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Loans Receivable, Net
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans Receivable, Net Loans Receivable, Net
Loans receivable, net at December 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):
 December 31,
 20232022
Commercial:
Commercial real estate - investor$5,353,974 $5,171,952 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied943,891 997,367 
Commercial and industrial666,532 622,372 
Total commercial6,964,397 6,791,691 
Consumer:
Residential real estate2,979,534 2,861,991 
Home equity loans and lines and other consumer (“other consumer”)250,664 264,372 
Total consumer3,230,198 3,126,363 
Total loans receivable10,194,595 9,918,054 
Deferred origination costs, net of fees9,263 7,488 
Allowance for loan credit losses(67,137)(56,824)
Total loans receivable, net$10,136,721 $9,868,718 
The Company categorizes all loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company evaluates risk ratings on an ongoing basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:
    Pass: Loans classified as Pass are well protected by the paying capacity and net worth of the borrower.
    Special Mention: Loans classified as Special Mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Bank’s credit position at some future date.
    Substandard: Loans classified as Substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection or the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
    Doubtful: Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.
The following tables summarize total loans by year of origination, internally assigned credit grades, and risk characteristics (in thousands):
202320222021202020192018 and priorRevolving lines of creditTotal
December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate - investor
Pass$137,028 $1,165,955 $1,328,012 $529,745 $490,438 $930,337 $679,804 $5,261,319 
Special Mention— — 2,413 790 1,446 22,147 — 26,796 
Substandard— — 648 3,750 13,275 48,186 — 65,859 
Total commercial real estate - investor137,028 1,165,955 1,331,073 534,285 505,159 1,000,670 679,804 5,353,974 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass66,642 120,280 103,104 59,179 102,703 441,713 21,052 914,673 
Special Mention— — — — 1,272 8,314 — 9,586 
Substandard— — — — 2,019 16,900 713 19,632 
Total commercial real estate - owner occupied66,642 120,280 103,104 59,179 105,994 466,927 21,765 943,891 
Commercial and industrial
Pass112,914 64,770 19,473 8,645 7,778 51,082 383,013 647,675 
Special Mention— — — — — 184 2,859 3,043 
Substandard— 622 117 — 145 1,385 13,545 15,814 
Total commercial and industrial112,914 65,392 19,590 8,645 7,923 52,651 399,417 666,532 
Residential real estate (1)
Pass283,296 916,153 564,515 388,392 223,247 600,118 — 2,975,721 
Special Mention— — — — 131 271 — 402 
Substandard323 366 — 258 487 1,977 — 3,411 
Total residential real estate283,619 916,519 564,515 388,650 223,865 602,366 — 2,979,534 
Other consumer (1)
Pass32,859 19,918 20,737 12,675 12,937 118,486 30,658 248,270 
Special Mention— 172 — — — 386 — 558 
Substandard— — — — 6 1,698 132 1,836 
Total other consumer32,859 20,090 20,737 12,675 12,943 120,570 30,790 250,664 
Total loans$633,062 $2,288,236 $2,039,019 $1,003,434 $855,884 $2,243,184 $1,131,776 $10,194,595 
(1)For residential real estate and other consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity.
202220212020201920182017 and priorRevolving lines of creditTotal
December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate - investor
Pass$1,144,763 $1,339,289 $555,937 $524,428 $220,999 $881,344 $450,787 $5,117,547 
Special Mention— 2,508 192 17,094 — 12,818 2,188 34,800 
Substandard— — — 893 — 18,180 532 19,605 
Total commercial real estate - investor1,144,763 1,341,797 556,129 542,415 220,999 912,342 453,507 5,171,952 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass119,912 110,440 59,952 115,385 88,204 458,708 14,932 967,533 
Special Mention— — — — 748 5,679 — 6,427 
Substandard— — 3,750 2,037 4,817 12,803 — 23,407 
Total commercial real estate - owner occupied119,912 110,440 63,702 117,422 93,769 477,190 14,932 997,367 
Commercial and industrial
Pass60,078 23,724 14,072 17,175 10,992 47,370 443,211 616,622 
Special Mention— 7 — — — 250 1,680 1,937 
Substandard— 21 76 1,083 301 2,212 120 3,813 
Total commercial and industrial60,078 23,752 14,148 18,258 11,293 49,832 445,011 622,372 
Residential real estate (1)
Pass919,364 591,745 419,712 247,387 99,945 577,392 — 2,855,545 
Special Mention— 193 1,514 204 59 2,407 — 4,377 
Substandard— — — 656 286 1,127 — 2,069 
Total residential real estate919,364 591,938 421,226 248,247 100,290 580,926 — 2,861,991 
Other consumer (1)
Pass24,069 24,111 15,440 15,471 39,057 108,818 34,851 261,817 
Special Mention— — — 75 — 598 — 673 
Substandard— — — 157 18 1,707 — 1,882 
Total other consumer24,069 24,111 15,440 15,703 39,075 111,123 34,851 264,372 
Total loans$2,268,186 $2,092,038 $1,070,645 $942,045 $465,426 $2,131,413 $948,301 $9,918,054 
(1)For residential real estate and other consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity.
An analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):
Commercial Real Estate - InvestorCommercial Real Estate - Owner OccupiedCommercial
and
Industrial		Residential
Real Estate		Other ConsumerTotal
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of year$21,070 $4,423 $5,695 $24,530 $1,106 $56,824 
Provision (benefit) for credit losses15,173 (77)1,276 2,456 (133)18,695 
Charge-offs (1)
(8,350)(6)(129)— (208)(8,693)
Recoveries6 14 25 43 223 311 
Balance at end of year$27,899 $4,354 $6,867 $27,029 $988 $67,137 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of year$25,504 $5,884 $5,039 $11,155 $1,268 $48,850 
(Benefit) provision for credit losses(4,481)(1,569)561 13,275 (152)7,634 
Charge-offs (8)(62)(60)(56)(387)(573)
Recoveries55 170 155 156 377 913 
Balance at end of year$21,070 $4,423 $5,695 $24,530 $1,106 $56,824 
(1) Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 of $8.7 million, primarily related to one commercial relationship, which was originated in 2019 and had a partial charge-off of $8.4 million. The remainder of the current year gross charge-offs were related to loans that were originated in and prior to 2018.
A loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and, therefore, is classified as non-accruing. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had collateral dependent loans with an amortized cost balance as follows: commercial real estate - investor of $15.2 million and $4.6 million, respectively, commercial real estate - owner occupied of $352,000 and $4.0 million, respectively, and commercial and industrial of $304,000 and $160,000, respectively. In addition, the Company had residential and consumer loans collateralized by residential real estate, which are in the process of foreclosure, with an amortized cost balance of $2.6 million and $858,000 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 
The following table presents the recorded investment in non-accrual loans by loan portfolio segment as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
 December 31,
 20232022
Commercial real estate – investor (1)
$20,820 $10,483 
Commercial real estate – owner occupied351 4,025 
Commercial and industrial304 331 
Residential real estate5,542 5,969 
Other consumer2,531 2,457 
$29,548 $23,265 
(1) At December 31, 2023, non-performing loans included the remaining exposure of $8.8 million on a commercial real estate relationship that was partially charged-off during the year ended December 31, 2023.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, non-accrual loans were included in the allowance for credit loss calculation and the Company did not recognize or accrue interest income on these loans. At December 31, 2023, there were no loans that were past due 90 days or greater and still accruing interest. At December 31, 2022, there was one Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loan for $14,000 that was past due 90 days or greater and still accrued interest, which subsequently became current. Per SBA guidelines, the SBA will pay accrued interest through the deferral period up to a maximum of 120 days past due. Given these servicing guidelines, PPP loans that are 90 to 120 days past due will be reported as accruing loans.
The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 by loan portfolio segment (in thousands):
30-59
Days
Past Due		60-89
Days
Past Due		90 Days or Greater
Past Due		Total
Past Due		Loans Not
Past Due		Total
December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate – investor (1)
$978 $684 $15,201 $16,863 $5,337,111 $5,353,974 
Commercial real estate – owner occupied335 352 293 980 942,911 943,891 
Commercial and industrial163 — 145 308 666,224 666,532 
Residential real estate14,858 402 3,411 18,671 2,960,863 2,979,534 
Other consumer872 558 1,836 3,266 247,398 250,664 
$17,206 $1,996 $20,886 $40,088 $10,154,507 $10,194,595 
December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate – investor$217 $875 $3,700 $4,792 $5,167,160 $5,171,952 
Commercial real estate – owner occupied143 80 3,750 3,973 993,394 997,367 
Commercial and industrial159 47 180 386 621,986 622,372 
Residential real estate7,003 4,377 2,069 13,449 2,848,542 2,861,991 
Other consumer573 673 1,882 3,128 261,244 264,372 
$8,095 $6,052 $11,581 $25,728 $9,892,326 $9,918,054 
(1) At December 31, 2023, 90 days or greater past due loans included the remaining exposure of $8.8 million on a commercial real estate relationship that was partially charged-off during the year ended December 31, 2023.
The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023. Since adoption, the Company has modified certain loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications may include a reduction in interest rate, an extension in term, principal forgiveness and/or other than insignificant payment delay. At December 31, 2023, loans with modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty totaled $8.9 million related to term extensions and interest rate reductions, which included one commercial real estate - investor relationship of $7.8 million, residential real estate loans of $715,000 and other consumer loans of $471,000.
The Company closely monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table provides the performance of loans as of December 31, 2023, which have been modified since adoption (dollars in thousands):
Payment Status
Current60 - 89 Days Past Due90 Days or Greater past Due
Loan type:
Commercial real estate – investor$7,759 $— $— 
Residential real estate419 156 140 
Other consumer471 — — 
$8,649 $156 $140 
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, the Company classified certain loans as TDR loans when credit terms to a borrower in financial difficulty were modified in accordance with ASC 310-40. Since adoption of this ASU, the Company has ceased to recognize or measure for new TDRs but those existing at December 31, 2022 remain until settled.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, TDR loans totaled $12.8 million and $13.9 million, respectively. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were $5.7 million and $6.4 million, respectively, of TDR loans included in the non-accrual loan totals. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had a $282,000 and $590,000, respectively, of specific reserve allocated to one loan that was classified as a TDR loan. Non-accrual loans which become TDR loans are generally returned to accrual status after six months of performance. In addition to the TDR loans included in non-accrual loans, the Company also has TDR loans classified as accruing loans, which totaled $7.1 million and $7.5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The following table presents information about TDR loans which occurred during the year ended December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands):
Number
of Loans		Pre-modification
Recorded Investment		Post-modification
Recorded Investment
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Troubled debt restructurings:
Commercial and industrial1$65 $65 
Other consumer81,237 1,378 
There were no TDR loans that defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2023, which were modified within the preceding year.