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Fair Value Measurements
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Fair Value Measurements

NOTE 8: FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

PG&E Corporation and the Utility measure their cash equivalents, trust assets, and price risk management instruments at fair value. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. A three-tier fair value hierarchy is established as a basis for considering such assumptions and for inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 - Other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activities.

The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

 

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for PG&E Corporation and the Utility are summarized below (money market investments and assets held in rabbi trusts are held by PG&E Corporation and not the Utility). The 2010 presentation has been changed to reflect gross assets and liabilities by level to conform to the current period presentation. Additionally, the Company corrected $125 million that was netted and classified inappropriately between Level 3 price risk management instrument assets and liabilities and other immaterial price risk management instrument changes.

 

Valuation Techniques

The following describes the valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of the assets and liabilities shown in the table above.

Money Market Investments

PG&E Corporation invests in money market funds that seek to maintain a stable net asset value. These funds invest in high-quality, short-term, diversified money market instruments, such as treasury bills, federal agency securities, certificates of deposit, and commercial paper with a maximum weighted average maturity of 60 days or less. PG&E Corporation's investments in these money market funds are generally valued using unadjusted quotes in an active market for identical assets and are thus classified as Level 1. Money market funds are recorded as cash and cash equivalents in PG&E Corporation's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Trust Assets

The assets held by the nuclear decommissioning trusts, the rabbi trusts related to the non-qualified deferred compensation plans, and the long-term disability trust are composed primarily of equity securities and debt securities. In general, investments held in the trusts are exposed to various risks, such as interest rate, credit, and market volatility risks.

Equity securities primarily include investments in common stock, which are valued based on unadjusted prices in active markets for identical transactions and are classified as Level 1. Equity securities also include commingled funds composed of equity securities traded publicly on exchanges across multiple industry sectors in the U.S. and other regions of the world, which are classified as Level 2. Price quotes for the assets held by these funds are readily observable and available.

Debt securities are composed primarily of fixed-income securities that include U.S. government and agency securities, municipal securities, and corporate debt securities. U.S. government and agency securities consist primarily of treasury securities that are classified as Level 1 because the fair value is determined by observable market prices in active markets. A market-based valuation approach is generally used to estimate the fair value of debt securities classified as Level 2. Under a market approach, fair values are determined based on evaluated pricing data, such as broker quotes, for similar securities adjusted for observable differences. Significant inputs used in the valuation model generally include benchmark yield curves and issuer spreads. The external credit rating, coupon rate, and maturity of each security are considered in the valuation, as applicable.

Price Risk Management Instruments

Price risk management instruments include physical and financial derivative contracts, such as forwards, swaps, options, and CRRs that are either exchange-traded or over-the-counter traded. (See Note 7 above.)

Forwards and swaps that are valued using observable market prices for the underlying commodity or an identical instrument are classified as Level 1 or Level 2. Forwards and swaps that are valued using unobservable data are considered Level 3. These contracts are valued using either estimated basis adjustments from liquid trading points or techniques including extrapolation from observable prices when a contract term extends beyond a period for which market data is available.

All commodity-related options are classified as Level 3 and are valued using a standard option pricing model with various assumptions, including forward prices for the underlying commodity, time value at a risk free rate, and volatility. For periods in which market data is not available, the Utility extrapolates these assumptions using internal models.

The Utility holds CRRs to hedge financial risk of CAISO-imposed congestion charges in the day-ahead markets. CRRs are valued based on prices observed in the auction which are extrapolated and discounted at the risk free rate. Limited market data is available between auction dates; therefore, CRRs are classified as Level 3.

Transfers between Levels

PG&E Corporation and the Utility recognize any transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy as of the end of the reporting period. There were no significant transfers between levels for the nine months ended September 30, 2011.

 

Level 3 Reconciliation

The following tables present reconciliations for price risk management instruments measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis for PG&E Corporation and the Utility, using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively:

 
Financial Instruments

PG&E Corporation and the Utility use the following methods and assumptions in estimating fair value for financial instruments:

 

   

The fair values of cash, restricted cash, deposits, net accounts receivable, short-term borrowings, accounts payable, customer deposits, and the Utility's variable rate pollution control bond loan agreements approximate their carrying values at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, as they are short term in nature or have interest rates that reset daily.

