10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JANUARY 31, 2017

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 1-16371

IDT CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	22-3415036
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey	07102
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(973) 438-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒     No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒     No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.): Yes ☐     No ☒

As of March 10, 2017, the registrant had the following shares outstanding:

Class A common stock, $.01 par value:	1,574,326 shares outstanding (excluding 1,698,000 treasury shares)
Class B common stock, $.01 par value:	21,524,292 shares outstanding (excluding 4,025,257 treasury shares)

IDT CORPORATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		1
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
	Consolidated Statements of Income	2
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	3
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	15
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks	27
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	27
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		28
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	28
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	28
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	28
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	28
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	28
Item 5.	Other Information	28
Item 6.	Exhibits	29
SIGNATURES		30

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

IDT CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	January 31, 2017			July 31, 2016
	(Unaudited)			(Note 1)
	(in thousands)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	77,524		$	109,537
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		89,420			98,822
Marketable securities		53,273			52,949
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,173 at January 31, 2017 and $4,818 at July 31, 2016		55,464			49,283
Prepaid expenses		14,994			15,189
Other current assets		14,228			13,273
Total current assets		304,903			339,053
Property, plant and equipment, net		89,205			87,374
Goodwill		11,137			11,218
Other intangibles, net		676			843
Investments		23,623			14,024
Deferred income tax assets, net		22,450			9,554
Other assets		7,372			7,592
Total assets	$	459,366		$	469,658
Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	$	32,237		$	30,253
Accrued expenses		101,316			117,434
Deferred revenue		83,835			86,178
Customer deposits		87,468			95,843
Income taxes payable		494			578
Other current liabilities		5,557			13,534
Total current liabilities		310,907			343,820
Other liabilities		1,627			1,635
Total liabilities		312,534			345,455
Commitments and contingencies
Equity:
IDT Corporation stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares—10,000; no shares issued		—			—
Class A common stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares—35,000; 3,272 shares issued and 1,574 shares outstanding at January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016		33			33
Class B common stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares—200,000; 25,550 and 25,383 shares issued and 21,525 and 21,452 shares outstanding at January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, respectively		255			254
Additional paid-in capital		401,055			396,243
Treasury stock, at cost, consisting of 1,698 and 1,698 shares of Class A common stock and 4,025 and 3,931 shares of Class B common stock at January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, respectively		(117,154	)		(115,316	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(6,210	)		(3,744	)
Accumulated deficit		(139,644	)		(153,673	)
Total IDT Corporation stockholders’ equity		138,335			123,797
Noncontrolling interests		8,497			406
Total equity		146,832			124,203
Total liabilities and equity	$	459,366		$	469,658

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

1

IDT CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended January 31,						Six Months Ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues	$	367,556		$	382,454		$	736,707		$	773,032
Costs and expenses:
Direct cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		310,913			319,724			623,941			644,235
Selling, general and administrative (i)		47,325			51,054			92,763			104,143
Depreciation and amortization		5,301			4,973			10,601			10,025
Total costs and expenses		363,539			375,751			727,305			758,403
Other operating expense		(889	)		(326	)		(1,088	)		(326	)
Income from operations		3,128			6,377			8,314			14,303
Interest income, net		309			534			609			692
Other (expense) income, net		(419	)		(234	)		1,974			(844	)
Income before income taxes		3,018			6,677			10,897			14,151
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes		(1,761	)		(2,014	)		12,655			(4,911	)
Net income		1,257			4,663			23,552			9,240
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(382	)		(598	)		(758	)		(981	)
Net income attributable to IDT Corporation	$	875		$	4,065		$	22,794		$	8,259
Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:
Basic	$	0.04		$	0.18		$	1.00		$	0.36
Diluted	$	0.04		$	0.18		$	0.99		$	0.36
Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of earnings per share:
Basic		22,768			22,799			22,740			22,867
Diluted		22,963			22,799			22,931			22,884
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.19		$	0.19		$	0.38		$	0.37
(i) Stock-based compensation included in selling, general and administrative expenses	$	1,426		$	873		$	2,128		$	1,644

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

2

IDT CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended January 31,						Six Months Ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	1,257		$	4,663		$	23,552		$	9,240
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities		(40	)		(143	)		(63	)		385
Foreign currency translation adjustments		459			(4,011	)		(2,403	)		(3,900	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		419			(4,154	)		(2,466	)		(3,515	)
Comprehensive income		1,676			509			21,086			5,725
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(382	)		(598	)		(758	)		(981	)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation	$	1,294		$	(89	)	$	20,328		$	4,744

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3

IDT CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended January 31,
	2017			2016
	(in thousands)
Operating activities
Net income	$	23,552		$	9,240
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		10,601			10,025
Deferred income taxes		(12,868	)		4,708
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable		126			486
Realized gain on marketable securities		(305	)		(543	)
Interest in the equity of investments		(295	)		(79	)
Stock-based compensation		2,128			1,644
Change in assets and liabilities:
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		4,098			(5,360	)
Trade accounts receivable		(8,189	)		(1,366	)
Prepaid expenses, other current assets and other assets		(1,432	)		7,644
Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, other current liabilities and other liabilities		(14,927	)		(10,814	)
Customer deposits		(1,177	)		8,200
Income taxes payable		(83	)		159
Deferred revenue		(2,043	)		1,202
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(814	)		25,146
Investing activities
Capital expenditures		(10,543	)		(9,223	)
Proceeds from sale of interest in Fabrix Systems Ltd.		—			4,769
Payment for acquisition, net of cash acquired		(1,827	)		—
Cash used for investments		(8,308	)		(350	)
Proceeds from sale and redemption of investments		4			626
Purchases of marketable securities		(17,209	)		(24,480	)
Proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities		16,848			18,720
Net cash used in investing activities		(21,035	)		(9,938	)
Financing activities
Dividends paid		(8,765	)		(8,626	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		(817	)		(1,220	)
Proceeds from sale of member interests in CS Pharma Holdings, LLC.		1,250			—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		835			—
Repayment of note payable		—			(6,353	)
Repurchases of Class B common stock		(1,838	)		(4,773	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(9,335	)		(20,972	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(829	)		(5,083	)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(32,013	)		(10,847	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		109,537			110,361
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	77,524		$	99,514
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities
Reclassification of liability for member interests in CS Pharma Holdings, LLC	$	8,750		$	—

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4

IDT CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1—Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of IDT Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “IDT”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2017. The balance sheet at July 31, 2016 has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2016, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The Company’s fiscal year ends on July 31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2017 refers to the fiscal year ending July 31, 2017).

Note 2—Zedge Spin-Off

On June 1, 2016, the Company completed a pro rata distribution of the common stock that the Company held in the Company’s subsidiary, Zedge, Inc. (“Zedge”), to the Company’s stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 26, 2016 (the “Zedge Spin-Off”). The disposition of Zedge did not meet the criteria to be reported as a discontinued operation and accordingly, its assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows have not been reclassified. In connection with the Zedge Spin-Off, each of the Company’s stockholders received one share of Zedge Class A common stock for every three shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, and one share of Zedge Class B common stock for every three shares of the Company’s Class B common stock, held of record as of the close of business on May 26, 2016. The Company received a legal opinion that the Zedge Spin-Off should qualify as a tax-free transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

In August 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan to reorganize the Company into three separate entities by spinning off its non-core business and assets to its stockholders, one of which was Zedge. The remaining components of the reorganization are subject to change in response to changed circumstance or intervening events, as well as both internal and third party contingencies, and must receive final approval from the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company continues to advance the effort on the remainder of the reorganization.

Zedge’s income before income taxes and income before income taxes attributable to the Company, which is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income, were as follows:

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended January 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Income before income taxes	$	—	$	1,976	$	—	$	2,226
Income before income taxes attributable to IDT Corporation	$	—	$	1,757	$	—	$	1,978

Note 3—Investment in Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Cornerstone”) is a clinical stage, oncology-focused pharmaceutical company committed to the development and commercialization of therapies targeting cancer metabolism that exploit the metabolic differences between normal cells and cancer cells. The Company’s initial $2 million investment in Cornerstone was funded as follows: $500,000 upon signing the Subscription and Loan Agreement on January 21, 2016, $50,000 on March 23, 2016, and $1.45 million on April 14, 2016. The initial $2 million investment was in exchange for Cornerstone’s 3.5% convertible promissory notes due 2018. The remaining $8 million was funded in August and September 2016. In September 2016, Cornerstone issued to the Company’s controlled 50%-owned subsidiary, CS Pharma Holdings, LLC (“CS Pharma”), a convertible promissory note with a principal amount of $10 million (the “Series D Note”) representing the $8 million investment funded on such date plus the conversion of the $2 million principal amount convertible promissory notes issued in connection with the previous funding.

5

On January 4, 2017, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors approved an arrangement with Howard S. Jonas, the Company’s Chairman of the Board, and Chairman of the Board of Cornerstone, pursuant to which, on March 2, 2017, the Company sold 10% of the Company’s direct and indirect interest and rights in Cornerstone to Mr. Jonas for a purchase price of $1 million. Howard Jonas and Deborah Jonas jointly own $525,000 of Series C Convertible Notes of Cornerstone, and The Howard S. and Deborah Jonas Foundation owns an additional $525,000 of Series C Notes of Cornerstone.

The Cornerstone Series D Note earns interest at 3.5% per annum, with principal and accrued interest due and payable on September 16, 2018. The Series D Note is convertible at the holder’s option into shares of Cornerstone’s Series D Preferred Stock. The Series D Note also includes a mandatory conversion into Cornerstone common stock upon a qualified initial public offering, and conversion at the holder’s option upon an unqualified financing event. In all cases, the Series D Note conversion price is based on the applicable financing purchase price. The Company and CS Pharma were issued warrants to purchase shares of capital stock of Cornerstone representing in the aggregate up to 56% of the then issued and outstanding capital stock of Cornerstone, on an as-converted and fully diluted basis. The right to exercise warrants as to the first $10 million thereof is held by CS Pharma and the remainder is owned by the Company. The exercise price of the warrant is the lower of 70% of the price sold in an equity financing, or $1.25 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The minimum initial and subsequent exercises of the warrant shall be for such number of shares that will result in at least $5 million of gross proceeds to Cornerstone, or such lesser amount as represents 5% of the outstanding capital stock of Cornerstone, or such lesser amount as may then remain unexercised. The warrant will expire upon the earlier of December 31, 2020 or a qualified initial public offering or liquidation event.

Cornerstone is a variable interest entity, however, the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary as the Company does not have the power to direct the activities of Cornerstone that most significantly impact Cornerstone’s economic performance. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, the Company’s investment in Cornerstone was $10.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively, which was included in “Investments” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. At January 31, 2017, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with Cornerstone was its $10.0 million investment, since there were no other arrangements, events or circumstances that could expose the Company to additional loss.

In addition to interests issued to the Company, CS Pharma has issued member interests to third parties in exchange for cash investment in CS Pharma of $10 million. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, CS Pharma had received $10.0 million and $8.8 million, respectively, of such investment. At July 31, 2016, the $8.8 million received was included in “Other current liabilities” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet pending the issuance of the member interests. The Company holds a 50% interest in CS Pharma and is the managing member. It is expected that CS Pharma will use its cash to invest in Cornerstone.

Note 4—Marketable Securities

The following is a summary of marketable securities:

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities:
January 31, 2017:
Certificates of deposit*	$	19,335	$	2	$	(1	)	$	19,336
Federal Government Sponsored Enterprise notes		6,331		—		(23	)		6,308
International agency notes		653		—		(10	)		643
Mutual funds		5,223		15		(1	)		5,237
Corporate bonds		3,290		6		(13	)		3,283
Equity		379		42		—			421
U.S. Treasury notes		5,035		2		(68	)		4,969
Municipal bonds		13,082		3		(9	)		13,076
Total	$	53,328	$	70	$	(125	)	$	53,273
July 31, 2016:
Certificates of deposit*	$	17,690	$	6	$	—		$	17,696
Federal Government Sponsored Enterprise notes		3,457		17		—			3,474
International agency notes		409		5		—			414
Mutual funds		5,121		—		(39	)		5,082
Corporate bonds		3,633		40		—			3,673
Equity		2,463		—		(140	)		2,323
U.S. Treasury notes		4,946		95		(1	)		5,040
Municipal bonds		15,222		26		(1	)		15,247
Total	$	52,941	$	189	$	(181	)	$	52,949

* Each of the Company’s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP, was purchased in the secondary market through a broker, and may be sold in the secondary market.

6

In January 2017, the Company received 23,227 shares of Zedge Class B common stock in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on Zedge restricted stock held by certain of the Company’s employees and the payment of taxes related thereto. As part of the Zedge Spin-Off, holders of the Company’s restricted Class B common stock received, in respect of those restricted shares, one share of Zedge’s Class B common stock for every three restricted shares of the Company that they held as of the record date for the Zedge Spin-Off. The Company received the Zedge shares in exchange for the payment of an aggregate of $74,000 for the employees’ tax withholding obligations upon the vesting event. The number of shares was determined based on their fair market value on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date. At January 31, 2017, the Zedge shares owned by the Company had a fair value of $77,000.

Proceeds from maturities and sales of available-for-sale securities were $10.8 million and $9.9 million in the three months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $16.8 million and $18.7 million in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, gross realized gains included in earnings as a result of sales were $0.3 million. In the six months ended January 31, 2016, gross realized gains included in earnings as a result of sales were $0.5 million. There were no gross realized gains (losses) included in earnings as a result of sales in the three months ended January 31, 2016. The Company uses the specific identification method in computing the gross realized gains and gross realized losses on the sales of marketable securities.

The contractual maturities of the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities at January 31, 2017 were as follows:

	Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Within one year	$	26,264
After one year through five years		18,266
After five years through ten years		2,369
After ten years		716
Total	$	47,615

The following available-for-sale securities were in an unrealized loss position for which other-than-temporary impairments have not been recognized:

	Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
January 31, 2017:
Certificates of deposit	$	1	$	3,164
Federal Government Sponsored Enterprise notes		23		6,265
International agency notes		10		643
Mutual funds		1		2,600
Corporate bonds		13		2,239
U.S. Treasury notes		68		4,408
Municipal bonds		9		9,878
Total	$	125	$	29,197
July 31, 2016:
Mutual funds	$	39	$	5,082
Equity		140		2,323
U.S. Treasury notes		1		199
Municipal bonds		1		3,112
Total	$	181	$	10,716

At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, there were no securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer.

7

Note 5—Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	Level 1 (1)		Level 2 (2)		Level 3 (3)		Total
	(in thousands)
January 31, 2017
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities	$	10,627	$	42,646	$	—	$	53,273
July 31, 2016
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities	$	12,445	$	40,504	$	—	$	52,949

(1) – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

(2) – observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

(3) – no observable pricing inputs in the market

At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, the Company had $8.4 million and $8.1 million, respectively, in investments in hedge funds, which were included in “Investments” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s investments in hedge funds are accounted for using the equity method or the cost method, therefore investments in hedge funds are not measured at fair value.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The estimated fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting these data to develop estimates of fair value. Consequently, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange.

Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, other current assets, customer deposits and other current liabilities. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value because of the short period of time to maturity. The fair value estimates for cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents were classified as Level 1 and other current assets, customer deposits and other current liabilities were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Other assets and other liabilities. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value. The fair values were estimated based on the Company’s assumptions, which were classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s investments at January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016 included investments in the equity of certain privately held entities and other investments that are accounted for at cost. It is not practicable to estimate the fair value of these investments because of the lack of a quoted market price for the shares of these entities, and the inability to estimate their fair value without incurring excessive cost. The carrying value of these investments was $15.4 million and $7.0 million at January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, respectively, which the Company believes was not impaired.

