Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

NOTE

1—SUMMARY

OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Consumers Bancorp, Inc. (Corporation) and its wholly owned subsidiary, Consumers National Bank (Bank), together referred to as the Corporation. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation.

Nature of Operations:

Consumers Bancorp, Inc. is a bank holding company headquartered in Minerva, Ohio that provides, through its banking subsidiary, a broad array of products and services throughout its primary market area of Carroll, Columbiana, Jefferson, Stark, Summit, Wayne and contiguous counties in Ohio. The Bank's business involves attracting deposits from businesses and individual customers and using such deposits to originate commercial, mortgage and consumer loans in its primary market area.

Business Segment Information:

The Corporation is engaged in the business of commercial and retail banking, which accounts for substantially all of its revenues, operating income, and assets. Accordingly, all of its operations are reported in

one

segment, banking.

Acquisition:

At the date of acquisition the Corporation records the assets and liabilities of acquired companies on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at their fair value. The results of operations for acquired companies are included in the Corporation's Consolidated Statements of Income beginning at the acquisition date. Expenses arising from acquisition activities are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income during the periods incurred.

Use of Estimates:

To prepare financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ.

Cash Flows:

Cash and cash equivalents include cash, deposits with other financial institutions with original maturities of less than

90

days and federal funds sold.  Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit transactions, interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions and short-term borrowings.

 

Interest–Bearing Deposits in Other Financial Institutions

:

Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions mature within

one

year and are carried at cost.

Certificates of Deposit in Financial Institutions:

Certificates of deposit in other financial institutions are carried at cost.

Cash Reserves:

The Bank is required to maintain cash on hand and noninterest-bearing balances on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank to meet regulatory reserve and clearing requirements. The required reserve balance was

zero

at

June 30, 2020

and

$456

at

June 30, 2019.

Securities:

Securities are generally classified into either held-to-maturity or available-for-sale categories. Held-to-maturity securities are carried at amortized cost and are those the Corporation has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. Available-for-sale securities are those the Corporation

may

decide to sell before maturity if needed for liquidity, asset-liability management, or other reasons. Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses included in other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of equity, net of tax.

Interest income includes amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of discounts. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized on the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments, except for mortgage-backed securities where prepayments are anticipated. Gains and losses on sales are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific identification method.

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) at least on a quarterly basis and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or whether it is more likely than

not

that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings. For debt securities that do

not

meet the aforementioned criteria, the amount of impairment is split into

two

components as follows:

1

) OTTI related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the income statement and

2

) OTTI related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis. For equity securities, the entire amount of impairment is recognized through earnings.

Federal Bank and Other Restricted Stocks:

The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) system. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors and

may

invest in additional amounts. FHLB stock, included with Federal bank and other restricted stocks on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Federal Reserve Bank stock is also carried at cost. Since these stocks are viewed as a long-term investment, impairment is based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income.

Loans Held for Sale

:

Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors. Mortgage loans held for sale are generally sold with servicing rights released. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recorded as a valuation allowance and charged to earnings. Gains and losses on sales of mortgage loans are based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related loan sold.

Loans:

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs, and an allowance for loan losses. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments. The recorded investment in loans includes accrued interest receivable.

Interest income on commercial, commercial real estate and

1

-

4

family residential loans is discontinued at the time the loan is

90

days delinquent unless the loan is well-secured and in the process of collection. Consumer loans are typically charged off

no

later than

120

days past due. Past due status is determined by the contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

All interest accrued but

not

received on loans placed on non-accrual is reversed against interest income. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when the customer has exhibited the ability to repay and demonstrated this ability over at least a consecutive

six

-month period and future payments are reasonably assured.

Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments:

Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when funded.

Concentrations of Credit Risk:

The Bank grants consumer, real estate and commercial loans primarily to borrowers in Carroll, Columbiana, Jefferson, Stark, Summit and Wayne counties. Therefore, the Corporation's exposure to credit risk is significantly affected by changes in the economy in these counties. Automobiles and other consumer assets, business assets and residential and commercial real estate secure most loans.

Allowance for Loan Losses:

The allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Management estimates the allowance balance required based on past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions and other factors. Allocations of the allowance

may

be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management's judgment, should be charged-off. 

