pure_Current folio

0001558370-15-002828.txt : 20151210 0001558370-15-002828.hdr.sgml : 20151210 20151210161533 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001558370-15-002828 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-Q PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 11 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20151031 FILED AS OF DATE: 20151210 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20151210 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PURE BIOSCIENCE, INC. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001006028 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICAL PRODUCTS [2890] IRS NUMBER: 330530289 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 0731 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-Q SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-14468 FILM NUMBER: 151281022 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1725 GILLESPIE WAY CITY: EL CAJON STATE: CA ZIP: 92020 BUSINESS PHONE: 619-596-8600 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1725 GILLESPIE WAY CITY: EL CAJON STATE: CA ZIP: 92020 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PURE BIOSCIENCE DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20031029 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PURE BIOSCIENCES DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20031029 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: INNOVATIVE MEDICAL SERVICES DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19960122 10-Q 1 pure-20151031x10q.htm 10-Q pure_Current folio_10Q

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2015

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 001-14468

PURE Bioscience, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	33-0530289
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1725 Gillespie Way El Cajon, California	92020
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (619) 596-8600

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	◻	Accelerated filer	◻

Non-accelerated filer	◻	Smaller reporting company	☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ◻ No ☒

As of December 10, 2015, there were 59,655,819 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.

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Pure Bioscience, Inc.

Form 10-Q

for the Quarterly Period Ended October 31, 2015

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		Page
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	13
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	22
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	22

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	24
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	24
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	25
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	25
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	25
Item 5.	Other Information	26
Item 6.	Exhibits	27
	Signatures	29

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Item 1. Financial Statements

Pure Bioscience, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets


	October 31,		July 31,
	2015		2015
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	6,055,000	$	1,321,000
Accounts receivable		93,000		189,000
Inventories, net		219,000		207,000
Restricted cash		75,000		75,000
Prepaid expenses		150,000		187,000
Total current assets		6,592,000		1,979,000
Property, plant and equipment, net		83,000		90,000
Patents, net		1,152,000		1,192,000
Total assets	$	7,827,000	$	3,261,000
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	384,000	$	560,000
Restructuring liability		54,000		59,000
Accrued liabilities		177,000		246,000
Derivative liability		6,969,000		4,000
Total current liabilities		7,584,000		869,000
Deferred rent		8,000		9,000
Total liabilities		7,592,000		878,000
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 7)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value:
5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued		—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value:
100,000,000 shares authorized,
55,211,380 shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2015, and
41,859,297 shares issued and outstanding at July 31, 2015		553,000		420,000
Additional paid-in capital		91,350,000		90,811,000
Accumulated deficit		(91,668,000)		(88,848,000)
Total stockholders’ equity		235,000		2,383,000
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	7,827,000	$	3,261,000

See accompanying notes.

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Pure Bioscience, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended
	October 31,
	2015		2014
Net product sales	$	186,000	$	117,000
Operating costs and expenses
Cost of goods sold		54,000		45,000
Selling, general and administrative		1,086,000		1,192,000
Research and development		236,000		176,000
Share-based compensation		672,000		503,000
Other share-based expenses		—		131,000
Total operating costs and expenses		2,048,000		2,047,000
Loss from operations		(1,862,000)		(1,930,000)
Other income (expense)
Fair value of derivative liabilities in excess of proceeds		(1,008,000)		—
Change in derivative liability		43,000		(1,000)
Interest expense, net		(2,000)		(2,000)
Other income (expense), net		9,000		(1,000)
Total other income (expense)		(958,000)		(4,000)
Net loss	$	(2,820,000)	$	(1,934,000)
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.07)	$	(0.05)
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share		43,019,329		37,029,203

See accompanying notes.

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Pure Bioscience, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended
	October 31,
	2015		2014
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(2,820,000)	$	(1,934,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Share-based compensation		672,000		503,000
Amortization of stock issued for services		55,000		22,000
Stock issued to investors to amend subscription agreements		—		131,000
Fair value of derivative liabilities in excess of proceeds		1,008,000		—
Depreciation and amortization		51,000		51,000
Change in fair value of derivative liability		(43,000)		1,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		96,000		—
Inventories		(12,000)		18,000
Prepaid expenses		(18,000)		(80,000)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(250,000)		(955,000)
Deferred rent		(1,000)		(1,000)
Net cash used in operating activities		(1,262,000)		(2,244,000)
Investing activities
Investment in patents		(4,000)		(4,000)
Net cash used in investing activities		(4,000)		(4,000)
Financing activities
Net proceeds from the sale of common stock		6,000,000		7,493,000
Net cash provided by financing activities		6,000,000		7,493,000
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		4,734,000		5,245,000
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		1,321,000		86,000
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	6,055,000	$	5,331,000
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for taxes	$	2,000	$	—

See accompanying notes.

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Pure Bioscience, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Pure Bioscience, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, ETIH2O Corporation, a Nevada corporation. ETIH2O Corporation currently has no business operations and no material assets or liabilities and there have been no significant transactions related to ETIH2O Corporation during the periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. All references to “PURE,” “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to Pure Bioscience, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiary.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, for interim financial information pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10/Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended October 31, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other quarters or the year ending July 31, 2016. The July 31, 2015 balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP and included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more complete information, these unaudited financial statements and the notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2015 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K covering such period filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on October 28, 2015.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

2. Liquidity

Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private offerings of securities, debt financing, and revenue from product sales and license agreements. We have a history of recurring losses, and as of October 31, 2015, we have incurred a cumulative net loss of $91,668,000.

As of October 31, 2015, we had $6,055,000 in cash and cash equivalents, and $384,000 of accounts payable. As of October 31, 2015, we have no long-term debt.

Subsequent to October 31, 2015, we received $2.0 million in connection with a private placement (See Note 13)

Our future capital requirements depend on numerous forward-looking factors. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the following: the acceptance of, and demand for, our products; our success and the success of our partners in selling our products; our success and the success of our partners in obtaining regulatory approvals to sell our products; the costs of further developing our existing products and technologies; the extent to which we invest in new product and technology development; and the costs associated with the continued operation, and any future growth, of our business. The outcome of these and other forward-looking factors will substantially affect our liquidity and capital resources.

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rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. There is no guarantee that we would be able to obtain capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

If we are unable to obtain sufficient capital, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. It could cause us to fail to execute our business plan, fail to take advantage of future opportunities, or fail to respond to competitive pressures or customer requirements. It also may require us to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of our research and development programs, to license to third parties the right to commercialize products or technologies that we would otherwise commercialize ourselves, or to reduce or cease operations. If adequate funds are not available when needed, we may be required to significantly modify our business model and operations to reduce spending to a sustainable level.

We believe our available cash on-hand and cash received from financings subsequent to our quarter ended October 31, 2015, our current efforts to market and sell our products, and our ability to significantly reduce expenses, will provide sufficient cash resources to satisfy our needs over the next 12 months. However, we do not yet have, and we may never have, significant cash inflows from product sales or from other sources of revenue to offset our ongoing and planned investments in research and development projects, regulatory submissions, business development activities, and sales and marketing, among other investments. Some or all of our ongoing or planned investments may not be successful. In addition, irrespective of our cash resources, we may be contractually or legally obligated to make certain investments which cannot be postponed.

3. Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed as net loss divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Our diluted net loss per common share is the same as our basic net loss per common share because we incurred a net loss during each period presented, and the potentially dilutive securities from the assumed exercise of all outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants would have an anti-dilutive effect. As of October 31, 2015 and 2014, the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, the vesting of restricted stock units, and the exercise of warrants, none of which are included in the computation of basic net loss per common share, was 23,178,331 and 10,681,167, respectively.

4. Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. For the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, our comprehensive loss consisted only of net loss.

5. Inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and net of a valuation allowance for potential excess or obsolete material. Cost is determined using the average cost method. Depreciation related to manufacturing is systematically allocated to inventory produced, and expensed through cost of goods sold at the time inventory is sold.

Inventories consist of the following:


	October 31,		July 31,
	2015		2015
Raw materials	$	124,000	$	96,000
Finished goods		95,000		111,000
	$	219,000	$	207,000

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6. Commitments and Contingencies

Severance Agreement

On August 13, 2013, the Company entered into a Severance and Release Agreement with Dennis Brovarone, a former Board member. Mr. Brovarone will receive $91,000, payable in 60 monthly installments of approximately $1,600, commencing December 11, 2013 for amounts previously accrued as of July 31, 2013. Approximately $54,000 remains payable under the agreement and is included in the accrued restructuring liability section of the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of October 31, 2015.

7. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

In accordance with GAAP, if indicators of impairment exist, we assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the fair value of the asset and we record the impairment as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating results. Estimating the undiscounted future cash flows associated with long-lived assets requires judgment, and assumptions could differ materially from actual results. During the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, no impairment of long-lived assets was indicated or recorded.

8. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the authoritative guidance establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

In connection with the October 2015 Private Placement and a prior Bridge Loan, we issued warrants with derivative features. These instruments are accounted for as derivative liabilities (See Note 9).

We used Level 3 inputs for the valuation methodology of the derivative liabilities. The estimated fair values were computed using a Monte Carlo option pricing model based on various assumptions. Our derivative liabilities are adjusted to reflect estimated fair value at each period end, with any decrease or increase in the estimated fair value being recorded in other income or expense accordingly, as adjustments to the fair value of the derivative liabilities. Various factors are considered in the pricing models we use to value the warrants, including the Company’s current stock price, the remaining life of the warrants, the volatility of the Company’s stock price, and the risk free interest rate. Future changes in these factors will have a significant impact on the computed fair value of the warrant liability. As such, we expect future changes in the fair value of the warrants to vary significantly from quarter to quarter.

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The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the derivative liabilities for the three months ended October 31, 2015:



	Warrant
	Liability
Balance at July 31, 2015	$	4,000
Issuances		7,008,000
Settlement of warrant liability		—
Adjustments to estimated fair value		(43,000)
Balance at October 31, 2015	$	6,969,000

9. Derivative Liability

On October 23, 2015 (the “Closing Date”), we closed a private placement financing (the “Private Placement Financing”), where we issued a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 6,666,666 shares of common stock with a term of five years and a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,666,666 shares of common stock with a term of six months (See Note 10).

We accounted for the combined 15,333,332 warrants issued in connection with the Private Placement Financing in accordance with the accounting guidance for derivatives. The applicable accounting guidance sets forth a two-step model to be applied in determining whether a financial instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock, which would qualify such financial instruments for a scope exception. This scope exception specifies that a contract that would otherwise meet the definition of a derivative financial instrument would not be considered as such if the contract is both (i) indexed to the entity’s own stock and (ii) classified in the stockholders’ equity section of the entity’s balance sheet. We determined the warrants were ineligible for equity classification due to anti-dilution provisions set forth therein.

The estimated fair value of the derivative liabilities at the Closing Date and at October 31, 2015, was $7,008,000 and $6,964,000. The following assumptions were used as inputs to the Monte Carlo option pricing model at October 31, 2015: for the five year warrant, stock price of $0.75 and a warrant exercise price of $0.45 as of the valuation date; our historical stock price volatility of 90%; risk free interest rate on U.S. treasury notes of 1.5%; warrant expiration of 5.0 years; for the six month warrant, stock price of $0.75 and a warrant exercise price of $0.45 as of the valuation date; our historical stock price volatility of 90%; risk free interest rate on U.S. treasury notes of 0.2%; warrant expiration of 0.5 years.

On the Closing Date, the derivative liabilities were recorded at an estimated fair value of $7,008,000. Given that the fair value of the derivative liabilities exceeded the total proceeds of the private placement of $6,000,000, no net amounts were allocated to the common stock. The $1,008,000 amount by which the recorded liabilities exceeded the proceeds was charged to other expense at the Closing Date. We have revalued the derivative liability as of October 31, 2015, and will continue to do so on each subsequent balance sheet date until the securities to which to derivative liabilities relate are exercised or expire, with any changes in the fair value between reporting periods recorded as other income or expense.

As of October 31, 2015, we had a warrant liability of $5,000 related to 132,420 warrants issued pursuant to a Bridge Loan financing that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2012. Currently there are 9,709 warrants outstanding issued in connection with the Bridge Loan. The following assumptions were used as inputs to the model at October 31, 2015: stock price of $0.75 and a warrant exercise price of $0.20 as of the valuation date; our historical stock price volatility of 89.61%; risk free interest rate on U.S. treasury notes of 0.34%; warrant expiration of 1.15 years.

On October 31, 2015, the total value of the derivative liabilities was $6,969,000. The change in fair value of the warrant liability for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, was a decrease of $43,000 and an increase of $1,000, respectively, which was recorded as a change in derivative liability in the consolidated statement of operations.

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10. Stockholders’ Equity

Private Placements

On October 23, 2015, we closed a Private Placement Financing with Franchise Brands, LLC (the “Investor”) pursuant to a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), providing for the issuance and sale by us to the Investor of (i) an aggregate of 13,333,333 shares (collectively, the “Purchase Shares”) of our common stock (the “Common Stock”) at a purchase price of $0.45 per share, (ii) a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 6,666,666 shares of Common Stock with a term of five years (the “Five-Year Warrant”) and (iii) a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,666,666 shares of Common Stock with a term of six months and only exercisable for cash (the “Six-Month Warrant”, together with the Five-Year Warrant, the “Warrants” and the shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, collectively, the “Warrant Shares”), for aggregate gross proceeds to us of $6.0 million. We did not engage a placement agent or investment banker to facilitate the Private Placement Financing. We intend to use the aggregate net proceeds of the Private Placement Financing primarily for working capital and general corporate purposes.