8

Note 6—Derivative Instruments

Prior to the Zedge Spin-Off, the primary risk managed by the Company using derivative instruments was foreign exchange risk. Foreign exchange forward contracts were entered into as hedges against unfavorable fluctuations in the U.S. dollar – Norwegian krone (“NOK”) exchange rate. Zedge is based in Norway and much of its operations are located in Norway. Subsequent to the Zedge Spin-Off, the Company provided hedging services to Zedge pursuant to its Transition Services Agreement until Zedge established a credit facility and was able to enter into foreign exchange contracts. The Company did not apply hedge accounting to these contracts, therefore the changes in fair value were recorded in earnings.

The effects of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income were as follows:

		Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives
Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as	Location of Gain (Loss)	Three Months Ended January 31,					Six Months Ended January 31,
hedging instruments	Recognized on Derivatives	2017		2016			2017		2016
		(in thousands)
Foreign exchange forwards	Other (expense) income, net	$	—	$	(123	)	$	—	$	(225	)

Note 7—Equity

Changes in the components of equity were as follows:

	Six Months Ended January 31, 2017
	Attributable to IDT Corporation			Noncontrolling Interests			Total
	(in thousands)
Balance, July 31, 2016	$	123,797		$	406		$	124,203
Dividends declared ($0.38 per share)		(8,765	)		—			(8,765	)
Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees		(1,838	)		—			(1,838	)
Exercise of stock options		835			—			835
Issuance of member interests in CS Pharma Holdings, LLC (see Note 3)		1,850			8,150			10,000
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		—			(817	)		(817	)
Stock-based compensation		2,128			—			2,128
Comprehensive income:
Net income		22,794			758			23,552
Other comprehensive loss		(2,466	)		—			(2,466	)
Comprehensive income		20,328			758			21,086
Balance, January 31, 2017	$	138,335		$	8,497		$	146,832

Dividend Payments

In the six months ended January 31, 2017, the Company paid cash dividends of $0.38 per share on its Class A common stock and Class B common stock, or $8.8 million in total. In the six months ended January 31, 2016, the Company paid cash dividends of $0.37 per share on its Class A common stock and Class B common stock, or $8.6 million in total.

In March 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.19 per share for the second quarter of fiscal 2017 to holders of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The dividend will be paid on or about March 24, 2017 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 17, 2017.

Stock Repurchases

The Company has a stock repurchase program for the repurchase of up to an aggregate of 8.0 million shares of the Company’s Class B common stock. There were no repurchases under the program in the six months ended January 31, 2017. In the six months ended January 31, 2016, the Company repurchased 398,376 shares of Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $4.6 million. At January 31, 2017, 8.0 million shares remained available for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.

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In the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company paid $1.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively, to repurchase 94,338 shares and 11,250 shares of Class B common stock, respectively, that were tendered by employees of the Company to satisfy the employees’ tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on awards of restricted stock. Such shares were repurchased by the Company based on their fair market value on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.

2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan

On December 14, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company’s Class B common stock available for the grant of awards thereunder by an additional 0.1 million shares.

The Company received proceeds from the exercise of its stock options of $0.8 million in the six months ended January 31, 2017. There were no stock option exercises in the six months ended January 31, 2016. In the six months ended January 31, 2017, the Company issued 73,471 shares of its Class B common stock for the stock option exercises.

Note 8—Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect of such increase is anti-dilutive.

The weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company’s common stockholders consists of the following:

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended January 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Basic weighted-average number of shares		22,768		22,799		22,740		22,867
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options		77		—		58		—
Non-vested restricted Class B common stock		118		—		133		17
Diluted weighted-average number of shares		22,963		22,799		22,931		22,884

The following outstanding stock options were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of the stock option was greater than the average market price of the Company’s stock during the period:

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended January 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share		3		265		18		266

Note 9—Revolving Credit Loan Payable

The Company’s subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc., entered into a credit agreement, dated July 12, 2012, with TD Bank, N.A. for a line of credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $25.0 million. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working capital requirements, acquisitions and for other general corporate purposes. The line of credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom’s assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum, at the option of IDT Telecom, at either (a) the U.S. Prime Rate less 125 basis points, or (b) the LIBOR rate adjusted by the Regulation D maximum reserve requirement plus 150 basis points. Interest is payable monthly and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on the maturity date of January 31, 2018. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, there were no amounts outstanding under the facility. The Company intends to borrow under the facility from time to time. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee of 0.375% per annum on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $25.0 million commitment. IDT Telecom is required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain financial targets and ratios during the term of the line of credit, including IDT Telecom may not pay any dividend on its capital stock and IDT Telecom’s aggregate loans and advances to affiliates or subsidiaries may not exceed $110.0 million. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, there were no amounts utilized for letters of credit under the line of credit, IDT Telecom was in compliance with all of the covenants, and IDT Telecom’s aggregate loans and advances to affiliates and subsidiaries was $105.0 million and $91.1 million, respectively.

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Note 10—Accrued Severance Expense

In July 2016, the Company completed a reduction of its workforce and incurred severance expense of $6.3 million in fiscal 2016. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, there was accrued severance of $2.3 million and $5.7 million, respectively, included in “Accrued expenses” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for the July 2016 workforce reduction.

Note 11—Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive loss were as follows:

	Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Foreign Currency Translation			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized
	(in thousands)
Balance, July 31, 2016	$	8		$	(3,752	)	$	(3,744	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation before reclassifications		242			(2,403	)		(2,161	)
Less: reclassification for gain included in net income		(305	)		—			(305	)	Other (expense) income, net
Net other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation		(63	)		(2,403	)		(2,466	)
Balance, January 31, 2017	$	(55	)	$	(6,155	)	$	(6,210	)

Note 12—Business Segment Information

The Company has three reportable business segments, Telecom Platform Services, Unified Communications as a Service (“UCaaS”) and Consumer Phone Services. The Company’s reportable segments are distinguished by types of service, customers and methods used to provide their services. The operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker.

The Telecom Platform Services segment provides retail telecommunications and payment offerings as well as wholesale international long distance traffic termination. The Consumer Phone Services segment provides consumer local and long distance services in certain U.S. states.

Beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, UCaaS is a separate reportable segment. The UCaaS segment is comprised of offerings from the Company’s net2phone division, including (1) cable telephony, (2) hosted PBX, (3) SIP trunking, which supports inbound and outbound domestic and international calling from an IP PBX, and (4) PicuP, a highly-automated business phone service that answers, routes and manages voice calls. The operations that comprise the UCaaS segment were included in the Telecom Platform Services segment from the inception of each until July 31, 2016. Comparative results have been reclassified and restated as if UCaaS was a separate segment in all periods presented.

Telecom Platform Services, UCaaS and Consumer Phone Services comprise the IDT Telecom division.

Operating segments not reportable individually are included in All Other. All Other includes the Company’s real estate holdings and other smaller businesses. Prior to the Zedge Spin-Off, All Other included Zedge, which provides a content platform that enables consumers to personalize their mobile devices with free ringtones, wallpapers, home screen app icons and notification sounds. Corporate costs include certain services, such as compensation, consulting fees, treasury and accounts payable, tax and accounting services, human resources and payroll, corporate purchasing, corporate governance including Board of Directors’ fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate legal, business development, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses including, among others, facilities costs, charitable contributions and travel, as well as depreciation expense on corporate assets. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any direct cost of revenues.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. The Company evaluates the performance of its business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations. IDT Telecom depreciation and amortization are allocated to Telecom Platform Services, UCaaS and Consumer Phone Services because the related assets are not tracked separately by segment. There are no other significant asymmetrical allocations to segments.

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Operating results for the business segments of the Company are as follows:

(in thousands)	Telecom Platform Services			UCaaS			Consumer Phone Services		All Other		Corporate			Total
Three Months Ended January 31, 2017
Revenues	$	358,528		$	7,142		$	1,396	$	490	$	—		$	367,556
Income (loss) from operations		6,948			(464	)		239		82		(3,677	)		3,128
Other operating expense		—			—			—		—		(889	)		(889	)
Three Months Ended January 31, 2016
Revenues	$	370,575		$	6,117		$	1,766	$	3,996	$	—		$	382,454
Income (loss) from operations		6,878			(576	)		289		1,845		(2,059	)		6,377
Other operating expense		(326	)		—			—		—		—			(326	)
Six Months Ended January 31, 2017
Revenues	$	718,550		$	14,278		$	2,885	$	994	$	—		$	736,707
Income (loss) from operations		13,192			(639	)		540		172		(4,951	)		8,314
Other operating expense		—			—			—		—		(1,088	)		(1,088	)
Six Months Ended January 31, 2016
Revenues	$	749,217		$	13,163		$	3,595	$	7,057	$	—		$	773,032
Income (loss) from operations		16,905			(878	)		629		2,275		(4,628	)		14,303
Other operating expense		(326	)		—			—		—		—			(326	)

Note 13—Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

On May 5, 2004, the Company filed a complaint in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, seeking injunctive relief and damages against Tyco Group, S.A.R.L., Tyco Telecommunications (US) Inc. (f/k/a TyCom (US) Inc.), Tyco International, Ltd., Tyco International (US) Inc., and TyCom Ltd. (collectively “Tyco”). The Company alleged that Tyco breached a settlement agreement that it had entered into with the Company to resolve certain disputes and civil actions among the parties. The Company alleged that Tyco did not provide the Company, as required under the settlement agreement, free of charge and for the Company’s exclusive use, a 15-year indefeasible right to use four Wavelengths in Ring Configuration (as defined in the settlement agreement) on a global undersea fiber optic network that Tyco was deploying at that time. After extensive proceedings, including several decisions and appeals, the New York Court of Appeals affirmed a lower court decision to dismiss the Company’s claim and denied the Company’s motion for re-argument of that decision. On June 23, 2015, the Company filed a new summons and complaint against Tyco in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York alleging that Tyco breached the settlement agreement. In September 2015, Tyco filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, which the Company opposed. Oral argument was held on March 9, 2016. On October 17, 2016, the judge granted Tyco’s motion and dismissed the complaint. On November 17, 2016, the Company filed a Notice of Appeal.

In addition to the foregoing, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and have not been finally adjudicated. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company believes that none of the other legal proceedings to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Purchase Commitments

The Company had purchase commitments of $1.7 million at January 31, 2017.

Letters of Credit

At January 31, 2017, the Company had letters of credit outstanding totaling $0.1 million for IDT Telecom’s business. The letters of credit outstanding at January 31, 2017 expire in the twelve-month period ending January 31, 2018.

Performance Bonds

IDT Payment Services and IDT Telecom have performance bonds issued through third parties for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states’ financial requirements for money remittance licenses and telecommunications resellers, respectively. At January 31, 2017, the Company had aggregate performance bonds of $13.8 million outstanding.

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Customer Deposits

At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, “Customer deposits” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets included refundable customer deposits of $87.5 million and $95.8 million, respectively, related to IDT Financial Services Ltd., the Company’s Gibraltar-based bank.

Substantially Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company treats unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services and IDT Financial Services Ltd. as substantially restricted and unavailable for other purposes. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, “Cash and cash equivalents” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets included an aggregate of $10.7 million and $16.0 million, respectively, held by IDT Payment Services and IDT Financial Services Ltd. that was unavailable for other purposes.

Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

Restricted cash and cash equivalents consist of the following:

	January 31, 2017		July 31, 2016
	(in thousands)
IDT Financial Services customer deposits	$	89,134	$	98,500
Related to letters of credit		97		122
Other		189		200
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents	$	89,420	$	98,822

Other Contingencies

On July 31, 2013, the Company completed a pro rata distribution of the common stock of the Company’s subsidiary Straight Path Communications Inc. (“Straight Path”) to the Company’s stockholders. On September 20, 2016, the Company received a letter of inquiry from the Enforcement Bureau of the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) requesting certain information and materials related to an investigation of potential violations by Straight Path Spectrum LLC (formerly a subsidiary of the Company and currently a subsidiary of Straight Path) in connection with licenses to operate on the 28 GHz and 39 GHz bands of the Fixed Microwave Services. The Company has been cooperating with the FCC in this matter and has responded to the letter of inquiry. In the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, the Company incurred legal fees of $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, related to this inquiry, which is included in “Other operating expense” in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. As disclosed in Straight Path’s filings with the SEC, Straight Path has entered into a consent decree with the FCC that terminates the FCC’s related investigation against Straight Path.

If the FCC were to pursue separate action against the Company, the FCC could seek to fine or impose regulatory penalties or civil liability on the Company related to activities during the period of ownership by the Company. Further, the Company could be the subject of a claim from Straight Path for indemnification related to its liability related to the consent decree. The Company would vigorously defend against any such claims or actions.

Note 14—Other (Expense) Income, Net

Other (expense) income, net consists of the following:

	Three Months Ended January 31,						Six Months Ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains	$	(729	)	$	(1,096	)	$	1,330	$	(2,258	)
Gain on sale of marketable securities		305			—			305		543
Gain on investments		32			236			295		80
Other		(27	)		626			44		791
Total other (expense) income, net	$	(419	)	$	(234	)	$	1,974	$	(844	)

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Note 15—Income Taxes

In the six months ended January 31, 2017, the Company determined that its valuation allowance on the losses of Elmion Netherlands B.V., a Netherlands subsidiary, was no longer required due to an internal reorganization that generated income and a projection of net income in future periods. The Company recorded a benefit from income taxes of $16.6 million in the six months ended January 31, 2017 from the full recognition of the Elmion Netherlands B.V. deferred tax assets.

Note 16—Recently Issued Accounting Standard Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and the International Accounting Standards Board jointly issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede most of the current revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). The goals of the revenue recognition project were to clarify and converge the revenue recognition principles under U.S. GAAP and IFRS and to develop guidance that would streamline and enhance revenue recognition requirements. The Company will adopt this standard on August 1, 2018. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. The Company is evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) to provide more information about recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. The amendments in the ASU include, among other changes, the following: (1) equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method or that result in consolidation) will be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, (2) a qualitative assessment each reporting period to identify impairment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values, (3) financial assets and financial liabilities will be presented separately by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the notes to the financial statements, and (4) an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. Entities will no longer be able to recognize unrealized holding gains and losses on equity securities classified as available-for-sale in other comprehensive income. In addition, a practicability exception will be available for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and do not qualify for the net asset value practical expedient. These investments may be measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Entities will have to reassess at each reporting period whether an investment qualifies for this practicability exception. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact that the ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2019. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. The new standard simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences and classification on the statement of cash flows. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2017. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances instead of reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more information about allowances, credit quality indicators and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2020. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that includes specific guidance on the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this ASU require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents will be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of the period and end of the period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The ASU will be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The adoption will impact the Company’s beginning of the period and end of the period cash and cash equivalents balance in its statement of cash flows, as well as its net cash provided by operating activities.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the associated notes thereto of this Quarterly Report, and the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2016, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (or SEC).

As used below, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “the Company,” “IDT,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to IDT Corporation, a Delaware corporation, its predecessor, International Discount Telecommunications, Corp., a New York corporation, and their subsidiaries, collectively.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including statements that contain the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” and similar words and phrases. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected in any forward-looking statement. In addition to the factors specifically noted in the forward-looking statements, other important factors, risks and uncertainties that could result in those differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under Item 1A to Part I “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2016. The forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report and we assume no obligation to update the forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Investors should consult all of the information set forth in this report and the other information set forth from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2016.

Overview

We are a multinational holding company with operations primarily in the telecommunications and payment industries. We have three reportable business segments, Telecom Platform Services, Unified Communications as a Service, or UCaaS, and Consumer Phone Services. Telecom Platform Services provides retail telecommunications and payment offerings as well as wholesale international long distance traffic termination. The UCaaS segment is comprised of offerings from our net2phone division, including (1) cable telephony, (2) hosted PBX, (3) SIP trunking, which supports inbound and outbound domestic and international calling from an IP PBX, and (4) PicuP, a highly-automated business phone service that answers, routes and manages voice calls. Consumer Phone Services provides consumer local and long distance services in certain U.S. states. Telecom Platform Services, UCaaS and Consumer Phone Services comprise our IDT Telecom division. Operating segments not reportable individually are included in All Other. All Other includes our real estate holdings and other smaller businesses. Until the spin-off of Zedge, Inc., or Zedge, in June 2016, All Other included Zedge, which provides a content platform that enables consumers to personalize their mobile devices with free ringtones, wallpapers, home screen app icons and notification sounds.

