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Earnings Per Share
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2012
Earnings Per Share Abstract  
Earnings Per Share Text Block

15.       Earnings per Share and Stock Plans

 

Earnings per Share

 

The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share.” Basic earnings per share exclude any dilutive effects of options, warrants, and convertible securities. Diluted earnings per share include any dilutive effects of stock options, unvested restricted stock units, unvested performance shares, and unvested restricted stock. Stock options and performance shares with respect to 184,000, 249,000 and 193,000 common shares were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, because they were antidilutive.

 

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

 

     
  Year Ended March 31,
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:201220112010
     
 Income (loss) from continuing operations $ 25,915$ (36,346)$ (7,544)
 Income from discontinued operations (net of tax) 1,052 396 531
 Net income (loss)$ 26,967$ (35,950)$ (7,013)
     
Denominators:   
 Weighted-average common stock outstanding— denominator for basic EPS 19,272 19,047 18,963
 Effect of dilutive employee stock options, RSU's and performance shares 240--
 Adjusted weighted-average common stock outstanding and assumed conversions— denominator for diluted EPS 19,512 19,047 18,963
     
The weighted-average common stock outstanding shown above is net of unallocated ESOP shares (see Note 14).

Stock Plans

 

The Company records stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” applying the modified prospective method. This Statement requires all equity-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statement of earnings based on the grant date fair value of the award. Under the modified prospective method, the Company is required to record equity-based compensation expense for all awards granted after the date of adoption and for the unvested portion of previously granted awards outstanding as of the date of adoption.

 

Prior to the adoptions of the 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan, the Company maintained several different stock plans, specifically: 1995 Incentive Stock Option Plan, Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan, Restricted Stock Plan and 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan, collectively referred to as the “Prior Stock Plans”. The specifics of each of these plans are discussed below.

 

Stock based compensation expense was $2,913,000, $2,484,000, and $1,824,000 for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Stock compensation expense is included in cost of goods sold, selling, and general and administrative expense. The Company recognizes expense for all share–based awards over the service period, which is the shorter of the period until the employees' retirement eligibility dates or the service period for the award for awards expected to vest. Accordingly, expense is generally reduced for estimated forfeitures. ASC Topic 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

 

The Company recognized compensation expense for stock option awards and unvested restricted share awards that vest based on time or market parameters straight-line over the requisite service period for vesting of the award.

 

Long Term Incentive Plan

 

On July 26, 2010, the shareholders of the Company approved the 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”). The Company grants share based compensation to eligible participants under the LTIP. The total number of shares of common stock with respect to which awards may be granted under the plan is 1,250,000 including shares not previously authorized for issuance under any of the Prior Stock Plans and any shares not issued or subject to outstanding awards under the Prior Stock Plans. As of March 31, 2012, 1,099,000 shares remain for future grants. The LTIP was designed as an omnibus plan and awards may consist of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, or stock bonuses.

 

Under the plan, the granting of awards to employees may take the form of options, restricted shares, and performance shares. The Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors determines the number of shares, the term, the frequency and date, the type, the exercise periods, any performance criteria pursuant to which awards may be granted and the restriction and other terms and conditions of each grant in accordance with terms of our Plan.

 

 

Stock Option Plans

 

Existing prior to the adoption of the LTIP, the Company maintained two stock option plans, a Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan (Non-Qualified Plan) and an Incentive Stock Option Plan (Incentive Plan). Effective with adoption of the LTIP no new grants can be made from the Non-Qualified Plan or the Incentive Stock Plan. Options outstanding under the Non-Qualified Plan or the Incentive Stock Plan generally become exercisable over a four-year period at a rate of 25% per year commencing one year from the date of grant and exercise price of not less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the Non-Qualified Plan or the Incentive Stock Plan are exercisable not earlier than one year and not later than ten years from the date such option was granted.