The Warrants have an exercise price of $0.45 per share, are exercisable immediately after their issuance and will have a term of exercise equal to the earlier of (i) five years or six months, for the Five-Year Warrant and Six-Month Warrant, respectively, after their issuance date or (ii) the consummation of an Acquisition Event (as defined in the Warrants). The Warrants are subject to an anti-dilution adjustment in the event that we issue shares of Common Stock without consideration or for consideration per share less than the exercise price in effect immediately prior to such issuance; provided however, that such adjustment does not apply to an Excluded Issuance (as such term is defined in the Warrants). Additionally, the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and the applicable exercise price therefor are subject to adjustment in the event of a stock dividend, stock split or combination as set forth in the Warrants.

We also entered into a registration rights agreement with the Investor (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which we will be obligated, upon request of the Investor and subject to certain conditions, to file with the SEC as soon as practicable, but in any event within 60 days after receiving such applicable request, a registration statement on Form S-1 (the “Resale Registration Statement”) to register the Purchase Shares and the Warrant Shares for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and other securities issued or issuable with respect to or in exchange for the Purchase Shares or Warrant Shares. We are obligated to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Resale Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC as promptly as reasonably practicable after the filing of the Resale Registration Statement, but no monetary penalty or liquidated damages will be imposed upon the Company if the Registration Statement is not declared effective by the SEC.

During the three months ended October 31, 2014, we issued a total of 9,958,032 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 4,004,259 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $7.49 million. The warrants have a five-year term, are exercisable immediately, and have an exercise price of $0.75 per share. A fair value of $3,746,000 was estimated for the warrants using the Black-Sholes valuation method using a volatility of 133.74%, an interest rate of 1.50% and a dividend yield of zero. We determined that the warrants issued in connection with the private placements were equity instruments and did not represent derivative instruments.

Additionally, in connection with the price adjustment terms in subscription agreements we previously entered into with investors in prior private placements, we issued an aggregate of 127,993 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 648,053 shares of common stock. The warrants have a five-year term, are exercisable immediately, and have exercise prices ranging from $0.01 to $0.75 per share. A fair value of $651,000 was estimated for the warrants using the Black-Sholes valuation method using a volatility of 133.74%, an interest rate of 1.50% and a dividend yield of zero. We determined that the warrants issued in connection with prior private placements were equity instruments and did not represent derivative instruments.

11. Share-Based Compensation

During the three months ended October 31, 2015, 18,750 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) vested based on performance conditions that were satisfied during the period. Of the 2,378,750 RSUs outstanding, we currently expect 2,237,500 to vest. As of October 31, 2015, there was $972,000 of unrecognized non-cash compensation cost related to RSUs we

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expect to vest, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.56 years. During the three months ended October 31, 2015, 812,500 RSUs were forfeited.

As of October 31, 2015, there was $67,000 of unrecognized non-cash compensation cost related to unvested stock options, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.13 years. No options were granted during the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014.

For the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, share-based compensation expense for outstanding RSUs and stock options was $672,000 and $503,000 respectively.

12. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

No recent accounting pronouncements or other authoritative guidance have been issued that management considers likely to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

13. Subsequent Events

On November 23, 2015, we completed the second and final closing of a private placement financing (the “Private Placement Financing”). We raised $2.0 million in this final closing of (i) an aggregate of 4,444,439 shares (collectively, the “Purchase Shares”) of our common stock (the “Common Stock”) at a purchase price of $0.45 per share, (ii) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,222,217 shares of Common Stock with a term of five years (the “Five-Year Warrants”) and (iii) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,820,670 shares of Common Stock with a term of six months and only exercisable for cash (the “Six-Month Warrants”, together with the Five-Year Warrants, the “Warrants” and the shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, collectively, the “Warrant Shares”). The securities issued in the Private Placement Financing were issued pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) entered into with certain investors (the “Investors”). We completed the initial closing of the Private Placement Financing on October 23, 2015 for aggregate gross proceeds of $6.0 million and the aggregate gross proceeds in the initial and final closings of the Private Placement Financing are $8.0 million. We did not engage a placement agent or investment banker to facilitate the Private Placement Financing. We intend to use the aggregate net proceeds of the Private Placement Financing primarily for working capital and general corporate purposes.

We offered the securities in the Private Placement Financing to the Company’s existing investors who previously purchased securities in our private placement financings in August and September of 2014 (the “Prior Financings”). The final closing in the Private Placement Financing was provided for and contemplated by the Securities Purchase Agreement entered into in connection with the initial closing. Tom Lee, a member of our board of directors and a participant in the Prior Financings, together with certain of his affiliates, invested approximately $472,000 in the final closing of the Private Placement Financing on the same terms offered to the other Investors.

The Warrants have an exercise price of $0.45 per share, are exercisable immediately after their issuance and will have a term of exercise equal to the earlier of (i) five years or six months, for the Five-Year Warrants and Six-Month Warrants, respectively, after their issuance date or (ii) the consummation of an Acquisition Event (as defined in the Warrants). The Warrants are subject to a broad-based anti-dilution adjustment in the event the Company issues shares of Common Stock without consideration or for consideration per share less than the exercise price in effect immediately prior to such issuance; provided however, that such adjustment does not apply to an Excluded Issuance (as such term is defined in the Warrants). Additionally, the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and the applicable exercise price therefor are subject to adjustment in the event of a stock dividend, stock split or combination as set forth in the Warrants.

We also entered into a registration rights agreement with the Investors (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which we will be obligated, upon request of Investors holding 75% of the Issuable Shares (as defined therein) and subject to certain conditions, to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) as soon as practicable, but in any event within 60 days after receiving such applicable request, a registration statement on Form S-1 (the “Resale Registration Statement”) to register the Purchase Shares and the Warrant Shares for resale under the

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Securities Act and other securities issued or issuable with respect to or in exchange for the Purchase Shares or Warrant Shares. We are obligated to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Resale Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC as promptly as reasonably practicable after the filing of the Resale Registration Statement, but no monetary penalty or liquidated damages will be imposed upon the Company if the Registration Statement is not declared effective by the SEC.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

All references in this Item 2 and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report to “PURE,” “we”, “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to Pure Bioscience, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and our wholly owned subsidiary, ETIH2O Corporation, a Nevada corporation. ETIH2O Corporation currently has no business operations and no material assets or liabilities and there have been no significant transactions related to ETIH2O Corporation during the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

The discussion in this section contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “should,” “would” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, but their absence does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which could cause our actual results to differ from those projected in any forward-looking statements we make. Several risks and uncertainties we face are discussed in more detail under “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report or in the discussion and analysis below. You should, however, understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all risks and uncertainties and you should not consider the risks and uncertainties identified by us to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties that could materially affect us. You should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements we make herein because some or all of them may turn out to be wrong. We undertake no obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events and developments, except as required by law. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes to those financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

Company Overview

We are focused on developing and commercializing proprietary antimicrobial products that provide safe and cost-effective solutions to the health and environmental challenges of pathogen and hygienic control. Our technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and our initial products contain silver dihydrogen citrate, or SDC. SDC is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent, which offers 24-hour residual protection and formulates well with other compounds. As a platform technology, we believe SDC is distinguished from existing products in the marketplace because of its superior efficacy, reduced toxicity and the inability of bacteria to form a resistance to it.

Our SDC-based technology platform has potential application in a number of industries. Our near-term focus is on offering products that address food safety risks across the food industry supply chain. In 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that foodborne illnesses affect more than 48 million people annually in the U.S., causing 128,000 hospitalizations and 3,000 fatalities. The CDC estimated that more than 9 million of these foodborne illnesses were attributed to major pathogens. The CDC reported that contaminated produce was responsible for approximately 46% of the foodborne illnesses caused by pathogens and 23% of the foodborne illness-related deaths in the US between 1998 and 2008. Among the top pathogens contributing to foodborne illness in the U.S. are Norovirus, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli and Listeria. Salmonella is the leading cause of hospitalization, followed by Norovirus, and is the leading cause of deaths related to foodborne illness.

Based on these statistics, we believe there is a significant market opportunity for our safe, non-toxic and effective SDC-based solutions. We currently offer PURE® Hard Surface as a food contact surface sanitizer and disinfectant to restaurant chains and food processors. One of our customers is SUBWAY® Restaurants, which has approved PURE Hard Surface for use system-wide (27,000 U.S. stores). We also intend to offer PURE Control® as a direct food contact processing aid upon our receipt of the required approvals from the FDA and USDA. We anticipate receiving the required approvals to market PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid for raw poultry and fresh produce during the first calendar quarter of 2016. We are currently testing and continuing development of PURE Control to allow us to seek regulatory approval to utilize PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid for raw meats, including beef and pork. In addition to our direct sales efforts with PURE Hard Surface and PURE Control, we market and sell our SDC-based products indirectly through third-party distributors.

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Business Strategy

Our goal is to become a sustainable company by commercializing the SDC-based products we have developed with our proprietary technology platform. We are focused on delivering leading antimicrobial products that address food safety risks across the food industry supply chain. Key aspects of our business strategy include:

Expanding sales and distribution for our products into the food industry with a focus on a dual track of food safety market opportunities:

Hard Surface Disinfectant - commercializing the current EPA registered PURE Hard Surface disinfectant and sanitizer for use in foodservice operations and food manufacturing.

Direct Food Contact - commercialize, subject to both FDA and USDA approval, the use of SDC as a food processing and intervention aid for food processors treating poultry, produce, beef and pork.

Establishing strategic alliances to maximize the commercial potential of our technology platform;

Developing additional proprietary products and applications; and

Protecting and enhancing our intellectual property.

In addition to our current products addressing food safety, we intend to leverage our technology platform through licensing and distribution collaborations in order to develop new products and enter into new markets that could potentially generate multiple sources of revenue.

Our Products

Our near-term focus is on delivering leading antimicrobial products that address food safety risks across the food industry supply chain. We currently offer PURE Hard Surface as a food contact surface sanitizer and disinfectant to restaurant chains and food processors. One of our customers is SUBWAY® Restaurants, which has approved PURE Hard Surface for use system-wide (27,000 U.S. stores). We also intend to offer PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid upon our final receipt of approval from the FDA and USDA. In addition to PURE Hard Surface and PURE Control, we manufacture and sell (i) SDC-based products for end use, (ii) products preserved with SDC and (iii) SDC as a raw material ingredient for manufacturing use.

PURE® Hard Surface Disinfectant and Sanitizer (Ready to Use)

PURE Hard Surface is our SDC-based, patented and EPA-registered, ready-to-use hard surface disinfectant and food contact surface sanitizer. PURE Hard Surface combines high efficacy and low toxicity with bacterial and viral kill times as few as 30-seconds and 24-hour residual protection. The product completely kills resistant pathogens such as MRSA and Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (NDM-1), and effectively eliminates dangerous fungi and viruses including HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Norovirus, Influenza A, Avian Influenza and H1N1. It also eradicates hazardous food pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter and Listeria. PURE Hard Surface delivers broad-spectrum efficacy yet remains classified as least-toxic by the EPA. The active ingredient, SDC, has been designated as “Generally Recognized as Safe”, or GRAS, for use on food processing equipment, machinery and utensils.

PURE Control®

We are currently in the process of developing and obtaining regulatory approval to offer PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid for poultry, produce, beef and pork.

Poultry Processing Aid. During July 2014, we submitted a Food Contact Notification (FCN) to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for Salmonella reduction in processing of raw poultry. In November 2014, we withdrew, without prejudice, our FCN for raw poultry due to receipt of a Deficiency Letter from the FDA stating that the agency has developed new data that is currently under review. We resubmitted our poultry FCN in June 2015 and in September 2015, we received an Acknowledgement Letter from the FDA stating that our FCN for SDC as a raw poultry processing aid is complete and setting an effective date of December 2015.

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Receipt of the FDA’s Acknowledgement Letter enabled us to initiate the next step in the regulatory approval process: obtaining USDA approval. As part of that process, we are preparing to conduct in-plant trials with the authorization of the USDA. We anticipate receiving the required approvals to market PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid for raw poultry as early as the first calendar quarter of 2016.

Testing data submitted in support of our FCN showed that, in testing conducted by Dr. James Marsden at Kansas State University, SDC achieved an average reduction in Salmonella of 2.75 log₁₀ CFU/cm2 when applied as an OLR spray and 6.28 log₁₀ CFU/cm2 when combined with an immersion chilling process simulating current U.S. industry practices. We believe that testing by Dr. Marsden provides support to the following benefits of SDC for poultry processing:

The use of SDC antimicrobial solution in poultry processing has the potential to enable plants to achieve non-detectable Salmonella levels post-chill process.

A sensory evaluation of SDC showed no difference in color, appearance or odor in treated poultry.

SDC offers a highly effective alternative to hazardous and difficult to blend chemicals currently used as treatments in raw poultry processing.

SDC is a significant improvement over current processing practices. The product is:

Easier to handle and dilute;

Non-corrosive to processing equipment;

Does not create noxious fumes; and

Poultry processors will also benefit from the highly stable solution, ease of use and improved worker safety.

Produce Processing Aid. In October 2014, we submitted a FCN to the FDA for SDC as a produce processing aid. Because we determined that the FDA was unlikely to approve any new uses of silver in food processing, we withdrew, without prejudice, our produce FCN in January 2015. Following the completion of additional testing demonstrating further reduction of silver residues to levels approaching non-detectable, and subsequent encouraging discussions held with the FDA, we resubmitted our produce FCN in September 2015. In November 2015, we received an Acknowledgement Letter from the US Food and Drug Administration stating that our Food Contact Notification for SDC as a spray or dip on processed fruits and vegetables is complete and setting an effective date of January 2016. We are not required to obtain any approvals from the USDA to use PURE Control as a produce processing aid.