Since our inception, we have derived the majority of our revenues and operating expenses from IDT Telecom’s businesses. IDT Telecom’s revenues represented 99.9% and 99.1% of our total revenues in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

On June 1, 2016, we completed the Zedge Spin-Off, which was a pro rata distribution of the common stock that we held in our subsidiary Zedge to our stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 26, 2016. The disposition of Zedge did not meet the criteria to be reported as a discontinued operation and accordingly, its assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows have not been reclassified. In connection with the Zedge Spin-Off, each of our stockholders received one share of Zedge Class A common stock for every three shares of our Class A common stock, and one share of Zedge Class B common stock for every three shares of our Class B common stock, held of record as of the close of business on May 26, 2016. We received a legal opinion that the Zedge Spin-Off should qualify as a tax-free transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

In August 2015, our Board of Directors approved a plan to reorganize us into three separate entities by spinning off our non-core business and assets to our stockholders, one of which was Zedge. The remaining components of the reorganization are subject to change in response to changed circumstance or intervening events, as well as both internal and third party contingencies, and must receive final approval from our Board of Directors. We continue to advance the effort on the remainder of the reorganization.

Investment in Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Cornerstone, is a clinical stage, oncology-focused pharmaceutical company committed to the development and commercialization of therapies targeting cancer metabolism that exploit the metabolic differences between normal cells and cancer cells. Our controlled 50%-owned subsidiary, CS Pharma Holdings, LLC, or CS Pharma, holds Cornerstone’s convertible promissory note with a principal amount of $10 million (the Series D Note).

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On January 4, 2017, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors approved an arrangement with Howard S. Jonas, our Chairman of the Board, and Chairman of the Board of Cornerstone, pursuant to which, on March 2, 2017, we sold 10% of our direct and indirect interest and rights in Cornerstone to Mr. Jonas for a purchase price of $1 million. Howard Jonas and Deborah Jonas jointly own $525,000 of Series C Convertible Notes of Cornerstone, and The Howard S. and Deborah Jonas Foundation owns an additional $525,000 of Series C Notes of Cornerstone.

The Cornerstone Series D Note earns interest at 3.5% per annum, with principal and accrued interest due and payable on September 16, 2018. The Series D Note is convertible at the holder’s option into shares of Cornerstone’s Series D Preferred Stock. The Series D Note also includes a mandatory conversion into Cornerstone common stock upon a qualified initial public offering, and conversion at the holder’s option upon an unqualified financing event. In all cases, the Series D Note conversion price is based on the applicable financing purchase price. We and CS Pharma were issued warrants to purchase shares of capital stock of Cornerstone representing in the aggregate up to 56% of the then issued and outstanding capital stock of Cornerstone, on an as-converted and fully diluted basis. The right to exercise warrants as to the first $10 million thereof is held by CS Pharma and the remainder is owned by us. The exercise price of the warrant is the lower of 70% of the price sold in an equity financing, or $1.25 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The minimum initial and subsequent exercises of the warrant shall be for such number of shares that will result in at least $5 million of gross proceeds to Cornerstone, or such lesser amount as represents 5% of the outstanding capital stock of Cornerstone, or such lesser amount as may then remain unexercised. The warrant will expire upon the earlier of December 31, 2020 or a qualified initial public offering or liquidation event.

In addition to interests issued to us, CS Pharma has issued member interests to third parties in exchange for cash investment in CS Pharma of $10 million. We hold a 50% interest in CS Pharma and we are the managing member. It is expected that CS Pharma will use its cash to invest in Cornerstone.

Cornerstone is a variable interest entity, however, we have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary as we do not have the power to direct the activities of Cornerstone that most significantly impact Cornerstone’s economic performance.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended July 31, 2016. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Critical accounting policies are those that require application of management’s most subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Our critical accounting policies include those related to the allowance for doubtful accounts, goodwill, valuation of long-lived and intangible assets, income taxes and regulatory agency fees, and IDT Telecom direct cost of revenues—disputed amounts. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. For additional discussion of our critical accounting policies, see our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended July 31, 2016.

Recently Issued Accounting Standard Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, and the International Accounting Standards Board jointly issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede most of the current revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS. The goals of the revenue recognition project were to clarify and converge the revenue recognition principles under U.S. GAAP and IFRS and to develop guidance that would streamline and enhance revenue recognition requirements. We will adopt this standard on August 1, 2018. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. We are evaluating the impact that the standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued an Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, to provide more information about recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. The amendments in the ASU include, among other changes, the following: (1) equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method or that result in consolidation) will be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, (2) a qualitative assessment each reporting period to identify impairment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values, (3) financial assets and financial liabilities will be presented separately by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the notes to the financial statements, and (4) an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. Entities will no longer be able to recognize unrealized holding gains and losses on equity securities classified as available-for-sale in other comprehensive income. In addition, a practicability exception will be available for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and do not qualify for the net asset value practical expedient. These investments may be measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Entities will have to reassess at each reporting period whether an investment qualifies for this practicability exception. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. We are evaluating the impact that the ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.

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In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use, or ROU, model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. We will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2019. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. We are evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. The new standard simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences and classification on the statement of cash flows. We will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2017. We are evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances instead of reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more information about allowances, credit quality indicators and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. We will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2020. We are evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that includes specific guidance on the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this ASU require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents will be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of the period and end of the period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The ASU will be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The adoption will impact our beginning of the period and end of the period cash and cash equivalents balance in our statement of cash flows, as well as our net cash provided by operating activities.

Results of Operations

Three and Six Months Ended January 31, 2017 Compared to Three and Six Months Ended January 31, 2016

We evaluate the performance of our operating business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations. Accordingly, the income and expense line items below income (loss) from operations are only included in our discussion of the consolidated results of operations.

IDT Telecom—Telecom Platform Services, UCaaS and Consumer Phone Services Segments

Telecom Platform Services, which represented 97.5% and 96.9% of our total revenues in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, markets and distributes multiple communications and payment services across three broad business verticals:

● Retail Communications provides international long-distance calling products primarily to foreign-born communities worldwide, with its core markets in the United States;

● Wholesale Carrier Services is a global telecom carrier, terminating international long distance calls around the world for Tier 1 fixed line and mobile network operators, as well as other service providers; and

● Payment Services provides payment offerings, including international and domestic airtime top-up and international money transfer.

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As described below, the decreases in Telecom Platform Services’ minutes of use and revenues in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016, as well as the increase in direct cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues, reflect the collapse of rates industry wide in the U.S. to Mexico corridor plus longer term secular trends impacting the telecom industry. These include increased competition from wireless network operators, mobile virtual network operators and alternative communications solutions such as over-the-top voice and messaging. In anticipation of these developments, in recent years, we have increased investment in long term growth initiatives that mitigate the impact from those trends. We have also been reducing our selling, general and administrative expenses and streamlining operations.

Beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, UCaaS is a separate reportable segment. The UCaaS segment is comprised of offerings from our net2phone division, including (1) cable telephony, (2) hosted PBX, (3) SIP trunking, which supports inbound and outbound domestic and international calling from an IP PBX, and (4) PicuP, a highly-automated business phone service that answers, routes and manages voice calls. The operations that comprise the UCaaS segment were included in the Telecom Platform Services segment from the inception of each until July 31, 2016. Comparative results have been reclassified and restated as if UCaaS was a separate segment in all periods presented.

	Three months ended January 31,				Change						Six months ended January 31,				Change
	2017		2016		$			%			2017		2016		$			%
	(in millions)
Revenues
Telecom Platform Services	$	358.5	$	370.6	$	(12.1	)		(3.3	)%	$	718.5	$	749.2	$	(30.7	)		(4.1	)%
UCaaS		7.2		6.1		1.1			16.7			14.3		13.2		1.1			8.5
Consumer Phone Services		1.4		1.8		(0.4	)		(21.0	)		2.9		3.6		(0.7	)		(19.7	)
Total revenues	$	367.1	$	378.5	$	(11.4	)		(3.0	)%	$	735.7	$	766.0	$	(30.3	)		(4.0	)%

Revenues. IDT Telecom revenues decreased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 due to decreases in both Telecom Platform Services’ and Consumer Phone Services’ revenues. Telecom Platform Services’ revenues, minutes of use and average revenue per minute for the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 consisted of the following:

	Three months ended January 31,				Change						Six months ended January 31,				Change
	2017		2016		$/#			%			2017		2016		$/#			%
	(in millions, except revenue per minute)
Telecom Platform Services Revenues
Retail Communications	$	153.2	$	166.9	$	(13.7	)		(8.2	)%	$	310.2	$	338.2	$	(28.0	)		(8.3	)%
Wholesale Carrier Services		145.8		150.4		(4.6	)		(3.1	)		289.1		302.1		(13.0	)		(4.3	)
Payment Services		59.5		53.3		6.2			11.8			119.2		108.9		10.3			9.5
Total Telecom Platform Services revenues	$	358.5	$	370.6	$	(12.1	)		(3.3	)%	$	718.5	$	749.2	$	(30.7	)		(4.1	)%
Minutes of use
Retail Communications		1,708		2,043		(335	)		(16.4	)%		3,536		4,109		(573	)		(13.9	)%
Wholesale Carrier Services		5,057		4,796		261			5.5			9,405		9,671		(266	)		(2.8	)
Total minutes of use		6,765		6,839		(74	)		(1.1	)%		12,941		13,780		(839	)		(6.1	)%
Average revenue per minute
Retail Communications	$	0.0897	$	0.0817	$	0.0080			9.8	%	$	0.0877	$	0.0823	$	0.0054			6.6	%
Wholesale Carrier Services		0.0288		0.0314		(0.0026	)		(8.1	)		0.0307		0.0312		(0.0005	)		(1.6	)

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Retail Communications’ revenue decreased 8.2% and 8.3% in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016. Revenue from our Boss Revolution international calling service, which is Retail Communications’ most significant offering, declined 5.5% and 5.3% in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 due primarily to the continuing decline in minutes of use and revenue from calls made in the U.S. and terminating in Mexico. In July 2016, we significantly reduced Boss Revolution’s U.S. to Mexico calling rate because many of our competitors, including some of the large U.S. mobile operators, were offering unlimited Mexico calling as part of their monthly pricing plans. Revenue from Boss Revolution calls made in the U.S. and terminating in Mexico were relatively stable in the three months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2017. We believe declines in this corridor going forward will not be as significant to Retail Communications’ revenue. In addition, the decrease in Retail Communications’ revenue in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 was due to continuing revenue declines in Europe, South America and Asia, and continuing revenue declines from traditional disposable calling cards in the U.S. Retail Communications’ minutes of use decreased 16.4% and 13.9% in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 because of decreases in Boss Revolution and traditional disposable calling cards’ minutes of use. In addition, minutes of use decreased in Europe, South America and Asia in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016. In March 2017, we launched the updated Boss Revolution calling app that includes free app-to-app calling and messaging. The Boss Revolution calling app also integrates seamlessly with the new Boss Revolution Money app, which features international money transfers, mobile airtime top-up and electronic gift cards. The updated calling app, which is available in several languages in the iTunes and Google Play stores, is expected to increase Boss Revolution’s market penetration and enhance the brand. Retail Communications’ revenue comprised 43.2% and 45.1% of Telecom Platform Services’ revenue in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Wholesale Carrier Services’ revenue decreased 3.1% and 4.3% in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 primarily because of a decrease in revenues from small and medium sized carrier customers who utilize our web-based, prepaid termination services portal, as well as the absence of certain exchange rate driven arbitrage-pricing opportunities in Latin America that existed in the year ago periods, partially offset by an increase in carrier revenues. Wholesale Carrier Services minutes of use increased 5.5% in the three months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2016 primarily due to a 12.5% increase in carrier minutes of use in the three months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2016. Wholesale Carrier Services minutes of use decreased 2.8% in the six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2016 primarily due to a decrease in web-based prepaid termination services. Wholesale Carrier Services’ revenue comprised 40.2% and 40.3% of Telecom Platform Services’ revenue in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Payment Services’ revenue increased 11.8% and 9.5% in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 primarily due to increases in international airtime top-up revenue and revenue from our international money transfer service. We have money transmitter licenses in 48 of the 49 states that require such a license, as well as in Puerto Rico and Washington, D.C. Future growth in Payment Services is expected from geographic expansion of our international money transfer service into California and New York, the recent launch of the new Boss Revolution Money app that features international money transfers, mobile airtime top-up and electronic gift cards, and from expansion of our National Retail Solutions point-of-sale terminal business. Payment Services’ revenue comprised 16.6% and 14.6% of Telecom Platform Services’ revenue in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

UCaaS’ revenue increased 16.7% in the three months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2016 due to increases in hosted PBX, cable telephony and SIP trunking revenues. UCaaS’ revenue increased 8.5% in the six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2016 primarily due to increases in hosted PBX and cable telephony revenues, partially offset by a decline in SIP trunking revenues.

Consumer Phone Services’ revenues declined 21.0% and 19.7% in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 as we continued to operate the business in harvest mode. This strategy has been in effect since calendar 2005 when the FCC decided to terminate the UNE-P pricing regime, which resulted in significantly inferior economics in the operating model for this business. We anticipate that Consumer Phone Services’ customer base and revenues will continue to decline. Minutes of use relating to our Consumer Phone Services segment is not tracked as a meaningful business metric as the domestic traffic generated by this segment is not carried on our network, and the international traffic generated by this segment, though carried on our own network, is insignificant.

	Three months ended January 31,				Change						Six months ended January 31,				Change
	2017		2016		$			%			2017		2016		$			%
	(in millions)
Direct cost of revenues
Telecom Platform Services	$	307.3	$	315.5	$	(8.2	)		(2.6	)%	$	616.4	$	635.1	$	(18.7	)		(2.9	)%
UCaaS		2.9		3.1		(0.2	)		(7.5	)		6.2		6.9		(0.7	)		(10.0	)
Consumer Phone Services		0.7		0.8		(0.1	)		(18.2	)		1.3		1.6		(0.3	)		(20.5	)
Total direct cost of revenues	$	310.9	$	319.4	$	(8.5	)		(2.7	)%	$	623.9	$	643.6	$	(19.7	)		(3.1	)%

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	Three months ended January 31,									Six months ended January 31,
	2017			2016			Change			2017			2016			Change
Direct cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues
Telecom Platform Services		85.7	%		85.1	%		0.6	%		85.8	%		84.8	%		1.0	%
UCaaS		41.0			51.7			(10.7	)		43.5			52.5			(9.0	)
Consumer Phone Services		46.4			44.8			1.6			45.3			45.8			(0.5	)
Total		84.7	%		84.4	%		0.3	%		84.8	%		84.0	%		0.8	%

Direct Cost of Revenues. Direct cost of revenues in Telecom Platform Services decreased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 mainly due to the 1.1% and 6.1% decreases in Telecom Platform Services’ minutes of use in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016. Direct cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues in Telecom Platform Services increased 30 and 80 basis points in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 primarily because the decreases in Retail Communications’ and Wholesale Carrier Services’ revenues exceeded the decreases in their direct cost of revenues.

Direct cost of revenues in UCaaS decreased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 because of decreases in the direct cost of revenues in SIP trunking, and cable telephony service.

Direct cost of revenues in our Consumer Phone Services segment decreased the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 primarily as a result of the declining customer base.

