20-F 1 d20f.htm FORM 20-F Form 20-F
Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 22, 2011

 

 

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 20-F

 

 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR

15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010

Commission File Number: 33-99720

CELULOSA ARAUCO Y CONSTITUCIÓN S.A.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Arauco and Constitution Pulp Inc.

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Republic of Chile

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Avenida El Golf 150

14th Floor

Las Condes, Santiago

Chile

(Address of principal executive offices)

Gianfranco Truffello

Tel.: 56-2-4617221 E-mail: gtruffello@arauco.cl

Avenida El Golf 150

14th Floor

Las Condes, Santiago

Chile

(Name, telephone, e-mail and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)

 

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

None

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

Title of each class:

7.75% Notes due 2011

5.125% Notes due 2013

5.625% Notes due 2015

7.50% Notes due 2017

7.25% Notes due 2019

5.00% Notes due 2021

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:    Shares of Common Stock, without par value: 113,152,446.

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨     No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this Chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    N/A

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer.

Large accelerated filer  ¨     Accelerated filer  ¨     Non-accelerated filer  x

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statement included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP  ¨     International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board  x     Other  ¨

Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:    Item 17  ¨     Item 18  ¨

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨     No  x

 

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page  

PART I

     2   

Item 1.

   Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers      2   

Item 2.

   Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable      2   

Item 3.

   Key Information      2   

Item 4.

   Information on the Company      19   

Item 5.

   Operating and Financial Review and Prospects      45   

Item 6.

   Directors, Senior Management and Employees      65   

Item 7.

   Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions      70   

Item 8.

   Financial Information      72   

Item 9.

   The Offer and Listing      76   

Item 10.

   Additional Information      77   

Item 11.

   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk      85   

Item 12.

   Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities      86   

PART II

     87   

Item 13.

   Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies      87   

Item 14.

   Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds      87   

Item 15.

   Controls and Procedures      87   

Item 16A.

   Audit Committee Financial Expert      88   

Item 16B.

   Code of Ethics      88   

Item 16C.

   Principal Accountant Fees and Services      88   

Item 16D.

   Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees      89   

Item 16E.

   Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers      89   

Item 16F.

   Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant      89   

Item 16G.

   Corporate Governance      89   

PART III

     90   

Item 17.

   Financial Statements      90   

Item 18.

   Financial Statements      90   

Item 19.

   Exhibits      90   

 

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CERTAIN TERMS AND CONVENTIONS

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. is a corporation (sociedad anónima) organized under the laws of the Republic of Chile, and subject to certain rules applicable to Chilean public corporations (sociedades anónimas abiertas). Except where otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, when we refer to the “Company,” “Arauco” or “we,” in this annual report, we mean Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. and its consolidated subsidiaries. When we refer to “Chile,” we mean the Republic of Chile; when we refer to “Argentina,” we mean the Argentine Republic; when we refer to “Brazil,” we mean the Federative Republic of Brazil; and when we refer to “Uruguay,” we mean the Oriental Republic of Uruguay. All references to “tons” are to metric tons (1,000 kilograms), which equal 2,204.7 pounds. One “hectare” equals 10,000 square meters or 2.471 acres. Discrepancies in any table between totals and the sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding.

Unless otherwise specified, all references to “$”, “U.S.$”, “U.S. dollars” or “dollars” are to United States dollars; references to “Chilean pesos” or “Ch$” are to Chilean pesos; references to “Argentine pesos” or “AR$” are to Argentine pesos; references to “Brazilian reals” or “R$” are to Brazilian reals; references to “€” or “euro” are to the euro, the single European currency established pursuant to the European Economic and Monetary Union; and references to “UF” are to Unidades de Fomento. The UF is a unit of account that is linked to, and adjusted daily to reflect changes in, the Chilean consumer price index reported by the Chilean National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas). At December 31, 2010, one UF equaled U.S.$45.80 and Ch$21,455.60.

PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL DATA

This report includes the audited consolidated balance sheets of Arauco and our subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 (collectively, the “audited consolidated financial statements” or “financial statements”).

For Chilean statutory reporting purposes, effective as of January 1, 2009, we were required to prepare our annual audited financial statements in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards or “IFRS”. Therefore, our financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2009 were our first annual audited consolidated financial statements required to be prepared in accordance with IFRS. Our consolidated financial information as of and for the year ended December 31, 2008 included in our audited consolidated financial statements was restated in accordance with IFRS. For SEC reporting purposes, we prepare our audited annual consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS.

IFRS differs in certain significant respects from generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP. As a result, our financial information presented under IFRS is not directly comparable to our financial information presented in prior years under U.S. GAAP, and readers should avoid such a comparison.

For your convenience, this annual report contains certain translations of Chilean peso amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates. Unless otherwise indicated, the U.S. dollar equivalent for information in Chilean pesos is based on the observed exchange rate reported by Banco Central de Chile, the Central Bank of Chile, which we refer to as the “Central Bank of Chile” or the “Central Bank.” The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Chilean pesos. On December 31, 2010, the observed exchange rate for Chilean pesos was Ch$468.01 to U.S.$1.00, and on June 21, 2011, the observed exchange rate was Ch$472.95 to U.S.$1.00. You should not construe these translations as representations that the Chilean peso amounts actually represent such dollar amounts or could be converted into U.S. dollars at the rates indicated or at any other rate. See “Exchange Rates.” Unless otherwise specified, references to the devaluation or the appreciation of the Chilean peso against the U.S dollar are in nominal terms (without adjusting for inflation) based on the observed exchange rates published by the Central Bank of Chile for the relevant period.

 

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PART I

 

Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

Not applicable.

 

Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not applicable.

 

Item 3. Key Information

SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The selected consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 and for each of the years then ended is derived from, should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with IFRS.

 

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IFRS differs in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. As a result, our financial information presented under IFRS is not directly comparable to our financial information presented under U.S. GAAP in prior years, and readers should avoid such a comparison.

 

      As of and for the year ended December 31,  
     2008     2009     2010  
     (in thousands of U.S.$, except ratios and per share data)  

INCOME STATEMENT DATA

      

Revenue

   U.S.$ 3,713,893        3,113,045        3,788,354   

Cost of sales

     (2,331,854     (2,152,535     (2,298,191

Gross profit

     1,382,039        960,510        1,490,163   

Other operating income

     104,270        181,383        378,188   

Distribution costs

     (455,197     (388,535     (379,579

Administrative expenses

     (259,025     (249,340     (323,916

Other operating expenses

     (50,782     (59,681     (50,642

Other income (loss)

     (444     64,102        292   

Financial income

     19,408        19,313        22,154   

Financial costs

     (175,241     (193,872     (213,912

Participation in income (loss) in affiliates and joint ventures accounted through equity method

     5,839        6,621        (7,693

Exchange rate differences

     (67,778     17,632        (16,288

Income before income tax

     503,089        358,133        898,767   

Income tax

     (98,044     (53,537     (198,018
                        

Net income

     405,045        304,596        700,749   

BALANCE SHEET DATA

      

Current assets

     1,995,990        2,272,313        3,152,116   

Property, plant and equipment

     4,615,971        4,969,753        5,088,745   

Biological assets(1)

     3,652,433        3,757,528        3,790,958   

Total assets

     10,239,840        11,413,827        12,506,332   

Total current liabilities

     812,915        951,413        1,209,061   

Total non-current liabilities

     3,419,689        4,079,981        4,456,696   

Total equity

     6,007,236        6,382,433        6,840,575   

CASH FLOW DATA

      

Net cash flow from operating activities

     769,736        751,025        1,137,275   

Net cash flow from investing activities

     (466,731     (717,291     (669,414

Net cash flow from financing activities

     (378,484     302,372        33,852   
                        

Net change in cash

     (75,479     336,106        501,713   

OTHER FINANCIAL DATA

      

Capital expenditures(2)

     432,398        362,690        595,520   

Depreciation and amortization

     189,256        207,415        233,655   

Stumpage(3)

     311,950        198,675        271,515   

EBIT(4)

     667,817        322,635        786,668   

Net insurance coverage

         114,093   

Adjusted EBITDA(4)

     1,169,023        728,725        1,405,931   

Adjusted EBITDA/total interest expense

     6.65        3.76        6.57   

Adjusted EBITDA/sales revenue

     31.4     23.4     37.1

Average debt(5)/EBITDA

     —          4.02        2.37   

Total debt(6)

     2,651,943        3,202,919        3,449,569   

Total debt(6)/capitalization(7)

     30.6     33.4     33.5

Total debt(6)/shareholders’ equity

     44.1     51.1     51.2

Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(8)

     3.6        2.7        5.0   

Working capital(9)

     1,183,075        1,320,900        1,943,055   

Number of shares

     113,152,446        113,152,446        113,152,446   

Net income per share

     3.58        2.66        6.14   

Dividends paid

     317,588        135,175        158,781   

Dividends per share (U.S.$ per share)

     2.81        1.19        1.40   

 

(1)

Biological assets refer to our forests and long-standing trees.

(2)

Accrued for the period.

(3)

Under IFRS, stumpage consists of the fair value of non-cash cost items associated with biological assets.

(4)

We calculated EBIT by subtracting marketing costs, distribution costs and administrative costs from gross profit, and Adjusted EBITDA by adding depreciation and stumpage to EBIT. We present Adjusted EBITDA because we believe it is a useful indicator of performance. We believe that neither EBIT, EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA should be considered in

 

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isolation or as a substitute for net income, as an indicator of operating performance, as an alternative to cash flow or as a measure of liquidity. The following table presents, for the periods indicated, our calculations of EBIT, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.

 

      As of and for the year ended December 31,  
     2008     2009     2010  
     (in thousands of U.S.$, except ratios and per share data)  

Net income

   U.S.$ 405.045        304.596        700.749   

(+) Other operating expenses

     50.782        59.681        50.642   

(-) Other operating income

     (104.270     (181.383     (378.188

(+) Financial costs

     175.241        193.872        213.912   

(-) Financial income

     (19.408     (19.313     (22.154

(+) Other (loss) income

     444        (64.102     (292

(+) Participation in (loss) income in associates and joint ventures accounted through equity method

     (5.839     (6.621     7.693   

(+) Exchange rate differences

     67.778        (17.632     16.288   

(+) Income Tax

     98.044        53.537        198.018   

EBIT

     667,817        322,635        786,668   

(+) Depreciation and amortization

     189,256        207,415        233.655   

EBITDA

     857,073        530,050        1,020,323   

(+) Stumpage

     311,950        198,675        271.515   

(+) Net insurance coverage(10)

     —          —          114,093   
                        

Adjusted EBITDA

     1,169,023        728,725        1,405,931   

 

(5) 

Average debt is calculated as the average between the beginning and the end of the applicable year.

(6)

Total debt is calculated as total financial debt, including accrued interest.

(7) 

Capitalization is calculated as total financial debt, including accrued interest, plus total shareholders’ equity.

(8)

For purposes of computing the ratio of earnings to fixed charges, earnings consist of earnings before income taxes plus fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of interest expense (including capitalized interest) and amortization of any discount and issuance costs related to our offerings of debt securities.

(9)

Working capital is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets.

(10)

Net insurance coverage refers to the net effect of income (expenses) related to the earthquake impact.

 

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EXCHANGE RATES

The following table sets forth, for the periods and dates indicated, certain information concerning the observed exchange rates reported by the Central Bank. No representation is made that the Chilean peso or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this annual report could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Chilean pesos, as the case may be, at the rates indicated or at any other rate. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Chilean pesos. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Exchange Controls.”

 

     Daily Observed Exchange Rate  

Year Ended December 31,

   High      Low      Average(1)      Period-End  
            Ch$ per U.S.$         

2006

     549.63         511.44         529.64         532.39   

2007

     548.67         493.14         521.06         496.89   

2008

     676.75         431.22         521.79         636.45   

2009

     643.87         491.09         559.67         507.10   

2010

     549.17         468.01         510.22         468.01   

December

     485.34         468.01         473.83         468.01   

2011

           

January

     499.03         466.05         490.21         484.14   

February

     485.34         468.01         473.83         475.21   

March

     485.37         472.74         479.84         479.46   

April

     476.90         460.04         470.35         460.09   

May

     474.19         461.65         467.96         465.13   

 

Source: Central Bank of Chile

 

(1) 

For each year, the average of the month-end exchange rates for the relevant year. For each month, the average daily exchange rate for the relevant month.

On June 21, 2011, the observed exchange rate was Ch$472.95 to U.S.$1.00.

 

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report on Form 20-F contains words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate” and similar expressions that identify forward-looking statements, which reflect our views about future events and financial performance. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about our beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are based on current plans, estimates and projections; therefore, readers should not place undue reliance on them. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements because of various factors that may be beyond our control, including but not limited to our ability to service our debt, fund our working capital requirements, comply with financial covenants in certain of our debt instruments, fund and implement our capital expenditure programs and maintain our relationships with customers, as well as a change in control, the effects on us from competition, future demand for forestry, panels and wood products in the Chilean, Argentine, Brazilian, Uruguayan and export markets, international prices for forestry and wood products, the state of the Chilean and world economies and manufacturing industries, the relative value of the Chilean peso compared to other currencies, inflation, increases in interest rates and changes in our regulatory environment. Forward-looking statements in this annual report speak only as of their dates, and we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any of them, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

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RISK FACTORS

We are subject to various changing economic, political, social and competitive conditions, particularly in our principal markets. Any of the following risks, if they actually occur, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Risks relating to us and the forestry industry

Fluctuations in market price for our products could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Prices for many of the products we sell can fluctuate significantly. The price of commodities such as pulp, plywood, fiberboard and sawn timber has a high correlation with international prices. Consequently, the prices that we are able to charge for these products are highly dependent on prevailing international prices. Historically, such prices have been subject to substantial variation. For example, during the period from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2010, the average price for Norscan bleached softwood kraft market pulp (pulp produced in Canada and Northern Europe sold to manufacturers of paper products delivered in Northern Europe, or NBSK), which is the benchmark for softwood bleached pulp, ranged from a low of U.S.$577.09 per metric ton in March 2009 to a high of U.S.$979.02 per metric ton in July 2010. During the last quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009 there was a very rapid and significant reduction in the international prices of the products we sell and commodity prices in general. The continuation of severe global economic conditions may continue to exert downward pressure on commodity prices, including the international prices of the products we sell, which could result in material and adverse declines in our revenues, results of operations and financial condition. We have no control over the factors that cause prices to change which include, among others:

 

   

worldwide demand (which may be affected by a number of factors, including economic or political conditions in Asia, Latin America, North America and Europe);

 

   

prevailing world prices, which historically have been subject to significant fluctuations over relatively short periods of time, depending on worldwide demand;

 

   

world production capacity;

 

   

the business strategies adopted by major integrated forestry, pulp and paper producers and other major producers; and

 

   

the availability of substitutes.

In addition, the prices of many of the products we sell are correlated to some extent, and historical fluctuations in the price of one product have usually been accompanied by similar fluctuations in the prices of other products. If the price of one or more of the products that we sell were to decline significantly from current levels, it could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, results of operations and financial condition.

Worldwide competition in the markets for our products could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We experience substantial worldwide competition in each of our geographical markets and in each of our product lines. Several of our competitors are larger than we are and have greater financial and other resources, which they could use to take steps that could materially and adversely affect our financial and competitive position. The pulp industry is sensitive to changes in industry capacity and producer inventories, as well as to cyclical changes in the world’s economies, all of which may significantly affect selling prices and, thereby, our profitability. Increased competition could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

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Global economic developments, and particularly economic developments in the Asian and U.S. economies, could have an adverse effect on the demand for our products, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The global economy, and in particular global industrial production, is the primary driver of demand for pulp, paper and wood products. Global industrial production dropped during the second half of 2008 and first half of 2009 due to the financial crisis and global economic conditions, resulting in a significant and widespread contraction in demand for pulp, paper and wood products. A continued decrease in the level of activity in either the domestic or the international markets within which we operate could adversely affect the demand and the price of our products and thus our cash flows and operational and financial results.

Due to this downturn in global industrial production, our pulp segment experienced significant price declines in the last quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009 which severely affected our results. In addition, the significant downturn in the home-building industry in the United States and Europe has resulted in increased inventories of available new homes, significant declines in home prices, loss of home-equity values and loss of consumer confidence and demand. As a result of these events, our plywood and panel sales were adversely affected, continuing a downward trend both in volume and price across all markets. Our medium-density fiberboard molding sales also experienced a sharp decline in volume mainly due to the lower activity in the United States and Canadian construction markets. Our wood products segment, which is also highly dependent on the strength of the home-building industry, experienced decreases in its prices of and demand for its products.

The decrease in demand of sawn timber products due primarily to the credit crisis and continued downturn in the real estate market in the United States and decrease in demand for sawn timber products resulted in our decision to close five sawmills in 2008 and 2009. As a result, in 2008 we recorded a pre-tax impairment charge totaling U.S.$32.9 million, relating to the closure of our sawmills in such year. Additionally, during 2008 and as a result of the impact that the credit crisis had on the Brazilian market and the reduction of the quantities to be produced by the Curitiba fiberboard panels plant, we decided to conduct an impairment analysis pursuant to which we recorded in 2008 a pre-tax impairment charge of U.S.$32.5 million to reduce the carrying value of this plant to the estimated sales price minus selling costs. See Note 14 to our audited consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference or included elsewhere herein.

Export sales of our products to Asia accounted for 34.5% of our sales revenue in 2010 compared to 40.0% in 2009, 32.0% in 2008 and 31.3% in 2007, and export sales to the United States accounted for 9.1% of our sales revenue in 2010 compared to 10.3% in 2009,14.0% in 2008 and 12.0% in 2007. In addition, during 2009 we exported a significant quantity of our sawn timber products, especially to Asia and the Middle East, in order to avoid additional personnel reductions in the facilities and to mitigate the impact of the global economic downturn on our sawn timber division. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected if the economic conditions in Asia, the United States and elsewhere abroad continue to deteriorate, and if we are unable to reallocate our sawn timber and other products to other markets on equally beneficial terms, which could require us to recognize additional impairment charges.

We depend on free international trade as well as economic and other conditions in our principal export markets.

In 2010, export sales, defined as sales out of the country where our goods were produced, accounted for 69.9% of our total sales revenues. During this period, 40.2% of our export sales were to customers in Asia, 15.5% to customers in North America, 10.2% to customers in Europe, 8.3% to customers in Central and South America and 2.0% to customers in other countries. As a result, our results of operations and cash flows depend, to a significant degree, on economic, political and regulatory conditions in our principal export markets. Our ability to compete effectively in our export markets could be materially and adversely affected by a number of factors beyond our control, including deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, exchange rate volatility, government subsidies, and the imposition of increased tariffs or other trade barriers. If our ability to sell our products competitively in one or more of our principal export markets were impaired by any of these developments, it might be difficult to re-allocate our products to other markets on equally favorable terms and our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows might be adversely affected.

 

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We are located in a seismic area that exposes our property in Chile to the risk of earthquakes, and we experienced significant business disruption and losses as a result of the February 27, 2010 earthquake.

Chile is located in a seismic area that exposes our property in Chile, including our facilities, plants, equipment and inventories, to the risk of earthquakes and even subsequent tsunamis in some areas. A significant earthquake or other catastrophic event could severely affect our ability to meet our production targets, satisfy customer demand and could require us to make unplanned capital expenditures, resulting in lower sales and having a material adverse effect on our financial results.

On February 27, 2010, an earthquake measured at a magnitude of 8.8 on the Richter scale, followed by a tsunami that affected the coast, occurred in the South-Central Region of Chile, an area where we maintain a substantial portion of our Chilean industrial operations. Immediately after the earthquake, all of our production units applied their contingency plans, which involved shutting down operations and evaluating the damage caused to each facility by the earthquake. As a result of the earthquake and the subsequent tsunami, our Mutrún sawmill was destroyed. Our other operations that were adversely affected by the earthquake and tsunami reopened gradually. As of today, all of our operations have reopened and are currently operating at full operational capacity, except for the Mutrún sawmill, which was destroyed and will not be reopened. The Mutrún sawmill represented 6% of our sawn timber production capacity in Chile.

The suspension of our operations in Chile resulted in significant asset impairment charges due to earthquake-related damage to property and inventories as well as a significant decrease in our sales volumes due to plant closures which had an adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Our insurance policies provide coverage for certain damages to our property, plant, equipment and inventories and for business interruption caused by such damages up to an aggregate amount of U.S.$650 million, with a deductible of U.S.$3 million for property damage and a deductible of 21 days for business interruption. On July 1, 2010 we received an advance insurance payment of U.S.$100 million, which included compensation for losses caused by physical damage (U.S.$30 million) and downtime (U.S.$70 million). During November, 2010 we received an advance insurance payment of U.S.$185 million, which included compensation for losses caused by physical damage (U.S.$75 million) and downtime (U.S.$110 million). Although as of December 31, 2010 we registered an amount of U.S.$166 million under Trade and other receivables in respect of insurance proceeds that we currently expect to receive in the future for earthquake-related property damage (U.S.$152 million) and claims due to business interruption (U.S.$14 million), we can provide no assurance that we will receive additional insurance proceeds in excess of the two advance payments above mentioned, and we do not expect insurance proceeds to compensate us fully for the losses we have incurred. We may expect to incur additional losses as a result of the earthquake and subsequent tsunami, and we may not have correctly estimated the losses suffered to date.

We cannot assure you that we will not experience other suspensions or interruptions or unexpected damage to our property as a result of other earthquakes, aftershocks, tsunamis, any related repair and maintenance or other consequences associated with such events, any of which could have a material and adverse effect on our revenue, results of operations and financial condition.

The costs to comply with, and to address liabilities arising under, environmental laws and regulations could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows or cause us to incur material costs and liabilities.

In each country where we have operations, we are subject to a wide range of national and local environmental laws and regulations concerning, among other matters, the preparation of environmental impact assessments for our projects, the protection of the environment and human health, the generation, storage, handling and disposal of wastes, the discharge of pollutants into the air, soil and water and the remediation of contamination. As a forest products manufacturer, we generate air and water emissions and solid and hazardous wastes. These emissions and waste disposals are subject to limits or controls prescribed by law or by our operating permits, and we may be required to install or upgrade our pollution control equipment in order to meet these legal requirements. We have made, and expect to continue to make, expenditures to maintain compliance with environmental laws. Notwithstanding our policy to strictly comply with all requirements established by applicable environmental laws, any failure to comply with such environmental laws may result in civil, administrative or criminal fines or sanctions,

 

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claims for environmental damages, remediation obligations, the revocation of environmental authorizations or the temporary or permanent closure of facilities. Environmental requirements are also a factor in the development and operation of new projects. Environmental regulations in Chile and other countries in which we operate have become increasingly stringent in recent years (for example, in connection with the approval of new projects), and this trend is likely to continue. Future changes in environmental laws, or in the application, interpretation or enforcement of those laws, including new or stricter requirements related to harvesting activities, air and water emissions and climate change regulations, could result in substantially increased capital, operating or compliance costs, impose conditions that restrict or limit our operations or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. These changes could also limit the availability of our funds for other purposes, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We have been subject to a number of environmental administrative and judicial proceedings in Chile, including proceedings related to the Valdivia Mill (starting 2004-2005), the Arauco Mill (2004), the Nueva Aldea Complex (2004-2005) and the Licancel Mill (2007). As a result of these proceedings, we have been subject to fines and sanctions, including orders to suspend or limit our operations. Additional proceedings, enforcement actions or claims related to compliance with environmental requirements or alleged environmental damages may also be brought against us in the future. Any such proceedings or claims may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. See “Risk factors—Risks relating to us and the forestry industry—Environmental concerns led us to temporarily suspend our operations at the Valdivia Mill in 2005 and the Licancel Mill in 2007, which adversely affected, and in the future may continue to adversely affect, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows”.

Environmental concerns led us to temporarily suspend our operations at the Valdivia Mill in 2005 and the Licancel Mill in 2007, which adversely affected, and in the future may continue to adversely affect, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Valdivia Mill

Our operations at the Valdivia Mill, an industrial development in the Province of Valdivia, have been subject to environmental scrutiny by Chilean environmental regulators and the Chilean public since the mill began its operations in 2004. A variety of concerns and claims were raised regarding the mill’s potential environmental impacts in the area. Primarily, it was alleged that the mill’s operations impacted the nearby Carlos Anwandter Nature Sanctuary and contributed to the migration and death of black-neck swans living in the area. In connection with an environmental administrative proceeding, environmental regulators required us to temporarily suspend operations at the Valdivia Mill for approximately one month in January 2005.

In June 2005, we again suspended operations at the Valdivia Mill until certain technical and legal conditions could be clarified with the applicable regulatory authorities. We estimate this suspension resulted in a loss of sales of approximately U.S.$1.0 million per day and a loss of profits of approximately U.S.$250,000 per day. Pursuant to the decision of our board of directors, based on certain clarifications provided by the Environmental Regional Commission (Comisión Regional del Medio Ambiente), or COREMA, of the Tenth Region of Chile, the mill resumed operations in August 2005, after 64 days of suspended operations, at 80% of its authorized production capacity. In order to achieve the full production capacity authorized by applicable permits, the mill had to fulfill certain new requirements established by the COREMA. In January 2008, the COREMA authorized the Valdivia Mill to return to its annual authorized production capacity of 550,000 metric tons. The mill gradually increased its production over a four-month period starting in March 2008 and reached full capacity in June 2008.

In June 2007, we were required to submit to the COREMA of the Tenth Region of Chile an environmental impact study for the implementation of substantial technological improvements on the quality of the effluents generated by the Valdivia Mill. In June 2008, the COREMA approved that environmental impact study subject to certain conditions that, in our opinion, adversely affected the feasibility of the project. For such reason, we filed an appeal before the Directive Council (Consejo Directivo) of the National Environmental Commission (Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente), or CONAMA, challenging the conditions imposed by the COREMA. This administrative appeal was partially accepted by the CONAMA, but some of the conditions that we believe adversely affect the feasibility of the project were maintained. As a result, in September 2009 we presented another appeal in the relevant court, and as of the date of this annual report such appeal remains pending.

 

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Prior to October 2007, the Valdivia Mill was under the jurisdiction of the COREMA of the Tenth Region of Chile, but in October 2007 it became subject to the jurisdiction of the COREMA of the Fourteenth Region of Chile. In February 2009, as previously required by the COREMA of the Tenth Region of Chile, we submitted to the COREMA of the Fourteenth Region of Chile an environmental impact study for the construction of a pipeline to discharge the Valdivia Mill’s wastewater in the Pacific Ocean near Punta Maiquillahue, which complies with the requirement of COREMA that such wastewater be discharged in a body of water other than the Cruces River, the Carlos Anwandter Nature Sanctuary or their respective sources. This environmental impact study was approved by the COREMA in February 2010, but has been partially challenged by us before the Directive Council (Consejo Directivo) primarily because it included a future prohibition on the discharge of wastewater into the Cruces River under all circumstances, even in the case of certain emergencies. As of the date of this annual report, the Directive Council has not resolved the action presented by us. On March 26, 2010, certain indigenous communities located in San José de la Mariquina filed a constitutional action (recurso de protección) against the COREMA of the Fourteenth Region of Chile, challenging the resolution that approved our environmental impact study in February 2010. Such action was rejected by the Court of Appeals of Valdivia. The indigenous communities appealed before the Supreme Court of Chile, which appeal was rejected by such court on October 14, 2010.

Resolution of our proceeding with the CONAMA or the pending appeals before the Chilean courts regarding the resolutions that approved the environmental impact studies of the pipeline and the effluent quality improvement projects, as well as the construction and operation of the pipeline, are each subject to many environmental, regulatory, engineering and political uncertainties. As a result, we cannot provide any assurances that the projects will be finally approved as requested or completed. If either the request for the necessary permits for the construction of the pipeline is rejected, or the installation of the pipeline is delayed for reasons attributable to us, we may face sanctions that include warnings, fines or the revocation of the Valdivia Mill’s environmental permit for operation. Alternatively, if any rejection or delays are attributable to reasons beyond our control, we believe that the environmental authorities should extend the applicable deadlines. However, we can provide no assurances that any deadline extensions would be granted, even if we comply with all the requirements that may be set forth by those authorities. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Description of Business—Pulp—Pulp mills—Chile—Valdivia Mill” and “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.”

The suspension of operations at the Valdivia Mill in 2005 adversely affected our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Any future suspension of operations at the Valdivia Mill or at any other of our significant operating plants can be expected to have similar adverse effects. We offer no assurance that the Valdivia Mill will be able to operate without further interruption. See “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.”

Licancel Mill

In June 2007, our operations at the Licancel Mill, a pulp mill located in the Seventh Region of Chile, became subject to environmental scrutiny by Chilean environmental regulators and the public due to the death of fish in the Mataquito River, approximately 15 kilometers downstream of the mill. As a result, in June 2007 Chilean authorities, including certain public health authorities and the Superintendencia de Servicios Sanitarios (Sanitary Services Superintendency), required that we suspend activities at the Licancel Mill and that we suspend any further discharges into the river. In 2007, we invested U.S.$8 million in a new effluent treatment system for the Licancel Mill, and the mill resumed operations during January 2008. On September 7, 2007, the National Defense Council instituted a civil lawsuit seeking reparations, damages and indemnification from us for environmental harm allegedly caused by the Licancel Mill. The National Defense Council agreed to terminate this lawsuit pursuant to an agreement with Arauco dated January 29, 2010. The resolution that approved the agreement and declared the lawsuit terminated was challenged by certain third parties, which challenge was rejected by the court. Nevertheless, we can offer no assurance that the Licancel Mill will be able to operate without further interruptions. Any future suspension of operations at the Licancel Mill would adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We estimate that the suspension of operations at the Licancel Mill resulted in a total loss of profits of U.S.$24 million. Several proceedings have been commenced regarding the events at the Licancel Mill and the death of fish at the Mataquito River. For further details in respect of the proceedings related to the 2007 suspension of operations at the Licancel Mill, see “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.”

