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NATURE OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Policies)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation:

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, the Bank. In consolidation, all significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

 

References to “we”, “us”, “our”, “the Bank”, or “the Company” refer to the parent and its subsidiary that are consolidated for financial purposes.

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation:

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or (“GAAP”), for the interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, our interim consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 2, 2023. In the opinion of management, these interim financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations for each of the interim periods presented. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for a full year or any future period.

Accounting Estimates and Assumptions

Accounting Estimates and Assumptions:

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP, which require management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates and assumptions. Material estimates generally susceptible to significant change are related to the determination of the allowance for credit losses, impaired loans, other real estate owned, deferred tax assets, and the fair value of financial instruments.

Income Per Common Share

Income Per Common Share:

Basic income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares and potential common shares outstanding. Potential common shares consist of dilutive stock options determined using the treasury stock method and the average market price of common stock.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events:

Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. Recognized subsequent events are events or transactions that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements. Non-recognized subsequent events are events that provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the date of the balance sheet but arose after that date. We have reviewed events occurring through the date the financial statements were available to be issued and no subsequent events occurred requiring accrual or disclosure.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements:

The following is a summary of recent authoritative pronouncements that could impact the accounting, reporting and/or disclosure of financial information by the Company.

  

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326). The Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, introduced a new credit loss methodology, the Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”) methodology, which requires earlier recognition of credit losses, while also providing additional transparency about credit risk. Since its original issuance in 2016, the FASB has issued several updates to the original ASU.

 

The CECL methodology utilizes a lifetime “expected credit loss” measurement objective for the recognition of credit losses for loans, held-to-maturity securities, and other receivables at the time the financial asset is originated or acquired. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded commitments to extend credit. The expected credit losses are adjusted each period for changes in expected lifetime credit losses. The methodology replaces the multiple existing impairment methods in current GAAP, which generally require that a loss be incurred before it is recognized. For available-for-sale securities where fair value is less than cost, credit-related impairment, if any, is recognized through an allowance for credit losses and adjusted each period for changes in credit risk.

 

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the guidance prospectively. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under CECL while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with the previously applicable incurred loss accounting methodology. The adoption of CECL resulted in an increase in the allowance for unfunded commitments of $600,000, a decrease in the allowance for credit losses of $600,000 and no change to the Company’s investment securities portfolio. There was no adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2023. Federal banking regulatory agencies provided optional relief to delay the adverse regulatory capital impact of CECL at adoption. The Company did not elect to use this optional relief.

 

Significant Accounting Policy Changes

 

Upon adoption of ASC 326, the Company revised the accounting policy for the Allowance for Credit Losses as detailed below.

 

Allowance for Credit Losses - Securities Available for Sale

 

For available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income with the establishment of an allowance under CECL compared to a direct write down of the security under Incurred Loss. For debt securities available for sale that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether any decline in fair value is due to credit loss factors. In making this assessment, management considers any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income.

 

Changes in the allowance for credit losses under CECL are recorded as provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of an available-for-sale security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. At March 31, 2023, there was no allowance for credit losses related to the available-for-sale portfolio.

 

Accrued interest receivable on available for sale debt securities totaled $436,000 at March 31, 2023 and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses. 

 

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans

 

Under the current expected credit loss model, the allowance for credit losses on loans is a valuation allowance estimated at each balance sheet date in accordance with GAAP that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans.

 

Management assesses the adequacy of the allowance on a quarterly basis. This assessment includes procedures to estimate the allowance and test the adequacy and appropriateness of the resulting balance. The level of the allowance is based upon management’s evaluation of historical default and loss experience, current and projected economic conditions, asset quality trends, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrowers’ ability to repay a loan, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, industry and peer bank loan quality indications and other pertinent factors, including regulatory recommendations. Management believes the level of the allowance for credit losses is adequate to absorb all expected future losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The allowance is increased through provision for credit losses and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries of amounts previously charged-off, or negative provisions, when appropriate.

 

The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective basis for pools of loans with similar risk characteristics. The Company uses the Loss Rate Approach to estimate the current expected credit losses. The Bank calculates the annual loss rate by dividing the annual net charge-offs by the average balance of loans. The Bank used the simple average of the prior year and current year balance to get the average balance by segment and is adjusted by the estimated prepayment rate to get the lifetime historical loss rate, which is further adjusted by qualitative and forecast adjustments to get the estimated lifetime loss rate.

 

The forecast adjustments (House Price Index, Vacancy Rate, and Unemployment Rate) are discussed by the Management Asset Liability Committee (ALCO) on a periodic basis. Upon ALCO’s recommendation, the calculation can be adjusted accordingly to reflect the current market and economic conditions.

 

The Company uses the loan purpose codes to segment loans based on similar purpose and risk characteristics. The Bank manages these loans on a collective basis. This segmentation is used for call report purposes and the Bank believes it is appropriate for the CECL calculations. Due to the size of the Bank’s loan portfolio, further segmentation would be granular and segments would be statistically insignificant.

 

Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with the collectively evaluated pools are evaluated on an individual basis and are excluded from the collectively evaluated loan pools. Individual loan evaluations are generally performed for impaired loans, which includes nonaccrual loans. Such loans are evaluated for credit losses based on either discounted cash flows or the fair value of collateral. The Company has elected the practical expedient under ASC 326 to estimate expected credit losses based on the fair value of collateral, which considers selling costs in the event of the sale of the collateral.

 

While the Company’s policies and procedures used to estimate the allowance for credit losses, as well as the resultant provision for credit losses charged to income, are considered adequate by management and are reviewed periodically by regulators, model validators and internal audit, they are necessarily approximate and imprecise. There are factors beyond the Company’s control, such as changes in projected economic conditions, real estate markets or particular industry conditions which may materially impact asset quality and the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and thus the resulting provision for credit losses.

 

Allowance for Credit Losses - Accrued Interest Receivable

 

Accrued interest receivable related to loans totaled $1.8 million at March 31, 2023 and was reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable and instead elected to reverse interest income on loans or securities that are placed on nonaccrual status, which is generally when the instrument is 90 days past due, or earlier if the Company believes the collection of interest is doubtful. The Company has concluded that this policy results in the timely reversal of uncollectable interest.

 

Allowance for Credit Loss - Unfunded Commitments

 

Effective with the adoption of CECL, the Company estimates expected credit losses on commitments to extend credit over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk on the underlying commitments, unless the obligation is unconditionally cancelable by the Company. The allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures, which is reflected within accrued interest payable and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet, is adjusted for as an increase or decrease to the provision for credit losses. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The allowance is calculated using the same aggregate reserve rates calculated for the funded portion of loans at the portfolio level applied to the amount of commitments expected to fund.

 

The Company’s CECL allowances will fluctuate over time due to macroeconomic conditions and forecasts as well as the size and composition of the loan portfolios.

 

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminates the accounting guidance on troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) for creditors in ASC 310-402 and amends the guidance on “vintage disclosures” to require disclosure of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination. The ASU also updates the requirements related to accounting for credit losses under ASC 326 and adds enhanced disclosures for creditors with respect to loan refinancings and restructurings for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company adopted the amendments in ASU 2022-02 upon the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2023.

 

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. In December 2022, the FASB extended the sunset date of ASC 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

 

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not expected to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.