The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired. The general component covers non-classified loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans, for which the terms have been modified, resulting in a concession, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered troubled debt restructurings and classified as impaired. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are

not

classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

Impairment is evaluated collectively for smaller-balance loans of similar nature such as residential mortgage, consumer loans and on an individual loan basis for other loans. If a loan is impaired, a portion of the allowance is allocated so the loan is reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan's existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected from the collateral. Loans are evaluated for impairment when payments are delayed, typically

90

days or more, or when it is probable that

not

all principal and interest amounts will be collected according to the original terms of the loan. Troubled debt restructurings are separately identified for impairment disclosures and are measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan's effective interest rate at inception. If a troubled debt restructuring is considered to be a collateral dependent loan, the loan is reported, net, at the fair value of the collateral. For troubled debt restructurings that subsequently default, the Corporation determines the amount of reserve in accordance with the accounting policy for the allowance for loan losses.

The general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors. The historical loss experience is determined by portfolio segment and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Corporation over the most recent

three

-year period, depending on loan segment. This actual loss experience is supplemented with economic and other factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment. These factors include consideration of the following: levels of and trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures and practices; experience, ability and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations. The following portfolio segments have been identified:

Commercial:

Commercial loans are made for a wide variety of general business purposes, including financing for equipment, inventories and accounts receivable. The term of each commercial loan varies by its purpose. Commercial loans are underwritten after evaluating and understanding the borrower's ability to operate profitably and prudently expand its business. Current and projected cash flows are evaluated to determine the ability of the borrower to repay their obligations as agreed. Commercial loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily made based on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however,

may

not

be as expected and the collateral securing these loans

may

fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and usually incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some short-term loans

may

be made on an unsecured basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans

may

be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers. The commercial loan portfolio includes loans to a wide variety of corporations and businesses across many industrial classifications in the areas where the Bank operates.

Commercial Real Estate:

Commercial real estate loans include mortgage loans to farmers, owners of multi-family investment properties, developers and owners of commercial real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally largely dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan, the business conducted on the property securing the loan or, in the case of loans to farmers, management and operation of the farm. Commercial real estate loans

may

be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The properties securing the Corporation's commercial real estate portfolio are diverse in terms of type and geographic location. This diversity helps reduce the Corporation's exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single market or industry. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral, geography and risk grade criteria. In addition, management tracks the level of owner-occupied commercial real estate loans versus nonowner-occupied loans.

1

-

4

Family Residential Real Estate

: Residential real estate loansare secured by

one

to

four

family residential properties and include both owner occupied, non-owner occupied and home equity loans. Credit approval for residential real estate loans requires demonstration of sufficient income to repay the principal and interest and the real estate taxes and insurance, stability of employment, an established credit record and an appropriately appraised value of the real estate securing the loan that generally requires that the residential real estate loan amount be

no

more than

85%

of the purchase price or the appraised value of the real estate securing the loan unless the borrower provides private mortgage insurance.

Consumer

: The Corporation originates direct and indirect consumer loans, primarily automobile loans, personal lines of credit, and unsecured consumer loans in its primary market areas. Credit approval for consumer loans requires income sufficient to repay principal and interest due, stability of employment, an established credit record and sufficient collateral for secured loans. Consumer loans typically have shorter terms and lower balances with higher yields as compared to real estate mortgage loans, but generally carry higher risks of default. Consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower's continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances.

Other Real Estate

and Repossessed Assets

Owned:

Real estate properties and other repossessed assets, which are primarily vehicles, acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell at the date of acquisition, establishing a new cost basis. Any reduction to fair value from the carrying value of the related loan at the time of acquisition is accounted for as a loan loss. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. If the fair value declines after acquisition, a valuation allowance is recorded as a charge to income. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed. Gains and losses on disposition are reported as a charge to income.

Transfers of Financial Assets:

  Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been relinquished. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been isolated from the Corporation, the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and the Corporation does

not

maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Premises and Equipment:

Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the owned asset and, for leasehold improvements, generally over the lesser of the remaining term of the lease facility or the estimated economic life of the improvement. Useful lives range from

three

years for software to

thirty-nine

and

one

-half years for buildings.

Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance:

The Bank has purchased single-premium life insurance policies to insure the lives of current and former participants in the salary continuation plan. As of

June 

30,

2020,

the Bank had policies with total death benefits of

$19,067

and total cash surrender values of

$9,442.

As of

June 

30,

2019,

the Bank had policies with total death benefits of

$19,806

and total cash surrender values of

$9,606.

Bank owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement. Tax-exempt income is recognized from the periodic increases in cash surrender value of these policies.