 

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We are subject to legal proceedings related to our mills which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

On April 27, 2005, the National Defense Council (Consejo de Defensa del Estado), the Chilean national agency that institutes legal proceedings on behalf of the Chilean government, instituted a civil lawsuit seeking reparations, damages and indemnification from us for environmental harm allegedly caused by the effluent discharges from our Valdivia Mill. The National Defense Council has not quantified the damages it is seeking in connection with the Valdivia Mill lawsuit. In addition, on September 7, 2007, the National Defense Council instituted a civil lawsuit seeking reparations, damages and indemnification from us for environmental harm allegedly caused by the effluent discharges from our Licancel Mill.

The National Defense Council and Arauco agreed to terminate the proceeding related to the Licancel Mill in January 2010. The resolution that approved the agreement and declared the lawsuit terminated was challenged by certain third parties, which challenge was rejected by the court.

The Valdivia Mill lawsuit remains under review by the court as of the date of this annual report. If the result of the Valdivia Mill lawsuit is unfavorable to us, we may be required to invest a significant amount of funds and/or take other actions to repair any environmental harm a court determines we have caused, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We cannot predict the outcome or impact of this lawsuit or when it may be resolved.

Since the end of 2004, we have been subject to various criminal proceedings relating to alleged violations of several environmental laws in Chile, each of which has been either terminated or abandoned by the prosecutor (decisión de no perseverar) as of the date of this annual report. See “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.” The commencement of similar criminal proceedings against Arauco at any time in the future could adversely affect some of our mills. We can neither predict the likelihood that we will face such similar proceedings in the future, nor the likely outcome or impact of any such proceedings.

Although Chilean law in general provides that only individuals can be convicted in criminal actions, Chilean Law Nº 20,393, which was published in the Official Gazette on December 2, 2009, provides an exception to this general rule, under which criminal responsibility of legal entities can be established for criminal offenses related to financing of terrorism, asset laundering or bribery. We do not have knowledge of any fact that could result in such criminal responsibility for the Company. See “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.”

We are also subject to certain other proceedings relating to our mills. We cannot assure you that, as a result of such proceedings, our mills will be able to operate without interruption. Any such interruption, or unexpected costs to resolve such proceedings, could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Material disruptions at any of our manufacturing, mills processing or remanufacturing facilities could negatively impact our financial results.

A material disruption at any of our manufacturing, mills processing or remanufacturing facilities could prevent us from satisfying customer demand for our products, meeting our production targets and/or require us to make unplanned capital expenditures, resulting in lower sales, which would have a negative effect on our financial results. As disclosed in “Risk Factors—Risks relating to us and the forestry industry—We are located in a seismic area that exposes our property in Chile to the risk of earthquakes and we experienced significant business disruption and physical damages as a result of the February 27, 2010 earthquake,” which describes in detail the business interruption and losses suffered by us as a result of the February 27, 2010 earthquake and subsequent tsunami, our Chilean facilities are located in a region known for seismic activity that exposes our facilities in Chile to the risk of earthquakes and in some areas, to subsequent tsunamis. In addition, our facilities (or any of our machines within an otherwise operational facility) could cease operations unexpectedly due to a number of events, including:

 

   

unscheduled maintenance outages;

 

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prolonged power failures;

 

   

an equipment failure;

 

   

fires, floods, hurricanes or other catastrophes;

 

   

disruptions in the transportation infrastructure, including roads, bridges, railroad tracks and tunnels;

 

   

a chemical spill or release;

 

   

explosion of a boiler;

 

   

the effect of a drought or reduced rainfall on its water supply;

 

   

labor difficulties;

 

   

terrorism or threats of terrorism;

 

   

domestic and international laws and regulations applicable to our Company and our business partners, including joint venture partners, around the world; and

 

   

other operating problems.

Disease or fire could affect our forests and manufacturing processes and, in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our operations are subject to various risks affecting our forests and manufacturing facilities, including disease and fire. Although to date certain pests and diseases afflicting radiata or taeda pine plantations in other parts of the world have not significantly affected the forestry industries in Chile, Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, these pests or diseases do migrate and may appear in Chile, Argentina, Brazil or Uruguay in the future. Similarly, although forest fires have not significantly affected our plantations to date due to the broad geographic extension of our plantations and the varied ages and climatic conditions of our plantations, forest fires are always a risk, particularly during low rainfall conditions, and may affect our plantations in the future. We do not maintain insurance against pests, diseases or, in certain areas, fires that could affect our forests, and as a result our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected if any of these risks were realized.

Climate change may negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

A growing number of scientists, environmentalists, international organizations, regulators and other commentators maintain that global climate change has contributed, and will continue to contribute, to the increasing unpredictability, frequency and severity of natural disasters (including, but not limited to, hurricanes, droughts, tornadoes, freezes, other storms and fires) in certain parts of the world. As a result, a number of legal and regulatory measures as well as social initiatives have been introduced in numerous countries in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas and other carbon emissions, which some argue to be substantial contributors to global climate change. Such reductions in greenhouse gas emissions could result in increased energy, transportation and raw material costs and may require us to make additional investments in facilities and equipment. In addition, our plantations are located in regions which have ideal climatic conditions for a short growing cycle. Any climate changes that negatively affect such favorable climate conditions in central or southern Chile or in any region in which we benefit from favorable climate conditions could adversely affect the growth rate and quality of our plantations, or our production costs. Although we cannot predict the impact of changing global climate conditions, if any, nor can we predict the impact of legal, regulatory and social responses to concerns about global climate change, any such occurrences may negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

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Risks relating to Chile

Adverse changes in Chile’s political and economic conditions could directly impact our business and the market price of our securities.

At December 31, 2010, 75.4% of our property, plant and equipment and forest assets were located in Chile, and in 2010, 73.8% of our revenues were attributable to our Chilean operations. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows depend, to a considerable extent, upon economic conditions in Chile. Future changes in the Chilean economy could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and may impair our ability to proceed with our strategic plan of business. In addition, such changes may impact the market price of our securities.

The Chilean government has exercised and continues to exercise a substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. We have no control over and cannot predict how government intervention and policies will affect the Chilean economy or, directly and indirectly, our operations and revenues. Our operations and financial condition and the market price of our securities may be adversely affected by changes in policies involving exchange controls, taxation and other matters.

Chile has different corporate disclosure and accounting standards from those with which you may be familiar in the United States, and Chile’s securities laws may not afford you the same protections as U.S. securities laws.

The accounting, financial reporting and securities disclosure requirements applicable to foreign private issuers differ from those applicable to issuers domiciled in the United States in some important respects. Accordingly, the information about us available to you will not be the same as the information disclosed by a U.S. company required to file reports with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

In addition, although Chilean law imposes restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation, applicable Chilean securities laws and regulations are different from those in the United States, and some investors protections available in the United States may not be available in the same form, or at all, in Chile.

Inflation in Chile may disrupt our business and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Chile has experienced high rates of inflation in the past. The annual rates of inflation (as measured by changes in the consumer price index and as reported by the Chilean National Institute of Statistics) in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 were 3.7%, 2.6%, 7.8%, 7.1%, -1.4% and 3.0%, respectively. High levels of inflation in Chile could adversely affect the Chilean economy and have a material adverse effect on our revenues, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Changes in the rate of inflation in Chile could continue in the future. Due to the competitive pressures we face in each of our product lines, we may not be able to increase prices in lock-step with inflation, which could materially and adversely affect our revenues, results of operations, financial and cash flows.

Currency fluctuations may have a negative effect on our financial results.

The Chilean peso has been subject to depreciations and appreciations in the past and may be subject to significant fluctuations in the future. We transact a significant portion of our business in U.S. dollars, and the U.S. dollar is the currency of the primary economic environment in which we operate. A significant portion of our operating costs, however, are denominated in Chilean pesos. An increase in the Chilean peso/U.S. dollar exchange rate increases our Chilean peso-denominated costs.

In addition, as an international company operating in Chile and several other countries, we transact a portion of our business and have assets and liabilities in Chilean pesos and other non-U.S. dollar currencies, such as the Argentine peso, the Uruguayan peso, the Brazilian reais, the Colombian peso and the Mexican peso, among others. To the extent that the Chilean peso depreciates against the U.S. dollar, our domestic sales revenues may be

 

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adversely affected when expressed in U.S. dollars. The same effects may occur for our domestic sales in Argentina and Brazil for products sold in each of the respective local currencies. As a result, fluctuations in the exchange rates of such foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Risks relating to Argentina

The economic conditions in Argentina may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

At December 31, 2010, 10.8% of our property, plant and equipment and forest assets were located in Argentina, and in 2010, 14.6% of our revenues were attributable to our Argentine operations. The financial condition and results of our Argentine operations, including the ability of our Argentine subsidiary Alto Paraná to raise capital, depend, to a certain extent, upon economic conditions prevailing in Argentina. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Description of Business—History.”

From 1998 to 2002, the Argentine economy experienced an economic recession marked by reduced levels of consumption and investment and an elevated unemployment rate. The Argentine gross domestic product, or GDP, decreased by 0.8% in 2000, 4.0% in 2001 and 10.9% in 2002. Since 2003, the Argentine GDP increased by 8.8% in 2003, 9.0% in 2004, 9.2% in 2005, 8.5% in 2006, 8.7% in 2007 and 6.8% in 2008. Although in 2009, Argentina’s GDP growth slowed to 0.9% as a result of the global financial crisis, in 2010 it rose to 9.2%. Depending on the future development of the economy of Argentina, over which we have no control, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.

In addition, the Argentine government has exercised and continues to exercise significant influence over many aspects of the Argentine economy and the private sector. Depending on the Argentine government’s actions, including, among others, actions with respect to inflation, interest rates, foreign exchange controls and taxes, our operations in Argentina could be adversely affected. We have no control over and cannot predict how government intervention and policies will affect the Argentine economy or our operations and revenues in Argentina.

Changes to the Argentine Central Bank’s currency exchange control measures may impair the ability of Alto Paraná, our Argentine subsidiary, to meet its obligations and transfer money abroad.

We guarantee a portion of Alto Paraná’s debt. We may be required to fulfill our obligation under our guarantees if the Argentine government were to restrict Alto Paraná’s ability to transfer funds abroad to service such debt. For a description of Alto Paraná’s debt which we guarantee see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Since 2001, the Argentine government has imposed a number of monetary and currency exchange control measures, which have included the obligation to repatriate foreign currency earned abroad and tight restrictions on transferring funds abroad, with certain exceptions for authorized transactions. Although current restrictions have not materially affected Alto Paraná’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, including its ability to service its debt, if in the future such payments are restricted, such restriction would be an obstacle to Alto Paraná’s ability to transfer money abroad, which may negatively affect its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We are subject to a substantial tax claim in Argentina

On December 14, 2007, the Administración Federal de Ingresos Públicos, or AFIP, Argentina’s internal revenue service, notified our Argentine subsidiary, Alto Paraná S.A., or Alto Paraná, of a claim for unpaid taxes for fiscal years 2002, 2003 and 2004 in the aggregate amount of AR$418 million (or approximately U.S.$105 million) (including principal, interest and penalties accrued through such date), arising from a dispute regarding certain income tax deductions (related to debt issued by Alto Paraná in 2001 and repaid in 2007) taken by Alto Paraná and rejected by the AFIP. On February 8, 2010, Argentina’s tax court (Tribunal Fiscal de la Nación) issued an unfavorable administrative ruling requiring that Alto Paraná pay the AFIP’s claim in full.

 

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Alto Paraná appealed this unfavorable administrative ruling to the Court of Appeals and also filed an injunctive action requesting that the court stay Alto Paraná’s payment obligation until resolution of its pending appeal. On May 13, 2010, the Court of Appeals granted an injunction of Alto Paraná’s payment obligation in exchange for the posting of a surety bond in the amount of AR$633.6 million (or approximately U.S.$159 million). We have not established any reserve in respect of this contingency and can offer no assurance that the Court of Appeals will issue a ruling favorable to us. If the Court of Appeals upholds the decision of the Tribunal Fiscal de la Nación, Alto Paraná will be required to satisfy the abovementioned claim which would have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. See “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.”

Risks relating to Brazil

Economic conditions in Brazil may have a direct impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

At December 31, 2010, 13.8% of our property, plant and equipment and forest assets were located in Brazil, and in 2010, 11.6% of our revenues were attributable to our Brazilian operations. During the first quarter of 2005, we acquired all of the shares of capital stock of LD Forest Products S.A. and of Placas do Paraná S.A., or Placas do Paraná, in Brazil, as well as 50% of the shares of capital stock of Dynea Brasil S.A., or Dynea Brasil, in Brazil. In April 2010, our subsidiary Arauco do Brasil S.A. acquired the other 50% of the shares of Dynea Brasil. As a result of this acquisition, we own 100% of the shares of Dynea Brasil.

In September 2007, our subsidiaries Placas do Paraná S.A. and Arauco Florestal S.A. entered into an agreement for the joint ownership of land with Stora Enso Oyj, or Stora Enso, a Finnish-Swedish multinational corporation. Pursuant to the agreement, we acquired 80% of the shares in Stora Enso Arapoti Empreendimentos Agrícolas S.A., now Arauco Florestal Arapoti S.A., which owns 50,000 hectares of land, including 25,000 hectares of pine and 5,000 hectares of eucalyptus plantations; 20% of the shares in Stora Enso Arapoti Indústria de Papel S.A., which owns a paper mill with an annual production capacity of 205,000 tons of light weight coated paper; and 100% of the shares of Stora Enso Arapoti Serraria Ltda., which owns a sawmill with an annual production capacity of 150,000 cubic meters per year. In August 2009, we acquired, through our Brazilian subsidiary Placas do Paraná, Tafisa Brasil S.A., or Tafisa Brasil, which has a panel production facility located in the city of Pien, Brazil, with an annual total installed capacity of 640,000 cubic meters, and which includes two production lines producing medium density fiberboard (MDF) and one production line producing particleboard. The facility also has added-value lines to produce products for the construction and furniture industries.

As a result of the foregoing, to a certain extent, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be dependent on economic conditions in Brazil.

The Brazilian government has exercised, and continues to exercise, significant influence over the Brazilian economy. Brazilian political and economic conditions have a direct impact on our business.

The Brazilian government has intervened the Brazilian economy and, occasionally, has made drastic changes in policy and regulations. The Brazilian government’s actions to control inflation and other policies and regulations have often involved, among other measures, wage and price controls, currency devaluations, capital controls and limits on imports. The business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of our Brazilian subsidiaries may be adversely affected by such matters, changes in policy or regulation involving tariffs and exchange controls, as well as by factors such as:

 

   

currency fluctuations;

 

   

real estate ownership restrictions;

 

   

inflation;

 

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social instability;

 

   

price instability;

 

   

interest rates;

 

   

liquidity of domestic capital and lending markets;

 

   

tax policy; and

 

   

other political, diplomatic, social and economic developments in or affecting Brazil.

The Brazilian government’s actions have had and may continue to have a material effect on private sector entities, including our operations in Brazil. We have no control over and cannot predict how government intervention and policies will affect the Brazilian economy or, directly and indirectly, our operations and revenues.

Inflation and efforts by the Brazilian government to combat inflation may contribute significantly to economic uncertainty in Brazil and could harm the business of our Brazilian subsidiaries.

Brazil has, in the past, experienced high rates of inflation. More recently, Brazil’s rates of inflation were 3.1% in 2006, 4.5% in 2007, 5.9% in 2008, 4.3% in 2009 and 5.9% in 2010, as measured by the Brazilian consumer price index (Índice de Preços ao Consumidor-Amplo). In the past, inflation, governmental measures to combat inflation and public speculation about possible future actions have had significant negative effects on the Brazilian economy. Certain future measures, if taken by the Brazilian government, including interest rate increases, intervention in the foreign exchange market and actions to adjust or fix the value of the real may trigger increases in inflation, and consequently, have adverse economic impacts on the business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of our Brazilian subsidiaries could suffer.

Fluctuations in the value of Brazil’s currency against the value of the U.S. dollar may result in uncertainty in the Brazilian economy and the Brazilian securities market, which may adversely affect the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of our recently acquired Brazilian subsidiaries.

The Brazilian real has historically suffered frequent devaluation. In the past, the Brazilian government has implemented various economic plans and exchange rate policies, including sudden devaluations, periodic mini-devaluations during which the frequency of adjustments has ranged from daily to monthly, floating exchange rate systems, exchange controls and dual exchange rate markets. Although over long periods, depreciation of the real generally is correlated with the differential in the inflation rate in Brazil versus the inflation rate in the United States, depreciation over shorter periods has resulted in significant fluctuations in the exchange rate between the real and the U.S. dollar and other currencies.

For example, the real appreciated by 34.4% against the U.S. dollar in 2009, and appreciated 3.9% during 2010. The exchange rate between the real and the U.S. dollar may continue to fluctuate and may rise or decline substantially from current levels.

Devaluation of the Brazilian real and currency instability may adversely affect our results of operation and financial condition in terms of U.S. dollars and could adversely affect the ability of our Brazilian subsidiaries to meet their foreign currency obligations in the future and could result in a monetary loss relating to these obligations.

Risks relating to Uruguay

Economic conditions in Uruguay may have a direct impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

In September 2009, we and our subsidiary, Arauco Internacional S.A., which has been subsequently renamed Inversiones Arauco Internacional Limitada or “Arauco Internacional”, executed a series of joint venture agreements with Stora Enso, pursuant to which Stora Enso Amsterdam B.V., a subsidiary of Stora Enso, agreed to

 

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transfer ownership of 100% of the shares of Stora Enso Uruguay S.A. to Forestal Cono Sur S.A. or “Forestal Cono Sur”, our subsidiary in Uruguay, in exchange for 50% of the shares of Forestal Cono Sur. As a consequence of this transaction, we and Stora Enso equally own and control all assets that both companies own in Uruguay, which includes 74,000 hectares owned by Stora Enso (including 17,300 hectares which are already planted with forests) and 39,000 hectares owned by us (of which 27,400 are already planted with forests).

In addition, in October 2009, our subsidiary Arauco International S.A. and a subsidiary of Stora Enso jointly acquired certain Uruguayan subsidiaries of the Spanish Grupo Empresarial ENCE S.A., or ENCE, which include (i) Eufores S.A., (ii) Celulosa y Energía Punta Pereira S.A., (iii) El Esparragal Asociación Agraria de Responsabilidad Limitada, (iv) Terminal Logística e Industrial M’Bopicuá S.A. and (v) Zona Franca Punta Pereira S.A. The principal assets of the acquired entities consist of an industrial site, 130,000 hectares of land (which includes, in part, 73,000 hectares of forestry plantation and 6,000 hectares under agreements with third parties) and the necessary environmental permits for the construction of a pulp mill, a river terminal and a nursery. For the purposes of this annual report, Stora Enso Uruguay S.A., Forestal Cono Sur, Eufores S.A., Celulosa y Energía Punta Pereira S.A., Zona Franca Punta Pereira S.A., El Esparragal Asociación Agraria de Responsabilidad Limitada and Terminal Logística e Industrial M’Bopicuá S.A. are jointly referred as the “Montes del Plata joint venture.” We own and operate these acquired assets jointly with Stora Enso as part of our Uruguayan joint venture. The aggregate value of the assets acquired as a result of this transaction was U.S.$335 million, of which we paid 50% (or approximately U.S.$167.5 million).

On January 18, 2011 Arauco and Stora Enso agreed to carry out the construction of a state of the art pulp mill with an annual guaranteed capacity of 1.3 million tons, a port and a power producing unit based on renewable sources, all located in Punta Pereira, department of Colonia, Uruguay. The total estimated investment is U.S.$1,900 million.

As a result of these significant recent investments we have made in Uruguay and the significant additional investments we are currently contemplating, our financial condition and results of operations may consequently depend, to a certain extent, on political and economic conditions in Uruguay. Certain future actions by the Uruguayan government including, among others, actions with respect to inflation, interest rates, foreign exchange controls and taxes, could have a material adverse effect on our operations in Uruguay.

Risks relating to other markets

Our business, earnings and prospects may be adversely affected by developments in other countries that are beyond our control.

Our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows depend, to a large extent, on the level of economic activity, government and foreign exchange policies and political and economic developments in our principal export markets. 94.9% of our total pulp sales in 2009 and 93.0% in 2010, as well as 60.5% in 2009 and 52.4% in 2010 of our total sales of forestry, wood and panel products were attributable to exports, principally to customers in Asia, the Americas and Western Europe. Our business, earnings and prospects, as well as our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and the market price of our securities, may be materially and adversely affected by developments in these export markets relating to inflation, interest rates, currency fluctuations, protectionism, government subsidies, price and wage controls, exchange control regulations, taxation, expropriation, social instability or other political, economic or diplomatic developments. For example, certain target countries to which we export may impose buying restrictions in our industry, which may adversely affect our sales. We have no control over these conditions and developments which could adversely affect us and our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows or the price or market of our securities.

Developments in other emerging and developed markets may adversely affect the market price of our securities and our ability to raise additional financing.

Our financial condition and the market price of our securities may be adversely affected by declines in the international financial markets and world economic conditions. Chilean securities markets are, to varying degrees, influenced by general economic, political, social and market conditions in other emerging and developed market

 

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countries, especially those in the United States, China and Latin America. Although economic conditions are different in each country, investors’ reactions to developments in one country can affect the securities markets and the securities of issuers in other countries, including Chile. Negative developments in the international financial markets in the future could adversely affect the market price of our securities and impair Arauco’s ability to raise additional capital.

Risks Relating to Our Securities

The non-payment of funds by our subsidiaries could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to service our debt, including our securities

Our cash flow and our ability to service debt is dependent, in part, on the cash flow and earnings of our subsidiaries and the payment of funds by those subsidiaries to us, in the form of loans, interest, dividends or otherwise. Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay any amounts due under the terms of our securities or to make any funds available for such purpose. Furthermore, claims of creditors of our subsidiaries, including trade creditors, will have priority over our creditors, including holders of our securities, with respect to the assets and cash flow of the subsidiaries. Our right to receive assets of any of our subsidiaries upon their liquidation or reorganization (and the consequent right of the holders of our securities to participate in those assets) will be effectively subordinated to the claims of that subsidiary’s creditors.

Changes in Chilean tax laws could lead us to redeem our securities

Under current Chilean law and regulations, payments of interest made from Chile to holders of debt securities who are neither residents nor domiciled or organized in Chile for purposes of Chilean taxation will, generally, be subject to Chilean withholding tax at a rate of 4.0%. Subject to certain exceptions, we will pay additional amounts (as described in “Item 10. Additional Information—Taxation”) so that the net amounts received by the holder of the notes (including additional amounts) after such Chilean withholding tax will equal the amounts that would have been received in respect of the notes in the absence of such Chilean withholding tax. In the event of certain changes in Chilean tax laws requiring that we pay additional amounts that are in excess of the additional amounts that we would owe if payments of interest on our securities were subject only to a 4.0% withholding tax, we will have the right to redeem our securities.

 

Item 4. Information on the Company

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

We believe that, as of December 31, 2010, we were one of Latin America’s largest forest plantation owner, and that we are Chile’s largest exporter of forestry and wood products in terms of sales revenue. We have industrial operations in Chile, Argentina and Brazil. As of December 31, 2010, we had approximately 1.0 million hectares of plantations in Chile, Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. During 2010, we harvested 16.6 million cubic meters of sawlogs and pulplogs and sold 5.4 million cubic meters of wood products, including sawn timber (green and kiln-dried lumber), remanufactured wood products and panels (plywood, medium density fiber board, or MDF, particle board, or PBO, and high density fiber board, or HB).

Based on information published by Resource Information Systems, Inc., an independent research company for the pulp and paper industry, at December 31, 20010, we were one of the world’s largest producers of bleached and unbleached softwood kraft market pulp in terms of production capacity, with an estimated 7.8% share of the total world production of bleached softwood kraft market pulp and a 16.9% share of the total world production of softwood kraft market unbleached pulp. “Market pulp” is pulp sold to manufacturers of paper products, as opposed to pulp produced by an integrated paper producer for use in its paper production facilities. “Kraft pulp” is pulp produced using a chemical process.

 

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Based on information published by Resource Information Systems, Inc., we were also one of the world’s lowest-cost producers of softwood kraft market pulp. We believe that we are able to produce our products at a lower cost than our competitors because of the high growth rate and short harvest cycle of radiata and taeda pine compared to other commercial softwoods, the advanced genetic and silviculture techniques we apply in our forest management, our modern mill facilities and the proximity of our operations to Pacific coast ports.

History

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. is a corporation (sociedad anónima) organized under the laws of Chile and subject to certain rules applicable to Chilean public corporations (sociedades anónimas abiertas). Our principal executive offices are located at Avenida El Golf 150, 14th Floor, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile, and our telephone number is +56-2-461-7200.

We were formed on September 14, 1979 in a merger between Industrias de Celulosa Arauco S.A., or Industrias Arauco, and Celulosa Constitución S.A., or Celulosa Constitución. Our two predecessor companies were created in the late 1960s and early 1970s by Corporación de Fomento de la Producción, or Corfo, a Chilean government development corporation, to develop forest resources, improve soil quality in former farming areas and promote employment. As part of the Chilean government’s privatization program, Corfo sold Industrias Arauco to Compañía de Petróleos de Chile S.A., or Copec, in 1977 and Celulosa Constitución to Copec in 1979. In October 2003, Copec transferred all of its gasoline- and fuel-related business assets to a new subsidiary, and changed its legal name to Empresas Copec S.A., or Empresas Copec. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders.”

In 1996, we acquired Alto Paraná S.A., an Argentine company, which, at that time, owned plantations and other land in Argentina and manufactured and sold bleached softwood kraft pulp. With this acquisition, we expanded our market opportunities outside of Chile.

In 2000, we acquired 98% of the shares of Forestal Cholguán S.A., or Cholguán, and 50% of Trupán S.A., or Trupán, which permitted us to enter the MDF and HB markets, and in 2002, we began operations at two new MDF mills, one in Chile and one in Argentina.

In 2005, we expanded our presence in Chile, Argentina and Brazil through a series of acquisitions that increased our land holdings and the production capacity of various sectors of our business.

On June 30, 2006, through our subsidiaries Aserraderos Arauco S.A., Forestal Celco S.A., Bosques Arauco S.A. and Forestal Valdivia S.A., we acquired the forestry assets of Cementos Bío-Bío S.A. The acquisition represented an investment of U.S.$133.3 million. The acquired assets consisted of 21,000 hectares of pine plantations, one sawmill with an annual production capacity of approximately 250,000 cubic meters per year and a remanufacturing facility.

On September 27, 2007 we entered into an agreement for the joint ownership of land in Brazil with Stora Enso Oyj, a Finnish-Swedish multinational corporation. Pursuant to the agreement, we acquired 80% of the shares in Stora Enso Arapoti Empreendimentos Agrícolas S.A., now Arauco Florestal Arapoti S.A., which owns 50,000 hectares of land, including 25,000 hectares of pine and 5,000 hectares of eucalyptus plantations; 20% of the shares in Stora Enso Arapoti Indústria de Papel S.A., which owns a paper mill with an annual production capacity of 205,000 tons of light weight coated paper; and 100% of the shares of Stora Enso Arapoti Serraria Ltda., which owns a sawmill with an annual production capacity of 150,000 cubic meters per year. This alliance required an investment of U.S.$208.4 million, which was financed with our resources and commercial bank loans.

On May 17, 2009, our subsidiary Arauco International S.A. and a subsidiary of Stora Enso Oyj agreed through a joint venture partnership to acquire the Uruguayan subsidiaries of the Spanish Grupo Empresarial ENCE S.A., which acquisition was completed on October 16, 2009. The companies acquired by the joint venture partnership were Eufores S.A., Celulosa y Energía Punta Pereira S.A. and Zona Franca Punta Pereira S.A. The main assets of these subsidiaries include 130,000 hectares of land, of which 73,000 have forestry plantations, 6,000 hectares under agreements with third parties, an industrial site, the necessary environmental permits for the

 

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construction of a pulp mill, a river terminal, a chip producing mill and a nursery. The agreed value of these assets, pursuant to the aforementioned transaction, was U.S.$335 million, of which Arauco paid 50% (or U.S.$167.5 million). See “Item 5. Operating Financial Review and Prospects—Results of Operations—Negative Goodwill Immediately Recognized”.

On August 26, 2009, our subsidiary Placas do Paraná S.A. acquired 100% of the shares of Tafisa Brasil, by means of a share purchase agreement executed among SCS Beheer, B.V., Tafiber—Tableros de Fibras Ibéricos, S.L. (each of which is a subsidiary of Sonae Indústria, SGPS, S.A.) and Placas do Paraná S.A. Pursuant to the transaction, we paid a purchase price of approximately U.S.$227 million, of which U.S.$165.2 million was allocated to pay the value of the shares of Tafisa Brasil, with the balance corresponding to liabilities that the acquired company maintained. The primary asset of Tafisa Brasil (which has been renamed “Arauco do Brasil S.A.”) is a panel production facility located in the city of Pien, Brazil, which is in the state of Paraná. The facility has an annual total installed capacity of 640,000 cubic meters, which includes three production lines: two lines producing medium density fiberboard (MDF) and one line producing particleboard. The facility also has added-value lines to produce products for the construction and furniture industries.

On September 27, 2009, Arauco and its subsidiary Arauco Internacional, executed a series of joint venture agreements with Stora Enso, pursuant to which Stora Enso Amsterdam B.V. agreed to transfer ownership of 100% of the shares of Stora Enso Uruguay S.A. to Forestal Cono Sur. As a consequence of this transaction, Arauco and Stora Enso equally control all assets that both companies own in Uruguay, which includes 74,000 hectares owned by Stora Enso (including 17,300 hectares which are already planted with forests) and 39,000 hectares owned by Arauco (of which 27,400 are already planted with forests). These assets, and those that we acquired from Grupo Empresarial ENCE, S.A. in May of 2009, have helped to secure a strategic basis to consider the construction of a future pulp mill in Uruguay.

