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Note 11 - Stock Based Compensation and Other Plans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements  
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]
11.
Stock Based Compensation and Other Plans
 
The Company believes that it is desirable to align the interests of its directors, executives, employees and consultants with those of its stockholders through their ownership of shares of Common Stock issued by SGRP ("SGRP Shares").  Although the Company does
not
require its directors, executives, employees or consultants to own SGRP Shares, the Company believes that it can help achieve this objective by providing long term equity incentives through the issuance to its eligible directors, executives, employees or consultants of options to purchase SGRP Shares and other stock-based awards pursuant to the
2018
Plan (as defined below) and facilitating the purchase of SGRP Shares at a modest discount by all of its eligible executives, employees and consultants who elect to participate in its Employee or Consultant Stock Purchase Plans (as defined below).  In particular, the Company believes that granting stock based awards (including restricted stock and options to purchase SGRP Shares) to such directors, executives, employees and consultants encourages growth in their ownership of SGRP Shares, which in turn leads to the expansion of their stake in the long-term performance and success of the Company.
 
In connection with the
2018
Annual Meeting, the Board, based (in part) on the recommendation of its Compensation Committee, approved the modifications to the proposed SPAR Group, Inc.
2018
Stock Compensation Plan (the
"2018
Plan") to remove adjustments for existing plans, which the Board determined was within its authority and
not
materially adverse to the interest of SGRP's existing stockholders.  The SPAR Group, Inc.
2018
Stock Compensation Plan (including the above changes) was approved by the stockholders on
May 2, 2018.
 
The
2018
Plan and information regarding options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units granted thereunder are summarized below.  The
2018
Plan is substantially similar to the
2008
Plan except for its
one
-year initial term and resetting the maximum award shares available to
600,000
under the
2018
Plan.  The
2008
Plan terminated upon the adoption of the
2018
Plan, and thereafter
no
further Awards
may
be made under the
2008
Plan.  There were approximately
345,750
SGRP shares remaining for grant Awards that were cancelled at that date.
 
The
2018
Plan has an initial term that ends on
May 31, 2019,
and
no
Award
may
be granted thereafter under this Plan, unless an extension or elimination of such initial term Plan is approved by stockholders of SGRP if and as required pursuant to the
2018
Plan.  In any event,
no
Award
may
be granted under the
2018
Plan on or after the
tenth
(
10th
) anniversary of the Effective Date of the
2018
Plan unless an extension of the term of the
2018
Plan is approved by stockholders of SGRP if and as required pursuant to the
2018
Plan and Applicable Law.  Awards granted prior to the end of the term of the
2018
Plan shall continue to be governed by the
2018
Plan (which
2018
Plan shall continue in full force and effect for that purpose).
 
The
2018
Plan resets and limits the maximum number of shares of Common Stock that
may
be issued pursuant to Awards made under the plan to
600,000
shares (the
"2018
Plan Maximum").
 
The
2018
Plan permits the granting of Awards consisting of options to purchase shares of Common Stock ("Options"), stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted stock ("Restricted Stock"), and restricted stock units ("RSUs"). The
2018
Plan permits the granting of both Options that qualify under Section
422
of the United States Internal Revenue Code of
1986
as amended (the "Code") for treatment as incentive stock options ("Incentive Stock Options" or "ISOs") and Options that do
not
qualify under the Code as Incentive Stock Options ("Nonqualified Stock Options" or "NQSOs"). ISOs
may
only be granted to employees of SGRP or its subsidiaries.
 
The shares of Common Stock that
may
be issued pursuant to the Options, SARs, Restricted Stock and RSUs under the
2018
Plan are all subject to the
2018
Plan Maximum.
 
SGRP has granted restricted stock and stock option awards to its eligible directors, officers and employees and certain employees of its affiliates respecting shares of Common Stock issued by SGRP ("SGRP Shares") pursuant to SGRP's
2008
Stock Compensation Plan (as amended, the
"2008
Plan"), which was approved by SGRP's stockholders in
May
of
2008
and
2009.
 
The
2008
Plan provided for the granting of restricted SGRP shares, stock options to purchase SGRP shares (either incentive or nonqualified), and restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other awards based on SGRP shares ("Awards") to SGRP Directors and the Company's specified executives, employees and consultants (which are employees of certain of its affiliates), although to date SGRP has
not
issued any permissible form of Award other than stock option, restricted share awards, and performance stock units. At the
May 3, 2018
Annual meeting of stockholders, the
2008
Plan was terminated. At that time, the
2018
Plan was approved by SGRP's stockholders.
 
As of
December 31, 2018,
approximately
335,000
shares were available for Award grants under the
2018
Plan.
 
