38,285

 
$
30,570

 
$
37,307

 
$
41,304

Working capital
78,933

 
65,242

 
59,778

 
60,571

 
60,690

Total assets
183,849

 
137,568

 
128,556

 
115,198

 
97,746

Line of credit
30,000

 
7,000

 
9,000

 
—

 
—

Long-term debt, excluding current portion
7,094

 
3,414

 
3,553

 
3,684

 
3,807

Other long-term obligations
204

 
140

 
135

 
1,263

 
902

Total stockholders’ equity
116,467

 
105,704

 
96,668

 
96,303

 
81,600



26

ITEM 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the other financial information and consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this annual report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including those discussed under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this annual report.
Overview
We design, develop, manufacture and market mobile communications products for the marine, land mobile and aeronautical markets, and navigation, guidance and stabilization products for both the defense and commercial markets.
Our mobile communications products enable customers to receive voice and Internet services and live digital television via satellite services in marine vessels, recreational vehicles, buses and automobiles as well as live digital television on commercial airplanes while in motion. Our CommBox offers a range of tools designed to increase communication efficiency, reduce costs, and manage network operations. We sell our mobile communications products through an extensive international network of retailers, distributors and dealers. We also lease products directly to end users.
We offer precision fiber optic gyro (FOG)-based systems that enable platform and optical stabilization, navigation, pointing and guidance. Our guidance and stabilization products also include tactical navigation systems that provide uninterrupted access to navigation and pointing information in a variety of military vehicles, including tactical trucks and light armored vehicles. Our guidance and stabilization products are sold directly to U.S. and foreign governments and government contractors, as well as through an international network of authorized independent sales representatives. In addition, our guidance and stabilization products are used in numerous commercial products, such as navigation and positioning systems for various applications including precision mapping, dynamic surveying, autonomous vehicles, train location control and track geometry measurement systems, industrial robotics and optical stabilization.
Our mobile communications service sales include sales earned from satellite voice and Internet airtime services, engineering services provided under development contracts, sales from product repairs, and extended warranty sales. Our mobile communications services sales also include our distribution of commercially-licensed news, sports, music, movies and training video content to commercial and leisure customers in the maritime, hotel, and/or retail markets. We typically recognize revenue from media content sales ratably over the period of the service contract. We provide, for monthly fixed and usage fees, satellite connectivity services for broadband Internet, data and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service to our TracPhone V-series customers. We also earn monthly usage fees for third-party satellite connectivity for voice, data and Internet services to our Inmarsat and Iridium TracPhone customers who choose to activate their subscriptions with us. Our service sales have grown as a percentage of total revenue from 24% of our net sales in 2011 to 34% in 2012 to 44% in 2013.
Our guidance and stabilization service sales include engineering services provided under development contracts, product repairs and extended warranty sales.
We generate sales primarily from the sale of our mobile communications systems and services and our guidance and stabilization products and services. The following table provides, for the periods indicated, our sales by industry category:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
(in thousands)
Mobile communications
$
108,151

 
$
87,685

 
$
70,202

Guidance and stabilization
54,137

 
49,427

 
42,334

Net sales
$
162,288

 
$
137,112

 
$
112,536

Net sales to SANG accounted for approximately 12% of our net sales for the year ended December 31, 2013, driven by a TACNAV related order received in 2012 for which the majority of the deliverables were completed in 2013. Net sales to General Dynamics Land Systems—Canada (General Dynamics) accounted for approximately 11% of our net sales for the year ended December 31, 2011, and less than 10% of our net sales for each of the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The decrease in net sales to General Dynamics from 2011 to 2012 was primarily driven by the timing of deliverables in fulfillment of a large TACNAV related order. The terms and conditions of sales to SANG and General Dynamics are consistent with our standard terms and conditions of product sales as discussed in note 1 of our consolidated financial statements. The SANG receivable balance was current as of December 31, 2013 and the outstanding receivable

27

balance as of that date has been paid as of the date of this report. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of our net sales for each of the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
We have historically derived a substantial portion of our revenue from sales to customers located outside the United States and Canada. The following table provides, for the periods indicated, sales to specified geographic regions:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
(in thousands)
Originating from the Americas locations
 
 
 
 
 
United States
$
86,621

 
$
71,489

 
$
62,748

Canada
14,272

 
11,513

 
17,518

Europe
7,876

 
12,210

 
8,315

Other
28,610

 
22,202

 
7,143

Total Americas
137,379

 
117,414

 
95,724

Originating from European and Asian locations
 
 
 
 
 
United States
1,099

 
—

 
—

Canada
39

 
—

 
—

Europe
18,571

 
15,255

 
13,244

Other
5,200

 
4,443

 
3,568

Total Europe and Asia
24,909

 
19,698

 
16,812

Net sales
$
162,288

 
$
137,112

 
$
112,536

See note 13 to our consolidated financial statements for more information on our geographic segments.
In addition to our internally funded research and development efforts, we also conduct research and development activities that are funded by our customers. These activities relate primarily to engineering studies, surveys, prototype development, program management and standard product customization. In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, we account for customer-funded research as service revenue, and we account for the associated research and development costs as costs of service and product sales. As a result, customer-funded research and development are not included in the research and development expense that we present in our statement of operations. The following table presents our total annual research and development effort, representing the sum of research costs of service and product sales and the operating expense of research and development as described in our statement of operations. Our management believes this information is useful because it provides a better understanding of our total expenditures on research and development activities.
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
(in thousands)
Research and development expense presented on the statement of operations
$
12,987

 
$
12,147

 
$
11,548

Costs of customer-funded research and development included in costs of service sales
2,387

 
3,424

 
412

Total consolidated statements of operations expenditures on research and development activities
$
15,374

 
$
15,571

 
$
11,960



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Results of Operations
The following table provides, for the periods indicated, certain financial data expressed as a percentage of net sales:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
Sales:
 
 
 
 
 
Product
55.6
%
 
66.1
%
 
75.6
 %
Service
44.4

 
33.9

 
24.4

Net sales
100.0

 
100.0

 
100.0

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
Costs of product sales
31.7

 
37.8

 
41.4

Costs of service sales
27.8

 
22.1

 
18.6

Research and development
8.0

 
8.9

 
10.2

Sales, marketing and support
17.7

 
17.6

 
20.9

General and administrative
11.0

 
8.9

 
9.4

Total costs and expenses
96.2

 
95.3

 
100.5

Income (loss) from operations
3.8

 
4.7

 
(0.5
)
Interest income
0.4

 
0.3

 
0.3

Interest expense
0.4

 
0.2

 
0.2

Other income
0.3

 
0.1

 
0.8

Income before income taxes
4.1

 
4.9

 
0.4

Income tax expense (benefit)
1.3

 
2.4

 
(0.4
)
Net income
2.8
%
 
2.5
%
 
0.8
 %
Years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012
Net Sales
Product sales decreased in 2013 by $0.4 million, or less than 1%, to $90.3 million from $90.7 million in 2012. The primary reason for the decrease in 2013 was a decrease in sales of our mobile communications products to $47.0 million, or 2%. The decrease was primarily due to a $1.2 million, or 25%, decrease in sales of our land mobile products. The decrease in our land mobile products was primarily a result of decreased sales to original equipment manufacturers in the recreational vehicle market. Sales of marine products in 2013 were consistent with 2012. Sales of our TracPhone V11 product, which was released in the fourth quarter of 2012, increased as did our TracPhone V7 sales in the Americas. Partially offsetting these increases in marine product sales was decreased sales of our TracPhone V7 product in Asia and Europe. We remain cautious about the prospects for our marine product sales, specifically in Europe and Asia, as a result of ongoing challenges in the global economy. However, we expect our mini-VSAT product sales will continue to grow year-over-year.
Mobile communications product sales originating from our European and Asian subsidiaries decreased $3.3 million, or 18%, in 2013 as compared to 2012. Mobile communications product sales originating from the Americas increased $2.1 million, or 7%, in 2013 as compared to 2012.
Offsetting the decrease in mobile communications product sales was an increase of $0.8 million, or 2%, in sales of guidance and stabilization products. Specifically, sales of our FOG products increased $1.1 million, or 5%, primarily due to increased demand for commercial applications. Partially offsetting the increase in FOG products was decreased sales from the U.S. Army’s Common Remotely Operated Weapon Stations (CROWS) III Program. Sales of our TACNAV defense products decreased $0.6 million, or 3%, primarily as a result of decreased product sales related to our SANG contract, the largest contract in our history. The SANG contract contributed $9.8 million and $11.4 million to our product sales in 2013 and 2012, respectively, and we completed delivery of products under the SANG contract in the second quarter of 2013.
We expect that our TACNAV product sales will decrease year-over-year, primarily due to the completion of the SANG product order discussed above. Although we expect that TACNAV sales will continue to grow over the long term, sales on a quarter-to-quarter or year-to-year basis could continue to be very uneven. We also expect that our FOG sales will modestly

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increase year-over-year, primarily due to increased demand for new commercial applications, which is anticipated to be partially offset by reduced FOG demand for the U.S. Army’s CROWS III program.
Service sales increased in 2013 by $25.6 million, or 55%, to $72.0 million from $46.4 million in 2012. The primary reason for the increase was a $12.2 million increase in airtime sales for our mini-VSAT Broadband service. Also contributing to the increase were $8.8 million in new media services sales arising from our acquisition of Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group) in May 2013, and a $4.8 million increase in contracted engineering services driven by construction and program management services provided in connection with the SANG contract. We expect that our mini-VSAT services sales will continue to grow year-over-year primarily from increased TracPhone V11 and V7 activations, an overall increase in our mini-VSAT Broadband customer base, and from the introduction of new value-added services to our mini-VSAT Broadband customers such as IP-MobileCast, which is expected to begin generating service revenue in 2014. We also expect that our contracted engineering services will significantly decrease year-over-year driven by the anticipated completion of the SANG project management services in the first quarter of 2014.
Costs of Sales
Our costs of product sales consist primarily of materials, manufacturing overhead and direct labor used to produce our products. Costs of product sales in 2013 decreased by $0.3 million, or less than 1%, to $51.5 million from $51.8 million in 2012, consistent with the decrease in product sales discussed above.
Our costs of service sales consist primarily of satellite service capacity, depreciation and service network overhead expense associated with our mini-VSAT Broadband network infrastructure, direct network service labor, engineering and related direct costs associated with customer-funded research and development, media materials and distribution costs, service repair material, Inmarsat service costs, as well as product installation costs. Costs of service sales increased by $14.7 million, or 48%, to $45.1 million in 2013 from $30.4 million in 2012. The primary reason for the increase was a $6.2 million increase in airtime costs of service sales for our mini-VSAT Broadband service. Also contributing to the increase was a $5.8 million increase in engineering services costs of sales due primarily to the services provided in connection with the SANG contract discussed above, and a $2.5 million increase in costs of service sales from media services arising from our new KVH Media Group business.
Gross margin from product sales remained consistent at 43% in 2013 and 2012. We anticipate that the gross margin from product sales in 2014 will be consistent with 2013.
Gross margin from service sales increased to 37% in 2013 from 35% in 2012. The increase in our gross margin from service sales was primarily attributable to the service gross margin contributed from our new KVH Media Group business. Also contributing to the gross margin increase was an increase in gross margin for mini-VSAT Broadband service sales to 35% from 31% in the year-ago period. Partially offsetting the increase in gross margin for mini-VSAT broadband service was a significant decrease in gross margin for contracted engineering services as a result of the facility construction, installation and project management services in Saudi Arabia, as these services had a gross margin of approximately 10%.
We anticipate that the gross margin percentage for contracted engineering services will continue to remain at the fourth quarter 2013 level in the first quarter of 2014 before returning closer to historical levels for the remainder of the year, as a result of the anticipated completion of the lower gross margin installation and program management services portion of the SANG contract in the first quarter of 2014.

Although we expect that mini-VSAT Broadband service revenue will continue to increase year-over-year, we do not anticipate the same year-over-year increase in gross margin percentage achieved in 2013. We anticipate that the favorable impact to our mini-VSAT Broadband service margin that we expect to achieve from increased TracPhone V11 and V7 activations, as well as an overall increase in our mini-VSAT Broadband customer base will be partially offset by the additional service costs of introducing new value-added services to our mini-VSAT Broadband customers such as IP-MobileCast in 2014.
Operating Expenses
Sales, marketing and support expense consists primarily of salaries and related expenses for sales and marketing personnel, commissions for both in-house and third-party representatives, other sales and marketing support costs such as advertising, literature and promotional materials, product service personnel and support costs, warranty-related costs and bad debt expense. Sales, marketing and support expense also includes the entire operating expenses of our subsidiaries in Denmark, Singapore, Brazil and Japan. Sales, marketing and support expense in 2013 increased by $4.7 million, or 20%, to $28.8 million from $24.1 million in 2012. The primary reasons for the increase in 2013 were a $2.7 million increase in sales, marketing and

30

support expense related to our new KVH Media Group business, and our Danish and Japanese subsidiaries, and a $1.0 million increase in warranty expense predominantly associated with our mini-VSAT products.
Also contributing to the increase was a $0.8 million increase in U.S.-based compensation for sales, marketing and support, a $0.5 million increase in bad debt expense mainly related to airtime sales for our mini-VSAT Broadband service , a $0.3 million increase in variable sales expense primarily as a result of the sales relating to the SANG contract and related facility construction, and a $0.2 million increase in demonstration equipment expense. Partially offsetting these increases was a $0.5 million insurance recovery related to misappropriated funds identified at our Danish subsidiary, and a $0.2 million decrease in sales, marketing and support expense related to our Norwegian subsidiary. As a percentage of net sales, sales, marketing and support expense was 18% in 2013, which was consistent with 2012.
We expect that our sales, marketing and support expenses will continue to increase year-over-year, driven by the additional expenses for our new KVH Media Group business and the introduction of new value-added services to our mini-VSAT Broadband customers such as IP-MobileCast.
Research and development expense consists of direct labor, materials, external consultants and related overhead costs that support our internally funded product development and product sustaining engineering activities. Research and development costs are generally expensed as incurred. Research and development expense in 2013 increased by $0.9 million, or 7%, to $13.0 million from $12.1 million in 2012. The primary reason for the increase in 2013 expense was a $0.6 million increase in U.S.-based compensation for research and development personnel driven by the development of our new IP-MobileCast content delivery service. As a percentage of net sales, research and development expense decreased to 8% in 2013 from 9% in 2012.
We expect research and development expense will continue to increase year-over-year due to the continued development efforts associated with the introduction of new value-added services to our mini-VSAT Broadband customers such as IP-MobileCast, as well as new FOG products.
General and administrative expense consists of costs attributable to management, finance and accounting, information technology, human resources, certain outside professional services and other administrative costs. General and administrative expense in 2013 increased by $5.6 million, or 46%, to $17.8 million from $12.2 million in 2012. The primary reason for the increase in 2013 was a $3.9 million increase in general and administrative expense relating to our new KVH Media Group business, and $0.9 million in transaction expenses related to that acquisition. Also contributing to the increase was a $0.5 million increase in U.S.-based employee compensation, and a $0.2 million increase in legal expense. As a percentage of net sales, general and administrative expense increased to 11% in 2013 from 9% in 2012.
We expect general and administrative expense to increase year-over-year, driven primarily by additional expenses for our new KVH Media Group business.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense decreased by $1.1 million to $2.2 million in 2013 from $3.3 million in 2012. The decrease in income tax expense is primarily due an income tax benefit from the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which extended the research and development tax credit for two years to December 31, 2013. As a result of the retroactive extension, a discrete income tax benefit of $0.4 million was recognized in 2013 for qualifying research and development amounts incurred in 2012, and an income tax benefit of $0.4 million was recognized for qualifying research and development amounts incurred in 2013. In 2012, we also recognized a discrete income tax expense of $0.2 million associated with tax shortfalls for non-qualified stock options expirations and shortfalls associated with restricted stock awards vesting. We estimate our effective tax rate for 2014 to be approximately 40%, subject to the effect of unforeseen discrete tax events such as stock option exercise activity and changes in forecasted expectations for pre-tax income.
Years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011
Net Sales
Product sales increased in 2012 by $5.5 million, or 7%, to $90.7 million from $85.1 million in 2011. The primary reason for the increase in 2012 was an increase in sales of our mobile communications products of $4.3 million, or 10%. The increase was primarily due to an increase in sales of our marine products of $5.7 million, or 15%, driven primarily by increased demand for our TracPhone V7 and TracPhone V3 products, as well as our new HD11 and TracPhone V11 products that were released in first quarter of 2012 and the fourth quarter of 2012, respectively. Also contributing to the marine products increase was increased sales of our HD7 product. Partially offsetting this increase was a decrease in land mobile products of $1.3 million, or