Testing data submitted in support of our FCN for produce showed that, in testing conducted by Dr. James Marsden at Kansas State University, SDC achieved average reductions up to 2.36 log₁₀CFU/cm2 when applied alone as a spray and up to 3.10 log₁₀ CFU/cm2 when combined with chlorine wash, simulating current processing practices. Sensory evaluations of produce treated with SDC indicated no difference in color, appearance or odor to untreated controls; and SDC had no effect on the nutritional composition of the produce.

Currently, produce processors target achieving only a 1 log₁₀ CFU/cm2 reduction per intervention treatment. Data suggests that by incorporating SDC, processors can improve their results 100-fold with only one step. This represents a significant advantage to produce processors as well as improvement to the safety of processed produce going to the consumer.

Other Processing Aids under Development. We are developing the use of SDC as an intervention in the processing of beef and pork. Subject to successful pilot testing results and development, we intend to submit for both FDA and USDA approval during 2016. In addition, we may identify other food processing opportunities for SDC.

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Additional SDC-Based Products

In addition to PURE Hard Surface and PURE Control, we manufacture and sell (i) SDC-based products for end use, (ii) products preserved with SDC and (iii) SDC as a raw material ingredient for manufacturing use. These products include:


Product Name	Product Use	EPA Registration
PURE Complete Solution:
PURE® Multi-Purpose and Floor Cleaner Concentrate	Cleaner	Not applicable
PURE® Multi-Purpose Hi-Foam Cleaner Concentrate	Cleaner	Not applicable
Axen® 30	Disinfectant	Axen30
Axenohl®	Raw material ingredient	Axenohl
SILVÉRION®	Raw material ingredient	Not applicable

PURE Complete Solution

Our PURE Complete Solution is comprised of PURE Hard Surface and concentrated cleaning products that were launched as companion products to PURE Hard Surface. The PURE Complete Solution offers a comprehensive, cost-effective and user-friendly cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing product line to end-users including our targeted foodservice, food manufacturing and food processing customers. We can also target this product line to hospital and medical care facilities; janitorial service providers and the distributors that supply them.

PURE® Multi-Purpose and Floor Cleaner Concentrate (End-User Dilutable)

PURE Multi-Purpose and Floor Cleaner, is an environmentally responsible cleaning product that is protected by SDC. SDC ensures the quality and safety of PURE Multi-Purpose and Floor Cleaner without human or environmental exposure to toxic chemical preservatives. PURE Multi-Purpose and Floor Cleaner is non-toxic and non-flammable and contains no EDTA, phosphates, ammonia or bleach as well as no VOCs or NPEs. This efficient cleaner provides professional strength cleaning in a concentrate formula that yields a 1:96 – 1:256 use dilution that is safe for use on all resilient surfaces, including floors, glass and food contact surfaces.

PURE® Multi-Purpose Hi-Foam Cleaner Concentrate (End-User Dilutable)

PURE Multi-Purpose Hi-Foam Cleaner is an environmentally responsible, professional strength high foam forming cleaning product that is protected by SDC. SDC ensures the quality and safety of PURE Multi-Purpose Hi-Foam Cleaner without human or environmental exposure to toxic chemical preservatives. PURE Multi-Purpose Hi-Foam Cleaner is non-toxic and non-flammable and contains no EDTA, phosphates, ammonia or bleach as well as no VOCs or NPEs. PURE Multi-Purpose Hi-Foam Cleaner provides high foam cleaning in a concentrate formula that yields a 1:50 use dilution that is safe for use on stainless steel equipment, resilient floors, walls and painted surfaces.

Axen® 30 (Ready-to-Use)

Axen30 is our patented and EPA-registered hard surface disinfectant and is a predecessor ready-to-use product to PURE Hard Surface. Axen30 is currently sold on a limited basis by distributors under their respective private labels.

Axenohl® (Raw Material Ingredient)

Axenohl is our patented and EPA-registered SDC-based antimicrobial formulation for use as a raw material ingredient in the manufacturing of EPA-registered products. Axenohl is a colorless, odorless and stable solution that provides fast acting efficacy against bacteria, viruses and fungi when manufactured into consumer and commercial disinfecting and sanitizing products.

SILVÉRION® (Raw Material Ingredient)

SILVÉRION is our patented SDC-based antimicrobial formulation for use as a raw material ingredient in the manufacturing of personal care products. It can be used as either an active ingredient or a preservative. SILVÉRION is a colorless, odorless and stable solution that provides ionic silver in a water-soluble form. It provides fast acting efficacy at low concentrations against a broad-spectrum of bacteria, viruses, yeast and molds. SILVÉRION is currently sold domestically and outside of the United States in various personal care products.

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Financial Overview

This financial overview provides a general description of our revenue and expenses.

Revenue

We contract manufacture and sell SDC-based products for end use, and as a raw material for manufacturing use. We also license our products and technology to development and commercialization partners. Revenue is recognized when realized or realizable and earned. Any amounts received prior to satisfying revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold for product sales includes direct and indirect costs to manufacture products, including materials consumed, manufacturing overhead, shipping costs, salaries, benefits, reserved inventory, and related expenses of operations. Depreciation related to manufacturing is systematically allocated to inventory produced, and expensed through cost of goods sold at the time inventory is sold.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries and other related costs for personnel in business development, sales, finance, accounting, information technology, and executive functions. Other selling, general and administrative costs include product marketing, advertising, and trade show costs, as well as public relations and investor relations, facility costs, and legal, accounting and other professional fees.

Research and Development

Our research and development activities are focused on leveraging our technology platform to develop additional proprietary products and applications. Research and development expense consists primarily of personnel and related costs, product registration expenses, and third-party testing. We expense research and developments costs as incurred.

Other Income (Expense)

We record interest income, interest expense, change in derivative liabilities, as well as other non-operating transactions, as other income (expense) in our consolidated statements of operations.

Results of Operations

Fluctuations in Operating Results

Our results of operations have fluctuated significantly from period to period in the past and are likely to continue to do so in the future. We anticipate that our results of operations will be affected for the foreseeable future by several factors that may contribute to these periodic fluctuations, including the demand for our products, the timing and amount of our product sales, and the progress and timing of expenditures related to sales and marketing, as well as product development. Due to these fluctuations, we believe that the period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not a reliable indication of our future performance.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended October 31, 2015 and 2014

Net Product Sales

Net product sales were $186,000 and $117,000 for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase of $69,000 was primarily attributable to new customer sales in the food safety industry, as well as sales fluctuations within our existing legacy customer base.

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For the three months ended October 31, 2015, three individual customers accounted for 41%, 14%, and 12%, and of our net product sales, respectively. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales. The geographic breakdown of net product sales was as follows: 100% U.S.

For the three months ended October 31, 2014, three individual customers each accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales. One customer accounted for 22%, another for 20%, and the other for 16%. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales. The geographic breakdown of net product sales was as follows: 84% U.S. and 16% foreign, with foreign sales occurring in the United Kingdom.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold was $54,000 and $45,000 for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase of $9,000 was attributable to increased net product sales.

Gross margin as a percentage of net product sales, or gross margin percentage, was 71% and 62% for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase in gross margin percentage was primarily attributable to the sale of higher margin formulations and packaging configurations of our products during the quarter ended October 31, 2015 as compared with the prior quarter.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expense was $1,086,000 and $1,192,000 for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The decrease of $106,000 was primarily attributable to decreased personnel and professional service costs offset by increased marketing costs.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expense was $236,000 and $176,000 for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase of $60,000 was primarily attributable to third-party testing and research.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-based compensation expense was $672,000 and $503,000 for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase of $169,000 is primarily due to the vesting of restricted stock units granted to employees supporting our selling, general and administrative, and research and development functions during the prior fiscal year.

Other Share-Based Expenses

Other share-based expense was zero and $131,000 for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The decrease is due to $131,000 of expense incurred from the amendment of the subscription agreements for investors who participated in prior private placements.

Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities in Excess of Proceeds.

The fair value of derivative liabilities in excess of proceeds was $1,008,000 and zero for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively (See Notes 8 and 9).

Change in Derivative Liability

Change in derivative liability for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014 was a decrease of $43,000 and increase of $1,000, respectively. The decrease is primarily due to updates to the assumptions used in the fair value pricing model (See Notes 8 and 9).

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Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014 was $2,000.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income for the three months ended October 31, 2015 was $9,000, compared to other expense of $1,000 for the three months ended October 31, 2014. The increase is primarily due to the sale of reserved inventory that occurred during the three months ended October 31, 2015.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private offerings of securities, debt financing, and revenue from product sales and license agreements. We have a history of recurring losses, and as of October 31, 2015 we have incurred a cumulative net loss of $91,668,000.

During the three months ended October 31, 2015, we issued a total of 13,333,333 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 15,333,332 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $6.0 million in a private placement financing in reliance on the exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder and in reliance on similar exemptions under applicable state laws.

As of October 31, 2015, we had $6,055,000 in cash and cash equivalents compared with $1,321,000 in cash and cash equivalents as of July 31, 2015. The net increase in cash and cash equivalents was primarily attributable to proceeds from our issuance of common stock in the private placement noted above. Additionally, as of October 31, 2015, we had $7,584,000 of current liabilities, including $384,000 in accounts payable, compared with $869,000 of current liabilities, including $560,000 in accounts payable as of July 31, 2015. The net increase in current liabilities was primarily due to the derivative liability incurred from the issuance of warrants associated with the $6.0 million financing discussed above.

On November 23, 2015, we raised $2 million in private placement financing of common stock. See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements. Therefore, as of December 10, 2015, we believe that our current cash resources are sufficient to meet our anticipated needs during the next twelve months.

In addition, from time to time we have entered into employment agreements with our executives that, under certain cases, provide for the continuation of salary and certain other benefits if these executives are terminated under specified circumstances. These agreements generally expire upon termination for cause or when we have met our obligations under these agreements. As of October 31, 2015, no events have occurred resulting in the obligation of any such payments.

We expect that we will need to increase our liquidity and capital resources by one or more measures. These measures may include, but are not limited to, the following: reducing operating expenses; obtaining financing through the issuance of equity, debt, or convertible securities; entering into partnerships, licenses, or other arrangements with third parties; and reducing the exercise price of outstanding warrants. Any one of these measures could substantially reduce the value to us of our technology and its commercial potential as it may be necessary to enter into arrangements with less favorable terms than otherwise possible. Additionally, a reduction in operating expenses will require a reduction in the sales, marketing, and other commercialization activities required to bring our products to market. If we issue equity, debt or convertible securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity, debt or convertible securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. There is no guarantee that we would be able to obtain capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

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If we are unable to obtain sufficient capital, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. It could cause us to fail to execute our business plan, fail to take advantage of future opportunities, or fail to respond to competitive pressures or customer requirements. It also may require us to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of our research and development programs, to license to third parties the right to commercialize products or technologies that we would otherwise commercialize ourselves, or to reduce or cease operations altogether. If adequate funds are not available when needed, we may be required to significantly modify our business model and operations to reduce spending to a sustainable level.

We believe our current efforts to raise capital, our current efforts to market and sell our products, and our ability to significantly reduce expenses, will provide sufficient cash resources to satisfy our needs over the next 12 months. However, we do not yet have, and we may never have, significant cash inflows from product sales or from other sources of revenue to offset our ongoing and planned investments in corporate infrastructure, research and development projects, regulatory submissions, business development initiatives, and sales and marketing activities, among other investments. Some or all of our ongoing or planned investments may not be successful and could result in further losses. In addition, irrespective of our cash resources, we may be contractually or legally obligated to make certain investments which cannot be postponed.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

In addition, the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report have been prepared and presented on a basis assuming we will continue as a going concern. Until we can generate significant cash from operations, we expect to continue to fund our operations with the proceeds of offerings of our equity and debt securities. However, we cannot assure you that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. Further, any contracts or license arrangements we enter into to raise funds may require us to relinquish our rights to our products or technology, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into any such contracts or license arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all. Having insufficient funds may require us to delay or scale back our marketing, distribution and other commercialization activities or cease our operations altogether. Our financial statements do not include any adjustment relating to recoverability or classification of recorded assets and classification of recorded liabilities.

We believe the following accounting policies and estimates are critical to aid you in understanding and evaluating our reported financial results.

Revenue Recognition

We sell our products to distributors and end users. We record revenue when we sell products to our customers, rather than when our customers resell products to third parties. When we sell products to our customers, we reduce the balance of our inventory with a corresponding charge to cost of goods sold. We do not currently have any consignment sales.

Terms of our product sales are generally FOB shipping point. Product sales are recognized when delivery of the products has occurred (which is generally at the time of shipment), title has passed to the customer, the selling price is fixed or determinable, collectability is reasonably assured and we have no further obligations. Any amounts received prior to satisfying these revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue. We record product sales net of discounts at the time of sale and report product sales net of such discounts.

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We also license our products and technology to development and commercialization partners. License fee revenue consists of product and technology license fees earned. If multiple-element arrangements require on-going services or performance, then upfront product and technology license fees under such arrangements are deferred and recognized over the period of such services or performance. Non-refundable amounts received for substantive milestones are recognized upon achievement of the milestone. Any amounts received prior to satisfying these revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue.

Share-Based Compensation

We grant equity-based awards under share-based compensation plans or stand-alone contracts. We estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. This fair value is then amortized over the requisite service periods of the awards. The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. Share-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, and therefore is reduced by expected forfeitures. Changes in assumptions used under the Black-Scholes option valuation model could materially affect our net loss and net loss per share.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

For purposes of testing impairment, we group our long-lived assets at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows independent of other asset groups. Currently, there is only one level of aggregation for our intangible assets. We assess the impairment of long-lived assets, consisting of property, plant, and equipment and our patent portfolio, whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Examples of such events or circumstances include:

an asset group’s ability to continue to generate income from operations and positive cash flow in future periods;

loss of legal ownership or title to the asset(s);

significant changes in our strategic business objectives and utilization of the asset(s); and

the impact of significant negative industry or economic trends.

