10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020
OR
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from___________ to _____________

Commission File Number 1-14180

Loral Space & Communications Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	87‑0748324
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
600 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York	10020
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(212) 697‑1105

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Voting Common stock, $.01 par value	LORL	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer         ☐	Accelerated filer	☑
Non-accelerated filer           ☐	Smaller reporting company	☑
	Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2 of the Act) Yes ☐ No ☑

As of May 6, 2020, 21,427,078 shares of the registrant’s voting common stock and 9,505,673 shares of the registrant’s non-voting common stock were outstanding.

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

INDEX TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 Financial Statements (Unaudited)	Page No.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019	6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 4 Disclosure Controls and Procedures	35
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1 Legal Proceedings	36
Item 1A Risk Factors	36
Item 6 Exhibits	38
Signatures	39

2

PART I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	255,198	$	259,067
Income tax refund receivable		1,193		576
Other current assets		1,600		1,322
Total current assets		257,991		260,965
Right-of-use asset		831		988
Income tax refund receivable, non-current		—		387
Investments in affiliates		4,173		90,184
Deferred tax assets		36,301		37,945
Other assets		340		341
Total assets	$	299,636	$	390,810
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accrued employment costs	$	1,132	$	2,611
Other current liabilities		2,204		2,883
Total current liabilities		3,336		5,494
Pension and other post-retirement liabilities		17,061		17,447
Other liabilities		19,265		17,842
Total liabilities		39,662		40,783
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, 0.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares		—		—
issued and outstanding
Common Stock:
Voting common stock, 0.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized,
21,581,572 issued		216		216
Non-voting common stock, 0.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized
9,505,673 issued and outstanding		95		95
Paid-in capital		1,019,988		1,019,988
Treasury stock (at cost), 154,494 shares of voting common stock		(9,592)		(9,592)
Accumulated deficit		(727,109)		(605,766)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(23,624)		(54,914)
Total shareholders' equity		259,974		350,027
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	299,636	$	390,810

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

3

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
General and administrative expenses	$	(1,648)	$	(1,803)
Operating loss		(1,648)		(1,803)
Interest and investment income		937		1,602
Interest expense		(5)		(5)
Other expense		(1,437)		(1,216)
Loss before income taxes and equity in net (loss) income of affiliates		(2,153)		(1,422)
Income tax provision		(2,116)		(2,066)
Loss before equity in net (loss) income of affiliates		(4,269)		(3,488)
Equity in net (loss) income of affiliates		(117,074)		42,004
Net (loss) income		(121,343)		38,516
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		31,290		(6,406)
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(90,053)	$	32,110
Net (loss) income per share:
Basic	$	(3.92)	$	1.25
Diluted	$	(3.92)	$	1.23
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		30,933		30,933
Diluted		30,933		31,008

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

4

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock								Treasury Stock					Accumulated
	Voting			Non-Voting					Voting					Other
	Shares			Shares			Paid-In					Accumulated		Comprehensive		Shareholders'
	Issued	Amount		Issued	Amount		Capital		Shares	Amount		Deficit		Loss		Equity
Balance, January 1, 2019	21,582	$	216	9,506	$	95	$	1,019,988	154	$	(9,592)	$	(695,521)	$	(17,620)	$	297,566
Net income													38,516
Other comprehensive loss															(6,406)
Comprehensive income																	32,110
Balance, March 31, 2019	21,582		216	9,506		95		1,019,988	154		(9,592)		(657,005)		(24,026)		329,676
Net income													51,239
Other comprehensive loss															(30,888)
Comprehensive income																	20,351
Balance, December 31, 2019	21,582		216	9,506		95		1,019,988	154		(9,592)		(605,766)		(54,914)		350,027
Net loss													(121,343)
Other comprehensive income															31,290
Comprehensive loss																	(90,053)
Balance, March 31, 2020	21,582	$	216	9,506	$	95	$	1,019,988	154	$	(9,592)	$	(727,109)	$	(23,624)	$	259,974

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

5

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$	(121,343)	$	38,516
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash used in operating activities:
Non-cash operating items (Note 2)		118,945		(40,300)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other current assets		(278)		(575)
Accrued employment costs and other current liabilities		(1,498)		(1,328)
Income tax refund receivable		(903)		3,021
Pension and other post-retirement liabilities		(386)		81
Other liabilities		1,594		447
Net cash used in operating activities		(3,869)		(138)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (Note 2) — period decrease		(3,869)		(138)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (Note 2) — beginning of year		259,371		257,251
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash — end of period	$	255,502	$	257,113

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

6

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Organization and Principal Business

Loral Space & Communications Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“Loral,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us”) is a leading satellite communications company engaged, through our ownership interests in affiliates, in satellite-based communications services.

Description of Business

Loral has one operating segment consisting of satellite-based communications services. Loral participates in satellite services operations primarily through its ownership interest in Telesat Canada (“Telesat”), a leading global satellite operator. Loral holds a 62.7% economic interest and a 32.6% voting interest in Telesat. We use the equity method of accounting for our ownership interest in Telesat (see Note 5).

Telesat owns and leases a satellite fleet that operates in geostationary earth orbit approximately 22,000 miles above the equator. In this orbit, satellites remain in a fixed position relative to points on the earth’s surface and provide reliable, high-bandwidth services anywhere in their coverage areas, serving as the backbone for many forms of telecommunications. Telesat is also developing a global constellation of low earth orbit (“LEO”) satellites. LEO satellites operate in a circular orbit around the earth with an altitude typically between 500 and 870 miles. Unlike geostationary orbit satellites that operate in a fixed orbital location above the equator, LEO satellites travel around the earth at high velocities requiring antennas on the ground to track their movement. LEO satellite systems have the potential to offer a number of advantages over geostationary orbit satellites to meet growing requirements for broadband services, both consumer and commercial, by providing increased data speeds and capacity, global coverage, and latency on par with, or potentially better than, terrestrial services.

2. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and, in our opinion, include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations, financial position and cash flows as of the balance sheet dates presented and for the periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to SEC rules. We believe that the disclosures made are adequate to keep the information presented from being misleading. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

The December 31, 2019 balance sheet has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.

Investments in Affiliates

Our ownership interest in Telesat is accounted for using the equity method of accounting under U.S. GAAP. Telesat’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with international financial reporting standards (“IFRS”). To allow our reporting of our investment in Telesat under U.S. GAAP, Telesat provides us with a reconciliation of its financial statements from IFRS to U.S. GAAP. Income and losses of Telesat are recorded based on our economic interest. The contribution of Loral Skynet, a wholly owned subsidiary of Loral prior to its contribution to Telesat in 2007, was recorded by Loral at the historical book value of our retained interest combined with the gain recognized on the contribution. However, the contribution was recorded by Telesat at fair value. Accordingly, the amortization of Telesat fair value adjustments applicable to the Loral Skynet assets and liabilities acquired by Telesat in 2007 is proportionately eliminated in determining our share of the net income of Telesat. Our equity in net income or loss of Telesat also reflects amortization of profits eliminated, to the extent of our economic interest in Telesat, on satellites we constructed for Telesat while we owned Space Systems/Loral, LLC (formerly known as Space Systems/Loral, Inc.) (“SSL”) and on Loral’s sale to Telesat in April 2011 of its portion of the payload on the ViaSat-1 satellite and related assets. Non-refundable cash distributions received from Telesat in excess of our initial investment

7

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

and our share of cumulative equity in comprehensive income of Telesat, net of cash distributions received in prior periods, are recorded as equity in net income of Telesat (“Excess Cash Distribution”) since we have no obligation to provide future financial support to Telesat. After receiving an Excess Cash Distribution, we do not record additional equity in net income of Telesat until our share of Telesat’s future net income exceeds the Excess Cash Distribution. Equity in losses of affiliates is not recognized after the carrying value of an investment, including advances and loans, has been reduced to zero, unless guarantees or other funding obligations exist. We had no guarantees or other funding obligations for our equity method investments as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. We use the nature of distribution approach to classify distributions from equity method investments on the statements of cash flows. The Company monitors its equity method investments for factors indicating other-than-temporary impairment. An impairment loss is recognized when there has been a loss in value of the affiliate that is other‑than-temporary.

Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the amount of income (loss) reported for the period. Actual results could materially differ from estimates.

Significant estimates also included the allowances for doubtful accounts, income taxes, including the valuation of deferred tax assets, the fair value of liabilities indemnified, the dilutive effect of Telesat stock options (see Note 10) and our pension liabilities.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

As of March 31, 2020, the Company had $255.2 million of cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include liquid investments, primarily money market funds, with maturities of less than 90 days at the time of purchase. Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase and at each balance sheet date. 

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had restricted cash of $0.3 million, representing the amount pledged as collateral to the issuer of a standby letter of credit (the “LC”). The LC, which expires in August 2021, has been provided as a guaranty to the lessor of our corporate offices.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheet to the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	255,198	$	259,067
Restricted cash included in other assets		304		304
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	255,502	$	259,371

8

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and receivables. Our cash and cash equivalents are maintained with high-credit-quality financial institutions. As of March 31, 2020, our cash and cash equivalents were invested primarily in two liquid Government AAA money market funds. As of December 31, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents were invested primarily in several liquid Prime and Government AAA money market funds. Such funds are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The dispersion across funds reduces the exposure of a default at any one fund.  As a result, management believes that its potential credit risks are minimal.

Fair Value Measurements

U.S. GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received for an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants. U.S. GAAP also establishes a fair value hierarchy that gives the highest priority to observable inputs and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1: Inputs represent a fair value that is derived from unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities traded in active markets at the measurement date.

Level 2: Inputs represent a fair value that is derived from quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities, and pricing inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date.

Level 3: Inputs are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair values are therefore determined using model-based techniques that include option pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

The following table presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	251,244	$	—	$	—	$	256,915	$	—	$	—
Other current assets:
Indemnification - Sale of SSL		—		—		598		—		—		598
Liabilities
Other liabilities:
Indemnification - Globalstar do Brasil S.A.	$	—	$	—	$	145	$	—	$	—	$	145

The carrying amount of money market funds approximates fair value as of each reporting date because of the short maturity of those instruments.

The Company did not have any non-financial assets or non-financial liabilities that were recognized or disclosed at fair value as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

9

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis

We review the carrying values of our equity method investments when events and circumstances warrant and consider all available evidence in evaluating when declines in fair value are other-than-temporary. The fair values of our investments are determined based on valuation techniques using the best information available and may include quoted market prices, market comparables and discounted cash flow projections. An impairment charge is recorded when the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its current fair value and is determined to be other-than-temporary.

The asset resulting from the indemnification of SSL is for certain pre-closing taxes and reflects the excess of payments since inception over refunds and the estimated liability, which was originally determined using the fair value objective approach. The estimated liability for indemnifications relating to Globalstar do Brasil S.A. (“GdB”), originally determined using expected value analysis, is net of payments since inception.

Contingencies

Contingencies by their nature relate to uncertainties that require management to exercise judgment both in assessing the likelihood that a liability has been incurred as well as in estimating the amount of potential loss, if any. We accrue for costs relating to litigation, claims and other contingent matters when such liabilities become probable and reasonably estimable. Such estimates may be based on advice from third parties or on management’s judgment, as appropriate. Actual amounts paid may differ from amounts estimated, and such differences will be charged to operations in the period in which the final determination of the liability is made.

Income Taxes

Loral and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxation on their worldwide income and foreign taxation on certain income from sources outside the United States. Telesat is subject to tax in Canada and other jurisdictions, and Loral will provide in each period any additional U.S. current and deferred tax required on actual or deemed distributions from Telesat, including Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”). Deferred income taxes reflect the future tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial and income tax reporting and are measured by applying anticipated statutory tax rates in effect for the year during which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The tax benefit of an uncertain tax position (“UTP”) taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns is recognized only if it is “more likely than not” to be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on its technical merits as of the reporting date. The tax benefit recognized in the financial statements from such a position is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income taxes in income tax expense on a quarterly basis.

The unrecognized tax benefit of a UTP is recognized in the period when the UTP is effectively settled. Previously recognized tax positions are derecognized in the first period in which it is no longer more likely than not that the tax position would be sustained upon examination.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed based upon the weighted average number of shares of voting and non-voting common stock outstanding during each period. Shares of non-voting common stock are in all respects identical to and treated equally with shares of voting common stock except for the absence of voting rights (other than as provided in Loral’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation which was ratified by Loral’s stockholders on May 19, 2009). Diluted earnings per share are based on the weighted average number of shares of voting and non-voting common stock outstanding during each period, adjusted for the effect of unconverted restricted stock units. For diluted earnings per share, earnings are adjusted for the dilutive effect of Telesat stock options and restricted share units.

10

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU No. 2018-13 eliminates, amends, and adds disclosure requirements to improve the effectiveness of fair value measurement disclosures. While certain amendments are to be applied prospectively, all other amendments are to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The new guidance, adopted by the Company on January 1, 2020, did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB amended the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) by creating ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). ASC Topic 842 requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a lease term greater than 12 months. The main difference between previous U.S. GAAP and ASC Topic 842 is the recognition under ASC 842 of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous U.S. GAAP. We adopted ASC 842 in the first quarter of 2019 utilizing the modified retrospective method with a practical expedient through a cumulative-effect adjustment at the beginning of the first quarter of 2019. As a result, on January 1, 2019, we recognized a right-of-use asset and lease liability for an operating lease of approximately $0.3 million on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Subsequent Event

On April 30, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a special dividend of $5.50 per share for an aggregate dividend of approximately $170.5 million. The special dividend is payable on May 28, 2020 to holders of record of Loral voting and non-voting common stock as of the close of business on May 14, 2020.

Additional Cash Flow Information

The following represents non-cash activities and supplemental information to the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Non-cash operating items:
Equity in net loss (income) of affiliates	$	117,074	$	(42,004)
Deferred taxes		1,569		1,464
Depreciation and amortization		1		6
Right-of-use asset, net of lease liability		(1)		4
Amortization of prior service credit and actuarial loss		302		230
Net non-cash operating items	$	118,945	$	(40,300)
Supplemental information:
Interest paid	$	5	$	5
Income tax refunds	$	178	$	2,980
Income tax payments	$	63	$	101

11

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

3. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, are as follows (in thousands):

			Equity in
	Pension and		Telesat-related		Accumulated
	Other		Other		Other
	Post-retirement		Comprehensive		Comprehensive
	Benefits		Loss		Loss
Balance, January 1, 2019	$	(14,656)	$	(2,964)	$	(17,620)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification		(2,307)		(35,783)		(38,090)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		796		—		796
Net current-period other comprehensive income		(1,511)		(35,783)		(37,294)
Balance, December 31, 2019		(16,167)		(38,747)		(54,914)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification		—		31,051		31,051
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		239		—		239
Net current-period other comprehensive income		239		31,051		31,290
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	(15,928)	$	(7,696)	$	(23,624)

The components of other comprehensive income (loss) and related tax effects are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020							2019
	Before-Tax			Tax		Net-of-Tax		Before-Tax			Tax (Provision)		Net-of-Tax
	Amount			Provision		Amount		Amount			Benefit		Amount
Amortization of prior service credits
and net actuarial loss	$	302	(a)	$	(63)	$	239	$	230	(a)	$	(48)	$	182
Equity in Telesat-related other
comprehensive income (loss)		31,063			(12)		31,051		(6,589)			1		(6,588)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	31,365		$	(75)	$	31,290	$	(6,359)		$	(47)	$	(6,406)

(a)Reclassifications are included in other expense.

4. Other Current Assets

Other current assets consists of (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Indemnification receivable from SSL for pre-closing taxes (see Note 13)	$	598	$	598
Due from affiliates		96		186
Prepaid expenses		790		164
Other		116		374
	$	1,600	$	1,322

12

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

5. Investments in Affiliates

Investments in affiliates consist of (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Telesat	$	4,173	$	90,184

Equity in net (loss) income of affiliates consists of (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Telesat	$	(117,074)	$	42,004

Telesat

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we held a 62.7% economic interest and a 32.6% voting interest in Telesat. We use the equity method of accounting for our majority economic interest in Telesat because we own 32.6% of the voting stock and do not exercise control by other means to satisfy the U.S. GAAP requirement for treatment as a consolidated subsidiary. We have also concluded that Telesat is not a variable interest entity for which we are the primary beneficiary. Loral’s equity in net income or loss of Telesat is based on our proportionate share of Telesat’s results in accordance with U.S. GAAP and in U.S. dollars. Our proportionate share of Telesat’s net income or loss is based on our economic interest as our holdings consist of common stock and non-voting participating preferred shares that have all the rights of common stock with respect to dividends, return of capital and surplus distributions, but have no voting rights.

In addition to recording our share of equity in net loss of Telesat, we also recorded our share of equity in other comprehensive income of Telesat of $31.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

In the third quarter of 2019, we recorded an out-of-period correction to decrease our investment in Telesat and increase other comprehensive loss by $22.1 million. This non-cash adjustment was made to record the cumulative translation adjustment on our investment in Telesat from November 2007, when we first acquired our ownership interest in Telesat, to December 31, 2018. The adjustment resulted from translating our share of Telesat’s equity from Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars at historical foreign exchange rates in accordance with ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters, as required by ASC 323, Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures. Previously, we translated our share of Telesat’s equity from Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars at current foreign exchange rates at each balance sheet date.  This adjustment had no effect on our equity in net income (loss) of Telesat for any current or prior reporting period.  The Company has not revised its financial statements for prior periods for this adjustment, including for the three months ended March 31, 2019, based on its belief that the effect of such adjustment is not material to the financial statements taken as a whole. 

On January 1, 2019, Telesat adopted ASC 842, Leases, for its U.S. GAAP reporting which we use to record our equity income in Telesat. Telesat adopted the new guidance using the modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard being recorded on the balance sheet. As a result, on January 1, 2019, Telesat recognized a right-of-use asset of $19.6 million and lease liability of $20.0 million on its condensed consolidated balance sheet.

On October 11, 2019, Telesat issued $550.0 million of 6.5% senior notes maturing in October 2027. The 6.5% senior notes are effectively subordinated to Telesat’s secured indebtedness, including the obligations under its senior secured credit facilities and its 4.875% senior secured notes.

On October 11, 2019, Telesat used the net proceeds from the 6.5% senior notes offering together with available cash on hand to redeem its $500 million 8.875% senior notes due November 15, 2024 by repaying all outstanding amounts, including principal, redemption premium and discounted interest to November 15, 2019.

13

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

On December 6, 2019, Telesat entered into amended senior secured credit facilities which provide for term loan borrowings of $1,908.5 million which mature in December 2026 and revolving credit facilities of up to $200 million (or Canadian dollar equivalent) which mature in December 2024. Telesat also issued, through a private placement, $400 million of 4.875% senior secured notes which mature in June 2027.

On December 6, 2019, Telesat repaid all outstanding amounts, including related fees and expenses, under its former senior secured credit facilities.

The ability of Telesat to pay dividends or certain other restricted payments in cash to Loral is governed by applicable covenants in Telesat’s debt and shareholder agreements. Telesat’s credit agreement governing its senior secured credit facilities limits, among other items, Telesat’s ability to incur debt and make dividend payments if the total leverage ratio (“Total Leverage Ratio”) is above 4.50:1.00, with certain exceptions. As of March 31, 2020, Telesat’s Total Leverage Ratio was 5.10:1.00. Telesat is, however, permitted to pay annual consulting fees of $5.0 million to Loral in cash (see Note 14).