31

20%. The decrease in our land mobile products was primarily a result of decreased sales to original equipment manufacturers in the recreational vehicle market.
Mobile communications product sales originating from the Americas increased $2.2 million, or 8%, in 2012 as compared to 2011. Mobile communications product sales originating from our European and Asian subsidiaries increased $2.1 million, or 13%, in 2012 as compared to 2011.
Also contributing to the increase in product sales was an increase of $1.3 million, or 3%, in sales of guidance and stabilization products. Specifically, sales of our TACNAV defense products increased $1.0 million, or 5%, primarily as a result of product sales related to the previously announced SANG contract. Also contributing to the increase in sales of our guidance and stabilization products was an increase in sales of our FOG products of $0.7 million, or 3%.
Service sales increased in 2012 by $19.0 million, or 69%, to $46.4 million from $27.4 million in 2011. The primary reason for the increase was a $12.6 million increase in airtime sales for our mini-VSAT Broadband service. Also contributing to the increase was a $4.4 million increase in contracted engineering services driven primarily by the SANG order and a separate TACNAV-related development effort, as well as contracted aviation antenna services, and a $1.9 million increase in service repair sales.
Costs of Sales
Costs of product sales in 2012 increased by $5.2 million, or 11%, to $51.8 million from $46.6 million in 2011. The primary reason for the increase in costs of product sales was the increase in sales of our mobile communications products discussed above.
Costs of service sales increased by $9.4 million, or 45%, to $30.4 million in 2012 from $21.0 million in 2011. The primary reason for the increase was a $5.3 million increase in airtime costs of sales for our mini-VSAT Broadband service. Also contributing to the increase was a $3.0 million increase in engineering services costs of sales due primarily to the services provided in connection with the SANG contract as well as a $0.9 million increase in cost of service repair sales.
Gross margin from product sales decreased in 2012 to 43% from 45% in 2011. The decrease in our gross margin from product sales was primarily due to the increase in mobile communications product sales discussed above, which generally have lower margins than our TACNAV defense products.
Gross margin from service sales increased in 2012 to 35% from 23% in 2011. The increase in our gross margin from service sales was primarily due to the increase in gross margin for mini-VSAT Broadband service sales, which increased in 2012 to 31% from 15% in 2011. Partially offsetting the increase in gross margin for the mini-VSAT Broadband service sales was a decrease in gross margin for contracted engineering services as a result of facility construction services and project management services in Saudi Arabia, as these services under the SANG contract had a gross margin of approximately 10%. The contract value for the services portion of the SANG TACNAV order remaining to be performed as of January 1, 2013 is approximately $11.0 million.
Operating Expenses
Sales, marketing and support expense in 2012 increased by $0.6 million, or 3%, to $24.1 million from $23.5 million in 2011. The primary reasons for the increase in 2012 were a $0.8 million increase in sales, marketing and support expense related to our Danish and Singaporean subsidiaries driven by the international expansion of our sales channel presence for the mini-VSAT Broadband satellite communication service, and a $0.4 million increase in variable sales expense primarily as a result of the sales related to the SANG TACNAV order and related facility construction that commenced in the third quarter of 2012. Also contributing to the increase was a $0.2 million increase in bad debt expense, a $0.2 million increase in trade show expenses, and a $0.2 million increase in demonstration equipment. Partially offsetting these increases was a $0.4 million decrease in U.S.-based compensation for sales, marketing and support, a $0.4 million decrease in warranty expense, a $0.2 million total decrease in marketing literature and cooperative advertising, and a $0.2 million decrease in Norwegian-based compensation for sales, marketing and support. As a percentage of net sales, sales, marketing and support expense decreased in 2012 to 18% from 21% in 2011.
Research and development expense in 2012 increased by $0.6 million, or 5%, to $12.1 million from $11.5 million in 2011. The primary reason for the increase in 2012 was a $0.5 million increase in U.S.-based employee compensation. Also contributing to the increase was a $0.2 million increase in research and development expense related to our Norwegian subsidiary. As a percentage of net sales, research and development expense decreased in 2012 to 9% from 10% in 2011.

32

General and administrative expense in 2012 increased by $1.6 million, or 15%, to $12.2 million from $10.6 million in 2011. The primary reason for the increase in 2012 was a $0.9 million increase in U.S.-based employee compensation. Also contributing to the increase was a $0.8 million increase in facility expenditures, a $0.2 million increase in equipment lease expense and software maintenance expense, and a $0.1 million increase in recruiting expense. Partially offsetting these increases was a $0.5 million decrease in legal expense. As a percentage of net sales, general and administrative expense was 9% in 2012, which was consistent with 2011.
Interest and Other Income, Net
Interest and other income, net decreased by $0.7 million to $0.3 million in 2012 from $1.0 million in 2011. The primary reason for the decrease was a $0.8 million net benefit in other income in September 2011 resulting from reaching agreement with LiveTV regarding the termination of our original antenna development and production agreement.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense increased by $3.7 million to $3.3 million as compared to an income tax benefit of $0.5 million in 2011. The increase in income tax expense is primarily due to a $6.5 million increase in pre-tax income. Also, in 2011 we completed the construction of our new Rhode Island production facility, and as a result we had fewer Rhode Island state investment tax credits in 2012. Further, Congress did not pass the 2012 federal research and development tax credit until January 2013, which reduced our federal research and development tax credits for 2012. Instead, these credits were treated as a discrete tax event that was accounted for in the first quarter of 2013. Partially offsetting this tax expense was a reduction in income tax expense associated with windfalls for non-qualified stock option exercises and restricted stock award vesting.
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure at the date of our financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are summarized in note 1 to our consolidated financial statements. The significant accounting policies that we believe are the most critical in understanding and evaluating our reported financial results include the following:
Revenue Recognition
Product sales. Product sales are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, goods are shipped, title has passed and collectability is reasonably assured. Our standard sales terms require that:
•
All sales are final;
•
Terms are generally Net 30;
•
Shipments are tendered and shipped FOB (or as may be applicable, FCA or EXW) our plant or warehouse; and
•
Title and risk of loss or damage passes to the dealer or distributor at the point of shipment when delivery is made to the possession of the carrier.
For certain guidance and stabilization product sales, customer acceptance or inspection may be required before title and risk of loss transfers to the customer. For those sales, revenue is recognized after transfer of title and risk of loss and after notification of customer acceptance.
Under certain limited conditions, we, at our sole discretion, provide for the return of goods. No product is accepted for return and no credit is allowed on any returned product unless we have granted and confirmed prior written permission by means of appropriate authorization. We establish reserves for potential sales returns, credits and allowances, and evaluate, on a monthly basis, the adequacy of those reserves based upon historical experience and our expectations for the future.
Multiple-element revenue arrangements. Some of our sales involve multiple-element arrangements that include both hardware-related products and contracted service, or satellite connectivity. We analyze revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables to determine if the deliverables should be divided into more than one unit of accounting. For contracts with more than one unit of accounting, we allocate the consideration we receive among the separate units of accounting based on a selling price hierarchy for determining the selling price of each deliverable, which includes: (1) vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) if available; (2) third-party evidence (TPE) if VSOE is not available; and (3) best estimated selling price (BESP), if

33

neither VSOE nor TPE is available. Best estimate selling price is determined based on prices of the deliverables if sold on a stand-alone basis, or if not sold on a stand-alone basis, the prices we would charge if sold on a stand-alone basis. We recognize revenue for each deliverable based on the revenue recognition policies described in this section.
We have accounted for our $35.6 million contract received in June 2012 from SANG to purchase TACNAV defense products and services as a multiple-element arrangement. The total contract value associated with TACNAV defense products is $21.2 million, for which the final shipments were completed in the second quarter of 2013. The total contract value associated with all services is $14.4 million, which are estimated to continue into the first quarter of 2014. The contract value for the services portion of the SANG TACNAV order remaining to be performed as of December 31, 2013 is approximately $1.3 million. The revenue for these services is recognized using the percentage of completion accounting method. Total revenue recognized on the SANG contract in 2013 was approximately $19.6 million.
Contracted service sales. We also have contracts for development, production and services activities that are recognized primarily under the percentage of completion method of revenue recognition. The use of contract accounting requires significant judgment relative to estimating total contract revenues and costs, including assumptions relative to the length of time to complete the contract, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, and prices for subcontractor services and materials. Our estimates are based upon the professional knowledge and experience of our engineers, program managers and other personnel, who review each long-term contract monthly to assess the contract's schedule, performance, technical matters and estimated cost at completion. A cancellation, schedule delay, or modification of a fixed-price contract which is accounted for using the percentage of completion method may adversely affect our gross margins for the period in which the contract is modified. Changes in estimates are applied when adjustments in estimated contract costs are identified, such revisions may result in current period adjustments to earnings applicable to performance in prior periods.
Satellite connectivity and media content sales. Directly sold and re-sold satellite connectivity service for voice, data and Internet is recognized monthly based upon minutes or megabytes of traffic processed or contracted fixed fee schedules. Typically, all subscribers enter into a contracted one-year minimum service agreement. We record all satellite connectivity service sales to subscribers as gross sales, as we are the primary obligor in the contracted service arrangement. All associated regulatory service fees and costs are recorded net in our consolidated financial statements. Media content sales include our distribution of premium licensed news, sports, movies and music content for commercial and leisure customers in the maritime, hotel, and retail markets as well as training videos to the merchant marine market that are typically based on a contracted fixed fee schedule. We typically recognize revenue from media content sales ratably over the period of the service contract. The accounting estimates related to the recognition of satellite connectivity and media content service sales in our results of operations require us to make assumptions about future billing adjustments for disputes with subscribers as well as unauthorized usage.
Accounts Receivable Allowance
Our estimate of allowance for doubtful accounts related to trade receivables is primarily based on specific and historical criteria. We evaluate specific accounts where we have information that the customer may have an inability to meet its financial obligations. We make judgments, based on facts and circumstances, regarding the need to record a specific reserve for that customer against amounts owed to reduce the receivable to the amount that we expect to collect. We also provide for a reserve based on an aging analysis of our accounts receivable. We evaluate these reserves on a monthly basis and adjust them as we receive additional information that impacts the amount reserved. If circumstances change, we could change our estimates of the recoverability of amounts owed to us by a material amount. For example, our bad debt expense increased $0.5 million in 2013 from 2012, driven by bad debt expense associated with airtime sales for our mini-VSAT Broadband service.
We wrote off approximately $0.5 million, $0.2 million and $0.2 million of our accounts receivable in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. These write-offs were driven largely by the financial deterioration of several airtime and lease customers as well as several mobile communications product distributors. The current economic downturn could continue to adversely impact the financial condition of our customers, which could result in additional write-offs and increases in our allowance for doubtful accounts and have a negative impact on our results of operations.
Inventories
Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or market. We generally must order components for our products and build inventory in advance of product shipments. We regularly review current quantities on hand, actual and projected sales volumes and anticipated selling prices on products and write down, as appropriate, slow-moving and/or obsolete inventory to its net realizable value. In 2013, 2012 and 2011, we wrote off approximately $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of fully reserved inventory. However, if we overestimate projected sales or anticipated selling prices, our inventory might be overstocked or overvalued, and we would have to reduce our inventory valuation accordingly.

34

Accounting for Income Taxes
As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate our provision for income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This involves estimating our actual current tax exposure, including assessing the risks associated with tax audits, together with assessing temporary differences resulting from the different treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities. We assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and record a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets to an amount that, in our judgment, is more likely than not to be recovered.
Management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance is based on our estimates of future taxable income and the period over which we expect the deferred tax assets to be recovered. Our assessment of future taxable income is based on historical experience and current and anticipated market and economic conditions and trends. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or we adjust our estimates in the future, we may need to adjust our valuation allowance, which could materially impact our consolidated financial position and results of operations. At December 31, 2013, we had valuation allowances of $2.7 million to offset gross deferred tax assets of $10.8 million.
Warranty Provision
We typically offer a one to two year warranty for all of our base products. We provide for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time product revenue is recognized. Factors that affect our warranty reserves include the number of units sold, historical and anticipated rates of warranty repairs and the cost per repair. While we engage in extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of our component suppliers, our estimated warranty obligation is affected by ongoing product failure rates, specific product class failures outside our baseline experience, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. If actual product failure rates, material usage or service delivery costs differ from our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. For example, our warranty expense increased $1.0 million in 2013 from 2012, driven primarily by warranty expense associated with our mini-VSAT products.
Assumptions and historical warranty experience are evaluated to determine the appropriateness of such assumptions. We assess the adequacy of the warranty provision on a quarterly basis and we adjust this provision when necessary.
Stock-Based Compensation
Our stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period.
We use the Black-Scholes valuation model for estimating the fair value on the date of grant of compensatory stock options. Determining the fair value of stock option awards at the grant date requires judgment regarding certain valuation assumptions, including the volatility of our stock price, expected term of the option, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. Changes in these assumptions and estimates could result in different fair values and could therefore impact our earnings. These changes would not impact our cash flows. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based upon our stock price on the grant date.
The amount of stock-based compensation expense recorded in any period for unvested awards requires estimates of the amount of stock-based awards that are expected to be forfeited prior to vesting.
Compensation costs for awards subject only to service conditions that vest ratably are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill is tested at least annually for impairment. If an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, the Company will perform an interim test at that time. The impairment test begins by allocating goodwill to its reporting unit. Goodwill is then tested using a two step process that begins with an estimation of the fair value of the reporting unit using an income approach, which looks to the present value of expected future cash flows. The impairment test is performed through the application of a two-step process. The first step is a screen for potential impairment by comparing the carrying value of the Company’s reporting units to their estimated fair values as of the test date. The estimated cash flows are calculated using an income approach. If fair value is less than carrying value, a second step is performed to quantify the amount of the impairment, if any.

