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Goodwill and Intangibles, net
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangibles, net
10. Goodwill and Intangibles, net

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment are as follows (in thousands):
 
Construction
Marine Services
 
Energy
 
Telecom
 
Insurance
 
Life Sciences
 
Other
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2015
 
$
24,490

 
$
1,134

 
$
1,374

 
$
3,378

 
$
29,021

 
$

 
$
1,781

 
$
61,178

Reclassification
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
14

 
14

Acquisitions
 
11,827

 
1,334

 
1,257

 

 
18,269

 
3,620

 
587

 
36,894

Balance at December 31, 2016
 
$
36,317

 
$
2,468

 
$
2,631

 
$
3,378

 
$
47,290

 
$
3,620

 
$
2,382

 
$
98,086

Measurement period adjustment
 

 

 
(509
)
 

 

 

 

 
(509
)
Acquisitions
 
2,290

 
11,783

 

 

 

 

 
20,678

 
34,751

Impairments
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(587
)
 
(587
)
Balance at December 31, 2017
 
$
38,607

 
$
14,251

 
$
2,122

 
$
3,378

 
$
47,290

 
$
3,620

 
$
22,473

 
$
131,741



On an annual basis, the Company performs it's Goodwill impairment review. After considering all quantitative and qualitative factors, other than noted below, the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that the reporting units' fair values exceed carrying values as of the period end.

During the second quarter of 2017, the Company concluded that a step 1 test of goodwill for NerVve was necessary. This conclusion was based on certain indicators of impairment related to NerVve's deteriorated business conditions. The Company estimated the fair value of the NerVve reporting unit, using the income approach, at an implied fair value of goodwill of $0 and an impairment charge of $0.6 million was recorded. This impairment charge is included in Other operating (income) expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets

The acquisition of the Insurance Company resulted in state licenses which are considered indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization. The consolidation of BeneVir in 2016 resulted in the recording of developed technology not subject to amortization.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets consists of the following (in thousands):
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
State licenses
 
$
2,450

 
$
2,450

FCC licenses
 
76,490

 

Developed technology
 
6,392

 
6,392

Total
 
$
85,332

 
$
8,842



In 2017, Broadcasting and its subsidiaries strategically acquired broadcast assets across the United States resulting in the recording of FCC licenses. As long as the Company acts within the requirements and constraints of the regulatory authorities, the renewal and extension of these licenses is reasonably certain at minimal costs. Accordingly we have concluded that FCC licenses are indefinite-lived intangible assets.

In 2016, the Insurance Company filed applications with the ODOI and the TDOI to redomesticate CGI from Ohio to Texas. In conjunction with the redomestication, the Insurance Companies filed a request with the TDOI to merge the two companies (with CGI as the surviving entity), which was approved as of December 31, 2016. As a result of the merger the Company recorded a $2.4 million impairment to the indefinite-lived state licenses in 2016. The impairment was included within Asset impairment expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The consolidation of BeneVir in 2016 resulted in the recording of an in-process research and development intangible asset not subject to amortization valued at $6.4 million.

Definite Lived Intangible Assets

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of amortizable intangible assets by major intangible asset class is as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Weighted-Average Original Useful Life
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net
Trade names
 
11 Years
 
$
13,981

 
$
(4,527
)
 
$
9,454

 
$
13,004

 
$
(3,113
)
 
$
9,891

Customer relationships
 
12 Years
 
21,657

 
(4,681
)
 
16,976

 
20,865

 
(2,194
)
 
18,671

Developed technology
 
4 Years
 
3,823

 
(3,601
)
 
222

 
4,739

 
(3,197
)
 
1,542

Other
 
4 Years
 
5,374

 
(253
)
 
5,121

 
787

 
(11
)
 
776

Total
 
 
 
$
44,835

 
$
(13,062
)
 
$
31,773

 
$
39,395

 
$
(8,515
)
 
$
30,880



Amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets was $5.4 million, $3.8 million, and $4.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 respectively, and was included in Depreciation and amortization in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

VOBA

VOBA is amortized in relation to the projected future premium of the acquired long-term care blocks of business and recorded amortization increases net income for the respective period. Total negative amortization recorded for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $4.6 million, $3.9 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

Excluding the impact of any future acquisitions or change in foreign currency, the Company estimates annual amortization of amortizable intangible assets and VOBA for the next five fiscal years will be as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Estimated Amortization Expense
 
VOBA
2018
 
$
4,160

 
$
(2,475
)
2019
 
3,887

 
(2,458
)
2020
 
3,762

 
(2,555
)
2021
 
3,575

 
(2,539
)
2022
 
3,470

 
(2,522
)
Thereafter
 
12,919

 
(30,420
)
Total
 
$
31,773

 
$
(42,969
)