The following table presents summary financial data for Telesat in accordance with U.S. GAAP as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Balance Sheet Data:
Current assets	$	934,012	$	877,294
Total assets		3,938,886		4,130,337
Current liabilities		143,850		124,217
Long-term debt, including current portion		2,834,182		2,836,700
Total liabilities		3,468,535		3,504,594
Shareholders’ equity		470,351		625,743

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues	$	158,565	$	167,644
Operating expenses		(35,855)		(40,569)
Depreciation and amortization		(45,417)		(51,208)
Other operating expense		(167)		(55)
Operating income		77,126		75,812
Interest expense		(41,547)		(46,843)
Foreign exchange (loss) gain		(221,643)		52,469
Loss on financial instruments		(7,005)		(15,112)
Other income		4,078		3,834
Income tax benefit (provision)		682		(4,555)
Net (loss) income	$	(188,309)	$	65,605

Other

We own 56% of XTAR, a joint venture between us and Hisdesat Servicios Estrategicos, S.A. (“Hisdesat”) of Spain. We account for our ownership interest in XTAR under the equity method of accounting because we do not control certain of its significant operating decisions. We have also concluded that XTAR is not a variable interest entity for which we are the primary beneficiary. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the carrying value of our investment in XTAR was zero. Beginning January 1, 2016, we discontinued providing for our allocated share of XTAR’s net losses as our investment was reduced to zero and we have no commitment to provide further financial support to XTAR.

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LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

XTAR owns and operates an X-band satellite, XTAR-EUR, located at 29° E.L., which is designed to provide X-band communications services exclusively to United States, Spanish and allied government users throughout the satellite’s coverage area, including Europe, the Middle East and Asia. XTAR also leases 7.2 72MHz X-band transponders on the Spainsat satellite located at 30° W.L., owned by Hisdesat. These transponders, designated as XTAR-LANT, provide capacity to XTAR for additional X-band services and greater coverage and flexibility.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company also held an indirect ownership interest in a foreign company that currently serves as the exclusive service provider for Globalstar service in Mexico. The Company accounts for this ownership interest using the equity method of accounting. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019,  the carrying value of this investment was zero. Loral has written-off its investment in this company and has no future funding requirements relating to this investment. Accordingly, there is no requirement for us to provide for our allocated share of this company’s net losses. This company is currently in the process of dissolution and liquidation in Mexico, and Loral believes that it will not have any liability associated with this company upon completion of this process.

6. Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consists of (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Operating lease liability	$	665	$	652
Due to affiliate		129		5
Accrued professional fees		1,282		1,419
Pension and other post-retirement liabilities		77		77
Income taxes payable		—		673
Accrued liabilities		51		57
	$	2,204	$	2,883

7. Income Taxes

The following summarizes our income tax provision (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Current income tax provision	$	(547)	$	(602)
Deferred income tax provision		(1,569)		(1,464)
Income tax provision	$	(2,116)	$	(2,066)

For the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, our income tax provision is computed by applying an expected effective annual tax rate against the pre-tax results for each period (after adjusting for certain tax items that are discrete to each period). The current income tax provision for each period includes our anticipated income tax liability related to GILTI from Telesat and our provision for UTPs. The deferred income tax provision for each period includes the impact of equity in net (loss) income of affiliates from our condensed consolidated statement of operations and the periodic effect of our accounting for GILTI.

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LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

To the extent that profitability from operations is not sufficient to realize the benefit from our remaining net deferred tax assets, we would generate sufficient taxable income from the appreciated value of our Telesat investment in order to prevent federal net operating losses from expiring and realize the benefit of all remaining deferred tax assets.

The following summarizes amounts for UTPs included in our income tax provision (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Current provision for UTPs	$	(476)	$	(460)
Deferred benefit for UTPs		100		93
Tax provision for UTPs	$	(376)	$	(367)

As of March 31, 2020, we had unrecognized tax benefits relating to UTPs of $43 million. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income taxes in income tax expense on a quarterly basis. As of March 31, 2020, we have accrued no penalties and approximately $2.5 million for the potential payment of tax-related interest.

With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state or local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2014. Earlier years related to certain foreign jurisdictions remain subject to examination. To the extent allowed by law, the tax authorities may have the right to examine prior periods where net operating losses were generated and carried forward, and make adjustments up to the amount of the net operating loss carryforward. While we intend to contest any future tax assessments for uncertain tax positions, no assurance can be provided that we would ultimately prevail. Pursuant to the purchase agreement for the sale of SSL, we are obligated to indemnify SSL for certain taxes related to periods prior to the closing of the transaction.

As of March 31, 2020, if our positions are sustained by the taxing authorities, the Company’s income tax provision would be reduced by approximately $7.7 million. We do not anticipate any significant change to our unrecognized tax benefits during the next twelve months.

8. Other Liabilities

Other liabilities consists of (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Operating lease liability	$	174	$	345
Indemnification liabilities - other (see Note 13)		145		145
Liabilities for uncertain tax positions		18,946		17,352
	$	19,265	$	17,842

9. Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Plans

The Loral amended and restated 2005 stock incentive plan (the “Stock Incentive Plan”) which allowed for the grant of several forms of stock-based compensation awards including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock bonuses and other stock-based awards, had a ten-year term and has expired. The Company granted 75,262 restricted stock units under the Stock Incentive Plan that are vested, do not expire and remained unconverted as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

16

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

10. Earnings Per Share

Telesat has awarded employee stock options, which, if exercised, would result in dilution of Loral’s economic ownership interest in Telesat from 62.7% to approximately 62.3%.

The following table presents the dilutive impact of Telesat stock options on Loral’s reported net income for the purpose of computing diluted earnings per share (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended
		March 31, 2019
Net income — basic	$	38,516
Less: Adjustment for dilutive effect of Telesat stock options		(254)
Net income — diluted	$	38,262

Telesat stock options are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as the effect would be antidilutive.

Basic income per share is computed based upon the weighted average number of share of voting and non-voting common stock outstanding. The following is the computation of common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019
Weighted average common shares outstanding	30,933
Unconverted restricted stock units	75
Common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share	31,008

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the following unconverted restricted stock units are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share as the effect would have been antidilutive (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020
Unconverted restricted stock units	75

11. Pensions and Other Employee Benefit Plans

The following tables provide the components of net periodic cost for our qualified retirement plan (the “Pension Benefits”) and health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees and dependents (the “Other Benefits”) for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019(in thousands):

	Pension Benefits				Other Benefits
	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Service cost (1)	$	181	$	178	$	—	$	—
Interest cost (2)		440		510		4		5
Expected return on plan assets (2)		(669)		(607)		—		—
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain) (2)		303		231		(1)		(1)
Net periodic cost	$	255	$	312	$	3	$	4

(1)Included in general and administrative expenses.

(2)Included in other expense.

17

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

12. Financial Instruments, Derivative Instruments and Hedging

Financial Instruments

The carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.

Foreign Currency

We are subject to the risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. To limit this foreign exchange rate exposure, we attempt to denominate all contracts in U.S. dollars. Where appropriate, derivatives are used to minimize the risk of foreign exchange rate fluctuations to operating results and cash flows. We do not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Derivatives and Hedging Transactions

There were no derivative instruments as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Financial Matters

In 2012, we sold our former subsidiary, SSL, to MDA Communications Holdings, Inc., a subsidiary of Maxar Technologies Inc. (formerly known as MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd.) (“MDA”) pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, we are obligated to indemnify MDA and its affiliates from liabilities with respect to certain pre-closing taxes. Our condensed consolidated balance sheets include an indemnification refund receivable of $0.6 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Certain tax assessments against SSL for 2007 to 2010 have been settled, resulting in our having received during the second and third quarters of 2019 refunds of prior indemnification payments totaling $1.8 million. The remaining receivable as of March 31, 2020 represents payments to date over the estimated fair value of the remaining liability for our indemnification of SSL pre-closing taxes where the final amounts have not yet been determined. Where appropriate, we intend vigorously to contest the underlying tax assessments, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful. Although no assurance can be provided, we do not believe that these tax-related matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

In connection with the sale in 2008 by Loral and certain of its subsidiaries and DASA Globalstar LLC to Globalstar Inc. of their respective interests in GdB, the Globalstar Brazilian service provider, Loral agreed to indemnify Globalstar Inc. and GdB for certain GdB pre-closing liabilities, primarily related to Brazilian taxes. Our condensed consolidated balance sheets include liabilities of $0.1 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 for indemnification liabilities relating to the sale of GdB.

See Note 14 — Related Party Transactions — Transactions with Affiliates —Telesat for commitments and contingencies relating to our agreement to indemnify Telesat for certain liabilities.

Lease Arrangements

We lease a facility and certain equipment under agreements expiring at various dates. We may renew, extend or modify the lease covering our facilities as needed. We have no sublease income in any of the periods presented.

We changed our method of accounting for leases in the first quarter of 2019 due to the adoption of ASC 842. We adopted ASC 842 as of January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition method and elected to apply the transition as of the beginning of the period of adoption.

18

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Upon adoption of ASC 842, we recognized a right-of-use asset and lease liability of $0.3 million for an operating lease on our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019. In March 2019, the operating lease was modified by extending the lease termination date from June 30, 2019 to June 30, 2020 and increasing the rent for the extension period. In December 2019, the operating lease was further modified by extending the lease termination date to June 30, 2021.

Lease costs expensed for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

	Lease Expense
Three months ended March 31, 2020	$	174
Three months ended March 31, 2019		163

Lease payments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were $0.2 million. The remaining lease term as of March 31, 2020 is 15 months and we used a discount rate of 7.5% to compute the lease liability. The right-of-use asset is being amortized over the life of the lease.

The following is a reconciliation of the lease liability to future lease payments as of March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

2020 (April 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020)	$	526
2021		350
Total operating lease payments		876
Less: Interest		(37)
Operating lease liability	$	839
Amounts recognized in Balance Sheet
Other current liabilities	$	665
Other liabilities		174
	$	839

Legal Proceedings

We are not currently subject to any legal proceedings that, if decided adversely, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. In the future, however, we may become subject to legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, that may arise in the ordinary course of business or otherwise.

14. Related Party Transactions

MHR Fund Management LLC

Mark H. Rachesky, President and Chief Investment Officer of MHR Fund Management LLC (“MHR”), and Janet T. Yeung, a principal and the General Counsel of MHR, are members of Loral’s board of directors.

Various funds affiliated with MHR and Dr. Rachesky held, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximately 39.9% of the outstanding voting common stock and 58.4% of the combined outstanding voting and non-voting common stock of Loral.

Transactions with Affiliates

Telesat

As described in Note 5, we own a  62.7% economic interest and a  32.6% voting interest in Telesat and account for our ownership interest under the equity method of accounting.

19

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

In connection with the acquisition of our ownership interest in Telesat (which we refer to as the Telesat transaction), Loral and certain of its subsidiaries, our Canadian co-owner, Public Sector Pension Investment Board (“PSP”) and one of its subsidiaries, Telesat and MHR entered into a Shareholders Agreement (the “Shareholders Agreement”). The Shareholders Agreement provides for, among other things, the manner in which the affairs of Telesat and its subsidiaries will be conducted and the relationships among the parties thereto and future shareholders of Telesat. The Shareholders Agreement also contains an agreement by Loral not to engage in a competing satellite communications business and agreements by the parties to the Shareholders Agreement not to solicit employees of Telesat or any of its subsidiaries. Additionally, the Shareholders Agreement details the matters requiring the approval of the shareholders of Telesat (including veto rights for Loral over certain extraordinary actions) and provides for preemptive rights for certain shareholders upon the issuance of certain capital shares of Telesat. The Shareholders Agreement also (i) restricts the ability of holders of certain shares of Telesat to transfer such shares unless certain conditions are met or approval of the transfer is granted by the directors of Telesat, (ii) provides for a right of first offer to certain Telesat shareholders if a holder of equity shares of Telesat wishes to sell any such shares to a third party and (iii) provides for, in certain circumstances, tag-along rights in favor of shareholders that are not affiliated with Loral if Loral sells equity shares and drag-along rights in favor of Loral in case Loral or its affiliate enters into an agreement to sell all of its Telesat equity securities.

In addition, the Shareholders Agreement provides for either PSP or Loral to initiate the process of conducting an initial public offering of the equity shares of Telesat (a “Telesat IPO”). In connection with our exploration of strategic initiatives to alter the status quo in our ownership of Telesat, in July 2015, we exercised our right under the Shareholders Agreement to require Telesat to conduct a Telesat IPO. Specifically, we requested that Telesat issue not more than 25 million newly issued shares of Telesat voting common stock. We also requested the termination of the Shareholders Agreement and the elimination of certain provisions in Telesat’s Articles of Incorporation, both of which we believe are important for a successful public offering. If those provisions are eliminated, an impediment to the conversion of our non-voting Telesat shares to voting shares would be eliminated. Termination or modification of the Shareholders Agreement and conversion of our non-voting shares to voting shares would enable us, after a Telesat IPO and subject to the receipt of any necessary regulatory approvals, to obtain majority voting control of Telesat. To date, we and PSP have not reached agreement on governance matters following a Telesat IPO. In the event a strategic transaction to combine Loral and Telesat into one public company that we are pursuing is not likely to be achievable in a timely manner or on satisfactory terms, we may further pursue our right to a Telesat IPO. There can be no assurance as to whether, when or on what terms a Telesat IPO, termination or modification of the Shareholders Agreement or any requested changes to Telesat’s Articles of Incorporation may occur or that any particular economic, tax, structural or other objectives or benefits with respect to a Telesat IPO will be achieved. If a Telesat IPO is expected to proceed under unfavorable terms or at an unfavorable price, we may withdraw our demand for a Telesat IPO.

Depending upon the outcome of discussions with PSP relating to Telesat strategic matters, we may assert certain claims against PSP for actions we believe violated our rights relating to the affairs of Telesat under the Telesat Shareholders Agreement and otherwise. In response to our claims, PSP has informed us that it believes that it may have claims against us, although we are not aware of the legal or factual basis for any such claims. We and PSP have agreed that, pending the outcome of our discussions, it would be beneficial to delay the commencement of any action relating to either party’s claims and have entered into an agreement (the “Tolling Agreement”) which preserves the parties’ rights to assert against one another legal claims relating to Telesat. We also included Telesat as a party to the Tolling Agreement because, as a technical matter of Canadian law and for purposes of potentially seeking equitable relief, Telesat may be a necessary party. There can be no assurance that if the Tolling Agreement lapses that we and PSP will not pursue legal claims against one another relating to Telesat. If we pursue claims against PSP, there can be no assurance that our claims will be successful or that the relief we seek will be granted. If PSP pursues claims against us, there can be no assurance that PSP will not prevail on its claims.

20

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Under the Shareholders Agreement, in the event that, except in certain limited circumstances, either (i) ownership or control, directly or indirectly, by Dr. Rachesky of Loral’s voting stock falls below certain levels other than in connection with certain specified circumstances, including an acquisition by a Strategic Competitor (as defined in the Shareholders Agreement) or (ii) there is a change in the composition of a majority of the members of the Loral Board of Directors over a consecutive two-year period without the approval of the incumbent directors, Loral will lose its veto rights relating to certain extraordinary actions by Telesat and its subsidiaries. In addition, after either of these events, PSP will have certain rights to enable it to exit from its investment in Telesat, including a right to cause Telesat to conduct an initial public offering in which PSP’s shares would be the first shares offered or, if no such offering has occurred within one year due to a lack of cooperation from Loral or Telesat, to cause the sale of Telesat and to drag along the other shareholders in such sale, subject to Loral’s right to call PSP’s shares at fair market value.

The Shareholders Agreement provides for a board of directors of Telesat consisting of 10 directors, three nominated by Loral, three nominated by PSP and four independent directors to be selected by a nominating committee comprised of one PSP nominee, one nominee of Loral and one of the independent directors then in office. Each party to the Shareholders Agreement is obligated to vote all of its Telesat shares for the election of the directors nominated by the nominating committee. Pursuant to action by the board of directors taken on October 31, 2007, Dr. Rachesky, who is non-executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of Loral, was appointed non-executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of Telesat. In addition, Michael B. Targoff, Loral’s Vice Chairman, serves on the board of directors of Telesat.

On October 31, 2007, Loral and Telesat entered into a consulting services agreement (the “Consulting Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the Consulting Agreement, Loral provides to Telesat certain non-exclusive consulting services in relation to the business of Loral Skynet which was transferred to Telesat as part of the Telesat transaction as well as with respect to certain aspects of the satellite communications business of Telesat. The Consulting Agreement has a term of seven-years with an automatic renewal for an additional seven-year term if Loral is not then in material default under the Shareholders Agreement. Upon expiration of the initial term on October 31, 2014, the Consulting Agreement was automatically renewed for the additional seven-year term. In exchange for Loral’s services under the Consulting Agreement, Telesat pays Loral an annual fee of $5.0 million, payable quarterly in arrears on the last day of March, June, September and December of each year during the term of the Consulting Agreement. Our general and administrative expenses are net of income related to the Consulting Agreement of $1.25 million for each of the three‑month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. For each of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, Loral received payments in cash from Telesat, net of withholding taxes, of $1.2 million for consulting fees.

In connection with the acquisition of our ownership interest in Telesat in 2007, Loral retained the benefit of tax recoveries related to the transferred assets and indemnified Telesat (“Telesat Indemnification”) for certain liabilities, including Loral Skynet’s tax liabilities arising prior to January 1, 2007. The Telesat Indemnification includes certain tax disputes currently under review in various jurisdictions including Brazil. The Brazilian tax authorities challenged Loral Skynet’s historical characterization of its revenue generated in Brazil for the years 2003 to 2006. Telesat received and challenged, on Loral Skynet’s behalf, tax assessments from Brazil totaling approximately $0.7 million. The Company believes that Loral Skynet’s filing position will ultimately be sustained requiring no payment under the Telesat Indemnification. There can be no assurance that there will be no future claims under the Telesat Indemnification related to tax disputes.

Loral’s employees and retirees participate in certain welfare plans sponsored or managed by Telesat. Loral pays Telesat an annual administrative fee of $0.1 million and reimburses Telesat for the plan costs attributable to Loral participants.

Loral, along with Telesat, PSP and 4440480 Canada Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Loral (the “Special Purchaser”), entered into stock option grant agreements (the “Stock Option Grant Agreements”) and a restricted stock unit grant agreement (the “RSU Grant Agreement,” and, together with the Stock Option Grant Agreements, the “Grant Agreements”) with respect to shares in Telesat with certain executives of Telesat (each, a “Participant” and collectively, the “Participants”). Each of the Participants is or was, at the time, an executive of Telesat.