35

Intangible assets with estimated lives and other long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of intangible assets with estimated lives and other long-lived assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If these comparisons indicate that an asset is not recoverable, we will recognize an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the related estimated fair value. Estimated fair value is based on either discounted future operating cash flows or appraised values, depending on the nature of the asset.
Considerable judgment is required to estimate discounted future operating cash flows. Judgment is also required in determining whether an event has occurred that may impair the value of goodwill or identifiable intangible or other long-lived assets. Factors that could indicate an impairment may exist include significant underperformance relative to plan or long-term projections, changes in business strategy, significant negative industry or economic trends, a significant change in circumstances relative to a large customer, a significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period and a decline in our market capitalization to below net book value. We must make assumptions about future cash flows, future operating plans, discount rates and other factors in our models and valuation reports. To the extent these future projections and estimates change, the estimated amounts of impairment could differ from current estimates. Our annual testing for impairment of goodwill is completed as of August 31 of each year. As of August 31, 2013, the Company performed its annual impairment test for goodwill at the reporting unit level and, after conducting the first step, determined that it was not necessary to conduct the second step as it concluded that the fair value of its reporting units substantially exceeded their carrying value. Accordingly, the Company determined no adjustment to goodwill was necessary. There were no indicators of potential goodwill, intangible asset, or other long-lived asset impairment noted as of December 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2013, the Company has goodwill of $18.3 million and intangible assets of $15.0 million, which are associated with the purchase of Virtek Communication in September 2010 and Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group) in May 2013.
Contingencies
We are subject to ongoing business risks arising in the ordinary course of business. An estimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that a liability has been incurred or an asset has been impaired and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We regularly evaluate current information available to determine whether such amounts should be adjusted and record changes in estimates in the period they become known. We reserve for legal contingencies and legal fees when the amounts are probable and reasonably estimable. At December 31, 2013, we have not recorded any material loss contingencies.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have historically funded our operations primarily from cash flows from operations, net proceeds from public and private equity offerings, bank financings and proceeds received from exercises of stock options. As of December 31, 2013, we had $55.7 million in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, of which $4.3 million in cash equivalents were held in a local currency by our foreign subsidiaries. There were no marketable securities held by our foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2013, we had $78.9 million in working capital.

Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operations for 2013 was $16.3 million as compared to net cash provided by operations of $15.1 million for 2012. The $1.2 million increase is primarily due to an increase in cash inflows attributable to accounts receivable of $3.5 million, a $1.3 million decrease in prepaid and other assets, a $1.0 million increase in net income, a $0.7 million increase in cash inflows related to deferred revenue. Partially offsetting the increase in cash inflows are a $4.4 million increase in cash outflows as a result of increased inventory levels, and a $0.3 million increase in cash outflows related to accrued expenses and accounts payable.
Net cash provided by operations for 2012 was $15.1 million as compared to net cash provided by operations of $1.9 million for 2011. The increase is primarily due to a $6.3 million decrease in cash outflows as a result of decreased inventory levels, a $5.2 million increase in cash inflows attributable to accounts receivable, as well as a $2.7 million increase in net income, which reflected a $2.8 million reduction in non-cash benefits related to deferred income taxes . Also contributing to the increase was a decrease in cash outflows of approximately $1.7 million related to accrued expenses and a $1.1 million decrease in cash outflows related to other long-term liabilities. Partially offsetting the increase in cash inflows is an increase in cash outflows of $2.6 million related to other non-current assets and a $2.5 million decrease in cash inflows related to deferred revenue. In addition, there was an increase in cash outflows of $1.3 million related to accounts payables and a $0.9 million increase in cash outflows related to prepaid expenses and other current assets.

36

Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities for 2013 was $44.7 million as compared to net cash used in investing activities of $12.3 million for 2012. The $32.4 million increase in cash outflows is primarily due to the net cash paid for the acquisition of Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group) of $22.9 million, and a $11.3 million increase in our net investment in marketable securities. Partially offsetting the increase in cash outflows is a decrease in capital expenditures of approximately $1.8 million.
Net cash used in investing activities for 2012 was $12.3 million as compared to net cash used in investing activities of $7.6 million for 2011. The increase in cash outflows is due to a $12.3 million increase in our net investment in marketable securities. Partially offsetting the increase in cash outflows is a decrease in capital expenditures of approximately $7.6 million, which in 2011 included expenditures relating to the construction of our new manufacturing facility in Middletown, Rhode Island.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities for 2013 was $29.3 million as compared to net cash used in financing activities of $0.9 million for 2012. The $30.2 million increase in cash provided by financing activities is primarily due to $23.0 million in borrowings from our line of credit used to finance the majority of the acquisition cost of Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group) in May 2013, and $5.8 million in borrowings on long-term debt associated with the equipment security notes that we entered into in January and December 2013. Also contributing to the increase was a $2.0 million reduction in payments on our line of credit and a $0.8 million increase in proceeds from exercises of stock options and purchases under our employee stock purchase plan. Partially offsetting this increase was a $1.0 million increase in repayments of long-term debt, as well as a $0.5 million increase in payments related to employee restricted stock withholdings.
Net cash used in financing activities for 2012 was $0.9 million as compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $5.5 million for 2011. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities is primarily the result of repayments on our line of credit of $2.0 million in 2012, in comparison to $9.0 million in borrowings under our line of credit in 2011, which were used to finance the construction of our new manufacturing facility in Middletown, Rhode Island. Partially offsetting this decrease was a $3.7 million decrease in common stock repurchases, a $0.6 million increase in proceeds from exercises of stock options and purchases of shares under our employee stock purchase plan, as well as a $0.3 million decrease in payments related to employee restricted stock withholdings.
Borrowing Arrangements
On April 6, 2009, we entered into a mortgage loan in the amount of $4.0 million related to our headquarters facility in Middletown, Rhode Island. The loan term is 10 years, with a principal amortization of 20 years, and the interest rate will be a rate per year adjusted periodically based on a defined interest period equal to the BBA LIBOR Rate plus 2.25 percentage points. On June 9, 2011, we entered into an amendment to the mortgage loan, providing for an adjustment of the interest rate from the BBA LIBOR Rate plus 2.25 percentage points to the BBA LIBOR Rate plus 2.00 points. Land, building and improvements with an approximate carrying value of approximately $5.0 million as of December 31, 2013 secure the mortgage loan. The monthly mortgage payment is approximately $11,000, plus interest and increases in increments of $1,000 each year throughout the life of the mortgage. Due to the difference in the term of the loan and amortization of the principal, a balloon payment of $2.6 million is due on April 1, 2019. The loan contains one financial covenant, a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, which applies in the event that our consolidated cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balance falls below $25.0 million at any time. As our consolidated cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balance was above $25.0 million throughout 2013, the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio did not apply. Under the mortgage loan we may prepay our outstanding loan balance subject to certain early termination charges as defined in the mortgage loan agreement. If we were to default on our mortgage loan, the land, building and improvements would be used as collateral. As discussed in note 16 to the consolidated financial statements, effective April 1, 2010, in order to reduce the volatility of cash outflows that arise from changes in interest rates, we entered into two interest rate swap agreements that are intended to hedge our mortgage interest obligations by fixing the interest rates specified in the mortgage loan to 5.9% for half of the principal amount outstanding and 6.1% for the remaining half of the principal amount outstanding as of April 1, 2010 until the mortgage loan expires on April 16, 2019.
On May 9, 2013, we amended our revolving loan agreement with a bank to increase our line of credit from $15.0 million to $30.0 million. The revolving loan, as amended, no longer permits us to convert revolving loans into term loans. We pay interest on any outstanding amounts at a rate equal to the BBA LIBOR Daily Floating Rate plus 1.25%. The line of credit contains two financial covenants, a Liquidity Covenant, which requires us to maintain at least $20.0 million in unencumbered liquid assets, as defined in the loan agreement, and a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. As of December 31, 2013, we were not in default of either covenant. We may terminate the loan agreement prior to its full term without penalty, provided we give 30

37

days' advance written notice to the bank. Effective December 31, 2013, we further amended our revolving loan agreement with the bank to extend the maturity date from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2015.
On May 11, 2013, we acquired Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately £15.5 million ($24.0 million at the exchange rate of £1.00: $1.5517 on May 11, 2013). The purchase price was subject to a potential post-closing adjustment based on the value of the net assets delivered at the closing. In July 2013, the Company paid approximately $0.2 million related to the post-closing purchase price adjustments.
In connection with the acquisition of Headland Media Limited, we borrowed $23.0 million under our line of credit to pay substantially all of the purchase price for the acquisition. Our obligation to repay the loan could be accelerated upon a default or event of default under the terms of the revolving loan agreement, including certain failures to pay principal or interest when due, certain breaches of representations and warranties, the failure to comply with our affirmative and negative covenants under the loan agreement, a change of control, certain defaults in payment relating to other indebtedness, the acceleration of payment of certain other indebtedness, certain events relating to our liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy, insolvency or receivership, the entry of certain judgments against us, certain events relating to the impairment of collateral or the bank’s security interest therein, and any other material adverse change.
As of December 31, 2013, we had $30.0 million outstanding under the revolving loan agreement, all of which we must repay on or before December 31, 2015. The monthly interest payments are presently approximately $36,000, subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement.
Other Matters
It is our intent to continue to invest in the mini-VSAT Broadband network on a global basis in cooperation with ViaSat under the terms of a 10-year agreement announced in July 2008. As part of the future potential capacity expansion, we would plan to seek to acquire additional satellite capacity from satellite operators, expend funds to seek regulatory approvals and permits, develop product enhancements in anticipation of the expansion, and hire additional personnel. In addition, in December 2011, we entered into a five-year agreement to lease C-band satellite capacity from a satellite operator, effective February 1, 2012, and in 2012 we also purchased three satellite hubs to support this C-band service. The total cost of the five-year satellite capacity agreement, the satellite hubs, and teleport services is approximately $12.2 million, of which approximately $2.7 million related to the total cost of the three hubs. On January 30, 2013, we borrowed $4.7 million from a bank and pledged as collateral six satellite hubs and related equipment, including the three hubs purchased in 2012. The term of the equipment loan is five years, and the loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 2.76% per annum. The monthly payment is approximately $83,000, including interest expense. On December 30, 2013, we borrowed $1.2 million from a bank and pledged as collateral one satellite hub and related equipment. The term of the equipment loan is five years, and the loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.08% per annum. The monthly payment is approximately $21,000, including interest expense.
On November 26, 2008, our Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to one million shares of our common stock. The share repurchase program is funded using our existing cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and future cash flows. As of December 31, 2013, 341,009 shares of our common stock remain available for repurchase under the program. We did not purchase any shares of our common stock in 2013.
We believe that the $55.7 million we hold in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, together with our other existing working capital and cash flows from operations, will be adequate to meet planned operating and capital requirements through at least the next twelve months. However, as the need or opportunity arises, we may seek to raise additional capital through public or private sales of securities or through additional debt financing. There are no assurances that we will be able to obtain any additional funding or that such funding will be available on terms acceptable to us.
Contractual Obligations and Other Commercial Commitments
As of December 31, 2013, our contractual commitments consisted of satellite service capacity, near-term purchase commitments, line of credit borrowings, a mortgage note payable, equipment notes payable, and equipment and facility leases. Our purchase commitments include unconditional purchase orders for inventory, manufacturing materials and fixed assets extending out over various periods throughout 2014. We are also obligated under satellite service capacity leases and multi-year facility leases that terminate at various times between 2014 and 2018.

38

The following table summarizes our obligations under these commitments, excluding interest, at December 31, 2013:
 
 
Payment Due by Period
Contractual Obligations
 
Total
 
Less than
1 Year
 
1-3 Years
 
3-5 Years
 
More than
5 Years
 
 
(in thousands)
Satellite service capacity and equipment lease obligations
 
$
23,162

 
$
10,685

 
$
9,364

 
$
3,113

 
$
—

Inventory and fixed asset purchase commitments
 
16,094

 
16,094

 
—

 
—

 
—

Line of credit borrowings
 
30,000

 
—

 
30,000

 
—

 
—

Mortgage note payable
 
3,414

 
146

 
317

 
354

 
2,597

Equipment note payable
 
4,952

 
1,126

 
2,351

 
1,475

 
—

Facility lease obligations
 
1,252

 
241

 
359

 
311

 
341

Total
 
$
78,874

 
$
28,292

 
$
42,391

 
$
5,253

 
$
2,938

We did not have any off-balance sheet commitments, guarantees or standby repurchase obligations as of December 31, 2013.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See note 1 of our accompanying audited consolidated financial statements for a description of recently issued accounting pronouncements including the dates of adoption and effects on our results of operations, financial position and disclosures.

ITEM 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
Our primary market risk exposures are interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk.
We are exposed to changes in interest rates because we finance certain operations through fixed and variable rate debt instruments.
We have $30.0 million in borrowings outstanding under our variable-rate credit facility at December 31, 2013, at an interest rate equal to the BBA LIBOR Daily Floating Rate plus 1.25%.
As discussed in note 16 to the consolidated financial statements, effective April 1, 2010, in order to reduce the volatility of cash outflows that arise from changes in interest rates, we entered into two interest rate swap agreements. These interest rate swap agreements are intended to hedge our mortgage loan related to our headquarters facility in Middletown, Rhode Island by fixing the interest rates specified in the mortgage loan to 5.9% for half of the principal amount outstanding and 6.1% for the remaining half of the principal amount outstanding as of April 1, 2010 until the mortgage loan expires on April 16, 2019.
We are exposed to currency exchange rate fluctuations related to our subsidiary operations in Denmark, the United Kingdom, Norway, Brazil, Singapore, Belgium, the Netherlands, Cyprus, and Japan. Certain transactions in these locations are made in the local currency, yet are reported in the U.S. dollar, the functional currency. For foreign currency exposures existing at December 31, 2013, a 10% unfavorable movement in the foreign exchange rates for our subsidiary locations would not expose us to material losses in earnings or cash flows.
From time to time, we purchase foreign currency forward contracts generally having durations of no more than five months. These forward contracts are intended to offset the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on cash flows of our foreign subsidiaries. Foreign exchange contracts are accounted for as cash flow hedges and are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value until executed. Changes in the fair value are recognized in earnings. We did not enter into any such contracts during 2012 or 2013. However, we did inherit cash flow hedges from our acquisition of Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group) in May 2013. We do not currently anticipate that we will enter into similar agreements once the existing agreements expire by the end of 2014.
The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal and maintain liquidity, while at the same time maximize income. We have not entered into any instruments for trading purposes. Some of the securities that we invest in may have market risk. To minimize this risk, we maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents and short-term investments in a variety of securities that can include government agency bonds, money market mutual funds, corporate notes, and certificates of deposit. As of December 31, 2013, a hypothetical 100 basis-point increase in interest rates would result in an immaterial decrease in the fair value of our investments that have maturities of greater than one year. Due to the conservative nature of our

39

investments and the relatively short duration of their maturities, we believe interest rate risk is substantially mitigated. As of December 31, 2013, 67% of the $46.4 million classified as available-for-sale marketable securities will mature or reset within one year. Accordingly, long-term interest rate risk is not considered material. We did not invest in any financial instruments denominated in foreign currencies as of December 31, 2013.
ITEM 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Our consolidated financial statements and supplementary data, together with the report of KPMG LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, are included in Part IV of this annual report.

ITEM 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.