 

   

The fair values of the Utility's fixed rate senior notes and fixed rate pollution control bond loan agreements, PG&E Corporation's fixed rate senior notes, and the energy recovery bonds issued by PERF were based on quoted market prices at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

 

The carrying amount and fair value of PG&E Corporation's and the Utility's debt instruments were as follows (the table below excludes financial instruments with carrying values that approximate their fair values):

 

     At September 30, 2011      At December 31, 2010  
(in millions)        Carrying    
Amount
       Fair Value          Carrying  
Amount
       Fair Value    

Debt (Note 4)

           

PG&E Corporation

     $ 349         $ 385         $ 349         $ 383   

Utility

     10,295         11,797         10,444         11,314   

Energy recovery bonds (Note 4)

     528         544         827         862   

Nuclear Decommissioning Trust Investments

The Utility classifies its investments held in the nuclear decommissioning trust as "available-for-sale." As the day-to-day investing activities of the trusts are managed by external investment managers, the Utility is unable to assert that it has the intent and ability to hold investments to maturity. Therefore, all unrealized losses are considered other-than-temporary impairments. Gains or losses on the nuclear decommissioning trust investments are refundable or recoverable, respectively, from customers. Therefore, trust earnings are deferred and included in the regulatory liability for recoveries in excess of ARO. There is no impact on the Utility's earnings or accumulated other comprehensive income. (See Note 3 above for further discussion.)

The following table provides a summary of available-for-sale investments held in the Utility's nuclear decommissioning trusts:

 

The debt securities mature on the following schedule:

 

(in millions)    As of September 30, 2011  

Less than 1 year

     $ 61   

1–5 years

     326   

5–10 years

     299   

More than 10 years

     338   
  

 

 

 

Total maturities of debt securities

     $ 1,024   
  

 

 

 

The following table provides a summary of activity for the debt and equity securities:

 

    Three Months Ended
September 30,
    Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
            2011                     2010                     2011                     2010          
(in millions)                        

Proceeds from sales and maturities of nuclear decommissioning trust investments

    $ 567        $ 277        $ 1,574        $ 962   

Gross realized gains on sales of securities held as available-for-sale

    11              40        26   

Gross realized losses on sales of securities held as available-for-sale

    (7)        (2)        (14)        (8)   
Pacific Gas And Electric Company [Member]
 
Fair Value Measurements

NOTE 8: FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

PG&E Corporation and the Utility measure their cash equivalents, trust assets, and price risk management instruments at fair value. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. A three-tier fair value hierarchy is established as a basis for considering such assumptions and for inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 - Other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activities.

The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

 

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for PG&E Corporation and the Utility are summarized below (money market investments and assets held in rabbi trusts are held by PG&E Corporation and not the Utility). The 2010 presentation has been changed to reflect gross assets and liabilities by level to conform to the current period presentation. Additionally, the Company corrected $125 million that was netted and classified inappropriately between Level 3 price risk management instrument assets and liabilities and other immaterial price risk management instrument changes.

 

    Fair Value Measurements  
    At September 30, 2011     At December 31, 2010  
(in millions)    Level 1       Level 2       Level 3        Netting ( 1 )       Total      Level 1       Level 2       Level 3        Netting ( 1 )       Total  

Assets:

                   

Money market investments

    $  223         $  -          $  -          $  -          $  223         $  138         $  -          $  -          $  -          $  138    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Nuclear decommissioning trusts

                   

U.S. equity securities

    786         12         -          -          798         1,029         7         -          -          1,036    

Non-U.S. equity securities

    311         -          -          -          311         349         -          -          -          349    

U.S. government and agency securities

    715         150         -          -          865         584         40         -          -          624    

Municipal securities

    -          65         -          -          65         -          119         -          -          119    

Other fixed-income securities

    -          94         -          -          94         -          66         -          -          66    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total nuclear decommissioning trusts ( 2 )

    1,812         321         -          -          2,133         1,962         232         -          -          2,194    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Price risk management instruments (Note 7)

                   

Electric

    -          -          166          24         190         6         2         119         63         190    

Gas

    -          -          9         (1)         8         -          -          6         5         11    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total price risk management instruments

    -          -          175         23         198         6         2         125         68         201    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Rabbi trusts

                   

Fixed-income securities

    -          26         -          -          26         -          24         -          -          24    

Life insurance contracts

    -          67         -          -          67         -          65         -          -          65    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total rabbi trusts

    -          93         -          -          93         -          89         -          -          89    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Long-term disability trust

                   

U.S. equity securities

    4         13         -          -          17         11         24         -          -          35    

Non-U.S. equity securities

    -          9         -          -          9         -          -          -          -          -     