In addition, in October 2009, our subsidiary Arauco International S.A. and a subsidiary of Stora Enso acquired in equal parts Eufores S.A., Celulosa y Energía Punta Pereira S.A., El Esparragal Asociación Agraria de Responsabilidad Limitada, Terminal Logística e Industrial M’Bopicuá S.A. and Zona Franca Punta Pereira S.A., which were at that time Uruguayan subsidiaries of the Spanish Grupo Empresarial ENCE S.A., or ENCE, whose main assets include 130,000 hectares of land, of which 73,000 have forestry plantations, 6,000 hectares under agreements with third parties and one industrial site, along with the necessary environmental permits for the construction of a pulp mill, a river terminal and one nursery. We own and operate these acquired assets jointly with Stora Enso as part of the Montes del Plata joint venture. The aggregate value of the assets acquired as a result of this transaction was U.S.$335 million, of which we paid 50% (or approximately U.S.$167.5 million).

In April 2010, our subsidiary Arauco do Brasil S.A. acquired 50% of the shares of Dynea Brasil S.A. from Dynea AS for U.S.$15 million. As a result of this acquisition, we now own 100% of the shares of Dynea Brasil S.A.

On January 18, 2011 Arauco and Stora Enso agreed to carry out the construction of a state of the art pulp mill with an annual guaranteed capacity of 1.3 million tons, a port and a power producing unit based on renewable sources, all located in Punta Pereira, department of Colonia, Uruguay. The total estimated investment is U.S.$1,900 million. See “Item 5. Operating Financial Review and Prospects—Results of Operations—Other Profit (Loss)”.

Corporate Structure

We are substantially wholly owned by Empresas Copec S.A., a public company listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Valparaíso Stock Exchange and the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange. Empresas Copec is a holding company, the principal interests of which are in Arauco, gasoline and gas distribution, electricity, fishing and mining. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders.”

 

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The following table sets forth our ownership interests in our subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010.

 

     Country of
incorporation
   Total stock held  

Agenciamiento y Servicios Profesionales S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico      99.9986

Alto Paraná S.A.

   Argentina      99.9762   

Arauco Australia S.A.

   Australia      99.9986   

Arauco Bioenergía S.A.

   Chile      99.9985   

Arauco Colombia S.A.

   Colombia      99.9976   

Arauco Denmark ApS

   Denmark      99.9991   

Arauco Distribución S.A.

   Chile      99.9992   

Arauco do Brasil S.A.(ex-Placas do Paraná S.A.)

   Brazil      99.9986   

Arauco Ecuador S.A.

   Ecuador      99.9986   

Arauco Florestal Arapoti S.A.

   Brazil      79.9989   

Arauco Forest Brasil S.A.

   Brazil      99.9988   

Arauco Forest Products B.V.

   The Netherlands      99.9991   

Arauco Holanda Cooperatief U.A.

   The Netherlands      99.9990   

Arauco Perú S.A.

   Peru      99.9986   

Arauco Wood Products, Inc.

   U.S.A.      99.9986   

Araucomex S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico      99.9986   

Aserraderos Arauco S.A.

   Chile      99.9992   

Bosques Arauco S.A.

   Chile      99.9256   

Catan Empreendimentos e Participacoes S.A.

   Brazil      99.9934   

Controladora de Plagas Forestales S.A.

   Chile      59.6326   

Empreendimentos Florestais Santa Cruz Ltda. (ex-Lucchese Empreendimentos e Participacoes Ltda.)

   Brazil      99.9885   

Forestal Arauco S.A.

   Chile      99.9248   

Forestal Celco S.A.

   Chile      99.9256   

Forestal Cholguán S.A.

   Chile      97.4281   

Forestal Concepcion S.A.

   Panama      99.9986   

Forestal Los Lagos S.A.

   Chile      79.9405   

Forestal Nuestra Señora del Carmen S.A.

   Argentina      99.9987   

Forestal Valdivia S.A.

   Chile      99.9256   

Industrias Forestales S.A.

   Argentina      99.9987   

Inversiones Arauco Internacional Ltda. (ex-Arauco Internacional S.A.)

   Chile      99.9986   

Inversiones Celco S.L.

   Spain      99.9991   

Investigaciones Forestales Bioforest S.A.

   Chile      99.9256   

Leasing Forestal S.A.

   Argentina      99.9767   

Mahal Empreendimentos e Participacoes S.A.

   Brazil      99.9934   

Paneles Arauco S.A.

   Chile      99.9992   

Savitar (Forestal Talavera S.A.)

   Argentina      99.9985   

Servicios Logísticos Arauco S.A.

   Chile      99.9995   

Business Strategy

Our business strategy is to maximize the value of our forest plantations by pursuing sustainable growth opportunities in our core businesses and expanding into new markets and products. We are implementing our business strategy through the following initiatives:

 

   

We are improving the growth rate and quality of our plantations through advanced forest management techniques;

 

   

We are executing a capital expenditure plan designed to reinforce our competitive advantages through economies of scale and scope, improving the efficiency and productivity of our industrial activities and optimizing the use of our forests through biomass energy generation;

 

   

We continue to develop our facilities, transportation, shipping, storage and product distribution network that allow us to reach over 70 countries worldwide; and

 

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We are expanding internationally into new regions that we believe have comparative advantages in the forestry sector.

Domestic and Export Sales

The following table sets forth our sales revenue derived from exports and domestic sales for the years indicated.

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2008      2009      2010  
     (in millions of U.S.$)  

Export Sales

        

Bleached pulp

   $ 1,508       $ 1,332       $ 1,448   

Unbleached pulp

     173         191         217   

Sawn timber

     390         234         359   

Remanufactured wood products

     223         170         131   

Plywood and fiber panels

     506         441         485   

Posts

     3         4         6   

Other

     4         0         1   
                          

Total export sales revenue

   $ 2,807       $ 2,372       $ 2,647   
                          

Domestic Sales

        

Bleached pulp

     107         69         94   

Unbleached pulp

     4         13         30   

Sawlogs

     72         46         98   

Pulplogs

     13         10         15   

Sawn timber

     82         68         105   

Remanufactured wood products

     24         22         19   

Chips

     10         17         29   

Electric power

     121         78         86   

Plywood and fiber panels

     441         390         624   

Other

     33         28         40   
                          

Total domestic sales revenue

   $ 907       $ 741       $ 1,141   
                          

Total sales revenue

   $ 3,714       $ 3,113       $ 3,788   
                          

The following table sets forth a geographic market breakdown of our export sales revenue for the years indicated.

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2008      2009      2010  
     (in millions of U.S. dollars)  

North America

   $ 624       $ 482       $ 508   

Central and South America

     316         258         368   

Asia

     1,189         1,251         1,273   

Europe

     574         318         412   

Other

     104         63         85   
                          

Total

   $ 2,807       $ 2,372       $ 2,647   
                          

Forestry Activity

Radiata pine grows at the fastest rates within a narrow band of latitude and under certain climatic conditions. One of Chile’s main advantages in the forestry products industry lies in the short growing cycle of its radiata pine plantations. The faster growth rate of radiata pine trees in Chile allows harvesting of pulplogs and sawlogs 16 to 18 years after planting and of high quality sawlogs 25 years after planting. For most temperate softwood forests in the Northern Hemisphere this range is 18 to 45 years for pulplogs and 50 to 150 years for high

 

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quality sawn timber. Consequently, the Chilean forestry industry is a relatively low cost producer, since a Chilean producer generally requires less time and a smaller area to produce the same volume of pine as its North American or European competitors, who face lower forest growth rates and higher transportation and investment costs as a result of the larger tracts of forests necessary to produce equivalent yields of softwood. Accordingly, since the mid-1970s, we have focused our forest management toward the application of advanced genetic and silviculture techniques to increase productivity and the quality of our plantations.

Eucalyptus, which we began planting in 1989, grows well in the forest regions of Chile. Once planted, eucalyptus trees require no further forest management (other than fire control and reduction of weeds) until harvest. The average harvest cycle of eucalyptus plantations is approximately 12 years. Once harvested, Eucalyptus can be replanted or regrown.

Throughout our history, we have demonstrated a continued commitment to the improvement of our forest management policies. In particular, we have adopted environmentally sensitive policies towards our holdings of native forests, which are protected and preserved in their entirety. Our products come from our established plantations only; we do not sell any products derived from our native forests. We conduct our forestry operations in accordance with current legislative and environmental sustainability standards. Certain of our subsidiaries have received various environmental certifications as of the date of this annual report, which include, but are not limited to the following:

 

   

Sustainable Forest Management Certification: the Chilean certification of sustainable forest management, as determined since 2004 by the PEFC (Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certifications Schemes). PEFC is an international non-profit, non-governmental organization dedicated to promoting sustainable forest management;

 

   

Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Certification: a forest management certification aimed at promoting forest management that is environmentally responsible, socially beneficial and economically viable for the world’s forests. FSC is a non-profit organization devoted to encouraging the responsible management of the world’s forests;

 

   

Chain of Custody Certification: a certification granted by the PEFC and designed to ensure that certified raw materials are used in finished product;

 

   

Chain of Custody and Controlled Wood Certification: a certification from FSC that is designed to ensure traceability of certified and uncertified wood from the forest to the finished product;

 

   

Environmental Management System ISO 14001: a certification issued by the International Standards Organization (ISO), awarded to organizations that comply with environmental legislation, monitor significant environmental impacts, prevent pollution and maintain a continuing program of environmental improvement. ISO is an international non-profit, non-governmental organization dedicated to developing international business standards;

 

   

Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) 18001: a certification awarded for the effective management of conditions and factors that may adversely affect the work environment of employees, temporary workers, contractors and other persons who are in the workplace.

Forest Plantations

At December 31, 2010, our planted forests consisted of 78% radiata and taeda pine and 22% mainly of eucalyptus. Radiata and taeda pine have a rapid growth rate and a short harvest cycle compared to other commercial softwoods. Radiata and taeda pine are sufficiently versatile for both the production of forestry and wood products and the production of long fiber pulp for sale to manufacturers of paper and packaging.

We seek to manage our forestry resources in a way that ensures that the annual growth of our forest is equal to or greater than the volume of resources harvested each year. In 2010, Arauco planted a total of 62,893 hectares

 

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and harvested a total of 42,480 hectares in Chile, Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay (which includes 50% of the total land owned in Uruguay by the Montes del Plata joint venture). We believe that we will reach a long-term sustainable equilibrium within the next five years, with annual harvests and plantations of approximately 64,200 hectares (including the Montes del Plata joint venture).

Our planted radiata pine forests are located in central and southern Chile, and most are located in close proximity to our major production facilities and to port facilities. The majority of our radiata pine is less than 16 years old.

At December 31, 2010, our aggregate radiata pine holdings comprised 42% of all Chilean radiata pine plantations, making us the country’s largest radiata pine plantation owner according to the Chilean Forestry Institute. At December 31, 2010, we owned approximately 1.1 million hectares of land in Chile, of which 0.7 million hectares are forest plantations.

At December 31, 2010, we owned 257,722 hectares of forest and other land in Argentina, 126,616 hectares of forest and other land in Brazil and 126,786 hectares of forest and other land that the Montes del Plata joint venture owns in Uruguay. Of the total land we own in these three countries, approximately 179,621 hectares of land is planted with taeda pine and elliotti pine, a species of softwood that has a growth rate similar to that of radiata pine. The balance includes plantations of other species of trees, land to be planted, protected areas and natural forests.

The following table sets forth the number of hectares and types of uses of our land holdings and rights, as of December 31, 2010.

 

     At December 31, 2010  
     Total      Distribution  
     (in hectares)      (percentage)  

Pine plantations(1)

     

0-5 years

     206,962         12.6

6-10 years

     171,933         10.5   

11-15 years

     188,895         11.5   

16-20 years

     136,982         8.3   

21+ years

     81,897         5.0   

Subtotal

     786,670         47.9   

Eucalyptus plantations(2)

     196,003         11.9   

Plantation of other species

     23,988         1.5   

Subtotal

     1,006,660         61.3   

Land for plantations

     60,520         3.7   

Land for other uses(3)

     575,166         35.0   
                 

Total(4)

     1,642,347         100.0
                 

 

(1) 

All years are calculated from the date of planting.

(2) 

Approximately 73% of our eucalyptus plantations are less than 10 years old.

(3) 

Includes roads, firebreaks, native forests and yards.

(4) 

Includes 100% of Alto Paraná-owned plantations, 80% of Forestal los Lagos S.A.-owned plantations, 80% of plantations owned by the Montes del Plata joint venture. Also includes 57,715 hectares for which we have the right to harvest but which we do not own, of which 49,487 hectares are in Chile, 7,923 hectares are in Uruguay and 305 hectares are in Argentina.

Land Acquisition and Afforestation

Our total land assets have increased from fewer than 170,000 hectares in 1980 to 1,642,347 hectares at December 31, 2010. That number does not include 12,184 hectares owned by third parties or the assets owned by Forestal Río Grande S.A. as to which we have harvesting rights. In the five years ending December 31, 2010, we purchased 261,587 hectares of land, of which 36,398 hectares were purchased in Chile, 16,156 in Argentina, 110,829 in Brazil and 119,311 in Uruguay.

 

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We expect to acquire additional land in Argentina, Uruguay (through the Montes del Plata joint venture) and Brazil (through minority investments in certain other companies that Arauco does not control), and to a lesser extent in Chile if we are presented with the opportunity to do so at a desired price or location. There can be no assurance that we would be able to acquire land at the desired price or location.

We plan to continue our policy of supplementing our pulplog production with purchases from domestic third parties. We believe that this policy is economically efficient, given the significant quantities of pulplog available from third parties and our increasing proportion of sawlogs yielded from our plantations. We believe that the aggregate of our existing plantations, land currently held by us that we intend to afforest and the third-party purchases we make in the ordinary course of our business will be sufficient to satisfy our anticipated future demand for sawlogs and pulplogs.

Chile

On January 6, 2005, through our subsidiary Forestal Valdivia S.A., we acquired 80% of Forestal Los Lagos S.A., which represented an investment of U.S.$21.4 million and included 9,234 hectares of land planted with eucalyptus in the Fourteenth Region of Chile.

On June 30, 2006, through our subsidiaries Aserraderos Arauco S.A., Forestal Celco S.A., Bosques Arauco S.A. and Forestal Valdivia S.A., we acquired the forestry assets of Cementos Bío-Bío S.A. The acquisition represented an investment of U.S.$133.3 million. The acquired assets consist of 21,000 hectares of pine plantations, one sawmill with an annual production capacity of approximately 250,000 cubic meters per year and a remanufacturing facility.

On October 11, 2006, the Bío Bío Investment Fund, a Chilean fund in which a group of Chilean insurance companies and other private investors participate, acquired the assets of Forestal Bío-Bío S.A. for U.S.$346 million, which included approximately 40,000 hectares of plantations. On that same date, Arauco entered into certain agreements with the Bío Bío Investment Fund pursuant to which Arauco became the administrator and exclusive buyer of these forestry assets. Arauco receives an annual fee for the administration of the forests. Arauco’s obligations under these agreements include the purchase of the fund’s forestry assets over a seven-year term beginning in 2006 and the purchase of the fund’s supply of timber during the same period. Arauco will pay a total of U.S.$461.6 million for the purchase of the fund’s forestry assets and timber supply over such seven-year term.

In January 2007, the Bío Bío Investment Fund transferred all of its assets and financial debt to Forestal Río Grande S.A., its newly created subsidiary. At the same time, the Bío Bío Investment Fund assigned all the administration and supply agreements it had entered into with Arauco to Forestal Río Grande S.A. Arauco has determined that Forestal Río Grande S.A. is a variable interest entity of which Arauco is the primary beneficiary. As a result, commencing on October 11, 2006, Arauco consolidates the assets and liabilities of Forestal Río Grande S.A. The indebtedness of Forestal Río Grande S.A. is neither secured by Arauco nor is Arauco liable for such indebtedness. See Note 1(c) to our audited consolidated financial statements.

In January 2007, through its subsidiary Bosques Arauco S.A., Arauco acquired 5,105 hectares of radiata pine plantation (excluding land) from Forestal Anchile Ltda. This acquisition represented an investment of U.S.$43.6 million.

In July 2008, through its subsidiary Forestal Valdivia S.A., Arauco acquired U.S.$14 million worth of plantations from Lafarge Chile S.A.

Argentina

In October 2005, through our Argentine subsidiary Industrias Forestales S.A., we acquired from Louis Dreyfus S.A.S. 100% of the stock of Ecoboard S.A.I.F. and Louis Dreyfus S.A.I.F. (subsequently renamed Ecoresine S.A.) in Argentina and, indirectly as a result of that purchase, 100% of the stock of Caif S.A. and LD Manufacturing S.A. (subsequently renamed Faplac S.A.) and 60% of the stock of Flooring S.A. As a result of these acquisitions, we own another 8,000 hectares of plantations in Argentina.

 

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In November 2006, through its subsidiary Arauco Internacional S.A., Arauco acquired La Señora del Milagro S.R.L. (subsequently renamed Forestal Nuestra Señora del Carmen S.A.), an Argentine forestry company, which owns approximately 4,000 hectares of land in Argentina, for U.S. $5.4 million.

In September 2007, Faplac S.A acquired 40% of the stock of Flooring S.A., from Fantoni SpA for U.S.$1.5 million.

In March 2008, Ecoboard SAIF, Ecoresine S.A. and CAIF S.A. merged with Industrias Forestales S.A.

In March 2008, Faplac S.A. acquired 20% of the stock of Savitar S.A. and El Oasis S.A., for U.S.$2.2 million, both Argentine forestry companies and owners of about 10,000 hectares of land. In 2009, Arauco acquired 80% of Savitar S.A. and El Oasis S.A. for U.S.$ 10.1 million.

In December 2008, Alto Paraná S.A. acquired 99.99% of the stock of the Brazilian company Lucchese Empreendimentos e Participações Ltda., which was subsequently renamed Empreendimientos Florestais Santa Cruz Ltda. and capitalized up to U.S.$39 million.

In January 2010, Faplac S.A. and Flooring S.A. merged into Alto Paraná S.A.

Brazil

In March 2005, through our Brazilian subsidiary Arauco do Brasil Ltda., we acquired from Louis Dreyfus S.A.S. 100% of the stock of LD Forest Products S.A. in Brazil and, indirectly as a result of that purchase, 100% of the stock of Placas do Paraná S.A. and 50% of the stock of Dynea Brasil S.A. As a result of these acquisitions, we acquired 25,800 hectares of plantations in Brazil.

In August 2006, through our subsidiary Arauco Forest Brasil S.A., we acquired from the Marchiori Group certain forestry land in Brazil. This investment of U.S.$39.6 million includes 14,715 hectares of land and plantations, mostly consisting of elliotti pine.

On September 27, 2007 Arauco entered into an agreement for the joint ownership of land in Brazil with Stora Enso Oyj, a Finnish-Swedish multinational corporation. Pursuant to the agreement, Arauco acquired 80% of the shares in Stora Enso Arapoti Empreendimentos Agrícolas S.A., now Arauco Florestal Arapoti S.A., which owns 50,000 hectares of land, including 25,000 hectares of pine and 5,000 hectares of eucalyptus plantations; 20% of the shares in Stora Enso Arapoti Indústria de Papel S.A., which owns a paper mill with an annual production capacity of 205,000 tons of light weight coated paper; and 100% of the shares of Stora Enso Arapoti Serraria Ltda., which owns a sawmill with an annual production capacity of 150,000 cubic meters per year. This alliance required an investment of U.S.$208.4 million, which was financed with Arauco’s resources and commercial bank loans.

Uruguay

On September 27, 2009, Arauco and its subsidiary Arauco Internacional, executed a series of joint venture agreements with Stora Enso, pursuant to which Stora Enso Amsterdam B.V. agreed to transfer ownership of 100% of the shares of Stora Enso Uruguay S.A. to Forestal Cono Sur, as part of the Montes del Plata joint venture. As a result of this transaction, Arauco and Stora Enso equally control all assets that both companies own in Uruguay, which includes 74,000 hectares owned by Stora Enso (including 17,300 hectares which are already planted with forests) and 39,000 hectares owned by Arauco (of which 27,400 are already planted with forests). These assets, and those that we acquired from Grupo Empresarial ENCE, S.A. in October of 2009, have helped to secure a strategic basis to consider the construction of a future pulp mill in Uruguay.

In addition, in October 2009, our subsidiary Arauco International S.A. and a subsidiary of Stora Enso acquired in equal parts Eufores S.A., Celulosa y Energía Punta Pereira S.A., El Esparragal Asociación Agraria de Responsabilidad Limitada, Terminal Logística e Industrial M’Bopicuá S.A. and Zona Franca Punta Pereira S.A., which were at that time Uruguayan subsidiaries of the Spanish Grupo Empresarial ENCE S.A., or ENCE, whose main assets include 130,000 hectares of land, of which 73,000 have forestry plantations, 6,000 hectares under

 

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agreements with third parties and one industrial site, along with the necessary environmental permits for the construction of a pulp mill, a river terminal and one nursery. We own and operate these acquired assets jointly with Stora Enso as part of the Montes del Plata joint venture. The aggregate value of the assets acquired as a result of this transaction was U.S.$335 million, of which we paid 50% (or approximately U.S.$167.5 million).

On January 18, 2011 Arauco and Stora Enso agreed to carry out the construction of a state of the art pulp mill with an annual guaranteed capacity of 1.3 million tons, a port and a power producing unit based on renewable sources, all located in Punta Pereira, department of Colonia, Uruguay. The total estimated investment is U.S.$1,900 million. For more information see “Item 5.Operating Financial Review and Prospects—Results of Operations—Negative Goodwill Immediately Recognized” and “—Other Profit (Loss)”.

Forest Management

For our pine plantations, our forestry management activities seek to increase sawlogs through advanced genetic techniques, planting and site preparation procedures, thinning and pruning. Managed forests can produce trees of larger diameter and, if pruned, a higher proportion of clear wood, which generally commands a higher price than knotted wood. Although some land is not suitable for the production of pruned logs, at December 31, 2010, over 64% of our pine forests in Chile were designed for clear wood production.

For our eucalyptus plantations, our forestry management activities seek to increase the amount of fiber production per hectare through advanced genetic techniques and planting and site preparation procedures. Eucalyptus is more expensive to plant than pine; however, after planting, eucalyptus requires minimal forest management, yields more fiber per hectare and has a shorter growth cycle and greater wood density than pine, resulting in a greater amount of pulp production per hectare.

As of December 31, 2010, we had nine nurseries in Chile, Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, in which we grow seedlings using seeds and using cuttings from genetically selected trees. To achieve higher quality trees and an increased growth rate, we apply strict selection criteria to the trees from which seedlings are produced. We then plant the seedlings manually. Depending upon the species of tree to be planted and the nutrient and physical characteristics of the soil, we may also undertake a certain amount of ground preparation before planting. Our other principal forest activities are thinning, pruning and harvesting.

Thinning, or culling inferior trees from the plantation, occurs in the following two stages:

 

   

Thinning to waste. Thinning to waste occurs after four to six years and results in an average reduction of the number of trees per hectare from 1,250 to approximately 700.

 

   

Commercial thinning. Thinned trees are used in pulp production or, depending on the quality of the particular land, as sawlogs. Commercial thinning occurs at 10 to 12 years and results in an average reduction of the number of trees per hectare from 700 to approximately 450.

This high level of thinning benefits Arauco for the following reasons:

 

   

the cost of planting is relatively low,

 

   

the higher number of young trees provide each other with natural protection from the elements, and

 

   

the high degree of selection that thinning makes possible leaves only the highest quality trees to be harvested.

Pruning involves removing branches, the source of knots, which are the main defect in sawn timber. Pruning results in a high-quality clearwood sawlog of 5.3 meters from each tree, and is conducted three times:

 

   

at the time of the first thinning,

 

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two years later, when trees are six to eight years old, and

 

   

one year later, when trees are seven to nine years old.

Our eucalyptus plantations are neither thinned nor pruned.

Harvesting timber involves felling trees, removing branches from the logs, cutting the logs into appropriate sections and loading the logs onto trucks for transport to sawmills, panel mills or pulp mills. We use the lower section of the radiata pine, comprising the first 7 to 12 meters, in sawmills and plywood mills or it is exported as sawlogs. We use the mid-section of the radiata pine, comprising, on average, the next 8 to 13 meters, in either sawmills or pulp mills, depending on the diameter and quality of the pine. We use the top section of the tree for pulp and MDF production.

We monitor product demand and our current inventory levels, and we match harvests from sections of our plantations that will provide the optimal yield given our product requirements. This process involves the use of sophisticated operations research models and close communication between our different operating areas to ensure that the correct amounts of timber of the required characteristics are supplied. We replant as soon as practicable after harvesting, with an average period between harvesting and replanting of one year.

The following table illustrates, on a hectare basis, the extent of our thinning, pruning and harvesting activities in Chile during the periods indicated.

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2008      2009      2010  
     (in hectares)  

Thinning

     18,562         19,246         11,570   

Pruning

     40,721         31,191         27,335   

Harvesting

     29,184         30,872         30,158   

We manage our forest activities, but we hire independent contractors to perform the bulk of our operations, including planting, maintenance, thinning, pruning, harvesting, transportation and access road construction. As of December 31, 2010, we had arrangements with more than 389 independent contractors that employed over 12,151 workers in Chile. Many of these contractors have long-standing relationships with us, but we award many contracts based on competitive bids. We believe that our arrangements with independent contractors provide greater flexibility and efficiency than performing these activities directly.

Our plantations are interspersed with native forest and farmland, and, as a result, they are naturally protected against the spread of certain diseases. In addition, our subsidiary Investigaciones Forestales Bioforest S.A., or “Bioforest”, has developed strategies to protect our forests from pests and diseases. During the last five years, radiata pine plantations have been affected by two health problems in particular: 1) the sirex noctilio, a wasp which attacks stressed trees, has caused a natural selection for thinning and 2) the disease produced by phytophthora pinifolia has reduced the growth rate of certain trees. To mitigate the effects of the sirex noctilio, Bioforest has implemented a biological control program under which it has released into the affected forests natural enemies of the sirex noctilio, including the nematode, the beddingia siricidicola and the parasitoid ibalia leucospoide. To control the spread of phytophthora pinifolia, Bioforest has begun genetically engineering our trees to be more tolerant to the disease and has also begun dispersing in our forests a fertilizer that further promotes resistance. For more information regarding certain risks to our forests presented by disease, see “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Disease or fire could affect our forests and manufacturing processes and, in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operation and cash flows.”

We operate an extensive fire control organization that interacts with the fire control organizations of other forestry companies to ensure that any fire damage to our forests is minimal. The operation primarily consists of a system of spotter towers, manned 24 hours a day during the summer months, from which spotters report the direction of any fire observed to a central command post, where the fire’s exact location is determined and an appropriate ground and/or aerial response is formulated. Over the last five years, this system has limited fire damage to our forests to an average of 0.3% of the plantations per year.

 

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Forest Production

We harvested 16.6 million cubic meters of logs during the year ended December 31, 2010, consisting of 8.7 million cubic meters of sawlogs, 6.0 million cubic meters of radiata pine pulplogs and 1.9 million cubic meters of eucalyptus pulplogs and other logs. We did not export any pulplogs during 2010 because substantially all of the pulplogs from our forests were used in our pulp or panel mills. During 2010, our sawmills and panel mills used 6.5 million cubic meters of sawlogs, and no sawlogs were exported. We also sold 1.9 million cubic meters of sawlogs to unaffiliated domestic sawmills during 2010.

A log merchandising facility located at the same site as our Horcones I and Horcones II sawmills optimizes, cuts and classifies wood destined for our plywood facility, sawmills or pulp mills with an annual processing capacity of 1.7 million cubic meters of logs per year. The Nueva Aldea Complex also includes a log merchandising facility, with an annual processing capacity of 2.6 million cubic meters of logs per year.

Pulp

We believe that we were Chile’s largest producer of bleached and unbleached softwood market pulp in terms of production in 2010. For the year ended December 31, 2010, pulp sales were U.S.$1,790 million, representing 47.2% of our total sales revenue for the period.

Pulp obtained from wood fibers is used in the manufacture of printing and writing paper, hygienic and sanitary paper, board and packaging. Whether a specific kind of pulp is suitable for a particular end use depends not only on the type of wood but also on the process used to transform the wood into pulp. Pulp made from softwoods, such as radiata pine, has long fibers and is used to provide durability and strength to paper products. Bleached pulp is used primarily for printing and writing papers and for tissue. Unbleached pulp is used primarily for linerboard (a packaging material). Pulp made from hardwoods, such as eucalyptus, has short fibers and is used in combination with long fiber in manufacturing paper products.

We use a chemical process, known as the kraft process, in our pulp mills in Chile and Argentina. The raw wood is in the form of pulplogs and chips, which are combined in the production process to produce pulp. The pulplogs are first debarked and chipped. The chips are then screened, mixed and cooked with chemicals to separate the bulk of the lignin from the wood fibers. After the material is screened and washed, it is then passed to high-density tanks. For bleached pulp, the next step is a five-stage bleaching process using chemicals, primarily chlorine dioxide. At all of our pulp mills, the bleaching process is preceded by an oxygen delignification stage. Then, the fibers are subjected to a final stage where the sheets are formed and subsequently dried and baled for transport to customers. The lignin and bark produced during this process is used to fuel the boilers that produce steam, providing heat and generating electricity for the mill. Our bleached pulp is bleached to a 90+ brightness level, as measured by the ISO test procedure, which is one of the industry’s measurement methods.

Pulp Mills

At December 31, 2010, we owned and operated five pulp mills in Chile and one in Argentina, with an aggregate installed annual production capacity of approximately 3.2 million metric tons. Our six pulp mills produced 1.9 million metric tons of bleached pulp and 0.4 million metric tons of unbleached pulp in 2010.