	Three months ended January 31,				Change						Six months ended January 31,				Change
	2017		2016		$			%			2017		2016		$			%
	(in millions)
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Telecom Platform Services	$	40.2	$	43.9	$	(3.7	)		(8.4	)%	$	80.8	$	89.2	$	(8.4	)		(9.4	)%
UCaaS		3.8		2.8		1.0			33.5			7.1		5.8		1.3			22.5
Consumer Phone Services		0.5		0.7		(0.2	)		(25.8	)		1.0		1.3		(0.3	)		(21.5	)
Total selling, general and administrative expenses	$	44.5	$	47.4	$	(2.9	)		(6.1	)%	$	88.9	$	96.3	$	(7.4	)		(7.6	)%

Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses in our Telecom Platform Services segment decreased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 primarily due to decreases in employee compensation and legal fees. The decrease in employee compensation was the result of the headcount reductions in fiscal 2016 that were partially offset by annual payroll increases. As a percentage of Telecom Platform Services’ revenue, Telecom Platform Services’ selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 11.2% from 11.9% in the three months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and decreased to 11.2% from 11.9% in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Selling, general and administrative expenses in our UCaaS segment increased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 due to an increase in employee compensation from an increase in sales and information technology employees. In fiscal 2017, we expect sales and information technology employees in our UCaaS segment to continue to increase in order to increase UCaaS’ revenues.

Selling, general and administrative expenses in our Consumer Phone Services segment decreased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 as the cost structure for this segment continued to be right-sized to the needs of its declining revenue base.

	Three months ended January 31,				Change					Six months ended January 31,				Change
	2017		2016		$		%			2017		2016		$		%
	(in millions)
Depreciation and amortization
Telecom Platform Services	$	4.0	$	4.0	$	—		0.6	%	$	8.2	$	7.7	$	0.5		5.4	%
UCaaS		0.9		0.7		0.2		29.0			1.6		1.4		0.2		20.0
Consumer Phone Services		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		—
Total depreciation and amortization	$	4.9	$	4.7	$	0.2		4.8	%	$	9.8	$	9.1	$	0.7		7.6	%

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Depreciation and Amortization. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 was due to increases in depreciation of capitalized costs of consultants and employees developing internal use software to support our new products.

	Three months ended January 31,				Change						Six months ended January 31,				Change
	2017		2016		$			%			2017		2016		$			%
	(in millions)
Other operating expense
Telecom Platform Services	$	—	$	0.3	$	(0.3	)		(100.0	)%	$	—	$	0.3	$	(0.3	)		(100.0	)%
UCaaS		—		—		—			—			—		—		—			—
Consumer Phone Services		—		—		—			—			—		—		—			—
Total other operating expense	$	—	$	0.3	$	(0.3	)		(100.0	)%	$	—	$	0.3	$	(0.3	)		(100.0	)%

Other Operating Expense. Other operating expense in the three and six months ended January 31, 2016 was due to a loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment from the write-off of capitalized costs of certain projects that were terminated prior to completion.

	Three months ended January 31,						Change						Six months ended January 31,						Change
	2017			2016			$			%			2017			2016			$			%
	(in millions)
Income (loss) from operations
Telecom Platform Services	$	6.9		$	6.9		$	—			1.0	%	$	13.2		$	16.9		$	(3.7	)		(22.0	)%
UCaaS		(0.4	)		(0.6	)		0.2			19.4			(0.6	)		(0.9	)		0.3			27.2
Consumer Phone Services		0.2			0.3			(0.1	)		(17.2	)		0.5			0.6			(0.1	)		(14.0	)
Total income from operations	$	6.7		$	6.6		$	0.1			2.0	%	$	13.1		$	16.6		$	(3.5	)		(21.4	)%

All Other

Currently, we report aggregate results for all of our operating businesses other than IDT Telecom in All Other. On June 1, 2016, we completed the Zedge Spin-Off. The disposition of Zedge did not meet the criteria to be reported as a discontinued operation and accordingly, its assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows have not been reclassified.

	Three months ended January 31,				Change						Six months ended January 31,				Change
	2017		2016		$			%			2017		2016		$			%
	(in millions)
Revenues	$	0.5	$	4.0	$	(3.5	)		(87.7	)%	$	1.0	$	7.1	$	(6.1	)		(85.9	)%
Direct cost of revenues		—		0.3		(0.3	)		(100.0	)		—		0.6		(0.6	)		(100.0	)
Selling, general and administrative		—		1.6		(1.6	)		(100.0	)		—		3.3		(3.3	)		(100.0	)
Depreciation		0.4		0.3		0.1			33.5			0.8		0.9		(0.1	)		(11.7	)
Income from operations	$	0.1	$	1.8	$	(1.7	)		(95.6	)%	$	0.2	$	2.3	$	(2.1	)		(92.5	)%

Following are the results of operations of Zedge, which were included in All Other until the Zedge Spin-Off on June 1, 2016:

Zedge	Three months ended January 31,					Change						Six months ended January 31,				Change
	2017		2016			$			%			2017		2016		$			%
	(in millions)
Revenues	$	—	$	3.5		$	(3.5	)		(100.0	)%	$	—	$	6.1	$	(6.1	)		(100.0	)%
Direct cost of revenues		—		0.3			(0.3	)		(100.0	)		—		0.6		(0.6	)		(100.0	)
Selling, general and administrative		—		1.7			(1.7	)		(100.0	)		—		3.3		(3.3	)		(100.0	)
Depreciation		—		(0.2	)		0.2			100.0			—		0.1		(0.1	)		(100.0	)
Income from operations	$	—	$	1.7		$	(1.7	)		(100.0	)%	$	—	$	2.1	$	(2.1	)		(100.0	)%

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In April 2016, we entered into two leases for space in our headquarters building at 520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey. The first lease is for a portion of the sixth floor for an eleven-year term, of which the first six years are non-cancellable. The second lease is for a portion of the ground floor and basement for a term of ten years, seven months. The tenant under this lease has the right to extend the term for three consecutive periods of five years each. Rental income from the first lease commenced in December 2016, and rental income from the second lease commenced in March 2017.

Corporate

	Three months ended January 31,				Change					Six months ended January 31,				Change
	2017		2016		$		%			2017		2016		$			%
	(in millions)
General and administrative expenses	$	2.8	$	2.1	$	0.7		35.4	%	$	3.9	$	4.6	$	(0.7	)		(16.5	)%
Other operating expense		0.9		—		0.9		nm			1.1		—		1.1			nm
Loss from operations	$	3.7	$	2.1	$	1.6		78.6	%	$	5.0	$	4.6	$	0.4			7.0	%

nm—not meaningful

Corporate costs include compensation, consulting fees, treasury and accounts payable, tax and accounting services, human resources and payroll, corporate purchasing, corporate governance including Board of Directors’ fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate legal, business development, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses, including, among others, facilities costs, charitable contributions and travel, as well as depreciation expense on corporate assets. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any direct cost of revenues.

General and Administrative. The increase in Corporate general and administrative expenses in the three months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2016 was primarily due to increases in stock-based compensation and legal fees. The decrease in Corporate general and administrative expenses in the six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2016 was primarily due to decreases in employee compensation and legal fees, partially offset by an increase in stock-based compensation. As a percentage of our total consolidated revenues, Corporate general and administrative expenses were 0.8% and 0.5% in the three months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and 0.5% and 0.6% in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Other Operating Expense. In the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, we incurred legal fees of $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, related to a letter of inquiry from the Federal Communications Commission, or FCC, in connection with its investigation of potential license violations by Straight Path Spectrum LLC (formerly a subsidiary of ours).

Consolidated

The following is a discussion of our consolidated stock-based compensation expense, and our consolidated income and expense line items below income from operations.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense. Stock-based compensation expense included in consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses was $1.4 million and $0.9 million in the three months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $2.1 million and $1.6 million in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. At January 31, 2017, unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock-based compensation, including stock options and restricted stock, was an aggregate of $4.1 million. The unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting period that ends in 2020.

	Three months ended January 31,						Change						Six months ended January 31,						Change
	2017			2016			$			%			2017			2016			$			%
	(in millions)
Income from operations	$	3.1		$	6.4		$	(3.3	)		(50.9	)%	$	8.3		$	14.3		$	(6.0	)		(41.9	)%
Interest income, net		0.3			0.5			(0.2	)		(42.1	)		0.6			0.7			(0.1	)		(12.0	)
Other (expense) income, net		(0.4	)		(0.2	)		(0.2	)		(79.1	)		2.0			(0.8	)		2.8			333.9
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes		(1.7	)		(2.0	)		0.3			12.6			12.7			(4.9	)		17.6			357.7
Net income		1.3			4.7			(3.4	)		(73.0	)		23.6			9.3			14.3			154.9
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(0.4	)		(0.6	)		0.2			36.1			(0.8	)		(1.0	)		0.2			22.7
Net income attributable to IDT Corporation	$	0.9		$	4.1		$	(3.2	)		(78.5	)%	$	22.8		$	8.3		$	14.5			176.0	%

22

Other (Expense) Income, net. Other (expense) income, net consists of the following:

	Three months ended January 31,						Six months ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2017		2016
	(in millions)
Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains	$	(0.7	)	$	(1.1	)	$	1.3	$	(2.3	)
Gain on sale of marketable securities		0.3			—			0.3		0.5
Gain on investments		—			0.2			0.3		0.1
Other		—			0.7			0.1		0.9
Total other (expense) income, net	$	(0.4	)	$	(0.2	)	$	2.0	$	(0.8	)

(Provision for) Benefit from Income Taxes. In the six months ended January 31, 2017, we determined that our valuation allowance on the losses of Elmion Netherlands B.V., or Elmion, a Netherlands subsidiary, was no longer required due to an internal reorganization that generated income and a projection that the income would continue. We recorded a benefit from income taxes of $16.6 million in the six months ended January 31, 2017 from the full recognition of the Elmion deferred tax assets. The decrease in income tax expense in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016, excluding the benefit from income taxes described above, was generally due to a decrease in income before income taxes in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016.

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests. The change in the net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 was due to the noncontrolling interests in the net income of Zedge, which was included in our results of operations until the Zedge Spin-Off on June 1, 2016. The net income attributable to our other noncontrolling interests in certain IDT Telecom subsidiaries was substantially unchanged in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

General

We currently expect our cash from operations in the next twelve months and the balance of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities that we held as of January 31, 2017 to be sufficient to meet our currently anticipated working capital and capital expenditure requirements during the twelve-month period ending January 31, 2018.

At January 31, 2017, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $130.8 million and a deficit in working capital (current liabilities in excess of current assets) of $6.0 million. At January 31, 2017, we also had $8.4 million in investments in hedge funds, which were included in “Investments” in our consolidated balance sheet.

We treat unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services and IDT Financial Services Ltd. as substantially restricted and unavailable for other purposes. At January 31, 2017, “Cash and cash equivalents” in our consolidated balance sheet included an aggregate of $10.7 million held by IDT Payment Services and IDT Financial Services Ltd. that was unavailable for other purposes.

At January 31, 2017, we had restricted cash and cash equivalents of $89.4 million, which was included in “Restricted cash and cash equivalents” in our consolidated balance sheet. Our restricted cash and cash equivalents primarily include customer deposits related to IDT Financial Services Ltd. and restricted balances pursuant to banking regulatory and other requirements.

23

We have not recorded U.S. income tax expense for foreign earnings, since such earnings are permanently reinvested outside the United States. Upon distribution, if any, of these foreign earnings to our domestic entities, we may be subject to U.S. income taxes and withholding of foreign taxes, however, it is not practicable to determine the amount, if any, which would be paid.

	Six months ended January 31,
	2017			2016
	(in millions)
Cash flows (used in) provided by:
Operating activities	$	(0.8	)	$	25.1
Investing activities		(21.0	)		(9.9	)
Financing activities		(9.3	)		(21.0	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(0.9	)		(5.0	)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(32.0	)	$	(10.8	)

Operating Activities

Our cash flow from operations varies significantly from quarter to quarter and from year to year, depending on our operating results and the timing of operating cash receipts and payments, specifically trade accounts receivable and trade accounts payable.

On July 31, 2013, we completed a pro rata distribution of the common stock of our subsidiary Straight Path Communications Inc., or Straight Path, to our stockholders. On September 20, 2016, we received a letter of inquiry from the Enforcement Bureau of the FCC requesting certain information and materials related to an investigation of potential violations by Straight Path Spectrum LLC (formerly a subsidiary of ours and currently a subsidiary of Straight Path) in connection with licenses to operate on the 28 GHz and 39 GHz bands of the Fixed Microwave Services. We have been cooperating with the FCC in this matter and have responded to the letter of inquiry. The FCC could seek to fine or impose regulatory penalties or civil liability on us related to activities during the period of ownership by us. As disclosed in Straight Path’s filings with the SEC, Straight Path has entered into a consent decree with the FCC that terminates the FCC’s related investigation against Straight Path. We could be the subject of a claim from Straight Path for indemnity related to liability incurred in connection with that settlement.

In August 2016, we and the New Jersey Economic Development Authority entered into an incentive agreement pursuant to which we may receive corporation business tax credits in exchange for investment in a qualified business facility and employment of the required number of full-time employees. The corporation business tax credits to be received are a maximum of $24.3 million. The tax credits are based on an estimated capital investment of $5.3 million in addition to retaining, as well as creating, a number of full-time jobs. We may claim a tax credit each tax year for ten years beginning when the Economic Development Authority accepts our project completion certification. The deadline to submit the tax certificate documents has been extended until June 9, 2017. The tax credit can be applied to 100% of our New Jersey tax liability each year, and the unused amount of the annual credit can be carried forward. In addition, we may apply for a tax credit transfer certificate to sell unused tax credits to another business. The tax credits must be sold for no less than 75% of the value of the tax credits. The tax credits are subject to reduction, forfeiture and recapture if, among other things, the number of full-time employees declines below the program or statewide minimum.

Investing Activities

Our capital expenditures were $10.5 million and $9.2 million in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We currently anticipate that total capital expenditures for the twelve-month period ending January 31, 2018 will be between $19 million to $21 million. We expect to fund our capital expenditures with our net cash provided by operating activities and cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities on hand.

On October 8, 2014, we completed the sale of our interest in Fabrix Systems Ltd. to Telefonaktiebolget LM Ericsson (publ). Our share of the sale price was $69.2 million, after reflecting the impact of working capital and other adjustments. In the six months ended January 31, 2016, we received $4.8 million from the sale.

On December 23, 2016, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Live Ninja, a business communications company that provides chat and messaging capabilities for small and medium-sized businesses with the ability to transfer a conversation from one channel of communications (for example, the web) to another (such as a mobile phone). The Live Ninja team have been tasked with helping expand the development of our PicuP service. We paid $2.0 million at closing, and expect to pay an additional $2.5 million through December 2018 for fixed and contingent payment obligations. In the six months ended January 31, 2017, the cash paid for the acquisition, net of cash acquired was $1.8 million.

In the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, we used cash of $8.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, for additional investments. In September 2016, Cornerstone issued to our 50%-owned subsidiary, CS Pharma, its convertible Series D Note with a principal amount of $10 million, representing the $8 million investment funded on such date plus the conversion of a $2 million principal amount convertible promissory notes that was issued in connection with a prior funding.

24

Purchases of marketable securities were $17.2 million and $24.5 million in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities were $16.8 million and $18.7 million in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Financing Activities

In the six months ended January 31, 2017, we paid cash dividends of $0.38 per share on our Class A common stock and Class B common stock, or $8.8 million in total. In the six months ended January 31, 2016, we paid cash dividends of $0.37 per share on our Class A common stock and Class B common stock, or $8.6 million in total. In March 2017, our Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.19 per share for the second quarter of fiscal 2017 to holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The dividend will be paid on or about March 24, 2017 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 17, 2017.

We distributed cash of $0.8 million and $1.2 million in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, to the holders of noncontrolling interests in certain of our subsidiaries.

In connection with our investment in Cornerstone, our subsidiary CS Pharma issued member interests to third parties in exchange for cash investment in CS Pharma of $10 million. We hold a 50% interest in CS Pharma and we are the managing member. At July 31, 2016, CS Pharma had received $8.8 million, which was included in “Other current liabilities” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet pending the issuance of the member interests. In the six months ended January 31, 2017, CS Pharma received an additional $1.2 million from the sale of its member interests. We expect CS Pharma will use its cash to invest in Cornerstone.