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ITEM 9A.
Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, or CEO, and Chief Financial and Accounting Officer, or CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our CEO and CFO, our management has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2013, the end of the period covered by this annual report. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2013.
Background
In March 2013, our management identified that the most senior member of our accounting staff at our Danish subsidiary had engaged in a fraudulent scheme to misappropriate assets from us over a period of at least three years. The scheme included fraudulent wire transfers to a personal bank account, fraudulent documentation, forged signatures and use of a corporate credit card for personal expenses. For the three years ended December 31, 2013, the aggregate amount of misappropriated funds in any year ranged from approximately $118,000 to $250,000. We recovered these losses in 2013 through our insurance policies.
In March 2013, management's assessment of our internal control over financial reporting identified the following control deficiencies at our Danish subsidiary as of December 31, 2012:
•
override of access controls over banking security devices and personal identification numbers enabling the unauthorized execution of wire transfers;
•
ineffective review controls over the supporting documentation by the subsidiary country general manager over expenditures and expenses; and
•
override of review controls designed to address the accuracy and approval of manual journal entries at the Danish subsidiary.
Management concluded that these control deficiencies constituted a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, which meant that there was a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements would not be prevented or detected in a timely manner.
Following the identification of the material weakness, management implemented a remediation plan that included the following steps:
•
termination of the employment of the individual involved and reassignment of his duties to a controller for our Danish subsidiary;
•
implementation of a new corporate-level control to review manual journal entries of foreign subsidiaries;
•
implementation of new controls regarding the physical safekeeping of banking security devices and personal identification numbers, which are designed to prevent one person from gaining access to two devices and personal identification numbers required to execute wire transfers;
•
reviewing the design and operation of our process level and transaction level controls at our foreign subsidiaries in relation to cash management and manual journal entry review and approvals; and
•
conducting training sessions at our Danish subsidiary to reinforce control consciousness.

These steps were completed and successfully tested as of December 31, 2013. On that basis, management concluded that the control deficiencies had been remediated as of December 31, 2013.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is the process designed by and under the supervision of our CEO and CFO to provide

41

reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external reporting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Management has evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework and criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (1992), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
Under the supervision and with the participation of our CEO and CFO, our management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013 and concluded that it is effective.
Management excluded from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting Headland Media Limited and its subsidiaries (now known as the KVH Media Group) which were acquired in May 2013. The aggregated total assets and revenues of the KVH Media Group represent 19% (including approximately 15% of total assets related to goodwill and intangible assets that were included within the scope of its assessment) and 5%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Our independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, has issued a report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, and that report is included in Part IV of this annual report.
Evaluation of Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Under the supervision and with the participation of our CEO and CFO, our management has evaluated changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2013. Based on that evaluation, other than the remediation of the material weakness discussed above, our CEO and CFO did not identify any other changes in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Important Considerations
The effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting is subject to various inherent limitations, including cost limitations, judgments used in decision making, assumptions about the likelihood of future events, the soundness of our systems, the possibility of human error, and the risk of fraud. Moreover, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions and the risk that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate over time. Because of these limitations, there can be no assurance that any system of disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting will be successful in preventing all errors or fraud or in making all material information known in a timely manner to the appropriate levels of management.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
KVH Industries, Inc.:
We have audited KVH Industries, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). KVH Industries, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets

42

of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, KVH Industries, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
KVH Industries, Inc. acquired Headland Media Limited and its subsidiaries (now known as the KVH Media Group) on May 11, 2013, and management excluded from its assessment of the effectiveness of KVH Industries, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, the KVH Media Group’s internal control over financial reporting. The aggregated total assets and total revenues of the KVH Media Group represent 19% (including approximately 15% of total assets related to goodwill and intangible assets that were included within the scope of its assessment) and 5%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of KVH Industries, Inc. also excluded an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of KVH Media Group.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of KVH Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2013, and our report dated March 17, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
/s/    KPMG LLP
 
Providence, Rhode Island
March 17, 2014

ITEM 9B.
Other Information
None.


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PART III
We have omitted the information required in Part III of this annual report because we intend to include that information in our definitive proxy statement for our 2014 annual meeting of stockholders, which we expect to file before 120 days after the end of fiscal 2013. We incorporate the information required in Part III of this annual report by reference to our 2014 proxy statement.

ITEM 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Except as set forth below, the information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our 2014 proxy statement.
Our Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our directors, executive officers and employees. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics can be found on our website, which is located at www.kvh.com. We intend to make all required disclosures concerning any amendments to or waivers from, our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics on our website. Any person may request a copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, at no cost, by writing to us at the following address: KVH Industries, Inc., 50 Enterprise Center, Middletown, Rhode Island, 02842, Attention: Investor Relations.

ITEM 11.
Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our 2014 proxy statement.

ITEM 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our 2014 proxy statement.

ITEM 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our 2014 proxy statement.

ITEM 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our 2014 proxy statement.


44

PART IV
ITEM 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules


45

Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
Filed with
this Form
10-K
 
Incorporated by Reference
 
Form
 
Filing Date
 
Exhibit No.
2.1

 
Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 11, 2013 by and among KVH Industries, Inc., Oakley Capital Private Equity L.P. and the other parties thereto
 
 
 
8-K
 
May 14, 2013
 
2.1

3.1

 
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended
 
 
 
10-Q
 
August 6,
2010
 
3.1

3.2

 
Amended, Restated and Corrected Bylaws of KVH Industries, Inc.
 
 
 
8-K
 
July 31, 2007
 
3

4.1

 
Specimen certificate for the common stock
 
 
 
S-1/A
 
March 22,
1996
 
4.1

*10.1

 
Amended and Restated 1996 Incentive and Nonqualified Stock Option Plan
 
 
 
8-K
 
July 31, 2007
 
10.3

*10.2

 
Amended and Restated 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
 
 
 
8-K
 
June 2, 2010
 
10.2

*10.3

 
Second Amended and Restated 2003 Incentive and Nonqualified Stock Option Plan
 
 
 
10-Q
 
May 6, 2009
 
10.21

*10.4

 
Third Amended and Restated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan
 
 
 
8-K
 
June 2, 2010
 
10.1

*10.5

 
Form of Nonqualified Stock Option agreement granted under the Second Amended and Restated 2003 Incentive and Nonqualified Stock Option Plan
 
 
 
10-K
 
March 15,
2005
 
10.14

*10.6

 
Form of Incentive Stock Option agreement granted under the Second Amended and Restated 2003 Incentive and Nonqualified Stock Option Plan
 
 
 
10-K
 
March 15,
2005
 
10.15

*10.7

 
Form of Incentive Stock Option agreement granted under the Third Amended and Restated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan
 
 
 
8-K
 
August 28,
2006
 
10.1

*10.8

 
Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option agreement granted under the Third Amended and Restated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan
 
 
 
8-K
 
August 28,
2006
 
10.2

*10.9

 
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement granted under the Third Amended and Restated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan
 
 
 
8-K
 
August 16,
2007
 
10.1

*10.10

 
Policy Regarding Automatic Grants to Non-Employee Directors
 
 
 
10-Q
 
May 6, 2009
 
10.23

10.11

 
Amended and Restated Credit and Security Agreement dated July 17, 2003 with Fleet Capital Corporation
 
 
 
8-K
 
July 18, 2003
 
99.1

10.12

 
Assignment and Assumption and Amendment and Note Modification Agreement, dated July 17, 2006 by and among KVH Industries, Inc., Banc of America Leasing & Capital, LLC (successor-by-merger to Fleet Capital Corporation) (“assignor”), and Bank of America, N.A. (successor-by-merger to Fleet National Bank) (“assignee”)
 
 
 
8-K
 
July 20, 2006
 
10.1

10.13

 
Second Amendment and Note Modification Agreement, dated December 28, 2006 by and among KVH Industries, Inc., and Bank of America, N.A.
 
 
 
8-K
 
January 3,
2007
 
10.1

10.14

 
Third Amendment and Note Modification Agreement, dated August 20, 2007 by and among KVH Industries, Inc., and Bank of America, N.A.
 
 
 
10-K
 
March 8,
2010
 
 
10.15

 
Fourth Amendment and Note Modification Agreement, dated December 31, 2008 by and among KVH Industries, Inc., and Bank of America, N.A.
 
 
 
8-K
 
January 2,
2009
 
10.1

10.16

 
Fifth Amendment and Note Modification Agreement, dated June 9, 2011 by and between KVH Industries, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A.
 
 
 
8-K
 
June 14,
2011
 
10.1


46

Exhibit No.
Description
 
Filed with
this Form
10-K
 
Incorporated by Reference
 
Form
 
Filing Date
 
Exhibit No.
10.17

Sixth Amendment, dated March 1, 2012 by and between KVH Industries, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A.
 
 
 
8-K
 
March 6,
2012
 
10.1

10.18

Seventh Amendment, dated September 17, 2012 by and between KVH Industries, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A.
 
 
 
8-K
 
September 19, 2012
 
10.1

10.19

Eighth Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated as of May 9, 2013, by and between KVH Industries, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A.
 
 
 
8-K
 
May 14, 2013
 
—

10.20

Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Note, dated as of May 9, 2013, by and between KVH Industries, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A.
 
 
 
8-K
 
May 14, 2013
 
—

10.21

Ninth Amendment and Note Modification Agreement, dated as of December 31, 2013, by and between KVH Industries, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A.
 
 
 
8-K
 
January 13, 2014
 
—

10.22

Loan Agreement dated April 6, 2009 by and among KVH Industries, Inc., and Bank of America, N.A.
 
 
 
8-K
 
April 8,
2009
 
10.1

10.23

Second Amendment, dated June 9, 2011 by and between KVH Industries, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., amending the Loan Agreement, dated April 6, 2009, as amended
 
 
 
8-K
 
June 14,
2011
 
10.2

10.24

Master Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of January 30, 2013 by and between KVH Industries, Inc. and Banc of America Leasing & Capital, LLC
 
 
 
8-K
 
February 5, 2013
 
10.1

10.25

Equipment Security Note, dated as of January 30, 2013 by and between KVH Industries, Inc. and Banc of America Leasing & Capital, LLC
 
 
 
8-K
 
February 5, 2013
 
10.2

21.1

List of Subsidiaries
 
X
 
 
 
 
 
 
23.1

Consent of KPMG LLP
 
X
 
 
 
 
 
 
31.1

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certification of principal executive officer
 
X
 
 
 
 
 
 
31.2

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certification of principal financial officer
 
X
 
 
 
 
 
 
32.1

Rule 1350 certification
 
X
 
 
 
 
 
 
**101.1

Interactive Data File regarding (a) our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, (b) our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, (c) our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, (d) our Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, (e) our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 and (e) the Notes to such Consolidated Financial Statements
 
X
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
Management contract or compensatory plan.
**
Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files included as Exhibit 101.1 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections


47

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 
KVH Industries, Inc.
 
 
 
Date: March 17, 2014
By:
/S/    MARTIN A. KITS VAN HEYNINGEN
 
 
Martin A. Kits van Heyningen
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Name
  
Title
 
Date
 
 
 
 
 
/S/    MARTIN A. KITS  VAN HEYNINGEN
  
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive Officer)
 
March 17, 2014
Martin A. Kits van Heyningen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/S/    PETER RENDALL
  
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
 
March 17, 2014
Peter Rendall
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/S/    ROBERT W.B. KITS VAN HEYNINGEN
  
Director
 
March 17, 2014
Robert W.B. Kits van Heyningen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/S/    MARK S. AIN
  
Director
 
March 17, 2014
Mark S. Ain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/S/    STANLEY K. HONEY
  
Director
 
March 17, 2014
Stanley K. Honey
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/S/    BRUCE J. RYAN
  
Director
 
March 17, 2014
Bruce J. Ryan
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/S/    CHARLES R. TRIMBLE
  
Director
 
March 17, 2014
Charles R. Trimble
 
 
 
 

48

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
KVH Industries, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of KVH Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2013. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated March 17, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/    KPMG LLP
Providence, Rhode Island
March 17, 2014

49

KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
 
December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
9,358

 
$
8,978

Marketable securities
46,386

 
29,307

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,705 as of December 31, 2013 and $929 as of December 31, 2012
27,549

 
27,654

Inventories
18,255

 
16,203

Prepaid expenses and other assets
3,784

 
3,264

Deferred income taxes
3,060

 
1,146

Total current assets
108,392

 
86,552

Property and equipment, less accumulated depreciation of $36,456 as of December 31, 2013 and $31,657 as of December 31, 2012
37,142

 
36,733

Intangible assets, less accumulated amortization of $2,005 as of December 31, 2013 and $826 as of December 31, 2012
14,987

 
1,684

Goodwill
18,281

 
4,712

Other non-current assets
5,047

 
4,363

Deferred income taxes
—

 
3,524

Total assets
$
183,849

 
$
137,568

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
8,876

 
$
7,086

Accrued compensation and employee-related expenses
5,859

 
6,785

Accrued other
7,325

 
4,595

Accrued product warranty costs
1,269

 
814

Deferred revenue
4,858

 
1,892

Current portion of long-term debt
1,272

 
138

Total current liabilities
29,459

 
21,310

Deferred income taxes
625

 
—

Other long-term liabilities
204

 
140

Line of credit
30,000

 
7,000

Long-term debt, excluding current portion
7,094

 
3,414

Total liabilities
67,382

 
31,864

Commitments and contingencies (notes 1, 5, 6 and 17)

 

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value. Authorized 1,000,000 shares; none issued
—

 
—

Common stock, $0.01 par value. Authorized 30,000,000 shares, 16,936,128 and 16,563,836 shares issued; 15,277,137 and 14,904,845 shares outstanding at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively
169

 
166

Additional paid-in capital
117,147

 
111,514

Accumulated earnings
11,840

 
7,307

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
461

 
(133
)
 
129,617

 
118,854

Less: treasury stock at cost, common stock, 1,658,991 shares as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively
(13,150
)
 
(13,150
)
Total stockholders’ equity
116,467

 
105,704

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
183,849

 
$
137,568


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
50

KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
Sales:
 
 
 
 
 
Product
$
90,295

 
$
90,677

 
$
85,136

Service
71,993

 
46,435

 
27,400

Net sales
162,288

 
137,112

 
112,536

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
Costs of product sales
51,518

 
51,775

 
46,598

Costs of service sales
45,058

 
30,363

 
20,970

Research and development
12,987

 
12,147

 
11,548

Sales, marketing and support
28,792

 
24,069

 
23,473

General and administrative
17,764

 
12,188

 
10,555

Total costs and expenses
156,119

 
130,542

 
113,144

Income (loss) from operations
6,169

 
6,570

 
(608
)
Interest income
657

 
510

 
297

Interest expense
637

 
323

 
223

Other income
494

 
86

 
910

Income before income tax expense (benefit)
6,683

 
6,843

 
376

Income tax expense (benefit)
2,150

 
3,263

 
(484
)
Net income
$
4,533

 
$
3,580

 
$
860

Per share information:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income per share, basic
$
0.30

 
$
0.24

 
$
0.06

Net income per share, diluted
$
0.30

 
$
0.24

 
$
0.06

Number of shares used in per share calculation:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
15,144

 
14,777

 
14,768

Diluted
15,341

 
15,019

 
15,072



See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
51

KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
Net income
$
4,533

 
$
3,580

 
$
860

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized loss on marketable securities
(4
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
388

 
562

 
(415
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments
210

 
(31
)
 
(267
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
594

 
530

 
(683
)
Total comprehensive income
$
5,127

 
$
4,110

 
$
177



See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
52

KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Accumulated Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Balance at December 31, 2010
14,689

 
$
159

 
$
102,728

 
$
2,867

 
$
20

 
$
(9,471
)
 
$
96,303

Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
860

 
—

 
—

 
860

Other comprehensive loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(683
)
 