21

LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The Stock Option Grant Agreements document grants to the Participants of Telesat stock options (including tandem SAR rights) and provide for certain rights, obligations and restrictions related to such stock options, which include, among other things: (w) the possible obligation of the Special Purchaser to purchase the shares in the place of Telesat should Telesat be prohibited by applicable law or under the terms of any credit agreement applicable to Telesat from purchasing such shares, or otherwise default on such purchase obligation, pursuant to the terms of the Stock Option Grant Agreements; and (x) the obligation of the Special Purchaser to purchase shares upon exercise by Telesat of its call right under Telesat’s Management Stock Incentive Plan in the event of a Participant’s termination of employment; and, in the case of certain executives, (y) the right of each such Participant to require the Special Purchaser or Loral to purchase a portion of the shares in Telesat owned by him in the event of exercise after termination of employment to cover taxes that are greater than the minimum withholding amount; and (z) the right of each such Participant to require Telesat to cause the Special Purchaser or Loral to purchase a portion of the shares in Telesat owned by him, or that are issuable to him under Telesat's Management Stock Incentive Plan at the relevant time, in the event that more than 90% of Loral’s common stock is acquired by an unaffiliated third party that does not also purchase all of PSP’s and its affiliates’ interest in Telesat.

The RSU Grant Agreement documents a grant to the Participant of restricted stock units with respect to shares in Telesat and provides for certain rights, obligations and restrictions related to such restricted stock units, which include, among other things:  (x) the possible obligation of the Special Purchaser to purchase the shares in the place of Telesat should Telesat be prohibited by applicable law or under the terms of any credit agreement applicable to Telesat from purchasing such shares, or otherwise default on such purchase obligation, pursuant to the terms of the RSU Grant Agreement; and (y) the obligation of the Special Purchaser to purchase shares upon exercise by Telesat of its call right under Telesat’s Management Stock Incentive Plan in the event of the termination of the Participant’s employment.

The Grant Agreements further provide that, in the event the Special Purchaser is required to purchase shares, such shares, together with the obligation to pay for such shares, shall be transferred to a subsidiary of the Special Purchaser, which subsidiary shall be wound up into Telesat, with Telesat agreeing to the acquisition of such subsidiary by Telesat from the Special Purchaser for nominal consideration and with the purchase price for the shares being paid by Telesat within ten (10) business days after completion of the winding-up of such subsidiary into Telesat.

Other

As described in Note 5, we own 56% of XTAR, a joint venture between Loral and Hisdesat and account for our investment in XTAR under the equity method of accounting. SSL constructed XTAR’s satellite, which was successfully launched in February 2005. XTAR and Loral have entered into a management agreement whereby Loral provides general and specific services of a technical, financial and administrative nature to XTAR. For the services provided by Loral, XTAR, until December 31, 2013, was charged a quarterly management fee equal to 3.7% of XTAR’s quarterly gross revenues. Amounts due to Loral primarily due to the management agreement were $6.6 million and $6.7 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Beginning in 2008, Loral and XTAR agreed to defer amounts owed to Loral under this agreement, and XTAR has agreed that its excess cash balance (as defined), will be applied at least quarterly towards repayment of its payables owed to Loral, as well as to Hisdesat and Telesat. No cash was received under this agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, and we had an allowance of $6.6 million against receivables from XTAR as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Loral and Hisdesat have agreed to waive future management fees for an indefinite period starting January 1, 2014.

Consulting Agreement

On December 14, 2012, Loral entered into a consulting agreement with Michael B. Targoff, Vice Chairman of the Company and former Chief Executive Officer and President. Pursuant to this agreement, Mr. Targoff is engaged as a part-time consultant to the Board to assist the Board with respect to the oversight of strategic matters relating to Telesat and XTAR. Under the agreement, Mr. Targoff receives consulting fees of $120,000 per month and reimburses the Company for certain expenses. For each of the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, Mr. Targoff earned $360,000 in consulting fees and reimbursed Loral net expenses of $11,250.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (the “financial statements”) included in Item 1 and our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

INDEX

Topic	Location
Overview	Page 23
Consolidated Operating Results	Page 27
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Loral	Page 30
Telesat	Page 31
Statements of Cash` Flows	Page 34
Affiliate Matters	Page 35
Commitments and Contingencies	Page 35
Other Matters	Page 35

Loral Space & Communications Inc., a Delaware corporation, together with its subsidiaries (“Loral,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us”) is a leading satellite communications company engaged, through our ownership interests in affiliates, in satellite-based communications services.

Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Except for the historical information contained in the following discussion and analysis, the matters discussed below are not historical facts, but are “forward-looking statements” as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In addition, we or our representatives have made and may continue to make forward-looking statements, orally or in writing, in other contexts. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “believes,” “expects,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “project,” “intend” or “outlook” or other variations of these words. These statements, including without limitation, those relating to Telesat, are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict or quantify. Actual events or results may differ materially as a result of a wide variety of factors and conditions, many of which are beyond our control. For a detailed discussion of these and other factors and conditions, please refer to the Commitments and Contingencies section below and to our other periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). We operate in an industry sector in which the value of securities may be volatile and may be influenced by economic and other factors beyond our control. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

Overview

Business

Loral has one operating segment consisting of satellite-based communications services. Loral participates in satellite services operations primarily through its ownership interest in Telesat Canada (“Telesat”), a leading global satellite operator. Telesat provides its satellite and communication services from a fleet of satellites that occupy Canadian and other orbital locations. Loral holds a 62.7% economic interest and a 32.6% voting interest in Telesat as of March 31, 2020.

At March 31, 2020, Telesat, with approximately $2.3 billion of backlog, provided satellite services to customers from its fleet of 16 in-orbit geostationary satellites and the Canadian Ka-band payload on the ViaSat‑1 satellite. Telesat is also developing a global constellation of low earth orbit (“LEO”) satellites. In January 2018, Telesat launched a Ka-band satellite into low earth orbit as part of its plans to deploy an advanced, global LEO constellation. This satellite is being used to perform testing and live demonstrations of certain features of Telesat’s LEO system design with existing Telesat customers and potential suppliers of Telesat LEO system hardware. These satellite leaders will be able to experience key advantages of Telesat’s LEO system — including ultra-low latency and high speeds — and assess the role Telesat’s constellation can play in their next-generation broadband networks.

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On July 24, 2019, Telesat announced that it had entered into a memorandum of understanding with the Government of Canada (“GoC”) regarding a partnership intended to ensure access to affordable high-speed internet connectivity across rural and remote areas of Canada through the development of the Telesat LEO constellation. The partnership is expected to generate CAD 1.2 billion in revenue for Telesat over 10 years, which includes a contribution of up to CAD 600 million from the GoC.

In May 2019, Telesat entered into an agreement with the GoC pursuant to which the GoC will contribute up to CAD 85 million through July 31, 2023 to support the development of the Telesat LEO constellation. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, Telesat received CAD 4.0 million relating to the agreement from the GoC.

In a number of countries, regulators plan to adopt new spectrum allocations for terrestrial mobile broadband and 5G, including certain C-band spectrum currently allocated to satellite services. Telesat currently uses C-band spectrum in a number of countries, including the United States and Canada. To the extent that Telesat’s C-band spectrum is made available for use for terrestrial mobile broadband and 5G, Telesat may be entitled to certain compensation.

On February 28, 2020, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) approved its Report and Order on Expanding Flexible Use of the 3.7 to 4.2 GHz Band, which Report and Order was released on March 3, 2020. The Report and Order indicated that Telesat could receive as much as $344.4 million from the repurposing of C‑band spectrum in the United States. In addition, Telesat will be entitled to reimbursement of reasonable clearing costs. Telesat’s ability to receive any proceeds would be subject to meeting certain conditions as set out in that Report and Order, including a requirement that satellite operators who wish to receive accelerated relocation payments must make an election with the FCC by May 29, 2020 and meet the Phase 1 and Phase 2 clearing dates of December 5, 2021 and 2023, respectively. The FCC will make accelerated relocation payments available only if satellite operators who are entitled to at least 80% of accelerated relocation payments make such elections. While Telesat intends to make that election, as a practical matter, accelerated relocation payments will be available if and only if both Intelsat and SES make such elections. The FCC stated that it will announce whether sufficient elections have been made by June 5, 2020, and thus it is not known if both SES and Intelsat will make the election. Further, in the course of the proceeding a number of parties raised issues with aspects of the Report and Order, and thus the Report and Order may be subject to challenge. In addition, there are members of the United States Senate and House of Representatives who oppose the FCC’s current plans and are seeking to modify or overturn them. There are also technical challenges to clearing C-band spectrum. There can be no assurance that Telesat will receive any proceeds from the FCC process or, if it were to receive proceeds, the amount or timing of receipt.

The satellite services business is capital intensive and the build-out of a satellite fleet requires substantial time and investment. Once the investment in a satellite is made, the incremental costs to maintain and operate the satellite are relatively low over the life of the satellite, with the exception of in-orbit insurance. Telesat has been able to generate a large contractual revenue backlog by entering into long-term contracts with some of its customers, in some cases for all or substantially all of a satellite’s orbital maneuver life. Historically, this has resulted in revenue from the satellite services business being fairly predictable.

Telesat’s desirable spectrum rights, commitment to providing the highest level of customer service, deep technical expertise and culture of innovation have enabled it to successfully develop its business to date. Leveraging these strengths and building on its existing contractual revenue backlog, Telesat’s focus is on profitably growing its business by increasing the utilization of its in-orbit satellites and, in a disciplined manner, deploying expansion satellite capacity where strong market demand is anticipated. In 2018, Telesat launched a Ka-band satellite into low earth orbit in furtherance of its plans to develop a state-of-the-art, high capacity LEO constellation that will deliver transformative, low latency, fiber-like broadband to commercial and government users worldwide.

Telesat believes that it is well positioned to serve its customers and the markets in which it participates. Telesat actively pursues opportunities to develop new satellites, particularly in conjunction with current or prospective customers who will commit to long-term service agreements prior to the time the satellite construction contract is signed. However, while Telesat regularly pursues these opportunities, it does not procure additional or replacement satellites until it believes there is a demonstrated need and a sound business plan for such satellite capacity.

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In 2020, Telesat remains focused on increasing utilization of its existing satellites, the development of its global LEO constellation, identifying and pursuing opportunities to invest in other expansion of satellite capacity and leveraging the value of its spectrum rights, all while maintaining operating discipline.

Telesat’s operating results are subject to fluctuations as a result of exchange rate variations. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, approximately 51.2% of Telesat’s revenues, 47.1% of its operating expenses, 100% of its interest expense and the majority of its capital expenditures were denominated in U.S. dollars. The most significant impact of variations in the exchange rate is on the U.S. dollar denominated indebtedness and cash and short term investments. As of March 31, 2020, Telesat’s U.S. dollar denominated debt totaled $2.85 billion. As of March 31, 2020, a five percent increase (decrease) in the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar on financial assets and liabilities would have (decreased) increased Telesat’s net loss by approximately $132.6 million. This analysis assumes all other variables, in particular interest rates, remain constant.

COVID-19

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization designated the recent novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a global pandemic. Various policies and initiatives have been implemented worldwide to reduce the global transmission of COVID‑19, including the promotion of social distancing and the adoption of remote working policies.

Telesat’s and our corporate headquarters, and many of Telesat’s other offices and facilities, are located in jurisdictions that have, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, instituted work from home and social distancing requirements. These restrictions have adversely impacted the ability of Telesat’s and our respective employees to travel to their places of work, and, in the case of Telesat employees, to customer locations and to supplier facilities. Many of Telesat’s customers and suppliers have been similarly impacted.

The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Telesat’s or our operations, business prospects and financial performance is subject to change and dependent on many factors, including, among others, the duration of the pandemic, continuation of the current measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, and new restrictions that may be implemented by, or that may be imposed upon, us, Telesat and Telesat’s customers and suppliers in response to the pandemic, and is therefore difficult to predict. For additional details on risks associated with the current outbreak of COVID-19, refer to Part II, Other Information – Item 1A. Risk Factors. 

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act was signed into law, and on April 24, 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program and Healthcare Enhancement Act was signed into law (collectively, the “COVID-19 Acts”). The COVID-19 Acts provide a substantial stimulus and assistance package intended to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including tax relief and government loans, grants and investments. The COVID-19 Acts did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2020. We continue to monitor any effects that may result from the COVID-19 Acts.

General

Our principal asset is our majority economic ownership interest in Telesat. In an effort to maximize shareholder value, we have been exploring, and are in advanced discussions with our Canadian co-owner in Telesat, Public Sector Pension Investment Board (“PSP”) regarding, potential strategic transactions to alter the status quo in our ownership of Telesat. Subject to market conditions and the cooperation of PSP, we continue to explore the combination of Loral and Telesat into one public company. Also, as described more fully below, we have exercised our right to require that Telesat initiate a public offering, and we may further pursue this right in the event that the combination transaction that we are pursuing is not likely to be achievable in a timely manner or on satisfactory terms. There can be no assurance as to whether or when we will be able to conclude any strategic transaction or that any strategic initiatives or transaction involving Telesat or Loral may occur, or that any particular economic, tax, structural or other objectives or benefits with respect to any initiative or transaction involving Telesat or Loral’s interest therein will be achieved.

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In 2017, we received $242.7 million in cash from Telesat, representing our share of an aggregate approximately $400 million distribution from Telesat to its shareholders and stock option holders. On April 30, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a special dividend of $5.50 per share for an aggregate dividend of approximately $170.5 million, representing a significant portion of the proceeds that we received from Telesat. The special dividend is payable on May 28, 2020 to holders of record of Loral voting and non-voting common stock as of the close of business on May 14, 2020. We intend to make an additional distribution to our stockholders, net of reasonable reserves for working capital and other liabilities. The timing and amount of any such additional distribution will be determined in part by the status of the combination transaction that we are pursuing. There can be no assurance as to the amount and timing of any such additional distribution, and such additional distribution may be impacted by the outcome of our discussions regarding, and the structure of, the strategic combination transaction that we are pursuing.

As mentioned above, we have the right under the Telesat Shareholders Agreement to require Telesat to conduct an initial public offering of its equity shares, and, in July 2015, we exercised this right. Specifically, we requested that Telesat issue not more than 25 million newly issued shares of Telesat voting common stock. We also requested the termination of the Shareholders Agreement and the elimination of certain provisions in Telesat’s Articles of Incorporation, both of which we believe are important for a successful public offering. If those provisions are eliminated, an impediment to the conversion of our non-voting Telesat shares to voting shares would be eliminated. Termination or modification of the Shareholders Agreement and conversion of our non-voting shares to voting shares would enable us, after a Telesat IPO and subject to the receipt of any necessary regulatory approvals, to obtain majority voting control of Telesat. To date, we and PSP have not reached agreement on governance matters following a Telesat IPO. In the event a transaction to combine Loral and Telesat into one public company that we are pursuing is not likely to be achievable in a timely manner or on satisfactory terms, we may further pursue our right to a Telesat IPO. There can be no assurance as to whether, when or on what terms a Telesat IPO, termination or modification of the Shareholders Agreement or any requested changes to Telesat’s Articles of Incorporation may occur or that any particular economic, tax, structural or other objectives or benefits with respect to a Telesat IPO will be achieved. If a Telesat IPO is expected to proceed under unfavorable terms or at an unfavorable price, we may withdraw our demand for a Telesat IPO.

Depending upon the outcome of the strategic initiatives discussed above, we may assert certain claims against PSP for actions we believe violated our rights relating to the affairs of Telesat under the Telesat Shareholders Agreement and otherwise. In response to our claims, PSP has informed us that it believes that it may have claims against us, although we are not aware of the legal or factual basis for any such claims. We and PSP have agreed that, pending the outcome of our discussions relating to Telesat, it would be beneficial to delay the commencement of any action relating to either party’s claims and have entered into an agreement (the “Tolling Agreement”) which preserves the parties’ rights to assert against one another legal claims relating to Telesat. We also included Telesat as a party to the Tolling Agreement because, as a technical matter of Canadian law and for purposes of potentially seeking equitable relief, Telesat may be a necessary party. There can be no assurance that if the Tolling Agreement lapses that we and PSP will not pursue legal claims against one another relating to Telesat. If we pursue claims against PSP, there can be no assurance that our claims will be successful or that the relief we seek will be granted. If PSP pursues claims against us, there can be no assurance that PSP will not prevail on its claims.

Loral may, from time to time, explore and evaluate other possible strategic transactions and alliances which may include joint ventures and strategic relationships as well as business combinations or the acquisition or disposition of assets. In order to pursue certain of these opportunities, additional funds are likely to be required. There can be no assurance that we will enter into additional strategic transactions or alliances, nor do we know if we will be able to obtain the necessary financing for transactions that require additional funds on favorable terms, if at all.

In connection with the acquisition of our ownership interest in Telesat in 2007, Loral has agreed that, subject to certain exceptions described in the Shareholders Agreement, for so long as Loral has an interest in Telesat, it will not compete in the business of leasing, selling or otherwise furnishing fixed satellite service, broadcast satellite service or audio and video broadcast direct-to-home service using transponder capacity in the C-band, Ku-band and Ka-band (including in each case extended band) frequencies and the business of providing end-to-end data solutions on networks comprised of earth terminals, space segment, and, where appropriate, networking hubs.

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Consolidated Operating Results

See Critical Accounting Matters in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC and Note 2 to the financial statements.

Changes in Critical Accounting Policies — There have been no changes in our critical accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Compared with Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

The following compares our consolidated results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 as presented in our financial statements:

General and Administrative Expenses

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
		2020		2019
	(In thousands)
General and administrative expenses	$	1,648	$	1,803

General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily due to severance expense of $0.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Interest and Investment Income

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
		2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Interest and investment income	$	937	$	1,602

Interest and investment income decreased by $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily due to lower interest rates earned on the cash balance during the first three months of 2020 as compared to 2019.

Other Expense

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
		2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Other expense	$	1,437	$	1,216

Other expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was primarily comprised of expenses related to the evaluation of strategic initiatives.

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Income Tax Provision

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
		2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Income tax provision	$	(2,116)	$	(2,066)

For the three months ended March 31, our income tax provision is summarized as follows: (i) for 2020, we recorded a current and deferred tax provision of $0.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively, resulting in a total tax provision of $2.1 million and (ii) for 2019, we recorded a current and deferred tax provision of $0.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively, resulting in a total tax provision of $2.1 million.

Our income tax provision for each period is computed by applying an expected effective annual tax rate against the pre-tax results for the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (after adjusting for certain tax items that are discrete to each period). The current income tax provision for each period includes our anticipated income tax liability related to Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”) from Telesat and our provision for uncertain tax positions. The deferred income tax provision for each period includes the impact of equity in net (loss) income of affiliates from our condensed consolidated statement of operations and the periodic effect of our accounting for GILTI.

To the extent that profitability from operations is not sufficient to realize the benefit from our remaining net deferred tax assets, we would generate sufficient taxable income from the appreciated value of our Telesat investment in order to prevent federal net operating losses from expiring and realize the benefit of all remaining deferred tax assets.