We received proceeds from the exercise of our stock options of $0.8 million and nil in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In the six months ended January 31, 2017, we issued 73,471 shares of our Class B common stock for the stock option exercise.

We paid the outstanding principal of $6.4 million on the mortgage on our building in Piscataway, New Jersey on the maturity date of September 1, 2015.

In the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, we paid $1.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively, to repurchase 94,338 and 11,250 shares of Class B common stock, respectively, that were tendered by employees of ours to satisfy the employees’ tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on awards of restricted stock. Such shares were repurchased by us based on their fair market value on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.

We have a stock repurchase program for the repurchase of up to an aggregate of 8.0 million shares of our Class B common stock. There were no repurchases under the program in the six months ended January 31, 2017. At January 31, 2017, 8.0 million shares remained available for repurchase under the stock repurchase program. In the six months ended January 31, 2016, we repurchased 398,376 shares of Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $4.6 million under our prior stock repurchase program that was in effect until January 22, 2016.

Our subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc., entered into a credit agreement, dated July 12, 2012, with TD Bank, N.A. for a line of credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $25.0 million. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working capital requirements, acquisitions and for other general corporate purposes. The line of credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom’s assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum, at the option of IDT Telecom, at either (a) the U.S. Prime Rate less 125 basis points, or (b) the LIBOR rate adjusted by the Regulation D maximum reserve requirement plus 150 basis points. Interest is payable monthly and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on the maturity date of January 31, 2018. At January 31, 2017, there were no amounts outstanding under the facility. We intend to borrow under the facility from time to time. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee of 0.375% per annum on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $25.0 million commitment. IDT Telecom is required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain financial targets and ratios during the term of the line of credit, including IDT Telecom may not pay any dividend on its capital stock and IDT Telecom’s aggregate loans and advances to affiliates or subsidiaries may not exceed $110.0 million. At January 31, 2017, there were no amounts utilized for letters of credit under the line of credit, IDT Telecom was in compliance with all of the covenants, and IDT Telecom’s aggregate loans and advances to affiliates and subsidiaries was $105.0 million.

Changes in Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Gross trade accounts receivable increased to $60.6 million at January 31, 2017 from $54.1 million at July 31, 2016 due to a $6.6 million increase in IDT Telecom’s gross trade accounts receivable balance. The increase in IDT Telecom’s gross trade accounts receivable balance was primarily due to amounts billed in in the six months ended January 31, 2017 in excess of collections during the period, net of the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

The allowance for doubtful accounts as a percentage of gross trade accounts receivable was 8.5% at January 31, 2017 and 8.9% at July 31, 2016 as a result of an 12.1% increase in the gross trade accounts receivable balance and a 7.4% increase in the allowance balance.

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Other Uses of Resources

Our controlled 50%-owned subsidiary, CS Pharma, holds a $10 million principal amount, 3.5% convertible promissory note due September 16, 2018 issued by Cornerstone, and we and CS Pharma were issued warrants to purchase Cornerstone shares. Cornerstone is a clinical stage, oncology-focused pharmaceutical company committed to the development and commercialization of therapies targeting cancer metabolism that exploit the metabolic differences between normal cells and cancer cells. We expect to fund additional cash investments in Cornerstone in fiscal 2017.

We intend to, where appropriate, make strategic investments and acquisitions to complement, expand, and/or enter into new businesses. In considering acquisitions and investments, we search for opportunities to profitably grow our existing businesses and/or to add qualitatively to the range and diversification of businesses in our portfolio. At this time, we cannot guarantee that we will be presented with acquisition opportunities that meet our return on investment criteria, or that our efforts to make acquisitions that meet our criteria will be successful.

Contractual Obligations and Other Commercial Commitments

The following tables quantify our future contractual obligations and commercial commitments at January 31, 2017:

Contractual Obligations

Payments Due by Period (in millions)	Total		Less than 1 year		1–3 years		4–5 years		After 5 years
Operating leases	$	6.8	$	3.1	$	2.1	$	1.2	$	0.4
Revolving credit unused commitment fee		0.1		0.1		—		—		—
Purchase commitments		1.7		1.7		—		—		—
Total contractual obligations	$	8.6	$	4.9	$	2.1	$	1.2	$	0.4

Other Commercial Commitments

Payments Due by Period (in millions)	Total		Less than 1 year		1–3 years		4–5 years		After 5 years
Standby letters of credit (1)	$	0.1	$	0.1	$	—	$	—	$	—

(1) The above table does not include an aggregate of $13.8 million in performance bonds due to the uncertainty of the amount and/or timing of any such payments.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any “off-balance sheet arrangements,” as defined in relevant SEC regulations that are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources, other than the following.

In connection with our spin-off of Genie Energy Ltd., or Genie, in October 2011, we and Genie entered into various agreements prior to the spin-off including a Separation and Distribution Agreement to effect the separation and provide a framework for our relationship with Genie after the spin-off, and a Tax Separation Agreement, which sets forth the responsibilities of us and Genie with respect to, among other things, liabilities for federal, state, local and foreign taxes for periods before and including the spin-off, the preparation and filing of tax returns for such periods and disputes with taxing authorities regarding taxes for such periods. Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement, among other things, we indemnify Genie and Genie indemnifies us for losses related to the failure of the other to pay, perform or otherwise discharge, any of the liabilities and obligations set forth in the agreement. Pursuant to the Tax Separation Agreement, among other things, we indemnify Genie from all liability for taxes of ours with respect to any taxable period, and Genie indemnifies us from all liability for taxes of Genie and its subsidiaries with respect to any taxable period, including, without limitation, the ongoing tax audits related to Genie’s business.

26

In connection with our spin-off of Straight Path, in July 2013, we and Straight Path entered into various agreements prior to the spin-off including a Separation and Distribution Agreement to effect the separation and provide a framework for our relationship with Straight Path after the spin-off, and a Tax Separation Agreement, which sets forth the responsibilities of us and Straight Path with respect to, among other things, liabilities for federal, state, local and foreign taxes for periods before and including the spin-off, the preparation and filing of tax returns for such periods and disputes with taxing authorities regarding taxes for such periods. Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement, we indemnify Straight Path and Straight Path indemnifies us for losses related to the failure of the other to pay, perform or otherwise discharge, any of the liabilities and obligations set forth in the agreement. Pursuant to the Tax Separation Agreement, we indemnify Straight Path from all liability for taxes of Straight Path or any of its subsidiaries or relating to the Straight Path business with respect to taxable periods ending on or before the spin-off, from all liability for taxes of ours, other than Straight Path and its subsidiaries, for any taxable period, and from all liability for taxes due to the spin-off.

In connection with the Zedge Spin-Off in June 2016, we and Zedge entered into various agreements prior to the Zedge Spin-Off including a Separation and Distribution Agreement to effect the separation and provide a framework for our relationship with Zedge after the Zedge Spin-Off, and a Tax Separation Agreement, which sets forth the responsibilities of us and Zedge with respect to, among other things, liabilities for federal, state, local and foreign taxes for periods before and including the Zedge Spin-Off, the preparation and filing of tax returns for such periods and disputes with taxing authorities regarding taxes for such periods. Pursuant to Separation and Distribution Agreement, among other things, we indemnify Zedge and Zedge indemnifies us for losses related to the failure of the other to pay, perform or otherwise discharge, any of the liabilities and obligations set forth in the agreement. Pursuant to the Tax Separation Agreement, among other things, Zedge indemnifies us from all liability for taxes of Zedge and any of Zedge’s subsidiaries or relating to Zedge’s business accruing after the Zedge Spin-Off, and we indemnify Zedge from all liability for taxes of Zedge and any of Zedge’s subsidiaries or relating to Zedge’s business with respect to taxable periods ending on or before the Zedge Spin-Off.

IDT Payment Services and IDT Telecom have performance bonds issued through third parties for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states’ financial requirements for money remittance licenses and telecommunications resellers, respectively. At January 31, 2017, we had aggregate performance bonds of $13.8 million outstanding.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks

Foreign Currency Risk

Revenues from our international operations were 31% of our consolidated revenues for both the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016. A significant portion of these revenues is in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. Our foreign currency exchange risk is somewhat mitigated by our ability to offset a portion of these non U.S. Dollar-denominated revenues with operating expenses that are paid in the same currencies. While the impact from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates affects our revenue and expenses denominated in foreign currencies, the net amount of our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate changes at the end of each reporting period is generally not material.

Investment Risk

In addition to, but separate from our primary business, we hold a portion of our assets in marketable securities and hedge funds for strategic and speculative purposes. At January 31, 2017, the carrying value of our marketable securities and investments in hedge funds was $53.3 million and $8.4 million, respectively. Investments in marketable securities and hedge funds carry a degree of risk, and depend, to a great extent, on correct assessments of the future course of price movements of securities and other instruments. There can be no assurance that our investment managers will be able to accurately predict these price movements. The securities markets have in recent years been characterized by great volatility and unpredictability. Accordingly, the value of our investments may go down as well as up and we may not receive the amounts originally invested upon redemption.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of January 31, 2017.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended January 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

27

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Legal proceedings in which we are involved are more fully described in Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 to Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There are no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A to Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2016.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table provides information with respect to purchases by us of our shares during the second quarter of fiscal 2017:

	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
November 1-30, 2016		—	$	—		—		8,000,000
December 1-31, 2016		—	$	—		—		8,000,000
January 1–31, 2017 (2)		92,796	$	19.57		—		8,000,000
Total		92,796	$	19.57		—

(1) On January 22, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program to purchase up to 8.0 million shares of our Class B common stock and cancelled the previous stock repurchase program originally approved by the Board of Directors on June 13, 2006, which had 4,636,741 shares remaining available for repurchase.

(2) Consists of shares of Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of ours to satisfy the employees’ tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on awards of restricted stock. Such shares were repurchased by us based on their fair market value on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date and the proceeds utilized to pay the taxes due upon such vesting event.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5. Other Information

None

28

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to §302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to §302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Filed or furnished herewith.

29

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	IDT CORPORATION
March 13, 2017	By:	/s/ Shmuel Jonas
		Shmuel Jonas Chief Executive Officer
March 13, 2017	By:	/s/ MArcelo Fischer
		Marcelo Fischer Senior Vice President of Finance (Principal Financial Officer)

30

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Shmuel Jonas, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of IDT Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 13, 2017	/s/ Shmuel Jonas
	Shmuel Jonas Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Marcelo Fischer, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of IDT Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 13, 2017	/s/ MArcelo Fischer
	Marcelo Fischer Senior Vice President of Finance (Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

Certification Pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350
(as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002)

In connection with the Quarterly Report of IDT Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended January 31, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Shmuel Jonas, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 13, 2017	/s/ Shmuel Jonas
	Shmuel Jonas Chief Executive Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to IDT Corporation and will be retained by IDT Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

Certification Pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350
(as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002)

In connection with the Quarterly Report of IDT Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended January 31, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Marcelo Fischer, Senior Vice President of Finance of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 13, 2017	/s/ MArcelo Fischer
	Marcelo Fischer Senior Vice President of Finance (Principal Financial Officer)

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to IDT Corporation and will be retained by IDT Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

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Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017	Mar. 10, 2017
Entity Registrant Name	IDT CORP
Entity Central Index Key	0001005731
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--07-31
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Jan. 31, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Class A common stock
Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding		1,574,326
Class B common stock
Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding		21,524,292

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Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2017	Jul. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 77,524	$ 109,537
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	89,420	98,822
Marketable securities	53,273	52,949
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,173 at January 31, 2017 and $4,818 at July 31, 2016	55,464	49,283
Prepaid expenses	14,994	15,189
Other current assets	14,228	13,273
Total current assets	304,903	339,053
Property, plant and equipment, net	89,205	87,374
Goodwill	11,137	11,218
Other intangibles, net	676	843
Investments	23,623	14,024
Deferred income tax assets, net	22,450	9,554
Other assets	7,372	7,592
Total assets	459,366	469,658
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	32,237	30,253
Accrued expenses	101,316	117,434
Deferred revenue	83,835	86,178
Customer deposits	87,468	95,843
Income taxes payable	494	578
Other current liabilities	5,557	13,534
Total current liabilities	310,907	343,820
Other liabilities	1,627	1,635
Total liabilities	312,534	345,455
Commitments and contingencies
IDT Corporation stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares-10,000; no shares issued
Additional paid-in capital	401,055	396,243
Treasury stock, at cost, consisting of 1,698 and 1,698 shares of Class A common stock and 4,025 and 3,931 shares of Class B common stock at January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, respectively	(117,154)	(115,316)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(6,210)	(3,744)
Accumulated deficit	(139,644)	(153,673)
Total IDT Corporation stockholders' equity	138,335	123,797
Noncontrolling interests	8,497	406
Total equity	146,832	124,203
Total liabilities and equity	459,366	469,658
Class A common stock
IDT Corporation stockholders' equity:
Common stock, value	33	33
Class B common stock
IDT Corporation stockholders' equity:
Common stock, value	$ 255	$ 254

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2017	Jul. 31, 2016
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 5,173	$ 4,818
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, authorized shares	10,000	10,000
Preferred stock, shares issued
Class A common stock
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	35,000	35,000
Common stock, shares issued	3,272	3,272
Common stock, shares outstanding	1,574	1,574
Treasury stock, common stock shares	1,698	1,698
Class B common stock
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	200,000	200,000
Common stock, shares issued	25,550	25,383
Common stock, shares outstanding	21,525	21,452
Treasury stock, common stock shares	4,025	3,931

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Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016
Consolidated Statements of Income [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 367,556	$ 382,454	$ 736,707	$ 773,032
Costs and expenses:
Direct cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	310,913	319,724	623,941	644,235
Selling, general and administrative (i)	47,325	51,054	92,763	104,143
Depreciation and amortization	5,301	4,973	10,601	10,025
Total costs and expenses	363,539	375,751	727,305	758,403
Other operating expense	(889)	(326)	(1,088)	(326)
Income from operations	3,128	6,377	8,314	14,303
Interest income, net	309	534	609	692
Other (expense) income, net	(419)	(234)	1,974	(844)
Income before income taxes	3,018	6,677	10,897	14,151
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes	(1,761)	(2,014)	12,655	(4,911)
Net income	1,257	4,663	23,552	9,240
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(382)	(598)	(758)	(981)
Net income attributable to IDT Corporation	$ 875	$ 4,065	$ 22,794	$ 8,259
Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:
Basic	$ 0.04	$ 0.18	$ 1.00	$ 0.36
Diluted	$ 0.04	$ 0.18	$ 0.99	$ 0.36
Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of earnings per share:
Basic	22,768	22,799	22,740	22,867
Diluted	22,963	22,799	22,931	22,884
Dividends declared per common share	$ 0.19	$ 0.19	$ 0.38	$ 0.37
(i) Stock-based compensation included in selling, general and administrative expenses	$ 1,426	$ 873	$ 2,128	$ 1,644

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 1,257	$ 4,663	$ 23,552	$ 9,240
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities	(40)	(143)	(63)	385
Foreign currency translation adjustments	459	(4,011)	(2,403)	(3,900)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	419	(4,154)	(2,466)	(3,515)
Comprehensive income	1,676	509	21,086	5,725
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(382)	(598)	(758)	(981)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation	$ 1,294	$ (89)	$ 20,328	$ 4,744

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016
Operating activities
Net income	$ 23,552	$ 9,240
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	10,601	10,025
Deferred income taxes	(12,868)	4,708
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable	126	486
Realized gain on marketable securities	(305)	(543)
Interest in the equity of investments	(295)	(79)
Stock-based compensation	2,128	1,644
Change in assets and liabilities:
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	4,098	(5,360)
Trade accounts receivable	(8,189)	(1,366)
Prepaid expenses, other current assets and other assets	(1,432)	7,644
Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, other current liabilities and other liabilities	(14,927)	(10,814)
Customer deposits	(1,177)	8,200
Income taxes payable	(83)	159
Deferred revenue	(2,043)	1,202
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(814)	25,146
Investing activities
Capital expenditures	(10,543)	(9,223)
Proceeds from sale of interest in Fabrix Systems Ltd.		4,769
Payment for acquisition, net of cash acquired	(1,827)
Cash used for investments	(8,308)	(350)
Proceeds from sale and redemption of investments	4	626
Purchases of marketable securities	(17,209)	(24,480)
Proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities	16,848	18,720
Net cash used in investing activities	(21,035)	(9,938)
Financing activities
Dividends paid	(8,765)	(8,626)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(817)	(1,220)
Proceeds from sale of member interests in CS Pharma Holdings, LLC.	1,250
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	835
Repayment of note payable		(6,353)
Repurchases of Class B common stock	(1,838)	(4,773)
Net cash used in financing activities	(9,335)	(20,972)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(829)	(5,083)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(32,013)	(10,847)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	109,537	110,361
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	77,524	99,514
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities
Reclassification of liability for member interests in CS Pharma Holdings, LLC	$ 8,750

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Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Basis of Presentation [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Note 1—Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of IDT Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “IDT”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2017. The balance sheet at July 31, 2016 has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2016, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The Company’s fiscal year ends on July 31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2017 refers to the fiscal year ending July 31, 2017).