All of our pulp mills in Chile except for the Nueva Aldea Mill and the Licancel Mill are ISO 9001:2000 and ISO14001:2004 certified. The Nueva Aldea Mill and the Licancel Mill were certified ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 14001:2004 in February 2010. The Alto Paraná Mill in Argentina is certified under ISO 9001:2000 and ISO14001:2004. No seasonal factors affect plant utilization, and the pulp mills generally run at full capacity throughout the year, with eight to ten days of maintenance scheduled every 12 months.

 

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The following table sets out bleached and unbleached kraft pulp production by plant for each of the years indicated.

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2006      2007      2008      2009      2010  
     (in thousands of metric tons)  

Chile

              

Arauco Mill (bleached)

              

Arauco I

     295         279         281         286         231   

Arauco II

     494         475         507         505         84   

Valdivia Mill (bleached)

     440         436         488         540         493   

Constitución Mill (unbleached)

     338         331         320         333         252   

Nueva Aldea Mill (bleached)

     123         715         842         900         780   

Nueva Aldea Mill (unbleached)

                 9   
                                            

Licancel Mill (bleached)(1)

     141         53         118         51         28   
                                            

Licancel Mill (unbleached)(2)

     —           —           —           75         84   
                                            

Subtotal

     1,831         2,289         2,555         2,690         1,962   
                                            

Argentina

              

Alto Paraná Mill (bleached)

     348         336         343         310         329   

Total

     2,179         2,625         2,898         3,000         2,291   
                                            

 

(1) 

Operations at the Licancel Mill were temporarily suspended for approximately six months from June 2007 until January 2008.

(2) 

During 2009, the Licancel Mill produced unbleached pulp for a three-month period. During 2010, the Licancel Mill produced unbleached pulp for a nine–month period.

Chile

Arauco I. Arauco I, which was completed in 1972, is located at the Arauco Mill in the heart of a group of our radiata pine plantations in the Eighth Region of Chile. Arauco I produces elementary chlorine-free pulp, which does not use chlorine gas. Elementary chlorine-free pulp is also produced by a significant portion of our competitors in each of the world’s major pulp producing regions. The installed annual production capacity of Arauco I is approximately 290,000 metric tons of eucalyptus and pine bleached kraft pulp.

Arauco II. Also located at the Arauco Mill, Arauco II was completed in 1991. Arauco II’s pulping process is fundamentally the same as that of Arauco I, but it includes technological improvements in its production process and environmental design. Arauco II is also equipped to produce elementary chlorine-free pulp. The installed annual production capacity of Arauco II is approximately 500,000 metric tons of pine bleached kraft pulp.

As a consequence of the earthquake that occurred in Chile on February 27, 2010, the operations of Arauco II were temporarily suspended until February 2, 2011, when it resumed is operations.

Constitución Mill. The Constitución Mill is located in the heart of a group of our radiata pine forests in the Seventh Region of Chile. As of December 31, 2010, the Constitución Mill was the largest unbleached softwood market pulp mill in the world, with an installed annual production capacity of approximately 355,000 metric tons. In February 2006, the COREMA of the Seventh Region of Chile approved an environmental impact study for the construction of a new pipeline for the Constitución Mill, which commenced operations in February 2007. The Constitución Mill is equipped to produce elementary chlorine-free pulp.

Licancel Mill. We acquired the Licancel Mill in September 1999. It is located in Licantén, which is 250 kilometers south of Santiago. The mill has an installed annual production capacity of approximately 140,000 metric tons of eucalyptus kraft pulp and pine bleached and unbleached kraft pulp. The Licancel Mill is equipped to produce elementary chlorine-free pulp.

 

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In June 2007, our operations at the Licancel Mill became subject to environmental scrutiny by Chilean environmental regulators and the public, which arose in connection with the death of fish in the Mataquito River, approximately 15 kilometers downstream of the mill. As a result, Chilean authorities, including the health authorities and the Superintendencia de Servicios Sanitarios (Sanitary Services Superintendency), required that we suspend activities at the Licancel Mill and that we suspend any further discharges into the river. We estimate that the suspension of operations at the Licancel Mill resulted in a total loss of profits of U.S.$24 million. Several proceedings have been commenced regarding the events at the Licancel Mill and the death of fish at the Mataquito River. The mill resumed operations during January 2008. For further details in respect of the proceedings related to the 2007 suspension of operations at the Licancel Mill, see “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.”

In 2007, we invested U.S.$8 million in a new effluent treatment system for the Licancel Mill. However, we can offer no assurance that the Licancel Mill will be able to operate without further interruptions. Any future suspension of operations at the Licancel Mill may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. See “Item 3. Environmental concerns led us to suspend our operations at the Licancel Mill, which adversely affected our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows” and “Item 8. Financial Information- Legal Proceedings.”

Valdivia Mill. We completed construction of the Valdivia Mill during the first quarter of 2004 and commenced operations in February 2004. The Valdivia Mill is located in Fourteenth Region of Chile (which was previously part of the Tenth Region of Chile), an area with significant radiata pine and eucalyptus plantations. The Valdivia Mill has an installed potential annual production capacity of approximately 550,000 metric tons of bleached pulp, consisting of softwood pulp and eucalyptus pulp. The Valdivia Mill is equipped to produce elementary chlorine-free pulp.

The Valdivia Mill has been subject to legal and administrative proceedings by the Chilean environmental regulators. Primarily, it has been alleged that the Valdivia Mill’s operations impacted the nearby Carlos Anwandter Nature Sanctuary and contributed to the migration and death of black-neck swans in an area downstream from the mill on the Cruces River. For a discussion of the administrative and litigation proceedings in which we have been involved as a result of our operations at the Valdivia Mill, see “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.”

On June 16, 2009, we submitted to the COREMA a request to increase our production at the Valdivia Mill by 20% from 550,000 metric tons to 660,000 metric tons per year, which request was rejected on July 20, 2009. Consequently, on May 28, 2010, we presented an environmental impact declaration to the COREMA pursuant to which we repeated our request to increase the production of the Valdivia Mill from 550,000 metric tons to 660,000 metric tons per year. As of the date of this annual report, this environmental impact declaration remains under the review of the COREMA.

Nueva Aldea Mill. Located in the Eighth Region of Chile, this mill was completed in 2006 and currently has a production capacity of 1,027,000 metric tons per year, half of which is for the production of pine bleached kraft pulp and the other half of which is for the production of eucalyptus bleached kraft pulp. The Nueva Aldea Mill is equipped to produce elementary chlorine-free pulp.

On February 20, 2006, the COREMA of the Eighth Region of Chile approved the environmental impact study for the construction and operation of the Nueva Aldea Mill Pipeline, which permits the mill to discharge certain liquid effluents into the ocean. The Nueva Aldea Mill pipeline’s startup and commissioning period (of 6 months) commenced in the first quarter of 2010. However, as result of damages to the pipeline caused by the earthquake that occurred in Chile on February 27, 2010, we needed to temporarily suspend our use of the pipeline and discharge the effluents of the Nueva Aldea Mill in the same place in which the mill’s wastewaters were discharged prior to our use of the pipeline. On July 31, 2010, our repairs to the damaged pipeline were completed and the startup and commissioning period was restarted. Since January 31, 2011, the pipeline has been fully operational.

On February 9, 2009, COREMA approved our request to increase the Nueva Aldea Mill’s production to 20% above the previously authorized level, which was 856,000 metric tons per year. The COREMA determined

 

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that it was not necessary for us to present an environmental impact study in connection with our request for increased production. As a result, our total annual authorized production capacity has been increased to 1,030,000 metric tons. Furthermore, on October 7, 2009 we presented an environmental impact declaration requesting an additional increase in the production capacity of the Nueva Aldea Mill from 1,030,000 metric tons to 1,200,000 metric tons per year. The COREMA approved this request on February 4, 2010. As of the date of this annual report, plans to carry out this increase in production capacity are underway.

Argentina

Alto Paraná Mill. Alto Paraná’s softwood pulp mill is located in the Province of Misiones, a region whose soil and climate are favorable for the rapid growth of pine trees. The Alto Paraná Mill is the only bleached softwood kraft market pulp facility in Argentina. The mill has an installed annual production capacity of 350,000 tons of pulp, of which approximately 67% is bleached softwood pulp, currently representing almost all of the total bleached softwood pulp production capacity in Argentina, and 33% is fluff pulp.

Production Costs

Based on information published by Resource Information Systems, Inc., our cash costs for softwood pulp production are significantly lower than the average costs of market pulp producers in Canada, the United States and Scandinavia, particularly with respect to timber and energy costs. While our modern facilities result in depreciation exceeding some of such Northern Hemisphere producers, our costs are still significantly lower than the average costs of our Northern Hemisphere competitors, on a total delivered cost basis. The following table compares our costs for the production of bleached softwood kraft market pulp to the average costs of market pulp producers in selected regions in the Northern Hemisphere for the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

     Bleached Softwood Kraft Pulp Producers’ Cost  
  

 

Arauco(1)

  

    
 

 

British
Columbia

Coast

  
  

  

    
 

 

British
Columbia

Interior

  
  

  

    
 

 

United
States

South

  
  

  

  

 

Sweden

  

  

 

Finland

  

                 
     (in U.S.$ per metric ton for the year ended December 31, 2010)  

Wood

     172         263         193         172         283         295   

Total chemicals

     64         74         80         74         60         63   

Labor

     48         79         73         41         45         51   

Others(2)

     86         209         178         139         88         67   
                                                     

Total cash cost

     369         625         524         426         476         476   

Depreciation

     37         58         35         65         67         88   
                                                     

Total mill cost

     406         683         559         491         543         564   

Transportation(3)

     83         67         104         65         34         41   
                                                     

Total delivered cost

     488         750         663         556         577         605   
                                                     

 

(1) 

Excludes Alto Paraná production costs.

(2) 

Includes energy, materials and other production costs.

(3) 

Delivered in Northern Europe.

Source: Resource Information Systems, Inc. World Pulp Annual Historical Data, December 2010, except Arauco information, which is furnished by Arauco.

Sales

The total production of bleached kraft market pulp in the global market during the year ended December 31, 2010 was 52.6 million metric tons. Based on information published by Resource Information Systems, Inc., we believe that our production represented 5.5% of this market in 2010. During the year ended December 31, 2010, we sold 93.9% of our bleached pulp in our export markets, principally to customers in Asia and Western Europe.

Integrated manufacturers dominate the world production of unbleached softwood pulp, which leaves non-integrated companies that sell market pulp, like us, with only a small percentage of total production. “Market pulp”

 

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is pulp sold to manufacturers of paper products, as opposed to pulp produced by an integrated paper producer for use in its paper production facilities. With a total world production of unbleached softwood kraft pulp of 2.1 million metric tons for 2010, according to Resource Information Systems, Inc., our Constitución Mill was the world’s largest single producer of unbleached softwood market pulp, with 16.9% of the total market in 2010. During the year ended December 31, 2010, 87.7% of our total unbleached market pulp sales consisted of export sales. While for the last five years Asia has been our principal export market for unbleached market pulp, we continually seek niche markets for our products in Western Europe and the United States. Historically, our sales in the Chilean market have been less than 10.6% of our total unbleached pulp sales revenue.

The following table sets forth, by region, the sales volumes of bleached and unbleached pulp for the years indicated.

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2008      2009      2010  
     (in metric tons)  

Bleached Pulp

        

North and South America

     364,231         333,781         349,058   

Europe

     671,062         484,406         456,922   

Asia

     1,335,029         1,865,318         1,169,398   

Other

     40,467         23,962         23,496   
                          

Total

     2,410,789         2,707,467         1,998,874   
                          

Unbleached Pulp

        

North and South America

     56,673         51,012         67,858   

Europe

     25,590         13,931         13,441   

Asia

     225,542         344,941         263,145   

Other

     0         0         0   
                          

Total

     307,805         409,884         344,444   
                          

While there are many grades and varieties, pulp is a commodity that is marketed primarily on the basis of price and service. In marketing our pulp, we seek to establish long-term relationships with non-integrated end users of pulp by providing a competitively priced, high-quality, consistent product and excellent service. The consistency of our pulp derives from our high-quality mills and our use of a single species of tree, in contrast to pulp producers in some of the world’s major softwood pulp producing regions that mix different species, depending on availability and seasonality. Our bleached pulp is marketed under the brand names “Arauco” and “Alto Paraná,” and our unbleached pulp is marketed under the brand name “Celco.”

Prices for bleached softwood kraft market pulp produced from radiata pine generally fluctuate depending on prevailing world prices, which historically have been cyclical. The fluctuations generally depend on worldwide demand, world production capacity, business strategies adopted by major forestry, pulp and paper producers and the availability of substitutes. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions, Results of Operations and Cash Flows—Overview” and “—Prices.”

 

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The following table sets forth our average bleached and unbleached pine pulp prices per metric ton at the indicated dates, for the years indicated.

 

     2008      2009      2010  
     (U.S.$ per metric ton)  

Bleached Pulp

        

March 31

     727         446         724   

June 30

     738         486         840   

September 30

     675         556         782   

December 31

     472         637         767   

Unbleached Pulp

        

March 31

     572         392         678   

June 30

     577         416         775   

September 30

     551         552         735   

December 31

     452         598         748   

In accordance with customary pulp market practice, we do not have long-term sales contracts with our customers (except for in a few limited cases); rather we maintain long-standing relationships with our customers with whom we periodically reach agreements on specific volumes and prices. We have a diversified customer base located throughout the world and totaling, as of December 31, 2010, more than 460 clients. As of December 31, 2010, we employed more than 13 sales agents to represent us in more than 40 countries. We manage this worldwide sales network from our headquarters in Chile.

Plywood and Fiberboard Panels

Our panel products consist of plywood and fiberboard panels. At December 31, 2010, we owned two plywood mills and one HB-MDF mill in Chile, one MDF mill and one PBO mill in Argentina, and one MDF mill, one PBO mill and one MDF-PBO mill in Brazil. For the year ended December 31, 2010, sales of panels were U.S.$1,109.0 million, representing 29.3% of our total sales revenues.

Exports, which include sales to countries other than Chile, Argentina and Brazil, accounted for 43.7% of our total sales revenues of plywood and fiberboard panels for the year ended December 31, 2010. We sell plywood and fiberboard panels primarily to customers in North America, Europe, Brazil, Chile, Argentina and other countries in Latin America.

On March 9, 2005, we acquired from Louis Dreyfus S.A.S. 100% of the stock of LD Forest Products S.A. in Brazil and, indirectly as a result of that purchase, 100% of the stock of Placas do Paraná S.A. and 50% of the stock of Dynea Brasil S.A. We paid an aggregate purchase price for these acquisitions of U.S.$168.0 million. With these acquisitions, we acquired an MDF mill with installed annual production capacity of approximately 250,000 cubic meters, a particleboard mill with installed annual production capacity of approximately 320,000 cubic meters, an impregnated paper mill and a formaldehyde and resin plant.

On October 31, 2005, we acquired from Louis Dreyfus S.A.S. 100% of the stock of Ecoboard S.A.I.F. and Louis Dreyfus S.A.I.F. in Argentina and, indirectly as a result of that purchase, 100% of the stock of CAIF S.A. and LD Manufacturing S.A. and 60% of the stock of Flooring S.A. As a result of these acquisitions, we own a particleboard mill with installed annual production capacity of approximately 260,000 cubic meters, a chemical plant that produces resins used for the production of wood panels, and an MDF and particleboard-based wood floor mill with installed annual production capacity of approximately two million square meters. We paid an aggregate purchase price of U.S.$55.0 million for this acquisition. As discussed in “Item 4. Description of Business—History”, we have expanded our panel production capacity in Brazil. On August 26, 2009, we acquired Tafisa Brasil. Tafisa Brasil’s primary asset is a panel production facility, located in Pien, Brazil, which produces both MDF and particleboard and has an annual total installed capacity of 640,000 cubic meters.

 

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The following table sets forth, by category, our plywood and fiberboard panel sales to unaffiliated third parties for each of the years indicated.

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2006      2007      2008      2009      2010  
     (in thousands of cubic meters)  

Total plywood and fiberboard panels

     2,397         2,455         2,353         2,630         3,032   

Chile

Trupán-Cholguán Mill. This mill has an installed annual production capacity of approximately 575,000 cubic meters of panels. It has three production lines, one produces hardboard with a capacity of 60,000 cubic meters and the other two lines produce MDF with a production capacity of 165.000 and 350.000 cubic meters, respectively.

Arauco Mill. This mill has an installed annual production capacity of approximately 350,000 cubic meters of plywood panels. It has two production lines with respective production capacities of 140,000 and 210,000 cubic meters.

Nueva Aldea Mill. This mill has an installed annual production capacity of approximately 450,000 cubic meters of plywood panels distributed between two lines, each with a production capacity of 225,000 cubic meters.

Argentina

Piray Mill. This mill has an installed annual production capacity of approximately 300,000 cubic meters of panels and produces MDF.

Zárate Mill. This mill has an installed annual production capacity of approximately 260,000 cubic meters of panels and produces PBO.

Brazil

Jaguariaiva Mill. This mill has an installed annual production capacity of approximately 315,000 cubic meters of panels and produces MDF. In April 2011, a project to expand the Jaguariaiva Plant was approved. This project will include the construction of a productive line that will manufacture panels and MDF boards with an estimated installed capacity of 500,000 cubic meters of finished product per year, as well as the construction of a decorative paper impregnation line and melamine press.

Curitiba Mill. This mill has an installed annual production capacity of approximately 260,000 cubic meters of panels and produces PBO.

Pien Mill. This mill has an installed annual production capacity of approximately 670,000 cubic meters of panels distributed in two production lines with a production capacity of 400,000 cubic meters of MDF and 270,000 cubic meters of PBO.

Wood Products

Our wood products consist of sawn timber (green, kiln-dried lumber and flitches) and remanufactured wood products. For the year ended December 31, 2010, revenue from sales of wood products was U.S.$620.8 million, representing 16.4% of our total sales revenues for the period.

 

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The following table sets forth, by category, our wood products sales to unaffiliated third parties for each of the periods indicated:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2006      2007      2008      2009      2010  
     (in thousands of cubic meters)  

Sawn timber

     2,512         2,650         2,522         1,952         2,098   

Remanufactured wood products

     430         389         348         279         316   

Aserraderos Arauco S.A. was established in 1993 to centralize management and control production in our sawmill and remanufacturing operations. Our sawmills and remanufacturing facilities in Chile are currently operated by independent contractors that are paid sawing service fees calculated on a fixed and variable basis depending on productivity, with price renegotiations in the event of material changes in costs or productivity. Each of our 12 independent contractors operates exclusively for us and only with respect to one sawmill or remanufacturing facility. We believe that our arrangements with independent contractors provide us with greater flexibility and efficiency than performing such activities on our own. We operate our sawmill and remanufacturing facilities in Argentina.

As of December 31, 2010, we had nine sawmills in operation, eight in Chile and one in Argentina, with aggregate installed annual processing capacity of approximately 5.3 million cubic meters of sawlogs and an aggregate installed annual production capacity of approximately 2.8 million cubic meters of lumber. Contractors that are not related to us or to each other operate our eight sawmills in Chile. We operate our sawmills in coordination with our forestry and sales operations, since our sawn timber is generally produced in accordance with customer specifications. All of our sawmills are located near our pine plantations.

As of December 31, 2010, we also own five remanufacturing facilities, four in Chile and one in Argentina, that reprocess sawn timber into remanufactured wood products, such as moldings, jams and pre-cut pieces that end users require for doors, furniture and door and window frames. These facilities produced 463,000 cubic meters of remanufactured wood products in 2010.

During 2008, the decrease in demand of sawn timber products, due primarily to the credit crisis and the continued downturn in the real estate market in the United States, resulted in our decision to close the following facilities (indicating the date of closure and the annual lumber production capacity of each facility):

 

   

the Arapoti sawmill (closed on March 31, 2008 with an annual production capacity of 250,000 cubic meters),

 

   

the Lomas Coloradas sawmill (closed on August 9, 2008 with an annual production capacity of 250,000 cubic meters),

 

   

the Coronel sawmill (closed on November 17, 2008 with an annual production capacity of 150,000 cubic meters), and

 

   

the Coelemu sawmill (closed on December 30, 2008 with an annual production capacity of 80,000 cubic meters).

In November 2009 production at the Horcones II sawmill was suspended. However, due to favorable market conditions and in order to restore jobs in a region that was seriously affected by the earthquake, Horcones II sawmill resumed operations June 2010 with an annual production capacity of 225,000 cubic meters.

 

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The following is a brief description of our sawmills and remanufacturing facilities and their production capacity, as of December 31, 2010.

Chile

Cholguán Sawmill and Remanufacturing Facilities 1 and 2. This sawmill was acquired in March 2000 and has installed annual production capacity of approximately 330,000 cubic meters of lumber, as well as drying kiln facilities and two remanufacturing facilities with installed annual production capacity of approximately 70,000 cubic meters of remanufactured wood products. The Cholguán sawmill also has a special facility for making laminating beams with installed annual production capacity of approximately 11,200 cubic meters and drying facilities with installed annual production capacity of approximately 252,000 cubic meters.

Colorado Sawmill. This sawmill has installed annual production capacity of approximately 320,000 cubic meters of lumber and produces “green” sawn timber (or sawn timber that is not kiln dried) for the Chilean, Japanese and Middle Eastern markets. It also has drying facilities with installed annual production capacity of approximately 181,000 cubic meters.

El Cruce Sawmill. This sawmill has installed annual production capacity of approximately 85,000 cubic meters of lumber.

Horcones I Sawmill and Remanufacturing Facility. This sawmill has installed annual production capacity of approximately 360,000 cubic meters of lumber. It also has drying kilns with installed annual production capacity of approximately 412,000 cubic meters and a remanufacturing facility with installed annual production capacity of approximately 136,000 cubic meters of remanufactured wood products.

Horcones II Sawmill (reopened in 2010). This sawmill was closed in November 2009 due to unfavorable market conditions, however it resumed operations in June 2010 with an annual production capacity of approximately 225,000 cubic meters of lumber.

Nueva Aldea Sawmill. This sawmill has installed annual production capacity of approximately 430,000 cubic meters of sawn timber. It is also equipped with drying kilns with installed annual production capacity of approximately 355,000 cubic meters.

Valdivia Sawmill and Remanufacturing Facility. This sawmill has installed annual production capacity of approximately 340,000 cubic meters of lumber. It also has drying facilities with installed annual production capacity of approximately 345,000 cubic meters and a remanufacturing facility with installed annual production capacity of approximately 72,000 cubic meters of remanufactured wood products.

Viñales Sawmill and Remanufacturing Facility. This sawmill has installed annual production capacity of approximately 360,000 cubic meters of lumber. It is also equipped with drying kilns with installed annual production capacity of approximately 231,000 cubic meters and a remanufacturing facility with installed annual production capacity of approximately 120,000 cubic meters of remanufactured wood products.

Mutrún Sawmill (closed in 2010). This sawmill had installed annual production capacity of approximately 130,000 cubic meters of lumber. It was equipped with drying kilns with installed annual production capacity of approximately 90,000 cubic meters. In February 2010, the Mutrún Sawmill was destroyed by the earthquake and tsunami in Chile and will not be reopened.

Argentina

Bossetti Sawmill (closed in 2010). Alto Paraná S.A. acquired this sawmill in 2004 as part of its purchase of the forestry assets of Pecom Energía S.A. in Argentina. This mill had installed annual production capacity of approximately 150,000 cubic meters of lumber. It also had drying facilities with installed annual production capacity of approximately 180,000 cubic meters. In December 2010, the Bossetti Sawmill was closed due to unfavorable market conditions.

 

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Piray Sawmill and Remanufacturing Facility. This sawmill, previously known as the Misiones Sawmill, was completed in 2000. It has installed annual production capacity of approximately 320,000 cubic meters of lumber. It is also equipped with drying kilns with installed annual production capacity of approximately 320,000 cubic meters and a remanufacturing facility with installed annual production capacity of approximately 65,000 cubic meters of remanufactured wood products.

Forestry Products

Our forestry products are sawlogs, pulplogs, posts and chips. As a result of our forest management policies and the increasing maturity of our plantations, our plantations are yielding increasing volumes of forestry products, particularly clear wood. As the volume of clear wood has grown, we have broadened our range of forestry products. For the year ended December 31, 2010, sales of forestry products were U.S.$150.2 million, representing 4.0% of our sales revenues for such year.

The following table sets forth, by category, forestry product sales to unaffiliated third parties for each of the years indicated.

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2006      2007      2008      2009      2010  
     (in thousands of cubic meters)  

Sawlogs

     1,474         1,562         1,745         1,117         1,802   

Pulplogs

     239         149         457         309         612   

Posts

     34         4         15         19         24   

Chips

     178         150         96         293         501   

Sustainable Development

As of December 31, 2010, we had registered four electricity co-generation power plants as projects of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) within the Kyoto Protocol. Three of them were registered during 2006—Trupán, Nueva Aldea (first phase) and Nueva Aldea (second phase)—and a fourth one was registered in 2009, the Valdivia biomass power plant. Each of these power plants generate electricity through forestry biomass (meaning forestry and wood industrial sub-products, including the woodpulp by-product called “black liquor”), which is a renewable resource, and replace fossil fuel energy from the electricity grid.

In connection with the CDM in 2007, we sold 482,129 Certified Emission Reductions (CERs or “carbon credits”). With this issuance, we became the first Chilean forestry company to issue CERs through the CDM of the Kyoto Protocol. The following table presents the total amount of CERs sold by Arauco for each of the years indicated.

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2008      2009      2010  

CERs sold

     255,592         333,067         0   

During the second half of 2010, we began operations at the Horcones complex of a new biomass co-generation plant, which consists of a power boiler with capacity to produce 210 tons of steam per hour and a 31 Megawatt co-generating steam turbine. We expect this plant to provide 24 Megawatts of additional power to the Chilean Central Interconnected System (SIC), which distributes electrical power along the Central and Southern Regions of Chile. This biomass plant was registered as a CDM project during early 2011.

In early 2010, we began construction of the Viñales biomass power plant, which is located alongside the Viñales sawmill in the Seventh Region of Chile. The new plant will include a biomass-fueled power boiler with capacity to produce 210 tons of steam per hour and a 40 Megawatt steam turbine. We expect to complete construction and begin operations by the beginning of 2012.

 

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In January 2009, we announced plans to complete a Carbon Footprint Assessment (CFA) in order to determine the amount of carbon dioxide stored in our wood products and, to calculate the carbon dioxide emissions resulting from our plantation business. The results of the assessment were obtained in July 2009.

Competition

We experience substantial worldwide competition in each of our geographical markets and in each of our product lines.

Pulp

In general, our competitors in the pulp market vary depending on the geographical region and variety of pulp involved. CMPC Celulosa S.A. and Fibria Cellulose S.A. are our main competitors in most geographical regions. While Fibria produces hardwood pulp only, CMPC produces both softwood and hardwood pulp. In Asia, we also face competition from Canadian, Brazilian, Russian and Indonesian producers. In Europe, we also face competition from Brazilian, Scandinavian and American producers. Our main competitors with respect to unbleached softwood pulp are from Canada and Russia.

Plywood and fiberboard panels

Arauco’s principal competitors in the plywood markets are located in the United States, Finland and Russia. In some regions, Arauco also competes with hardwood plywood produced in China, Africa and other regions of the world.

Arauco’s main competitors in the MDF market are: in Latin America, Duratex S.A., Masisa S.A. and other large South American producers; in North America, local producers such as Flakeboard Company Limited and Roseburg Forest Products Co.; in Asia, producers from Malaysia and China, and in the Middle East, European producers.

For sales of PBO, we focus on the Latin American market, where we compete with Duratex S.A., Masisa S.A., Berneck S.A. and Fibraplac S.A.

Wood Products

For remanufactured wood products, our main competitors are located in Chile, Brazil, and the United States. For sawn timber, our main competitors are located in Europe, New Zealand, Canada, and Chile. Arauco believes that its operating efficiencies, competitive logistics costs, ability to serve customers with multiple specifications, geographical presence in thirty eight countries and the versatility of its radiata and taeda pine allow it to compete effectively in the world market for wood products.

Transportation, Storage and Distribution

To remain competitive worldwide, we ship our products to various distribution centers around the world from which final delivery to the customer is made. Historically, we and other Chilean forestry products producers have coordinated our transportation requirements to achieve larger lots to fill specially designed forestry products ships and thus obtain competitive freight rates.

The following are the principal Chilean ports that we use, each of which are operational as of the date of this annual report:

 

   

Coronel. A private port located between Concepción and the Arauco Mill, which we constructed as a member of a consortium with five other companies and in which we have an equity interest of 50%. We shipped 33.9% of our aggregate export volume through this port in 2010;

 

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Lirquén. A private port in Concepción in which we have an equity interest of 20.1% and through which we shipped 35.6% of our aggregate export volume during 2010; and

 

   

San Vicente and Talcahuano. State-owned ports near the city of Concepción through which we shipped 30.5% of our aggregate export volume during 2010.

The ports we use in Chile are approximately 55 kilometers from the Arauco Mill, 330 kilometers from the Constitución Mill, 390 kilometers from the Licancel Mill, 100 kilometers from the Nueva Aldea Mill, and 410 kilometers from the Valdivia Mill. We do not own pulp storage warehouses in any of these ports.

We ship pulp to various ports in Europe, North and South America and Asia and, as is customary in the pulp industry, we store some stock in those ports. We use 11 foreign ports that have warehouse facilities available, and standard storage terms provide that we are entitled to a certain period of storage free of charge. We seek to ensure that it does not exceed the free storage period for each shipment. At December 31, 2010, we had 96,569 air dry metric tons of pulp in storage in warehouses at foreign ports.

We believe that our shipping costs are comparable to those of our international competitors, notwithstanding Chile’s greater distance from Europe, because of the proximity of our plantations and mills to the Pacific coast and the economies of scale we achieve through the volume of our exports.