Additionally, on a quarterly basis we review the significant assumptions underlying our impairment assessment to determine whether our previous conclusions remain valid.

Recoverability of assets to be held and used in operations is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future net cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. The factors used to evaluate the future net cash flows, while reasonable, require a high degree of judgment and the results could vary if the actual results are materially different than the forecasts. In addition, we base useful lives and amortization or depreciation expense on our subjective estimate of the period that the assets will generate revenue or otherwise be used by us. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less selling costs.

We also periodically review the lives assigned to our intangible assets to ensure that our initial estimates do not exceed any revised estimated periods from which we expect to realize cash flows from the assets. If a change were to occur in

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any of the above-mentioned factors or estimates, the likelihood of a material change in our reported results would increase.

Derivative Financial Instruments

We do not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow or market or foreign currency risks.

We review the terms of the common stock, warrants and convertible debt we issue to determine whether there are derivative instruments, including embedded conversion options that are required to be bifurcated and accounted for separately as derivative financial instruments. In circumstances where the host instrument contains more than one embedded derivative instrument, including a conversion option, that is required to be bifurcated, the bifurcated derivative instruments are accounted for as a single, compound derivative instrument.

Derivatives are initially recorded at fair value and are then revalued at each reporting date with changes in the fair value reported as non-operating income or expense. When the equity or convertible debt instruments contain embedded derivative instruments that are to be bifurcated and accounted for as liabilities, the total proceeds received are first allocated to the fair value of all the bifurcated derivative instruments. The remaining proceeds, if any, are then allocated to the host instruments themselves, usually resulting in those instruments being recorded at a discount from their face value.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off balance sheet arrangements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

As a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, and as provided in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this Item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on the foregoing evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

In connection with the evaluation required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(d), our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer, concluded that there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the three months ended October 31, 2015 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II – Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. The impact and outcome of litigation, if any, is subject to inherent uncertainties, and any adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that could harm our business. We are not currently aware of any such legal proceedings or claims to which we or our wholly owned subsidiary is a party or of which any of our property is subject that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In evaluating us and our common stock, we urge you to carefully consider the risks and other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. to Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2015, which we filed with the SEC on October 28, 2015 (the “Form 10-K”). The risks and uncertainties described in “Item 1A — Risk Factors” of our Form 10-K have not materially changed, other than the risk factors disclosed below. Any of the risks discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or any of the risks disclosed in Item 1A. to Part I of our Form 10-K, as well as additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition or prospects.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Our future capital needs are uncertain, and we currently expect that we will need additional funds in the future which may not be available on acceptable terms or at all.

Our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, among other factors:

the acceptance of, and demand for, our products;

the success of our strategic partners in developing and selling products derived from our technology;

the costs of further developing our existing, and developing new, products or technologies;

the extent to which we invest in new technology, testing and product development;

the timing of vendor payments and of the collection of receivables, among other factors affecting our working capital;

the exercise of outstanding options or warrants to acquire our common stock;

the number and timing of acquisitions and other strategic transactions, if any; and

the costs associated with the continued operation, and any future growth, of our business.

On November 23, 2015, we raised $2 million in a private placement financing of common stock and warrants to purchase common stock. See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements. Therefore, as of December 10, 2015, we believe that our current cash resources are sufficient to meet our anticipated needs during the next twelve months, however, we do not yet have, and we may never have, significant cash inflows from product sales or from other sources of revenue to offset our ongoing and planned investments in corporate infrastructure, research and development projects, regulatory submissions, business development activities, and sales and marketing, among other investments. Some or all of our ongoing or planned investments may not be successful. In addition, irrespective of our cash resources, we may be contractually or legally obligated to make certain investments, which cannot be postponed.

We expect that we will need to increase our liquidity and capital resources by one or more measures, which may include reducing operating expenses, raising additional financing in future periods through the issuance of debt, equity, or

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convertible securities, entering into partnerships, licenses, or other arrangements with third parties, reducing the exercise price of outstanding warrants, or through other means, any one of which could reduce the value to us, perhaps substantially, of our technology and its commercial potential. There is no guarantee that we would be able to obtain capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Insufficient funds would result in a material adverse effect on our business and operations and could cause us to fail to execute our business plan, fail to take advantage of future opportunities, or fail to respond to competitive pressures or customer requirements, and further may require us to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of our research and product development programs, license to third parties the right to commercialize products or technologies that we would otherwise commercialize ourselves, or to reduce or cease operations. If adequate funds are not available when needed, we may be required to significantly modify our business model and operations to reduce spending to a sustainable level. Such modification of our business model and operations could also result in an impairment of assets which cannot be determined at this time. Furthermore, if we issue equity or convertible debt securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and in addition the new equity or debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. If we incur additional debt, it may increase our leverage relative to our earnings or to our equity capitalization.

As of December 10, 2015, we have 87,877,037 shares of common stock issued and outstanding or reserved for issuance. Shares reserved for issuance include shares under equity compensation plans, vested and unvested options, warrants, and unvested restricted stock units. Our current authorized capital stock is limited to 100,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Any increase in our authorized capital stock would require the approval of a majority of our stockholders as well as the approval of our Board of Directors. If we were unable to increase our authorized capital stock for any reason, our ability to raise additional capital through the issuance of equity or convertible debt would be severely compromised and we may be unable to obtain equity or convertible debt capital at all.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Potential sales or issuances of our common stock to raise capital, or the perception that such sales could occur, could cause dilution to our current stockholders and the price of our common stock to fall.

We have historically supported our operations through the issuance of equity and expect to continue to do so in the future. For example, on November 23, 2015, we completed a final closing of a private placement financing of 4,444,439 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 5,042,887 shares of common stock for aggregate gross proceeds of $2,000,000 for aggregate gross proceeds in the initial and final closings of $8,000,000. Although we may not be successful in obtaining financing through equity sales on terms that are favorable to us in the future, if at all, any such sales that do occur could result in substantial dilution to the interests of existing holders of our common stock. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock or other equity securities to any new investors, or the anticipation of such sales, could cause the trading price of our common stock to fall.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

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Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits

The following Exhibits are filed as part of this report pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K:

3.1		Certificate of Incorporation of PURE Bioscience, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on October 29, 2012)

3.1.1		Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of PURE Bioscience, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1.1 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on October 29, 2012)

3.2		Bylaws of PURE Bioscience, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on October 29, 2012)

3.2.1		Amendment to the Bylaws of PURE Bioscience, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on October 29, 2012)

4.1		Form of Investor Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on September 2, 2009)

4.2		Wharton Capital Markets LLC Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 16, 2012)

4.3		Form of Underwriter’s Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on September 13, 2012)

4.4		Morrison & Foerster LLP Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on January 31, 2013)

4.5		Form of Investor Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC April 23, 2013)

4.6		Form of Investor Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC August 27, 2014)

4.7		Form of Five-Year Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on October 28, 2015)

4.8		Form of Six-Month Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on October 28, 2015)

10.1		Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2015, filed with the SEC on October 28, 2015)

10.2		Form of Registration Rights Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2015, filed with the SEC on October 28, 2015)

31.1 *		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2 *		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1 *		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2 *		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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101 *

The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended October 31, 2015, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at October 31, 2015 and July 31, 2015; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014; and (iv) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

*Filed herewith.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		PURE BIOSCIENCE, INC.

Date: December 10, 2015	By:	/s/ HENRY R. LAMBERT
		Henry R. Lambert, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: December 10, 2015	By:	/s/ MARK S. ELLIOTT
		Mark S. Elliott, Vice President, Finance
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-31.1 2 pure-20151031ex3114c9728.htm EX-31.1 pure_Ex_31-1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Henry R. Lambert, Chief Executive Officer of PURE Bioscience, Inc., certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of PURE Bioscience, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: December 10, 2015	By:	/s/ HENRY R. LAMBERT
		Henry R. Lambert
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2 3 pure-20151031ex312669ddd.htm EX-31.2 pure_Ex_31-2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Mark S. Elliott, Vice President, Finance and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer of PURE Bioscience, Inc., certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of PURE Bioscience, Inc.;

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: December 10, 2015	By:	/s/ MARK S. ELLIOTT
		Mark S. Elliott
		Vice President, Finance
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1 4 pure-20151031ex32159e527.htm EX-32.1 pure_Ex_32-1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Pure Bioscience, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

(i)

the accompanying report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the period ended October 31, 2015, to which this Certificate is attached (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and

(ii)

the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: December 10, 2015

By:

/s/ Henry R. Lambert

Henry R. Lambert

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Pure Bioscience, Inc. and will be retained by Pure Bioscience, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

This certification has not been, and shall not be deemed, “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Pure Bioscience, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

EX-32.2 5 pure-20151031ex322bfd652.htm EX-32.2 pure_Ex_32-2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(i)

(ii)

the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: December 10, 2015

By:

/s/ Mark S. Elliott

Mark S. Elliott

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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The outcome of these and other forward-looking factors will substantially affect our liquidity and capital resources. We expect that we will need to increase our liquidity and capital resources by one or more measures. These measures may include, but are not limited to, the following: reducing operating expenses; obtaining financing through the issuance of equity, debt, or convertible securities; entering into partnerships, licenses, or other arrangements with third parties; and reducing the exercise price of outstanding warrants. Any one of these measures could substantially reduce the value to us of our technology and its commercial potential. If we issue equity, debt or convertible securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity, debt or convertible securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. There is no guarantee that we would be able to obtain capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all.     If we are unable to obtain sufficient capital, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. It could cause us to fail to execute our business plan, fail to take advantage of future opportunities, or fail to respond to competitive pressures or customer requirements. It also may require us to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of our research and development programs, to license to third parties the right to commercialize products or technologies that we would otherwise commercialize ourselves, or to reduce or cease operations. If adequate funds are not available when needed, we may be required to significantly modify our business model and operations to reduce spending to a sustainable level. 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<div> <div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"></div><div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"> 8.  Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the authoritative guidance establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: <div style="width:100%"><table style="width:100%;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:30pt;"></td><td valign="top" align="left" style="width: 18.00pt; display: inline;"> · </td><td style="width:0pt;"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</td></tr></table></div> <div style="width:100%"><table style="width:100%;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:30pt;"></td><td valign="top" align="left" style="width: 18.00pt; display: inline;"> · </td><td style="width:0pt;"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.</td></tr></table></div> <div style="width:100%"><table style="width:100%;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="width:30pt;"></td><td valign="top" align="left" style="width: 18.00pt; display: inline;"> · </td><td style="width:0pt;"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.</td></tr></table></div> In connection with the October 2015 Private Placement and a prior Bridge Loan, we issued warrants with derivative features. These instruments are accounted for as derivative liabilities (See Note 9). We used Level 3 inputs for the valuation methodology of the derivative liabilities. The estimated fair values were computed using a Monte Carlo option pricing model based on various assumptions. Our derivative liabilities are adjusted to reflect estimated fair value at each period end, with any decrease or increase in the estimated fair value being recorded in other income or expense accordingly, as adjustments to the fair value of the derivative liabilities. Various factors are considered in the pricing models we use to value the warrants, including the Company’s current stock price, the remaining life of the warrants, the volatility of the Company’s stock price, and the risk free interest rate. Future changes in these factors will have a significant impact on the computed fair value of the warrant liability. As such, we expect future changes in the fair value of the warrants to vary significantly from quarter to quarter. The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the derivative liabilities for the three months ended October 31, 2015:     <div style="width:100%;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse;width: 100.00%;margin-left:0pt;"> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;height:1.00pt;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;height:1.00pt;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;height:1.00pt;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;height:1.00pt;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;height:1.00pt;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">      </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">      </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">      </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="width:00.02%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;"> Warrant </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="width:00.02%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;"> Liability </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> Balance at July 31, 2015 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> $ </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;padding-right:3.3pt;text-align:right;" nowrap="nowrap"><div style="float:left"></div>4,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;"> Issuances </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;padding-right:3.3pt;text-align:right;" nowrap="nowrap"><div style="float:left"></div>7,008,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> Settlement of warrant liability </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">  — </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;"> Adjustments to estimated fair value </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;text-align:right;" nowrap="nowrap"><div style="float:left"></div>(43,000) </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> Balance at October 31, 2015 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:2pt double #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> $ </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:2pt double #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;padding-right:3.3pt;text-align:right;" nowrap="nowrap"><div style="float:left"></div>6,969,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> </table></div>   </div><div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"> </div><div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"></div> </div>

-43000

2000

-955000

-250000

-1000

-18000

12000

80000

18000

-96000

1192000

1152000

2000

<div> <div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"></div><div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"> 5.  Inventory Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and net of a valuation allowance for potential excess or obsolete material. Cost is determined using the average cost method. Depreciation related to manufacturing is systematically allocated to inventory produced, and expensed through cost of goods sold at the time inventory is sold. Inventories consist of the following:   <div style="width:100%;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse;width: 80.00%;margin-left:0pt;"> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:72.96%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.10%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:01.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:00.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:72.96%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">      </td> <td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="width:11.10%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;"> October 31,  </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">      </td> <td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="width:10.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;"> July 31, </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:00.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:72.96%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="width:11.10%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;"> 2015 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="width:10.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;"> 2015 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:00.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:72.96%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> Raw materials </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.10%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> $ </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> 124,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:01.28%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> $ </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> 96,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:00.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:72.96%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;"> Finished goods </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.10%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;"> 95,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:01.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;"> 111,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:00.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:72.96%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.10%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:2pt double #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> $ </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:2pt double #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> 219,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:01.28%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:2pt double #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> $ </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:2pt double #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> 207,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:00.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> </table></div>   </div><div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"> </div><div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"></div> </div>