 

A summary of option transactions during each of the three fiscal years in the period ended March 31, 2012 is as follows:

  Weighted-average Exercise PriceWeighted-average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Shares
Outstanding at April 1, 2009 725,655$ 13.51  
Granted 160,700 13.73  
Exercised (45,500) 6.40  
Cancelled (194,596)$ 21.11  
Outstanding at March 31, 2010 646,259 12.02  
Granted 102,772 18.28  
Exercised (6,625) 8.52  
Cancelled (22,323)$ 16.51  
Outstanding at March 31, 2011 720,083 12.81  
Granted 106,674 16.00  
Exercised (171,970) 8.36  
Cancelled (12,780) 16.29  
Outstanding at March 31, 2012 642,007$ 14.465.7$ 2,406
Exercisable at March 31, 2012 366,781$ 12.313.9$ 2,163

The Company calculated intrinsic value for those options that had an exercise price lower than the market price of our common shares as of March 31, 2012. The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options as of March 31, 2012 is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and the market price of our common shares for the 458,000 options that were in-the-money at that date. The aggregate intrinsic value of exercisable options as of March 31, 2012 is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and the market price of our common shares for the 337,000 exercisable options that were in-the-money at that date. The Company's closing stock price was $16.29 as of March 31, 2012. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $1,466,000, $40,000, and $324,000 during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. As of March 31, 2012, there are 0 options available for future grants under the two stock option plans.

 

The fair value of shares that vested was $8.96, $9.33, and $12.32 during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

Cash received from option exercises under all share-based payment arrangements during fiscal 2012 was approximately $1,438,000. Proceeds from the exercise of stock options under stock option plans are credited to common stock at par value and the excess is credited to additional paid-in capital.

 

As of March 31, 2012, $1,464,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 3 years.

 

Exercise prices for options outstanding as of March 31, 2012, ranged from $5.46 to $28.45. The following table provides certain information with respect to stock options outstanding at March 31, 2012:

 

      
 Stock Options Outstanding Weighted-average Exercise Price Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Life
Range of Exercise Prices     
Up to $10.00 184,725 $ 5.47  2.1
$10.01 to $20.00 346,004  16.50  8.0
$20.01 to $30.00 111,278  23.01  4.5
  642,007 $ 14.46  5.7

The following table provides certain information with respect to stock options exercisable at March 31, 2012:

 

   
 Stock Options OutstandingWeighted-average Exercise Price
Range of Exercise Prices
Up to $10.00 184,725$ 5.47
$10.01 to $20.0089,423 15.24
$20.01 to $30.00 92,633 23.13
 366,781$ 12.31

The fair value of stock options granted was estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility. Because the Company's employee stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management's opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its employee stock options. The weighted-average fair value of the options was $9.81, $9.29, and $8.18 for options granted during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The following table provides the weighted-average assumptions used to value stock options granted during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010:

   Year Ended March 31, 2012 Year Ended March 31, 2011 Year Ended March 31, 2010
     
Assumptions:      
 Risk-free interest rate 0.81% 1.33% 1.97%
 Dividend yield—Incentive Plan  0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
 Volatility factor 0.598 0.587 0.591
 Expected life—Incentive Plan 5.5 years 5.5 years 5.5 years

To determine expected volatility, the Company uses historical volatility based on daily closing prices of its Common Stock over periods that correlate with the expected terms of the options granted. The risk-free rate is based on the United States Treasury yield curve at the time of grant for the appropriate term of the options granted. Expected dividends are based on the Company's history and expectation of dividend payouts. The expected term of stock options is based on vesting schedules, expected exercise patterns and contractual terms.

 

Restricted Stock Units

 

The Company granted restricted stock units under the LTIP during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010 to employees as well as to the Company's non-executive directors as part of their annual compensation. Restricted shares for employees vest ratably based on service one-third after each of years three, four, and five.

 

A summary of the restricted stock unit awards granted under the Company's LTIP plan as of March 31, 2012 is as follows:

 

   Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
Shares 
Unvested at April 1, 2009 34,978$ 23.95
Granted 78,647  13.30
Vested (8,600)  22.40
Forfeited (5,434)  14.55
Unvested at March 31, 2010 99,591  16.21
Granted 95,947  17.87
Vested (25,318)  15.01
Forfeited (12,671)  18.30
Unvested at March 31, 2011 157,549  17.25
Granted 68,537  18.22
Vested (49,254)  17.21
Forfeited (6,232)  17.76
Unvested at March 31, 2012 170,600$ 17.60

Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units as of March 31, 2012 is $1,933,000 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3 years. The fair value of restricted stock units that vested during the year ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 was $1,265,000 and $380,000, respectively.