—

 
(683
)
Stock-based compensation
—

 
—

 
3,541

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,541

Registration fees
—

 
—

 
(10
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(10
)
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options
 
 
 
 
19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19

Common stock issued under benefit plan
39

 
—

 
289

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
289

Acquisition of treasury stock
(458
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,679
)
 
(3,679
)
Payment of restricted stock tax withholdings
(47
)
 
—

 
(624
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(624
)
Exercise of stock options, vesting of restricted stock awards
325

 
3

 
649

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
652

Balance at December 31, 2011
14,548

 
$
162

 
$
106,592

 
$
3,727

 
$
(663
)
 
$
(13,150
)
 
$
96,668

Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,580

 
—

 
—

 
3,580

Other comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
530

 
—

 
530

Stock-based compensation
—

 
—

 
3,679

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,679

Tax benefit from exercise of stock options
—

 
—

 
619

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
619

Common stock issued under benefit plan
27

 
—

 
271

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
271

Acquisition of treasury stock
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
—

 
—

Payment of restricted stock tax withholdings
(34
)
 
—

 
(333
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(333
)
Exercise of stock options, vesting of restricted stock awards
364

 
4

 
686

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
690

Balance at December 31, 2012
14,905

 
$
166

 
$
111,514

 
$
7,307

 
$
(133
)
 
$
(13,150
)
 
$
105,704

Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,533

 
—

 
—

 
4,533

Other comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
594

 
—

 
594

Stock-based compensation
—

 
—

 
4,124

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,124

Tax benefit from exercise of stock options
—

 
—

 
694

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
694

Common stock issued under benefit plan
27

 
—

 
308

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
308

Payment of restricted stock tax withholdings
(61
)
 
(1
)
 
(833
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(834
)
Exercise of stock options, vesting of restricted stock awards
406

 
4

 
1,340

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,344

Balance at December 31, 2013
15,277

 
$
169

 
$
117,147

 
$
11,840

 
$
461

 
$
(13,150
)
 
$
116,467


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
53

KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
4,533

 
$
3,580

 
$
860

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for doubtful accounts
1,305

 
536

 
276

Depreciation and amortization
5,994

 
4,610

 
4,374

Deferred income taxes
(713
)
 
2,046

 
(737
)
(Gain) loss on derivatives instruments
(222
)
 
128

 
131

Compensation expense related to stock-based awards and employee stock purchase plan
4,124

 
3,679

 
3,533

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
1,229

 
(2,231
)
 
(7,438
)
Inventories
(1,967
)
 
2,420

 
(3,851
)
Prepaid expenses and other assets
619

 
(716
)
 
164

Other non-current assets
(675
)
 
(558
)
 
2,028

Accounts payable
1,196

 
943

 
2,223

Deferred revenue
(124
)
 
(785
)
 
1,684

Accrued expenses
891

 
1,401

 
(253
)
Other long-term liabilities
65

 
4

 
(1,127
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
16,255

 
$
15,057

 
$
1,867

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
(4,720
)
 
(6,504
)
 
(14,064
)
Net cash paid for business acquired
(22,944
)
 
—

 
—

Purchases of marketable securities
(41,950
)
 
(21,945
)
 
(49,541
)
Maturities and sales of marketable securities
24,867

 
16,190

 
56,053

Net cash used in investing activities
$
(44,747
)
 
$
(12,259
)
 
$
(7,552
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Repayments of long-term debt
(1,030
)
 
(131
)
 
(124
)
Borrowings from long-term debt
5,844

 
—

 
—

Proceeds from stock options exercised and employee stock purchase plan
2,344

 
1,578

 
942

Repurchase of common stock
—

 
—

 
(3,679
)
Payment of employee restricted stock withholdings
(828
)
 
(332
)
 
(625
)
Repayments of line of credit borrowings
—

 
(2,000
)
 
—

Proceeds from line of credit borrowings
23,000

 
—

 
9,000

Payment of stock registration fee
(5
)
 
—

 
(10
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
29,325

 
(885
)
 
5,504

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(453
)
 
48

 
(43
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
380

 
1,961

 
(224
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
8,978

 
7,017

 
7,241

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
9,358

 
$
8,978

 
$
7,017

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest
$
601

 
$
201

 
$
267

Cash paid for income taxes
$
1,248

 
$
323

 
$
58

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing activity:
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in accrued liabilities related to fixed asset additions
$
—

 
$
435

 
$
945


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
54

KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
(1)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a)
Description of Business
KVH Industries, Inc. (the Company or KVH) designs, develops, manufactures and markets mobile communications products for the marine, land mobile and aeronautical markets, and navigation, guidance and stabilization products for both the defense and commercial markets.
KVH’s mobile communications products enable customers to receive voice and Internet services, and live digital television via satellite services in marine vessels, recreational vehicles, buses and automobiles as well as live digital television on commercial airplanes while in motion. KVH’s CommBox offers a range of tools designed to increase communication efficiency, reduce costs, and manage network operations. KVH sells its mobile communications products through an extensive international network of retailers, distributors and dealers. KVH also leases products directly to end users.
KVH offers precision fiber optic gyro (FOG)-based systems that enable platform and optical stabilization, navigation, pointing and guidance. KVH’s guidance and stabilization products also include tactical navigation systems that provide uninterrupted access to navigation and pointing information in a variety of military vehicles, including tactical trucks and light armored vehicles. KVH’s guidance and stabilization products are sold directly to U.S. and foreign governments and government contractors, as well as through an international network of authorized independent sales representatives. In addition, KVH's guidance and stabilization products are used in numerous commercial products, such as navigation and positioning systems for various applications including precision mapping, dynamic surveying, autonomous vehicles, train location control and track geometry measurement systems, industrial robotics and optical stabilization.
KVH’s mobile communications service sales include sales earned from satellite voice and Internet airtime services, engineering services provided under development contracts, sales from product repairs, and extended warranty sales. Mobile communications services sales also include our distribution of commercially-licensed news, sports, music, movies and training video content to commercial and leisure customers in the maritime, hotel, and/or retail markets through the KVH Media Group (acquired as Headland Media Limited), the media and entertainment service company that KVH acquired on May 11, 2013. KVH provides, for monthly fixed and usage fees, satellite connectivity sales from broadband Internet, data and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service to its TracPhone V7 customers. KVH also earns monthly usage fees for third-party satellite connectivity for voice, data and Internet services to its Inmarsat and Iridium TracPhone customers who choose to activate their subscriptions with KVH.
KVH’s guidance and stabilization service sales include product repairs, engineering services provided under development contracts and extended warranty sales.
(b)
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of KVH Industries, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, KVH Industries AS, KVH Industries Pte. Ltd., KVH Industries Brasil Comunicacao Por Satelite Ltda., KVH Industries Japan Co. Ltd., KVH Industries Norway AS, KVH Industries UK Ltd., and KVH Media Group Ltd. (collectively, KVH or the Company), have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. KVH Media Group Ltd. is comprised of wholly-owned subsidiaries, KVH Media Group Services Ltd., KVH Media Group Entertainment Ltd., KVH Media Group Communication Ltd., KVH Media Group International Ltd., KVH Media Group Ltd., Good Morning News Sprl., KVH Media Group ApS, KVH Media Group Communication, Inc., KVH Media Group, Inc., Rigstream B.V., and Bamboo Option Ltd. (collectively, KVH Media Group). The Company has evaluated all subsequent events through the date of this filing. Given that KVH Industries AS, KVH Industries Pte. Ltd., KVH Industries Japan Co. Ltd., and KVH Industries Brasil Comunicacao Por Satelite Ltda. operate as the Company’s European, Singaporean, Japanese and Brazilian international distributors, all of their operating expenses are reflected within sales, marketing and support within the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. KVH Industries Norway AS, a subsidiary of KVH Industries AS develops and distributes middleware software solutions known as CommBox technology, and the KVH Media Group distributes premium licensed news, sports, movies and music content for commercial and leisure customers in the maritime, hotel, and retail markets. Both KVH Industries Norway AS and the KVH Media Group are included in the Company’s mobile communications products and services. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

55
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

(c)
Significant Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of sales and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions by management affect the Company’s revenue recognition, valuation of accounts receivable, valuation of inventory, assumptions used to determine fair value of goodwill and intangible assets, deferred tax assets and related valuation allowance, stock-based compensation, warranty and accounting for contingencies.
Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances.
The Company has accounted for its $35,600 contract received in June 2012 from SANG to purchase TACNAV products and services under ASC 605-25, Multiple-Element Arrangements. See section (e) of this note for estimates and assumptions related to multiple-element-arrangements and completed contract sales accounting.
The total contract value associated with TACNAV products is $21,200, for which final shipments were completed in the second quarter of 2013. Revenue was recognized for these product sales after transfer of title and risk of loss after inspection occurred. The total contract value associated with all services is $14,400, which are estimated to continue into the first quarter of 2014. The contract value for the services portion of the SANG TACNAV order remaining to be performed as of December 31, 2013 is approximately $1,300. The revenue for these services is recognized using the percentage of completion accounting method. The Company limits the amount of revenue recognized for delivered elements to the amount that is not contingent on the future delivery of products or services, future performance obligations, or subject to customer-specific return or refund privileges. Total revenue recognized on the SANG contract in 2013 was approximately $19,600.
(d)
Concentration of Credit Risk and Single Source Suppliers
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. The Company is potentially subject to financial instrument concentration of credit risk through its cash, cash equivalent and marketable securities investments. To mitigate these risks the Company maintains cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities with reputable and nationally recognized financial institutions. As of December 31, 2013, $46,386 classified as marketable securities was held by Wells Fargo and substantially all of the cash and cash equivalents were held by Bank of America, N.A. See note 2 for a description of marketable securities.
Trade accounts receivable. Concentrations of risk (see note 12) with respect to trade accounts receivable are generally limited due to the large number of customers and their dispersion across several geographic areas. Although the Company does not foresee credit risk associated with these receivables to deviate from historical experience, repayment is dependent upon the financial stability of those individual customers. The Company establishes allowances for potential bad debts and evaluates, on a monthly basis, the adequacy of those reserves based upon historical experience and its expectations for future collectability concerns. Activity within the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts for the periods presented is as follows:
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
Beginning balance
$
929

 
$
623

 
$
592

Additions to sales allowance and bad debt expense
1,305

 
536

 
276

Deductions (write-offs/recoveries) from reserve
(529
)
 
(230
)
 
(245
)
Ending balance
$
1,705

 
$
929

 
$
623

Certain components from third parties used in the Company’s products are procured from single sources of supply. The failure of a supplier, including a subcontractor, to deliver on schedule could delay or interrupt the Company’s delivery of products and thereby materially adversely affect the Company’s revenues and operating results.

56
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

(e)
Revenue Recognition
Product sales. Product sales are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, goods are shipped, title has passed and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company’s standard sales terms require that:
•
All sales are final;
•
Terms are generally Net 30;
•
Shipments are tendered and shipped FOB (or as may be applicable, FCA, or EXW) the Company’s plant or warehouse; and
•
Title and risk of loss or damage passes to the dealer or distributor at the point of shipment when delivery is made to the possession of the carrier.
For certain guidance and stabilization product sales, customer acceptance or inspection may be required before title and risk of loss transfers. For those sales, revenue is recognized after transfer of title and risk of loss and after notification of customer acceptance.
Under certain limited conditions, the Company, at its sole discretion, provides for the return of goods. No product is accepted for return and no credit is allowed on any returned product unless the Company has granted and confirmed prior written permission by means of appropriate authorization. The Company establishes reserves for potential sales returns, credits, and allowances, and evaluates, on a monthly basis, the adequacy of those reserves based upon historical experience and expectations for the future.
Multiple-element revenue arrangements. Some of our sales involve multiple-element arrangements that include both hardware-related products and contracted service, or satellite connectivity that are accounted under ASC 605-25, Multiple-Element Arrangements.
Multiple elements, arrangement consideration is allocated to each element based on the relative selling prices of all of the elements in the arrangement using the fair value hierarchy as required by “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements,” (Accounting Standards Update “ASU” 2009-13). The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2009-13 as of January 1, 2010. ASU 2009-13 requires the Company establish VSOE of fair value based upon the price charged when the same element is sold separately or established by management having the relevant pricing authority. When VSOE exists it is used to determine the selling price of a deliverable. When VSOE is not established, the Company attempts to establish the selling price of each element based on TPE. When the Company is unable to establish selling price using VSOE or TPE, the Company uses BESP in the allocation of arrangement consideration for the relevant deliverables. The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which the Company would transact a sale if a product or service was sold on a stand-alone basis. The Company determines BESP for our products and certain services by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, overall market conditions, including geographic or regional-specific market factors and profit objectives for such deliverables.
Each deliverable within the Company's multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements is accounted for as a separate unit of accounting under the guidance of ASU 2009-13 if both of the following criteria are met: the delivered item or items have value to the customer on a standalone basis; and for an arrangement that includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in the control of the Company. The Company considers a deliverable to have standalone value if the item is sold separately by the Company or another vendor or if the item could be resold by the customer. Further, the Company's revenue arrangements generally do not include a general right of return relative to delivered products.
Deliverables not meeting the criteria for being a separate unit of accounting are combined with a deliverable that does meet that criterion. The appropriate allocation of arrangement consideration and recognition of revenue is then determined for the combined unit of accounting.
Satellite connectivity and media content sales. Directly sold and re-sold satellite connectivity service for voice, data and Internet is recognized monthly based upon minutes or megabytes of traffic processed or contracted fixed fee schedules. Typically, all subscribers enter into a contracted one-year minimum service agreement. The Company records all satellite connectivity service sales to subscribers as gross sales, as the Company is the the primary obligor in the contracted service arrangement. All associated regulatory service fees and costs are recorded net in the consolidated financial statements. Media content sales include the Company's distribution of premium licensed news, sports, movies and music content for commercial

57
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

and leisure customers in the maritime, hotel, and retail markets as well as training videos to the merchant marine market that are typically based on a contracted fixed fee schedule. The Company typically recognizes revenue from media content sales ratably over the period of the service contract. The accounting estimates related to the recognition of satellite connectivity and media content service sales in results of operations requires the Company to make assumptions about future billing adjustments for disputes with subscribers as well as unauthorized usage.
Lease financing. Lease financing consists of sales-type leases primarily of the TracPhone V7. The Company records the leases at a price typically equivalent to normal selling price and in excess of the cost or carrying amount. Upon delivery, the Company records the present value of all payments under these leases as revenues, and the related costs of the product are charged to cost of sales. Interest income is recognized throughout the lease term (typically 3 years) using an implicit interest rate. Through December 31, 2013, lease sales have not been a significant portion of the Company’s total sales.
Contracted service sales. The Company engages in contracts for development, production and services activities which it accounts for consistent with FASB ASC 605-35, Accounting for Performance of Construction-Type and Certain Production-Type Contracts, and other relevant revenue recognition accounting literature. The Company considers the nature of these contracts and the types of products and services provided when determining the proper accounting for a particular contract. Customer and government-agency contracted engineering service and grant sales under development contracts are recognized primarily under the percentage of completion method during the period in which the Company performs the service or development efforts in accordance with the agreement. Services performed under these types of contracts include engineering studies, surveys, building construction, prototype development and program management. Performance is determined principally by comparing the accumulated costs incurred to date with management’s estimate of the total cost to complete the contracted work. The Company establishes billing terms at the time project deliverables and milestones are agreed. Unbilled revenue recognized in excess of the amounts invoiced to clients are classified within the accompanying consolidated balance sheets in the caption “prepaid expenses and other assets.”
Sales related to customer contracts that call for standard product modification or enhancement are recognized upon the complete delivery and title transfer of all customer-approved products. Costs of contracts in progress are accumulated within the accompanying consolidated balance sheets in the caption “prepaid expenses and other assets” and relieved upon product delivery or when billed.
The use of contract accounting requires significant judgment relative to estimating total contract revenues and costs, including assumptions relative to the length of time to complete the contract, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, and prices for subcontractor services and materials. The risk to the Company on a fixed-price contract is that if estimates to complete the contract change from one period to the next, profit levels will vary from period to period. The Company's estimates are based upon the professional knowledge and experience of its engineers, program managers and other personnel, who review each long-term contract monthly to assess the contract's schedule, performance, technical matters and estimated cost at completion. Changes in estimates are applied when adjustments in estimated contract costs are identified, such revisions may result in current period adjustments to earnings applicable to performance in prior periods. Any advance payments arising from such extended-term development contracts are recorded as deposits. If, in any period, estimated total costs under a contract indicate an expected loss, then such loss is provided for in that period. Through December 31, 2013, contracted service revenue has not been a significant portion of the Company’s total sales.
Product service sales. Product service sales other than under development contracts are recognized when completed services are provided to the customer and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company establishes reserves for potential sales returns, credit and allowances, and evaluates, on a monthly basis, the adequacy of those reserves based upon historical experience and its expectations for the future. Through December 31, 2013, product service sales have not been a significant portion of the Company’s total sales.
Extended warranty sales. The Company sells extended warranty contracts on mobile communications and guidance and stabilization products. Sales under these contracts are recognized ratably over the contract term. Through December 31, 2013, warranty sales have not been a significant portion of the Company’s total sales.