111000

95000

207000

219000

96000

124000

878000

7592000

3261000

7827000

869000

7584000

7493000

6000000

-4000

-2244000

-1262000

-1934000

-2820000

-4000

-958000

2047000

2048000

-1930000

-1862000

-1000

9000

4000

0.01

5000000

187000

150000

7490000

2000000

6000000

8000000

2000000

472000

7493000

6000000

90000

83000

176000

236000

75000

59000

54000

-88848000

-91668000

117000

186000

<div> <div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"></div><div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"> The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the derivative liabilities for the three months ended October 31, 2015:     <div style="width:100%;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse;width: 100.00%;margin-left:0pt;"> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;height:1.00pt;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;height:1.00pt;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;height:1.00pt;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;height:1.00pt;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;height:1.00pt;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">      </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">      </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">      </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="width:00.02%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;"> Warrant </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="width:00.02%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;"> Liability </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> Balance at July 31, 2015 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> $ </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;padding-right:3.3pt;text-align:right;" nowrap="nowrap"><div style="float:left"></div>4,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;"> Issuances </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;padding-right:3.3pt;text-align:right;" nowrap="nowrap"><div style="float:left"></div>7,008,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> Settlement of warrant liability </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">  — </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;"> Adjustments to estimated fair value </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;text-align:right;" nowrap="nowrap"><div style="float:left"></div>(43,000) </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:83.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> Balance at October 31, 2015 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:2pt double #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> $ </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:2pt double #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;padding-right:3.3pt;text-align:right;" nowrap="nowrap"><div style="float:left"></div>6,969,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.06%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> </table></div>   </div><div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"> </div><div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"></div> </div>

<div> <div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"></div><div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"> <div style="width:100%;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse;width: 80.00%;margin-left:0pt;"> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:72.96%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.10%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:01.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:00.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:72.96%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">      </td> <td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="width:11.10%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;"> October 31,  </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">      </td> <td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="width:10.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;"> July 31, </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:00.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:72.96%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="width:11.10%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;"> 2015 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="width:10.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;"> 2015 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:00.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #auto;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:72.96%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> Raw materials </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.10%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> $ </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> 124,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:01.28%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> $ </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> 96,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:00.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:72.96%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;"> Finished goods </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.10%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;"> 95,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:01.28%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;"> 111,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:00.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom" style="width:72.96%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.10%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:2pt double #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> $ </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:2pt double #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> 219,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:02.58%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:01.28%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:2pt double #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> $ </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:09.00%;border-top:1pt solid #000000 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:2pt double #000000 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;"> 207,000 </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:00.52%;border-top:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-left:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-bottom:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;border-right:1pt none #D9D9D9 ;background-color: #CCEEFF;padding:0pt;">   </td> </tr> </table></div>   </div><div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"> </div><div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"></div> </div>

1192000

1086000

503000

672000

2378750

18750

0.45

0.75

0.45

132420

2383000

235000

<div> <div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"></div><div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"> 10.  Stockholders’ Equity Private Placements On October 23, 2015, we closed a Private Placement Financing with Franchise Brands, LLC (the “Investor”) pursuant to a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), providing for the issuance and sale by us to the Investor of (i) an aggregate of 13,333,333 shares (collectively, the “Purchase Shares”) of our common stock (the “Common Stock”) at a purchase price of $0.45 per share, (ii) a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 6,666,666 shares of Common Stock with a term of five years (the “Five-Year Warrant”) and (iii) a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,666,666 shares of Common Stock with a term of six months and only exercisable for cash (the “Six-Month Warrant”, together with the Five-Year Warrant, the “Warrants” and the shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, collectively, the “Warrant Shares”), for aggregate gross proceeds to us of $6.0 million.  We did not engage a placement agent or investment banker to facilitate the Private Placement Financing.  We intend to use the aggregate net proceeds of the Private Placement Financing primarily for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Warrants have an exercise price of $0.45 per share, are exercisable immediately after their issuance and will have a term of exercise equal to the earlier of (i) five years or six months, for the Five-Year Warrant and Six-Month Warrant, respectively, after their issuance date or (ii) the consummation of an Acquisition Event (as defined in the Warrants). The Warrants are subject to an anti-dilution adjustment in the event that we issue shares of Common Stock without consideration or for consideration per share less than the exercise price in effect immediately prior to such issuance; provided however, that such adjustment does not apply to an Excluded Issuance (as such term is defined in the Warrants).  Additionally, the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and the applicable exercise price therefor are subject to adjustment in the event of a stock dividend, stock split or combination as set forth in the Warrants.  We also entered into a registration rights agreement with the Investor (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which we will be obligated, upon request of the Investor and subject to certain conditions, to file with the SEC as soon as practicable, but in any event within 60 days after receiving such applicable request, a registration statement on Form S-1 (the “Resale Registration Statement”) to register the Purchase Shares and the Warrant Shares for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and other securities issued or issuable with respect to or in exchange for the Purchase Shares or Warrant Shares.  We are obligated to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Resale Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC as promptly as reasonably practicable after the filing of the Resale Registration Statement, but no monetary penalty or liquidated damages will be imposed upon the Company if the Registration Statement is not declared effective by the SEC.   During the three months ended October 31, 2014, we issued a total of 9,958,032 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 4,004,259 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $7.49 million. The warrants have a five-year term, are exercisable immediately, and have an exercise price of $0.75 per share. A fair value of $3,746,000 was estimated for the warrants using the Black-Sholes valuation method using a volatility of 133.74%, an interest rate of 1.50% and a dividend yield of zero. We determined that the warrants issued in connection with the private placements were equity instruments and did not represent derivative instruments.   Additionally, in connection with the price adjustment terms in subscription agreements we previously entered into with investors in prior private placements, we issued an aggregate of 127,993 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 648,053 shares of common stock. The warrants have a five-year term, are exercisable immediately, and have exercise prices ranging from $0.01 to $0.75 per share. A fair value of $651,000 was estimated for the warrants using the Black-Sholes valuation method using a volatility of 133.74%, an interest rate of 1.50% and a dividend yield of zero. We determined that the warrants issued in connection with prior private placements were equity instruments and did not represent derivative instruments. </div><div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"> </div><div style="margin-left:0%;margin-right:0%;"></div> </div>

812500

-1000

43000

651000

3746000

37029203

43019329

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Warrants Exercise Period Warrants exercise period Share Price Share price Investment Warrants, Exercise Price Warrants exercise price Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate Volatility Fair Value Assumptions, Risk Free Interest Rate Interest rate Shares, Issued Shares issued Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding Warrants outstanding Stockholders' Equity [Abstract] Subsidiary or Equity Method Investee, Sale of Stock by Subsidiary or Equity Investee [Table] Range [Axis] Range [Member] Range [Domain] Minimum [Member] Minimum [Member] Maximum [Member] Maximum [Member] Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items] Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity [Abstract] Warrants and Rights Outstanding Fair value of warrants Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Dividend Rate Dividend yield Schedule of Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award [Table] Award Type [Axis] Share Based Compensation Arrangements By Share Based Payment Award Award Type And Plan Name [Domain] Award Type [Domain] Restricted Stock Units R S U [Member] Restricted Stock Units "RSUs" [Member] Unvested Options [Member] Unvested Options [Member] Unvested Options [Member] Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period Shares vested Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number Shares outstanding The number of shares expected to vest other than stock options. Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Other Than Options, Expected to Vest Shares expected to vest Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized Unrecognized non-cash compensation costs Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Total Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition Unrecognized non-cash compensation costs, weighted average period Stock Issued During Period, Value, Restricted Stock Award, Forfeitures Stock forfeited value Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross Stock options granted Subsequent Event [Table] Tom Lee and Affiliates [Member] Tom Lee And Affiliates [Member] Tom Lee and Affiliates [Member] Subsequent Event [Line Items] Investors holding percentage of issuable shares. 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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2015

Oct. 31, 2014

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets [Abstract]

Impairment of long-lived assets $ 0 $ 0

X

- Definition
The aggregate amount of write-downs for impairments recognized during the period for long lived assets held for use (including those held for disposal by means other than sale).
+ References
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-SubTopic 225
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-Paragraph 11
-Subparagraph (a)
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Balance Type: debit

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Comprehensive Loss
3 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2015

Comprehensive Loss [Abstract]

Comprehensive Loss

4. Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. For the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, our comprehensive loss consisted only of net loss.

X

- Definition
The entire disclosure for comprehensive income, which includes, but is not limited to, 1) the amount of income tax expense or benefit allocated to each component of other comprehensive income, including reclassification adjustments, 2) the reclassification adjustments for each classification of other comprehensive income and 3) the ending accumulated balances for each component of comprehensive income.
+ References
Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
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Share-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2015

Oct. 31, 2014

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock options granted 0 0

Share-based compensation $ 672,000 $ 503,000

Restricted Stock Units "RSUs" [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Shares vested 18,750

Shares outstanding 2,378,750

Shares expected to vest 2,237,500

Unrecognized non-cash compensation costs $ 972,000

Unrecognized non-cash compensation costs, weighted average period 6 months 22 days

Stock forfeited value $ 812,500

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Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Unrecognized non-cash compensation costs $ 67,000

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3 Months Ended

Oct. 23, 2015

Oct. 31, 2015

Oct. 31, 2014

Nov. 23, 2015

Jul. 31, 2015

Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity [Abstract]

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Price Adjustment Terms in Subscription Agreements in Prior Private Placements [Member]

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Interest rate 1.50%

Six Month Warrants [Member] | Private Placement [Member]

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Interest rate 0.20%

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Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended

Nov. 23, 2015

Oct. 23, 2015

Jan. 31, 2016

Oct. 31, 2015

Oct. 31, 2014

Jul. 31, 2015

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Proceeds from issuance of private placement $ 2,000,000

Common stock, issued 55,211,380 41,859,297

Subsequent Event [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Investors holding percentage of issuable shares 75.00%

Private Placement [Member]

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Share price $ 0.75

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Private Placement [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]

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Proceeds from issuance of private placement $ 2,000,000 $ 8,000,000

Common stock, issued 4,444,439

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Net Loss Per Share
3 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2015

Net Loss Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

3. Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed as net loss divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Our diluted net loss per common share is the same as our basic net loss per common share because we incurred a net loss during each period presented, and the potentially dilutive securities from the assumed exercise of all outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants would have an anti-dilutive effect. As of October 31, 2015 and 2014, the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, the vesting of restricted stock units, and the exercise of warrants, none of which are included in the computation of basic net loss per common share, was 23,178,331 and 10,681,167, respectively.

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)

Oct. 31, 2015

Jul. 31, 2015

Current assets

Cash and cash equivalents $ 6,055,000 $ 1,321,000

Accounts receivable 93,000 189,000

Inventories, net 219,000 207,000

Restricted cash 75,000 75,000

Prepaid expenses 150,000 187,000

Total current assets 6,592,000 1,979,000

Property, plant and equipment, net 83,000 90,000

Patents, net 1,152,000 1,192,000

Total assets 7,827,000 3,261,000

Current liabilities

Accounts payable 384,000 560,000

Restructuring liability 54,000 59,000

Accrued liabilities 177,000 246,000

Derivative liability 6,969,000 4,000

Total current liabilities 7,584,000 869,000

Deferred rent 8,000 9,000

Total liabilities $ 7,592,000 $ 878,000

Commitments and contingencies (See Note 7)

Stockholders' equity

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued

Common stock, $0.01 par value: 100,000,000 shares authorized, 55,211,380 shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2015, and 41,859,297 shares issued and outstanding at July 31, 2015 $ 553,000 $ 420,000

Additional paid-in capital 91,350,000 90,811,000

Accumulated deficit (91,668,000) (88,848,000)

Total stockholders' equity 235,000 2,383,000

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 7,827,000 $ 3,261,000

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Basis of Presentation
3 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2015

Basis of Presentation [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

1. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Pure Bioscience, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, ETIH2O Corporation, a Nevada corporation. ETIH2O Corporation currently has no business operations and no material assets or liabilities and there have been no significant transactions related to ETIH2O Corporation during the periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. All references to “PURE,” “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to Pure Bioscience, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiary.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, for interim financial information pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10/Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended October 31, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other quarters or the year ending July 31, 2016. The July 31, 2015 balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP and included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more complete information, these unaudited financial statements and the notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2015 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K covering such period filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on October 28, 2015.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Net Loss Per Share (Details) - shares
3 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2015

Oct. 31, 2014

Net Loss Per Share [Abstract]

Antidilutive shares 23,178,331 10,681,167

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($)

Aug. 13, 2013

Oct. 31, 2015

Jul. 31, 2015

Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]

Restructuring liability $ 54,000 $ 59,000

Employee Severance [Member]

Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]

Restructuring liability $ 54,000

Dennis Brovarone [Member]

Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]

Release agreement payment $ 91,000

Cash severance payment period 60 days

Monthly installment amount $ 1,600

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Liquidity
3 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2015

Liquidity [Abstract]

Liquidity

2. Liquidity

Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private offerings of securities, debt financing, and revenue from product sales and license agreements. We have a history of recurring losses, and as of October 31, 2015, we have incurred a cumulative net loss of $91,668,000.

As of October 31, 2015, we had $6,055,000 in cash and cash equivalents, and $384,000 of accounts payable. As of October 31, 2015, we have no long-term debt.

Subsequent to October 31, 2015, we received $2.0 million in connection with a private placement (See Note 13)

Our future capital requirements depend on numerous forward-looking factors. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the following: the acceptance of, and demand for, our products; our success and the success of our partners in selling our products; our success and the success of our partners in obtaining regulatory approvals to sell our products; the costs of further developing our existing products and technologies; the extent to which we invest in new product and technology development; and the costs associated with the continued operation, and any future growth, of our business. The outcome of these and other forward-looking factors will substantially affect our liquidity and capital resources.