In Argentina, timely and competitively priced delivery of finished products to our customers is an important factor in our ability to compete effectively, and we ship most orders either by truck or railway almost immediately after they are produced.

In Brazil, our efficient distribution system, which delivers finished products to almost two thousand customers in over 250 cities, many of which are separated by long distances, is a key component to our competitiveness.

Description of Property

Our principal properties consist of land and production plants and facilities, the majority of which are located in Chile. At December 31, 2010, we owned 1,101,963 hectares of land in Chile, over 737,939 hectares of which consist of forest plantations, and 540,384 hectares of land in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, of which 268,721 consist of forest plantations. In addition, at December 31, 2010, we owned various plants and facilities, including five pulp mills, three panel mills, eight sawmills and five remanufacturing facilities in Chile; one pulp mill, one sawmill, one MDF mill, one PBO mill and one remanufacturing facility in Argentina; and one MDF mill, one PBO mill and one MDF-PBO mill in Brazil. In Brazil, the Arapoti sawmill was closed on March 31, 2008. In Chile, the Lomas Coloradas sawmill, the Coronel sawmill and the Coelemu sawmill were closed in 2008. In 2009 Horcones II sawmill was temporarily closed, with operations restarting in June 2010. In February 2010, the Mutrún sawmill was destroyed as a result of the earthquake and will not be reopened. In December 2010, the Bossetti sawmill in Argentina was closed as a result of unfavorable market conditions.

Insurance

Consistent with industry practice, we maintain fire insurance coverage for all our Chilean forest holdings and nurseries but do not insure against pests or disease. Depending on the age of the trees affected, our insurance covers timber loss, either at replacement cost or commercial value. In Argentina we maintain fire insurance for 8,520 hectares of timber assets located in the Campana region, near Buenos Aires. For the rest of our Argentine operations we do not maintain fire insurance for our timber assets because we believe that the risk of damage from fire is low because Argentina receives significant amounts of rainfall, particularly during the summer months. We do not carry fire insurance for our forests in Brazil because the risk of damage from fire does not justify the costs of carrying insurance.

We also carry insurance, consistent with industry practice, covering our production plants, facilities and equipment. This insurance provides coverage, in the event of fire, explosion, machinery breakdown or natural

 

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disaster, which includes earthquakes and tsunamis. The insurance covers up to an amount of U.S.$650 million per loss, which includes physical damage and business interruption of up to 12 months (or 18 months in the case of a boiler explosion in our pulp mills). The deductibles for physical damage are US$ 3 million for damages caused by earthquakes, boiler explosions and machinery breakdowns and US$ 1 million for damages arising from all other contingencies. Deductibles for business interruption are 30 days for boiler explosions, 21 days for earthquakes and 15 days for interruptions caused by all other contingencies. All of our insurance policies covering our forest holdings and production plants, facilities and equipment in Chile and Argentina are carried by the RSA group, Mapfre S.A., Chartis S.A. and Ace Group.

The forestry insurance for plantations located in Chile is carried by the RSA Group and Penta Security Compañía de Seguros SA. Our insurance policies for some plantations located in Delta del Paraná, Argentina, are carried by Federación Patronal. Our MDF and particleboard mills in Brazil are insured by Itaú XL Seguros Corporativos and Allianz Seguros S.A., and these policies cover fire, explosions, electrical damage, equipment damage and loss of profit.

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

To utilize our increasing volume of forest production, we have added to, expanded and modernized our processing facilities. For the year ending December 31, 2011, we have planned capital expenditures of U.S.$803.4 million, which principally include U.S.$300.0 million in maintenance of our existing mills, U.S.$383 million in our new panel mill projects and capital contributions for the Montes del Plata project in Uruguay and U.S.$120.0 million in maintenance of biological assets.

On January 18, 2011 Arauco and Stora Enso agreed to carry out the construction of a state of the art pulp mill with an annual guaranteed capacity of 1.3 million tons, a port and a power producing unit based on renewable sources, all located in Punta Pereira, department of Colonia, Uruguay. The total estimated investment is U.S.$1,900 million. The project will be financed 40% by Montes del Plata’s shareholders (50% from our part, 50% from Stora Enso) and 60% by long-term debt financing.

For the year ended December 31, 2010, our aggregate capital expenditures were U.S.$595.5 million, consisting primarily of U.S.$483,2 million in internal projects and U.S.$112.3 million in acquisition of biological assets.

GOVERNMENT REGULATION

Environment

In each country where we have operations, we are subject to numerous national and local environmental laws, regulations, decrees and municipal ordinances concerning, among other things, health, the handling and disposal of solid and hazardous waste, discharges into the air, soil and water and other environmental impacts. Some of these laws require us to conduct environmental impact studies of future projects or activities (or major modifications thereto). Under these laws, our operations may be subject to specific approvals, consents and regulatory requirements, and emissions and discharges may be required to meet specific standards and limitations. We have made and will continue to make substantial expenditures to comply with such environmental laws, regulations, decrees and ordinances.

Chile

The Chilean legislation to which we are subject includes the Chilean Environmental Law (Ley Sobre Bases Generales del Medio Ambiente) and related regulations. The Chilean Environmental Law created the National Environmental Commission (Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente), or CONAMA, which includes under its organization the various Regional Environmental Commissions (the COREMAs). As discussed below, these institutions were replaced in 2010 by the Ministry of Environment, the Service of Environmental Evaluation and the Evaluation Commissions (Comisiones de Evaluación) and a new Superintendency of Environment.

 

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The Ministry of the Environment is under the direct supervision of the President of Chile and it is responsible for, among other things, creating and/or proposing environmental public policies and environmental regulations. The Service of Environmental Evaluation and the Evaluation Commissions administer the Environmental Impact Evaluation System (“SEIA”) and evaluate environmental impact studies or declarations of environmental impact. Under the Chilean Environmental Law, we are required to conduct environmental impact studies or declarations of environmental impact of any future projects or activities (or their significant modifications) that may affect the environment. These and other regulations also establish procedures for private citizens to object to the plans or studies submitted by project owners.

The Evaluation Commissions and other governmental agencies may also participate in the oversight of the implementation of projects in accordance with their environmental impact studies or declarations of environmental impact. Under the Chilean Environmental Law and other regulations, affected private citizens, public agencies and local authorities can sue to enforce environmental compliance. Enforcement remedies include temporary or permanent closure of facilities and fines. The application of these environmental laws and remedies may adversely affect the manner in which we seek to implement our business strategy and our ability to realize our strategy.

On January 26, 2010, Law No. 20,417 was published in the Official Gazette. This new law replaced the former CONAMA and COREMA with a new set of public institutions: the Ministry of the Environment (aimed at developing national environmental policy), the Service of Environmental Evaluation (in charge of administering the environmental assessment system) and the Superintendency of Environment (in charge of supervising and auditing environmental compliance). While the Ministry of the Environment and the Service of Environmental Evaluation and the Evaluation Commissions have been operating since October 1, 2010, the authority to begin operations at the Superintendency of Environment is still pending the passage of certain legislation by the Chilean Congress. As a result, the supervision and auditing of Chile’s environmental laws is currently the responsibility of the Evaluation Commissions and some other public authorities. Although certain provisions of the Law N°20,417 are already in force, including minor procedural modifications to the SEIA, others are still subject to the publication of an administrative decree by the President of Chile. This decree is expected to be published and to become effective during 2011.

We recently faced, and continue to face, certain environmental proceedings in connection with certain of our pulp mills. For a description of these proceedings, see “Item 8. Financial Information Litigation Proceedings.”

Argentina

Our operations in Argentina are subject to Argentine environmental legislation, including regulation by municipal, provincial and federal governmental authorities.

Argentine environmental legislation includes the requirement that water used or recovered in the production process be treated and purified before being returned to the Paraná River at the proper temperature. All gaseous emissions must be scrubbed to ensure satisfactory levels of waste particle recovery and odor removal. Regular testing of river and air quality is used to monitor the ultimate impact of the mill on the environment.

We believe that we are currently in material compliance with all applicable local and national environmental regulations governing our operations in Argentina.

 

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Brazil

Our Brazilian operations are subject to environmental legislation, including municipal, regional and federal governmental laws, regulations and licensing requirements. Law No. 6,938 establishes strict liability for environmental damage, mechanisms for enforcement of environmental standards and licensing requirements for activities that are damaging or potentially damaging to the environment. A violation of environmental laws and regulations may result in:

 

   

fines,

 

   

partial or total suspension of activities,

 

   

forfeiture or restriction of tax incentives or benefits, or

 

   

forfeiture or suspension of participation in credit lines with official credit establishments.

As a result, we may become liable for environmental damages caused by management of our materials, including damages caused during the transportation, treatment and disposal of our industrial waste, even where third parties manage such activities on our behalf.

Law No. 9,605 provides that individuals or entities whose conduct or activities cause harm to the environment are subject to criminal and administrative sanctions and are liable for any costs to repair the damages resulting from such harm. For individuals who commit environmental crimes, criminal sanctions range from fines to imprisonment; for legal entities, criminal sanctions may include fines, partial or total suspension of activities, restrictions on participation in government contracts and, in cases of bad faith, dissolution. In addition, Law No. 9,605 also establishes that the corporate structure of a company may be disregarded if the structure impedes the recovery for harm caused to the environment. We are not aware of any successful assertion of claims against shareholders under this provision of Law No. 9,605.

We believe we are currently in material compliance with all applicable local and national environmental regulations governing our operations in Brazil.

Forestry Regulation

Chile

The management and exploitation of forests in Chile is regulated by the Forests Law of 1931, as amended, and Decree-Law No. 701 of 1974, as amended. The Forests Law and Decree-Law No. 701 impose a variety of restrictions on the management and exploitation of forests. Forestry activities, including thinning, on land that is designated as preferably suited for forests or that has natural or planted forests, are subject to management plans that require the approval of the CONAF (National Forest Service). In addition, the Forests Law and Decree-Law No. 701 impose certain standards for the prevention of forest fires, as well as fines for the harvesting or destruction of trees and shrubs in violation of the terms of a forest management plan. We believe that we are in material compliance with the Forests Law and Decree-Law No. 701.

Law No. 20,283, published in the Official Gazette on July 30, 2008, provides a new policy for the management and conservation of native tree forests and forest development. Its purposes are the protection, recovery and improvement of native forests in order to guarantee both forest sustainability and environmental policy. This law establishes a fund for the conservation and sustainable management of native forests. According to the new law, owners of native forests are able to exploit them so long as they have a “management plan” approved by the National Forestry Corporation. Depending on the owner’s approved plan, as well as other factors, the subsidy provided by the fund may vary between U.S.$200 and U.S.$400 per hectare. The law also prohibits the harvesting of native trees in certain areas and under certain conditions. Management believes that this law will not have a material effect on our business. In compliance with applicable regulations, we have adopted environmentally sensitive policies towards our holdings of native forests, which are protected and preserved in their entirety.

 

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Our products come from established plantations only; we do not sell any products derived from our native forests. Arauco’s forestry operations adhere to our international control systems, which are all in accordance with current legislative and environmental sustainability standards. Certain of our subsidiaries have received various environmental certifications as of the date of this annual report. See Item 4. “Description of Business—Forestry Activity.”

All of our forest activities are ISO 14001 certified since 2001. During 2003, we obtained CERTFOR Forest Management Certification in Chile. In 2004, PEFC (the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification) undertook its first audit of our operations and confirmed that we complied with international PEFC requirements. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Description of Business—Forestry Activity.”

In 2005, CERTFOR certified the chain of custody of the Arauco, Constitución, Licancel and Valdivia pulp mills and Arauco and Nueva Aldea plywood mills, pursuant to the Sustainable Forestry Management practices, which require that sources used for production are not endangered or that their use is not otherwise prohibited. The National Regulatory Institute (Instituto Nacional de Normalización) also accredited the effluent laboratories of the Constitución and Arauco wood mills in accordance with the strict requirements of Chilean environmental standards.

In 2009, Arauco began the pre-assessment process for FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) forest management certification. This pre-evaluation allowed us to identify the Company’s position regarding FSC principles and criteria, allowing it to better prepare for the FSC’s official assessment. This pre-assessment process covered all of Arauco’s forest operations in Chile and was conducted by Woodmark, a Soil Association certification body.

Argentina

The management and exploitation of forests in Argentina is regulated by National Law 13,273, National Law 25,080, and National Law 26,432, National Decree 710, Provincial Law No. 854, Provincial Law No. 3,426 and other regulations promulgated thereunder, which collectively constitute the regulatory framework. The regulatory framework imposes a variety of restrictions on the management and exploitation of forests in Argentina. The regulatory framework regulates the replanting of land after harvesting. We believe that our Argentine operations are in material compliance with the regulatory framework.

Brazil

Environmental laws and regulations relating to the management and exploitation of forests and the protection of Brazilian plant and wildlife govern our Brazilian forestry operations. Under this regulatory framework Brazilian authorities establish forest preservation areas and regulate replanting of forests after harvesting. We believe that our Brazilian operations are in material compliance with the regulatory framework.

 

Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL

CONDITION, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND CASH FLOWS

The following discussion is based on and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this annual report. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in U.S. dollars in accordance with IFRS.

Overview

We derive our sales revenue from the sale of bleached and unbleached pulp, plywood and fiberboard panels, wood products such as sawn timber and remanufactured wood products, and forestry products such as sawlogs and pulplogs. Export sales constituted 76.2% of our total sales revenue for the year ended December 31, 2009, and 69.9% of our total sales revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010. Sales of pulp

 

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constitute the single largest component of our sales revenue. As with many commodities, pulp is subject to significant cyclical price fluctuations determined by global supply and demand. Accordingly, our sales revenue is subject to cyclical fluctuations. World prices for plywood and fiberboard panels, wood products and forestry products, which are generally viewed as commodities, also fluctuate significantly.

Although prices tend to have the most significant effect on our results of operations, sales volume and product mix, production costs and exchange rate fluctuations also can have a substantial impact on our results.

Our business, results of operations and cash flows depend, to a large extent, on the level of economic activity, on government and foreign exchange policies and on political and economic developments in our principal export markets. In 2010, we exported our products to Asia, to North, Central and South America, to Europe and, to a lesser extent, to Africa and the Middle East. In 2009 and 2010 94.9% and 93.0%, respectively, of our total pulp sales were attributable to exports, and 60.5% and 52.4%, respectively, of our total panels, wood products and forestry product sales were attributable to exports. Our business, earnings and prospects may be materially and adversely affected by developments in these export markets with respect to inflation, interest rates, currency fluctuations, protectionism, government subsidies, price and wage controls, exchange control regulations, taxation, expropriation or social instability, as well as by political, economic or diplomatic developments.

At December 31, 2010, 75.4% of our property, plant, equipment and forest assets were located in Chile, 10.8% were located in Argentina and 13.8% were located in Brazil. In 2010, 73.8% of our consolidated sales revenue was derived from our operations in Chile, 14.6% of our consolidated sales revenue was derived from our operations in Argentina, and 11.6% of our consolidated sales revenue was derived from our operations in Brazil. Accordingly, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows depend, to a significant degree, upon economic conditions in Chile, Argentina and Brazil.

Despite growth in the 1980s and 1990s, the Chilean economy has remained smaller than that of certain other Latin American countries. In 2004, GDP growth was stronger than previous years, reaching 6.1% and 5.7% in 2005. The GDP grew at a slower rate in subsequent years (4.6% in 2006, 4.6% in 2007 and 3.7% in 2008). In 2009, the Chilean GDP contracted 1.5%, mainly due to the global financial crisis. See “Risk factors—Risks relating to Chile.”

From late 1998 to 2002, the Argentine economy went through an economic recession marked by reduced levels of consumption and investment and an elevated unemployment rate. Argentine GDP decreased by 0.8% in 2000, 4.0% in 2001 and 10.9% in 2002. In December 2001, amid public demonstrations and the resignation of the Argentine president, Argentina declared a suspension on payment of its foreign debt. In early 2002, the government released the Argentine peso from its one-to-one peg to the U.S. dollar and allowed the exchange rate to float, resulting in a 49.6% devaluation of the Argentine peso from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2002. From 2003 to 2008, economic indicators showed signs of recovery, and the Argentine GDP increased by 8.8% in 2003, 9.0% in 2004, 9.2% in 2005, 8.5% in 2006, 8.7% in 2007 and 6.8% in 2008. Due to the global financial crisis, Argentina’s GDP grew by only 0.9% in 2009. In 2010, Argentina’s GDP growth rose to 9.2%. The future economic, social and political developments in Argentina, over which we have no control, could impair our and Alto Paraná’s business, financial condition or results of operations. See “Risk factors—Risks relating to Argentina.”

Brazil’s GDP decreased by an estimated 0.2% in real terms in 2009, compared to a growth rate of 4.8% in 2008 and 5.4% in 2007. This decrease is mainly explained by the financial crisis. Brazilian GDP decreased 0.5% in 2003, mainly due to uncertainty arising from the presidential election held that year and the new economic policies to be implemented by the newly elected government of President Luis Ignacio Lula da Silva. The Brazilian real/U.S. dollar exchange rate also experienced turbulence during that period. During 2001, the Brazilian real declined in value by 18.7% against the U.S. dollar, and in 2002, it further devalued by 52.3%, closing at R$3.533 to U.S.$1.00 on December 31, 2002. Those concerns dissipated during 2003, resulting in an appreciation of the Brazilian real by 18.2% against the U.S. dollar in that year. During 2004, the Brazilian real continued to recover against the U.S. dollar, with an 8.8% appreciation. The Brazilian real appreciated 20.7% in 2007. In 2008, the real depreciated against the dollar by 32.2% and in 2009 and 2010, the real appreciated against the dollar by 34.4% and 3.9% respectively. See “Risk factors—Risks relating to Brazil.”

 

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During the last quarter of 2008, the prices of our products decreased substantially as a result of the global financial crisis. Prices began to show a slight recovery during the second quarter of 2009. The recovery in the pulp market was confirmed during the fourth quarter of 2009 and the year 2010, during which time pulp prices grew strongly, reaching near pre-crisis levels. We expect this positive trend to continue throughout the first half of 2011, especially with respect to prices of long fiber. However, future developments in the Chilean, Argentine and Brazilian economies may impair our ability to proceed with our strategic plan or our business, financial condition or results of operations. Our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could also be materially and adversely affected by changes in political, economic, regulatory or other policies of the Chilean, Argentine and Brazilian governments, which have exercised substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector in these countries, or other political or economic developments in Chile, Argentina and Brazil, as well as regulatory changes or administrative practices of Chilean authorities, over which we have no control.

Prices

In recent years, our sales revenue has been affected by price level volatility in the export market. The prices for each of our pulp, panels, wood and forestry products depend on the markets in which they are sold. While prices are generally similar for a given product on a global basis, regionalized market conditions affect prices in markets such as Asia, Europe and the United States.

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, average unit sales prices for our products.

 

     Year ended December  31,(1)  

Product(2)

   2009      2010  
     (U.S.$ per metric ton)(3)  

Pulp

     

Bleached pulp

     517.4         771.6   

Unbleached pulp

     497.7         717.7   
     (U.S.$ per cubic meter)(3)  

Wood Products

     

Sawn timber

     154.7         221.1   

Remanufactured wood products

     687.6         476.4   

Panels

     

Plywood and fiberboard panels

     315.9         365.7   

Forestry Products

     

Sawlogs

     41.4         54.6   

Pulplogs

     33.3         24.4   

Posts

     201.6         261.2   

 

(1) 

Calculated as average unit prices for the year based on our internally collected data.

(2) 

Each category of product contains different grades and types and the shipping terms vary with the product, as well as the customer.

(3) 

We generally quote our prices in U.S. dollars for export sales and in Chilean pesos, Argentine pesos or Brazilian reals for domestic sales.

Pulp Prices

Historically, world pulp prices have been subject to significant fluctuations over relatively short periods of time. Pulp prices mainly depend on worldwide demand, world production capacity, worldwide pulp and paper inventory levels and availability of substitutes, and in general terms, are directly related to global economic growth. All of these factors are beyond our control.

Prices for bleached grades of hardwood pulp, including eucalyptus, generally follow the same cyclical pattern as prices for Norscan Bleached Softwood Kraft market pulp, or NBSK, which is the benchmark for softwood

 

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bleached pulp. However, the latter historically has had higher prices mainly due to lower global supply. Moreover, during the last five years, the majority of the added global pulp production capacity has been dedicated to the production of hardwood pulp, particularly eucalyptus pulp.

Prices for unbleached softwood market pulp also follow cyclical patterns related to worldwide demand, stock levels and supply. Unbleached softwood market pulp represents about 3.5% of the total wood pulp market. The majority of such pulp is sold in Asia, and its price does not necessarily follow the cycle of prices for NBSK or Bleached Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp (“BEKP”).

During 2010, pulp prices for all grades increased with respect to 2009, which was mainly explained by a recovery from the global financial crisis that began during the second half of 2008. This recovery brought as a consequence lower average inventory levels and higher demand for pulp, which are key drivers for price increases.

The market price for NBSK was U.S.$730.0 per ton at December 31, 2006, which represented an increase of 21.9% as compared to December 31, 2005. The price for NBSK was U.S.$869.30 at December 31, 2007, which represented an increase of 19.1% when compared to December 31, 2006. The price for NBSK was U.S.$641.51 at December 31, 2008, a 26.2% decrease as compared to December 31, 2007. The price of U.S.$798.77 per ton recorded at December 31, 2009 represented an increase of 24.5% as compared to December 31, 2008. The market price for NBSK was U.S.$948.92 per ton at December 31, 2010, an 18.8% increase when compared to December 31, 2009.

The market price for BEKP was U.S.$671.6 per ton at December 31, 2006, which represented a 14.0% increase over the price at December 31, 2005. The price for BEKP at December 31, 2007 reached U.S.$775.20, which represented a 15.4% increase over the price at December 31, 2006. At December 31, 2008, the price for BEKP was U.S.$584.54, which represented a 24.6% decrease as compared to December 31, 2007. The price for BEKP at December 31, 2009 reached U.S.$700, which represented a 19.8% increase of over the price at December 31, 2008. The market price for BEKP was U.S.$751.85 per ton at December 31, 2010, a 24.6% increase when compared to December 31, 2009.

The market price for unbleached kraftwood pulp, or UKP, reached U.S.$586.9 per ton at December 31, 2006, which represented an increase of 27.5% over the price at December 31, 2005. The price at December 31, 2007 reached U.S.$598.5, which represented a 19.8% increase over the price at December 31, 2006. The price at December 31, 2008 dropped to U.S.$455.76, which represented a decrease of 23.8% as compared to December 31, 2007. The price at December 31, 2009 was U.S.$603.65, which represented a 32.4% increase over the price at December 31, 2008. The market price for UKP was U.S.$751.85 per ton at December 31, 2010, a 24.6% increase as compared to December 31, 2009.

Forestry, Wood Product, Plywood and Fiberboard Prices

Over the last five years, the average prices for our forestry and wood products have fluctuated significantly, reflecting the effect on demand of global economic developments.

In spite of strong international growth and demand for wood products in 2005, prices in the U.S. declined during the first three quarters of 2005 due to excess inventories of panel and remanufactured wood products at distributors. This trend affected the average prices for wood products during 2005. By the end of 2005, the average prices for wood products demonstrated signs of recovery. However, the continued weakening of the construction sector in the United States caused a decrease in the price and demand for wood, particularly moldings, during 2006.

The continued weakening of the construction sector in the United States throughout 2006 caused a decrease in the price and demand for wood, especially in moldings in that market. Along with the markets in Asia, the Middle East and Central America have been strengthening and Europe registered strong demand and prices for wood throughout 2006. The prices of plywood in the United States and Canada slightly decreased during 2006, while the other markets maintained levels comparable to those for 2005. The demand for products directed at furniture markets in Latin America remained strong during the year, and sales of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) panels also experimented important improvements due to the high demand in all the markets in which Arauco participates, which are concentrated in North, Central and South America.

 

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The complications related to the United States construction and real estate markets continued throughout 2007. The construction sector has continued to be affected by a significant stock of unsold houses, which caused construction to fall 30% in the United States during 2007. This negatively affected the sales volume of wood. Prices of moldings and wood continued to decrease. From a commercial point of view, 2007 was marked by an increase in the demand in virtually all markets for panels. In Europe, consumer trends favoring products with a sustainable forestry management certification increased demand for the entire range of Arauco’s panels. In the United States, the strong contraction of the real estate sector adversely affected the sale of MDF moldings. This was offset, however, by the strong increase in the demand for MDF boards in Latin America. In the case of Arauco’s plywood panels, the demand benefited from a decrease in the supply from other manufacturers and by the highly diversified applications of these products unrelated to the construction sector.

The slowdown in the global growth markets during 2008 continued to affect the demand for timber in all markets. The construction sector continued to decline in the United States. In particular, the construction of houses declined to a rate of approximately 550,000 houses per year by December 2008, which negatively compares with the 2 million homes built in the United States during 2006. This decline negatively affected the sales volume and prices of wood and moldings, which reached their lowest levels during the last quarter of 2008. During most of 2008 there was a consistent demand for panels, which resulted in an increase in price in most of the products produced by Arauco. During the latter part of 2008, however, demand lowered, which negatively affected sales volume and prices of plywood and MDF in most markets, especially in the United States and Europe.

The fiscal year 2009 was challenging for the panels business due to low demand and a weak dollar. However, Arauco was able to sell all panels production without any plant shutdown despite the decline in demand. This was due to Arauco’s geographic diversification, with sales in over forty countries, and to Arauco’s broad product portfolio.

During 2010, average sales prices in our sawn timber segment increased when compared with 2009, mainly due to higher average sales prices of green sawn timber in the Asian market and remanufactured products in United States. Regarding our panel segment, in 2010 our sales in U.S. dollars increased in 33.5%, representing an increase of 15.3% in our average sales as compared to 2009. Average sales prices of Plywood, which was the most negatively impacted product line in terms of margin erosion during 2009, increased during 2010, especially in Latin America, Europe and United States. Average sales prices of MDF, HB and MDF moldings also increased during 2010.

Prices for our pulp, panel, forestry and wood products may decline in the future. Our results of operations may be materially adversely affected if the prices of our products were to decline from current levels.

Costs

Our major costs of sales are the following:

 

   

the cost of timber,

 

   

costs related to harvesting (forestry works),

 

   

maintenance costs,

 

   

chemical costs,

 

   

the cost of sawmill processing,

 

   

depreciation, and

 

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energy and fuel costs.

Our major administrative and selling expenses are wages and salaries, traffic, shipping and freight costs, insurance expenses and commissions.

IAS 41 requires that biological assets, such as standing trees, are shown on the balance sheet at fair value. Our forests are thus accounted for at fair value less estimated point-of sale costs at harvest, considering that the fair value of these assets can be measured reliably.

The recovery of forest plantations is based on discounted cash flow models, which means that the fair value of biological assets is calculated using cash flows from continuing operations discounted on the basis of our sustainable forest management plans and the estimated growth of our forests. This recovery is performed on the basis of each stand identified and for each type of tree species.

These discounted cash flows require estimates in growth, harvest, sales prices and costs. It is therefore important that management make appropriate estimates of future levels and trends for sales and costs, as well as administer regular surveys of the forests to establish the volumes of wood available for harvesting and their current growth rates.

Our property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the remaining useful lives of the underlying assets. However, the amount of such depreciation that relates to our fixed production assets, such as pulp mills and sawmills, is allocated to finished goods held as inventories and accumulates until charged to cost of sales when the finished goods are sold. Forests and land are not depreciated.

Selling expenses consist primarily of per ton fees we paid to our selling agents. Traffic, shipping and freight costs are the costs of carrying the product to the destination.

During 2009, cost of sales decreased by 7.7% as a result of lower sawn timber sales volume as well as lower unit costs of wood, chemicals and energy, reflecting Arauco’s stringent cost management and favorable market conditions for raw materials.

Cost of sales increased 6.8% during 2010, mainly due to higher cost of sales of our forestry operations and an increase in other raw materials and indirect costs, partially offset by lower maintenance costs.

Exchange Rate Fluctuations

The Chilean peso has been subject to devaluation in the past and could be subject to significant fluctuations in the future. During 2010, the value of the Chilean peso relative to the U.S. dollar increased 8.4% in nominal terms and 13.2% in real terms, based on the observed exchange rates on December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2010. The observed exchange rate on June 21, 2011 was Ch$472.95 to U.S.$1.00. For information regarding historical rates of exchange in Chile from January 1, 2005 see “Item 3. Key Information—Exchange Rates.”

We generally price our exports in U.S. dollars, whereas our domestic sales in Chile are priced in Chilean pesos; domestic sales in Brazil are priced in reals and domestic sales in Argentina are priced in Argentine pesos except for pulp sales, which are priced in U.S. dollars. To the extent that the Chilean peso depreciates against the U.S. dollar, our domestic sales revenues may be adversely affected when expressed in U.S. dollars. The same effects may occur for our domestic sales in Argentina and Brazil for products sold in each of the respective local currencies. The effect of exchange rate fluctuations is partially offset by the fact that certain of our operating expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars (such as our freight costs and selling expenses in the form of commissions paid to our sales agents abroad) and a significant part of our indebtedness is denominated in U.S. dollars. As of December 31, 2010, our U.S. dollar-denominated indebtedness was U.S.$2.7 billion. In addition, as the U.S. dollar appreciates against the local currency in any of our export markets, we must from time to time price our sales in that local currency to compete effectively.

 

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Critical Accounting Policies

A summary of our significant accounting policies is included in Note 1 to our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included in this annual report. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make subjective estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, though actual results and timing could differ from the estimates. Management believes that the accounting policies below take into account those matters that require the exercise of judgment, but acknowledge that different judgments could result in substantially different results. The most critical accounting policies and estimates are described below.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets. The amount of such depreciation that relates to our fixed production assets, such as pulp mills and sawmills, is allocated to finished goods held as inventories and accumulates until charged to cost of sales when the finished goods are sold. Forests and lands are not depreciated.