58
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

(f)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, which include cash equivalents, investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to the short maturity of these instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s mortgage loan approximates fair value based on currently available quoted rates of similarly structured mortgage facilities. See note 2 for more information on the fair value of the Company’s marketable securities.
(g)
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
In accordance with the Company’s investment policy, cash in excess of operational needs is invested in money market mutual funds, government agency bonds, United States treasuries, corporate notes, and certificates of deposit, which are reflected within marketable securities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company determines the appropriate classification of marketable securities at each balance sheet date. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, all of the Company’s marketable securities have been designated as available-for-sale and are carried at their fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
The Company reviews investments in debt securities for other than temporary impairment whenever the fair value of an investment is less than amortized cost and evidence indicates that an investment’s carrying amount is not recoverable within a reasonable period of time. To determine whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, the Company considers whether it intends to sell the security, whether it expects to recover the credit loss, and if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security prior to recovery. Evidence considered in this assessment includes the reasons for the impairment, compliance with the Company’s investment policy, the severity and duration of the impairment, changes in value subsequent to year-end and forecasted performance of the investee. The Company has reviewed its securities with unrealized losses as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and has concluded that no other-than-temporary impairments exist.
(h)
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market using the first-in first-out costing method. The Company provides inventory reserves based on excess and obsolete inventory determined primarily by future demand forecasts. The Company records inventory charges to costs of product sales.
(i)
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. The principal lives used in determining the depreciation rates of various assets are: buildings and improvements, 5-40 years; machinery, satellite hubs and equipment, 5-10 years; office and computer equipment, 3-7 years; and motor vehicles, 5 years.
(j)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The Company’s goodwill and intangible assets are associated with the purchase of Virtek Communication (now known as KVH Industries Norway AS) in September 2010 and Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group) in May 2013.
Goodwill is recorded when the consideration for an acquisition exceeds the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment at least annually, or if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company estimates the fair value of the reporting unit using a discounted cash flow model or other valuation models, such as comparative transactions and market multiples. The impairment test is performed through the application of a two-step process. The first step compares the carrying value of the Company’s reporting units to their estimated fair values as of the test date. If fair value is less than carrying value, a second step is performed to quantify the amount of the impairment, if any. As of August 31, 2013, the Company performed its annual impairment test for goodwill at the reporting unit level and, after conducting the first step, determined that it was not necessary to conduct the second step as it concluded that the fair value of its reporting units substantially exceeded their carrying value. Accordingly, the Company determined no adjustment to goodwill was necessary. There were no indicators of potential goodwill impairment noted as of December 31, 2013.

59
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

Intangible assets are comprised of the following, which are being amortized on a straight line basis over the following estimated useful lives:
 
Estimated Useful Life
Virtek Communication (now KVH Industries Norway AS):
 
Intellectual property
7
Headland Media Limited (now the KVH Media Group):
 
Subscriber relationships
10
Distribution rights
15
Internally developed software
3
Proprietary content
2
Intangible assets with estimated lives and other long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of intangible assets with estimated lives and other long-lived assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or asset group to future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If these comparisons indicate that an asset is not recoverable, the Company will recognize an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset or asset group exceeds the related estimated fair value. Estimated fair value is based on either discounted future operating cash flows or appraised values, depending on the nature of the asset. There are no events or changes in circumstances that indicated any of the carrying amounts of the Company’s intangible assets may not be recoverable during 2013. See note 10 for further discussion of goodwill and intangible assets.
(k)
Other Non-Current Assets
Other non-current assets are primarily comprised of long-term lease receivables, prepaid expenses, and deposits.
(l)
Product Warranty
The Company’s products carry limited warranties that range from one to four years and vary by product. The warranty period begins on the date of retail purchase or lease by the original purchaser. The Company accrues estimated product warranty costs at the time of sale and any additional amounts are recorded when such costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liability include the number of units sold or leased, historical and anticipated rates of warranty repairs and the cost per repair. Warranty and related costs are reflected within sales, marketing and support in the accompanying statements of operations. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had accrued product warranty costs of $1,269 and $814, respectively. The following table summarizes product warranty activity during 2013 and 2012:
 
2013
 
2012
Beginning balance
$
814

 
$
933

Charges to expense
1,457

 
419

Costs incurred
(1,002
)
 
(538
)
Ending balance
$
1,269

 
$
814

(m)
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and included in cost of sales. Billings for shipping and handling are reflected within net sales in the accompanying statements of operations.

60
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

(n)
Research and Development
Expenditures for research and development, including customer-funded research and development, are expensed as incurred. Revenue and related development costs from customer-funded research and development are as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
Customer-funded service sales
$
10,302

 
$
5,470

 
$
1,061

Customer-funded costs included in costs of service sales
2,387

 
3,424

 
412

(o)
Advertising Costs
Costs related to advertising are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was $3,189, $2,523, and $2,081 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively, and is included in sales, marketing, and support expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
(p)
Foreign Currency Translation
The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries located in Denmark and Singapore are maintained using the United States dollar as the functional currency. Exchange rates in effect on the date of the transaction are used to record monetary assets and liabilities. Revenue and other expense elements are recorded at rates that approximate the rates in effect on the transaction dates. Realized foreign currency remeasurement gains and losses are recognized within “other income (expense)” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, the Company experienced foreign currency losses of $123, $37 and $79, respectively.
The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries located in the United Kingdom, Brazil, Norway, Cyprus, Belgium, the Netherlands and Japan subsidiaries use the foreign subsidiaries’ respective local currencies as the functional currency. The Company translates the assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries at the exchange rates in effect at year-end. Net sales, costs and expenses are translated using average exchange rates in effect during the year. Gains and losses from foreign currency translation are credited or charged to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) included in stockholders' equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(q)
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records valuation allowances to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. If it is not more likely than not that a position will be sustained, no amount of the benefit attributable to the position is recognized. The tax benefit to be recognized of any tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is calculated as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon resolution of the contingency. See note 8 for further discussion of income taxes.
(r)
Net Income per Common Share
Basic net income per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share incorporates the dilutive effect of common stock equivalent options, warrants and other convertible securities, if any, as determined in accordance with the treasury stock accounting method. Common stock equivalents related to options and restricted stock awards for 545,000, 862,000, and 597,000 shares of common stock for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 respectively, have been excluded from the fully diluted calculation of net income per share, as inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

61
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

A reconciliation of the basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding is as follows:
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic
15,144

 
14,777

 
14,768

Dilutive common shares issuable in connection with stock plans
197

 
242

 
304

Weighted average common shares outstanding—diluted
15,341

 
15,019

 
15,072

(s)
Contingent Liabilities
The Company estimates the amount of potential exposure it may have with respect to claims, assessments and litigation in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies. The Company is not party to any lawsuit or proceeding that, in management’s opinion, is likely to materially harm the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, as described in note 17. It is not always possible to predict the outcome of litigation, as it is subject to many uncertainties. Additionally, it is not always possible for management to make a meaningful estimate of the potential loss or range of loss associated with such litigation. As of December 31, 2013, no losses have been accrued with respect to pending litigation.
(t)
Operating Segments
The Company operates in a single segment. Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. To date, the chief operating decision maker has made such decisions and assessed performance at the company level, as one segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board.
(u)    Recently Issued Accounting Standards
As of December 31, 2013, there were no recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements that would have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

62
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

(2)
Marketable Securities
Included in marketable securities as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 are the following:
December 31, 2013
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Money market mutual funds
$
19,957

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
19,957

Government agency bonds
7,515

 
—

 
(6
)
 
7,509

United States treasuries
8,035

 
6

 
—

 
8,041

Corporate notes
8,457

 
 
 
(4
)
 
8,453

Certificates of deposit
2,426

 
—

 
—

 
2,426

Total marketable securities designated as available for sale
$
46,390

 
$
6

 
$
(10
)
 
$
46,386

 
December 31, 2012
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Money market mutual funds
$
9,921

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
9,921

Government agency bonds
6,817

 
1

 
—

 
6,818

United States treasuries
6,089

 
—

 
—

 
6,089

Corporate notes
4,682

 
—

 
(3
)
 
4,679

Certificates of deposit
1,800

 
—

 
—

 
1,800

Total marketable securities designated as available for sale
$
29,309

 
$
1

 
$
(3
)
 
$
29,307

The amortized costs and fair value of debt securities as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 are shown below by effective maturity. Effective maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties.
December 31, 2013
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
Due in less than one year
$
31,023

 
$
31,023

Due after one year and within two years
15,367

 
15,363

 
$
46,390

 
$
46,386

December 31, 2012
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
Due in less than one year
$
22,485

 
$
22,485

Due after one year and within two years
6,824

 
6,822

 
$
29,309

 
$
29,307

No realized gains or losses were recognized on the Company’s marketable securities during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.


63
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

(3)
Inventories
Inventories as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 include the costs of material, labor, and factory overhead. Inventories consist of the following:
 
December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Raw materials
$
9,783

 
$
9,173

Work in process
3,087

 
1,789

Finished goods
5,385

 
5,241

 
$
18,255

 
$
16,203


(4)
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, net, as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 consist of the following:
 
December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Land
$
3,827

 
$
3,827

Building and improvements
22,228

 
21,297

Leasehold improvements
286

 
286

Machinery and equipment
35,182

 
32,266

Office and computer equipment
12,024

 
10,663

Motor vehicles
51

 
51

 
73,598

 
68,390

Less accumulated depreciation
(36,456
)
 
(31,657
)
 
$
37,142

 
$
36,733

Depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 amounted to $4,815, $4,216, and $4,043, respectively.

(5)
Debt and Line of Credit
On April 6, 2009, the Company entered into a mortgage loan in the amount of $4,000 related to its headquarters facility in Middletown, Rhode Island. The loan term is ten years, with a principal amortization of twenty years, and the interest rate will be a rate per year adjusted periodically based on a defined interest period equal to the BBA LIBOR Rate plus 2.25 percentage points. On June 9, 2011, the Company entered into an amendment to the mortgage loan, providing for an adjustment of the interest rate from the BBA LIBOR Rate plus 2.25 percentage points to the BBA LIBOR Rate plus 2.00 points. Land, building and improvements with an approximate carrying value of approximately $5,000 as of December 31, 2013 secure the mortgage loan. The monthly mortgage payment is approximately $11 plus interest and increases in increments of approximately $1 each year throughout the life of the mortgage. Due to the difference in the term of the loan and amortization of the principal, a balloon payment of $2,551 is due on April 1, 2019. The loan contains one financial covenant, a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, which applies in the event that the Company’s consolidated cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balance falls below $25,000 at any time. As the Company’s consolidated cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balance was above $25,000 throughout the year ended December 31, 2013, the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio did not apply. Under the mortgage loan, the Company may prepay its outstanding loan balance subject to certain early termination charges as defined in the mortgage loan agreement. If the Company were to default on its mortgage loan, the land, building and improvements would be used as collateral.
On January 30, 2013, the Company borrowed $4,700 from a bank and pledged as collateral six satellite hubs and related equipment, including the three hubs purchased in 2012. The term of the equipment loan is five years, at a fixed interest rate of 2.76%. The monthly payment is approximately $83 including interest expense. On December 30, 2013, the Company borrowed

64
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

$1,200 from a bank and pledged as collateral one satellite hub and related equipment. The term of the equipment loan is five years, at a fixed interest rate of 3.08%. The monthly payment is approximately $21 including interest expense.
The following is a summary of future principal payments under these long-term debt agreements:
Year ending December 31,
 
Principal
Payment
2014
 
$
1,272

2015
 
1,313

2016
 
1,355

2017
 
1,398

2018
 
431

Thereafter
 
2,597

Total outstanding at December 31, 2013
 
$
8,366

On May 9, 2013, the Company amended its revolving loan agreement with a bank to increase the available line of credit from $15,000 to $30,000. The revolving loan, as amended, no longer permits the Company to convert revolving loans into term loans. The Company pays interest on any outstanding amounts at a rate equal to the BBA LIBOR Daily Floating Rate plus 1.25%. The line of credit contains two financial covenants, a Liquidity Covenant, which requires us to maintain at least $20,000 in unencumbered liquid assets, as defined in the loan agreement, and a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. As of December 31, 2013, the Company was not in default of either covenant. The Company may terminate the loan agreement prior to its full term without penalty; provided the Company has given 30 days' advance written notice to the bank. Effective December 31, 2013, the Company further amended our revolving loan agreement with a bank to extend the maturity date from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2015.
In connection with the acquisition of KVH Media Group on May 11, 2013, the Company borrowed $23,000 under the revolving loan to pay substantially all of the purchase price for the acquisition. As of December 31, 2013, the Company had $30,000 outstanding under the revolving loan, the repayment of which is due no later than the maturity date of December 31, 2015. The monthly interest payments are approximately $36, subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement. Total commitment fees related to the line of credit were $35, $27, and $49 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.
(6)
Commitments and Contingencies
The Company has certain operating leases for satellite capacity, various equipment, and facilities. The following reflects future minimum payments under operating leases that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms at December 31, 2013:
Years ending December 31,
Operating
Leases
2014
$
10,926

2015
6,002

2016
3,721

2017
2,559

2018
865

Thereafter
341

Total minimum lease payments
$
24,414

Total rent expense incurred under facility operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 amounted to $639, $302, and $745, respectively. Total expense incurred under satellite capacity and equipment operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 amounted to $23,215, $18,135, and $14,726, respectively.

