Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Provision (Benefit) Differed from Amounts Computed at the Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate and Significant Components

The income tax provision (benefit) differed from amounts computed at the statutory federal income tax rate and consisted of the following significant components (in millions):


	2022		2021		2020
Income tax provision (benefit) at statutory rate	$	208	$	(537)	$	(1,852)
State income tax provision (benefit), net of federal income tax benefit	13		(34)		(110)
Nondeductible employee meals	12		7		5
Nondeductible transportation fringe benefit	10		8		7
Valuation allowance	(10)		(38)		197
Other, net	20		1		—
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	253	$	(593)	$	(1,753)

Current	$	5	$	(10)	$	(12)
Deferred	248		(583)		(1,741)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	253	$	(593)	$	(1,753)

Temporary Differences and Carryforwards Giving Rise to Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in millions):


	UAL				United
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Deferred income tax asset (liability):
Federal and state net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards	$	2,932	$	2,229	$	2,903	$	2,201
Deferred revenue	1,783		2,349		1,783		2,349
Employee benefits, including pension, postretirement and medical	606		986		606		986
Operating lease liabilities	1,118		1,272		1,118		1,272
Other financing liabilities	141		327		141		327
Interest expense carryforward	510		—		510		—
Other	576		535		576		535
Less: Valuation allowance	(199)		(210)		(199)		(210)
Total deferred tax assets	$	7,467	$	7,488	$	7,438	$	7,460

Depreciation	$	(5,844)	$	(5,122)	$	(5,844)	$	(5,122)
Operating lease right-of-use asset	(881)		(1,051)		(881)		(1,051)
Intangibles	(651)		(656)		(651)		(656)
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	(7,376)	$	(6,829)	$	(7,376)	$	(6,829)
Net deferred tax asset	$	91	$	659	$	62	$	631