Equity in Net (Loss) Income of Affiliates

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
		2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Telesat	$	(117,074)	$	42,004

As of March 31, 2020, we held a 62.7% economic interest and a 32.6% voting interest in Telesat. Loral’s equity in net (loss) income of Telesat is based on our proportionate share of Telesat’s results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and in U.S. dollars. The amortization of Telesat fair value adjustments applicable to the Loral Skynet assets and liabilities acquired by Telesat in 2007 is proportionately eliminated in determining our share of the net income of Telesat. Our equity in net income of Telesat also reflects amortization of profits eliminated, to the extent of our economic interest in Telesat, on satellites we constructed for Telesat while we owned Space Systems/Loral, LLC (formerly known as Space Systems/Loral, Inc.) (“SSL”) and on Loral’s sale to Telesat in April 2011 of its portion of the payload on the ViaSat-1 satellite and related assets.

The following is a reconciliation of the changes in our investment in Telesat for the three months ended March 31, 2020:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Balance, January 1, 2020			$	90,184
Components of equity in net loss of Telesat:
Equity in net loss of Telesat	$	(117,979)
Eliminations of affiliate transactions and related amortization		905		(117,074)
Proportionate share of Telesat other comprehensive income				31,063
Balance, March 31, 2020			$	4,173

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Summary financial information for Telesat in accordance with U.S. GAAP and in Canadian dollars and U.S. dollars as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 follows (in thousands):

	March 31,	December 31,	March 31,	December 31,
	2020	2019	2020	2019
	(In Canadian dollars)		(In U.S. dollars)
Balance Sheet Data:
Current assets	1,313,407	1,139,605	934,012	877,294
Total assets	5,538,863	5,365,307	3,938,886	4,130,337
Current liabilities	202,281	161,357	143,850	124,217
Long-term debt, including current portion	3,985,426	3,684,873	2,834,182	2,836,700
Total liabilities	4,877,453	4,552,467	3,468,535	3,504,594
Shareholders’ equity	661,410	812,840	470,351	625,743
Period end exchange rate for translating Canadian
dollars to U.S. dollars (1 U.S. dollar equals)	1.4062	1.2990

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	March 31,		March 31,
	2020	2019	2020	2019
	(In Canadian dollars)		(In U.S. dollars)
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues	209,450	223,090	158,565	167,644
Operating expenses	(47,362)	(53,988)	(35,855)	(40,569)
Depreciation and amortization	(59,992)	(68,143)	(45,417)	(51,208)
Other operating expense	(221)	(73)	(167)	(55)
Operating income	101,875	100,886	77,126	75,812
Interest expense	(54,880)	(62,336)	(41,547)	(46,843)
Foreign exchange (loss) gain	(292,771)	69,822	(221,643)	52,469
Loss on financial instruments	(9,253)	(20,110)	(7,005)	(15,112)
Other income	5,388	5,102	4,078	3,834
Income tax benefit (provision)	900	(6,061)	682	(4,555)
Net (loss) income	(248,741)	87,303	(188,309)	65,605
Average exchange rate for translating Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars (1 U.S. dollar equals)	1.3211	1.3311

Telesat’s revenue decreased by $9.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 due primarily to the reduction of service for a North American DTH customer and lower revenue due to the completion of an agreement that provided for a prepayment for enterprise services which was accounted for as having significant financing component. These decreases were partially offset by higher equipment sales, new revenue from services provided to users impacted by a failure of a competitor’s satellite, higher consulting revenue and the impact of the change in the U.S. dollar/Canadian dollar exchange rate on Canadian dollar denominated revenue. The foreign exchange rate change increased Telesat’s revenue by $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Telesat’s operating expenses decreased by $4.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily due to lower expenses related to development of Telesat’s planned LEO constellation, net of amounts to be reimbursed under a grant from the Canadian government, partially offset by higher bad debt expense, higher in-orbit insurance and higher professional fees. The foreign exchange rate change increased Telesat’s operating expenses by an insignificant amount for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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Telesat’s depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation decreased by $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily due to the end of useful life, for accounting purposes, of the Anik F2 satellite in the fourth quarter of 2019.

In the third quarter of 2019, we recorded an out-of-period correction to decrease our investment in Telesat and increase other comprehensive loss by $22.1 million. This non-cash adjustment was made to record the cumulative translation adjustment on our investment in Telesat from November 2007, when we first acquired our ownership interest in Telesat, to December 31, 2018. The adjustment resulted from translating our share of Telesat’s equity from Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars at historical foreign exchange rates in accordance with ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters, as required by ASC 323, Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures. Previously, we translated our share of Telesat’s equity from Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars at current foreign exchange rates at each balance sheet date. This adjustment had no effect on our equity in net income (loss) of Telesat for any current or prior reporting period. The Company has not revised its financial statements for prior periods for this adjustment, including for the three months ended March 31, 2019, based on its belief that the effect of such adjustment is not material to the financial statements taken as a whole. 

On January 1, 2019, Telesat adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases, for its U.S. GAAP reporting which we use to record our equity income in Telesat. Telesat adopted the new guidance using the modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard being recorded on the balance sheet. As a result, on January 1, 2019, Telesat recognized a right-of-use asset of $19.6 million and lease liability of $20.0 million on its condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Backlog

Telesat’s backlog as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $2.3 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Loral

As described above, Loral’s principal asset is a 62.7% economic interest in Telesat. The operations of Telesat are not consolidated but are presented using the equity method of accounting. Loral has no debt. Telesat has third party debt with financial institutions. Cash is maintained at Loral and Telesat to support the operating needs of each respective entity. The ability of Telesat to pay dividends or certain other restricted payments as well as consulting fees in cash to Loral is governed by applicable covenants relating to its debt and its shareholder agreement.

Cash and Available Credit

At March 31, 2020, Loral had $255.2 million of cash and cash equivalents and no debt. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2020 decreased by $3.9 million from December 31, 2019 due primarily to corporate expenses of $3.5 million adjusted for changes in working capital and net of consulting fees from Telesat, payments of $1.3 million related to strategic initiatives and pension and other post-retirement funding of $0.3 million, partially offset by $1.2 million of interest and investment income. A discussion of cash changes by activity is set forth in the section “Net Cash Used in Operating Activities.”

Loral did not have a credit facility as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

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Cash Management

We have a cash management investment program that seeks a competitive return while maintaining a conservative risk profile. Our cash management investment policy establishes what we believe to be conservative guidelines relating to the investment of surplus cash. The policy allows us to invest in commercial paper, money market funds and other similar short‑term investments but does not permit us to engage in speculative or leveraged transactions, nor does it permit us to hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. The cash management investment policy was designed to preserve capital and safeguard principal, to meet all of our liquidity requirements and to provide a competitive rate of return for similar risk categories of investment. The policy addresses dealer qualifications, lists approved securities, establishes minimum acceptable credit ratings, sets concentration limits, defines a maturity structure, requires all firms to safe keep securities on our behalf, requires certain mandatory reporting activity and discusses review of the portfolio. We operate the cash management investment program under the guidelines of our investment policy and continuously monitor the investments to avoid risks.

We currently invest our cash in two Government AAA money market funds. The dispersion across funds reduces the exposure of a default at one fund.

Liquidity

We believe that our cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund projected expenditures for the next 12 months. We expect that our major cash outlays for the next 12 months will include payment of a special dividend and general corporate expenses net of consulting fees from Telesat.

In the first quarter of 2017, we received $242.7 million in cash from Telesat, representing our share of an aggregate approximately $400 million distribution from Telesat to its shareholders and stock option holders. On April 30, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a special dividend of $5.50 per share for an aggregate dividend of approximately $170.5 million, representing a significant portion of the proceeds that we received from Telesat. The special dividend is payable on May 28, 2020 to holders of record of Loral voting and non-voting common stock as of the close of business on May 14, 2020. We intend to make an additional distribution to our stockholders, net of reasonable reserves for working capital and other liabilities. The timing and amount of any such additional distribution will be determined in part by the status of the combination transaction that we are pursuing. There can be no assurance as to the amount and timing of any such additional distribution, and such additional distribution may be impacted by the outcome of our discussions regarding, and the structure of, the strategic combination transaction with respect to our interest in Telesat that we are pursuing.

Risks to Cash Flow

In 2012, we sold our former subsidiary, SSL, to MDA Communications Holdings, Inc., a subsidiary of Maxar Technologies Inc. (formerly known as MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd.) (“MDA”). Under the terms of the purchase agreement, we are obligated to indemnify MDA from liabilities with respect to certain pre-closing taxes the total amount of which has not yet been determined. Where appropriate, we intend vigorously to contest the underlying tax assessments, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful. Although no assurance can be provided, we do not believe that these tax-related matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Telesat

Cash and Available Credit

As of March 31, 2020, Telesat had CAD 1.2  billion of cash and short-term investments as well as approximately $200 million of borrowing availability under its revolving credit facility.

31

Liquidity

A large portion of Telesat’s annual cash receipts are reasonably predictable because they are primarily derived from an existing backlog of long-term customer contracts and high contract renewal rates. Telesat believes its cash and short-term investments as of March 31, 2020, cash flows from operating activities, and drawings on the revolving credit facility under its senior secured credit facilities will be adequate to meet Telesat’s expected cash requirements for at least the next 12 months for activities in the normal course of business, including capital requirements and required interest and principal payments on debt.

The construction of any satellite replacement or expansion programs, including the planned LEO constellation, will require significant capital expenditures. Cash required for any future satellite programs may be funded by Telesat from a range of sources including: cash and short-term investments; cash flows from operating activities; cash flows from customer prepayments; through borrowings on the revolving credit facility under Telesat’s senior secured credit facilities; vendor financing; equity investments; export credit agency financing; additional secured or unsecured financing; proceeds received from repurposing C-band spectrum; and from government sources. In addition, Telesat may sell certain satellite assets and, in accordance with the terms and conditions of its senior secured credit facilities, reinvest the proceeds in new or replacement satellite programs or pay down indebtedness under the senior secured credit facilities. Telesat’s ability to access these sources of funding, however, is not guaranteed, and therefore, Telesat may not be able to fully fund additional replacement or new satellite programs. Telesat may seek to complete the development of, fund, and operate its planned LEO constellation through a current or future unrestricted subsidiary.

Debt

Telesat’s debt as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was as follows:

				March 31,		December 31,
	Maturity	Currency		2020		2019
				(In thousands)
Senior Secured Credit Facilities:
Revolving credit facility	December 2024	USD or CAD equivalent	$	—	$	—
Term Loan B - U.S. facility	December 2026	USD		1,903,729		1,908,500
4.875% Senior secured notes	June 2027	USD		400,000		400,000
6.5% Senior notes	October 2027	USD		550,000		550,000
				2,853,729		2,858,500
Less: Deferred financing costs and
prepayment options				(210)		(302)
Total debt under international financial
reporting standards				2,853,519		2,858,198
U.S. GAAP adjustments				(19,337)		(21,498)
Total debt under U.S. GAAP				2,834,182		2,836,700
Current portion				16,621		16,480
Long-term portion			$	2,817,561	$	2,820,220

On October 11, 2019, Telesat issued $550.0 million of 6.5% senior notes maturing in October 2027. The 6.5% senior notes are effectively subordinated to Telesat’s secured indebtedness, including the obligations under its senior secured credit facilities and its 4.875% senior secured notes.

On October 11, 2019, Telesat used the net proceeds from the 6.5% senior notes offering together with available cash on hand to redeem its $500 million 8.875% senior notes due November 15, 2024 by repaying all outstanding amounts, including principal, redemption premium and discounted interest to November 15, 2019.

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On December 6, 2019, Telesat entered into amended senior secured credit facilities which provide for term loan borrowings of $1,908.5 million which mature in December 2026 and revolving credit facilities of up to $200 million (or Canadian dollar equivalent) which mature in December 2024. Telesat also issued, through a private placement, $400 million of 4.875% senior secured notes which mature in June 2027.

On December 6, 2019, Telesat repaid all outstanding amounts, including related fees and expenses, under its former senior secured credit facilities.

Senior Secured Credit Facilities

The obligations under Telesat’s credit agreement and the guarantees of those obligations are secured, subject to certain exceptions, by a first priority security interest in the assets of Telesat and certain of its subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”). The credit agreement contains covenants that restrict the ability of Telesat and the Guarantors to take specified actions, including, among other things and subject to certain significant exceptions: creating liens, incurring indebtedness, making investments, engaging in mergers, selling property, paying dividends, entering into sale-leaseback transactions, creating subsidiaries, repaying subordinated debt or amending organizational documents. The credit agreement also requires Telesat and the Guarantors to comply with a maximum first lien leverage ratio and contains customary events of default and affirmative covenants, including an excess cash sweep, that may require Telesat to repay a portion of the outstanding principal under its senior secured credit facilities prior to the stated maturity.

Telesat’s senior secured credit facilities are comprised of the following facilities:

i— Revolving Credit Facility

Telesat’s revolving credit facility (“Revolving Facility”) is a $200 million loan facility available in either U.S. dollar or Canadian dollar equivalent, maturing in December 2024. Loans under the Revolving Facility bear interest at a floating interest rate. For Canadian Prime Rate and Alternative Base Rate (“ABR”) loans, an applicable margin ranging from 0.75% to 1.25% is applied to the Prime Rate and ABR as these interest rates are defined in the senior credit facilities. For Bankers’ Acceptance (“BA”) Loans and Eurodollar Loans, an applicable margin ranging from 1.75% to 2.25% is applied to either the BA interest rate or LIBOR. The rates on the Revolving Facility vary depending upon the results of the first lien leverage ratio. Telesat’s Revolving Facility currently has an unused commitment fee that ranges from 25 to 37.5 basis points per annum, depending upon the result of the total leverage ratio. As of March 31, 2020, other than approximately CAD 0.1 million in drawings related to letters of credit, there were no borrowings under this facility.

ii— Term Loan B — U.S. Facility

Telesat’s term loan B — U.S. facility (“U.S. TLB Facility”) is a $1,908.5 million facility maturing in December 2026. As of March 31, 2020, $1,903.7 million of this facility was outstanding, which represents the full amount available. The borrowings under Telesat’s U.S. TLB Facility bear interest at a floating rate of either: (i) LIBOR as periodically determined for interest rate periods selected by Telesat in accordance with the terms of the senior secured credit facilities plus an applicable margin of 2.75%; or (ii) Alternative Base Rate as determined in accordance with the terms of the senior secured credit facilities plus an applicable margin of 1.75%.

The mandatory principal repayments on Telesat’s U.S. TLB Facility are one quarter of 1.00% of the value of the loan, which must be paid on the last day of each quarter.

Senior Secured Notes

Telesat’s senior secured notes, in the amount of $400.0 million, bear interest at an annual rate of 4.875% and are due in June 2027. The senior secured notes indenture includes covenants or terms that restrict Telesat’s ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, incur liens, pay dividends or make certain other restricted payments, investments or acquisitions, enter into certain transactions with affiliates, modify or cancel its satellite insurance, effect mergers with another entity, and redeem its senior secured notes, without penalty, before December 1, 2024, in each case subject to exceptions provided in the indenture.

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Senior Notes

Telesat’s senior notes, in the amount of $550 million, bear interest at an annual rate of 6.5% and are due in October 2027. They include covenants or terms that restrict Telesat’s ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, incur liens, pay dividends or make certain other restricted payments, investments or acquisitions, enter into certain transactions with affiliates, modify or cancel its satellite insurance, effect mergers with another entity, and redeem its senior notes, without penalty, before October 15, 2024, in each case subject to exceptions provided in the senior notes indenture.

As at March 31, 2020, Telesat was in compliance with the financial covenants of its senior secured credit facilities, the indenture governing its senior secured notes and the indenture governing its senior notes.

Debt Service Cost

Telesat’s interest expense for the year ending December 31, 2020 is expected to be approximately CAD 189.4 million. The interest expense excludes the amortization of Telesat’s deferred financing costs and prepayment options.

Derivatives

Telesat uses, from time to time, interest rate and currency derivatives to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates.

As of March 31, 2020, Telesat had three outstanding interest rate swaps which hedge the interest rate risk associated with the variable interest rate on $1.35 billion of U.S. denominated Term Loan B borrowings. These contracts, which mature between September 2020 and September 2022, are at fixed interest rates ranging from 1.84% to 2.04%, excluding applicable margin. As of March 31, 2020, the fair value of the interest rate swaps was a liability of $20.5 million.

Telesat also has foreign currency embedded derivatives in its purchase contracts with suppliers and sales contracts with customers as a result of some of these contracts being denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the substantial parties to the respective contract. The fair value of these foreign currency embedded derivatives as of March 31, 2020 was a net asset of $6.4 million.

Development Costs and Capital Expenditures

Telesat has entered into contracts for the development of its LEO constellation and other capital expenditures. The outstanding commitments associated with these contracts were approximately CAD 47.0 million as of March 31, 2020. These expenditures may be funded from some or all of the following: cash and short-term investments; cash flow from operating activities; cash flow from customer prepayments or funds available under the revolving credit facility.

Statements of Cash Flows

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, consisting primarily of a $2.4 million cash use attributable to net loss adjusted for non-cash operating items, a $1.5 million decrease in accrued employment costs and other current liabilities,  a $0.9 million increase in income tax refund receivable, a $0.4 million decrease in pension and other post-retirement liabilities and a $0.3 million increase in other current assets, partially offset by a $1.6 million increase in other liabilities.

Net cash used in operating activities was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, consisting primarily of a $1.8 million cash use attributable to net income adjusted for non-cash operating items, a $1.3 million decrease in accrued employment costs and other current liabilities and a $0.6 million increase in other current assets, partially offset by a $3.0 million decrease in income tax refund receivable, primarily due to the receipt of refunds, and a $0.4 million increase in other liabilities.

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Affiliate Matters

Loral has made certain investments in joint ventures in the satellite services business that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting (see Note 5 to our financial statements for further information on affiliate matters).

Commitments and Contingencies

Our business and operations are subject to a number of significant risks, the most significant of which are summarized in Part II, Item 1A — Risk Factors and also in Note 13 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other Matters

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There are no accounting pronouncements that have been issued but not yet adopted that we believe will have a significant impact on our financial statements.

Item 4. Disclosure Controls and Procedures

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our president and our chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of March 31, 2020, have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and designed to ensure that information relating to Loral and its consolidated subsidiaries required to be disclosed in our filings under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities Exchange Commission rules and forms.

(b) Internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 Rules 13a-15(f) and 15-d-15(f)) during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II.

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently subject to any legal proceedings that, if decided adversely, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. In the future, however, we may become subject to legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, that may arise in the ordinary course of business or otherwise.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business and operations are subject to a significant number of risks. The most significant of these risks are summarized in, and the reader’s attention is directed to, the section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 in “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

In that Annual Report under “Financial and Telesat Investment Risk Factors,” “Risk Factors Associated with Satellite Services” and “Other Risks” the risks we identify include:

“Telesat’s profitability may be adversely affected by swings in the global financial markets, such as those that have occurred and are occurring as a result of uncertainty relating to the COVID-19 coronavirus. Swings in the global financial markets may have a material adverse effect on Telesat’s customers and suppliers.”; 

“Telesat derives a substantial amount of its revenues from only a few of its customers. A loss of, or default by, one or more of these major customers, or a material adverse change in any such customer’s business or financial condition, could materially reduce Telesat’s future revenues and contracted backlog.”;

“Telesat’s dependence on outside contractors could result in delays related to the design, manufacture and launch of its new satellites, or could limit its ability to sell its services to the U.S. Department of Defense, which could adversely affect Telesat’s operating results and prospects.”; 

“Telesat may experience a failure of ground operations infrastructure or interference with its satellite signals that impairs the commercial performance of, or the services delivered over, its satellites or the satellites of other operators for whom its provides ground services, which could result in a material loss of revenue.”; and

 “Interruption or failure of, or cyber-attacks on, Telesat’s or our information technology and communication systems could hurt Telesat’s or our ability to operate our respective businesses effectively, which could harm Telesat’s or our business and operating results.”