Goodwill and Other

I

ntangible Assets:

Goodwill results from business acquisitions and represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities. Core deposit intangible assets arise from whole bank or branch acquisitions and are measured at fair value and then are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Goodwill is

not

amortized but is assessed at least annually for impairment. Any such impairment will be recognized in the period identified. The Corporation has selected

April 30

as the date to perform the annual impairment test, however based on the current economic conditions related to COVID-

19,

an interim assessment was completed as of

June 30, 2020.

Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on the Corporation's balance sheet.

Long-

T

erm Assets:

Premises, equipment and other long-term assets are reviewed for impairment when events indicate their carrying amount

may

not

be recoverable from future undiscounted cash flows. If impaired, the assets are recorded at fair value.

Repurchase Agreements:

Substantially all repurchase agreement liabilities, which are classified as short-term borrowings, represent amounts advanced by various customers. Securities are pledged to cover these liabilities, which are

not

covered by federal deposit insurance.

Retirement Plans:

The Bank maintains a

401

(k) savings and retirement plan covering all eligible employees and matching contributions are expensed as made. Salary continuation plan expense allocates the benefits over years of service.

Income Taxes:

The Corporation files a consolidated federal income tax return. Income tax expense is the sum of the current-year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The Corporation applies a more likely than

not

recognition threshold for all tax uncertainties in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is more likely than

not

that the position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit greater than

50%

likely of being realized on examination. The Corporation recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. 

Earnings per Common Share:

Basic earnings per common share is net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share includes the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable upon the vesting of restricted stock awards.

Stock-Based Compensation:

Compensation cost is recognized for restricted stock awards issued to employees over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period. The fair value of restricted stock awards is estimated by using the market price of the Corporation's common stock at the date of grant. For awards with graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.

Comprehensive Income:

Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale, which are also recognized as a separate component of equity, net of tax.

Loss Contingencies:

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does

not

believe there are such matters that will have a material effect on the Corporation's financial statements.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments:

Fair value of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note

15

of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, discounted cash flows, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.

Dividend Restrictions:

Banking regulations require maintaining certain capital levels and

may

limit the dividends paid by the Bank to the holding company or by the holding company to shareholders.

Reclassifications:

Certain reclassifications have been made to the

June 

30,

2019

financial statements to be comparable to the

June 

30,

2020

presentation. The reclassifications had

no

impact on prior year net income or shareholders' equity.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

: In

February 2016,

FASB issued accounting standards update (ASU)

2016

-

02,

Leases (Topic

842

)

. This ASU requires all organizations that lease assets to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. Additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures are required so users can understand more about the nature of an entity's leasing activities. The new guidance was effective for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after

December 15, 2018.

The Corporation has several lease agreements, such as branch locations, which were previously considered operating leases, and therefore,

not

recognized on the Corporation's consolidated condensed statements of financial condition. The new guidance requires these lease agreements to now be recognized on the consolidated condensed statements of financial condition as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. As of

July 1, 2019,

the Corporation adopted ASU

2016

-

02

using the modified retrospective method. There was

no

cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings for the period of adoption. As of

June 30, 2020,

the Corporation had contractual operating lease commitments of

$473.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Not

Yet Effective:

In

June 2016,

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU

2016

-

13,

Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic

326

): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU adds a new Topic

326

to the codification and removes the thresholds that companies apply to measure credit losses on financial instruments measured at amortized cost, such as loans, receivables, and held-to-maturity debt securities. Under current U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, companies generally recognize credit losses when it is probable that the loss has been incurred. The revised guidance will remove all current loss recognition thresholds and will require companies to recognize an allowance for credit losses for the difference between the amortized cost basis of a financial instrument and the amount of amortized cost that the corporation expects to collect over the instrument's contractual life. ASU

2016

-

13

also amends the credit loss measurement guidance for available-for-sale debt securities and beneficial interests in securitized financial assets. The guidance in ASU

2016

-

13

is effective for “public business entities,” as defined in the guidance, that are SEC filers for fiscal years and for interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after

December 15, 2019.

Early adoption of the guidance is permitted for fiscal years beginning after

December 15, 2018,

including interim periods within those fiscal years. However, during

July 2019,

FASB unanimously voted for a proposal to delay this ASU to

January 2023

for smaller reporting companies. On

October 16, 2019,

FASB approved a final ASU delaying the effective date. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after

December 15, 2022

for certain entities, including smaller reporting companies. The Corporation is a smaller reporting company.