The
2018
Plan (like the
2008
Plan as amended in
2009
) gives SGRP's Compensation Committee the full authority and complete flexibility from time to time to designate and modify (in its discretion)
one
or more of the outstanding Awards (including their exercise and base prices and other components and terms) to (among other things) restore their intended values and incentives to their holders. However, the exercise price, base value or similar component (if equal to SGRP's full stock price at issuance) of any Award cannot be lowered to an amount that is less than the Fair Market Value (as defined in the
2018
Plan) on the date of the applicable modification, and
no
modification can adversely affect an awardee's rights or obligations under an award without the awardee's consent.
No
further consent of SGRP's stockholders is required for any repricing or other modification of any outstanding or other aware under the
2018
Plan or
2008
Plan, including those previously issued under the Prior Plans. To date, Awards have only been repriced once (in
2009
) pursuant to this authority.
 
The stock option Awards issued under the
2018
Plan are typically "nonqualified" (as a tax matter), have a
ten
(
10
) year maximum life (term) and vest during the
first
four
years following issuance at the rate of
25%
on each anniversary date of their issuance so long as the holder continues to be employed by the Company. Stock-based compensation cost is measured on the grant date, based on the fair value of the stock options Award calculated at that date, and is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which generally is the options' vesting period. Fair value is calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
 
The Restricted Stock Awards issued under the
2018
Plan (like those under the
2008
Plan) vest during the
first
four
years following issuance at the rate of
25%
on each anniversary date of their issuance so long as the holder continues to be employed by the Company. Restricted Stock is measured at fair value on the date of the grant, based on the number of shares granted and the quoted price of the Company's common stock. The shares of stock are issued and value is recognized as compensation ratably over the requisite period which generally is the Award's vesting period.
 
2008
Plan Summary
 
Following are the specific valuation assumptions used for options granted in
2018
for the
2008
Plan:
 
Expected volatility
   
43
%
Expected dividend yields
   
0
%
Expected term (in years)
   
5
 
Risk free interest rate
   
2.5
%
Expected forfeiture rate
   
5
%
 
2008
Plan Stock option Award activity for the years ended
December 31, 2018
and
2017
is summarized below:
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Weighted-
   
Average
   
Aggregate
 
   
 
 
 
 
Average
   
Remaining
   
Intrinsic
 
   
Covered
   
Exercise
   
Contractual
   
Value
 
Option Awards
 
Shares
   
Price
   
Term
(Years)
   
(thousands)
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
   
3,111,052
    $
0.98
     
4.74
    $
678
 
Granted
   
943,000
     
1,05
     
     
 
Exercised/cancelled
   
110,187
     
0.87
     
     
 
Forfeited or expired
   
599,688
     
     
     
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2017
   
3,344,177
    $
0.96
     
5.17
    $
1,221
 
Granted
   
45,000
     
1.67
     
     
 
Exercised
   
306,750
     
0.40
     
     
 
Forfeited or expired
   
37,500
     
     
     
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2018
   
3,044,927
    $
1.01
     
4.55
    $
103
 
Exercisable at December 31, 2018
   
2,239,677
    $
1.00
     
3.15
    $
103
 
 
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of stock option Awards granted during the year ended
December 31, 2018
was
$0.76.
The total intrinsic value of stock option Awards exercised during the year ended
December 31, 2018
and
2017
was
$274,000
and
$16,000,
respectively.
 
The Company recognized
$155,000
and
$187,000
in stock-based compensation expense relating to stock option Awards during the years ended
December 31, 2018
and
2017,
respectively. The recognized tax benefit on stock based compensation expense related to stock options during the years ended
December 31, 2018
and
2017,
was approximately
$38,000
and
$71,000,
respectively.
 
As of
December 31, 2018,
total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was
$309,000.
This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately
2.0
years, and will be adjusted for changes in estimated forfeitures.
 
20
1
8
Plan Summary
 
Following are the specific valuation assumptions used for options granted in
2018
for the
2018
Plan:
 
Expected volatility
   
43
%
Expected dividend yields
   
0
%
Expected term (in years)
   
5
 
Risk free interest rate
   
2.8
%
Expected forfeiture rate
   
5
%
 
2018
Plan Stock option Award activity for the year ended
December 31, 2018
is summarized below:
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Weighted-
   
Average
   
Aggregate
 
   
 
 
 
 
Average
   
Remaining
   
Intrinsic
 
   
Covered
   
Exercise
   
Contractual
   
Value
 
Option Awards
 
Shares
   
Price
   
Term
(Years)
   
(thousands)
 
Granted
   
245,000
     
1.23
     
     
 
Exercised
   
     
     
     
 
Cancelled    
     
     
     
 
Forfeited or expired
   
10,000
     
     
     
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2018
   
235,000
    $
1.23
     
9.35
    $
 
Exercisable at December 31, 2018
   
    $
     
    $
 
 
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of stock option Awards granted during the year ended
December 31, 2018
was
$0.57.
The total intrinsic value of stock option Awards exercised during the year ended
December 31, 2018
was
$0.
 