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Zedge Spin-Off

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Disposition Of Subsidiary [Abstract]

Zedge Spin-Off

Note 2—Zedge Spin-Off

On June 1, 2016, the Company completed a pro rata distribution of the common stock that the Company held in the Company’s subsidiary, Zedge, Inc. (“Zedge”), to the Company’s stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 26, 2016 (the “Zedge Spin-Off”). The disposition of Zedge did not meet the criteria to be reported as a discontinued operation and accordingly, its assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows have not been reclassified. In connection with the Zedge Spin-Off, each of the Company’s stockholders received one share of Zedge Class A common stock for every three shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, and one share of Zedge Class B common stock for every three shares of the Company’s Class B common stock, held of record as of the close of business on May 26, 2016. The Company received a legal opinion that the Zedge Spin-Off should qualify as a tax-free transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

In August 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan to reorganize the Company into three separate entities by spinning off its non-core business and assets to its stockholders, one of which was Zedge. The remaining components of the reorganization are subject to change in response to changed circumstance or intervening events, as well as both internal and third party contingencies, and must receive final approval from the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company continues to advance the effort on the remainder of the reorganization.

Zedge’s income before income taxes and income before income taxes attributable to the Company, which is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income, were as follows:

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended  January 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Income before income taxes	$	—	$	1,976	$	—	$	2,226
Income before income taxes attributable to IDT Corporation	$	—	$	1,757	$	—	$	1,978

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Investment in Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Investment in Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. [Abstract]

Investment in Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Note 3—Investment in Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Cornerstone”) is a clinical stage, oncology-focused pharmaceutical company committed to the development and commercialization of therapies targeting cancer metabolism that exploit the metabolic differences between normal cells and cancer cells. The Company’s initial $2 million investment in Cornerstone was funded as follows: $500,000 upon signing the Subscription and Loan Agreement on January 21, 2016, $50,000 on March 23, 2016, and $1.45 million on April 14, 2016. The initial $2 million investment was in exchange for Cornerstone’s 3.5% convertible promissory notes due 2018. The remaining $8 million was funded in August and September 2016. In September 2016, Cornerstone issued to the Company’s controlled 50%-owned subsidiary, CS Pharma Holdings, LLC (“CS Pharma”), a convertible promissory note with a principal amount of $10 million (the “Series D Note”) representing the $8 million investment funded on such date plus the conversion of the $2 million principal amount convertible promissory notes issued in connection with the previous funding.

On January 4, 2017, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors approved an arrangement with Howard S. Jonas, the Company’s Chairman of the Board, and Chairman of the Board of Cornerstone, pursuant to which, on March 2, 2017, the Company sold 10% of the Company’s direct and indirect interest and rights in Cornerstone to Mr. Jonas for a purchase price of $1 million. Howard Jonas and Deborah Jonas jointly own $525,000 of Series C Convertible Notes of Cornerstone, and The Howard S. and Deborah Jonas Foundation owns an additional $525,000 of Series C Notes of Cornerstone.

The Cornerstone Series D Note earns interest at 3.5% per annum, with principal and accrued interest due and payable on September 16, 2018. The Series D Note is convertible at the holder’s option into shares of Cornerstone’s Series D Preferred Stock. The Series D Note also includes a mandatory conversion into Cornerstone common stock upon a qualified initial public offering, and conversion at the holder’s option upon an unqualified financing event. In all cases, the Series D Note conversion price is based on the applicable financing purchase price. The Company and CS Pharma were issued warrants to purchase shares of capital stock of Cornerstone representing in the aggregate up to 56% of the then issued and outstanding capital stock of Cornerstone, on an as-converted and fully diluted basis. The right to exercise warrants as to the first $10 million thereof is held by CS Pharma and the remainder is owned by the Company. The exercise price of the warrant is the lower of 70% of the price sold in an equity financing, or $1.25 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The minimum initial and subsequent exercises of the warrant shall be for such number of shares that will result in at least $5 million of gross proceeds to Cornerstone, or such lesser amount as represents 5% of the outstanding capital stock of Cornerstone, or such lesser amount as may then remain unexercised. The warrant will expire upon the earlier of December 31, 2020 or a qualified initial public offering or liquidation event.

Cornerstone is a variable interest entity, however, the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary as the Company does not have the power to direct the activities of Cornerstone that most significantly impact Cornerstone’s economic performance. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, the Company’s investment in Cornerstone was $10.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively, which was included in “Investments” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. At January 31, 2017, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with Cornerstone was its $10.0 million investment, since there were no other arrangements, events or circumstances that could expose the Company to additional loss.

In addition to interests issued to the Company, CS Pharma has issued member interests to third parties in exchange for cash investment in CS Pharma of $10 million. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, CS Pharma had received $10.0 million and $8.8 million, respectively, of such investment. At July 31, 2016, the $8.8 million received was included in “Other current liabilities” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet pending the issuance of the member interests. The Company holds a 50% interest in CS Pharma and is the managing member. It is expected that CS Pharma will use its cash to invest in Cornerstone.

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Marketable Securities

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Marketable Securities [Abstract]

Marketable Securities

Note 4—Marketable Securities

The following is a summary of marketable securities:

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair  Value
	(in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities:
January 31, 2017:
Certificates of deposit*	$	19,335	$	2	$	(1	)	$	19,336
Federal Government Sponsored Enterprise notes		6,331		—		(23	)		6,308
International agency notes		653		—		(10	)		643
Mutual funds		5,223		15		(1	)		5,237
Corporate bonds		3,290		6		(13	)		3,283
Equity		379		42		—			421
U.S. Treasury notes		5,035		2		(68	)		4,969
Municipal bonds		13,082		3		(9	)		13,076
Total	$	53,328	$	70	$	(125	)	$	53,273
July 31, 2016:
Certificates of deposit*	$	17,690	$	6	$	—		$	17,696
Federal Government Sponsored Enterprise notes		3,457		17		—			3,474
International agency notes		409		5		—			414
Mutual funds		5,121		—		(39	)		5,082
Corporate bonds		3,633		40		—			3,673
Equity		2,463		—		(140	)		2,323
U.S. Treasury notes		4,946		95		(1	)		5,040
Municipal bonds		15,222		26		(1	)		15,247
Total	$	52,941	$	189	$	(181	)	$	52,949

* Each of the Company’s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP, was purchased in the secondary market through a broker, and may be sold in the secondary market.

In January 2017, the Company received 23,227 shares of Zedge Class B common stock in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on Zedge restricted stock held by certain of the Company’s employees and the payment of taxes related thereto. As part of the Zedge Spin-Off, holders of the Company’s restricted Class B common stock received, in respect of those restricted shares, one share of Zedge’s Class B common stock for every three restricted shares of the Company that they held as of the record date for the Zedge Spin-Off. The Company received the Zedge shares in exchange for the payment of an aggregate of $74,000 for the employees’ tax withholding obligations upon the vesting event. The number of shares was determined based on their fair market value on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date. At January 31, 2017, the Zedge shares owned by the Company had a fair value of $77,000.

Proceeds from maturities and sales of available-for-sale securities were $10.8 million and $9.9 million in the three months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $16.8 million and $18.7 million in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, gross realized gains included in earnings as a result of sales were $0.3 million. In the six months ended January 31, 2016, gross realized gains included in earnings as a result of sales were $0.5 million. There were no gross realized gains (losses) included in earnings as a result of sales in the three months ended January 31, 2016. The Company uses the specific identification method in computing the gross realized gains and gross realized losses on the sales of marketable securities.

The contractual maturities of the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities at January 31, 2017 were as follows:

	Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Within one year	$	26,264
After one year through five years		18,266
After five years through ten years		2,369
After ten years		716
Total	$	47,615

The following available-for-sale securities were in an unrealized loss position for which other-than-temporary impairments have not been recognized:

	Unrealized Losses		Fair  Value
	(in thousands)
January 31, 2017:
Certificates of deposit	$	1	$	3,164
Federal Government Sponsored Enterprise notes		23		6,265
International agency notes		10		643
Mutual funds		1		2,600
Corporate bonds		13		2,239
U.S. Treasury notes		68		4,408
Municipal bonds		9		9,878
Total	$	125	$	29,197
July 31, 2016:
Mutual funds	$	39	$	5,082
Equity		140		2,323
U.S. Treasury notes		1		199
Municipal bonds		1		3,112
Total	$	181	$	10,716

At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, there were no securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer.

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Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 5—Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	Level 1 (1)		Level 2 (2)		Level 3 (3)		Total
	(in thousands)
January 31, 2017
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities	$	10,627	$	42,646	$	—	$	53,273
July 31, 2016
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities	$	12,445	$	40,504	$	—	$	52,949

(1) – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

(2) – observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

(3) – no observable pricing inputs in the market

At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, the Company had $8.4 million and $8.1 million, respectively, in investments in hedge funds, which were included in “Investments” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s investments in hedge funds are accounted for using the equity method or the cost method, therefore investments in hedge funds are not measured at fair value.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The estimated fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting these data to develop estimates of fair value. Consequently, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange.

Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, other current assets, customer deposits and other current liabilities. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value because of the short period of time to maturity. The fair value estimates for cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents were classified as Level 1 and other current assets, customer deposits and other current liabilities were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Other assets and other liabilities. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value. The fair values were estimated based on the Company’s assumptions, which were classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s investments at January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016 included investments in the equity of certain privately held entities and other investments that are accounted for at cost. It is not practicable to estimate the fair value of these investments because of the lack of a quoted market price for the shares of these entities, and the inability to estimate their fair value without incurring excessive cost. The carrying value of these investments was $15.4 million and $7.0 million at January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, respectively, which the Company believes was not impaired.

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Derivative Instruments

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Derivative Instruments [Abstract]

Derivative Instruments

Note 6—Derivative Instruments

Prior to the Zedge Spin-Off, the primary risk managed by the Company using derivative instruments was foreign exchange risk. Foreign exchange forward contracts were entered into as hedges against unfavorable fluctuations in the U.S. dollar – Norwegian krone (“NOK”) exchange rate. Zedge is based in Norway and much of its operations are located in Norway. Subsequent to the Zedge Spin-Off, the Company provided hedging services to Zedge pursuant to its Transition Services Agreement until Zedge established a credit facility and was able to enter into foreign exchange contracts. The Company did not apply hedge accounting to these contracts, therefore the changes in fair value were recorded in earnings.

The effects of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income were as follows:

		Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives
Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as	Location of Gain (Loss)	Three Months Ended January 31,					Six Months Ended  January 31,
hedging instruments	Recognized on Derivatives	2017		2016			2017		2016
		(in thousands)
Foreign exchange forwards	Other (expense) income, net	$	—	$	(123	)	$	—	$	(225	)

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Equity

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Equity [Abstract]

Equity

Note 7—Equity

Changes in the components of equity were as follows:

	Six Months Ended January 31, 2017
	Attributable to IDT Corporation			Noncontrolling Interests			Total
	(in thousands)
Balance, July 31, 2016	$	123,797		$	406		$	124,203
Dividends declared ($0.38 per share)		(8,765	)		—			(8,765	)
Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees		(1,838	)		—			(1,838	)
Exercise of stock options		835			—			835
Issuance of member interests in CS Pharma Holdings, LLC (see Note 3)		1,850			8,150			10,000
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		—			(817	)		(817	)
Stock-based compensation		2,128			—			2,128
Comprehensive income:
Net income		22,794			758			23,552
Other comprehensive loss		(2,466	)		—			(2,466	)
Comprehensive income		20,328			758			21,086
Balance, January 31, 2017	$	138,335		$	8,497		$	146,832

Dividend Payments

In the six months ended January 31, 2017, the Company paid cash dividends of $0.38 per share on its Class A common stock and Class B common stock, or $8.8 million in total. In the six months ended January 31, 2016, the Company paid cash dividends of $0.37 per share on its Class A common stock and Class B common stock, or $8.6 million in total.

In March 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.19 per share for the second quarter of fiscal 2017 to holders of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The dividend will be paid on or about March 24, 2017 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 17, 2017.

Stock Repurchases

The Company has a stock repurchase program for the repurchase of up to an aggregate of 8.0 million shares of the Company’s Class B common stock. There were no repurchases under the program in the six months ended January 31, 2017. In the six months ended January 31, 2016, the Company repurchased 398,376 shares of Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $4.6 million. At January 31, 2017, 8.0 million shares remained available for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.

In the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company paid $1.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively, to repurchase 94,338 shares and 11,250 shares of Class B common stock, respectively, that were tendered by employees of the Company to satisfy the employees’ tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on awards of restricted stock. Such shares were repurchased by the Company based on their fair market value on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.

2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan

On December 14, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company’s Class B common stock available for the grant of awards thereunder by an additional 0.1 million shares.

The Company received proceeds from the exercise of its stock options of $0.8 million in the six months ended January 31, 2017. There were no stock option exercises in the six months ended January 31, 2016. In the six months ended January 31, 2017, the Company issued 73,471 shares of its Class B common stock for the stock option exercises.

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Earnings Per Share

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Note 8—Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect of such increase is anti-dilutive.

The weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company’s common stockholders consists of the following:

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended  January 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Basic weighted-average number of shares		22,768		22,799		22,740		22,867
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options		77		—		58		—
Non-vested restricted Class B common stock		118		—		133		17
Diluted weighted-average number of shares		22,963		22,799		22,931		22,884

The following outstanding stock options were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of the stock option was greater than the average market price of the Company’s stock during the period:

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended  January 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share		3		265		18		266

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Revolving Credit Loan Payable

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Revolving Credit Loan Payable [Abstract]

Revolving Credit Loan Payable

Note 9—Revolving Credit Loan Payable

The Company’s subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc., entered into a credit agreement, dated July 12, 2012, with TD Bank, N.A. for a line of credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $25.0 million. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working capital requirements, acquisitions and for other general corporate purposes. The line of credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom’s assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum, at the option of IDT Telecom, at either (a) the U.S. Prime Rate less 125 basis points, or (b) the LIBOR rate adjusted by the Regulation D maximum reserve requirement plus 150 basis points. Interest is payable monthly and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on the maturity date of January 31, 2018. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, there were no amounts outstanding under the facility. The Company intends to borrow under the facility from time to time. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee of 0.375% per annum on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $25.0 million commitment. IDT Telecom is required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain financial targets and ratios during the term of the line of credit, including IDT Telecom may not pay any dividend on its capital stock and IDT Telecom’s aggregate loans and advances to affiliates or subsidiaries may not exceed $110.0 million. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, there were no amounts utilized for letters of credit under the line of credit, IDT Telecom was in compliance with all of the covenants, and IDT Telecom’s aggregate loans and advances to affiliates and subsidiaries was $105.0 million and $91.1 million, respectively.