We expect that we will need to increase our liquidity and capital resources by one or more measures. These measures may include, but are not limited to, the following: reducing operating expenses; obtaining financing through the issuance of equity, debt, or convertible securities; entering into partnerships, licenses, or other arrangements with third parties; and reducing the exercise price of outstanding warrants. Any one of these measures could substantially reduce the value to us of our technology and its commercial potential. If we issue equity, debt or convertible securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity, debt or convertible securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. There is no guarantee that we would be able to obtain capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

If we are unable to obtain sufficient capital, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. It could cause us to fail to execute our business plan, fail to take advantage of future opportunities, or fail to respond to competitive pressures or customer requirements. It also may require us to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of our research and development programs, to license to third parties the right to commercialize products or technologies that we would otherwise commercialize ourselves, or to reduce or cease operations. If adequate funds are not available when needed, we may be required to significantly modify our business model and operations to reduce spending to a sustainable level.

We believe our available cash on-hand and cash received from financings subsequent to our quarter ended October 31, 2015, our current efforts to market and sell our products, and our ability to significantly reduce expenses, will provide sufficient cash resources to satisfy our needs over the next 12 months. However, we do not yet have, and we may never have, significant cash inflows from product sales or from other sources of revenue to offset our ongoing and planned investments in research and development projects, regulatory submissions, business development activities, and sales and marketing, among other investments. Some or all of our ongoing or planned investments may not be successful. In addition, irrespective of our cash resources, we may be contractually or legally obligated to make certain investments which cannot be postponed.

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares

Oct. 31, 2015

Jul. 31, 2015

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets [Abstract]

Preferred stock, par value $ 0.01 $ 0.01

Preferred stock, shares authorized 5,000,000 5,000,000

Preferred stock, shares issued 0 0

Common stock, par value $ 0.01 $ 0.01

Common stock, shares authorized 100,000,000 100,000,000

Common stock, shares issued 55,211,380 41,859,297

Common stock, shares outstanding 55,211,380 41,859,297

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

12. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

No recent accounting pronouncements or other authoritative guidance have been issued that management considers likely to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Subsequent Events
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Oct. 31, 2015

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Subsequent Events

13. Subsequent Events

On November 23, 2015, we completed the second and final closing of a private placement financing (the “Private Placement Financing”). We raised $2.0 million in this final closing of (i) an aggregate of 4,444,439 shares (collectively, the “Purchase Shares”) of our common stock (the “Common Stock”) at a purchase price of $0.45 per share, (ii) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,222,217 shares of Common Stock with a term of five years (the “Five-Year Warrants”) and (iii) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,820,670 shares of Common Stock with a term of six months and only exercisable for cash (the “Six-Month Warrants”, together with the Five-Year Warrants, the “Warrants” and the shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, collectively, the “Warrant Shares”). The securities issued in the Private Placement Financing were issued pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) entered into with certain investors (the “Investors”). We completed the initial closing of the Private Placement Financing on October 23, 2015 for aggregate gross proceeds of $6.0 million and the aggregate gross proceeds in the initial and final closings of the Private Placement Financing are $8.0 million. We did not engage a placement agent or investment banker to facilitate the Private Placement Financing. We intend to use the aggregate net proceeds of the Private Placement Financing primarily for working capital and general corporate purposes.

We offered the securities in the Private Placement Financing to the Company’s existing investors who previously purchased securities in our private placement financings in August and September of 2014 (the “Prior Financings”). The final closing in the Private Placement Financing was provided for and contemplated by the Securities Purchase Agreement entered into in connection with the initial closing. Tom Lee, a member of our board of directors and a participant in the Prior Financings, together with certain of his affiliates, invested approximately $472,000 in the final closing of the Private Placement Financing on the same terms offered to the other Investors.

The Warrants have an exercise price of $0.45 per share, are exercisable immediately after their issuance and will have a term of exercise equal to the earlier of (i) five years or six months, for the Five-Year Warrants and Six-Month Warrants, respectively, after their issuance date or (ii) the consummation of an Acquisition Event (as defined in the Warrants). The Warrants are subject to a broad-based anti-dilution adjustment in the event the Company issues shares of Common Stock without consideration or for consideration per share less than the exercise price in effect immediately prior to such issuance; provided however, that such adjustment does not apply to an Excluded Issuance (as such term is defined in the Warrants). Additionally, the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and the applicable exercise price therefor are subject to adjustment in the event of a stock dividend, stock split or combination as set forth in the Warrants.

We also entered into a registration rights agreement with the Investors (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which we will be obligated, upon request of Investors holding 75% of the Issuable Shares (as defined therein) and subject to certain conditions, to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) as soon as practicable, but in any event within 60 days after receiving such applicable request, a registration statement on Form S-1 (the “Resale Registration Statement”) to register the Purchase Shares and the Warrant Shares for resale under the Securities Act and other securities issued or issuable with respect to or in exchange for the Purchase Shares or Warrant Shares. We are obligated to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Resale Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC as promptly as reasonably practicable after the filing of the Resale Registration Statement, but no monetary penalty or liquidated damages will be imposed upon the Company if the Registration Statement is not declared effective by the SEC.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)
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Net product sales $ 186,000 $ 117,000

Operating costs and expenses

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Selling, general and administrative 1,086,000 1,192,000

Research and development 236,000 176,000

Share-based compensation 672,000 503,000

Other share-based expenses 131,000

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Interest expense, net (2,000) (2,000)

Other income (expense), net 9,000 (1,000)

Total other income (expense) (958,000) (4,000)

Net loss $ (2,820,000) $ (1,934,000)

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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
3 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2015

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets [Abstract]

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

7. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

In accordance with GAAP, if indicators of impairment exist, we assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the fair value of the asset and we record the impairment as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating results. Estimating the undiscounted future cash flows associated with long-lived assets requires judgment, and assumptions could differ materially from actual results. During the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, no impairment of long-lived assets was indicated or recorded.

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Commitments and Contingencies
3 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2015

Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

6. Commitments and Contingencies

Severance Agreement

On August 13, 2013, the Company entered into a Severance and Release Agreement with Dennis Brovarone, a former Board member. Mr. Brovarone will receive $91,000, payable in 60 monthly installments of approximately $1,600, commencing December 11, 2013 for amounts previously accrued as of July 31, 2013. Approximately $54,000 remains payable under the agreement and is included in the accrued restructuring liability section of the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of October 31, 2015.

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Inventory (Schedule Of Inventories) (Details) - USD ($)

Oct. 31, 2015

Jul. 31, 2015

Inventory [Abstract]

Raw materials $ 124,000 $ 96,000

Finished goods 95,000 111,000

Inventory, Net, Total $ 219,000 $ 207,000

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Oct. 31, 2015

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Schedule of Inventory, Current



October 31,



July 31,

2015

2015

Raw materials

$

124,000

$

96,000

Finished goods

95,000

111,000

$

219,000

$

207,000

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Stockholders' Equity
3 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2015

Comprehensive Loss [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

10. Stockholders’ Equity

Private Placements

On October 23, 2015, we closed a Private Placement Financing with Franchise Brands, LLC (the “Investor”) pursuant to a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), providing for the issuance and sale by us to the Investor of (i) an aggregate of 13,333,333 shares (collectively, the “Purchase Shares”) of our common stock (the “Common Stock”) at a purchase price of $0.45 per share, (ii) a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 6,666,666 shares of Common Stock with a term of five years (the “Five-Year Warrant”) and (iii) a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,666,666 shares of Common Stock with a term of six months and only exercisable for cash (the “Six-Month Warrant”, together with the Five-Year Warrant, the “Warrants” and the shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, collectively, the “Warrant Shares”), for aggregate gross proceeds to us of $6.0 million. We did not engage a placement agent or investment banker to facilitate the Private Placement Financing. We intend to use the aggregate net proceeds of the Private Placement Financing primarily for working capital and general corporate purposes.

The Warrants have an exercise price of $0.45 per share, are exercisable immediately after their issuance and will have a term of exercise equal to the earlier of (i) five years or six months, for the Five-Year Warrant and Six-Month Warrant, respectively, after their issuance date or (ii) the consummation of an Acquisition Event (as defined in the Warrants). The Warrants are subject to an anti-dilution adjustment in the event that we issue shares of Common Stock without consideration or for consideration per share less than the exercise price in effect immediately prior to such issuance; provided however, that such adjustment does not apply to an Excluded Issuance (as such term is defined in the Warrants). Additionally, the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and the applicable exercise price therefor are subject to adjustment in the event of a stock dividend, stock split or combination as set forth in the Warrants.

We also entered into a registration rights agreement with the Investor (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which we will be obligated, upon request of the Investor and subject to certain conditions, to file with the SEC as soon as practicable, but in any event within 60 days after receiving such applicable request, a registration statement on Form S-1 (the “Resale Registration Statement”) to register the Purchase Shares and the Warrant Shares for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and other securities issued or issuable with respect to or in exchange for the Purchase Shares or Warrant Shares. We are obligated to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Resale Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC as promptly as reasonably practicable after the filing of the Resale Registration Statement, but no monetary penalty or liquidated damages will be imposed upon the Company if the Registration Statement is not declared effective by the SEC.

During the three months ended October 31, 2014, we issued a total of 9,958,032 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 4,004,259 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $7.49 million. The warrants have a five-year term, are exercisable immediately, and have an exercise price of $0.75 per share. A fair value of $3,746,000 was estimated for the warrants using the Black-Sholes valuation method using a volatility of 133.74%, an interest rate of 1.50% and a dividend yield of zero. We determined that the warrants issued in connection with the private placements were equity instruments and did not represent derivative instruments.

Additionally, in connection with the price adjustment terms in subscription agreements we previously entered into with investors in prior private placements, we issued an aggregate of 127,993 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 648,053 shares of common stock. The warrants have a five-year term, are exercisable immediately, and have exercise prices ranging from $0.01 to $0.75 per share. A fair value of $651,000 was estimated for the warrants using the Black-Sholes valuation method using a volatility of 133.74%, an interest rate of 1.50% and a dividend yield of zero. We determined that the warrants issued in connection with prior private placements were equity instruments and did not represent derivative instruments.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments
3 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2015

Fair Value of Financial Instruments [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

8. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the authoritative guidance establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

·

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

·

Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

·

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

In connection with the October 2015 Private Placement and a prior Bridge Loan, we issued warrants with derivative features. These instruments are accounted for as derivative liabilities (See Note 9).

We used Level 3 inputs for the valuation methodology of the derivative liabilities. The estimated fair values were computed using a Monte Carlo option pricing model based on various assumptions. Our derivative liabilities are adjusted to reflect estimated fair value at each period end, with any decrease or increase in the estimated fair value being recorded in other income or expense accordingly, as adjustments to the fair value of the derivative liabilities. Various factors are considered in the pricing models we use to value the warrants, including the Company’s current stock price, the remaining life of the warrants, the volatility of the Company’s stock price, and the risk free interest rate. Future changes in these factors will have a significant impact on the computed fair value of the warrant liability. As such, we expect future changes in the fair value of the warrants to vary significantly from quarter to quarter.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the derivative liabilities for the three months ended October 31, 2015:







Warrant

Liability

Balance at July 31, 2015

$

4,000

Issuances

7,008,000

Settlement of warrant liability

—

Adjustments to estimated fair value

(43,000)

Balance at October 31, 2015

$

6,969,000

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Derivative Liability
3 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2015

Derivative Liability [Abstract]

Derivative Liability

9. Derivative Liability

On October 23, 2015 (the “Closing Date”), we closed a private placement financing (the “Private Placement Financing”), where we issued a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 6,666,666 shares of common stock with a term of five years and a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,666,666 shares of common stock with a term of six months (See Note 10).

We accounted for the combined 15,333,332 warrants issued in connection with the Private Placement Financing in accordance with the accounting guidance for derivatives. The applicable accounting guidance sets forth a two-step model to be applied in determining whether a financial instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock, which would qualify such financial instruments for a scope exception. This scope exception specifies that a contract that would otherwise meet the definition of a derivative financial instrument would not be considered as such if the contract is both (i) indexed to the entity’s own stock and (ii) classified in the stockholders’ equity section of the entity’s balance sheet. We determined the warrants were ineligible for equity classification due to anti-dilution provisions set forth therein.

The estimated fair value of the derivative liabilities at the Closing Date and at October 31, 2015, was $7,008,000 and $6,964,000. The following assumptions were used as inputs to the Monte Carlo option pricing model at October 31, 2015: for the five year warrant, stock price of $0.75 and a warrant exercise price of $0.45 as of the valuation date; our historical stock price volatility of 90%; risk free interest rate on U.S. treasury notes of 1.5%; warrant expiration of 5.0 years; for the six month warrant, stock price of $0.75 and a warrant exercise price of $0.45 as of the valuation date; our historical stock price volatility of 90%; risk free interest rate on U.S. treasury notes of 0.2%; warrant expiration of 0.5 years.

On the Closing Date, the derivative liabilities were recorded at an estimated fair value of $7,008,000. Given that the fair value of the derivative liabilities exceeded the total proceeds of the private placement of $6,000,000, no net amounts were allocated to the common stock. The $1,008,000 amount by which the recorded liabilities exceeded the proceeds was charged to other expense at the Closing Date. We have revalued the derivative liability as of October 31, 2015, and will continue to do so on each subsequent balance sheet date until the securities to which to derivative liabilities relate are exercised or expire, with any changes in the fair value between reporting periods recorded as other income or expense.