In estimating the useful lives we have primarily relied upon actual experience with the same or similar types of equipment and recommendations from the manufacturers. Useful lives are based on the estimated amount of years an asset will be productive and are revised periodically to recognize potential impacts caused by new technologies, changes to maintenance procedures, changes in utilization of the equipment, and changing market prices of new and used equipment of the same or similar types.

Property, plant and equipment assets are evaluated for possible impairment. Factors that would indicate potential impairment may include, but are not limited to, significant decreases in the market value of a long-lived asset, a significant change in a long-lived asset’s physical condition and operating or cash flow losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset. This process requires our estimate of future cash flows generated by each asset or group of assets. For any instance where this evaluation process indicates impairment, the appropriate asset’s carrying values are written down to net realizable value and the amount of the write-down is charged against the results of continuing operations.

Expenditures that substantially improve and/or increase the useful life of facilities and equipment are capitalized. Other maintenance or repair costs are charged to income as they are incurred.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company recognizes financial assets and liabilities on its balance sheet at fair value, which is the value that the Company estimates would be attributable to such asset or liability in an arms-length transaction. As of the date of the initial recognition, the management of the Company classifies its financial assets at fair value through (i) income or (ii) collectible credits and accounts, depending on the purpose for which the financial assets were acquired.

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined by using valuation techniques. Arauco uses its judgment to select a variety of methods and make assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at each balance sheet date.

The doubtful provision of trade receivables is established when there is evidence that Arauco will not receive payments under the original terms of sale. Provisions are made when the client is a party to a bankruptcy court agreement or cessation of payments, or when Arauco has exhausted all levels of recovery of debt in a reasonable time. See Note 23 to our consolidated financial statements.

Biological Assets

IAS 4A requires that biological assets, such as standing trees, are shown on the balance sheet at fair value. Our forests are thus accounted for at fair value less estimated point-of sale costs at harvest, considering that the fair value of those assets can be measured reliably.

The recovery of forest plantations is based on discounted cash flow models, which means, that the fair value of biological assets is calculated using cash flows from continuing operations, the basis of sustainable forest management plans and considering the potential growth of forests. This recovery is performed on the basis of each forest stand identified and for each type of tree species.

 

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These discounted cash flows require estimates in growth, harvest, sales prices and costs. It is therefore important that management make appropriate estimates of future levels and trends for sales and costs, as well as administers regular surveys of the forests to establish the volumes of wood available for harvesting and their current growth rates. The principal considerations used to calculate the valuation of forest plantations are presented in Note 20 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

Lawsuits and Contingencies

Arauco and its subsidiaries are subject to certain ongoing lawsuits, the future effects of which need to be estimated by the management of the Company in collaboration with its legal advisors. Arauco seeks to evaluate the reports of its legal advisors and make appropriate contingency estimates in each balance sheet based on such reports. Arauco also makes contingency estimates and/or adjustments to prior contingency estimates upon the occurrence of material changes to the nature or underlying facts of such lawsuits.

Results of Operations

The following discussion is based on and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, as of December 31, 2009 and 2010 included elsewhere herein. The audited consolidated financial statements included herein are prepared in U.S. dollars and in accordance with IFRS.

The following table provides a breakdown of our financial results of operations and sales volumes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2010.

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2009      2010  
     Sales      %     Volume      Sales      %     Volume  
     (in millions of U.S.$, except where indicated)  

Revenue

               

Pulp

               

Bleached pulp(1)

   U.S.$ 1,400.8         45.0     2,707       U.S.$ 1,542.4         40.7     1,999   

Unbleached pulp(1)

     204.0         6.6        410         247.2         6.5        344   
                                                   

Total

     1,604.8         51.6        3,117         1,789.6         47.2        2,343   

Plywood and Fiberboard panels

               

Plywood and Fiberboard panels

     831.0         26.7        2,630         1,108.7         29.3        3,032   

Other

             0.3         0.0     

Total

     831.0         26.7        2,630         1,109.0         29.3        3,032   

Wood Products

               

Sawn timber(2)

     301.9         9.7        1,952         463.8         12.2        2,098   

Remanufactured wood products(2)

     191.9         6.2        279         150.4         4.0        316   
                                                   

Other

             6.6         0.2     
                                       

Total

     493.8         15.9        2,231         620.8         16.4        2,414   

Forestry Products

               

Sawlogs (net)(2)

     46.3         1.5        1,117         98.3         2.6        1,802   

Pulplogs(2)

     10.3         0.3        309         14.9         0.4        612   

Posts

     3.8         0.1        19         6.2         0.2        24   

Chips

     16.7         0.5        293         29.3         0.8        501   

Other

     4.6         0.1        148         1.5         0.0        124   
                                 

Total

     81.7         2.6        1,886         150.2         4.0        3,062   

Energy

     77.9         2.5           86.0         4.3     

Other

     23.9         0.8           32.8         0.9     
                                 

Total revenue

     3,113.0         100        3,788.4         100  

Cost of sales, exclusive of depreciation

               

Timber

     630.2              613.5        

Forestry labor costs

     353.2              470.3        

Maintenance costs

     284.3              207.2        

Chemical costs

     261.4              240.9        

Depreciation

     190.9              187.2        

Other costs of sales

     432.5              579.1        
                           

 

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     For the year ended December 31,  
     2009      2010  
     Sales     %     Volume      Sales     %     Volume  
     (in millions of U.S.$, except where indicated)  

Total cost of sales

     2,152.5             2,298.2       

Gross income

     960.5        30.9        1,490.2        39.3  

Other operating income

     181.4             378.2       

Distribution costs

     (388,5          (379.6    

Administrative expenses

     (249,3          (323.9    

Other operating expenses

     (59.7          (50.6    

Other income (loss)

     64.1             (0.3    

Financial income

     19.3             22.1       

Financial costs

     (193.9          (213.9    

Participation in profit (loss) in affiliates and joint ventures through equity method

     6.6             (7.7    

Exchange rate differences

     17.6             (16.3    

Income before income taxes

     358.1             898.8       

Income tax

     (53.5          (198.0    
                         

Net income

     304.6             700.7       

 

(1) 

Volumes measured in thousands of metric tons.

(2)

Volumes measured in thousands of cubic meters.

Year ended December 31, 2009 compared to year ended December 31, 2010

The following discussion is based on and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this annual report. Our consolidated financial statements are in accordance with IFRS and presented in U.S. dollars.

Revenue

Revenue increased 21.7% from U.S.$3,113.0 million in 2009 to U.S.$3,788.4 million in 2010, primarily as a result of:

 

   

a 33.5% increase in revenue from plywood and fiberboard panels;

 

   

a 11.5% increase in revenue from pulp;

 

   

a 25.7% increase in revenue from wood products; and

 

   

a 83.8% increase in revenue from forestry products.

Pulp

Revenue from bleached and unbleached pulp increased 11.5% from U.S.$1,604.8 million in 2009 to U.S.$1,789.6 million in 2010, reflecting a 48.3% increase in average prices, partially offset by a 24.8% decrease in sales volume. Sales of bleached pulp increased 10.1% due to a 49.1% increase in average prices, partially offset by a 26.2% decrease in sales volume. Revenue from unbleached pulp increased 21.2% due to a 44.2% increase in average prices, partially offset by a 16.0% decrease in sales volume.

When comparing to 2009, the increase in revenues in 2010 was primarily driven by higher average pulp prices which reflected a recovery in global demand for pulp and paper after the global financial crisis that led to a substantial decrease in the prices of our products during the last quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009.

The decrease in pulp sales volume was primarily a result of the interruption of operations at our Chilean pulp mills in March, April and May, 2010 as a result of the earthquake that hit the South-Central Region of Chile on February 27, 2010.

 

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Plywood and fiberboard panels

Revenue from plywood and fiberboard panels increased 33.5% from U.S.$831.0 million in 2009 to U.S.$1,109.0 million in 2010. This increase in revenues was primarily due to a 15.3% increase in sales volume and a 15.8% increase in average prices.

Our sales volume increased in 2010 primarily as a result of our acquisition of Tafisa Brasil in August 2009, which added 640,000 cubic meters of annual production capacity to our panels business, partially offset by the loss in production caused by the interruption of our operations in Chile due to the February 27, 2010 earthquake.

Our average prices increased in 2010 primarily as a result of higher demand for our products during the year compared to 2009, when prices for plywood, medium-density fiberboard, particleboard and hardboard deteriorated due to a decrease in global demand for these products.

Wood products

Revenue from sawn timber and remanufactured wood products increased 25.7% from U.S.$493.8 million in 2009 to U.S.$620.8 million in 2010, primarily as a result of a 8.2% increase in sales volume and a 16.2% increase in average prices. During 2010, our offer for sawn timber products increased largely due to reconstruction efforts in Chile after the February 27, 2010 earthquake. Also, the real estate and construction markets in the United States showed signs of modest improvement during the year 2010, but still remain at their lowest levels in 50 years. Homebuilding levels in the United States improved in 2010 reaching approximately an average of 588,000 units per year, compared to an average of 554,000 units per year during 2009. All of these factors described favored demand for our sawn timber and remanufactured wood products, increasing sales volume, partially offset by the interruption of our sawmills and the permanent closure of our Mutrún mill, after the February 27, 2010 earthquake.

Forestry products

Revenue from forestry products increased 83.8% from U.S.$81.7 million in 2009 to U.S.$150.2 million in 2010. This increase was primarily the result of increased demand for our sawlogs and chips, revenues of which increased 112.5% and 75.6% respectively, in 2010.

Demand for our forestry products increased in 2010 as a result of the recovery from the global financial crisis, which triggered a significant increase in demand for pulplogs, sawlogs, chips and posts.

Other revenue

Revenue from other sources, consisting principally of sales of energy and chemicals, increased 16.7% from U.S.$101.8 million in 2009 to U.S.$118.8 million in 2010. This increase is explained by higher sales of energy of U.S.$8.1 million and an increase in sales of chemicals by U.S.$6.6 million.

Cost of sales

Cost of sales increased 6.8% from U.S.$2,152.5 million in 2009 to U.S.$2,298.2 million in 2010, primarily as a result of higher forestry production costs by 33.2%, from U.S.$353.2 million in 2009 to U.S.$470.3 million in 2010 and an increase in raw materials costs, which increased 74.3%, from U.S.$146.7 million in 2009 to U.S.$255.8 million in 2010, partially offset by lower maintenance costs which decreased 27.1 %, from U.S.$284.3 in 2009 to U.S.$207.2 in 2010. As of December 31, 2010, average costs of pulp have increased when compared to December 31, 2009. BSKP or bleached softwood kraft pulp unitary costs increased by 10.5%, BHKP or bleached hardwood kraft pulp unitary costs slightly increased by 1.0% and UKP or unbleached kraft pulp unitary costs were 10.1% higher.

 

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Gross margin

Our gross margin increased from 30.9% for 2009 to 39.3% for 2010, primarily as a result of a 21.7% increase in sales revenue mainly as a result of higher average prices of almost all our products, partially offset by a 6.8% increase in cost of sales.

Other operating income

Other operating income increased 108.5% from U.S.$181.4 million in 2009 to U.S.$378.2 million in 2010, mainly as a result of a U.S.$66.0 million increase in the fair value of our biological assets due to higher sales margin in 2010 compared to 2009 and a net gain of U.S.$107.7 million attributable to insurance claims related to the February 27, 2010 earthquake.

Distribution costs

Distribution costs for all markets decreased 2.3% from U.S.$388.5 million in 2009 to U.S.$379.6 million in 2010, primarily as a result of a 9.5% decrease in shipping and freight costs due to a 24.8% reduction in pulp sales volume.

Administrative expenses

Administrative expenses increased 29.9% from U.S.$249.3 million in 2009 to U.S.$323.9 million in 2010, primarily as a result of a U.S.$50.2 million increase in administrative expenses attributable to our consolidation of the labor costs of Tafisa Brasil, which we acquired and began to consolidate in August 2009. As a percentage of revenue, administrative expenses increased from 8.0% in 2009 to 8.6% in 2010.

Financial costs

Interest expenses increased 10.3% from U.S.$193.9 million in 2009 to U.S.$213.9 million in 2010. This increase is explained primarily by higher accrued interests of U.S.$15.0 million, of which U.S.$8.0 million came from our two bond offerings made in September 2010 and a higher negative impact of change in fair value of derivatives of U.S.$5.0 million.

Exchange rate differences

We recorded exchange rate difference gains of U.S.$17.6 million in 2009 compared to exchange rate difference losses of U.S.$16.3 million in 2010, primarily as a result of foreign exchange losses attributable to our financial debt denominated in currencies that appreciated against the U.S. dollar, partially offset by foreign exchange gains attributable to money market investments, deposits and accounts receivables denominated in such currencies which appreciated against the U.S. dollar. The exchange rate losses can be explained largely by the depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Euro and the depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Chilean peso, which caused a loss of U.S.$28.4 million in total liabilities, partially offset by a gain of U.S.$12.1 million in total assets.

Income tax expenses

We had tax expenses of U.S.$53.5 million in 2009 compared to tax expenses of U.S.$198.0 million in 2010. This increase was principally attributable to a higher income before taxes as a result of our 55.1% increase in gross profit in 2010 compared to 2009. Our effective tax rate increased from 14.9% in 2009 to 22.0% in 2010, mainly due to higher profits coming from our subsidiaries in Argentina and Brazil, which have higher tax rate than our local subsidiaries, and the tax effect of income received from insurance related to the earthquake of February 27, 2010.

On July 30, 2010 Law N. 20.455 for national reconstruction financing was published in the Chilean Official Gazette (Diario Oficial de Chile). One of the most important changes such law introduced was the increase in the First Category Taxes for revenues received and /or accrued during commercial years 2011 and 2012, with rates of 20% and 18.5%, respectively.

 

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Net profit

Net consolidated profit in 2010 increased 130.0% from U.S.$304.6 million in 2009 to U.S.$700.7 million in 2010, primarily as a result of higher gross profits in almost all of our business segments due to improved market conditions, partially offset by exchange rate difference losses and higher income tax expenses.

Year ended December 31, 2008 compared to year ended December 31, 2009

Net Sales

Net sales decreased 16.2%, from U.S.$3,713.9 million in 2008 to U.S.$3,113.0 million in 2009, mainly as a result of a decreases of (i) 10.5% in pulp sales, (ii) 12.4% in panels sales, (iii) 19.6% in forestry products sales and (iv) 31.3% in wood products sales.

Pulp Sales

Sales revenue of bleached and unbleached pulp decreased from U.S.$1,792.8 million in 2008 to U.S.$1,604.8 million in 2009, as a result of a 21.9% decrease in average prices, which was partially offset by a 14.7% increase in sales volume. Sales revenue from the sale of bleached pulp decreased by 13.3% due to a 22.8% decrease in average prices, which was partially offset by a 12.3% increase in sales volume. Sales revenue from the sale of unbleached pulp increased by 15.7%, principally due to a 33.2% increase in sales volume of unbleached pulp, which was partially offset by a reduction in overall prices of unbleached pulp by 13.1%. The increase in sales volume mainly results from the increase in production capacity of pulp at the Nueva Aldea Mill from 856,000 to 1,027,000 tons per year as of March 2009.

Wood Products Sales

Sales of wood products, including sawn timber and remanufactured products decreased by 31.3%, from U.S.$718.3 million in 2008 to U.S.$493.8 million in 2009, reflecting a 22.3% decrease in sales volume and a 11.5% decrease in average prices. Sawn timber sales revenue decreased 36.0%, from U.S.$471.6 million in 2008 to U.S.$301.9 million in 2009, due principally to a 22.6% decrease in the sales volume of wood products and a decrease of 17.3% in average prices. Sales of remanufactured wood products decreased 22.2% from U.S.$246.6 million in 2008 to U.S.$191.9 million in 2009, due to a 2.9% decrease in average prices and a 19.9% decrease in sales volume. The decrease in the sales volume of wood products sales was mainly attributable to the closure of four of our sawmills during 2008. These closures were directly related to the weakening of the construction sector in the United States and Latin America in 2008 as a result of the global financial crisis.

Plywood and Fiberboard Panels Sales

Sales of plywood and fiberboard panels decreased 12.2%, from U.S.$946.9 million in 2008 to U.S.$831.0 million in 2009. This decrease was primarily due to an average price decrease of 21.1%, which was partially offset by an 11.2% increase in sales volume. The decrease in prices, which has affected the majority of our panel product lines, resulted from the weakening of the construction sector in 2009, particularly in Latin America and the United States, and an oversupply of panels in the Brazilian market, which added downward pressure to the prices of panels during the second half of 2009. The increase in sales volume is largely attributable to our acquisition of Tafisa in August 2009, which added 640,000 cubic meters of annual capacity to our panels business. See “Item 4. Description of Business—History.”

 

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Forestry Sales

Sales revenue from forestry products decreased by 19.6%, from U.S.$101.6 million in 2008 to U.S.$81.7 million in 2009. This decrease is mainly due to a decrease in sales volume of 31.0% of sawlogs, pulplogs and chips, which was partially offset by a 16.6% increase in the average prices of forestry products as compared to 2008.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales decreased by 7.7% from U.S.$2,331.9 million for 2008 to U.S.$2,152.5 million for 2009, primarily due to an overall decrease in the per unit cost of production for most of our products. In particular, we saw an annual decrease in our timber, forestry labor and chemicals costs of 14.0%, 14.3% and 22.9% respectively. These decreases were partially offset by both an increase in our maintenance costs and depreciation.

Gross Margins

Gross margins decreased from 37.2% for 2008 to 30.9% for 2009, primarily due to decreases in average sales prices, which was partially offset by a decrease in the per unit cost of sales.

Other Operating Income

Other operating income increased 75.8% from U.S.$104.3 million in 2008 to U.S.$183.3 million in 2009, primarily as a result of an increase in the fair value of our biological assets. This increase in fair value is mainly explained by the higher price of wood, an increase in volume of our forests and an older average age of the trees in 2009 compared to 2008.

Distribution Costs

The distribution costs for all markets decreased from U.S.$455.2 million in 2008 to U.S.$388.5 million in 2009, mainly due to a decrease in the per unit freight cost of our exports. This decrease in our freight costs was a result of the global financial crisis and the oversupply of shipment capacity.

Administrative Expenses

In 2009, administrative expenses were similar to those of 2008, slightly decreasing from U.S.$247.0 million to U.S.$242.2 million.

Financial Costs

Financial costs increased 10.6% from U.S.$175.2 million in 2008 to U.S.193.9 million in 2009, primarily due to an increase in interest expense of 13.5%, partially offset by a decrease in other financial costs of 1.9% as compared to 2008. Our interest expense increased as result of higher levels of long-term debt; in particular, this increase was the result of U.S.$142.0 million in long-term debt we issued in March 2009 in the local market and U.S.$500 million we issued in July 2009 in the U.S. market.

Exchange Rate Differences

We recorded foreign exchange gains of U.S.$17.6 million in 2009 compared to losses of U.S.$67.8 million in 2008. During 2009, the Chilean peso appreciated 20.3% against the U.S. dollar compared to 2008, which positively impacted our sales and other accounts receivables positions recorded in Chilean Pesos. In the same period the Brazilian Real depreciated 34.2% against the U.S. dollar in 2009, which also positively impacted our related party payables position recorded in Brazilian Reals.

Negative Goodwill Immediately Recognized

Negative goodwill immediately recognized increased to U.S.$36.9 million in 2009 from zero in 2008. This increase is a result of our purchase of ENCE’s main assets in Uruguay at a purchase price below market value, which allowed us to recognize negative goodwill. See “Item 4. Description of Business—History.”

 

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Other Profit (Loss)

In 2009, we earned other profit of U.S.$27.2 million, as compared to the other losses we incurred in 2008 of U.S.$0.4 million. This increase was primarily due to the gain that we recorded as a result of our contribution of 50% of our equity in Forestal Conosur to the Montes de Plata joint venture. This contribution resulted in a change in control of Forestal Conosur S.A., which allowed us to recognize the assets and liabilities contributed to the joint venture at fair value under the equity method rather than at book value on a consolidated basis which resulted in a gain for Arauco. See “Item 4. Description of Business—History.”

Income Tax

In 2009, we incurred income tax expenses of U.S.$53.5 million, which is a decrease of U.S.$44.5 million from the income tax expenses of U.S.$98.0 million in 2008. This decrease was principally due to our lower profit before income tax and to the increase in non-taxable items.

Net Profit

Net profit decreased 33.0% from U.S.$405.0 million in 2008 to U.S.$304.6 million in 2009. The main cause of this decrease was the global financial crisis that continued to negatively affect the construction sector throughout 2009, which resulted in decreases in both our prices and total sales revenues.

Liquidity and capital resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are funds from operations, domestic and international borrowings from commercial and investment banks and debt offerings in the domestic and international capital markets.

Cash flow from operating activities

Our net cash flow provided by operating activities was U.S.$1,137.3 million in 2010 and U.S.$751.0 million in 2009. The increase of net cash provided by operating activities in 2010 as compared to 2009 was principally due to an increase of U.S.$308.4 million in the collection of trade accounts receivable as a result of increasing sales of our products, and an increase of U.S.$292.4 million received from insurance claims mostly related to the earthquake of February 27, 2010. This result was partially offset by higher payments to suppliers for goods and services by U.S.$91.4 million and an increase of U.S.$72.3 million of payments to and on behalf of employees.

Cash flow used in investing activities

Our net cash used in investing activities was U.S.$669.4 million in 2010 and U.S.$717.3 million in 2009. This decrease was principally due to lower amounts used in business combinations by U.S.$286.5 million, partially offset by higher capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment by U.S.$240.9 million.

Cash flow from financing activities

Our net cash used in financing activities was U.S.$33.9 million in 2010 compared to U.S.$302.4 million obtained from financing activities in 2009. This decrease was mainly due to lower funds obtained by debt financing of U.S.$356.7 million, partially offset by a lower amount used to repay loan obligations by U.S.$112.4 million.

In accordance with customary practice in the pulp industry, we do not have long-term sales contracts with our customers; rather, we maintain relationships with our customers, with whom we reach agreements from time to time on specific volumes and prices.

We believe that cash flow generated by operations, cash balances, borrowings from commercial banks and debt offerings in the domestic and international capital markets will be sufficient to meet our working capital, debt service and capital expenditure requirements for the foreseeable future. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Capital Expenditures.”

 

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Contractual obligations

The following table sets forth certain contractual obligations as of December 31, 2010, and the period in which the contractual obligations come due.

 

     Payments Due by Period  
     Less than 1
year
     1-3 years      3-5 years      More than
5 years
     Total  
    

(in millions of U.S. dollars)

 

Debt obligations(1)

     504,2         722,7         845,3         2.286,8         4.359,0   

Forestal Río Grande debt obligations(2)

     35,6         69,1         —           —           104,7   

Purchase obligations(3)

     31,7         —           —           —           31,7   

Capital (finance) lease obligations

     0,3         0,0         —           —           0,4   

Operating lease obligations

     —           —           —           —           —     

Other contractual obligations(4)

     —           —           —           —           —     
                                            

Total

     571,8         791,8         845,3         2.286,8         4.495,7   

 

(1)

Includes estimated interest payments related to long-term debt obligations.

(2) 

Forestal Río Grande S.A. is a special purpose entity, which we control but do not own. As a result, we include the financial information of Forestal Río Grande S.A. in our financial statements, including its long term debt obligations.

(3) 

Excludes contracts entered into with independent contractors to perform operations on our behalf. Our payment obligations under such contracts are not pre-determined, but rather depend on the performance of certain variables. Accordingly, we cannot quantify our contractual obligations under such contracts.

(4) 

Excludes our obligations to purchase wood, plantations and land from Forestal Río Grande S.A. because those obligations are already included in our consolidated financial statements as part of our indebtedness.

Investment activities

During 2010, our principal investment activities were as follows:

In April 2010, our subsidiary Arauco do Brasil S.A. acquired 50% of the shares of Dynea Brasil from Dynea AS for U.S.$15 million. As a result of this acquisition, we now own 100% of the shares of Dynea Brasil.

Financing activities

During 2010, our principal financing activities were as follows:

 

   

On June 17, 2010, we prepaid U.S.$22.8 million of U.S.$270.5 million of our 8.675% notes due 2010.

 

   

On August 16, 2010, we paid at maturity U.S.$247.7 million of the balance of our 8.675% notes due 2010.

 

   

On September 2, 2010, we issued one series of bonds for U.S.$210 million in the Chilean local market. This series of bonds with an aggregate principal amount of 5,000,000 UF was issued at 3.25% with a final maturity of 10 years.

 

   

On September 21, 2010, we issued bonds for U.S.$400 million in the U.S. market at 5.00% with a final maturity of 10 years.

 

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As of December 31, 2010, our short-term bank debt was U.S.$103.2 million of which %87.9 was U.S. dollar-denominated.

As of December 31, 2010, our total long-term bank, export credit agency and multilateral lending agency debt (including the current portion of such debt) was U.S.$294.8 million of which 96.7% was U.S. dollar-denominated. As of December 31, 2010, we also had total capital markets borrowings (including the current portion of such debt) of U.S.$3,051,6 million, 77.8% of which was U.S. dollar-denominated. As of December 31, 2010, the weighted average maturity of our long-term debt was 7.0 years. The interest rate on our variable rate debt is determined principally by reference to the London inter-bank offered rate (LIBOR), and as of December 30, 2010, the average interest rate for our U.S. dollar floating rate debt over nine-month LIBOR was 0.66%. As of December 30, 2010, the average interest rate for our U.S. dollar fixed rate debt was 6.34%. These average rates do not reflect the effect of swap agreements and subsequent unwinds effective as of December 30, 2010.

The instruments and agreements governing our bank loans and local bonds set limits on our incurrence of debt and liabilities through the use of financial covenants. The principal financial covenants contained in the bank loan agreements are as follows:

 

   

Our debt to equity ratio must not exceed 1.2:1; and

 

   

Our interest coverage ratio must not be less than 2:1.

The principal financial covenant contained in the local bond agreements is:

 

   

Our debt to equity ratio must not exceed 1.2:1.

We were in compliance with these covenants for both bank loans and local bonds agreements as of December 31, 2010.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

We do not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements.

TREASURY MANAGEMENT

We manage the treasury activities of all of our Chilean subsidiaries on a centralized basis. Our Chilean subsidiaries borrow from or lend money to us in accordance with their daily cash requirements or surplus, maintaining their cash balance close to zero. Our policy is not to allow our Chilean subsidiaries to invest in financial instruments and other transactions. We make decisions regarding short-term loans, short-term investments, currency transactions and other transactions on a consolidated basis. Treasury activities are governed by our cash and deposits policy, which is approved by the board of directors. The main principles of our cash and deposits policy are as follows:

 

   

investments must be in fixed income instruments;

 

   

we do not invest in stocks;

 

   

investments must be in instruments from the Central Bank of Chile or from internationally recognized financial institutions; and

 

   

transactions must be carried out only with banks or bank subsidiaries.

Our Argentine and Brazilian subsidiaries manage their treasury activities independently from us. Their activities are governed by cash and deposit policies that are approved by their chief executive officers. These policies are based on the same principles underlying our cash and deposits policy.

 

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HEDGING

We periodically review our exposure to risks arising from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and interest rates and make a determination, on a case-by-case basis, at our senior management level whether or not to hedge such risks. As a result, from time to time we enter into currency and interest rate swaps with respect to a portion of our borrowings. See Note 23 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

We have two offsetting interest rate swap agreements outstanding, each in a notional amount of U.S.$130 million, with respect to the interest rate on our 7.75% Notes due 2011. These interest rate swaps settle semiannually and terminate in 2011. The net effect of our interest rate swap agreements is that we pay fixed interest at a rate of 5.506% and receive fixed interest at a rate of 7.75%. See Note 23 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

The Bío Bío Investment Fund, with which we entered into certain agreements pursuant to which we became the administrator and exclusive buyer of the forestry assets acquired from Forestal Bío Bío S.A., entered into one interest rate swap agreement, in an initial notional amount of U.S.$240 million with amortizations during the life of the swap in the same amount and dates of the amortizations of the credit agreement the Bío Bío Investment Fund obtained on October 6, 2006, with interest rate settled quarterly and with a final maturity in October 2013. The net effect of this interest rate swap agreement is that the Bío Bío Investment Fund pays fixed interest rate at a rate of 5.256% and receives a floating rate at 3 months LIBOR. In January 2007, the Bío Bío Investment Fund transferred all of its assets and financial debt to Forestal Río Grande S.A.

We have outstanding the following cross currency swap agreements to hedge our local bonds issued in UF:

 

   

A cross currency swap agreement with Banco de Chile for UF 1,000,000. Under this agreement, we receive semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of UF 1,000,000 at a rate of 2.25% and pays semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of U.S.$35,700,986.39, which is equivalent to UF 1,000,000 at the currency exchange rate at the date of the agreement, at a rate of 4.99%. This swap matures in March 2014.

 

   

A cross currency swap agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank for UF 1,000,000. Under this agreement, we receive semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of UF 1,000,000 at a rate of 2.25% and it pays semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of U.S.$35,281,193.28, which is the equivalent to UF 1,000,000 at the currency exchange rate at the date of the agreement, at a rate of 4.94%. This swap agreement matures in March 2014.

 

   

A cross currency swap agreement with Barclays Bank PLC for UF 1,000,000. Under this agreement, we receive semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of UF 1,000,000 at a rate of 4.25% and it pays semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of U.S.$38.38 million, which is equivalent to UF 1,000,000 at the currency exchange rate at the date of the agreement, at a rate of 5.86%. This swap agreement matures in October 2014.

 

   

A cross currency swap agreement with Banco de Chile for UF 1,000,000. Under this agreement, we receive semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of UF 1,000,000 at a rate of 4.25% and it pays semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of U.S.$37.98 million, which is equivalent to UF 1,000,000 at the currency exchange rate at the date of the agreement, at a rate of 5.79%. This swap agreement matures in April 2014.