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Accrued Severance Expense

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Severance Expense [Abstract]

Accrued Severance Expense

Note 10—Accrued Severance Expense

In July 2016, the Company completed a reduction of its workforce and incurred severance expense of $6.3 million in fiscal 2016. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, there was accrued severance of $2.3 million and $5.7 million, respectively, included in “Accrued expenses” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for the July 2016 workforce reduction.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Note 11—Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive loss were as follows:

	Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Foreign Currency Translation			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized
	(in thousands)
Balance, July 31, 2016	$	8		$	(3,752	)	$	(3,744	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation before reclassifications		242			(2,403	)		(2,161	)
Less: reclassification for gain included in net income		(305	)		—			(305	)	Other (expense) income, net
Net other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation		(63	)		(2,403	)		(2,466	)
Balance, January 31, 2017	$	(55	)	$	(6,155	)	$	(6,210	)

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Business Segment Information

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Business Segment Information [Abstract]

Business Segment Information

Note 12—Business Segment Information

The Company has three reportable business segments, Telecom Platform Services, Unified Communications as a Service (“UCaaS”) and Consumer Phone Services. The Company’s reportable segments are distinguished by types of service, customers and methods used to provide their services. The operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker.

The Telecom Platform Services segment provides retail telecommunications and payment offerings as well as wholesale international long distance traffic termination. The Consumer Phone Services segment provides consumer local and long distance services in certain U.S. states.

Beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, UCaaS is a separate reportable segment. The UCaaS segment is comprised of offerings from the Company’s net2phone division, including (1) cable telephony, (2) hosted PBX, (3) SIP trunking, which supports inbound and outbound domestic and international calling from an IP PBX, and (4) PicuP, a highly-automated business phone service that answers, routes and manages voice calls. The operations that comprise the UCaaS segment were included in the Telecom Platform Services segment from the inception of each until July 31, 2016. Comparative results have been reclassified and restated as if UCaaS was a separate segment in all periods presented.

Telecom Platform Services, UCaaS and Consumer Phone Services comprise the IDT Telecom division.

Operating segments not reportable individually are included in All Other. All Other includes the Company’s real estate holdings and other smaller businesses. Prior to the Zedge Spin-Off, All Other included Zedge, which provides a content platform that enables consumers to personalize their mobile devices with free ringtones, wallpapers, home screen app icons and notification sounds. Corporate costs include certain services, such as compensation, consulting fees, treasury and accounts payable, tax and accounting services, human resources and payroll, corporate purchasing, corporate governance including Board of Directors’ fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate legal, business development, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses including, among others, facilities costs, charitable contributions and travel, as well as depreciation expense on corporate assets. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any direct cost of revenues.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. The Company evaluates the performance of its business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations. IDT Telecom depreciation and amortization are allocated to Telecom Platform Services, UCaaS and Consumer Phone Services because the related assets are not tracked separately by segment. There are no other significant asymmetrical allocations to segments.

Operating results for the business segments of the Company are as follows:

(in thousands)	Telecom Platform Services			UCaaS			Consumer Phone Services		All Other		Corporate			Total
Three Months Ended January 31, 2017
Revenues	$	358,528		$	7,142		$	1,396	$	490	$	—		$	367,556
Income (loss) from operations		6,948			(464	)		239		82		(3,677	)		3,128
Other operating expense		—			—			—		—		(889	)		(889	)
Three Months Ended January 31, 2016
Revenues	$	370,575		$	6,117		$	1,766	$	3,996	$	—		$	382,454
Income (loss) from operations		6,878			(576	)		289		1,845		(2,059	)		6,377
Other operating expense		(326	)		—			—		—		—			(326	)
Six Months Ended January 31, 2017
Revenues	$	718,550		$	14,278		$	2,885	$	994	$	—		$	736,707
Income (loss) from operations		13,192			(639	)		540		172		(4,951	)		8,314
Other operating expense		—			—			—		—		(1,088	)		(1,088	)
Six Months Ended January 31, 2016
Revenues	$	749,217		$	13,163		$	3,595	$	7,057	$	—		$	773,032
Income (loss) from operations		16,905			(878	)		629		2,275		(4,628	)		14,303
Other operating expense		(326	)		—			—		—		—			(326	)

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Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 13—Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

On May 5, 2004, the Company filed a complaint in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, seeking injunctive relief and damages against Tyco Group, S.A.R.L., Tyco Telecommunications (US) Inc. (f/k/a TyCom (US) Inc.), Tyco International, Ltd., Tyco International (US) Inc., and TyCom Ltd. (collectively “Tyco”). The Company alleged that Tyco breached a settlement agreement that it had entered into with the Company to resolve certain disputes and civil actions among the parties. The Company alleged that Tyco did not provide the Company, as required under the settlement agreement, free of charge and for the Company’s exclusive use, a 15-year indefeasible right to use four Wavelengths in Ring Configuration (as defined in the settlement agreement) on a global undersea fiber optic network that Tyco was deploying at that time. After extensive proceedings, including several decisions and appeals, the New York Court of Appeals affirmed a lower court decision to dismiss the Company’s claim and denied the Company’s motion for re-argument of that decision. On June 23, 2015, the Company filed a new summons and complaint against Tyco in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York alleging that Tyco breached the settlement agreement. In September 2015, Tyco filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, which the Company opposed. Oral argument was held on March 9, 2016. On October 17, 2016, the judge granted Tyco’s motion and dismissed the complaint. On November 17, 2016, the Company filed a Notice of Appeal.

In addition to the foregoing, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and have not been finally adjudicated. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company believes that none of the other legal proceedings to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Purchase Commitments

The Company had purchase commitments of $1.7 million at January 31, 2017.

Letters of Credit

At January 31, 2017, the Company had letters of credit outstanding totaling $0.1 million for IDT Telecom’s business. The letters of credit outstanding at January 31, 2017 expire in the twelve-month period ending January 31, 2018.

Performance Bonds

IDT Payment Services and IDT Telecom have performance bonds issued through third parties for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states’ financial requirements for money remittance licenses and telecommunications resellers, respectively. At January 31, 2017, the Company had aggregate performance bonds of $13.8 million outstanding.

Customer Deposits

At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, “Customer deposits” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets included refundable customer deposits of $87.5 million and $95.8 million, respectively, related to IDT Financial Services Ltd., the Company’s Gibraltar-based bank.

Substantially Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company treats unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services and IDT Financial Services Ltd. as substantially restricted and unavailable for other purposes. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, “Cash and cash equivalents” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets included an aggregate of $10.7 million and $16.0 million, respectively, held by IDT Payment Services and IDT Financial Services Ltd. that was unavailable for other purposes.

Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

Restricted cash and cash equivalents consist of the following:

	January 31, 2017		July 31, 2016
	(in thousands)
IDT Financial Services customer deposits	$	89,134	$	98,500
Related to letters of credit		97		122
Other		189		200
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents	$	89,420	$	98,822

Other Contingencies

On July 31, 2013, the Company completed a pro rata distribution of the common stock of the Company’s subsidiary Straight Path Communications Inc. (“Straight Path”) to the Company’s stockholders. On September 20, 2016, the Company received a letter of inquiry from the Enforcement Bureau of the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) requesting certain information and materials related to an investigation of potential violations by Straight Path Spectrum LLC (formerly a subsidiary of the Company and currently a subsidiary of Straight Path) in connection with licenses to operate on the 28 GHz and 39 GHz bands of the Fixed Microwave Services. The Company has been cooperating with the FCC in this matter and has responded to the letter of inquiry. In the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, the Company incurred legal fees of $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, related to this inquiry, which is included in “Other operating expense” in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. As disclosed in Straight Path’s filings with the SEC, Straight Path has entered into a consent decree with the FCC that terminates the FCC’s related investigation against Straight Path.

If the FCC were to pursue separate action against the Company, the FCC could seek to fine or impose regulatory penalties or civil liability on the Company related to activities during the period of ownership by the Company. Further, the Company could be the subject of a claim from Straight Path for indemnification related to its liability related to the consent decree. The Company would vigorously defend against any such claims or actions.

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Other (Expense) Income, Net

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Other (Expense) Income, Net [Abstract]

Other (Expense) Income, Net

Note 14—Other (Expense) Income, Net

Other (expense) income, net consists of the following:

	Three Months Ended January 31,						Six Months Ended  January 31,
	2017			2016			2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains	$	(729	)	$	(1,096	)	$	1,330	$	(2,258	)
Gain on sale of marketable securities		305			—			305		543
Gain on investments		32			236			295		80
Other		(27	)		626			44		791
Total other (expense) income, net	$	(419	)	$	(234	)	$	1,974	$	(844	)

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Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 15—Income Taxes

In the six months ended January 31, 2017, the Company determined that its valuation allowance on the losses of Elmion Netherlands B.V., a Netherlands subsidiary, was no longer required due to an internal reorganization that generated income and a projection of net income in future periods. The Company recorded a benefit from income taxes of $16.6 million in the six months ended January 31, 2017 from the full recognition of the Elmion Netherlands B.V. deferred tax assets.

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Recently Issued Accounting Standard Not Yet Adopted

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Recently Issued Accounting Standard Not Yet Adopted [Abstract]

Recently Issued Accounting Standard Not Yet Adopted

Note 16—Recently Issued Accounting Standard Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and the International Accounting Standards Board jointly issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede most of the current revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). The goals of the revenue recognition project were to clarify and converge the revenue recognition principles under U.S. GAAP and IFRS and to develop guidance that would streamline and enhance revenue recognition requirements. The Company will adopt this standard on August 1, 2018. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. The Company is evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) to provide more information about recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. The amendments in the ASU include, among other changes, the following: (1) equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method or that result in consolidation) will be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, (2) a qualitative assessment each reporting period to identify impairment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values, (3) financial assets and financial liabilities will be presented separately by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the notes to the financial statements, and (4) an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. Entities will no longer be able to recognize unrealized holding gains and losses on equity securities classified as available-for-sale in other comprehensive income. In addition, a practicability exception will be available for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and do not qualify for the net asset value practical expedient. These investments may be measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Entities will have to reassess at each reporting period whether an investment qualifies for this practicability exception. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact that the ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2019. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. The new standard simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences and classification on the statement of cash flows. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2017. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances instead of reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more information about allowances, credit quality indicators and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2020. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that includes specific guidance on the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this ASU require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents will be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of the period and end of the period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The ASU will be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The adoption will impact the Company’s beginning of the period and end of the period cash and cash equivalents balance in its statement of cash flows, as well as its net cash provided by operating activities.

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Zedge Spin-Off (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Disposition Of Subsidiary [Abstract]

Schedule of consolidated statements of income

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended  January 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Income before income taxes	$	—	$	1,976	$	—	$	2,226
Income before income taxes attributable to IDT Corporation	$	—	$	1,757	$	—	$	1,978

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Marketable Securities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Marketable Securities [Abstract]

Summary of marketable securities

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities:
January 31, 2017:
Certificates of deposit*	$	19,335	$	2	$	(1	)	$	19,336
Federal Government Sponsored Enterprise notes		6,331		—		(23	)		6,308
International agency notes		653		—		(10	)		643
Mutual funds		5,223		15		(1	)		5,237
Corporate bonds		3,290		6		(13	)		3,283
Equity		379		42		—			421
U.S. Treasury notes		5,035		2		(68	)		4,969
Municipal bonds		13,082		3		(9	)		13,076
Total	$	53,328	$	70	$	(125	)	$	53,273
July 31, 2016:
Certificates of deposit*	$	17,690	$	6	$	—		$	17,696
Federal Government Sponsored Enterprise notes		3,457		17		—			3,474
International agency notes		409		5		—			414
Mutual funds		5,121		—		(39	)		5,082
Corporate bonds		3,633		40		—			3,673
Equity		2,463		—		(140	)		2,323
U.S. Treasury notes		4,946		95		(1	)		5,040
Municipal bonds		15,222		26		(1	)		15,247
Total	$	52,941	$	189	$	(181	)	$	52,949

* Each of the Company’s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP, was purchased in the secondary market through a broker, and may be sold in the secondary market.

Summary of available-for-sale securities

	Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Within one year	$	26,264
After one year through five years		18,266
After five years through ten years		2,369
After ten years		716
Total	$	47,615

Summary of available-for-sale securities, unrealized loss position

	Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
January 31, 2017:
Certificates of deposit	$	1	$	3,164
Federal Government Sponsored Enterprise notes		23		6,265
International agency notes		10		643
Mutual funds		1		2,600
Corporate bonds		13		2,239
U.S. Treasury notes		68		4,408
Municipal bonds		9		9,878
Total	$	125	$	29,197
July 31, 2016:
Mutual funds	$	39	$	5,082
Equity		140		2,323
U.S. Treasury notes		1		199
Municipal bonds		1		3,112
Total	$	181	$	10,716

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]

Summary of balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

	Level 1 (1)		Level 2 (2)		Level 3 (3)		Total
	(in thousands)
January 31, 2017
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities	$	10,627	$	42,646	$	—	$	53,273
July 31, 2016
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities	$	12,445	$	40,504	$	—	$	52,949

(1) – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

(2) – observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

(3) – no observable pricing inputs in the market

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Derivative Instruments (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Derivative Instruments [Abstract]

Schedule of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income

		Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives
		Three Months Ended  January 31,					Six Months Ended  January 31,
Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as  hedging instruments	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives	2017		2016			2017		2016
		(in thousands)
Foreign exchange forwards	Other (expense) income, net	$	—	$	(123	)	$	—	$	(225	)

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Equity (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Equity [Abstract]

Summary of changes in the components of equity

	Six Months Ended January 31, 2017
	Attributable to IDT Corporation			Noncontrolling Interests			Total
	(in thousands)
Balance, July 31, 2016	$	123,797		$	406		$	124,203
Dividends declared ($0.38 per share)		(8,765	)		—			(8,765	)
Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees		(1,838	)		—			(1,838	)
Exercise of stock options		835			—			835
Issuance of member interests in CS Pharma Holdings, LLC (see Note 3)		1,850			8,150			10,000
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		—			(817	)		(817	)
Stock-based compensation		2,128			—			2,128
Comprehensive income:
Net income		22,794			758			23,552
Other comprehensive loss		(2,466	)		—			(2,466	)
Comprehensive income		20,328			758			21,086
Balance, January 31, 2017	$	138,335		$	8,497		$	146,832

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Summary of weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended January 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Basic weighted-average number of shares		22,768		22,799		22,740		22,867
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options		77		—		58		—
Non-vested restricted Class B common stock		118		—		133		17
Diluted weighted-average number of shares		22,963		22,799		22,931		22,884

Shares excluded from the diluted earnings per share computations

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended January 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share		3		265		18		266

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Abstract]

Schedule of accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive loss

	Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Foreign Currency Translation			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized
	(in thousands)
Balance, July 31, 2016	$	8		$	(3,752	)	$	(3,744	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation before reclassifications		242			(2,403	)		(2,161	)
Less: reclassification for gain included in net income		(305	)		—			(305	)	Other (expense) income, net
Net other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation		(63	)		(2,403	)		(2,466	)
Balance, January 31, 2017	$	(55	)	$	(6,155	)	$	(6,210	)

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Business Segment Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Business Segment Information [Abstract]

Summary of operating results of business segments

(in thousands)	Telecom Platform Services			UCaaS			Consumer Phone Services		All Other		Corporate			Total
Three Months Ended January 31, 2017
Revenues	$	358,528		$	7,142		$	1,396	$	490	$	—		$	367,556
Income (loss) from operations		6,948			(464	)		239		82		(3,677	)		3,128
Other operating expense		—			—			—		—		(889	)		(889	)
Three Months Ended January 31, 2016
Revenues	$	370,575		$	6,117		$	1,766	$	3,996	$	—		$	382,454
Income (loss) from operations		6,878			(576	)		289		1,845		(2,059	)		6,377
Other operating expense		(326	)		—			—		—		—			(326	)
Six Months Ended January 31, 2017
Revenues	$	718,550		$	14,278		$	2,885	$	994	$	—		$	736,707
Income (loss) from operations		13,192			(639	)		540		172		(4,951	)		8,314
Other operating expense		—			—			—		—		(1,088	)		(1,088	)
Six Months Ended January 31, 2016
Revenues	$	749,217		$	13,163		$	3,595	$	7,057	$	—		$	773,032
Income (loss) from operations		16,905			(878	)		629		2,275		(4,628	)		14,303
Other operating expense		(326	)		—			—		—		—			(326	)

