Revenue Recognition

9 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Note 3—Revenue Recognition

The Company earns revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of retail telecommunications and payment offerings as well as wholesale international voice and SMS termination. BOSS Money, NRS, and net2phone-UCaaS are technology-driven, synergistic businesses that leverage the Company’s core assets, and revenue is primarily recognized at a point in time, and in some cases (mainly with respect to net2phone-UCaaS) is recognized over time. Traditional Communications are mostly minute-based, paid-voice communications services, and revenue is primarily recognized at a point in time. The Company’s most significant revenue streams are from Mobile Top-Up, BOSS Revolution Calling, and IDT Global. Mobile Top-Up and BOSS Revolution Calling are sold direct-to-consumers and through distributors and retailers.

Disaggregated Revenues

The following table shows the Company’s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers:

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Nine Months Ended April 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
BOSS Money	$	15,540	$	10,259	$	40,498	$	38,697
National Retail Solutions		11,383		6,385		32,075		16,532
Total Fintech		26,923		16,644		72,573		55,229
net2phone-UCaaS		15,555		11,445		42,003		32,012
Mobile Top-Up		115,862		132,603		360,593		325,001
BOSS Revolution Calling		91,768		111,412		297,688		342,665
IDT Global		67,094		88,643		229,407		263,571
Other		11,151		13,084		33,230		38,544
Total Traditional Communications		285,875		345,742		920,918		969,781
Total	$	328,353	$	373,831	$	1,035,494	$	1,057,022

The following table shows the Company’s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location. On February 1, 2021, the Company changed the geographic sourcing of certain revenues from the United States to the United Kingdom.

(in thousands)	Fintech		net2phone- UCaaS		Traditional Communications		Total
Three Months Ended April 30, 2022
United States	$	26,923	$	7,930	$	199,850	$	234,703
Outside the United States:
United Kingdom		—		—		74,567		74,567
Other		—		7,625		11,458		19,083
Total outside the United States		—		7,625		86,025		93,650
Total	$	26,923	$	15,555	$	285,875	$	328,353

(in thousands)	Fintech		net2phone- UCaaS		Traditional Communications		Total
Three Months Ended April 30, 2021
United States	$	16,644	$	5,844	$	241,146	$	263,634
Outside the United States:
United Kingdom		—		—		92,052		92,052
Other		—		5,601		12,544		18,145
Total outside the United States		—		5,601		104,596		110,197
Total	$	16,644	$	11,445	$	345,742	$	373,831

(in thousands)	Fintech		net2phone- UCaaS		Traditional Communications		Total
Nine Months Ended April 30, 2022
United States	$	72,573	$	21,911	$	649,713	$	744,197
Outside the United States:
United Kingdom		—		—		233,647		233,647
Other		—		20,092		37,558		57,650
Total outside the United States		—		20,092		271,205		291,297
Total	$	72,573	$	42,003	$	920,918	$	1,035,494

(in thousands)	Fintech		net2phone- UCaaS		Traditional Communications		Total
Nine Months Ended April 30, 2021
United States	$	55,229	$	16,613	$	778,230	$	850,072
Outside the United States:
United Kingdom		—		—		152,188		152,188
Other		—		15,399		39,363		54,762
Total outside the United States		—		15,399		191,551		206,950
Total	$	55,229	$	32,012	$	969,781	$	1,057,022

Remaining Performance Obligations

The Company does not have any significant revenue from performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous reporting periods. The Company’s remaining performance obligations as of April 30, 2022 and July 31, 2021 had an original expected duration of one year or less.

Accounts Receivable and Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the time of billing to the Company’s customers. Trade accounts receivable in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets represent unconditional rights to consideration. The Company would record a contract asset when revenue is recognized in advance of its right to bill and receive consideration. The Company has not identified any contract assets.

Contract liabilities arise when the Company receives consideration or bills its customers prior to providing the goods or services promised in the contract. The Company’s contract liability balance is primarily payments received for prepaid BOSS Revolution Calling. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when services are provided to the customer. The contract liability balances are presented in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as “Deferred revenue”.

The following table presents information about the Company’s contract liability balance:

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Nine Months Ended April 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Revenue recognized in the period from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period	$	18,751	$	21,926	$	25,437	$	27,690

Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs

The Company recognizes its incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer that it expects to recover as an asset. The Company’s incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are sales commissions paid to employees and third parties on sales to end users. If the amortization period would be one year or less for the asset that would be recognized from deferring these costs, the Company applies the practical expedient whereby the Company charges these costs to expense when incurred. For net2phone-UCaaS sales, the Company defers these costs and amortizes them over the expected customer relationship period when it is expected to exceed one year.

The Company’s costs to fulfill its contracts do not meet the criteria to be recognized as an asset, therefore these costs are charged to expense as incurred.

The Company’s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows:

	April 30, 2022		July 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in “Other current assets”	$	3,978	$	3,460
Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in “Other assets”		3,435		3,151
Total	$	7,413	$	6,611

The Company’s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs during the periods were as follows:

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Nine Months Ended April 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs	$	1,121	$	950	$	3,163	$	2,581