As of October 31, 2015, we had a warrant liability of $5,000 related to 132,420 warrants issued pursuant to a Bridge Loan financing that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2012. Currently there are 9,709 warrants outstanding issued in connection with the Bridge Loan. The following assumptions were used as inputs to the model at October 31, 2015: stock price of $0.75 and a warrant exercise price of $0.20 as of the valuation date; our historical stock price volatility of 89.61%; risk free interest rate on U.S. treasury notes of 0.34%; warrant expiration of 1.15 years.

On October 31, 2015, the total value of the derivative liabilities was $6,969,000. The change in fair value of the warrant liability for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, was a decrease of $43,000 and an increase of $1,000, respectively, which was recorded as a change in derivative liability in the consolidated statement of operations.

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Share-Based Compensation

11. Share-Based Compensation

During the three months ended October 31, 2015, 18,750 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) vested based on performance conditions that were satisfied during the period. Of the 2,378,750 RSUs outstanding, we currently expect 2,237,500 to vest. As of October 31, 2015, there was $972,000 of unrecognized non-cash compensation cost related to RSUs we expect to vest, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.56 years. During the three months ended October 31, 2015, 812,500 RSUs were forfeited.

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For the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, share-based compensation expense for outstanding RSUs and stock options was $672,000 and $503,000 respectively.

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Liquidity (Details) - USD ($)
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Jul. 31, 2015

Oct. 31, 2014

Jul. 31, 2014

Jul. 31, 2013

Liquidity [Abstract]

Accumulated deficit $ (91,668,000) $ (88,848,000)

Cash and cash equivalents 6,055,000 1,321,000 $ 5,331,000 $ 1,321,000 $ 86,000

Accounts Payable, Current 384,000 $ 560,000

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Amortization of stock issued for services 55,000 22,000

Stock issued to investors to amend subscription agreements 131,000

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Depreciation and amortization 51,000 51,000

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Inventories (12,000) 18,000

Prepaid expenses (18,000) (80,000)

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Investment in patents (4,000) (4,000)

Net cash used in investing activities (4,000) (4,000)

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Net proceeds from the sale of common stock 6,000,000 7,493,000

Net cash provided by financing activities 6,000,000 7,493,000

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Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 1,321,000 1,321,000

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 6,055,000 $ 5,331,000

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Inventory
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Inventory [Abstract]

Inventory

5. Inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and net of a valuation allowance for potential excess or obsolete material. Cost is determined using the average cost method. Depreciation related to manufacturing is systematically allocated to inventory produced, and expensed through cost of goods sold at the time inventory is sold.

Inventories consist of the following:



October 31,



July 31,

2015

2015

Raw materials

$

124,000

$

96,000

Finished goods

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111,000

$

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$

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Derivative Liability (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended

Oct. 23, 2015

Oct. 31, 2015

Oct. 31, 2014

Nov. 23, 2015

Jul. 31, 2015

Jul. 10, 2012

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Common stock, shares issued 55,211,380 41,859,297

Derivative liability $ 6,969,000 $ 4,000

Volatility 133.74%

Interest rate 1.50%

Proceeds from issuance of private placement 2,000,000

Fair value of derivative liabilities in excess of proceeds 1,008,000

Change in derivative liability $ 43,000 $ (1,000)

Bridge Loan [Member]

Convertible Note And Derivative Liability [Line Items]

Warrants exercise period 1 year 1 month 24 days

Derivative liability $ 5,000

Share price $ 0.75

Warrants exercise price $ 0.20

Volatility 89.61%

Interest rate 0.34%

Shares issued 132,420

Warrants outstanding 9,709

Private Placement [Member]

Convertible Note And Derivative Liability [Line Items]

Warrants to purchase common stock shares 15,333,332 4,004,259

Common stock, shares issued 13,333,333 9,958,032

Derivative liability $ 7,008,000 $ 6,964,000

Share price $ 0.45

Warrants exercise price $ 0.45 $ 0.75

Proceeds from issuance of private placement $ 6,000,000 $ 7,490,000

Fair value of derivative liabilities in excess of proceeds $ 1,008,000

Five Year Warrants [Member] | Private Placement [Member]

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Warrants to purchase common stock shares 6,666,666

Warrants exercise period 5 years 5 years

Share price $ 0.75

Warrants exercise price $ 0.45

Volatility 90.00%

Interest rate 1.50%

Six Month Warrants [Member] | Private Placement [Member]

Convertible Note And Derivative Liability [Line Items]

Warrants to purchase common stock shares 8,666,666 2,820,670

Warrants exercise period 6 months

Share price $ 0.75

Warrants exercise price $ 0.45

Volatility 90.00%

Interest rate 0.20%

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)
3 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2015

Fair Value of Financial Instruments [Abstract]

Schedule of Derivative Liabilities at Fair Value

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the derivative liabilities for the three months ended October 31, 2015:







Warrant

Liability

Balance at July 31, 2015

$

4,000

Issuances

7,008,000

Settlement of warrant liability

—

Adjustments to estimated fair value

(43,000)

Balance at October 31, 2015

$

6,969,000

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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2015	Oct. 31, 2014
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets [Abstract]
Impairment of long-lived assets	$ 0	$ 0

Comprehensive Loss	3 Months Ended
Comprehensive Loss	Oct. 31, 2015
Comprehensive Loss [Abstract]
Comprehensive Loss	4. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. For the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, our comprehensive loss consisted only of net loss.

Share-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
Share-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2015	Oct. 31, 2014
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options granted	0	0
Share-based compensation	$ 672,000	$ 503,000
Restricted Stock Units "RSUs" [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares vested	18,750
Shares outstanding	2,378,750
Shares expected to vest	2,237,500
Unrecognized non-cash compensation costs	$ 972,000
Unrecognized non-cash compensation costs, weighted average period	6 months 22 days
Stock forfeited value	$ 812,500
Unvested Options [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized non-cash compensation costs	$ 67,000
Unrecognized non-cash compensation costs, weighted average period	1 year 1 month 17 days

Stockholders' Equity - Private Placements (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Oct. 23, 2015	Oct. 31, 2015	Oct. 31, 2014	Nov. 23, 2015	Jul. 31, 2015
Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity [Abstract]
Common stock, issued		55,211,380			41,859,297
Proceeds from issuance of private placement		$ 2,000,000
Volatility			133.74%
Interest rate			1.50%
Dividend yield			0.00%
Price Adjustment Terms in Subscription Agreements in Prior Private Placements [Member]
Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity [Abstract]
Common stock, issued			127,993
Warrants to purchase common stock shares			648,053
Warrants exercise period			5 years
Fair value of warrants			$ 651,000
Volatility			133.74%
Interest rate			1.50%
Dividend yield			0.00%
Private Placement [Member]
Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity [Abstract]
Common stock, issued	13,333,333		9,958,032
Share price	$ 0.45
Warrants to purchase common stock shares	15,333,332		4,004,259
Proceeds from issuance of private placement	$ 6,000,000		$ 7,490,000
Warrants exercise price		$ 0.45	$ 0.75
Fair value of warrants			$ 3,746,000
Minimum [Member] \| Price Adjustment Terms in Subscription Agreements in Prior Private Placements [Member]
Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity [Abstract]
Warrants exercise price			$ 0.01
Maximum [Member] \| Price Adjustment Terms in Subscription Agreements in Prior Private Placements [Member]
Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity [Abstract]
Warrants exercise price			$ 0.75
Five Year Warrants [Member] \| Private Placement [Member]
Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity [Abstract]
Share price		$ 0.75
Warrants to purchase common stock shares	6,666,666
Warrants exercise period		5 years	5 years
Warrants exercise price		$ 0.45
Volatility		90.00%
Interest rate		1.50%
Six Month Warrants [Member] \| Private Placement [Member]
Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity [Abstract]
Share price		$ 0.75
Warrants to purchase common stock shares	8,666,666			2,820,670
Warrants exercise period		6 months
Warrants exercise price		$ 0.45
Volatility		90.00%
Interest rate		0.20%

Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended
Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($)	Nov. 23, 2015	Oct. 23, 2015	Jan. 31, 2016	Oct. 31, 2015	Oct. 31, 2014	Jul. 31, 2015
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of private placement				$ 2,000,000
Common stock, issued				55,211,380		41,859,297
Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Investors holding percentage of issuable shares	75.00%
Private Placement [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of private placement		$ 6,000,000			$ 7,490,000
Common stock, issued		13,333,333			9,958,032
Share price		$ 0.45
Warrants to purchase common stock shares		15,333,332			4,004,259
Warrants exercise price				$ 0.45	$ 0.75
Private Placement [Member] \| Five Year Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Share price				$ 0.75
Warrants to purchase common stock shares		6,666,666
Warrants exercise period				5 years	5 years
Warrants exercise price				$ 0.45
Private Placement [Member] \| Six Month Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Share price				$ 0.75
Warrants to purchase common stock shares	2,820,670	8,666,666
Warrants exercise period				6 months
Warrants exercise price				$ 0.45
Private Placement [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of private placement	$ 2,000,000		$ 8,000,000
Common stock, issued	4,444,439
Share price	$ 0.45
Private Placement [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member] \| Five Year Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock shares	2,222,217
Warrants exercise period	5 years
Private Placement [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member] \| Six Month Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants exercise period	6 months
Tom Lee and Affiliates [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of private placement	$ 472,000

Net Loss Per Share	3 Months Ended
Net Loss Per Share	Oct. 31, 2015
Net Loss Per Share [Abstract]
Net Loss Per Share	3. Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per common share is computed as net loss divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Our diluted net loss per common share is the same as our basic net loss per common share because we incurred a net loss during each period presented, and the potentially dilutive securities from the assumed exercise of all outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants would have an anti-dilutive effect. As of October 31, 2015 and 2014, the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, the vesting of restricted stock units, and the exercise of warrants, none of which are included in the computation of basic net loss per common share, was 23,178,331 and 10,681,167, respectively.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2015	Jul. 31, 2015
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 6,055,000	$ 1,321,000
Accounts receivable	93,000	189,000
Inventories, net	219,000	207,000
Restricted cash	75,000	75,000
Prepaid expenses	150,000	187,000
Total current assets	6,592,000	1,979,000
Property, plant and equipment, net	83,000	90,000
Patents, net	1,152,000	1,192,000
Total assets	7,827,000	3,261,000
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	384,000	560,000
Restructuring liability	54,000	59,000
Accrued liabilities	177,000	246,000
Derivative liability	6,969,000	4,000
Total current liabilities	7,584,000	869,000
Deferred rent	8,000	9,000
Total liabilities	$ 7,592,000	$ 878,000
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 7)
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 100,000,000 shares authorized, 55,211,380 shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2015, and 41,859,297 shares issued and outstanding at July 31, 2015	$ 553,000	$ 420,000
Additional paid-in capital	91,350,000	90,811,000
Accumulated deficit	(91,668,000)	(88,848,000)
Total stockholders' equity	235,000	2,383,000
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 7,827,000	$ 3,261,000

Basis of Presentation	3 Months Ended
Basis of Presentation	Oct. 31, 2015
Basis of Presentation [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	1. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Pure Bioscience, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, ETIH2O Corporation, a Nevada corporation. ETIH2O Corporation currently has no business operations and no material assets or liabilities and there have been no significant transactions related to ETIH2O Corporation during the periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. All references to “PURE,” “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to Pure Bioscience, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiary. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, for interim financial information pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10/Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended October 31, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other quarters or the year ending July 31, 2016. The July 31, 2015 balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP and included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more complete information, these unaudited financial statements and the notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2015 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K covering such period filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on October 28, 2015. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Net Loss Per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
Net Loss Per Share (Details) - shares	Oct. 31, 2015	Oct. 31, 2014
Net Loss Per Share [Abstract]
Antidilutive shares	23,178,331	10,681,167

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($)	Aug. 13, 2013	Oct. 31, 2015	Jul. 31, 2015
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Restructuring liability		$ 54,000	$ 59,000
Employee Severance [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Restructuring liability		$ 54,000
Dennis Brovarone [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Release agreement payment	$ 91,000
Cash severance payment period	60 days
Monthly installment amount	$ 1,600

Liquidity	3 Months Ended
Liquidity	Oct. 31, 2015
Liquidity [Abstract]
Liquidity	2. Liquidity Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private offerings of securities, debt financing, and revenue from product sales and license agreements. We have a history of recurring losses, and as of October 31, 2015, we have incurred a cumulative net loss of $91,668,000. As of October 31, 2015, we had $6,055,000 in cash and cash equivalents, and $384,000 of accounts payable. As of October 31, 2015, we have no long-term debt. Subsequent to October 31, 2015, we received $2.0 million in connection with a private placement (See Note 13) Our future capital requirements depend on numerous forward-looking factors. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the following: the acceptance of, and demand for, our products; our success and the success of our partners in selling our products; our success and the success of our partners in obtaining regulatory approvals to sell our products; the costs of further developing our existing products and technologies; the extent to which we invest in new product and technology development; and the costs associated with the continued operation, and any future growth, of our business. The outcome of these and other forward-looking factors will substantially affect our liquidity and capital resources. We expect that we will need to increase our liquidity and capital resources by one or more measures. These measures may include, but are not limited to, the following: reducing operating expenses; obtaining financing through the issuance of equity, debt, or convertible securities; entering into partnerships, licenses, or other arrangements with third parties; and reducing the exercise price of outstanding warrants. Any one of these measures could substantially reduce the value to us of our technology and its commercial potential. If we issue equity, debt or convertible securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity, debt or convertible securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. There is no guarantee that we would be able to obtain capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If we are unable to obtain sufficient capital, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. It could cause us to fail to execute our business plan, fail to take advantage of future opportunities, or fail to respond to competitive pressures or customer requirements. It also may require us to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of our research and development programs, to license to third parties the right to commercialize products or technologies that we would otherwise commercialize ourselves, or to reduce or cease operations. If adequate funds are not available when needed, we may be required to significantly modify our business model and operations to reduce spending to a sustainable level. We believe our available cash on-hand and cash received from financings subsequent to our quarter ended October 31, 2015, our current efforts to market and sell our products, and our ability to significantly reduce expenses, will provide sufficient cash resources to satisfy our needs over the next 12 months. However, we do not yet have, and we may never have, significant cash inflows from product sales or from other sources of revenue to offset our ongoing and planned investments in research and development projects, regulatory submissions, business development activities, and sales and marketing, among other investments. Some or all of our ongoing or planned investments may not be successful. In addition, irrespective of our cash resources, we may be contractually or legally obligated to make certain investments which cannot be postponed.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Oct. 31, 2015	Jul. 31, 2015
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	55,211,380	41,859,297
Common stock, shares outstanding	55,211,380	41,859,297