65
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into unconditional purchase order obligations with its suppliers for inventory and other operational purchases. Outstanding and unconditional purchase order obligations were $16,100 as of December 31, 2013.
The Company did not have any off-balance sheet commitments, guarantees, or standby repurchase obligations as of December 31, 2013.
(7)
Stockholders’ Equity
(a)
Employee Stock Options
Options are granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant and generally vest in equal annual amounts over four years beginning on the first anniversary of the date of the grant. No options are exercisable for periods of more than 5 years after date of grant. Under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, each share issued under awards other than options will reduce the number of shares reserved for issuance by two shares. Shares issued under options will reduce the shares reserved for issuance on a share-for-share basis. All plans were approved by the Company’s shareholders, pursuant to which 9,415,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were reserved for issuance. As of December 31, 2013, 6,645,081 options and awards to purchase shares of common stock had been issued net of expired, canceled or forfeited options and 2,769,919 were available for future grants. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers the plans, approves the individuals to whom options will be granted and determines the number of shares and exercise price of each option. Outstanding options under the plans at December 31, 2013 expire from January 2014 through September 2018. None of the Company’s outstanding options includes performance-based or market-based vesting conditions as of December 31, 2013.
The Company has estimated the fair value of each option grant on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The expected volatility assumption is based on the historical daily price data of the Company’s common stock over a period equivalent to the weighted average expected life of the Company’s options. The expected term of options granted is derived using assumed exercise rates based on historical exercise patterns and represents the period of time the options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free interest rate is based on the actual U.S. Treasury zero-coupon rates for bonds matching the expected term of the option as of the option grant date. The dividend yield of zero is based upon the fact that the Company has not historically declared or paid cash dividends, and does not expect to declare or pay dividends in the foreseeable future.
The per share weighted-average fair values of stock options granted during 2013, 2012 and 2011 were $5.45, $4.97, and $6.36, respectively. The weighted-average assumptions used to value options as of their grant date were as follows:
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
Risk-free interest rate
1.06
%
 
0.69
%
 
1.65
%
Expected volatility
50.9
%
 
64.6
%
 
60.4
%
Expected life (in years)
4.24

 
4.22

 
4.23

Dividend yield
0
%
 
0
%
 
0
%

66
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

The changes in outstanding stock options for the year ended December 31, 2013, are as follows:
 
 
Number of Options
 
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
 
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
(in Years)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2012
1,077,798

 
$
10.93

 
 
 
 
Granted
138,183

 
13.20

 
 
 
 
Exercised
(160,944
)
 
8.35

 
 
 
 
Expired, canceled or forfeited
(33,246
)
 
13.74

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
1,021,791

 
$
11.55

 
2.83
 
$
1,958

Exercisable at December 31, 2013
349,449

 
$
11.90

 
2.21
 
$
619

The total aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $933, $173, and $183 in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The total aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $112 and $1,254, respectively. The total aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $85 and $851, respectively.
 
As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the number of options exercisable was 290,911 and 361,994, respectively, and the weighted average exercise price of those options was $10.52 and $9.36 per share, respectively. The weighted average remaining contractual term for options exercisable at December 31, 2012 and 2011 was 1.78 and 1.18 years, respectively. The weighted average remaining contractual term for options outstanding at December 31, 2012 and 2011 was 3.28 and 2.63 years, respectively.
As of December 31, 2013, there was $2,556 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.23 years. In 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company recorded compensation charges of $1,438, $1,130 and $709, respectively, related to stock options. Compensation costs for options subject only to service conditions that vest ratably are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. During 2013, 2012 and 2011, cash received under stock option plans for exercises was $1,344, $689 and $652, respectively.
 
(b)
Restricted Stock
The Company granted 265,625, 43,340 and 167,500 restricted stock awards to employees under the terms of the Amended and Restated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. The restricted stock awards vest annually over four years from the date of grant subject to the recipient remaining an employee through the applicable vesting dates. Compensation expense for restricted stock awards is measured at fair value on the date of grant based on the number of shares granted and the quoted market closing price of the Company’s common stock. Such value is recognized as expense over the vesting period of the award, net of estimated forfeitures. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of restricted stock granted during 2013, 2012 and 2011 was $13.61, $12.53 and $13.29 per share, respectively.
As of December 31, 2013, there was $3,217 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.17 years. Compensation costs for awards subject only to service conditions that vest ratably are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. Compensation cost for awards initially subject to certain performance conditions are recognized on a ratable basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. In 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company recorded compensation charges of $2,613, $2,495 and $2,728, respectively, related to restricted stock awards.

67
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

Restricted stock activity under the Amended and Restated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan for 2013 is as follows:
 
 
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted-
average
grant date
fair value
Outstanding at December 31, 2012, unvested
371,611

 
$
11.05

Granted
265,625

 
13.61

Vested
(245,020
)
 
9.73

Forfeited
(13,209
)
 
13.54

Outstanding at December 31, 2013, unvested
379,007

 
$
13.61

 
(c)
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Under the Company’s Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), the Company is authorized to issue up to 650,000 shares of common stock, of which 58,973 shares remain available as of December 31, 2013.
The ESPP covers all of the Company’s employees. Under the terms of the ESPP, eligible employees can elect to have up to six percent of their pre-tax compensation withheld to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock on a semi-annual basis. The ESPP allows eligible employees the right to purchase the Company’s common stock on a semi-annual basis at 85% of the market price at the end of each purchase period. During 2013, 2012 and 2011, 27,027, 27,308, and 38,718 shares, respectively, were issued under this plan. The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the fair value of these discounted purchases. The fair value of the 15% discount is recognized as compensation expense over the purchase period. The Company applies a graded vesting approach because the ESPP provides for multiple purchase periods and is, in substance, a series of linked awards. In 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company recorded compensation charges of $73, $54 and $96, respectively, related to the ESPP. During 2013, 2012 and 2011, cash received under the ESPP was $308, $270 and $289, respectively.

(8)
Income Taxes
Income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 attributable to income (loss) from operations is presented below.
 
Current
 
Deferred
 
Total
Year ended December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
1,793

 
$
(497
)
 
$
1,296

State
242

 
(52
)
 
190

Foreign
901

 
(237
)
 
664

 
$
2,936

 
$
(786
)
 
$
2,150

Year ended December 31, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
715

 
$
2,036

 
$
2,751

State
146

 
254

 
400

Foreign
249

 
(137
)
 
112

 
$
1,110

 
$
2,153

 
$
3,263

Year ended December 31, 2011
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
(16
)
 
$
120

 
$
104

State
179

 
(955
)
 
(776
)
Foreign
212

 
(24
)
 
188

 
$
375

 
$
(859
)
 
$
(484
)

68
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

The actual income tax expense (benefit) differs from the “expected” income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the United States Federal corporate income tax rate of 35% to income before tax expense (benefit) as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
Computed “expected” tax expense
$
2,339

 
$
2,395

 
$
131

Decrease in income taxes resulting from:
 
 
 
 
 
State income tax expense, net of federal benefit
336

 
674

 
83

State research and development, investment credits
(309
)
 
(301
)
 
(1,006
)
Non-deductible expenses
255

 
117

 
101

Foreign tax rate differential
(208
)
 
(27
)
 
(42
)
Federal research and development credits
(746
)
 
—

 
(351
)
Adjustments to operating loss carry-forwards and other deferred taxes, net
(8
)
 
(33
)
 
(44
)
Stock-based compensation
—

 
(30
)
 
306

Change in valuation allowance
491

 
468

 
338

Net income tax expense (benefit)
$
2,150

 
$
3,263

 
$
(484
)
The components of results of income before income tax expense (benefit) determined by tax jurisdiction, are as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
United States
$
5,500

 
$
7,917

 
$
971

UK
(343
)
 
—

 
—

Denmark
1,487

 
(295
)
 
(161
)
Cyprus
686

 
—

 
—

Norway
392

 
570

 
727

Brazil
(1,167
)
 
(1,375
)
 
(1,210
)
Singapore
48

 
25

 
49

Belgium
44

 
—

 
—

Japan
32

 
1

 
—

Netherlands
4

 
—

 
—

Total
$
6,683

 
$
6,843

 
$
376


69
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the dates presented are as follows:
 
December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable, due to allowance for doubtful accounts
$
641

 
$
313

Inventories
436

 
289

Operating loss carry-forwards
1,392

 
1,011

Stock-based compensation expense
1,515

 
1,194

Intangible assets due to differences in amortization
—

 
74

Research and development, alternative minimum tax credit carry-forwards
2,600

 
3,507

Foreign tax credit carry-forwards
1,442

 
1,111

State tax credit carry-forwards
2,094

 
2,228

Accrued expenses
722

 
688

Gross deferred tax assets
10,842

 
10,415

Less valuation allowance
(2,700
)
 
(2,136
)
Total deferred tax assets
8,142

 
8,279

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Purchased intangible assets
(3,129
)
 
(433
)
Property and equipment, due to differences in depreciation
(2,548
)
 
(3,176
)
Other
(30
)
 
—

Total deferred tax liabilities
(5,707
)
 
(3,609
)
Net deferred tax assets
$
2,435

 
$
4,670

Net deferred tax asset—current
$
3,060

 
$
1,146

Net deferred tax asset—noncurrent
$
—

 
$
3,524

Net deferred tax liability—noncurrent
$
(625
)
 
$
—

As of December 31, 2013, the Company had foreign net operating loss carry-forwards available to offset future foreign income of $4,032. The foreign net operating loss carry-forwards have no expiration.
As of December 31, 2013, the Company had federal research and development tax credit carry-forwards in the amount of $2,654 that expire in years 2021 through 2031, and foreign tax credit carry-forwards in the amount of $1,479 that expire in years 2015 through 2021. The Company also had alternative minimum tax credits of $132 that have no expiration date. As of December 31, 2013, the Company had state research and development tax credit carry-forwards in the amount of $3,143 that expire in years 2014 through 2018. The Company also had other state tax credit carry-forwards of $373 available to reduce future state tax expense that expire in years 2014 through 2018. The tax benefit related to $1,651 of federal and state tax credits would occur upon utilization of these deferred tax assets to reduce taxes payable and would result in a credit to additional paid-in capital within stockholders’ equity rather than the provision for income taxes.
The Company’s ability to utilize these net operating loss carry-forwards and tax credit carry-forwards may be limited in the future if the Company experiences an ownership change pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 382. An ownership change occurs when the ownership percentages of 5% or greater stockholders change by more than 50% over a three-year period.
For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, the Company generated income before income taxes of $6,683, $6,843 and $376, respectively. In assessing the realizability of its net deferred tax assets, the Company considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. As of December 31, 2013, based upon an evaluation of the positive and negative evidence, the Company concluded that an increase of $564 of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance was appropriate, resulting in a

70
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

valuation allowance of $2,700 as of December 31, 2013. As part of the Company’s analysis, the Company evaluated, among other factors, its recent history of generating taxable income and its near-term forecasts of future taxable income and determined that it is more likely than not that it will not be able to realize an additional $564 of the Company’s deferred tax assets over the next several years. After considering these factors, the Company concluded that an increase of the valuation allowance was required. The net increase in valuation allowance of $564 is composed of an increase of $397 in net operating losses that the Company does not expect to realize, a decrease of $104 related to the expiration of previously reserved state tax credit carry-forwards and an increase of $177 related to the use of net operating loss and credit carryforwards attributed to tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation expense from employee stock compensation awards that existed as of the adoption of ASC 718, Stock compensation. Total expense from the change in valuation allowance is $491. At December 31, 2013, the Company has recorded valuation allowances of approximately $1,473 against certain state tax credits and foreign net operating loss carryforwards, and intends to maintain the valuation allowance until sufficient evidence exists to support the reversal of the valuation allowance.
In addition, the Company continues to maintain a $1,228 valuation allowance against net operating losses and credits carryforwards attributed to tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost from employee stock compensation awards that existed as of the adoption of ASC 718. The Company will recognize the net deferred tax asset and corresponding benefit to additional paid-in capital for these windfall tax benefits once such amounts reduce income taxes payable, in accordance with the requirements of ASC 718.
The Company's income taxes currently payable for federal and state purposes have been reduced by the benefit of the tax deduction in excess of recognized compensation cost from employee stock compensation transactions in the amount of $693 which has been recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital for the year ended December 31, 2013.
As of December 31, 2013, the Company has not provided for U.S. deferred income taxes on undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries of approximately $2,050 since these earnings are expected to be indefinitely reinvested. Upon distribution of those earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company will be subject to additional U.S. and state income taxes (less foreign tax credits), as well as withholding taxes in its foreign locations. The amount of taxes attributable to the undistributed earnings is not practicably determinable.
On January 2, 2013, the President signed into law The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012. Under the prior law, a taxpayer was entitled to a research tax credit for qualifying amounts paid or incurred on or before December 31, 2011. The 2012 American Taxpayer Relief Act extends the research credit for two years to December 31, 2013. The extension of the research credit is retroactive and includes amounts paid or incurred after December 31, 2011. As a result of the retroactive extension, the Company is recognizing a benefit of approximately $363 for qualifying amounts incurred in 2012.
The Company establishes reserves for uncertain tax positions based on management’s assessment of exposure associated with tax deductions, permanent tax differences and tax credits. The tax reserves are analyzed periodically and adjustments are made as events occur to warrant adjustment to the reserve.
The Company did not have any material unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2013, 2012 or 2011. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. The Company’s tax jurisdictions include the United States, the UK, Denmark, Cyprus, Norway, Brazil, Singapore, Belgium, Bermuda, the Netherlands, and Japan. In general, the statute of limitations with respect to the Company’s United States federal income taxes has expired for years prior to 2010, and the relevant state and foreign statutes vary. However, preceding years remain open to examination by United States federal and state and foreign taxing authorities to the extent of future utilization of net operating losses and research and development tax credits generated in each preceding year. The Company is no longer subject to income tax examinations by the Danish tax authorities for years prior to 2010.

(9) Acquisition
On May 11, 2013, KVH Industries U.K. Limited, a newly formed, wholly owned subsidiary of KVH, entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with Oakley Capital Private Equity L.P., Mark Woodhead, Andrew Michael Galvin and the Trustees of the Headland Media Limited Employee Benefit Trust to acquire all of the issued share capital of Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group), a media and entertainment service company based in the United Kingdom that distributes premium licensed news, sports, movies and music content for commercial and leisure customers in the maritime, hotel, and retail markets, for an aggregate purchase price of £15,576 ($24,169 at the exchange rate of £1.00: $1.5517 on May 11, 2013).