The risk factor set forth below updates, and should be read together with, the aforementioned and other risk factors described in our Annual Report.

Threats to public health, and measures taken in response to them, may have an adverse effect on Telesat’s or our business and results of operations.

Telesat’s or our business and results of operations may be adversely affected by outbreaks of epidemic, pandemic, or contagious diseases, such as the current outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”), and by measures taken to prevent their spread, including restrictions on travel, imposition of quarantines, cancellation of events, remote working, and closure of workplaces and other businesses. Telesat’s or our business and results of operations may also be negatively impacted by the adverse effect that COVID-19 has had and may continue to have on global economic activity, which may include a period of prolonged global or regional economic slowdowns or recessions. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 is subject to change and dependent on many factors, including, among others, the duration of the pandemic and the measures that may be implemented by, or that may be imposed upon, us, Telesat and Telesat’s customers and suppliers in response to the pandemic, and is therefore difficult to predict. The COVID-19 impact on capital markets could also impact Telesat’s or our ability to attract capital to finance business strategies, such as the development of Telesat’s LEO constellation and related network, and also could increase Telesat’s cost of borrowing.

36

Some of Telesat’s customers have experienced or may experience operational challenges, temporary shut downs, severe financial hardship or bankruptcy due, in whole or in part, to the COVID-19 pandemic or measures implemented in response to it. In particular, Telesat’s customers in the maritime, aeronautical and energy markets have been significantly impacted. Other Telesat customers may also be experiencing significant adverse impacts of which Telesat is presently unaware or may experience such impacts in the future. Some of Telesat’s customers have sought to amend the terms of their contracts with Telesat to reduce their future payment obligations due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their businesses and other customers may make similar requests in the future. The adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic could result in the future in some of Telesat’s customers defaulting on their obligations to pay for services they have contracted to buy from Telesat. These adverse effects could also result in reduced demand for Telesat’s services generally in the marketplace as companies reduce spending or redirect their resources. In any of these circumstances, Telesat’s revenues, operating margins and cash flows would be negatively impacted.

Telesat purchases equipment from third party suppliers and depends on those suppliers to deliver, maintain and support these products to the contracted specifications in order for Telesat to meet its service commitments to its customers. Additionally, Telesat is currently developing an advanced, global LEO constellation consisting of over one hundred, and potentially several hundred, satellites in non-geostationary orbit. There are a limited number of manufacturers that are able to design and build satellites and ground terminals according to the technical specifications and standards of quality that Telesat requires and a limited number of launch providers that are able to launch Telesat’s satellites. If Telesat’s suppliers do not meet their obligations to deliver and support their equipment due to operational challenges, temporary or permanent shut downs, severe financial hardship or bankruptcy due to the COVID‑19 pandemic, or disruptions in their own supply chains, Telesat’s ability to meet its service commitments to its customers may be adversely affected and the design, construction or launch of Telesat’s LEO constellation or components of the network that support it may be delayed.

Telesat’s and our corporate headquarters and many of Telesat’s other offices and facilities, are located in jurisdictions that have instituted work from home and social distancing requirements. These restrictions have adversely impacted the ability of Telesat’s and our employees to travel to their places of work, and, in the case of Telesat employees, to customer locations and to supplier facilities. Telesat and we enacted work from home policies for our respective employees effective March 16, 2020. Telesat has also implemented processes that allow for a minimum number of its employees to be present at Telesat’s facilities in an attempt to further ensure that its satellite control and network operations are not impacted. To date, Telesat and we have maintained our respective operations without any known adverse impact. The future effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic on Telesat and us are dependent on many factors, including, among others, the duration and severity of the pandemic, whether a significant number of Telesat’s or our respective employees supporting critical operations were to contract COVID-19, whether the current measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 continue, and whether new restrictions are imposed; the extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Telesat’s or our business and results of operations is, therefore, difficult to predict. In the event that Telesat’s or our ability to operate our respective businesses is adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic or by measures taken to prevent its spread, Telesat’s revenue and Telesat’s or our financial performance could be adversely affected.

The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

37

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:

Exhibit 31.1	—	Certification of President pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 31.2	—	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 32.1	—	Certification of President pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 32.2	—	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 101	—	Interactive Data Files
		(101.INS) XBRL Instance Document
		(101.SCH) XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
		(101.CAL) XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
		(101.DEF) XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
		(101.LAB) XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
		(101.PRE) XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

38

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Registrant
	LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC.
	/S/ JOHN CAPOGROSSI
	John Capogrossi
	Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
	(Principal Financial Officer) and Registrant’s Authorized Officer
Date: May 7, 2020

39

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Avi Katz, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Loral Space & Communications Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/S/ AVI KATZ

Avi Katz

President, General Counsel & Secretary

May 7, 2020

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, John Capogrossi, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Loral Space & Communications Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/S/ JOHN CAPOGROSSI

John Capogrossi

Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

May 7, 2020

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Loral Space & Communications Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending March  31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Avi Katz, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/S/ AVI KATZ

Avi Katz

President, General Counsel & Secretary

May 7, 2020

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Loral Space & Communications Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending March 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John Capogrossi, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/S/ JOHN CAPOGROSSI

John Capogrossi

Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

May 7, 2020

XML

Investments in Affiliates (Investments in Affiliates) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Investments in affiliates	$ 4,173	$ 90,184
Telesat Canada [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Investments in affiliates	$ 4,173	$ 90,184

XML

Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Income Taxes [Abstract]
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 43,000
Accrued tax penalties	0
Unrecognized tax benefits, interest on income taxes accrued	2,500
Unrecognized tax benefits that would reduce the income tax provision	$ 7,700

XML

Stock-Based Compensation (Narrative) (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]
Unconverted restricted stock units	75,262	75,262

XML

Other Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Schedule of Long Term Liabilities

Other liabilities consists of (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Operating lease liability	$	174	$	345
Indemnification liabilities - other (see Note 13)		145		145
Liabilities for uncertain tax positions		18,946		17,352
	$	19,265	$	17,842

XML

Other Current Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Other Current Assets [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Current Assets

Other current assets consists of (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Indemnification receivable from SSL for pre-closing taxes (see Note 13)	$	598	$	598
Due from affiliates		96		186
Prepaid expenses		790		164
Other		116		374
	$	1,600	$	1,322

XML

Related Party Transactions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

14. Related Party Transactions

MHR Fund Management LLC

Mark H. Rachesky, President and Chief Investment Officer of MHR Fund Management LLC (“MHR”), and Janet T. Yeung, a principal and the General Counsel of MHR, are members of Loral’s board of directors.

Various funds affiliated with MHR and Dr. Rachesky held, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximately 39.9% of the outstanding voting common stock and 58.4% of the combined outstanding voting and non-voting common stock of Loral.

Transactions with Affiliates

Telesat

As described in Note 5, we own a 62.7% economic interest and a 32.6% voting interest in Telesat and account for our ownership interest under the equity method of accounting.

In connection with the acquisition of our ownership interest in Telesat (which we refer to as the Telesat transaction), Loral and certain of its subsidiaries, our Canadian co-owner, Public Sector Pension Investment Board (“PSP”) and one of its subsidiaries, Telesat and MHR entered into a Shareholders Agreement (the “Shareholders Agreement”). The Shareholders Agreement provides for, among other things, the manner in which the affairs of Telesat and its subsidiaries will be conducted and the relationships among the parties thereto and future shareholders of Telesat. The Shareholders Agreement also contains an agreement by Loral not to engage in a competing satellite communications business and agreements by the parties to the Shareholders Agreement not to solicit employees of Telesat or any of its subsidiaries. Additionally, the Shareholders Agreement details the matters requiring the approval of the shareholders of Telesat (including veto rights for Loral over certain extraordinary actions) and provides for preemptive rights for certain shareholders upon the issuance of certain capital shares of Telesat. The Shareholders Agreement also (i) restricts the ability of holders of certain shares of Telesat to transfer such shares unless certain conditions are met or approval of the transfer is granted by the directors of Telesat, (ii) provides for a right of first offer to certain Telesat shareholders if a holder of equity shares of Telesat wishes to sell any such shares to a third party and (iii) provides for, in certain circumstances, tag-along rights in favor of shareholders that are not affiliated with Loral if Loral sells equity shares and drag-along rights in favor of Loral in case Loral or its affiliate enters into an agreement to sell all of its Telesat equity securities.

In addition, the Shareholders Agreement provides for either PSP or Loral to initiate the process of conducting an initial public offering of the equity shares of Telesat (a “Telesat IPO”). In connection with our exploration of strategic initiatives to alter the status quo in our ownership of Telesat, in July 2015, we exercised our right under the Shareholders Agreement to require Telesat to conduct a Telesat IPO. Specifically, we requested that Telesat issue not more than 25 million newly issued shares of Telesat voting common stock. We also requested the termination of the Shareholders Agreement and the elimination of certain provisions in Telesat’s Articles of Incorporation, both of which we believe are important for a successful public offering. If those provisions are eliminated, an impediment to the conversion of our non-voting Telesat shares to voting shares would be eliminated. Termination or modification of the Shareholders Agreement and conversion of our non-voting shares to voting shares would enable us, after a Telesat IPO and subject to the receipt of any necessary regulatory approvals, to obtain majority voting control of Telesat. To date, we and PSP have not reached agreement on governance matters following a Telesat IPO. In the event a strategic transaction to combine Loral and Telesat into one public company that we are pursuing is not likely to be achievable in a timely manner or on satisfactory terms, we may further pursue our right to a Telesat IPO. There can be no assurance as to whether, when or on what terms a Telesat IPO, termination or modification of the Shareholders Agreement or any requested changes to Telesat’s Articles of Incorporation may occur or that any particular economic, tax, structural or other objectives or benefits with respect to a Telesat IPO will be achieved. If a Telesat IPO is expected to proceed under unfavorable terms or at an unfavorable price, we may withdraw our demand for a Telesat IPO.

Depending upon the outcome of discussions with PSP relating to Telesat strategic matters, we may assert certain claims against PSP for actions we believe violated our rights relating to the affairs of Telesat under the Telesat Shareholders Agreement and otherwise. In response to our claims, PSP has informed us that it believes that it may have claims against us, although we are not aware of the legal or factual basis for any such claims. We and PSP have agreed that, pending the outcome of our discussions, it would be beneficial to delay the commencement of any action relating to either party’s claims and have entered into an agreement (the “Tolling Agreement”) which preserves the parties’ rights to assert against one another legal claims relating to Telesat. We also included Telesat as a party to the Tolling Agreement because, as a technical matter of Canadian law and for purposes of potentially seeking equitable relief, Telesat may be a necessary party. There can be no assurance that if the Tolling Agreement lapses that we and PSP will not pursue legal claims against one another relating to Telesat. If we pursue claims against PSP, there can be no assurance that our claims will be successful or that the relief we seek will be granted. If PSP pursues claims against us, there can be no assurance that PSP will not prevail on its claims.

Under the Shareholders Agreement, in the event that, except in certain limited circumstances, either (i) ownership or control, directly or indirectly, by Dr. Rachesky of Loral’s voting stock falls below certain levels other than in connection with certain specified circumstances, including an acquisition by a Strategic Competitor (as defined in the Shareholders Agreement) or (ii) there is a change in the composition of a majority of the members of the Loral Board of Directors over a consecutive two-year period without the approval of the incumbent directors, Loral will lose its veto rights relating to certain extraordinary actions by Telesat and its subsidiaries. In addition, after either of these events, PSP will have certain rights to enable it to exit from its investment in Telesat, including a right to cause Telesat to conduct an initial public offering in which PSP’s shares would be the first shares offered or, if no such offering has occurred within one year due to a lack of cooperation from Loral or Telesat, to cause the sale of Telesat and to drag along the other shareholders in such sale, subject to Loral’s right to call PSP’s shares at fair market value.

The Shareholders Agreement provides for a board of directors of Telesat consisting of 10 directors, three nominated by Loral, three nominated by PSP and four independent directors to be selected by a nominating committee comprised of one PSP nominee, one nominee of Loral and one of the independent directors then in office. Each party to the Shareholders Agreement is obligated to vote all of its Telesat shares for the election of the directors nominated by the nominating committee. Pursuant to action by the board of directors taken on October 31, 2007, Dr. Rachesky, who is non-executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of Loral, was appointed non-executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of Telesat. In addition, Michael B. Targoff, Loral’s Vice Chairman, serves on the board of directors of Telesat.

On October 31, 2007, Loral and Telesat entered into a consulting services agreement (the “Consulting Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the Consulting Agreement, Loral provides to Telesat certain non-exclusive consulting services in relation to the business of Loral Skynet which was transferred to Telesat as part of the Telesat transaction as well as with respect to certain aspects of the satellite communications business of Telesat. The Consulting Agreement has a term of seven-years with an automatic renewal for an additional seven-year term if Loral is not then in material default under the Shareholders Agreement. Upon expiration of the initial term on October 31, 2014, the Consulting Agreement was automatically renewed for the additional seven-year term. In exchange for Loral’s services under the Consulting Agreement, Telesat pays Loral an annual fee of $5.0 million, payable quarterly in arrears on the last day of March, June, September and December of each year during the term of the Consulting Agreement. Our general and administrative expenses are net of income related to the Consulting Agreement of $1.25 million for each of the three‑month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. For each of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, Loral received payments in cash from Telesat, net of withholding taxes, of $1.2 million for consulting fees.

In connection with the acquisition of our ownership interest in Telesat in 2007, Loral retained the benefit of tax recoveries related to the transferred assets and indemnified Telesat (“Telesat Indemnification”) for certain liabilities, including Loral Skynet’s tax liabilities arising prior to January 1, 2007. The Telesat Indemnification includes certain tax disputes currently under review in various jurisdictions including Brazil. The Brazilian tax authorities challenged Loral Skynet’s historical characterization of its revenue generated in Brazil for the years 2003 to 2006. Telesat received and challenged, on Loral Skynet’s behalf, tax assessments from Brazil totaling approximately $0.7 million. The Company believes that Loral Skynet’s filing position will ultimately be sustained requiring no payment under the Telesat Indemnification. There can be no assurance that there will be no future claims under the Telesat Indemnification related to tax disputes.

Loral’s employees and retirees participate in certain welfare plans sponsored or managed by Telesat. Loral pays Telesat an annual administrative fee of $0.1 million and reimburses Telesat for the plan costs attributable to Loral participants.

Loral, along with Telesat, PSP and 4440480 Canada Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Loral (the “Special Purchaser”), entered into stock option grant agreements (the “Stock Option Grant Agreements”) and a restricted stock unit grant agreement (the “RSU Grant Agreement,” and, together with the Stock Option Grant Agreements, the “Grant Agreements”) with respect to shares in Telesat with certain executives of Telesat (each, a “Participant” and collectively, the “Participants”). Each of the Participants is or was, at the time, an executive of Telesat.

The Stock Option Grant Agreements document grants to the Participants of Telesat stock options (including tandem SAR rights) and provide for certain rights, obligations and restrictions related to such stock options, which include, among other things: (w) the possible obligation of the Special Purchaser to purchase the shares in the place of Telesat should Telesat be prohibited by applicable law or under the terms of any credit agreement applicable to Telesat from purchasing such shares, or otherwise default on such purchase obligation, pursuant to the terms of the Stock Option Grant Agreements; and (x) the obligation of the Special Purchaser to purchase shares upon exercise by Telesat of its call right under Telesat’s Management Stock Incentive Plan in the event of a Participant’s termination of employment; and, in the case of certain executives, (y) the right of each such Participant to require the Special Purchaser or Loral to purchase a portion of the shares in Telesat owned by him in the event of exercise after termination of employment to cover taxes that are greater than the minimum withholding amount; and (z) the right of each such Participant to require Telesat to cause the Special Purchaser or Loral to purchase a portion of the shares in Telesat owned by him, or that are issuable to him under Telesat's Management Stock Incentive Plan at the relevant time, in the event that more than 90% of Loral’s common stock is acquired by an unaffiliated third party that does not also purchase all of PSP’s and its affiliates’ interest in Telesat.

The RSU Grant Agreement documents a grant to the Participant of restricted stock units with respect to shares in Telesat and provides for certain rights, obligations and restrictions related to such restricted stock units, which include, among other things:  (x) the possible obligation of the Special Purchaser to purchase the shares in the place of Telesat should Telesat be prohibited by applicable law or under the terms of any credit agreement applicable to Telesat from purchasing such shares, or otherwise default on such purchase obligation, pursuant to the terms of the RSU Grant Agreement; and (y) the obligation of the Special Purchaser to purchase shares upon exercise by Telesat of its call right under Telesat’s Management Stock Incentive Plan in the event of the termination of the Participant’s employment.

The Grant Agreements further provide that, in the event the Special Purchaser is required to purchase shares, such shares, together with the obligation to pay for such shares, shall be transferred to a subsidiary of the Special Purchaser, which subsidiary shall be wound up into Telesat, with Telesat agreeing to the acquisition of such subsidiary by Telesat from the Special Purchaser for nominal consideration and with the purchase price for the shares being paid by Telesat within ten (10) business days after completion of the winding-up of such subsidiary into Telesat.

Other

As described in Note 5, we own 56% of XTAR, a joint venture between Loral and Hisdesat and account for our investment in XTAR under the equity method of accounting. SSL constructed XTAR’s satellite, which was successfully launched in February 2005. XTAR and Loral have entered into a management agreement whereby Loral provides general and specific services of a technical, financial and administrative nature to XTAR. For the services provided by Loral, XTAR, until December 31, 2013, was charged a quarterly management fee equal to 3.7% of XTAR’s quarterly gross revenues. Amounts due to Loral primarily due to the management agreement were $6.6 million and $6.7 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Beginning in 2008, Loral and XTAR agreed to defer amounts owed to Loral under this agreement, and XTAR has agreed that its excess cash balance (as defined), will be applied at least quarterly towards repayment of its payables owed to Loral, as well as to Hisdesat and Telesat. No cash was received under this agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, and we had an allowance of $6.6 million against receivables from XTAR as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Loral and Hisdesat have agreed to waive future management fees for an indefinite period starting January 1, 2014.

Consulting Agreement

On December 14, 2012, Loral entered into a consulting agreement with Michael B. Targoff, Vice Chairman of the Company and former Chief Executive Officer and President. Pursuant to this agreement, Mr. Targoff is engaged as a part-time consultant to the Board to assist the Board with respect to the oversight of strategic matters relating to Telesat and XTAR. Under the agreement, Mr. Targoff receives consulting fees of $120,000 per month and reimburses the Company for certain expenses. For each of the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, Mr. Targoff earned $360,000 in consulting fees and reimbursed Loral net expenses of $11,250.