 

   

A cross currency swap agreement with Deutsche Bank for UF 1,000,000. Under this agreement, we receive semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of UF 1,000,000 at a rate of 4.25% and it pays semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of U.S.$37.98 million, which is equivalent to UF 1,000,000 at the currency exchange rate at the date of the agreement, at a rate of 5.8%. This swap agreement matures in October 2014.

 

   

A cross currency swap agreement with Deutsche Bank for UF 1,000,000. Under this agreement, we receive semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of UF 1,000,000 at a rate of 4.25% and it pays semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of U.S.$37.62 million, which is equivalent to UF 1,000,000 at the currency exchange rate at the date of the agreement, at a rate of 5.79%. This swap agreement matures in October 2014.

 

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A cross currency swap agreement with Barclays Bank PLC for UF 1,000,000. Under this agreement, we receive semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of UF 1,000,000 at a rate of 4.25% and it pays semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of U.S.$38.42 million, which is equivalent to UF 1,000,000 at the currency exchange rate at the date of the agreement, at a rate of 5.62%. This swap agreement matures in October 2014.

 

   

A cross currency swap agreement with Corpbanca for UF 1,000,000. Under this agreement, we receive semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of UF 1,000,000 at a rate of 3.25% and it pays semiannual interest based on the notional amount of U.S.$42.86 million, which is equivalent to UF 1,000,000 at the currency exchange rate at the date of the agreement, at a rate of 5.20%. This swap agreement matures in September 1, 2020.

 

   

A cross currency swap agreement with BBVA for UF 1,000,000. Under this agreement, we receive semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of UF 1,000,000 at a rate of 3.25% and it pays semiannual interest based on the notional amount of U.S.$42.86 million, which is equivalent to UF 1,000,000 at the currency exchange rate at the date of the agreement, at a rate of 5.20%. This swap agreement matures in September 1, 2020.

 

   

A cross currency swap agreement with Deutsche Bank for UF 1,000,000. Under this agreement, we receive semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of UF 1,000,000 at a rate of 3.25% and it pays semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of U.S.$42.86 million, which is equivalent to UF 1,000,000 at the currency exchange rate at the date of the agreement, at a rate of 5.25%. This swap agreement matures in September 1, 2020.

 

   

A cross currency swap agreement with Banco Santander for UF 1,000,000. Under this agreement, we receive semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of UF 1,000,000 at a rate of 3.25% and it pays semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of U.S.$42.87 million, which is equivalent to UF 1,000,000 at the currency exchange rate at the date of the agreement, at a rate of 5.17%. This swap agreement matures in September 1, 2020.

 

   

A cross currency swap agreement with BBVA for UF 1,000,000. Under this agreement, we receive semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of UF 1,000,000 at a rate of 3.25% and it pays semi-annual interest based on the notional amount of U.S.$42.87 million, which is equivalent to UF 1,000,000 at the currency exchange rate at the date of the agreement, at a rate of 5.09%. This swap agreement matures in September 1, 2020.

These cross currency swap agreements allow us to address uncertainties regarding exchange rates. Through these agreements, we receive cash flows in UF, which allow us to comply with the terms of the bonds and pay fixed amounts in dollars, the currency in which a significant amount of our assets are denominated.

On June 4, 2010, we entered a six month Then-on-the-Run Treasury Hedge with J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. Under this agreement, we locked the 10-year U.S. Treasury bond at a 3.4925% rate based on a notional amount of U.S.$300.0 million. This hedge agreement matured on December 6, 2010.

We have also analyzed our exposure to risks associated with fluctuations in prices of commodities, including pulp, but have, thus far, not entered into any material hedging transactions with respect to such risks.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

We spent U.S.$6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 on research and development. We conduct our principal research and development programs through our subsidiary Investigaciones Forestales Bioforest S.A., which concentrates its efforts on applying and implementing advanced technologies to the specific characteristics of our forests and mills.

 

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We are continuously researching and attempting to develop different strains of long-fiber pine trees to improve their quality and to shorten their average harvest cycle. Additionally, we maintain close relations with certain international research institutes, equipment suppliers and the scientific and engineering community involved with our industry.

TREND INFORMATION

On February 27, 2010, an earthquake measured at a magnitude of 8.8 on the Richter scale occurred in the South-Central Region of Chile and was followed by a tsunami that affected parts of the Chilean coastline. The affected area is a location where we maintain a substantial portion of our Chilean industrial operations. Immediately after the earthquake, all of our production units applied their contingency plans, which involved shutting down operations and evaluating the damage caused to each facility by the earthquake. As a result of the earthquake and the subsequent tsunami, our Mutrún sawmill was destroyed. Our other operations that were adversely affected by the earthquake and tsunami reopened gradually, the last of which being line two of the Arauco Pulp Mill (Arauco II), which reopened on February 2, 2011. As of today, all of our operations have reopened and are currently operating at full operational capacity, except for the Mutrún sawmill, which was destroyed and will not be reopened. The Mutrún sawmill represented 6% of our sawn timber production capacity in Chile.

Pulp sales reached U.S. $533.3 million during the fourth quarter of 2010, a 13.6% increase compared to the same quarter of the previous year. This increase is mainly explained by higher average prices of 23.6%, partially offset by lower sales volume of 9.2%. The lower sales volume is largely explained by the interruption of operations at our pulp mills mainly in the first half of 2010 as a result of the earthquake that hit the central and southern regions of Chile on February 27, 2010.

The global financial crisis that affected the world paper market, especially in Europe and North America, led to a substantial decrease in the prices of our products during the last quarter of 2008. Prices began to show a slight recovery during the second quarter of 2009, and then continued increasing for the rest of the year, almost reaching pre-crisis levels in the last quarter of 2009. The recovery in the pulp market was confirmed during the fourth quarter of 2009 and the year 2010, during which time pulp prices have grown strongly, reaching near pre-crisis levels. We expect this positive price trend to continue throughout the first half of 2011, especially in long fiber, although at a slower pace than that of the year 2010. In February 2011, we began to see strong rises in prices of long fiber while short fiber prices continued stable, causing a spread between the prices of long and short fibers of U.S.$100 or more.

Inventory levels decreased slightly at the end of the fourth quarter of 2010, as compared to 2009 levels. World stock levels were 28 days for long fiber and 43 days for short fiber as of February 2011, which were higher than the world stock levels measured as of February 2010, which were 25 and 34 days, respectively.

Notwithstanding the strong recovery in the overall quantity of our shipments to Europe during 2010, the European paper market is still facing challenging circumstances. Local producers have not been able to transfer the higher global pulp prices to paper products, consequently suffering decreases in margin due to the higher costs of raw material. Also, the sovereign debt crisis in Greece that occurred in the first months of 2010 has impacted the value of the euro against the US dollar, which increased European pulp-buyer prices in euro terms. The status of the overall European economy is uncertain in the short term, and the pulp market may be negatively impacted if the crisis spreads to other European countries, as there is a close relationship between the health of the economy of a region and its pulp and paper demand.

During the last quarter of 2010, the market in general was very strong in Asia, particularly in China, showing an upward trend in long fiber prices and price stability for short fiber. During the early months of 2011, Asian countries, including China in particular, continued to have strong demand for pulp, leading to pulp price increases throughout the region. Although paper prices remain under pressure and shipments to China are higher than consumption, paper production is still very strong for local consumption and exports.

 

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Our sawn timber and panels business is strongly related to the real estate and construction industries. The real estate and construction markets in the United States are still at their lowest in 50 years. During the early months of 2011, homebuilding levels decreased to approximately 480,000 units per year, as compared to an average of 585,000 units during 2010. During 2010 and the early months of 2011, home sales in the Chilean market were higher than in 2009, which increase was largely the result of the reconstruction efforts in the central and southern regions of Chile following the earthquake of February 27, 2010.

 

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Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees

DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Directors

A board of directors manages our business. Our by-laws (estatutos) require that the board of directors consist of nine directors. Our directors cannot also be our executives. The entire board is elected every three years and can be re-elected for any number of periods. The current board was elected in April 2010, and their terms will expire in 2013. The board may appoint replacements to fill any vacancies that occur during periods between elections; however, at the annual shareholders’ meeting following any such replacement, an election of the entire board must take place. Scheduled meetings of the board of directors are, generally, held once a month. Extraordinary board meetings are called when summoned by the Chairman or when requested by at least two directors.

We do not have an audit committee or compensation committee.

Our current directors are listed below.

 

Name

   Years as
Director
   Position    Age

José Tomás Guzmán

   25    Chairman    81

Roberto Angelini

   25    First Vice-Chairman    62

Manuel Bezanilla

   25    Second Vice-Chairman    66

Jorge Andueza

   17    Director    62

José Rafael Campino

   1    Director    58

Carlos Croxatto

   25    Director    96

Alberto Etchegaray

   17    Director    65

Eduardo Navarro

   3    Director    45

Timothy C. Purcell

   6    Director    51

Included below are brief biographical descriptions of each of our directors.

José Tomás Guzmán became a Director on April 30, 1986 and became Chairman of the board of directors on May 4, 2007. He served as Chairman of the board of directors from April 18, 1991 to January 4, 2005, when he voluntarily resigned, and as First Vice-Chairman of the board of directors from January 27, 2005 to May 4, 2007. He is a partner of the law firm Portaluppi, Guzmán y Bezanilla, is a Vice-Chairman of COPEC, Empresas Copec and AntarChile, is Chairman of the board of directors of Forestal Arauco, Inversiones Siemel S.A. and Compañía de Seguros de Vida Cruz del Sur S.A., and serves as a member of the boards of directors of Industrias Forestales S.A., Sigma S.A., Servicios Corporativos Sercor S.A., Corpesca S.A. and Astilleros Arica S.A. Mr. Guzmán holds a law degree from the Catholic University of Chile.

Roberto Angelini became a Director on April 30, 1986 and became First Vice-Chairman of the board of directors on May 4, 2007. He served as Vice-Chairman of the board of directors from April 18, 1991 to January 4, 2005, when he voluntarily resigned, and as Second Vice-Chairman of the board of directors from January 27, 2005 to May 4, 2007. He serves as Chairman of the board of directors of Empresas Copec, COPEC, AntarChile, Corpesca S.A., Pesquera Iquique-Guanaye S.A., Astilleros Arica S.A. and Servicios Corporativos Sercor S.A. He also serves as a member of the boards of directors of Forestal Arauco, Industrias Forestales S.A., Empresa Pesquera Eperva S.A., Orizon S.A., Compañía de Seguros de Vida Cruz del Sur S.A., Inversiones Siemel S.A. and Sigma S.A. Mr. Angelini holds a degree in civil engineering from the Catholic University of Chile.

Manuel Bezanilla became a Director on April 30, 1986. He was appointed as Second Vice-Chairman of the board of directors on May 4, 2007. He is also a partner of the law firm Portaluppi, Guzmán y Bezanilla and serves as a member of the boards of directors of Forestal Arauco, Pesquera Iquique-Guanaye S.A., AntarChile and Inversiones Siemel S.A. Mr. Bezanilla holds a law degree from the Catholic University of Chile.

 

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Jorge Andueza became a Director on April 11, 1994. He is also the Chief Executive Officer of AntarChile and serves as a member of the boards of directors of COPEC, Empresas Copec, Empresa Pesquera Eperva S.A., Corpesca S.A., Compañía de Seguros de Vida Cruz del Sur S.A., Inversiones Siemel S.A., Astilleros Arica S.A., Pesquera Iquique-Guanaye S.A., Orizon S.A., Organización Terpel S.A., Servicios Corporativos Sercor S.A. and Sigma S.A. Mr. Andueza holds a degree in electronic civil engineering from Federico Santa María Technical University.

José Rafael Campino became a Director on March 23, 2010. He is currently Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer of Forestal del Sur S.A., a member of the boards of directors of Forestal Los Lagos S.A. and Forestales Regionales S.A., Managing Partner of Forestal Atlántico Sur S.A.R.L. in Montevideo, Uruguay and former President of the Corporación Chilena de la Madera (Chilean Forestry Association). Mr. Campino holds a degree in civil engineering from the Catholic University of Chile and Master of Science degree in management from Stanford University.

Carlos Croxatto became a Director on April 30, 1986. He also serves as a member of the boards of directors of Forestal Arauco and Industrias Forestales S.A. Mr. Croxatto holds a degree in civil engineering from the University of Chile.

Alberto Etchegaray became a Director on April 11, 1994 and served as Chairman of the board of directors from January 4, 2005 to May 4, 2007, when he voluntarily resigned. He is also a partner of Domet Ltda., the Chairman of the board of directors of Invesco Internacional S.A., Salfacorp S.A., Red Salud S.A and Habitaria S.A.. He served as the Chilean Minister of Housing for four years. Mr. Etchegaray holds a degree in civil engineering from the Catholic University of Chile.

Eduardo Navarro became a Director on September 25, 2007. He is also the Chief Executive Officer of Empresas Copec S.A., the Chief Executive Officer of Pesquera Iquique-Guanaye S.A., and serves as a member of the boards of directors of COPEC, Abastecedora de Combustibles S.A., Sociedad Nacional de Oleoductos S.A., Empresa Eléctrica Guacolda S.A., Corpesca S.A., Orizon S.A., Compañía Minera Can-Can S.A., Metrogas S.A. and Colbún S.A. Mr. Navarro holds degrees in commercial engineering and economics, and a master’s degree in economics, all from the Catholic University of Chile.

Timothy C. Purcell became a director on April 26, 2005. He is also Managing Partner of Linzor Capital Partners, LP. Mr. Purcell currently serves as a member of the boards of directors of Compañía de Seguros de Vida Cruz del Sur S.A., Cruz del Sur Administradora General de Fondos S.A., Isapre Cruz Blanca S.A., BOPP Holdings, Parque Arauco S.A. and Corporación Santo Tomás. He is also a Trustee of International House in New York. Mr. Purcell received an undergraduate degree with distinction in Economics from Cornell University, as well as a Masters Degree in International Studies from the University of Pennsylvania and a master’s degree in business (MBA) from Wharton Business School.

 

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Executive Officers

Our executive officers are appointed by the board of directors and hold office at its discretion. Our current principal executive officers and the directors of each area or department are listed below.

 

Name

   Years with
Arauco
    

Position

   Age  

Matías Domeyko(1)

     22       President and Chief Executive Officer      49   

Gianfranco Truffello

     16       Chief Financial Officer      43   

Robinson Tajmuch

     20       Comptroller Director      54   

Franco Bozzalla

     21       Wood Pulp Area Managing Director      48   

Jorge Garnham(2)

     34       Corporate Management Director      57   

Cristián Infante(2)

     15       Corporate Management & Development Director      44   

Charles Kimber

     25       Corporate Affairs & Marketing Director      49   

Antonio Luque

     19       Sawn Timber Area Managing Director      54   

Alvaro Saavedra

     19       Forestry Area Managing Director      55   

Gonzalo Zegers

     3       Panels Area Managing Director      50   

Felipe Guzman

     2       General Counsel      41   

 

(1) 

Matías Domeyko worked at Arauco from 1987 to 1994. He rejoined Arauco in 1997.

(2) 

As of March 31, 2010, Jorge Garnham voluntarily resigned as Corporate Management Director and was replaced by Cristián Infante.

Included below are brief biographical descriptions of each of our executive officers and the directors of each area or department.

Matías Domeyko is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Arauco. Mr. Domeyko is also a member of the board of directors of Puerto Lirquén S.A. He worked at Arauco from 1987 to 1994. He rejoined in 1997 and served as our Chief Financial Officer until 2005. He previously served as the Director of Development of Copec. Mr. Domeyko holds a degree in commercial engineering from the University of Chile.

Gianfranco Truffello is the Chief Financial Officer of Arauco. He joined Arauco in 1994 and was previously our Finance Manager. He also served as the Chief Financial Officer of Alto Paraná S.A. Mr. Truffello holds a degree in civil engineering from the Catholic University of Chile and a master’s degree in business administration from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Robinson Tajmuch is the Comptroller Director of Arauco. He joined Arauco in 1991 and was previously our Comptroller. Before joining Arauco, he served as Auditing Manager at Price Waterhouse. Mr. Tajmuch holds a degree in accounting and auditing from the Santiago University of Chile.

Franco Bozzalla is the Woodpulp Area Managing Director. He joined Arauco in 1990. He was formerly a sales representative of Forestal Arauco and the Panels Area Managing Director. Mr. Bozzalla holds a degree in civil engineering from the Catholic University of Chile.

Jorge Garnham was the Corporate Management Director of Arauco until March 31, 2011 when he voluntary resigned and was replaced by Cristián Infante. He joined Arauco in 1978. He was formerly the Managing Director of Alto Paraná S.A., Chief Accounting Officer, Manager of Forestry Sales of Arauco and Woodpulp Area Managing Director. Mr. Garnham holds a degree in civil engineering from the Catholic University of Chile.

Cristián Infante is currently the Corporate Management & Development Director of Arauco since April 1, 2011. Previously, he was the Atlantic Region Managing Director. He joined Arauco in 1996 as a woodpulp sales representative, where he worked for two years. In 1998, Mr. Infante was appointed sales manager for industrial lumber and remanufactured products of Forestal Arauco, where he worked until 1999, at which time he moved to Centromaderas S.A., where he worked for two years. Mr. Infante holds a degree in civil engineering from the Catholic University of Chile.

 

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Charles Kimber is the Corporate Affairs & Marketing Director of Arauco. Mr. Kimber also supervises the Environmental Area, Andrés Camaño. He graduated from the Catholic University of Chile with a degree in Commercial Engineering and joined Arauco in 1986, where he has held several positions in sales. He was previously Managing Director of Arauco Wood Products Inc.

Antonio Luque is the Sawn Timber Area Managing Director of Arauco and has held that position since 1993. Before joining Arauco, he was the General Manager of Cabildo S.A. and a research engineer at Compañía Industrial. Mr. Luque holds a degree in civil engineering from the University of Chile.

Alvaro Saavedra is the Forestry Area Managing Director of Arauco. He joined Arauco in 1991. Previously, he was the Director of Development of Forestal Arauco. He holds a degree in civil engineering from the University of Chile and a masters degree in science from the University of London.

Gonzalo Zegers is the Panels Area Managing Director of Arauco. He joined Arauco in 2008. Before joining the Company, he was the general manager of Agrofruta S.A. from 1991 to 1995, Chief Financial Officer (1995-1996) and Chief Executive Officer (1996-2005) of MASISA, and Chief Executive Officer of ATC Panels Inc. (USA) until 2008. Mr. Zegers holds a degree in commercial engineering from the Santiago University of Chile.

Felipe Guzmán is the General Counsel of Arauco. He joined Arauco in December 2008. Before joining the Company, he worked at the law firm Portaluppi, Guzmán & Bezanilla (1996-2008), and he spent a year as an International Associate at Simpson, Thacher & Bartlett in New York (2000-2001). Mr. Guzmán holds a law degree from Finis Terrae University, and a Master of Law from Duke University.

Compensation

For 2010, the aggregate compensation of all our directors and executive officers and senior managers paid or accrued in that year for services in all capacities, including salaries and compensation for their service to those executive officers who serve as directors, was U.S.$47.7 million. We do not maintain any pension or retirement programs or incentive compensation plans for our directors or executive officers. We also do not maintain any plans providing for benefits upon termination of employment. The following table sets out the compensation of our directors for their services as directors in the years provided.

 

     2009      2010  

Roberto Angelini

   U.S.$ 184,113         186,031   

José Tomás Guzmán

     211,335         215,223   

Carlos Croxatto

     231,062         236,860   

Manuel Bezanilla

     128,503         141,030   

Jorge Andueza

     54,453         60,019   

Jorge Bunster

     54,453         14,651   

José Rafael Campino

     —           45,368   

Alberto Etchegaray

     54,453         60,019   

Eduardo Navarro

     54,453         60,018   

Juan Cambiaso

     48,000         36,000   

Antonio Luque

     28,754         30,952   

Matías Domeyko

     131,190         126,960   

René Katz

     11,414         12,462   

Manfred Mayer

     11,414         12,462   

Jorge Garnham

     22,754         24,952   

Eduardo Zañartu

     11,340         60,018   

Alvaro Saavedra

     28,754         30,952   

Franco Bozzalla

     22,754         24,952   

Cristián Infante

     13,997         18,462   

Gonzalo Zegers

     17,340         18,489   

Robinson Tajmuch

     22,754         24,952   

Charles Kimber

     22,754         24,951   

Timothy C. Purcell

     54,453         60,018   
                 

Total compensation

   U.S.$ 1,420,497         1,478,273   
                 

 

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Employees

The following table provides a breakdown of our employees by main category of activity as of the end of each year in the three-year period ended December 31, 2009.

 

     As of December 31,  
     2008      2009      2010  

Pulp mill employees

     2,288         2,286         2,347   

Other industrial employees

     3,445         3,398         3,912   

Forestry employees

     1,185         1,347         1,823   

Administrative employees

     897         873         952   
                          

Total

     7,815         7,904         9,034   
                          

As of December 31, 2010, we had contracts with 1,096 contractors, who employed 26,670 employees. Contractors that are not affiliated with us or with each other operate our eight sawmills and five remanufacturing facilities in Chile. The 12 independent contractors that operate our Chilean sawmills had 2,822 employees at December 31, 2010. The independent contractors that operate our Chilean remanufacturing facilities had 1,991 employees at December 31, 2010 and the independent contractor that operates the laminating beams line employed 99 employees at December 31, 2010.

Under Chilean labor legislation, we are secondarily liable for the payment of labor and the social security obligations owed to employees of our contractors. In the event that we do not exercise the rights granted to us by the labor laws regarding the supervision of our contractors in their compliance of their labor and social security obligations, then our responsibility is elevated from secondary to joint and several, thus enabling an employee of a contractor to bring a claim relating to these obligations against both the contractor and to us, as the party hiring such contractor, although the contractor would remain primarily liable for such obligations. Furthermore, we are also responsible for some of the health and safety conditions of the contractors’ workers, and we are obligated to supervise the compliance by our contractors with all obligations related to such conditions while such workers are performing activities for us within our corporate purpose.

21.7% of our employees in Chile, 50.1% of our employees in Argentina and 14.7% of our employees in Brazil were unionized at December 31, 2010. We negotiate collective bargaining agreements of two or three years’ duration with unionized employees.

We have stable employee relations in Chile, Argentina and Brazil. Our Chilean operations have not experienced any work stoppages in the last five years other than (i) a ten-day work stoppage in November 2009 at our Constitución and Valdivia pulp mills, our Trupán-Cholguán panel mill, and our Nueva Aldea and Horcones complexes, (ii) a three-day work stoppage in September 2009 at our Constitución and Valdivia pulp mills, our Trupán-Cholguán panel mill, and our Nueva Aldea and Horcones complexes; and (iii) a six-day work stoppage in May 2007 at our Horcones complex (which includes the Arauco pulp mill, a panel plant and two sawmills), each of which was caused by the employees of our third party forestry contractors at each of the respective facilities.

In Argentina, during January 2008, the chemical mill in Argentina experienced three days of work stoppage, but these strikes were limited to two hours per shift and did not materially affect operations. In addition, in January and February 2007, we experienced (i) a 12-day stoppage at the Faplac mill due to problems with the labor union of its chemical division and (ii) a six-day suspension of operations at our Alto Paraná mill as a result of a strike by a group of approximately 150 power saw operators.

 

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During the last five years, there have been no strikes or other material work stoppages at our Brazilian subsidiaries.

SHARE OWNERSHIP

Our former director, Anacleto Angelini, who passed away on August 28, 2007, owned 20.8% of the partnership rights in Inversiones Angelini y Compañía Limitada, or Inversiones Angelini, which is the principal shareholder of AntarChile. He directly owned 0.9% of AntarChile. Through his direct and indirect interests in Inversiones Angelini, AntarChile and Empresas Copec, Anacleto Angelini beneficially owned 8.3% of our shares. Mr. Angelini’s estate was divided among his heirs through a public deed in January 2010, and as a result Mr. Angelini’s ownership of partnership rights in Inversiones Angelini was distributed among his widow, Mrs. María Noseda Zambra, who received 15.3%, his nephew Mr. Roberto Angelini, who received 3.1%, and his niece Mrs. Patricia Angelini Rossi, who received 2.3%.

Our First Vice-Chairman, Roberto Angelini, owns 15.3% of Inversiones Angelini. He directly owns 0.2% of AntarChile. Through his direct and indirect interests in Inversiones Angelini, AntarChile and Empresas Copec, Roberto Angelini beneficially owns 6.1% of our shares.

Our Chairman, José Tomás Guzmán, owns 1.9% of Inversiones Angelini. Directly and indirectly through Agroforestal e Inversiones Maihue S.A., he owns 4.1% of AntarChile and 2.6% of Empresas Copec. Through his interests in Inversiones Angelini, AntarChile and Empresas Copec, José Tomás Guzmán beneficially owns 2.6% of our shares.

None of our other directors or executive officers beneficially owns 1% or more of our shares.

 

Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS

Our only outstanding voting securities are shares of common stock of a single series, without nominal (par) value. The following table sets forth certain information concerning ownership of our common stock, as of June 21, 2011, with respect to each shareholder known by us to own more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock and all of our directors and executive officers, as a group.

 

     Number of
Shares Owned
     Percentage
Ownership
 

Empresas Copec

     113,127,605         99.98   

Directors and executive officers of the Company, as a group

     —           —     

Through its ownership of our Common Stock, Empresas Copec currently has voting control over us.

Empresas Copec is a Chilean public company listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Valparaíso Stock Exchange and the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange. It is a holding company, the principal interests of which are in Arauco, gasoline distribution, electricity, gas distribution and fishing. Before October 1, 2003, Empresas Copec’s legal name was Compañía de Petróleos de Chile S.A. As of that date, Compañía de Petróleos de Chile S.A. transferred all its gasoline- and fuel-related business assets to a new subsidiary, Compañía de Petróleos de Chile COPEC S.A., which we call COPEC, and changed its legal name to Empresas Copec S.A. In May 2005, AntarChile purchased 3.1 million shares of COPEC, increasing its ownership to 60.4% of Empresas Copec. At December 31, 2010, AntarChile owned 60.8% of Empresas Copec.

Through its ownership in Empresas Copec, AntarChile beneficially owned 60.8% of our shares at December 31, 2010. As of June 21, 2011, AntarChile beneficially owns 60.8% of our shares.

 

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Inversiones Angelini y Compañía Limitada (“Inversiones Angelini”) in turn owns 63.4% of AntarChile’s shares, and certain other related investors own an additional 13.3% of AntarChile. Inversiones Angelini and such other investors are defined herein as the “Angelini Group.”

The principal equity owners of interest in Inversiones Angelini are Mrs. María Noseda Zambra with 31.2%, Mr. Roberto Angelini Rossi with 15.3%, and Mrs. Patricia Angelini Rossi with 14.5%.

As of December 31, 2010, the Angelini Group controls Arauco through the ownership structure described above.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

We engage in a variety of transactions in the ordinary course of business with related parties. Related parties include, among others, directors, officers and affiliates of the Company. The new Title XVI, or “Title XVI”, of the Chilean Companies Act, which was included by Law Nº 20,382 published in the Official Gazette on October 20, 2009, amended among others, articles 44 and 89 of the Chilean Companies Act, establishing the applicable norms for transactions with related parties by and among public corporations and their subsidiaries. Title XVI requires that our transactions with related parties contribute to the company’s interest and be on a market basis or on terms similar to those prevailing in the market. In addition, Title XVI provides that related party transactions must be approved by an informed majority of the disinterested members of the board of directors. If a majority of the disinterested directors abstains from voting on a particular transaction, the transaction must be approved by a unanimous vote of the non-abstaining disinterested directors or by a two-thirds of the shares with voting rights. Resolutions approving any such transactions must be reported to our shareholders at the next annual shareholders’ meeting.

Notwithstanding the above, in accordance with Article 147 of the Chilean Companies Act, our Board has resolved that the following transactions with related parties do not need to follow the procedure set forth in the previous paragraph: (i) transactions which do not involve material amounts; (ii) transactions with affiliates in which we control 95% or more of the equity; and (iii) transactions that are considered by our Board to be performed in the ordinary course of our business in accordance with our general policy of customary dealings, which was approved by our Board on December 29, 2009 and is available to shareholders at our main office and is published on our website, at www.arauco.cl.

Article 146 of the Chilean Companies Act defines related party transactions as negotiations, acts, contracts or transactions between the company and any other person or entity that involve the following:

 

   

directors or officers of a corporation (or their respective spouses and certain other relatives) acting on their own;

 

   

directors or officers of a corporation who have a direct or indirect ownership interest of at least 10% of the equity shares of the other company or are also directors or officers of such other company;

 

   

persons who have been in the last 18 months previous to the transaction, directors or officers of the corporation; and

 

   

“related persons” of the corporation, as defined in article 100 of the Chilean Securities Markets Law.

Article 100 of the Chilean Securities Markets Law establishes that the following are “related persons” to a company: (i) the entities of the corporate group (grupo empresarial) to which such company belongs; (ii) the entities that are either parent company, subsidiary, owners of at least 10% of the equity of a company or other companies in which the company owns at least 10%; (iii) directors or officers of a company (or their respective spouses and certain other relatives); (iv) any person who, individually or with other persons under a voting agreement can designate at least one member of the management of the company or control at least 10% of the capital of such company; and (v) any other person who is indicated as such by the Chilean Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros, in accordance with certain parameters established by the abovementioned Article 100.

 

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Our transactions with affiliates include the following:

 

   

We purchase goods and services that may also be provided by other suppliers. Among the most significant are our fuel purchases from COPEC, a subsidiary of Empresas Copec, our majority shareholder; and

 

   

We purchase port services from our 20.1% affiliate Puerto de Lirquen S.A. and our 50.0% affiliate Compañía Puerto de Coronel S.A.;

 

   

We purchase from EKA Chile, a chlorate sodium supplier, which is 50% controlled by Arauco, and we provide EKA Chile with electricity;

 

   

We purchase from Dynea Brasil, a chemicals and melamine supplier, which, as of April 2010, is now 100% controlled by Arauco, and we provide Dynea Brasil with fuel and services; and

 

   

We obtain legal services from Portaluppi, Guzmán y Bezanilla, a law firm of which two of our directors, José Tomás Guzmán and Manuel Bezanilla, are partners.