Fixed-income securities

    -          132         -          -          132         -          150         -          -          150    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total long-term disability trust

    4         154         -          -          158         11         174         -          -          185    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

    $  2,039         $  568         $  175         $  23         $  2,805         $  2,117         $  497         $  125         $  68         $  2,807    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities:

                   

Price risk management instruments (Note 7)

                   

Electric

    $  299          $  12         $  448         $  (329)         $  430         $  235         $  73         $  475         $  (315)         $  468    

Gas

    49         3         8         (52)         8         41         1         49         (41)         50    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

    $  348         $  15         $  456         $  (381)         $  438         $  276         $  74         $  524         $  (356)         $  518    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) 

  Includes the effect of the contractual ability to settle contracts under master netting agreements and margin cash collateral.

(2)

   Excludes $169 million and $185 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, primarily related to deferred taxes on appreciation of investment value.

 

Valuation Techniques

The following describes the valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of the assets and liabilities shown in the table above.

Money Market Investments

PG&E Corporation invests in money market funds that seek to maintain a stable net asset value. These funds invest in high-quality, short-term, diversified money market instruments, such as treasury bills, federal agency securities, certificates of deposit, and commercial paper with a maximum weighted average maturity of 60 days or less. PG&E Corporation's investments in these money market funds are generally valued using unadjusted quotes in an active market for identical assets and are thus classified as Level 1. Money market funds are recorded as cash and cash equivalents in PG&E Corporation's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Trust Assets

The assets held by the nuclear decommissioning trusts, the rabbi trusts related to the non-qualified deferred compensation plans, and the long-term disability trust are composed primarily of equity securities and debt securities. In general, investments held in the trusts are exposed to various risks, such as interest rate, credit, and market volatility risks.

Equity securities primarily include investments in common stock, which are valued based on unadjusted prices in active markets for identical transactions and are classified as Level 1. Equity securities also include commingled funds composed of equity securities traded publicly on exchanges across multiple industry sectors in the U.S. and other regions of the world, which are classified as Level 2. Price quotes for the assets held by these funds are readily observable and available.

Debt securities are composed primarily of fixed-income securities that include U.S. government and agency securities, municipal securities, and corporate debt securities. U.S. government and agency securities consist primarily of treasury securities that are classified as Level 1 because the fair value is determined by observable market prices in active markets. A market-based valuation approach is generally used to estimate the fair value of debt securities classified as Level 2. Under a market approach, fair values are determined based on evaluated pricing data, such as broker quotes, for similar securities adjusted for observable differences. Significant inputs used in the valuation model generally include benchmark yield curves and issuer spreads. The external credit rating, coupon rate, and maturity of each security are considered in the valuation, as applicable.

Price Risk Management Instruments

Price risk management instruments include physical and financial derivative contracts, such as forwards, swaps, options, and CRRs that are either exchange-traded or over-the-counter traded. (See Note 7 above.)

Forwards and swaps that are valued using observable market prices for the underlying commodity or an identical instrument are classified as Level 1 or Level 2. Forwards and swaps that are valued using unobservable data are considered Level 3. These contracts are valued using either estimated basis adjustments from liquid trading points or techniques including extrapolation from observable prices when a contract term extends beyond a period for which market data is available.

All commodity-related options are classified as Level 3 and are valued using a standard option pricing model with various assumptions, including forward prices for the underlying commodity, time value at a risk free rate, and volatility. For periods in which market data is not available, the Utility extrapolates these assumptions using internal models.

The Utility holds CRRs to hedge financial risk of CAISO-imposed congestion charges in the day-ahead markets. CRRs are valued based on prices observed in the auction which are extrapolated and discounted at the risk free rate. Limited market data is available between auction dates; therefore, CRRs are classified as Level 3.

Transfers between Levels

PG&E Corporation and the Utility recognize any transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy as of the end of the reporting period. There were no significant transfers between levels for the nine months ended September 30, 2011.

 

Level 3 Reconciliation

The following tables present reconciliations for price risk management instruments measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis for PG&E Corporation and the Utility, using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively:

 

(in millions)            Price Risk Management Instruments           
     2011     2010  

Liability balance as of July 1

     $  (280)        $  (470)   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Realized and unrealized gains (losses):

    

Included in cost of electricity or cost of natural gas (1)

            (14)   

Included in regulatory assets and liabilities

     (89)        (223)   

Purchases, issuances, sales, and settlements:

    

Purchases

     53        49   

Settlements

     31         60    
    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liability balance as of September 30

     $  (281)        $  (598)   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

 Balancing account revenue is recorded for these amounts, therefore, there is no impact to net income.