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]

Operating Leases Expense Net of Sublease Income

Lease costs expensed for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

	Lease Expense
Three months ended March 31, 2020	$	174
Three months ended March 31, 2019		163

Reconciliation of the Lease Liability to Future Lease Payments

The following is a reconciliation of the lease liability to future lease payments as of March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

2020 (April 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020)	$	526
2021		350
Total operating lease payments		876
Less: Interest		(37)
Operating lease liability	$	839
Amounts recognized in Balance Sheet
Other current liabilities	$	665
Other liabilities		174
	$	839

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Basis of Presentation (Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Money Market Funds [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Assets, Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 251,244	$ 256,915
Sale of SSL, Nov. 02, 2012 [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Assets, Fair Value
Indemnification - sale of SSL	598	598
Globalstar do Brasil S.A. [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Liabilities, Fair Value
Indemnification - Globalstar do Brasil S.A.	$ 145	$ 145

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Other Current Assets (Schedule of Other Current Assets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Other Current Assets [Abstract]
Indemnification receivable from SSL for pre-closing taxes (see note 13)	$ 598	$ 598
Due from affiliates	96	186
Prepaid expenses	790	164
Other	116	374
Total other current assets	$ 1,600	$ 1,322

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Earnings Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Net (loss) income per share:

Earnings Per Share

10. Earnings Per Share

Telesat has awarded employee stock options, which, if exercised, would result in dilution of Loral’s economic ownership interest in Telesat from 62.7% to approximately 62.3%.

The following table presents the dilutive impact of Telesat stock options on Loral’s reported net income for the purpose of computing diluted earnings per share (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended
		March 31, 2019
Net income — basic	$	38,516
Less: Adjustment for dilutive effect of Telesat stock options		(254)
Net income — diluted	$	38,262

Telesat stock options are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as the effect would be antidilutive.

Basic income per share is computed based upon the weighted average number of share of voting and non-voting common stock outstanding. The following is the computation of common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019
Weighted average common shares outstanding	30,933
Unconverted restricted stock units	75
Common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share	31,008

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the following unconverted restricted stock units are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share as the effect would have been antidilutive (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020
Unconverted restricted stock units	75

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Other Current Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Other Current Liabilities [Abstract]

Other Current Liabilities

6. Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consists of (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Operating lease liability	$	665	$	652
Due to affiliate		129		5
Accrued professional fees		1,282		1,419
Pension and other post-retirement liabilities		77		77
Income taxes payable		—		673
Accrued liabilities		51		57
	$	2,204	$	2,883

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 255,198	$ 259,067
Income tax refund receivable	1,193	576
Other current assets	1,600	1,322
Total current assets	257,991	260,965
Right-of-use asset	831	988
Income tax refund receivable, non-current		387
Investments in affiliates	4,173	90,184
Deferred tax assets	36,301	37,945
Other assets	340	341
Total assets	299,636	390,810
Current liabilities:
Accrued employment costs	1,132	2,611
Other current liabilities	2,204	2,883
Total current liabilities	3,336	5,494
Pension and other postretirement liabilities	17,061	17,447
Other liabilities	19,265	17,842
Total liabilities	39,662	40,783
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, 0.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
Common Stock:
Paid-in capital	1,019,988	1,019,988
Accumulated deficit	(727,109)	(605,766)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(23,624)	(54,914)
Total shareholders' equity	259,974	350,027
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	299,636	390,810
Voting Common Stock [Member]
Common Stock:
Common stock, 0.01 par value	216	216
Treasury stock (at cost), 154,494 shares of voting common stock	(9,592)	(9,592)
Non-Voting Common Stock [Member]
Common Stock:
Common stock, 0.01 par value	$ 95	$ 95

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$ (121,343)	$ 38,516
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash used in operating activities:
Non-cash operating items (Note 2)	118,945	(40,300)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other current assets	(278)	(575)
Accrued employment costs and other current liabilities	(1,498)	(1,328)
Income tax refund receivable	(903)	3,021
Pension and other postretirement liabilities	(386)	81
Other liabilities	1,594	447
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(3,869)	(138)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (Note 2) — period increase (decrease)	(3,869)	(138)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (Note 2) — beginning of year	259,371	257,251
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash — end of period	$ 255,502	$ 257,113

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Commitments and Contingencies (Schedule of Future Minimum Payments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]
2020 (April 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020)	$ 526
Operating lease payments, 2021	350
Total operating lease payments	876
Less: interest	(37)
Operating lease liability	839
Operating lease liability, current	$ 665	$ 652
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other Liabilities Current
Operating lease liability, noncurrent	$ 174	$ 345
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List	us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent

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Pensions and Other Employee Benefits Plans (Components of Net Periodic Cost) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Pension Benefits [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	[1]	$ 181	$ 178
Interest cost	[2]	440	510
Expected return on plan assets	[2]	(669)	(607)
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain)	[2]	303	231
Net periodic cost		255	312
Other Benefits [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Interest cost	[2]	4	5
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain)	[2]	(1)	(1)
Net periodic cost		$ 3	$ 4

[1] Included in general and administrative expenses.

[2] Included in other expense.

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Earnings Per Share (Narrative) (Details) - Telesat Canada [Member]	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Economic interest in affiliate	62.70%	62.70%
Percentage of economic interest as result of dilution upon exercise of stock options	62.30%

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Components of Other Comprehensive Income and Related Tax Effects) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Amortization of prior service credits and net actuarial loss, Before-Tax Amount	[1]	$ 302	$ 230
Proportionate share of Telesat Holdco other comprehensive income (loss), Before-Tax Amount		31,063	(6,589)
Other comprehensive income (loss), Before-Tax Amount		31,365	(6,359)
Amortization of prior service credits and net actuarial loss, Tax (Provision) Benefit		(63)	(48)
Proportionate share of Telesat Holdco other comprehensive income (loss), Tax (Provision) Benefit		(12)	1
Other comprehensive income, Tax (Provision) Benefit		(75)	(47)
Amortization of prior service credits and net actuarial gain (loss), Net-of-Tax Amount		239	182
Proportionate share of Telesat Holdco other comprehensive income (loss), Net-of-Tax Amount		31,051	(6,588)
Other comprehensive income (loss), Net-of-tax Amount		$ 31,290	$ (6,406)

[1] Reclassifications are included in other expense.

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Pensions and Other Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Pensions and Other Employee Benefit Plans [Abstract]

Components of Net Periodic Cost

The following tables provide the components of net periodic cost for our qualified retirement plan (the “Pension Benefits”) and health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees and dependents (the “Other Benefits”) for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019(in thousands):

	Pension Benefits				Other Benefits
	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Service cost (1)	$	181	$	178	$	—	$	—
Interest cost (2)		440		510		4		5
Expected return on plan assets (2)		(669)		(607)		—		—
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain) (2)		303		231		(1)		(1)
Net periodic cost	$	255	$	312	$	3	$	4

(1)Included in general and administrative expenses.

(2)Included in other expense.

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Basis of Presentation (Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 255,198	$ 259,067
Restricted cash	304	304
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$ 255,502	$ 259,371	$ 257,113	$ 257,251

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Pensions and Other Employee Benefit Plans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Pensions and Other Employee Benefit Plans [Abstract]

Pensions and Other Employee Benefit Plans

11. Pensions and Other Employee Benefit Plans

The following tables provide the components of net periodic cost for our qualified retirement plan (the “Pension Benefits”) and health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees and dependents (the “Other Benefits”) for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019(in thousands):

	Pension Benefits				Other Benefits
	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Service cost (1)	$	181	$	178	$	—	$	—
Interest cost (2)		440		510		4		5
Expected return on plan assets (2)		(669)		(607)		—		—
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain) (2)		303		231		(1)		(1)
Net periodic cost	$	255	$	312	$	3	$	4

(1)Included in general and administrative expenses.

(2)Included in other expense.

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Income Taxes

7. Income Taxes

The following summarizes our income tax provision (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Current income tax provision	$	(547)	$	(602)
Deferred income tax provision		(1,569)		(1,464)
Income tax provision	$	(2,116)	$	(2,066)

For the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, our income tax provision is computed by applying an expected effective annual tax rate against the pre-tax results for each period (after adjusting for certain tax items that are discrete to each period). The current income tax provision for each period includes our anticipated income tax liability related to GILTI from Telesat and our provision for UTPs. The deferred income tax provision for each period includes the impact of equity in net (loss) income of affiliates from our condensed consolidated statement of operations and the periodic effect of our accounting for GILTI.

To the extent that profitability from operations is not sufficient to realize the benefit from our remaining net deferred tax assets, we would generate sufficient taxable income from the appreciated value of our Telesat investment in order to prevent federal net operating losses from expiring and realize the benefit of all remaining deferred tax assets.

The following summarizes amounts for UTPs included in our income tax provision (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Current provision for UTPs	$	(476)	$	(460)
Deferred benefit for UTPs		100		93
Tax provision for UTPs	$	(376)	$	(367)

As of March 31, 2020, we had unrecognized tax benefits relating to UTPs of $43 million. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income taxes in income tax expense on a quarterly basis. As of March 31, 2020, we have accrued no penalties and approximately $2.5 million for the potential payment of tax-related interest.

With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state or local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2014. Earlier years related to certain foreign jurisdictions remain subject to examination. To the extent allowed by law, the tax authorities may have the right to examine prior periods where net operating losses were generated and carried forward, and make adjustments up to the amount of the net operating loss carryforward. While we intend to contest any future tax assessments for uncertain tax positions, no assurance can be provided that we would ultimately prevail. Pursuant to the purchase agreement for the sale of SSL, we are obligated to indemnify SSL for certain taxes related to periods prior to the closing of the transaction.

As of March 31, 2020, if our positions are sustained by the taxing authorities, the Company’s income tax provision would be reduced by approximately $7.7 million. We do not anticipate any significant change to our unrecognized tax benefits during the next twelve months.

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Voting Common Stock [Member]
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	21,581,572	21,581,572
Treasury stock, shares	154,494	154,494
Non-Voting Common Stock [Member]
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	9,505,673	9,505,673
Shares issued and outstanding	9,505,673	9,505,673

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Organization and Principal Business

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization and Principal Business [Abstract]

Organization and Principal Business

1. Organization and Principal Business

Loral Space & Communications Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“Loral,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us”) is a leading satellite communications company engaged, through our ownership interests in affiliates, in satellite-based communications services.

Description of Business

Loral has one operating segment consisting of satellite-based communications services. Loral participates in satellite services operations primarily through its ownership interest in Telesat Canada (“Telesat”), a leading global satellite operator. Loral holds a 62.7% economic interest and a 32.6% voting interest in Telesat. We use the equity method of accounting for our ownership interest in Telesat (see Note 5).

Telesat owns and leases a satellite fleet that operates in geostationary earth orbit approximately 22,000 miles above the equator. In this orbit, satellites remain in a fixed position relative to points on the earth’s surface and provide reliable, high-bandwidth services anywhere in their coverage areas, serving as the backbone for many forms of telecommunications. Telesat is also developing a global constellation of low earth orbit (“LEO”) satellites. LEO satellites operate in a circular orbit around the earth with an altitude typically between 500 and 870 miles. Unlike geostationary orbit satellites that operate in a fixed orbital location above the equator, LEO satellites travel around the earth at high velocities requiring antennas on the ground to track their movement. LEO satellite systems have the potential to offer a number of advantages over geostationary orbit satellites to meet growing requirements for broadband services, both consumer and commercial, by providing increased data speeds and capacity, global coverage, and latency on par with, or potentially better than, terrestrial services.

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Financial Instruments, Derivative Instruments and Hedging (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Financial Instruments, Derivative Instruments and Hedging [Abstract]
Derivative instruments	$ 0	$ 0

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Earnings Per Share (Schedule of Dilutive Impact of Equity Method Investee Stock Options) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Net (loss) income per share:
Net income (loss)	$ (121,343)	$ 38,516
Less: Adjustment for dilutive effect of Telesat stock options		(254)
Income from continuing operations — diluted		$ 38,262

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Related Party Transactions (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended	15 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2020
Transaction, Consulting Agreement [Member] | Director [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party transaction, date	Dec. 14, 2012
Transaction fee	$ 360,000	$ 360,000
Transaction income during the period	11,250	11,250
Monthly Fee [Member] | Transaction, Consulting Agreement [Member] | Director [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Transaction fee	$ 120,000
Telesat Canada [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Economic interest in affiliate	62.70%			62.70%	62.70%
Voting interest in affiliate	32.60%			32.60%	32.60%
Common stock, percentage acquired by an unaffiliated third party	90.00%
Duration for shares to be paid, days	10 days
Telesat Canada [Member] | Transaction, Consulting Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party transaction, date	Oct. 31, 2007
Consulting agreement term	The Consulting Agreement has a term of seven-years with an automatic renewal for an additional seven-year term
Transaction income during the period	$ 1,250,000	1,250,000
Transaction payments received during the period	1,200,000	$ 1,200,000
Telesat Canada [Member] | Annual Fee [Member] | Transaction, Consulting Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Transaction fee	5,000,000
Telesat Canada [Member] | Annual Fee [Member] | Transaction Participation In Welfare Plans Administrative Fee [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Transaction fee	100,000
Telesat Canada [Member] | Years 2003 to 2006 [Member] | Brazil [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Tax assessment imposed audit	$ 700,000
XTAR, LLC [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership interest	56.00%				56.00%
XTAR, LLC [Member] | Transaction, Management Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Due from Affiliate, Noncurrent	$ 6,600,000			$ 6,700,000	$ 6,600,000
Amount of doubtful accounts receivable	$ 6,600,000			$ 6,600,000	6,600,000
Transaction payments received during the period					$ 0
Management fee charged as a percentage of revenue			3.70%
MHR Funds [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of outstanding voting common stock	39.90%			39.90%
Percentage of combined ownership of voting and non-voting common stock	58.40%			58.40%	58.40%

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Other Liabilities (Schedule of Long Term Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Other Liabilities [Abstract]
Operating lease liability, noncurrent	$ 174	$ 345
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List	us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent
Indemnification liabilities (see Note 13)	$ 145	145
Liabilities for uncertain tax positions	18,946	17,352
Long-term liabilities	$ 19,265	$ 17,842

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Investments in Affiliates (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands				3 Months Ended
	Dec. 06, 2019	Oct. 11, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019	Mar. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Investments in affiliates				$ 4,173			$ 90,184
Accumulated other comprehensive loss				(23,624)			$ (54,914)
Proportionate share of Telesat Holdco other comprehensive income (loss), Before-Tax Amount				$ 31,063		$ (6,589)
Telesat Canada [Member]
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Economic interest in affiliate				62.70%			62.70%
Voting interest in affiliate				32.60%			32.60%
Investments in affiliates				$ 4,173			$ 90,184
Operating lease right of use asset			$ 19,600
Operating lease liability			$ 20,000
Proportionate share of Telesat Holdco other comprehensive income (loss), Before-Tax Amount				31,100
Annual Consulting fees payable in cash				5,000
XTAR, LLC [Member]
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Investments in affiliates				$ 0			0
Percentage of ownership interest				56.00%
Globalstar de Mexico [Member]
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Investments in affiliates				$ 0			$ 0
Senior Notes 8.875% [Member] | Telesat Canada [Member]
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Interest on notes		8.875%
Extinguishment of debt, amount		$ 500,000
Debt instrument, repurchase date		Oct. 11, 2019
Indenture maturity date		Nov. 15, 2024
Senior Notes 6.500% [Member] | Telesat Canada [Member]
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Interest on notes		6.50%
Debt instrument, issuance date		Oct. 11, 2019
Indenture maturity date		Oct. 01, 2027
Senior notes issued and outstanding		$ 550,000
Senior secured notes 4.875% [Member] | Telesat Canada [Member]
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Interest on notes	4.875%
Indenture maturity date	Jun. 01, 2027
Senior notes issued and outstanding	$ 400,000
Equity Method Investment Revolving Credit [Member] | Telesat Canada [Member]
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Revolving credit borrowings	$ 200,000
Indenture maturity date	Dec. 01, 2024
Equity Method Investment Senior Secured Credit Facility [Member] | Telesat Canada [Member]
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Minimum total leverage ratio				4.50
Minimum total leverage ratio to incur debt and make payments				5.10
Term Loan B - U.S. Facility [Member] | Telesat Canada [Member]
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Term loan borrowings	$ 1,908,500
Debt instrument, issuance date	Dec. 06, 2019
Indenture maturity date	Dec. 01, 2026
Former Term Loan B - U.S. Facility [Member] | Telesat Canada [Member]
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Term loan borrowings	$ 0
Debt instrument, repurchase date	Dec. 06, 2019
Restatement Adjustment [Member] | Telesat Canada [Member]
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Proportionate share of Telesat Holdco other comprehensive income (loss), Before-Tax Amount					$ (22,100)

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Other Current Liabilities (Schedule of Other Current Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Other Current Liabilities [Abstract]
Operating lease liability, current	$ 665	$ 652
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other current liabilities, total
Due to affiliate	$ 129	5
Accrued professional fees	1,282	1,419
Pension and other postretirement liabilities	77	77
Income taxes payable		673
Accrued liabilities	51	57
Other current liabilities, total	$ 2,204	$ 2,883

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Investments in Affiliates (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]

Investments in Affiliates

Investments in affiliates consist of (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Telesat	$	4,173	$	90,184

Equity in Net (Loss) Income of Affiliates

Equity in net (loss) income of affiliates consists of (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Telesat	$	(117,074)	$	42,004

Telesat Canada [Member]

Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]

Summary Financial Data, Equity Method Investment

The following table presents summary financial data for Telesat in accordance with U.S. GAAP as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Balance Sheet Data:
Current assets	$	934,012	$	877,294
Total assets		3,938,886		4,130,337
Current liabilities		143,850		124,217
Long-term debt, including current portion		2,834,182		2,836,700
Total liabilities		3,468,535		3,504,594
Shareholders’ equity		470,351		625,743

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues	$	158,565	$	167,644
Operating expenses		(35,855)		(40,569)
Depreciation and amortization		(45,417)		(51,208)
Other operating expense		(167)		(55)
Operating income		77,126		75,812
Interest expense		(41,547)		(46,843)
Foreign exchange (loss) gain		(221,643)		52,469
Loss on financial instruments		(7,005)		(15,112)
Other income		4,078		3,834
Income tax benefit (provision)		682		(4,555)
Net (loss) income	$	(188,309)	$	65,605

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Basis of Presentation (Policy)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Basis of Presentation [Abstract]

Investments in Affiliates

Investments in Affiliates

Our ownership interest in Telesat is accounted for using the equity method of accounting under U.S. GAAP. Telesat’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with international financial reporting standards (“IFRS”). To allow our reporting of our investment in Telesat under U.S. GAAP, Telesat provides us with a reconciliation of its financial statements from IFRS to U.S. GAAP. Income and losses of Telesat are recorded based on our economic interest. The contribution of Loral Skynet, a wholly owned subsidiary of Loral prior to its contribution to Telesat in 2007, was recorded by Loral at the historical book value of our retained interest combined with the gain recognized on the contribution. However, the contribution was recorded by Telesat at fair value. Accordingly, the amortization of Telesat fair value adjustments applicable to the Loral Skynet assets and liabilities acquired by Telesat in 2007 is proportionately eliminated in determining our share of the net income of Telesat. Our equity in net income or loss of Telesat also reflects amortization of profits eliminated, to the extent of our economic interest in Telesat, on satellites we constructed for Telesat while we owned Space Systems/Loral, LLC (formerly known as Space Systems/Loral, Inc.) (“SSL”) and on Loral’s sale to Telesat in April 2011 of its portion of the payload on the ViaSat-1 satellite and related assets. Non-refundable cash distributions received from Telesat in excess of our initial investment and our share of cumulative equity in comprehensive income of Telesat, net of cash distributions received in prior periods, are recorded as equity in net income of Telesat (“Excess Cash Distribution”) since we have no obligation to provide future financial support to Telesat. After receiving an Excess Cash Distribution, we do not record additional equity in net income of Telesat until our share of Telesat’s future net income exceeds the Excess Cash Distribution. Equity in losses of affiliates is not recognized after the carrying value of an investment, including advances and loans, has been reduced to zero, unless guarantees or other funding obligations exist. We had no guarantees or other funding obligations for our equity method investments as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. We use the nature of distribution approach to classify distributions from equity method investments on the statements of cash flows. The Company monitors its equity method investments for factors indicating other-than-temporary impairment. An impairment loss is recognized when there has been a loss in value of the affiliate that is other‑than-temporary.

Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements

Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the amount of income (loss) reported for the period. Actual results could materially differ from estimates.

Significant estimates also included the allowances for doubtful accounts, income taxes, including the valuation of deferred tax assets, the fair value of liabilities indemnified, the dilutive effect of Telesat stock options (see Note 10) and our pension liabilities.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

As of March 31, 2020, the Company had $255.2 million of cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include liquid investments, primarily money market funds, with maturities of less than 90 days at the time of purchase. Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase and at each balance sheet date.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had restricted cash of $0.3 million, representing the amount pledged as collateral to the issuer of a standby letter of credit (the “LC”). The LC, which expires in August 2021, has been provided as a guaranty to the lessor of our corporate offices.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheet to the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	255,198	$	259,067
Restricted cash included in other assets		304		304
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	255,502	$	259,371

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and receivables. Our cash and cash equivalents are maintained with high-credit-quality financial institutions. As of March 31, 2020, our cash and cash equivalents were invested primarily in two liquid Government AAA money market funds. As of December 31, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents were invested primarily in several liquid Prime and Government AAA money market funds. Such funds are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The dispersion across funds reduces the exposure of a default at any one fund.  As a result, management believes that its potential credit risks are minimal.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

U.S. GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received for an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants. U.S. GAAP also establishes a fair value hierarchy that gives the highest priority to observable inputs and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1: Inputs represent a fair value that is derived from unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities traded in active markets at the measurement date.

Level 2: Inputs represent a fair value that is derived from quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities, and pricing inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date.

Level 3: Inputs are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair values are therefore determined using model-based techniques that include option pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

The following table presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	251,244	$	—	$	—	$	256,915	$	—	$	—
Other current assets:
Indemnification - Sale of SSL		—		—		598		—		—		598
Liabilities
Other liabilities:
Indemnification - Globalstar do Brasil S.A.	$	—	$	—	$	145	$	—	$	—	$	145

The carrying amount of money market funds approximates fair value as of each reporting date because of the short maturity of those instruments.

The Company did not have any non-financial assets or non-financial liabilities that were recognized or disclosed at fair value as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis

We review the carrying values of our equity method investments when events and circumstances warrant and consider all available evidence in evaluating when declines in fair value are other-than-temporary. The fair values of our investments are determined based on valuation techniques using the best information available and may include quoted market prices, market comparables and discounted cash flow projections. An impairment charge is recorded when the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its current fair value and is determined to be other-than-temporary.

The asset resulting from the indemnification of SSL is for certain pre-closing taxes and reflects the excess of payments since inception over refunds and the estimated liability, which was originally determined using the fair value objective approach. The estimated liability for indemnifications relating to Globalstar do Brasil S.A. (“GdB”), originally determined using expected value analysis, is net of payments since inception.

Contingencies

Contingencies

Contingencies by their nature relate to uncertainties that require management to exercise judgment both in assessing the likelihood that a liability has been incurred as well as in estimating the amount of potential loss, if any. We accrue for costs relating to litigation, claims and other contingent matters when such liabilities become probable and reasonably estimable. Such estimates may be based on advice from third parties or on management’s judgment, as appropriate. Actual amounts paid may differ from amounts estimated, and such differences will be charged to operations in the period in which the final determination of the liability is made.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Loral and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxation on their worldwide income and foreign taxation on certain income from sources outside the United States. Telesat is subject to tax in Canada and other jurisdictions, and Loral will provide in each period any additional U.S. current and deferred tax required on actual or deemed distributions from Telesat, including Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”). Deferred income taxes reflect the future tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial and income tax reporting and are measured by applying anticipated statutory tax rates in effect for the year during which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The tax benefit of an uncertain tax position (“UTP”) taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns is recognized only if it is “more likely than not” to be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on its technical merits as of the reporting date. The tax benefit recognized in the financial statements from such a position is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income taxes in income tax expense on a quarterly basis.

The unrecognized tax benefit of a UTP is recognized in the period when the UTP is effectively settled. Previously recognized tax positions are derecognized in the first period in which it is no longer more likely than not that the tax position would be sustained upon examination.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed based upon the weighted average number of shares of voting and non-voting common stock outstanding during each period. Shares of non-voting common stock are in all respects identical to and treated equally with shares of voting common stock except for the absence of voting rights (other than as provided in Loral’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation which was ratified by Loral’s stockholders on May 19, 2009). Diluted earnings per share are based on the weighted average number of shares of voting and non-voting common stock outstanding during each period, adjusted for the effect of unconverted restricted stock units. For diluted earnings per share, earnings are adjusted for the dilutive effect of Telesat stock options and restricted share units.

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Net (loss) income per share:

Schedule of Dilutive Impact of Equity Method Investee Stock Options

The following table presents the dilutive impact of Telesat stock options on Loral’s reported net income for the purpose of computing diluted earnings per share (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended
		March 31, 2019
Net income — basic	$	38,516
Less: Adjustment for dilutive effect of Telesat stock options		(254)
Net income — diluted	$	38,262

Schedule of Weighted Average Number of Shares for Calculating Diluted Earnings per Share

The following is the computation of common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019
Weighted average common shares outstanding	30,933
Unconverted restricted stock units	75
Common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share	31,008

Summary of Unvested Restricted Stock Units Excluded from the Calculation of Diluted Loss Per Share

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the following unconverted restricted stock units are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share as the effect would have been antidilutive (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020
Unconverted restricted stock units	75

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Financial Matters

In 2012, we sold our former subsidiary, SSL, to MDA Communications Holdings, Inc., a subsidiary of Maxar Technologies Inc. (formerly known as MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd.) (“MDA”) pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, we are obligated to indemnify MDA and its affiliates from liabilities with respect to certain pre-closing taxes. Our condensed consolidated balance sheets include an indemnification refund receivable of $0.6 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Certain tax assessments against SSL for 2007 to 2010 have been settled, resulting in our having received during the second and third quarters of 2019 refunds of prior indemnification payments totaling $1.8 million. The remaining receivable as of March 31, 2020 represents payments to date over the estimated fair value of the remaining liability for our indemnification of SSL pre-closing taxes where the final amounts have not yet been determined. Where appropriate, we intend vigorously to contest the underlying tax assessments, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful. Although no assurance can be provided, we do not believe that these tax-related matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

In connection with the sale in 2008 by Loral and certain of its subsidiaries and DASA Globalstar LLC to Globalstar Inc. of their respective interests in GdB, the Globalstar Brazilian service provider, Loral agreed to indemnify Globalstar Inc. and GdB for certain GdB pre-closing liabilities, primarily related to Brazilian taxes. Our condensed consolidated balance sheets include liabilities of $0.1 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 for indemnification liabilities relating to the sale of GdB.

See Note 14 — Related Party Transactions — Transactions with Affiliates —Telesat for commitments and contingencies relating to our agreement to indemnify Telesat for certain liabilities.

Lease Arrangements

We lease a facility and certain equipment under agreements expiring at various dates. We may renew, extend or modify the lease covering our facilities as needed. We have no sublease income in any of the periods presented.

We changed our method of accounting for leases in the first quarter of 2019 due to the adoption of ASC 842. We adopted ASC 842 as of January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition method and elected to apply the transition as of the beginning of the period of adoption.

Upon adoption of ASC 842, we recognized a right-of-use asset and lease liability of $0.3 million for an operating lease on our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019. In March 2019, the operating lease was modified by extending the lease termination date from June 30, 2019 to June 30, 2020 and increasing the rent for the extension period. In December 2019, the operating lease was further modified by extending the lease termination date to June 30, 2021.

Lease costs expensed for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

	Lease Expense
Three months ended March 31, 2020	$	174
Three months ended March 31, 2019		163

Lease payments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were $0.2 million. The remaining lease term as of March 31, 2020 is 15 months and we used a discount rate of 7.5% to compute the lease liability. The right-of-use asset is being amortized over the life of the lease.

The following is a reconciliation of the lease liability to future lease payments as of March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

2020 (April 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020)	$	526
2021		350
Total operating lease payments		876
Less: Interest		(37)
Operating lease liability	$	839
Amounts recognized in Balance Sheet
Other current liabilities	$	665
Other liabilities		174
	$	839

Legal Proceedings

We are not currently subject to any legal proceedings that, if decided adversely, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. In the future, however, we may become subject to legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, that may arise in the ordinary course of business or otherwise.

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Stock-Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

9. Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Plans

The Loral amended and restated 2005 stock incentive plan (the “Stock Incentive Plan”) which allowed for the grant of several forms of stock-based compensation awards including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock bonuses and other stock-based awards, had a ten-year term and has expired. The Company granted 75,262 restricted stock units under the Stock Incentive Plan that are vested, do not expire and remained unconverted as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

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Investments in Affiliates

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Investments in Affiliates [Abstract]

Investments in Affiliates

5. Investments in Affiliates

Investments in affiliates consist of (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Telesat	$	4,173	$	90,184

Equity in net (loss) income of affiliates consists of (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Telesat	$	(117,074)	$	42,004

Telesat

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we held a 62.7% economic interest and a 32.6% voting interest in Telesat. We use the equity method of accounting for our majority economic interest in Telesat because we own 32.6% of the voting stock and do not exercise control by other means to satisfy the U.S. GAAP requirement for treatment as a consolidated subsidiary. We have also concluded that Telesat is not a variable interest entity for which we are the primary beneficiary. Loral’s equity in net income or loss of Telesat is based on our proportionate share of Telesat’s results in accordance with U.S. GAAP and in U.S. dollars. Our proportionate share of Telesat’s net income or loss is based on our economic interest as our holdings consist of common stock and non-voting participating preferred shares that have all the rights of common stock with respect to dividends, return of capital and surplus distributions, but have no voting rights.

In addition to recording our share of equity in net loss of Telesat, we also recorded our share of equity in other comprehensive income of Telesat of $31.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

In the third quarter of 2019, we recorded an out-of-period correction to decrease our investment in Telesat and increase other comprehensive loss by $22.1 million. This non-cash adjustment was made to record the cumulative translation adjustment on our investment in Telesat from November 2007, when we first acquired our ownership interest in Telesat, to December 31, 2018. The adjustment resulted from translating our share of Telesat’s equity from Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars at historical foreign exchange rates in accordance with ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters, as required by ASC 323, Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures. Previously, we translated our share of Telesat’s equity from Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars at current foreign exchange rates at each balance sheet date.  This adjustment had no effect on our equity in net income (loss) of Telesat for any current or prior reporting period.  The Company has not revised its financial statements for prior periods for this adjustment, including for the three months ended March 31, 2019, based on its belief that the effect of such adjustment is not material to the financial statements taken as a whole.

On January 1, 2019, Telesat adopted ASC 842, Leases, for its U.S. GAAP reporting which we use to record our equity income in Telesat. Telesat adopted the new guidance using the modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard being recorded on the balance sheet. As a result, on January 1, 2019, Telesat recognized a right-of-use asset of $19.6 million and lease liability of $20.0 million on its condensed consolidated balance sheet.

On October 11, 2019, Telesat issued $550.0 million of 6.5% senior notes maturing in October 2027. The 6.5% senior notes are effectively subordinated to Telesat’s secured indebtedness, including the obligations under its senior secured credit facilities and its 4.875% senior secured notes.

On October 11, 2019, Telesat used the net proceeds from the 6.5% senior notes offering together with available cash on hand to redeem its $500 million 8.875% senior notes due November 15, 2024 by repaying all outstanding amounts, including principal, redemption premium and discounted interest to November 15, 2019.

On December 6, 2019, Telesat entered into amended senior secured credit facilities which provide for term loan borrowings of $1,908.5 million which mature in December 2026 and revolving credit facilities of up to $200 million (or Canadian dollar equivalent) which mature in December 2024. Telesat also issued, through a private placement, $400 million of 4.875% senior secured notes which mature in June 2027.  

On December 6, 2019, Telesat repaid all outstanding amounts, including related fees and expenses, under its former senior secured credit facilities.

The ability of Telesat to pay dividends or certain other restricted payments in cash to Loral is governed by applicable covenants in Telesat’s debt and shareholder agreements. Telesat’s credit agreement governing its senior secured credit facilities limits, among other items, Telesat’s ability to incur debt and make dividend payments if the total leverage ratio (“Total Leverage Ratio”) is above 4.50:1.00, with certain exceptions. As of March 31, 2020, Telesat’s Total Leverage Ratio was 5.10:1.00. Telesat is, however, permitted to pay annual consulting fees of $5.0 million to Loral in cash (see Note 14).

The following table presents summary financial data for Telesat in accordance with U.S. GAAP as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Balance Sheet Data:
Current assets	$	934,012	$	877,294
Total assets		3,938,886		4,130,337
Current liabilities		143,850		124,217
Long-term debt, including current portion		2,834,182		2,836,700
Total liabilities		3,468,535		3,504,594
Shareholders’ equity		470,351		625,743

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues	$	158,565	$	167,644
Operating expenses		(35,855)		(40,569)
Depreciation and amortization		(45,417)		(51,208)
Other operating expense		(167)		(55)
Operating income		77,126		75,812
Interest expense		(41,547)		(46,843)
Foreign exchange (loss) gain		(221,643)		52,469
Loss on financial instruments		(7,005)		(15,112)
Other income		4,078		3,834
Income tax benefit (provision)		682		(4,555)
Net (loss) income	$	(188,309)	$	65,605

Other

We own 56% of XTAR, a joint venture between us and Hisdesat Servicios Estrategicos, S.A. (“Hisdesat”) of Spain. We account for our ownership interest in XTAR under the equity method of accounting because we do not control certain of its significant operating decisions. We have also concluded that XTAR is not a variable interest entity for which we are the primary beneficiary. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the carrying value of our investment in XTAR was zero.  Beginning January 1, 2016, we discontinued providing for our allocated share of XTAR’s net losses as our investment was reduced to zero and we have no commitment to provide further financial support to XTAR.

XTAR owns and operates an X-band satellite, XTAR-EUR, located at 29° E.L., which is designed to provide X-band communications services exclusively to United States, Spanish and allied government users throughout the satellite’s coverage area, including Europe, the Middle East and Asia. XTAR also leases 7.2 72MHz X-band transponders on the Spainsat satellite located at 30° W.L., owned by Hisdesat. These transponders, designated as XTAR-LANT, provide capacity to XTAR for additional X-band services and greater coverage and flexibility.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company also held an indirect ownership interest in a foreign company that currently serves as the exclusive service provider for Globalstar service in Mexico. The Company accounts for this ownership interest using the equity method of accounting. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the carrying value of this investment was zero. Loral has written-off its investment in this company and has no future funding requirements relating to this investment. Accordingly, there is no requirement for us to provide for our allocated share of this company’s net losses. This company is currently in the process of dissolution and liquidation in Mexico, and Loral believes that it will not have any liability associated with this company upon completion of this process.

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Organization and Principal Business (Narrative) (Details) - segment	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Organization And Principal Business [Line Items]
Number of operating segment	1
Telesat Canada [Member]
Organization And Principal Business [Line Items]
Economic interest in affiliate	62.70%	62.70%
Voting interest in affiliate	32.60%	32.60%

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Basis of Presentation (Additional Cash Flow Information) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Non-cash operating items:
Equity in net (income) loss of affiliates	$ 117,074	$ (42,004)
Deferred taxes	1,569	1,464
Depreciation and amortization	1	6
Right-of-use asset, net of lease liability	(1)	4
Amortization of prior service credit and actuarial (gain) loss	302	230
Net non-cash operating items	118,945	(40,300)
Supplemental information:
Interest paid	5	5
Income tax refunds	178	2,980
Income tax payments	$ 63	$ 101

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Commitments and Contingencies (Operating Leases Expense Net of Sublease Income) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]
Lease expense	$ 174	$ 163

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Earnings Per Share (Summary of Unvested Restricted Stock Units Excluded from the Calculation of Diluted Loss Per Share) (Details) shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 shares
Net (loss) income per share:
Unconverted restricted stock units	75

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

3. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, are as follows (in thousands):

			Equity in
	Pension and		Telesat-related		Accumulated
	Other		Other		Other
	Post-retirement		Comprehensive		Comprehensive
	Benefits		Loss		Loss
Balance, January 1, 2019	$	(14,656)	$	(2,964)	$	(17,620)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification		(2,307)		(35,783)		(38,090)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		796		—		796
Net current-period other comprehensive income		(1,511)		(35,783)		(37,294)
Balance, December 31, 2019		(16,167)		(38,747)		(54,914)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification		—		31,051		31,051
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		239		—		239
Net current-period other comprehensive income		239		31,051		31,290
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	(15,928)	$	(7,696)	$	(23,624)

The components of other comprehensive income (loss) and related tax effects are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020							2019
	Before-Tax			Tax		Net-of-Tax		Before-Tax			Tax (Provision)		Net-of-Tax
	Amount			Provision		Amount		Amount			Benefit		Amount
Amortization of prior service credits
and net actuarial loss	$	302	(a)	$	(63)	$	239	$	230	(a)	$	(48)	$	182
Equity in Telesat-related other
comprehensive income (loss)		31,063			(12)		31,051		(6,589)			1		(6,588)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	31,365		$	(75)	$	31,290	$	(6,359)		$	(47)	$	(6,406)

(a)Reclassifications are included in other expense.