The Company recognized
$31,000
and
$0
in stock-based compensation expense relating to stock option Awards during the years ended
December 31, 2018
and
2017,
respectively. The recognized tax benefit on stock based compensation expense related to stock options during the years ended
December 31, 2018
and
2017,
was approximately
$8,000
and
$0,
respectively.
 
As of
December 31, 2018,
total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was
$98,000.
This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately
3.0
years, and will be adjusted for changes in estimated forfeitures.
 
Restricted Stock-
2008
Plan
 
The restricted stock Awards previously issued under the
2008
Plan vested during the
first
four
years following issuance at the rate of
25%
on each anniversary date of their issuance so long as the holder continues to be employed by the Company. Restricted stock granted under the
2008
Plan is measured at fair value on the date of the grant, based on the number of shares granted and the quoted price of the Company's common stock. The shares of stock are issued and value is recognized as compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period which generally is the Award's vesting period. In
2018,
the Company did
not
issue restricted stock Awards to its employees or Directors.
 
The following table summarizes the activity for restricted stock Awards during the years ended
December 31, 2018
and
2017:
 
   
 
 
 
 
Weighted-
 
   
 
 
 
 
Average
 
   
 
 
 
 
Grant Date
 
   
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
   
Shares
   
per Share
 
Unvested at January 1, 2017
   
132,000
    $
1.32
 
Granted
   
     
 
Vested
   
(22,800
)
   
1.53
 
Forfeited
   
(40,800
)
   
1.08
 
Unvested at December 31, 2017
   
68,400
     
1.38
 
Granted
   
     
 
Vested
   
(18,900
)
   
1.48
 
Forfeited
   
(48,500
)
   
1.35
 
Unvested at December 31, 2018
   
1,000
    $
1.36
 
 
During the years ended
December 31, 2018
and
2017,
the Company recognized approximately
$15,000
and
$38,000,
respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock. The recognized tax benefit on stock based compensation expense related to restricted stock during the years ended
December 31, 2018
and
2017
was approximately
$4,000
and
$14,000,
respectively. 
 
During the years ended
December 31, 2018
and
2017,
the total fair value of restricted stock vested was
$23,000
and
$24,000,
respectively.
 
As of
December 31, 2018,
total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock Awards was
$1,000,
which is expected to be expensed over a weighted-average period of
1
year.
 
Restricted Stock-
2018
Plan
 
The restricted stock Awards previously issued under the
2018
Plan (like those under the
2008
Plan) vested during the
first
four
years following issuance at the rate of
25%
on each anniversary date of their issuance so long as the holder continues to be employed by the Company. Restricted stock granted under the
2018
Plan (like those under the
2008
Plan) is measured at fair value on the date of the grant, based on the number of shares granted and the quoted price of the Company's common stock. The shares of stock are issued and value is recognized as compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period which generally is the Award's vesting period. In
2018,
the Company issued
20,000
restricted stock Awards to its Directors.
 
The following table summarizes the activity for restricted stock Awards during the year ended
December 31, 2018:
 
   
 
 
 
 
Weighted-
 
   
 
 
 
 
Average
 
   
 
 
 
 
Grant Date
 
   
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
   
Shares
   
per Share
 
Granted
   
20,000
     
1.23
 
Vested
   
(10,000
)
   
1.23
 
Forfeited
   
     
 
Unvested at December 31, 2018
   
10,000
    $
1.23
 
 
During the years ended
December 31, 2018
and
2017,
the Company recognized approximately
$20,000
and
$0,
respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock. The recognized tax benefit on stock based compensation expense related to restricted stock during the years ended
December 31, 2018
and
2017
was approximately
$5,000
and
$0,
respectively. 
 
During the years ended
December 31, 2018
and
2017,
the total fair value of restricted stock vested was
$12,000
and
$0,
respectively.
 
As of
December 31, 2018,
total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock Awards was
$4,000,
which is expected to be expensed over a weighted-average period of
1
year.
 
Stock Purchase Plans
 
In
2001,
SGRP adopted its
2001
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESP Plan"), which replaced its earlier existing plan, and its
2001
Consultant Stock Purchase Plan (the "CSP Plan"). These plans were each effective as of
June 1, 2001.
The ESP Plan allows employees of the Company, and the CSP Plan allows employees of the affiliates of the Company to purchase SGRP's Common Stock from SGRP without having to pay any brokerage commissions. On
August 8, 2002,
SGRP's Board approved a
15%
discount for employee purchases of Common Stock under the ESP Plan and recommended that its affiliates pay
15%
of the value of the stock purchased as a cash bonus for affiliate consultant purchases of Common Stock under the CSP Plan.