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Basis of Presentation (Policies)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Leases
Leases
The Company categorizes leases with contractual terms longer than twelve months as either operating or finance. Finance leases are generally those leases that allow the Company to substantially utilize or pay for the entire asset over its estimated life. Assets acquired under finance leases are recorded in property, equipment and software, net. All other leases are categorized as operating leases. The Company’s leases generally have terms that range from two to five years for equipment and two to ten years for real property.
Certain lease contracts include obligations to pay for other services, such as operations and maintenance. For leases of real property, the Company accounts for these other services as a component of the lease. For substantially all other leases, the services are accounted for separately and the Company allocates payments to the lease and other services components based on estimated stand-alone prices.
Lease liabilities are recognized at the present value of the fixed lease payments, reduced by landlord incentives using a discount rate based on similarly secured borrowings available to the Company. Lease assets are recognized based on the initial present value of the fixed lease payments, reduced by landlord incentives, plus any direct costs from executing the leases. Lease assets are tested for impairment in the same manner as long-lived assets used in operations. Leasehold improvements are capitalized at cost and amortized over the lesser of their expected useful life or the lease term.
When the Company has the option to extend the lease term, terminate the lease before the contractual expiration date, or purchase the leased asset, and it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise the option, the Company considers these options in determining the classification and measurement of the lease. The Company’s leases may include variable payments based on measures that include changes in price indices, which are expensed as incurred.
Costs associated with operating lease assets are recognized on a straight-line basis within operating expenses over the term of the lease. Finance lease assets are amortized within operating expenses on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease term. The interest component of a finance lease is included in interest expense and recognized using the effective interest method over the lease term.
Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards
A summary of the new accounting standards issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") and included in the Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") that apply to PRGX is included below:
Adopted by the Company in Fiscal Year 2019
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requires expanded disclosures about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements. ASU 2018-11 provides entities another option for transition, allowing entities to not apply the new standard in the comparative periods they present in their financial statements in the year of adoption. Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02 using the modified retrospective approach provided by ASU 2018-11. The Company elected certain practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, including the election to carryforward historical lease classifications. The Company also elected the short-term lease practical expedient, which allowed the Company to not recognize leases with a term of less than twelve months on our consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the Company elected the lease and non-lease components practical expedient, for real property assets, which allowed us to calculate the present value of the fixed payments without performing an allocation of lease and non-lease components. Adoption of the new standard resulted in recording operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $14.4 million, with no material cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the date of adoption. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations or cash flows.
Operating leases are included in Operating lease right-of-use assets, Current portion of operating lease liabilities and Long-term operating lease liabilities on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
FASB ASU 2016-13 - In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires entities to record expected credit losses for certain financial instruments, including trade receivables, as an allowance that reflects the entity's current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those annual periods, and early adoption is permitted. The Company currently is evaluating the effect that the adoption of this standard will have on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
FASB ASU 2018-13 - In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Upon the effective date, certain provisions are to be applied prospectively, while others are to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. An entity is permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of this ASU and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this standard on our consolidated financial statement disclosures. Since this standard only affects disclosure requirements, it is not expected to have an impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
FASB ASU 2018-15 - In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is evaluating the impact, if any, that this pronouncement will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
Fair value of financial instruments
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company records cash equivalents at cost, which approximates fair market value. The carrying values for receivables from clients, unbilled receivables, accounts payable, deferred revenue and other accrued liabilities reasonably approximate fair market value due to the nature of the financial instrument and the short-term maturity of these items.
The Company records bank debt, if any, as of the period end date based on the effective borrowing rate and repayment terms when originated. The Company had $33.0 million in bank debt outstanding as of June 30, 2019 and $21.6 million in bank debt outstanding as of December 31, 2018. The Company believes the carrying value of the bank debt approximates its fair value. The Company considers the factors used in determining the fair value of this debt to be Level 3 inputs (significant unobservable inputs).
The Company had $4.0 million of business acquisition obligations as of June 30, 2019, and $4.2 million of business acquisition obligations as of December 31, 2018. The Company's business acquisition obligations represent the estimated fair value of the deferred consideration and projected earnout payments due as of the end of the reporting period. The Company determines the estimated fair value of business acquisition obligations based on its projections of future revenue and profits or other factors used in the calculation of the ultimate payment(s) to be made. The discount rate that the Company uses to value the liability is based on specific business risk, cost of capital, and other factors. The Company considers these factors to be Level 3 inputs (significant unobservable inputs). The business acquisition obligations were subsequently settled in July 2019.
The Company states certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as required by GAAP. Generally, these assets are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as a result of impairment charges.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
Reported income tax expense in each period primarily results from taxes on the income of foreign subsidiaries. The effective tax rates generally differ from the expected tax rate due primarily to the Company’s deferred tax asset valuation allowance on the domestic earnings and taxes on income of foreign subsidiaries.
Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company's uncertain tax positions and determining its provision for income taxes. In addition, the Company is subject to the continuous examination of its income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service in the U.S. and other tax authorities. The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of its provision for income taxes.
The Company applies a “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. PRGX refers to GAAP for guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. In accordance with FASB ASC 740, the Company's policy for recording interest and penalties associated with tax positions is to record such items as a component of income before income taxes. A number of years may elapse before a tax position is audited and finally resolved or when a tax assessment is raised. The number of years subject to tax assessments also varies by tax jurisdiction.