The following tables present the reconciliation for Level 3 price risk management instruments for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively:

 

(in millions)           Price Risk Management Instruments           
    2011      2010  

Liability balance as of January 1

    $  (399)         $  (250)   
 

 

 

    

 

 

 

Realized and unrealized gains (losses):

 

Included in cost of electricity or cost of natural gas (1)

    20          (76)   

Included in regulatory assets and liabilities

    (190)         (558)   

Purchases, issuances, sales, and settlements:

 

Purchases

    153         141   

Settlements

    135          145    
    
 

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liability balance as of September 30

    $  (281)         $  (598)   
 

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)

 Balancing account revenue is recorded for these amounts, therefore, there is no impact to net income.

Financial Instruments

PG&E Corporation and the Utility use the following methods and assumptions in estimating fair value for financial instruments:

 

   

The fair values of cash, restricted cash, deposits, net accounts receivable, short-term borrowings, accounts payable, customer deposits, and the Utility's variable rate pollution control bond loan agreements approximate their carrying values at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, as they are short term in nature or have interest rates that reset daily.

 

   

The fair values of the Utility's fixed rate senior notes and fixed rate pollution control bond loan agreements, PG&E Corporation's fixed rate senior notes, and the energy recovery bonds issued by PERF were based on quoted market prices at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

 

The carrying amount and fair value of PG&E Corporation's and the Utility's debt instruments were as follows (the table below excludes financial instruments with carrying values that approximate their fair values):

 

     At September 30, 2011      At December 31, 2010  
(in millions)        Carrying    
Amount
       Fair Value          Carrying  
Amount
       Fair Value    

Debt (Note 4)

           

PG&E Corporation

     $ 349         $ 385         $ 349         $ 383   

Utility

     10,295         11,797         10,444         11,314   

Energy recovery bonds (Note 4)

     528         544         827         862   

Nuclear Decommissioning Trust Investments

The Utility classifies its investments held in the nuclear decommissioning trust as "available-for-sale." As the day-to-day investing activities of the trusts are managed by external investment managers, the Utility is unable to assert that it has the intent and ability to hold investments to maturity. Therefore, all unrealized losses are considered other-than-temporary impairments. Gains or losses on the nuclear decommissioning trust investments are refundable or recoverable, respectively, from customers. Therefore, trust earnings are deferred and included in the regulatory liability for recoveries in excess of ARO. There is no impact on the Utility's earnings or accumulated other comprehensive income. (See Note 3 above for further discussion.)

The following table provides a summary of available-for-sale investments held in the Utility's nuclear decommissioning trusts:

 

(in millions)        Amortized    
Cost
     Total
  Unrealized  
Gains
     Total
  Unrealized  
Losses
         Total Fair    
Value
(1)
 

As of September 30, 2011

           

Equity securities

           

U.S.

     $  377          $  432          $  (11)          $  798    

Non-U.S.

     201          119          (9)          311    

Debt securities

           

U.S. government and agency securities

     764          101          -           865    

Municipal securities

     63          2          -           65    

Other fixed-income securities

     91          3          -           94    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     $  1,496          $  657          $  (20)          $  2,133    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2010

           

Equity securities

           

U.S.

     $  509          $  529          $  (2)          $  1,036    

Non-U.S.

     180          170          (1)          349    

Debt securities

           

U.S. government and agency securities

     571          55          (2)          624    

Municipal securities

     119          1          (1)          119    

Other fixed-income securities

     65          1          -           66    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     $  1,444           $  756          $  (6)          $  2,194    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)  Excludes $169 million and $185 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, primarily related to deferred taxes on appreciation of investment value.

 

The debt securities mature on the following schedule:

 

(in millions)    As of September 30, 2011  

Less than 1 year

     $ 61   

1–5 years

     326   

5–10 years

     299   

More than 10 years

     338   
  

 

 

 

Total maturities of debt securities

     $ 1,024   
  

 

 

 

The following table provides a summary of activity for the debt and equity securities:

 

    Three Months Ended
September 30,
    Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
            2011                     2010                     2011                     2010          
(in millions)                        

Proceeds from sales and maturities of nuclear decommissioning trust investments

    $ 567        $ 277        $ 1,574        $ 962   

Gross realized gains on sales of securities held as available-for-sale

    11              40        26   

Gross realized losses on sales of securities held as available-for-sale

    (7)        (2)        (14)        (8)