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Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	May 06, 2020
Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2020
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Registrant Name	Loral Space & Communications Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001006269
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Voting Common Stock [Member]
Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		21,427,078
Non-Voting Common Stock [Member]
Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		9,505,673

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Voting Common Stock [Member] Common Stock [Member]	Non-Voting Common Stock [Member] Common Stock [Member]	Paid-In Capital [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 216	$ 95	$ 1,019,988	$ (9,592)	$ (695,521)	$ (17,620)	$ 297,566
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2018	21,582	9,506		154
Net (loss) income					38,516		38,516
Other comprehensive income (loss)						(6,406)	(6,406)
Comprehensive (loss) income							32,110
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 216	$ 95	1,019,988	$ (9,592)	(657,005)	(24,026)	329,676
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2019	21,582	9,506		154
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 216	$ 95	1,019,988	$ (9,592)	(695,521)	(17,620)	297,566
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2018	21,582	9,506		154
Other comprehensive income (loss)						(37,294)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 216	$ 95	1,019,988	$ (9,592)	(605,766)	(54,914)	350,027
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2019	21,582	9,506		154
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 216	$ 95	1,019,988	$ (9,592)	(657,005)	(24,026)	329,676
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2019	21,582	9,506		154
Net (loss) income					51,239
Other comprehensive income (loss)						(30,888)
Comprehensive (loss) income							20,351
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 216	$ 95	1,019,988	$ (9,592)	(605,766)	(54,914)	350,027
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2019	21,582	9,506		154
Net (loss) income					(121,343)		(121,343)
Other comprehensive income (loss)						31,290	31,290
Comprehensive (loss) income							(90,053)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2020	$ 216	$ 95	$ 1,019,988	$ (9,592)	$ (727,109)	$ (23,624)	$ 259,974
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2020	21,582	9,506		154

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Investments in Affiliates (Equity in Net Income (Losses) of Affiliates) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity in net (loss) income of affiliates	$ (117,074)	$ 42,004
Telesat Canada [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity in net (loss) income of affiliates	$ (117,074)	$ 42,004

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Income Taxes (Summary of Income Tax Benefit (Provision)) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Income Taxes [Abstract]
Current income tax provision	$ (547)	$ (602)
Deferred income tax (provision) benefit	(1,569)	(1,464)
Income tax benefit (provision)	$ (2,116)	$ (2,066)

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Income Taxes (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Summary of Income Tax Benefit (Provision)

The following summarizes our income tax provision (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Current income tax provision	$	(547)	$	(602)
Deferred income tax provision		(1,569)		(1,464)
Income tax provision	$	(2,116)	$	(2,066)

Summary of Uncertain Tax Positions Included in Income Tax Provision

The following summarizes amounts for UTPs included in our income tax provision (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Current provision for UTPs	$	(476)	$	(460)
Deferred benefit for UTPs		100		93
Tax provision for UTPs	$	(376)	$	(367)

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Abstract]

Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, are as follows (in thousands):

			Equity in
	Pension and		Telesat-related		Accumulated
	Other		Other		Other
	Post-retirement		Comprehensive		Comprehensive
	Benefits		Loss		Loss
Balance, January 1, 2019	$	(14,656)	$	(2,964)	$	(17,620)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification		(2,307)		(35,783)		(38,090)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		796		—		796
Net current-period other comprehensive income		(1,511)		(35,783)		(37,294)
Balance, December 31, 2019		(16,167)		(38,747)		(54,914)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification		—		31,051		31,051
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		239		—		239
Net current-period other comprehensive income		239		31,051		31,290
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	(15,928)	$	(7,696)	$	(23,624)

Schedule of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Related Income Tax Effects

The components of other comprehensive income (loss) and related tax effects are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020							2019
	Before-Tax			Tax		Net-of-Tax		Before-Tax			Tax (Provision)		Net-of-Tax
	Amount			Provision		Amount		Amount			Benefit		Amount
Amortization of prior service credits
and net actuarial loss	$	302	(a)	$	(63)	$	239	$	230	(a)	$	(48)	$	182
Equity in Telesat-related other
comprehensive income (loss)		31,063			(12)		31,051		(6,589)			1		(6,588)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	31,365		$	(75)	$	31,290	$	(6,359)		$	(47)	$	(6,406)

(a)Reclassifications are included in other expense.

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Investments in Affiliates (Equity Method Investment, Summarized Financial Data) (Details) - Telesat Canada [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Summary Financial Data:
Revenues	$ 158,565	$ 167,644
Operating expenses	(35,855)	(40,569)
Depreciation and amortization	(45,417)	(51,208)
Other operating income (expense)	(167)	(55)
Operating income	77,126	75,812
Interest expense	(41,547)	(46,843)
Foreign exchange (loss) gain	(221,643)	52,469
Gain (loss) on financial instruments	(7,005)	(15,112)
Other income (expense)	4,078	3,834
Income tax benefit (provision)	682	(4,555)
Net (loss) income	(188,309)	$ 65,605
Current assets	934,012		$ 877,294
Total assets	3,938,886		4,130,337
Current liabilities	143,850		124,217
Long-term debt, including current portion	2,834,182		2,836,700
Total liabilities	3,468,535		3,504,594
Shareholders' equity	$ 470,351		$ 625,743

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Income Taxes (Summary of Uncertain Tax Positions Included in Income Tax Provision) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Income Taxes [Abstract]
Current (provision) benefit for UTPs	$ (476)	$ (460)
Deferred benefit (provision) for UTPs	100	93
Tax (provision) benefit for UTPs	$ (376)	$ (367)

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Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Other Current Liabilities [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consists of (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Operating lease liability	$	665	$	652
Due to affiliate		129		5
Accrued professional fees		1,282		1,419
Pension and other post-retirement liabilities		77		77
Income taxes payable		—		673
Accrued liabilities		51		57
	$	2,204	$	2,883

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Basis of Presentation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Basis of Presentation [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheet to the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	255,198	$	259,067
Restricted cash included in other assets		304		304
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	255,502	$	259,371

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring and Non-Recurring basis

The following table presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	251,244	$	—	$	—	$	256,915	$	—	$	—
Other current assets:
Indemnification - Sale of SSL		—		—		598		—		—		598
Liabilities
Other liabilities:
Indemnification - Globalstar do Brasil S.A.	$	—	$	—	$	145	$	—	$	—	$	145

Additional Cash Flow Information

The following represents non-cash activities and supplemental information to the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Non-cash operating items:
Equity in net loss (income) of affiliates	$	117,074	$	(42,004)
Deferred taxes		1,569		1,464
Depreciation and amortization		1		6
Right-of-use asset, net of lease liability		(1)		4
Amortization of prior service credit and actuarial loss		302		230
Net non-cash operating items	$	118,945	$	(40,300)
Supplemental information:
Interest paid	$	5	$	5
Income tax refunds	$	178	$	2,980
Income tax payments	$	63	$	101

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Other Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Other Liabilities

8. Other Liabilities

Other liabilities consists of (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Operating lease liability	$	174	$	345
Indemnification liabilities - other (see Note 13)		145		145
Liabilities for uncertain tax positions		18,946		17,352
	$	19,265	$	17,842

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Other Current Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Other Current Assets [Abstract]

Other Current Assets

4. Other Current Assets

Other current assets consists of (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Indemnification receivable from SSL for pre-closing taxes (see Note 13)	$	598	$	598
Due from affiliates		96		186
Prepaid expenses		790		164
Other		116		374
	$	1,600	$	1,322

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Financial Instruments, Derivative Instruments and Hedging

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Financial Instruments, Derivative Instruments and Hedging [Abstract]

Financial Instruments, Derivative Instruments and Hedging

12. Financial Instruments, Derivative Instruments and Hedging

Financial Instruments

The carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.

Foreign Currency

We are subject to the risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. To limit this foreign exchange rate exposure, we attempt to denominate all contracts in U.S. dollars. Where appropriate, derivatives are used to minimize the risk of foreign exchange rate fluctuations to operating results and cash flows. We do not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Derivatives and Hedging Transactions

There were no derivative instruments as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

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Basis of Presentation (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019
Basis of Presentation [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 255,198	$ 259,067
Restricted cash		304	304
Operating lease liability		839
Right-of-use asset		831	988	$ 300
Subsequent Event [Member]
Basis of Presentation [Line Items]
Dividends Payable, Date Declared	Apr. 30, 2020
Dividends Payable, Amount Per Share	$ 5.50
Dividends, Cash	$ 170,500
Dividends Payable, Date to be Paid	May 28, 2020
Dividends Payable, Date of Record	May 14, 2020
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member] | Restatement Adjustment [Member]
Basis of Presentation [Line Items]
Operating lease liability				300
Right-of-use asset				$ 300
Telesat Canada [Member]
Basis of Presentation [Line Items]
Investments in affiliates, guarantee or other funding obligations		$ 0	$ 0

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning balance	$ (54,914)
Other comprehensive income (loss), Net-of-tax Amount	31,290	$ (6,406)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), ending balance	(23,624)		$ (54,914)	$ (54,914)
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning balance	(16,167)	(14,656)		(14,656)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification				(2,307)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	239			796
Other comprehensive income (loss), Net-of-tax Amount	239			(1,511)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), ending balance	(15,928)		(16,167)	(16,167)
Proportionate Share of Telesat Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning balance	(38,747)	(2,964)		(2,964)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	31,051			(35,783)
Other comprehensive income (loss), Net-of-tax Amount	31,051			(35,783)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), ending balance	(7,696)		(38,747)	(38,747)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning balance	(54,914)	(17,620)		(17,620)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	31,051			(38,090)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	239			796
Other comprehensive income (loss), Net-of-tax Amount	31,290	$ (6,406)	(30,888)	(37,294)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), ending balance	$ (23,624)		$ (54,914)	$ (54,914)

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Commitments and Contingencies (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019
Contingencies And Commitments [Line Items]
Operating lease liability	$ 839
Right-of-use asset	831			$ 988	$ 300
Sublease income	0	$ 0
Operating lease payments	$ 200
Operating lease, term of contract	1 year 3 months
Operating lease, discount rate	7.50%
Sale of SSL, Nov. 02, 2012 [Member] | Pre Closing Taxes Indemnification [Member]
Contingencies And Commitments [Line Items]
Indemnification refund receivable	$ 600			600
Indemnification refund received			$ 1,800
Globalstar do Brasil S.A. [Member]
Contingencies And Commitments [Line Items]
Loss contingency accrual	$ 100			$ 100
Restatement Adjustment [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member]
Contingencies And Commitments [Line Items]
Operating lease liability					300
Right-of-use asset					$ 300

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Earnings Per Share (Schedule of Weighted Average Number of Shares for Calculating Diluted Earnings Per Share) (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Net (loss) income per share:
Weighted average common shares outstanding	30,933	30,933
Unconverted restricted stock units		75
Common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share	30,933	31,008

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (loss) Income [Abstract]
General and administrative expenses	$ (1,648)	$ (1,803)
Operating income (loss)	(1,648)	(1,803)
Interest and investment income	937	1,602
Interest expense	(5)	(5)
Other expense	(1,437)	(1,216)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in net income (loss) of affiliates	(2,153)	(1,422)
Income tax (provision) benefit	(2,116)	(2,066)
Income (loss) before equity in net income (loss) of affiliates	(4,269)	(3,488)
Equity in net (loss) income of affiliates	(117,074)	42,004
Net (loss) income	(121,343)	38,516
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	31,290	(6,406)
Comprehensive (loss) income	$ (90,053)	$ 32,110
Net (loss) income per share:
Basic	$ (3.92)	$ 1.25
Diluted	$ (3.92)	$ 1.23
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	30,933	30,933
Diluted	30,933	31,008

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Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Basis of Presentation [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

2. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and, in our opinion, include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations, financial position and cash flows as of the balance sheet dates presented and for the periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to SEC rules. We believe that the disclosures made are adequate to keep the information presented from being misleading. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

The December 31, 2019 balance sheet has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.

Investments in Affiliates

Our ownership interest in Telesat is accounted for using the equity method of accounting under U.S. GAAP. Telesat’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with international financial reporting standards (“IFRS”). To allow our reporting of our investment in Telesat under U.S. GAAP, Telesat provides us with a reconciliation of its financial statements from IFRS to U.S. GAAP. Income and losses of Telesat are recorded based on our economic interest. The contribution of Loral Skynet, a wholly owned subsidiary of Loral prior to its contribution to Telesat in 2007, was recorded by Loral at the historical book value of our retained interest combined with the gain recognized on the contribution. However, the contribution was recorded by Telesat at fair value. Accordingly, the amortization of Telesat fair value adjustments applicable to the Loral Skynet assets and liabilities acquired by Telesat in 2007 is proportionately eliminated in determining our share of the net income of Telesat. Our equity in net income or loss of Telesat also reflects amortization of profits eliminated, to the extent of our economic interest in Telesat, on satellites we constructed for Telesat while we owned Space Systems/Loral, LLC (formerly known as Space Systems/Loral, Inc.) (“SSL”) and on Loral’s sale to Telesat in April 2011 of its portion of the payload on the ViaSat-1 satellite and related assets. Non-refundable cash distributions received from Telesat in excess of our initial investment and our share of cumulative equity in comprehensive income of Telesat, net of cash distributions received in prior periods, are recorded as equity in net income of Telesat (“Excess Cash Distribution”) since we have no obligation to provide future financial support to Telesat. After receiving an Excess Cash Distribution, we do not record additional equity in net income of Telesat until our share of Telesat’s future net income exceeds the Excess Cash Distribution. Equity in losses of affiliates is not recognized after the carrying value of an investment, including advances and loans, has been reduced to zero, unless guarantees or other funding obligations exist. We had no guarantees or other funding obligations for our equity method investments as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. We use the nature of distribution approach to classify distributions from equity method investments on the statements of cash flows. The Company monitors its equity method investments for factors indicating other-than-temporary impairment. An impairment loss is recognized when there has been a loss in value of the affiliate that is other‑than-temporary.

Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the amount of income (loss) reported for the period. Actual results could materially differ from estimates.

Significant estimates also included the allowances for doubtful accounts, income taxes, including the valuation of deferred tax assets, the fair value of liabilities indemnified, the dilutive effect of Telesat stock options (see Note 10) and our pension liabilities.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

As of March 31, 2020, the Company had $255.2 million of cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include liquid investments, primarily money market funds, with maturities of less than 90 days at the time of purchase. Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase and at each balance sheet date.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had restricted cash of $0.3 million, representing the amount pledged as collateral to the issuer of a standby letter of credit (the “LC”). The LC, which expires in August 2021, has been provided as a guaranty to the lessor of our corporate offices.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheet to the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	255,198	$	259,067
Restricted cash included in other assets		304		304
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	255,502	$	259,371

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and receivables. Our cash and cash equivalents are maintained with high-credit-quality financial institutions. As of March 31, 2020, our cash and cash equivalents were invested primarily in two liquid Government AAA money market funds. As of December 31, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents were invested primarily in several liquid Prime and Government AAA money market funds. Such funds are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The dispersion across funds reduces the exposure of a default at any one fund.  As a result, management believes that its potential credit risks are minimal.

Fair Value Measurements

U.S. GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received for an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants. U.S. GAAP also establishes a fair value hierarchy that gives the highest priority to observable inputs and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1: Inputs represent a fair value that is derived from unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities traded in active markets at the measurement date.

Level 2: Inputs represent a fair value that is derived from quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities, and pricing inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date.

Level 3: Inputs are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair values are therefore determined using model-based techniques that include option pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

The following table presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	251,244	$	—	$	—	$	256,915	$	—	$	—
Other current assets:
Indemnification - Sale of SSL		—		—		598		—		—		598
Liabilities
Other liabilities:
Indemnification - Globalstar do Brasil S.A.	$	—	$	—	$	145	$	—	$	—	$	145

The carrying amount of money market funds approximates fair value as of each reporting date because of the short maturity of those instruments.

The Company did not have any non-financial assets or non-financial liabilities that were recognized or disclosed at fair value as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis

We review the carrying values of our equity method investments when events and circumstances warrant and consider all available evidence in evaluating when declines in fair value are other-than-temporary. The fair values of our investments are determined based on valuation techniques using the best information available and may include quoted market prices, market comparables and discounted cash flow projections. An impairment charge is recorded when the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its current fair value and is determined to be other-than-temporary.

The asset resulting from the indemnification of SSL is for certain pre-closing taxes and reflects the excess of payments since inception over refunds and the estimated liability, which was originally determined using the fair value objective approach. The estimated liability for indemnifications relating to Globalstar do Brasil S.A. (“GdB”), originally determined using expected value analysis, is net of payments since inception.

Contingencies

Contingencies by their nature relate to uncertainties that require management to exercise judgment both in assessing the likelihood that a liability has been incurred as well as in estimating the amount of potential loss, if any. We accrue for costs relating to litigation, claims and other contingent matters when such liabilities become probable and reasonably estimable. Such estimates may be based on advice from third parties or on management’s judgment, as appropriate. Actual amounts paid may differ from amounts estimated, and such differences will be charged to operations in the period in which the final determination of the liability is made.

Income Taxes

Loral and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxation on their worldwide income and foreign taxation on certain income from sources outside the United States. Telesat is subject to tax in Canada and other jurisdictions, and Loral will provide in each period any additional U.S. current and deferred tax required on actual or deemed distributions from Telesat, including Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”). Deferred income taxes reflect the future tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial and income tax reporting and are measured by applying anticipated statutory tax rates in effect for the year during which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The tax benefit of an uncertain tax position (“UTP”) taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns is recognized only if it is “more likely than not” to be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on its technical merits as of the reporting date. The tax benefit recognized in the financial statements from such a position is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income taxes in income tax expense on a quarterly basis.

The unrecognized tax benefit of a UTP is recognized in the period when the UTP is effectively settled. Previously recognized tax positions are derecognized in the first period in which it is no longer more likely than not that the tax position would be sustained upon examination.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed based upon the weighted average number of shares of voting and non-voting common stock outstanding during each period. Shares of non-voting common stock are in all respects identical to and treated equally with shares of voting common stock except for the absence of voting rights (other than as provided in Loral’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation which was ratified by Loral’s stockholders on May 19, 2009). Diluted earnings per share are based on the weighted average number of shares of voting and non-voting common stock outstanding during each period, adjusted for the effect of unconverted restricted stock units. For diluted earnings per share, earnings are adjusted for the dilutive effect of Telesat stock options and restricted share units.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU No. 2018-13 eliminates, amends, and adds disclosure requirements to improve the effectiveness of fair value measurement disclosures. While certain amendments are to be applied prospectively, all other amendments are to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The new guidance, adopted by the Company on January 1, 2020, did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB amended the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) by creating ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). ASC Topic 842 requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a lease term greater than 12 months. The main difference between previous U.S. GAAP and ASC Topic 842 is the recognition under ASC 842 of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous U.S. GAAP. We adopted ASC 842 in the first quarter of 2019 utilizing the modified retrospective method with a practical expedient through a cumulative-effect adjustment at the beginning of the first quarter of 2019. As a result, on January 1, 2019, we recognized a right-of-use asset and lease liability for an operating lease of approximately $0.3 million on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Subsequent Event

On April 30, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a special dividend of $5.50 per share for an aggregate dividend of approximately $170.5 million. The special dividend is payable on May 28, 2020 to holders of record of Loral voting and non-voting common stock as of the close of business on May 14, 2020.

Additional Cash Flow Information

The following represents non-cash activities and supplemental information to the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Non-cash operating items:
Equity in net loss (income) of affiliates	$	117,074	$	(42,004)
Deferred taxes		1,569		1,464
Depreciation and amortization		1		6
Right-of-use asset, net of lease liability		(1)		4
Amortization of prior service credit and actuarial loss		302		230
Net non-cash operating items	$	118,945	$	(40,300)
Supplemental information:
Interest paid	$	5	$	5
Income tax refunds	$	178	$	2,980
Income tax payments	$	63	$	101