71
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

The aggregate purchase price includes $169 in payments made in July 2013 related to finalizing the post-closing adjustment. The acquisition of Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group) was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting for the business combination. The purchase price was determined as a result of arms-length negotiation and was subject to a potential post-closing adjustment based on the value of the net assets delivered at the closing.
The Share Purchase Agreement contains certain representations, warranties, covenants and indemnification provisions. The Share Purchase Agreement provides that 10% of the purchase price shall be held in escrow for a period of at least eighteen months after the closing in order to satisfy valid indemnification claims that KVH may assert for specified breaches of representations, warranties and covenants.
The total purchase price and related preliminary excess total purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired is as follows, excluding approximately $8,200 of acquired intercompany debt due KVH from Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group):
Consideration transferred - cash
 
 
$
24,169

Book value of net assets acquired
$
163

 
 
Fair value adjustments to deferred revenue
123

 
 
           Fair value of tangible net assets acquired
 
 
$
286

 
 
 
 
Identifiable intangibles at acquisition-date fair value
 
 
 
           Subscriber relationships
$
8,271

 
 
           Distribution rights
4,888

 
 
           Internally developed software
543

 
 
           Proprietary content
186

 
 
 
 
 
$
13,888

Deferred income taxes
 
 
(3,134
)
Goodwill
 
 
$
13,129


The final determination of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is based on the established fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired is allocated to goodwill.
The acquired finite-lived intangible assets from the KVH Media Group acquisition were recorded at their estimated fair value of $13,888 on the acquisition date. The weighted-average useful life of the acquired intangible assets is estimated at approximately 11 years.
The goodwill of $13,129 arising from the KVH Media Group acquisition largely reflects the expansion of our service offerings complementary to our existing products. The KVH Media Group acquisition was intended to expand our future VSAT broadband communications product offerings by offering new media content to our customers.
Since the date of the acquisition, May 11, 2013, the Company has recorded approximately $8,800 of service revenue attributable to KVH Media Group within its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Pro Forma Financial Information
The following table summarizes the supplemental statements of operations information on an unaudited pro forma basis as if the KVH Media Group acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2012:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Pro forma net revenues
 
$
166,819

 
$
149,836

Pro forma net income
 
$
5,276

 
$
4,781

Basic pro forma net income per share
 
$
0.35

 
$
0.32

Diluted pro forma net income per share
 
$
0.34

 
$
0.32

The pro forma results presented above are for illustrative purposes only for the periods presented and do not purport to be indicative of the actual results which would have occurred had the transaction been completed as of the beginning of the period, nor are they indicative of results of operations which may occur in the future.

72
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)


(10)    Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company’s goodwill and intangible assets are associated with the purchase of Virtek Communication (now the KVH Industries Norway AS) in September 2010 and Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group) in May 2013.
Intangible assets are subject to amortization. The following table summarizes other intangible assets as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively:
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Value
December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
Subscriber relationships
$
8,763

 
$
540

 
$
8,223

Distribution rights
5,183

 
212

 
4,971

Internally developed software
571

 
118

 
453

Proprietary content
195

 
61

 
134

Intellectual property
2,280

 
1,074

 
1,206

 
$
16,992

 
$
2,005

 
$
14,987

December 31, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
Intellectual property
$
2,510

 
$
826

 
$
1,684

 
$
2,510

 
$
826

 
$
1,684


The Company amortizes its intangible assets over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $1,179, $394 and $333 for years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.
Estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets recorded by the Company at December 31, 2013 is as follows:
Years ending December 31,
Amortization
Expense
2014
$
1,842

2015
1,779

2016
1,620

2017
1,452

2018
1,225

Thereafter
7,069

Total amortization expense
$
14,987

Goodwill is recorded when the consideration for an acquisition exceeds the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the year ended December 31, 2013 is as follows:
 
2013
Balance at January 1
$
4,712

Acquisition of KVH Media Group
13,129

Foreign currency translation adjustment
440

Balance at December 31
$
18,281



73

(11)    401(k) Plan
The Company has a 401(k) Plan (the Plan) for all eligible employees. Participants may defer a portion of their pre-tax earnings subject to limits determined by the Internal Revenue Service. Participants age 50 or older may be eligible to make additional contributions. As of December 31, 2013, the Company matches one half of the first 4% contributed by the Plan participants. The Company’s contributions vest over a five-year period from the date of hire. Total Company matching contributions were $376, $352 and $335 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. In addition, the Company may make contributions to the Plan at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. There were no discretionary contributions in 2013, 2012, or 2011.

(12)    Business and Credit Concentrations
Significant portions of the Company’s net sales are as follows:
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
Net sales to foreign customers outside the U.S. and Canada
37
%
 
40
%
 
29
%
Net sales to SANG
12
%
 
11
%
 
*

Net sales to General Dynamics Land Systems-Canada
*

 
*

 
11
%
 
*
Represents less than 10% of net sales.
The terms and conditions of sales to SANG and General Dynamics are consistent with the Company’s standard terms and conditions of product sales as discussed in note 1 of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. All receivable balances outstanding for these customers as of December 31, 2013 were paid as of the date of this report. No other individual customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s net sales for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.

(13)    Segment Reporting
Under common operational management, the Company designs, develops, manufactures and markets its navigation, guidance and stabilization and mobile communications products for use in a wide variety of applications. Products are generally sold directly to third-party consumer electronic dealers and retailers, original equipment manufacturers, government contractors or to U.S. and other foreign government agencies. Primarily, sales originating in the Americas consist of sales within the United States and Canada and, to a lesser extent, Mexico and some Latin and South American countries. The Americas’ sales also include all guidance and stabilization product sales throughout the world. Sales originating from the Company’s European and Asian subsidiaries principally consist of sales into all European countries, both inside and outside the European Union, as well as Africa, Asia/Pacific, the Middle East and India.
The Company operates in two geographic segments, exclusively in the mobile communications, navigation and guidance and stabilization equipment industry, which it considers to be a single business activity. The Company has two primary product categories: mobile communication and guidance and stabilization. Mobile communication sales and services include marine, land mobile, automotive, and aeronautical communication equipment and satellite-based voice, television and Broadband Internet connectivity services as well as distribution of premium licensed news, sports, movies and music content for commercial and leisure customers in the maritime, hotel, and retail markets. Guidance and stabilization sales and services include sales of defense-related navigation and guidance and stabilization equipment based upon digital compass and FOG sensor technology. Mobile communication and guidance and stabilization sales also include development contract revenue, product repairs and extended warranty sales.

74
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

The following table summarizes information regarding the Company’s operations by geographic segment:
 
Sales Originating From
Year ended December 31, 2013
Americas
 
Europe
and Asia
 
Total
Mobile communication sales to the United States
$
78,729

 
$
1,099

 
$
79,828

Mobile communication sales to Canada
462

 
39

 
501

Mobile communication sales to Europe
455

 
18,571

 
19,026

Mobile communication sales to other geographic areas
3,596

 
5,200

 
8,796

Guidance and stabilization sales to the United States
7,892

 
—

 
7,892

Guidance and stabilization sales to Canada
13,810

 
—

 
13,810

Guidance and stabilization sales to Europe
7,421

 
—

 
7,421

Guidance and stabilization sales to other geographic areas
25,014

 
—

 
25,014

Intercompany sales
3,465

 
2,184

 
5,649

Subtotal
140,844

 
27,093

 
167,937

Eliminations
(3,465
)
 
(2,184
)
 
(5,649
)
Net sales
$
137,379

 
$
24,909

 
$
162,288

Segment net income (loss)
$
5,260

 
$
(727
)
 
$
4,533

Depreciation and amortization
$
4,521

 
$
1,473

 
$
5,994

Total assets
$
136,051

 
$
47,798

 
$
183,849

 
Sales Originating From
Year ended December 31, 2012
Americas
 
Europe
and Asia
 
Total
Mobile communication sales to the United States
$
62,857

 
$
—

 
$
62,857

Mobile communication sales to Canada
777

 
—

 
777

Mobile communication sales to Europe
417

 
15,255

 
15,672

Mobile communication sales to other geographic areas
3,936

 
4,443

 
8,379

Guidance and stabilization sales to the United States
8,632

 
—

 
8,632

Guidance and stabilization sales to Canada
10,736

 
—

 
10,736

Guidance and stabilization sales to Europe
11,793

 
—

 
11,793

Guidance and stabilization sales to other geographic areas
18,266

 
—

 
18,266

Intercompany sales
8,485

 
2,064

 
10,549

Subtotal
125,899

 
21,762

 
147,661

Eliminations
(8,485
)
 
(2,064
)
 
(10,549
)
Net sales
$
117,414

 
$
19,698

 
$
137,112

Segment net income (loss)
$
4,316

 
$
(736
)
 
$
3,580

Depreciation and amortization
$
4,116

 
$
494

 
$
4,610

Total assets
$
118,076

 
$
19,492

 
$
137,568



75
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

 
Sales Originating From
Year ended December 31, 2011
North
America
 
Europe
 
Total
Mobile communication sales to the United States
$
50,797

 
$
—

 
$
50,797

Mobile communication sales to Canada
875

 
—

 
875

Mobile communication sales to Europe
438

 
13,244

 
13,682

Mobile communication sales to other geographic areas
1,280

 
3,568

 
4,848

Guidance and stabilization sales to the United States
11,951

 
—

 
11,951

Guidance and stabilization sales to Canada
16,643

 
—

 
16,643

Guidance and stabilization sales to Europe
7,877

 
—

 
7,877

Guidance and stabilization sales to other geographic areas
5,863

 
—

 
5,863

Intercompany sales
7,793

 
1,084

 
8,877

Subtotal
103,517

 
17,896

 
121,413

Eliminations
(7,793
)
 
(1,084
)
 
(8,877
)
Net sales
$
95,724

 
$
16,812

 
$
112,536

Segment net income
$
396

 
$
464

 
$
860

Depreciation and amortization
$
3,948

 
$
426

 
$
4,374

Total assets
$
112,557

 
$
15,999

 
$
128,556


(14)    Share Buyback Program
On November 26, 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to one million shares of the Company’s common stock. As of December 31, 2013, 341,009 shares of the Company’s common stock remain available for repurchase under the authorized program. The repurchase program is funded using the Company’s existing cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and future cash flows. Under the repurchase program, the Company, at management’s discretion, may repurchase shares on the open market from time to time, in privately negotiated transactions or block transactions, or through an accelerated repurchase agreement. The timing of such repurchases depends on availability of shares, price, market conditions, alternative uses of capital, and applicable regulatory requirements. The program may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time without prior notice. The repurchase program has no expiration date. There were no other repurchase programs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2013 and no repurchase programs expired during the period.
During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 the Company repurchased 0, 0 and 457,667 shares of its common stock in open market transactions at a cost of $0, $0 and $3,679, respectively.

(15)    Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, provides a framework for measuring fair value and requires expanded disclosures regarding fair value measurements. ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1:
Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. The Company’s Level 1 assets are investments in money market mutual funds, government agency bonds, United States treasuries, corporate notes, and certificates of deposit.
Level 2:
Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; or observable prices that are based on observable market data, based on directly or indirectly market-corroborated inputs. The Company’s Level 2 liabilities are interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts.

76

Level 3:
Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, and are developed based on the best information available given the circumstances. The Company has no Level 3 assets.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are based the valuation techniques identified in the table below. The valuation techniques are:
(a)
Market approach—prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets.
(b)
The valuations of the interest rate swaps intended to mitigate the Company’s interest rate risk are determined with the assistance of a third-party financial institution using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each instrument. This analysis utilizes observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and interest rate volatility, and reflects the contractual terms of these instruments, including the period to maturity.
(c)
The valuations of foreign currency forward contracts are determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each instrument. This analysis utilizes observable market-based inputs, including commodity forward curves, and reflects the contractual terms of these instruments, including the period to maturity.
The following tables present financial assets at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 for which the Company measures fair value on a recurring basis, by level, within the fair value hierarchy:
 
December 31, 2013
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Valuation
Technique
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market mutual funds
$
19,957

 
$
19,957

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
(a)
Government agency bonds
8,041

 
8,041

 
—

 
—

 
(a)
United States treasuries
7,509

 
7,509

 
—

 
—

 
(a)
Corporate notes
8,453

 
8,453

 
—

 
—

 
(a)
Certificates of deposit
2,426

 
2,426

 
—

 
—

 
(a)
Foreign currency forward contracts
114

 
—

 
114

 
—

 
(c)
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
$
332

 
$
—

 
$
332

 
$
—

 
(b)
December 31, 2012
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Valuation
Technique
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market mutual funds
$
9,921

 
$
9,921

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
(a)
Government agency bonds
6,818

 
6,818

 
—

 
—

 
(a)
United States treasuries
6,089

 
6,089

 
—

 
—

 
(a)
Corporate notes
4,679

 
4,679

 
—

 
—

 
(a)
Certificates of deposit
1,800

 
1,800

 
—

 
—

 
(a)
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
$
542

 
$
—

 
$
542

 
$
—

 
(b)
Certain financial instruments are carried at cost on the consolidated balance sheets, which approximates fair value due to their short-term, highly liquid nature. These instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses.
Assets Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
The Company's non-financial assets and liabilities, such as goodwill, intangible assets, and other long-lived assets resulting from business combinations are measured at fair value using income approach valuation methodologies at the date of acquisition and subsequently re-measured if there are indicators of impairment. There were no indicators of impairment identified during the year ended December 31, 2013.  As of December 31, 2013, the Company did not have any other non-financial assets and liabilities that were carried at fair value on a recurring basis in the consolidated financial statements or for which a fair value measurement was required.

77
KVH INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

(16)    Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Effective April 1, 2010, in order to reduce the volatility of cash outflows that arise from changes in interest rates, the Company entered into two interest rate swap agreements. These interest rate swap agreements are intended to hedge the Company’s mortgage loan related to its headquarters facility in Middletown, Rhode Island by fixing the interest rates specified in the mortgage loan to 5.91% for half of the principal amount outstanding and 6.07% for the remaining half of the principal amount outstanding as of April 1, 2010 until the mortgage loan expires on April 16, 2019.
As required by ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, the Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. As of December 31, 2013, the fair value of the derivatives is included in other accrued liabilities and the unrealized loss is included in other comprehensive loss.
As of December 31, 2013, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk:
Interest Rate Derivatives
Notional
(in thousands)
 
Asset
(Liability)
 
Effective Date
 
Maturity Date
 
Index
 
Strike Rate
Interest rate swap
$
1,707

 
(159
)
 
April 1, 2010
 
April 1, 2019
 
1-month LIBOR
 
5.91
%
Interest rate swap
$
1,707

 
(173
)
 
April 1, 2010
 
April 1, 2019
 
1-month LIBOR
 
6.07
%

(17)    Legal Matters
From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation incidental to the conduct of its business. In the ordinary course of business, KVH is a party to inquiries, legal proceedings and claims including, from time to time, disagreements with vendors and customers. The Company is not a party to any lawsuit or proceeding that, in management’s opinion, is likely to materially harm the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.


78

(18)    Quarterly Financial Results (Unaudited)

The following financial information for interim periods includes transactions which affect comparability of the quarterly results for the year ended December 31, 2013. During the second quarter of 2013, the Company acquired Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group), as described in note 9, “Acquisition”, resulting in increased service sales and service gross margins.
Financial information for interim periods was as follows:
 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product sales
$
25,216

 
$
25,886

 
$
20,331

 
$
18,862

Service sales
14,711

 
17,311

 
19,885

 
20,086

Gross profit
15,769

 
18,026

 
16,527

 
15,390

Net income (loss)
$
1,963

 
$
1,549

 
$
1,386

 
$
(365
)
Net income (loss) per share (a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.13

 
$
0.10

 
$
0.09

 
$
(0.02
)
Diluted
$
0.13

 
$
0.10

 
$
0.09

 
$
(0.02
)
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product sales
$
17,083

 
$
21,041

 
$
24,529

 
$
28,024

Service sales
9,645

 
10,978

 
14,293

 
11,519

Gross profit
9,943

 
12,451

 
15,490

 
17,090

Net (loss) income
(1,375
)
 
453

 
1,745

 
2,757

Net (loss) income per share (a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
(0.09
)
 
$
0.03

 
$
0.12

 
$
0.19

Diluted
$
(0.09
)
 
$
0.03

 
$
0.12

 
$
0.18

 
(a)
Net income (loss) per share is computed independently for each of the quarters. Therefore, the net income (loss) per share for the four quarters may not equal the annual net income (loss) per share data.



79