Recent Accounting Pronouncements	3 Months Ended
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Oct. 31, 2015
Recent Accounting Pronouncements [Abstract]
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	12. Recent Accounting Pronouncements No recent accounting pronouncements or other authoritative guidance have been issued that management considers likely to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Document And Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
Document And Entity Information - shares	Oct. 31, 2015	Dec. 10, 2015
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Oct. 31, 2015
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2016
Entity Registrant Name	PURE BIOSCIENCE, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001006028
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--07-31
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		59,655,819

Subsequent Events	3 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Oct. 31, 2015
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	13. Subsequent Events On November 23, 2015, we completed the second and final closing of a private placement financing (the “Private Placement Financing”). We raised $2.0 million in this final closing of (i) an aggregate of 4,444,439 shares (collectively, the “Purchase Shares”) of our common stock (the “Common Stock”) at a purchase price of $0.45 per share, (ii) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,222,217 shares of Common Stock with a term of five years (the “Five-Year Warrants”) and (iii) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,820,670 shares of Common Stock with a term of six months and only exercisable for cash (the “Six-Month Warrants”, together with the Five-Year Warrants, the “Warrants” and the shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, collectively, the “Warrant Shares”). The securities issued in the Private Placement Financing were issued pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) entered into with certain investors (the “Investors”). We completed the initial closing of the Private Placement Financing on October 23, 2015 for aggregate gross proceeds of $6.0 million and the aggregate gross proceeds in the initial and final closings of the Private Placement Financing are $8.0 million. We did not engage a placement agent or investment banker to facilitate the Private Placement Financing. We intend to use the aggregate net proceeds of the Private Placement Financing primarily for working capital and general corporate purposes. We offered the securities in the Private Placement Financing to the Company’s existing investors who previously purchased securities in our private placement financings in August and September of 2014 (the “Prior Financings”). The final closing in the Private Placement Financing was provided for and contemplated by the Securities Purchase Agreement entered into in connection with the initial closing. Tom Lee, a member of our board of directors and a participant in the Prior Financings, together with certain of his affiliates, invested approximately $472,000 in the final closing of the Private Placement Financing on the same terms offered to the other Investors. The Warrants have an exercise price of $0.45 per share, are exercisable immediately after their issuance and will have a term of exercise equal to the earlier of (i) five years or six months, for the Five-Year Warrants and Six-Month Warrants, respectively, after their issuance date or (ii) the consummation of an Acquisition Event (as defined in the Warrants). The Warrants are subject to a broad-based anti-dilution adjustment in the event the Company issues shares of Common Stock without consideration or for consideration per share less than the exercise price in effect immediately prior to such issuance; provided however, that such adjustment does not apply to an Excluded Issuance (as such term is defined in the Warrants). Additionally, the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and the applicable exercise price therefor are subject to adjustment in the event of a stock dividend, stock split or combination as set forth in the Warrants. We also entered into a registration rights agreement with the Investors (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which we will be obligated, upon request of Investors holding 75% of the Issuable Shares (as defined therein) and subject to certain conditions, to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) as soon as practicable, but in any event within 60 days after receiving such applicable request, a registration statement on Form S-1 (the “Resale Registration Statement”) to register the Purchase Shares and the Warrant Shares for resale under the Securities Act and other securities issued or issuable with respect to or in exchange for the Purchase Shares or Warrant Shares. We are obligated to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Resale Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC as promptly as reasonably practicable after the filing of the Resale Registration Statement, but no monetary penalty or liquidated damages will be imposed upon the Company if the Registration Statement is not declared effective by the SEC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2015	Oct. 31, 2014
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations [Abstract]
Net product sales	$ 186,000	$ 117,000
Operating costs and expenses
Cost of goods sold	54,000	45,000
Selling, general and administrative	1,086,000	1,192,000
Research and development	236,000	176,000
Share-based compensation	672,000	503,000
Other share-based expenses		131,000
Total operating costs and expenses	2,048,000	2,047,000
Loss from operations	(1,862,000)	(1,930,000)
Other income (expense)
Fair value of derivative liabilities in excess of proceeds	(1,008,000)
Change in derivative liability	43,000	(1,000)
Interest expense, net	(2,000)	(2,000)
Other income (expense), net	9,000	(1,000)
Total other income (expense)	(958,000)	(4,000)
Net loss	$ (2,820,000)	$ (1,934,000)
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$ (0.07)	$ (0.05)
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share	43,019,329	37,029,203

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	3 Months Ended
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Oct. 31, 2015
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets [Abstract]
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	7. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets In accordance with GAAP, if indicators of impairment exist, we assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the fair value of the asset and we record the impairment as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating results. Estimating the undiscounted future cash flows associated with long-lived assets requires judgment, and assumptions could differ materially from actual results. During the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, no impairment of long-lived assets was indicated or recorded.

Commitments and Contingencies	3 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Oct. 31, 2015
Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	6. Commitments and Contingencies Severance Agreement On August 13, 2013, the Company entered into a Severance and Release Agreement with Dennis Brovarone, a former Board member. Mr. Brovarone will receive $91,000, payable in 60 monthly installments of approximately $1,600, commencing December 11, 2013 for amounts previously accrued as of July 31, 2013. Approximately $54,000 remains payable under the agreement and is included in the accrued restructuring liability section of the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of October 31, 2015.

Inventory (Schedule Of Inventories) (Details) - USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2015	Jul. 31, 2015
Inventory [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 124,000	$ 96,000
Finished goods	95,000	111,000
Inventory, Net, Total	$ 219,000	$ 207,000

Derivative Liability	3 Months Ended
Derivative Liability	Oct. 31, 2015
Derivative Liability [Abstract]
Derivative Liability	9. Derivative Liability On October 23, 2015 (the “Closing Date”), we closed a private placement financing (the “Private Placement Financing”), where we issued a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 6,666,666 shares of common stock with a term of five years and a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,666,666 shares of common stock with a term of six months (See Note 10). We accounted for the combined 15,333,332 warrants issued in connection with the Private Placement Financing in accordance with the accounting guidance for derivatives. The applicable accounting guidance sets forth a two-step model to be applied in determining whether a financial instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock, which would qualify such financial instruments for a scope exception. This scope exception specifies that a contract that would otherwise meet the definition of a derivative financial instrument would not be considered as such if the contract is both (i) indexed to the entity’s own stock and (ii) classified in the stockholders’ equity section of the entity’s balance sheet. We determined the warrants were ineligible for equity classification due to anti-dilution provisions set forth therein. The estimated fair value of the derivative liabilities at the Closing Date and at October 31, 2015, was $7,008,000 and $6,964,000. The following assumptions were used as inputs to the Monte Carlo option pricing model at October 31, 2015: for the five year warrant, stock price of $0.75 and a warrant exercise price of $0.45 as of the valuation date; our historical stock price volatility of 90%; risk free interest rate on U.S. treasury notes of 1.5%; warrant expiration of 5.0 years; for the six month warrant, stock price of $0.75 and a warrant exercise price of $0.45 as of the valuation date; our historical stock price volatility of 90%; risk free interest rate on U.S. treasury notes of 0.2%; warrant expiration of 0.5 years. On the Closing Date, the derivative liabilities were recorded at an estimated fair value of $7,008,000. Given that the fair value of the derivative liabilities exceeded the total proceeds of the private placement of $6,000,000, no net amounts were allocated to the common stock. The $1,008,000 amount by which the recorded liabilities exceeded the proceeds was charged to other expense at the Closing Date. We have revalued the derivative liability as of October 31, 2015, and will continue to do so on each subsequent balance sheet date until the securities to which to derivative liabilities relate are exercised or expire, with any changes in the fair value between reporting periods recorded as other income or expense. As of October 31, 2015, we had a warrant liability of $5,000 related to 132,420 warrants issued pursuant to a Bridge Loan financing that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2012. Currently there are 9,709 warrants outstanding issued in connection with the Bridge Loan. The following assumptions were used as inputs to the model at October 31, 2015: stock price of $0.75 and a warrant exercise price of $0.20 as of the valuation date; our historical stock price volatility of 89.61%; risk free interest rate on U.S. treasury notes of 0.34%; warrant expiration of 1.15 years. On October 31, 2015, the total value of the derivative liabilities was $6,969,000. The change in fair value of the warrant liability for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, was a decrease of $43,000 and an increase of $1,000, respectively, which was recorded as a change in derivative liability in the consolidated statement of operations.

Share-Based Compensation	3 Months Ended
Share-Based Compensation	Oct. 31, 2015
Share-Based Compensation [Abstract]
Share-Based Compensation	11. Share-Based Compensation During the three months ended October 31, 2015, 18,750 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) vested based on performance conditions that were satisfied during the period. Of the 2,378,750 RSUs outstanding, we currently expect 2,237,500 to vest. As of October 31, 2015, there was $972,000 of unrecognized non-cash compensation cost related to RSUs we expect to vest, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.56 years. During the three months ended October 31, 2015, 812,500 RSUs were forfeited. As of October 31, 2015, there was $67,000 of unrecognized non-cash compensation cost related to unvested stock options, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.13 years. No options were granted during the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014. For the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, share-based compensation expense for outstanding RSUs and stock options was $672,000 and $503,000 respectively.

Liquidity (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
Liquidity (Details) - USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2015	Jul. 31, 2015	Oct. 31, 2014	Jul. 31, 2014	Jul. 31, 2013
Liquidity [Abstract]
Accumulated deficit	$ (91,668,000)	$ (88,848,000)
Cash and cash equivalents	6,055,000	1,321,000	$ 5,331,000	$ 1,321,000	$ 86,000
Accounts Payable, Current	384,000	$ 560,000
Long term debt	0
Proceeds received from private placement	$ 2,000,000

Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details)	3 Months Ended
Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details)	Oct. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 4,000
Ending balance	6,969,000
Warrant [Member]
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Beginning balance	4,000
Issuances	7,008,000
Adjustments to estimated fair value	(43,000)
Ending balance	$ 6,969,000

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2015	Oct. 31, 2014
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (2,820,000)	$ (1,934,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Share-based compensation	672,000	503,000
Amortization of stock issued for services	55,000	22,000
Stock issued to investors to amend subscription agreements		131,000
Fair value of derivative liabilities in excess of proceeds	1,008,000
Depreciation and amortization	51,000	51,000
Change in fair value of derivative liability	(43,000)	1,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	96,000
Inventories	(12,000)	18,000
Prepaid expenses	(18,000)	(80,000)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(250,000)	(955,000)
Deferred rent	(1,000)	(1,000)
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,262,000)	(2,244,000)
Investing activities
Investment in patents	(4,000)	(4,000)
Net cash used in investing activities	(4,000)	(4,000)
Financing activities
Net proceeds from the sale of common stock	6,000,000	7,493,000
Net cash provided by financing activities	6,000,000	7,493,000
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	4,734,000	5,245,000
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	1,321,000	1,321,000
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	6,055,000	$ 5,331,000
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for taxes	$ 2,000

Derivative Liability (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
Derivative Liability (Details) - USD ($)	Oct. 23, 2015	Oct. 31, 2015	Oct. 31, 2014	Nov. 23, 2015	Jul. 31, 2015	Jul. 10, 2012
Convertible Note And Derivative Liability [Line Items]
Common stock, shares issued		55,211,380			41,859,297
Derivative liability		$ 6,969,000			$ 4,000
Volatility			133.74%
Interest rate			1.50%
Proceeds from issuance of private placement		2,000,000
Fair value of derivative liabilities in excess of proceeds		1,008,000
Change in derivative liability		$ 43,000	$ (1,000)
Bridge Loan [Member]
Convertible Note And Derivative Liability [Line Items]
Warrants exercise period		1 year 1 month 24 days
Derivative liability		$ 5,000
Share price		$ 0.75
Warrants exercise price		$ 0.20
Volatility		89.61%
Interest rate		0.34%
Shares issued						132,420
Warrants outstanding		9,709
Private Placement [Member]
Convertible Note And Derivative Liability [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock shares	15,333,332		4,004,259
Common stock, shares issued	13,333,333		9,958,032
Derivative liability	$ 7,008,000	$ 6,964,000
Share price	$ 0.45
Warrants exercise price		$ 0.45	$ 0.75
Proceeds from issuance of private placement	$ 6,000,000		$ 7,490,000
Fair value of derivative liabilities in excess of proceeds	$ 1,008,000
Five Year Warrants [Member] \| Private Placement [Member]
Convertible Note And Derivative Liability [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock shares	6,666,666
Warrants exercise period		5 years	5 years
Share price		$ 0.75
Warrants exercise price		$ 0.45
Volatility		90.00%
Interest rate		1.50%
Six Month Warrants [Member] \| Private Placement [Member]
Convertible Note And Derivative Liability [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock shares	8,666,666			2,820,670
Warrants exercise period		6 months
Share price		$ 0.75
Warrants exercise price		$ 0.45
Volatility		90.00%
Interest rate		0.20%