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]

Schedule of restricted cash and cash equivalents

	January 31, 2017		July 31, 2016
	(in thousands)
IDT Financial Services customer deposits	$	89,134	$	98,500
Related to letters of credit		97		122
Other		189		200
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents	$	89,420	$	98,822

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Other (Expense) Income, Net (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2017

Other (Expense) Income, Net [Abstract]

Schedule of other (expense) income, net

	Three Months Ended January 31,						Six Months Ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains	$	(729	)	$	(1,096	)	$	1,330	$	(2,258	)
Gain on sale of marketable securities		305			—			305		543
Gain on investments		32			236			295		80
Other		(27	)		626			44		791
Total other (expense) income, net	$	(419	)	$	(234	)	$	1,974	$	(844	)

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Zedge Spin-Off (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Income before income taxes	$ 3,018	$ 6,677	$ 10,897	$ 14,151
Zedge [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Income before income taxes		1,976		2,226
Income before income taxes attributable to IDT Corporation		$ 1,757		$ 1,978

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Investment in Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 04, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jul. 31, 2016	Apr. 14, 2016	Mar. 23, 2016	Jan. 21, 2016
Investment In Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Textual)
Proceeds from issuance of member interests			$ 10,000		$ 8,800
Purchase price			1,250
Howard S. Jonas [Member]
Investment In Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Textual)
Percentage of direct and indirect interest	10.00%
Purchase price	$ 1,000
Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. [Member]
Investment In Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Textual)
Initial amount of investment funded upon signing the Subscription and Loan Agreement			2,000
Convertible promissory note, principal amount			$ 2,000
Convertible promissory note, rate of interest			3.50%
Initial amount of investment amounts paid						$ 1,450	$ 50	$ 500
Maximum amount of investment			$ 10,000
Investments			10,000		$ 2,000
Maximum exposure to loss			$ 10,000
Proceeds from third party member interests, description			At July 31, 2016, the $8.8 million received was included in "Other current liabilities" in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet pending the issuance of the member interests.
Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. [Member] | Convertible promissory note [Member] | Howard and Deborah Jonas [Member]
Investment In Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Textual)
Series C Convertible notes			$ 525
Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. [Member] | Convertible promissory note [Member] | The Howard S. and Deborah Jonas Foundation [Member]
Investment In Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Textual)
Series C Convertible notes			525
CS Pharma Holdings, LLC [Member]
Investment In Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Textual)
Maximum amount of investment			$ 10,000
Holds percentages of interest			50.00%
CS Pharma Holdings, LLC [Member] | Convertible promissory note ("Series D Note") [Member]
Investment In Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Textual)
Convertible promissory note, principal amount		$ 10,000
Convertible promissory note, rate of interest		3.50%
Convertible promissory note, maturity date		Sep. 16, 2018
Remaining amount of investment funded		$ 8,000
Purchase shares of capital stock percentage			56.00%
Exercise warrants value			$ 10,000
Initial amount of investment amounts paid			$ 5,000
Convertible notes conversion features, description			The Series D Note also includes a mandatory conversion into Cornerstone common stock upon a qualified initial public offering, and conversion at the holder's option upon an unqualified financing event. In all cases, the Series D Note conversion price is based on the applicable financing purchase price.
Warrants expiry date			Dec. 31, 2020
Warrant, description			The exercise price of the warrant is the lower of 70% of the price sold in an equity financing, or $1.25 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The minimum initial and subsequent exercises of the warrant shall be for such number of shares that will result in at least $5 million of gross proceeds to Cornerstone, or such lesser amount as represents 5% of the outstanding capital stock of Cornerstone, or such lesser amount as may then remain unexercised. The warrant will expire upon the earlier of December 31, 2020 or a qualified initial public offering or liquidation event.

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Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Jan. 31, 2017	Jul. 31, 2016
Available-for-sale securities:
Amortized Cost		$ 53,328	$ 52,941
Gross Unrealized Gains, Total		70	189
Gross Unrealized Losses, Total		(125)	(181)
Fair Value		53,273	52,949
Certificates of deposit [Member]
Available-for-sale securities:
Amortized Cost	[1]	19,335	17,690
Gross Unrealized Gains	[1]	2	6
Gross Unrealized Losses	[1]	(1)
Fair Value	[1]	19,336	17,696
Federal Government Sponsored Enterprise notes [Member]
Available-for-sale securities:
Amortized Cost		6,331	3,457
Gross Unrealized Gains			17
Gross Unrealized Losses		(23)
Fair Value		6,308	3,474
International agency notes [Member]
Available-for-sale securities:
Amortized Cost		653	409
Gross Unrealized Gains			5
Gross Unrealized Losses		(10)
Fair Value		643	414
Mutual funds [Member]
Available-for-sale securities:
Amortized Cost		5,223	5,121
Gross Unrealized Gains on Equity		15
Gross Unrealized Losses on Equity		(1)	(39)
Fair Value		5,237	5,082
Corporate bonds [Member]
Available-for-sale securities:
Amortized Cost		3,290	3,633
Gross Unrealized Gains		6	40
Gross Unrealized Losses		(13)
Fair Value		3,283	3,673
Equity [Member]
Available-for-sale securities:
Amortized Cost		379	2,463
Gross Unrealized Gains on Equity		42
Gross Unrealized Losses on Equity			(140)
Fair Value		421	2,323
U.S. Treasury notes [Member]
Available-for-sale securities:
Amortized Cost		5,035	4,946
Gross Unrealized Gains		2	95
Gross Unrealized Losses		(68)	(1)
Fair Value		4,969	5,040
Municipal bonds [Member]
Available-for-sale securities:
Amortized Cost		13,082	15,222
Gross Unrealized Gains		3	26
Gross Unrealized Losses		(9)	(1)
Fair Value		$ 13,076	$ 15,247

[1] Each of the Company's certificates of deposit has a CUSIP, was purchased in the secondary market through a broker, and may be sold in the secondary market.

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Marketable Securities (Details 1) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Marketable Securities [Abstract]
Within one year	$ 26,264
After one year through five years	18,266
After five years through ten years	2,369
After ten years	716
Total	$ 47,615

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Marketable Securities (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2017	Jul. 31, 2016
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized Losses	$ 125	$ 181
Fair Value	29,197	10,716
Certificates of deposit [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized Losses	1
Fair Value	3,164
Federal Government Sponsored Enterprise notes [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized Losses	23
Fair Value	6,265
International agency notes [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized Losses	10
Fair Value	643
Mutual funds [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized Losses	1	39
Fair Value	2,600	5,082
Corporate bonds [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized Losses	13
Fair Value	2,239
U.S. Treasury notes [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized Losses	68	1
Fair Value	4,408	199
Municipal bonds [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized Losses	9	1
Fair Value	$ 9,878	3,112
Equity [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized Losses		140
Fair Value		$ 2,323

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Marketable Securities (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jul. 31, 2016
Marketable Securities (Textual)
Proceeds from maturities and sales of available-for-sale securities		$ 10,800	$ 9,900	$ 16,800	$ 18,700
Realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities		300		300	$ 500
Unrealized losses, less than twelve months or longer
Zedge [Member]
Marketable Securities (Textual)
Shares received from subsidiary	23,227
Amount paid for related party shares received in connection with restricted stock	$ 74
Shares owned fair value	$ 77	$ 77		$ 77

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Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Jan. 31, 2017	Jul. 31, 2016
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities		$ 53,273	$ 52,949
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities	[1]	10,627	12,445
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities	[2]	42,646	40,504
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities	[3]

[1] quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

[2] observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

[3] no observable pricing inputs in the market

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Fair Value Measurements (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jan. 31, 2017	Jul. 31, 2016
Fair Value Measurements (Textual)
Fair value of investments in hedge funds	$ 8.4	$ 8.1
Carrying value of investments	$ 15.4	$ 7.0

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Derivative Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016
Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange forwards		$ (123)		$ (225)

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Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016
Changes in the components of equity
Beginning Balance			$ 124,203
Dividends declared ($0.38 per share)			(8,765)
Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees			(1,838)
Exercise of stock options			835
Issuance of member interests in CS Pharma Holdings, LLC			10,000
Distributions to noncontrolling interests			(817)
Stock-based compensation			2,128
Comprehensive income:
Net income	$ 1,257	$ 4,663	23,552	$ 9,240
Other comprehensive loss	419	(4,154)	(2,466)	(3,515)
Comprehensive income	1,676	$ 509	21,086	$ 5,725
Ending Balance	146,832		146,832
Attributable to IDT Corporation [Member]
Changes in the components of equity
Beginning Balance			123,797
Dividends declared ($0.38 per share)			(8,765)
Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees			(1,838)
Exercise of stock options			835
Issuance of member interests in CS Pharma Holdings, LLC			1,850
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
Stock-based compensation			2,128
Comprehensive income:
Net income			22,794
Other comprehensive loss			(2,466)
Comprehensive income			20,328
Ending Balance	138,335		138,335
Noncontrolling Interests [Member]
Changes in the components of equity
Beginning Balance			406
Dividends declared ($0.38 per share)
Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees
Exercise of stock options
Issuance of member interests in CS Pharma Holdings, LLC			8,150
Distributions to noncontrolling interests			(817)
Stock-based compensation
Comprehensive income:
Net income			758
Other comprehensive loss
Comprehensive income			758
Ending Balance	$ 8,497		$ 8,497

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Equity (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 14, 2016	Mar. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Dividends paid			$ 8,800	$ 8,600
Dividends paid per share in cash			$ 0.38
Proceeds from exercise of stock options			$ 835
Class A common stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Dividends paid per share in cash			$ 0.38	$ 0.37
Class A common stock [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock dividends declared		$ 0.19
Paid date of declared dividend		Mar. 24, 2017
Record date of declared dividend		Mar. 17, 2017
Class B common stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Dividends paid per share in cash			$ 0.38	$ 0.37
Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees, shares			8,000,000
Stock repurchase program, remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased			8,000,000
Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased				$ 4,600
Class B common stock shares repurchased				398,376
Number of additional shares authorized	100,000
Stock issued for stock option exercises			73,471
Class B common stock [Member] | Employee [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased			$ 1,800	$ 1,000
Class B common stock shares repurchased			94,338	11,250
Class B common stock [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock dividends declared		$ 0.19
Paid date of declared dividend		Mar. 24, 2017
Record date of declared dividend		Mar. 17, 2017

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Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016
Weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share
Basic weighted-average number of shares	22,768	22,799	22,740	22,867
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options	77		58
Non-vested restricted Class B common stock	118		133	17
Diluted weighted-average number of shares	22,963	22,799	22,931	22,884

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Earnings Per Share (Details 1) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016
Stock options excluded from the diluted earnings per share computations
Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share	3	265	18	266

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Revolving Credit Loan Payable (Details)
$ in Millions

6 Months Ended

Jul. 12, 2012

USD ($)

BasisPoint

Jan. 31, 2017

USD ($)

Jul. 31, 2016

USD ($)

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Maximum principal amount of credit agreement

$ 25.0

Unused outstanding amount

$ 25.0

Line of credit maturity date

Jan. 31, 2018

Average percentage of commitment fee per annum

0.375%

Maximum amount of investments in and advances to affiliates, at fair value

$ 110.0

Aggregate loans and advances to affiliates and subsidiaries

$ 105.0

$ 91.1

Line of credit utilized for letters of credit outstanding amount

Line of credit [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Line of credit facility, outstanding

July 12, 2012 [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Interest rate description

The principal outstanding bears interest per annum, at the option of IDT Telecom, at either (a) the U.S. Prime Rate less 125 basis points, or (b) the LIBOR rate adjusted by the Regulation D maximum reserve requirement plus 150 basis points.

Prime Rate [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

U.S. Prime Rate basis points | BasisPoint

125

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Accrued Severance Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2017
Accrued Severance Expense (Textual)
Severance expense	$ 6.3
July 2016 workforce reduction [Member]
Accrued Severance Expense (Textual)
Accrued severance	$ 5.7	$ 2.3

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Balance, July 31, 2016			$ (3,744)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation before reclassifications			(2,161)
Net other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation	$ 419	$ (4,154)	(2,466)	$ (3,515)
Balance, January 31, 2017	(6,210)		(6,210)
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Balance, July 31, 2016			8
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation before reclassifications			242
Net other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation			(63)
Balance, January 31, 2017	(55)		(55)
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities [Member] | Other (expense) income, net [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Less: reclassification for gain included in net income			(305)
Foreign Currency Translation [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Balance, July 31, 2016			(3,752)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation before reclassifications			(2,403)
Net other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation			(2,403)
Balance, January 31, 2017	(6,155)		(6,155)
Foreign Currency Translation [Member] | Other (expense) income, net [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Less: reclassification for gain included in net income
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Balance, July 31, 2016			(3,744)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation before reclassifications			(2,161)
Net other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation			(2,466)
Balance, January 31, 2017	$ (6,210)		(6,210)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member] | Other (expense) income, net [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Less: reclassification for gain included in net income			$ (305)

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Business Segment Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 367,556	$ 382,454	$ 736,707	$ 773,032
Income (loss) from operations	3,128	6,377	8,314	14,303
Other operating expense	(889)	(326)	(1,088)	(326)
Operating Segments [Member] | Telecom Platform Services [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	358,528	370,575	718,550	749,217
Income (loss) from operations	6,948	6,878	13,192	16,905
Other operating expense		(326)		(326)
Operating Segments [Member] | UCaaS [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	7,142	6,117	14,278	13,163
Income (loss) from operations	(464)	(576)	(639)	(878)
Other operating expense
Operating Segments [Member] | Consumer Phone Services [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	1,396	1,766	2,885	3,595
Income (loss) from operations	239	289	540	629
Other operating expense
Operating Segments [Member] | All Other [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	490	3,996	994	7,057
Income (loss) from operations	82	1,845	172	2,275
Other operating expense
Operating Segments [Member] | Corporate [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues
Income (loss) from operations	(3,677)	(2,059)	(4,951)	(4,628)
Other operating expense	$ (889)		$ (1,088)

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Business Segment Information (Details Textual)	6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017 Segment
Business Segment Information (Textual)
Number of reportable segments	3

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2017	Jul. 31, 2016
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents	$ 89,420	$ 98,822
IDT Financial Services customer deposits [Member]
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents	89,134	98,500
Related to letters of credit [Member]
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents	97	122
Other [Member]
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents	$ 189	$ 200

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jul. 31, 2016
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Purchase commitment of company	$ 1,700		$ 1,700
Letters of credit outstanding	100		100
Performance bonds outstanding	13,800		13,800
Refundable customer deposits	87,468		87,468		$ 95,843
Legal fees	889	$ 326	1,088	$ 326
IDT Financial Services Ltd. [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Refundable customer deposits	87,500		87,500		95,800
IDT Payment Services and IDT Financial Services Ltd. [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	$ 10,700		$ 10,700		$ 16,000
Expire on January 31, 2018 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Letters of credit expiration date			Jan. 31, 2018

XML

Other (Expense) Income, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016
Other (Expense) Income, Net [Abstract]
Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains	$ (729)	$ (1,096)	$ 1,330	$ (2,258)
(Loss) gain on marketable securities	305		305	543
Gain (loss) on investments	32	236	295	80
Other	(27)	626	44	791
Total other (expense) income, net	$ (419)	$ (234)	$ 1,974	$ (844)

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes	$ (1,761)	$ (2,014)	$ 12,655	$ (4,911)
Elmion Netherlands B.V. [Member]
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes			$ 16,600