 

Performance Shares

 

The Company granted performance shares under the LTIP during fiscal 2012, 2011, and 2010. Performance shares granted are based upon the Company's performance over a three year period depending on the Company's total shareholder return relative to a group of peer companies. Performance based nonvested shares are recognized as compensation expense based on fair value on date of grant, the number of shares ultimately expected to vest and the vesting period. For accounting purposes, the performance shares are considered to have a market condition. The effect of the market condition is reflected in the grant date fair value of the award and, thus compensation expense is recognized on this type of award provided that the requisite service is rendered (regardless of whether the market condition is achieved). The Company estimated the fair value of each performance share granted under the LTIP on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation that uses the assumptions noted in the following table. Expected volatility is based upon the daily historical volatilities of Columbus McKinnon's stock and our peer group. The risk free rate was based on zero coupon government bonds at the time of grant. The expected term represents the period from the grant date to the end of the three year performance period. The following table provides the weighted-average assumptions used to value performance shares granted during fiscal 2012, 2011, and 2010.

 

  Year Ended March 31, 2012 Year Ended March 31, 2011Year Ended March 31, 2010
   
Assumptions:    
  Risk-free interest rate 0.86% 1.29%1.21%
  Dividend yield 0.0% 0.0%0.0%
  Volatility factor 0.610 0.6350.641
  Expected life 2.86 years 2.87 years2.87 years

A summary of the performance shares transactions during each of the three fiscal years in the period ended March 31, 2012 is as follows:

 

  Weighted-average
  Grant Date
Shares Fair Value
Unvested at April 1, 2009 45,079$ 22.66
Granted 64,614 17.12
Forfeited (20,059) 19.40
Vested (8,062) 19.40
Unvested at March 31, 2010 81,572 19.40
Granted 46,057 21.93
Forfeited (21,014) 25.93
Unvested at March 31, 2011 106,615 19.20
Granted 48,123 24.65
Forfeited (59,620) 17.31
Unvested at March 31, 2012 95,118$ 23.36
   

Total unrecognized compensation costs related to the unvested performance share awards as of March 31, 2012 was $1,180,000 and is expected be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.5 years. The fair value of performance shares that vested during the year ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 was $0 for all three years.

 

Restricted Stock

 

The Company also maintains a Restricted Stock Plan. The Company charges compensation expense and shareholders' equity for the market value of shares ratably over the restricted period. Grantees that remain continuously employed with the Company become vested in their shares five years after the date of the grant. As of March 31, 2012, there were no shares available for future grants under the Restricted Stock Plan.

 

No restricted stock was granted in fiscal 2012 or fiscal 2011. As of March 31, 2012, there are 1,000 shares of restricted stock outstanding with a weighted average fair value grant price of $30.72.

 

Directors Stock

 

During fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, a total of 21,248, 17,664, and 21,536 shares of stock, respectively, were granted under the LTIP to the Company's non-executive directors as part of their annual compensation. The weighted average fair value grant price of those shares was $16.99, $15.85, and $13.00 for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The expense related to the shares for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $420,000, $450,000, and $280,000, respectively.

 

Shareholder Rights Plan

       

On May 19, 2009 the Company announced that its Board of Directors had adopted a Shareholder Rights Plan, pursuant to which a dividend distribution was declared of one preferred share purchase right to each outstanding common share of the Company. Subject to limited exceptions, the rights will be exercisable if a person or group acquires 20% or more of the Company's common shares or announces a tender offer for 20% or more of the common shares. Under certain circumstances, each right will entitle shareholders to buy one one-thousandth of a share of the newly created series A junior participating preferred shares of the Company at an exercise price of $80.00 per share.