Financial information concerning transactions with affiliates is included in Note 11 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

On June 11, 2007, in order to refinance the notes (obligaciones negociables) issued by Alto Paraná S.A. in 2001 (the “APSA Notes”) and other existing debt and to finance capital expenditures in the ordinary course of business, Alto Paraná S.A. issued U.S.$270 million of 6.375% Notes due 2017 in the form of Rule 144A/Regulation S notes sold in the local and international capital markets. Arauco fully and unconditionally guaranteed these notes. Alto Paraná paid down the APSA Notes with the proceeds of the 6.375% Notes.

 

Item 8. Financial Information

See “Item 17—Financial Statements.”

EXPORT SALES

Export sales constituted 76.2% of our sales revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010. Our total export sales revenue for 2010 was U.S.$2,647 million. Our principal overseas markets are Asia, North America and Western Europe. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Description of Business—Domestic and Export Sales.”

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We have been and continue to be subject to environmental proceedings related to allegations by the Chilean environmental regulators and private parties. We are also subject to certain other legal proceedings arising from the ordinary course of our business. For more information regarding the environmental proceedings and other legal proceedings arising from the ordinary course of business, see Note 19 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

Since the end of 2004, we have been subject to various criminal proceedings relating to alleged violations of several environmental laws in Chile, each of which has been either terminated or abandoned by the prosecutor (decisión de no perseverar) as of the date of this annual report. For instance, on October 18, 2010, in a public hearing held before the San José de la Mariquina’s Criminal Court, the prosecutor in charge of the investigation announced its decision to terminate the investigation due to a lack of information or evidence that could support any theory of criminal liability. Such decision has not been challenged.

 

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While Chilean law in general provides that only individuals can be convicted in criminal actions, Chilean Law Nº 20,393, which was published in the Official Gazette on December 2, 2009, provides an exception to this general rule, under which criminal responsibility of legal entities can be established for criminal offenses related to the financing of terrorism, asset laundering or bribery. We do not have knowledge of any fact that could result in such criminal responsibility for the Company.

Valdivia Mill

Our operations at the Valdivia Mill have been subject to continued environmental scrutiny by Chilean environmental regulators and the Chilean public since the mill began its operations in 2004. A variety of concerns and claims have been raised regarding the mill’s potential environmental impacts in the area.

The COREMA for the Tenth Region of Chile evaluated claims regarding the migration and death of black-neck swans, whose habitat in the nearby Carlos Anwandter Nature Sanctuary is downstream from the mill on the Cruces River. There have been allegations of a causal connection between the migration and death of black-neck swans and the operations at the Valdivia mill, and in a study dated April 18, 2005, researchers at the Austral University in Valdivia concluded that wastewater discharges from the Valdivia Mill had significantly altered the quality of the Cruces River. The study also concluded that the effluent discharges were a significant contributing factor in the death or migration of a large population of the black-necked swans in the Carlos Anwandter Nature Sanctuary downstream from the Valdivia Mill. The National Defense Council instituted an action seeking reparations, damages and indemnification from us for environmental harm allegedly caused by the discharges from the Valdivia Mill. In response, we have argued to the court that this action should be rejected, as several studies have demonstrated that there is no relationship between the alleged damages and the operation of the Valdivia Mill.

On June 8, 2005, we voluntarily suspended operations at the Valdivia Mill pending the receipt of legal and technical guidance from the applicable regulatory authorities. We estimate this voluntary suspension resulted in a loss of sales of approximately U.S.$1.0 million per day and a loss of profits of approximately U.S.$250,000 per day. Pursuant to the decision of our board of directors, based on certain clarifications provided by the Environmental Regional Commission (Comisión Regional del Medio Ambiente), or COREMA, of the Tenth Region of Chile, the mill resumed operations on August 12, 2005 at 80% of its authorized production capacity after 64 days of suspended operations. In order to achieve the full production capacity authorized by applicable permits, the mill had to fulfill certain new requirements established by the COREMA. On January 18, 2008, the COREMA authorized the Valdivia Mill to return to its annual authorized production capacity of 550,000 metric tons. The mill gradually increased its production over a four-month period starting in March 2008 and reached full capacity in June 2008. The suspension of operations at the Valdivia Mill adversely affected our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Any future suspension of operations at the Valdivia Mill or at any other of our significant operating plants can be expected to have similar adverse effects. We offer no assurance that the Valdivia Mill will be able to operate without further interruption. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Arauco and the Forestry Industry—Environmental concerns led us to temporarily suspend our operations at the Valdivia Mill, which adversely affected, and in the future may continue to adversely affect, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—Description of Business—Pulp—Pulp mills—Chile—Valdivia Mill.”

In June 2007, we submitted to the COREMA of the Tenth Region of Chile an environmental impact study for the implementation of substantial technological improvements on the quality of the effluents generated by the Valdivia Mill. On June 30, 2008, the COREMA approved that environmental impact study. However, the approval was subject to certain conditions that, in the opinion of Arauco, affected the feasibility of the project. For such reason, Arauco filed an appeal (recurso de reclamación) before the Directive Council (Consejo Directivo) of the Environmental National Commission (Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente), or CONAMA, challenging the conditions. Such appeal (recurso de reclamación) was partially accepted by the CONAMA. However, some of the conditions that affect the feasibility of the project were maintained. As a consequence, on September 17, 2009, we presented another appeal (recurso de reclamación) before the ordinary courts of justice, which appeal has not been resolved as of the date of this annual report.

 

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On February 19, 2009, we submitted to the COREMA of the Fourteenth Region of Chile an environmental impact study for the construction of a pipeline to discharge the Valdivia Mill’s wastewater in the Pacific Ocean near Punta Maiquillahue, that is, in a body of water other than the Cruces River, the Carlos Anwandter Nature Sanctuary or their sources. The pipeline would transport the wastewaters of the Valdivia mill through an extension of 37 kilometers from the Valdivia mill to Punta Maiquillahue and would finally discharge the wastewater two kilometers inside the Pacific Ocean. Such environmental impact study was approved with certain conditions by the COREMA by resolution dated February 24, 2010. We have challenged some of these conditions before the Directive Council (Consejo Directivo) of the CONAMA. As of the date of this annual report, the Directive Council of the CONAMA has not resolved the action presented by us. As stated in the environmental impact study, the construction of this pipeline will commence once (i) the COREMA approves the environmental impact study in its final form, and (ii) all necessary permits for the construction of the pipeline have been issued by the competent authorities. In the environmental impact study, we estimated that the construction of the pipeline will take 24 months. Once the construction of the pipeline has been completed, we will conduct a 6-month trial phase of the pipeline and will then begin normal operations.

Approvals by the COREMA and the judicial courts, as well as the construction and operation of the pipeline are each subject to many environmental, regulatory, engineering and political uncertainties. As a result, we cannot provide any assurances that the projects will be finally approved as requested or completed. If our request for the necessary permits for the construction of the pipeline is rejected, or if the installation of the pipeline is delayed for reasons attributable to us, we may face sanctions that include warnings, fines or the revocation of the Valdivia Mill’s environmental permit for operation. Alternatively, if any rejections or delays are attributable to reasons beyond our control (such as a force majeure or the acts of a third party), we believe that the Chilean environmental authorities should extend the applicable deadlines for the completion of these projects. However, we can provide no assurances that any deadline extensions would be granted, even if we comply with all the requirements that may be set forth by those authorities. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Arauco and the Forestry Industry—Environmental concerns led us to temporarily suspend our operations at the Valdivia Mill, which adversely affected, and in the future may continue to adversely affect, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—Description of Business—Pulp—Pulp mills—Chile—Valdivia Mill.”

As part of the environmental resolution that modified the Valdivia Mill environmental permit in 2005, the COREMA of the Tenth Region asked CONAF to elaborate an Integral Environmental Management Plan for the wetland, which was completed in 2006. The plan concluded that there was a need to develop a Conceptual Ecosystem Model for the wetland. CONAF selected the Science Faculty of the University of Chile to conduct this study.

The study indicated in its second progress report that the disappearance of the “luchecillo,” a water weed that was an important food source of black-necked swans, was likely related to natural causes. Specifically, the study proposed that the disappearance of the “luchecillo” was caused by the convergence of three factors in May 2004: (i) low levels of precipitation, (ii) low levels of water flow in the rivers and the wetland and (iii) three instances in which temperatures reached zero degrees Celsius or lower. According to the study, the simultaneous occurrence of these factors was likely responsible for the disappearance of the “luchecillo” which, in turn, lead to the death and migration of the swans. This second progress report was followed by a final report issued by the Science Faculty of the University of Chile, which was not approved by CONAF.

Nueva Aldea

In January 2001, we obtained environmental approval for the Nueva Aldea Project that included the construction of a pulp mill with an annual production capacity of 550,000 metric tons. After obtaining approval, we determined that we could increase the annual production capacity of the mill to 856,000 tons without an additional environmental impact study. However, the COREMA for the Eighth Region of Chile determined that it was necessary to formally review the difference in capacity before we proceeded with construction, and in August 2004,

 

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we submitted a new environmental impact study that considered the higher capacity. In September 2004, while this new study was under consideration, we began construction of the pulp mill according to the parameters approved in 2001. The COREMA for the Eighth Region of Chile disagreed with our decision and, on January 12, 2005, initiated an administrative proceeding and ordered suspension of construction of the mill until the new environmental impact study was approved.

On March 10, 2005, the COREMA for the Eighth Region of Chile unanimously approved the new study and expressly authorized construction of the mill with installed annual capacity of 856,000 metric tons. We promptly resumed the construction of the pulp mill. The COREMA for the Eighth Region of Chile’s new approval requires submission of a new environmental impact study of the discharge of wastewater through a pipeline into the sea. On February 20, 2006, the COREMA of the Eighth Region of Chile approved this new environmental impact study.

Licancel Mill

In June 2007, our operations at the Licancel Mill, a pulp mill located in the Seventh Region of Chile, became subject to environmental scrutiny by Chilean environmental regulators and the public. On June 5, 2007, in connection with the death of fish in the Mataquito River, approximately 15 kilometers downstream of the mill, we suspended our operations in the Licancel Mill as a preventive measure. In addition, Chilean authorities, including the health authorities and the Superintendencia de Servicios Sanitarios (Sanitary Services Superintendency), required that we suspend activities at the Licancel Mill and that we suspend any further discharges into the river. On June 18, 2007, as a result of a pipe leakage in the effluent treatment system currently in place at the Licancel Mill, an estimated 50 cubic meters of effluents reached the Mataquito River. On that same date, we decided to close the mill indefinitely and informed the Sanitary Services Superintendency of the incident. On October 3, 2007, we requested to the health authority (Autoridad Sanitaria) of the Seventh Region of Chile that it remove the suspension of activities at the Licancel Mill. On October 22, 2007, the health authority of the Seventh Region of Chile removed the suspension and imposed certain conditions relating to our activities in the mill consisting primarily of the implementation of certain emergency detection and control programs and systems, with which we have complied. Furthermore, on November 12, 2007 the Sanitary Services Superintendency removed the suspension regarding the release of discharges by the Licancel Mill. The mill resumed operations during January 2008, using the new effluent treatment system in which we invested U.S.$8 million during 2007.

On September 7, 2007, the National Defense Council instituted a civil lawsuit seeking reparations, damages and indemnification from us for environmental harm allegedly caused by the Licancel Mill. The National Defense Council agreed to terminate this lawsuit pursuant to an agreement with Arauco dated January 29, 2010. However, the resolution that approved the agreement and declared the lawsuit terminated was challenged by certain third parties, which challenge was rejected by the court. Several other proceedings have been commenced as a result of the event at the Licancel Mill, including one proceeding arising from the death of fish at the Mataquito River.

Tax Litigation in Argentina

On December 14, 2007, Argentina’s internal revenue service (AFIP), notified our Argentine subsidiary, Alto Paraná S.A., of a claim for unpaid taxes in the amount of approximately AR $418 million (including principal, interest and penalties), arising from a dispute regarding certain income tax deductions taken by Alto Paraná S.A. in connection with certain debt service payments made beginning in 2001 in respect of outstanding bonds. On February 8, 2010, Argentina’s Tribunal Fiscal de la Nación issued an unfavorable administrative ruling requiring that Alto Paraná S.A. satisfy the abovementioned claim.

Alto Paraná’s legal and tax advisors continue to believe that this claim lacks merit, and as a result, Alto Paraná has appealed the decision to the Court of Appeals. Alto Paraná also filed an injunctive action requesting that the court stay the company’s payment obligation until the appeal has been fully resolved. On May 13, 2010, the Court of Appeals granted the request in exchange for a guarantee by Alto Paraná until the final judgment has been issued.

 

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Tax Litigation in Chile

On August 25, 2005, the Chilean Servicio de Impuestos Internos (the “Chilean IRS”) issued tax calculations No. 184 and No. 185 of 2005 objecting to certain capital reduction transactions effected by Arauco on April 16, 2001 and October 31, 2001, and furthermore, requested reimbursement from the Company for amounts returned to it in respect of certain claimed tax losses. On November 7, 2005, the Company requested a Review of the Supervision Action (Revisión de la Actuación Fiscalizadora, or “RAF”), which is an administrative review of the tax action brought by the Chilean IRS, and subsidiarily, a claim was filed against the abovementioned tax calculations No. 184 and 185 of 2005. The RAF was resolved on January 9, 2009 by the Chilean IRS, which resolution, however, only partially sustained the Company’s request. In response, the Company filed an additional complaint with regard to the portion of the RAF that was not granted by the administrative review. As of the date of this annual report, the investigation in respect of this complaint is pending.

The Company believes that its position in respect of this complaint is supported by solid legal arguments and that there is a reasonable likelihood that this matter will result in a favorable outcome for the Company. However, if this result does not occur, it is possible that an obligation will arise for the amount specified, which was $3,362,265,453 Chilean Pesos, plus any accrued interest as of the payment date.

DIVIDEND POLICY

Chilean law currently requires that, unless otherwise decided by the unanimous vote of our issued and subscribed shares eligible to vote, public corporations distribute a cash dividend in an amount equal to at least 30% of the corporation’s consolidated net income for each year on the basis of IFRS, unless and except to the extent the corporation has unabsorbed losses from prior years. In April 2002, our shareholders approved the current dividend policy, setting the cash dividend at 40% of our consolidated net income for each year which was determined on a Chilean GAAP basis through the year ended December 31, 2008, and as of January 1, 2009, is now determined on an IFRS basis. In accordance with IFRS, the determination of the dividend amount is based on the effective realized profit net of any relevant variations in the value of unrealized assets and liabilities. For information regarding the differences between Chilean GAAP and IFRS, see note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

On November 27, 2007, our board of directors approved a provisory dividend for U.S.$0.95 per share, which was distributed on December 12, 2007 and charged to net income. On April 22, 2008, our shareholders approved a final dividend for 2007, which was distributed on May 7, 2008. On November 25, 2008, our board of directors approved a provisory dividend for U.D.$0.89 per share, which was distributed on December 10, 2008 and charged to net income. On April 23, 2009, our shareholders approved a final dividend for 2008, which was distributed on May 7, 2009. In the aggregate, dividends distributed equaled 40% of our consolidated net income for 2008, on a Chilean GAAP basis. On November 24, 2009, our board of directors approved an interim dividend of U.S.$0.2294 per share, which was distributed on December 11, 2009 and charged to net income. On April 27, 2010, our shareholders approved a final dividend of U.S.$0.5016 per share for 2009, which was distributed on May 11, 2010. In the aggregate, dividends distributed equaled 40% of our consolidated net income for 2009 as determined on an IFRS basis. On November 23, 2010, our board of directors approved an interim dividend of U.S.$0.7557 per share, which was distributed on December 15, 2010 and charged to net income. On April 26, 2011 our shareholders approved a final dividend of U.S.$1.6152 per share for 2010, which was distributed on May 11, 2011. Dividends distributed equaled 40% of our consolidated net income for 2010 as determined on an IFRS basis.

Although the board of directors has no current plans to recommend changes in our dividend policy, the policy has been changed in the past and no assurance can be given that the policy will not be changed in the future, due to changes in Chilean law, capital requirements, operating results or other factors.

 

Item 9. The Offer and Listing

Neither our stock nor our SEC-registered securities are listed on any stock exchange or other regulated market.

Trading in our securities takes place primarily in the over-the-counter market. Accordingly, we are unable to obtain reliable information on such trading.

 

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Item 10. Additional Information

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS

When we refer to the “Company,” “Arauco” or “we,” in this description of the articles of incorporation and by-laws, we mean Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.

Organization and Registration

We are a corporation (sociedad anónima) organized in Chile under the laws of Chile, subject to certain rules applicable to Chilean public corporations (sociedades anónima abiertas) and registered on August 18, 1971, by resolution 300-S of the Chilean Securities Commission and recorded in the Santiago Commercial Register of 1971 on page 6433 under entry number 2994 and on page 6431 under entry number 2993. Notice was published in the Official Gazette on September 4, 1971.

Objects and Purposes

Our purpose, as stated in our by-laws (estatutos), includes the manufacture of forestry products, the management of forestry lands and other activities.

Capital

In 2002, our by-laws were amended such that our capital is denominated in U.S. dollars. In 2002, we and two of our subsidiaries, Aserraderos Arauco and Paneles Arauco, received authorization from the Chilean Internal Tax Service to prepare our audited consolidated financial statements in U.S. dollars, beginning January 1, 2002. In January 1, 2003, our subsidiaries Forestal Arauco, Bosques Arauco, Forestal Valdivia, Forestal Celco and Cholguán obtained the same permission from the Chilean Internal Tax Service.

Directors

Pursuant to our by-laws, our board of directors is composed of nine members elected by a general meeting of our shareholders. Our directors are not required to be shareholders. Our by-laws state that the amount of compensation to be received by the directors for their directorial services shall be fixed by the general shareholders’ meeting. Directors may be compensated for any non-directorial services rendered to us at levels of compensation comparable with compensation commonly paid for these services, compensation which is compatible with the directors’ compensation fixed by the general shareholders’ meeting. The by-laws also state that our board of directors has all of the authorities of administration and disposal that Chilean law or the by-laws do not confer upon the general shareholders’ meeting. The board of directors has the right to act on our behalf without the need for a special power of attorney, even in cases where a power of attorney is required by law. In particular, the by-laws provide that the board of directors is empowered to encumber our assets, real and personal property with mortgages, easements or pledges regardless of the value of such property or the amount of the respective encumbrances and to borrow money paying interest, with or without a guaranty for the loan.

Our by-laws provide that we may enter into acts or contracts in which one or more directors are interested only if the interested director’s interest is made known to the board, the acts or contracts are approved by the board and the terms of the act or contract conform to those prevailing in the market. In addition, board resolutions approving interested director transactions must be reported by the chair of the meeting at the first general shareholders’ meeting following the approval of the interested director transaction.

See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees” for further information about our board of directors.

 

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Shareholders

Our share capital consists of ordinary shares of no par value issued in registered form. Record holders of shares are registered in our share register. Any transfer of shares must be noted in our share register.

Voting Rights

Each share of our stock entitles the holder to one vote at any meeting of shareholders. Resolutions may be taken upon a vote of an absolute majority of the voting shares present or represented. Any resolution relating to amendments to our by-laws must be approved by an absolute majority of the voting shares issued. Resolutions with regard to the following matters, among others, require the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the voting shares issued:

 

   

transformation, including division or merger with another company;

 

   

advanced dissolution;

 

   

change of corporate domicile;

 

   

reduction in our equity capital;

 

   

approval and appraisal of non-cash capital contributions;

 

   

reduction in the number of members of the board of directors;

 

   

the disposal of 50% or more of our assets, whether or not such disposal also includes any of our liabilities; the disposal of 50% or more of the assets of one our subsidiaries, provided that such subsidiary represents at least 20% of our assets; and any disposal of shares by the company that causes us to lose control of a subsidiary that represents at least 20% of our assets; and

 

   

changes to the way in which corporate benefits will be distributed.

According to our by-laws, holders of our shares also have the right to vote at the general shareholders’ meeting for the election of directors. Shareholders or their representatives may accumulate their votes in favor of one candidate or distribute them among various candidates. A vote on the election of directors may be omitted if an election is proposed by acclamation and none of the shareholders present or represented opposes the motion. The board of directors may also be dismissed by a regular or special general shareholders’ meeting, though the shareholders may only vote to dismiss the board as a whole.

Changes to Shareholders’ Rights

To change the rights of holders of our shares or create a new series of our shares, we must amend our by-laws. Any reduction in the number of our shares requires a two-thirds majority vote of all holders of our shares under Chilean law. Chilean law also requires that public corporations distribute a cash dividend in an amount equal to at least 30% of the corporation’s consolidated net income for each year (on an IFRS basis), unless otherwise decided by a unanimous vote of the corporation’s issued and subscribed shares eligible to vote. Any changes to the way in which corporate benefits are distributed must be approved by a two-thirds majority of all holders of the corporation’s shares.

Shareholders’ Meetings

Our by-laws provide that the board of directors shall call general shareholders’ meetings. Notice of general shareholders’ meetings must be made by a prominent notice published at least three times, on different days, in the newspaper of one of our corporate domiciles, as determined by a general shareholders’ meeting, or in the absence of a determination, in the Official Gazette.

 

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A shareholder must be registered in our share register as of the meeting date to be entitled to participate and vote at any shareholders’ meeting. In addition, other persons may represent shareholders at general meetings. Powers of attorney must be given in writing and must be granted with respect to all of the shares the shareholder is entitled to vote as of the date five days before the general shareholders’ meeting.

General shareholders’ meetings may be regular or special meetings. Regular shareholders’ meetings are held once a year within the first four months of the year. Among other things, the regular general shareholders’ meeting appoints independent external auditors to examine our accounts, inventory, balance sheet and other financial results. The by-laws provide that the following matters are to be considered at regular shareholders’ meetings:

 

   

the review of our results of operations and external auditors’ reports and the approval or rejection of our annual report, our balance sheet and financial statements;

 

   

the distribution of profits of each financial period and the distribution of our dividends;

 

   

the election or dismissal of the members of the board of directors; and

 

   

any matter of corporate interest that is not transacted at a special general shareholders’ meeting.

Special shareholders’ meetings may be held at any time required by corporate needs to consider any matter that the law or our by-laws require to be considered at a general shareholders’ meeting. Our by-laws require the meeting notice to disclose any matters to be discussed at a special shareholders’ meeting. According to the by-laws, the following matters must be considered at special shareholders’ meetings:

 

   

dissolution;

 

   

transformation, merger or division and the amendment of our by-laws;

 

   

the issue of bonds or debentures convertible into shares;

 

   

the disposal of 50% or more of our assets, whether or not such disposal also includes any of our liabilities; the disposal of 50% or more of the assets of one our subsidiaries, provided that such subsidiary represents at least 20% of our assets; and any disposal of shares by the company that causes us to lose control of a subsidiary that represents at least 20% of our assets; and

 

   

the grant of real or personal guarantees to secure obligations of third parties, unless they are subsidiaries, in which case the approval of the board of directors will be sufficient.

Any other matters within the competence of general shareholders’ meetings may be considered at special shareholders’ meetings.

Any act of a general shareholders’ meeting relating to our dissolution, transformation, merger or division, the amendment of our by-laws, any disposal of 50% or more of our assets or the issue of bonds convertible into shares or convertible debentures must be held before a notary public, who must certify that the minutes of such meeting are the true expression of what occurred and was resolved at such meeting.

Allocation of Net Income and Distribution of Dividends

Our by-laws provide that the shareholders at a general shareholders’ meeting shall determine the annual distribution of our net profits for each financial period, within the limitations prescribed by law. The shareholders shall also set the date on which any distribution shall be paid, within the time limits prescribed by law. Chilean law prescribes that distributions shall be paid within 30 days of the general shareholders’ meeting at which such distribution was determined.

 

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In accordance with Chilean law, in the event of liquidation, capital can be distributed to the shareholders only after the rights of the creditors have been secured or debts owed to creditors have been paid. Our by-laws provide that a general shareholders’ meeting will appoint one or more liquidators to carry out the liquidation and to call shareholders’ meetings, as required under Chilean law.

Regulation of and Restrictions on Foreign Investors

There are no limitations on the rights to hold securities, including rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on securities.

Disclosure of Shareholder Ownership

We register certain information about our shareholders in our shareholder registry. We are required to disclose this information to the Chilean Securities Commission on a quarterly basis.

Rights of Shareholders

Our by-laws provide that, in the case of a dispute between shareholders or between shareholders and management, the parties will submit their dispute to a mixed arbitrator, who may determine the procedural rules to be used in the arbitration but must issue a final judgment in accordance with Chilean law. Subject to limited exceptions, the arbitrator’s judgment shall not be subject to appeal. The parties shall appoint the arbitrator by mutual agreement and if no agreement is reached, an arbitrator will be appointed by the civil court system from among present and former associate justices of the Supreme Court of Justice of Chile.

EXCHANGE CONTROLS

The Central Bank is responsible for, among other things, monetary policies and exchange controls in Chile. Prior to 1989, Chilean law permitted the purchase and sale of foreign currency only in cases explicitly authorized by the Central Bank. Law No. 18,840, the Organic Law of the Central Bank of Chile (Ley Orgánica Constitucional del Banco Central de Chile), or the Central Bank Act, enacted in 1989, liberalized the rules that govern the ability to buy and sell foreign currency.

The Central Bank Act empowers the Central Bank to determine which types of foreign exchange operations must be carried out in the Formal Exchange Market rather than the Informal Exchange Market (Mercado Cambiario Informal). The Central Bank has ruled that certain foreign exchange transactions, including those attendant to foreign investments and bond issuances, may be effected only in the Formal Exchange Market. The Central Bank may also impose restrictions on foreign exchange operations that are conducted or are required to be conducted in the Formal Exchange Market. These restrictions may include the requirement of prior authorization from the Central Bank, the imposition of reserve requirements and the limitation of foreign exchange operations that may be conducted by the entities that participate in the Formal Exchange Market.

The Formal Exchange Market consists of banks and other entities authorized by the Central Bank to participate in such Formal Exchange Market. On April 16, 2001, the Central Bank agreed that, effective April 19, 2001, the prior foreign exchange restrictions would be eliminated and a new Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations (Compendio de Normas de Cambios Internacionales) would be applied.

The main objective of this change was to facilitate capital movements from and into Chile and to encourage foreign investment.

The following specific restrictions were eliminated:

 

   

a reserve requirement with the Central Bank for a period of one year;

 

   

the requirement for prior approval by the Central Bank for certain operations, such as repatriation of investments and payments to foreign creditors;

 

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the mandatory return of foreign currencies to Chile; and

 

   

the mandatory conversion of foreign currencies into Chilean pesos.

Under the amended regulations, only the following limitations are applicable to these operations:

 

   

the Central Bank must be provided with information related to certain operations, such as foreign investments and foreign credits; and

 

   

certain operations, such as money transfers to and from Chile related to foreign investments and foreign credits, must be conducted within the Formal Exchange Market.

International Issue of Bonds

Before April 19, 2001, any international issue of bonds was subject to approval by the Central Bank after submission of an application to the Central Bank through a bank or other participant in the Formal Exchange Market. Absent the Central Bank’s authorization, issuers were unable to offer bonds outside of Chile. On April 19, 2001, the Central Bank issued new foreign exchange regulations, effective as of March 1, 2002, that were included in the new Chapters XIV and VIII of the Compendium, applicable to bond issues made either from Chile or through an agency abroad. It must be noted however, that all debt issues made before the new regulations remain subject to the regulations existing at the time of their issue.

Debt securities issued directly by us

In accordance with the regulations issued by the Central Bank, which are included in the new Chapter XIV of the Compendium, any international issue of bonds in an aggregate amount exceeding U.S.$1,000,000 must be registered and dated by the Central Bank or by a bank or other entity authorized by the Central Bank to participate in the Formal Exchange Market before the proceeds from the issuance can be remitted to Chile and received by the issuer or simultaneously with the remittance into Chile of such proceeds. The issuer must submit forms regarding the offering to the registering entity or directly to the Central Bank, along with a letter of instructions indicating whether it prefers to receive the proceeds in Chilean pesos or in a foreign currency. If presented through a Formal Exchange Market entity, such entity must, in turn, verify that the forms submitted by the issuer are in accordance with the documentation relating to the issue and inform the Central Bank of the operation no later than 11:00 a.m. on the banking business day following the date on which the proceeds of the issue are transferred to the issuer.

If the issuer opts to receive the proceeds of the issue outside of Chile, it must report this to the Central Bank directly or through a Formal Exchange Market entity during the first ten calendar days of the month following the one in which the proceeds were received.

Chapter XIV of the Compendium also states that proceeds from the issue, as well as payment of capital and interest relating to the issue, must be received and sent from and through the Formal Exchange Market, but purchases of U.S. dollars in connection with payments on debt securities issued directly by us can be made either in the Formal or in the Informal Exchange Market. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to purchase U.S. dollars in the Informal Exchange Market or in the Formal Exchange Market at the time or in the amounts required to pay debt service related to any such debt securities. There can also be no assurance that further Central Bank regulations or legislative changes to the current foreign exchange control regime in Chile would not restrict or prevent our purchase of U.S. dollars to make payments under our securities.

In the case of debt securities issued directly by us before the effectiveness of the new regulations, the registration of the debt securities with the Central Bank grants us access to the Formal Exchange Market for the purchase of U.S. dollars necessary to make payments in respect of those securities but requires that payments on such debt securities shall be made only with U.S. dollars purchased in the Formal Exchange Market.

We will also be required to inform the Central Bank quarterly of the outstanding amounts due under our securities and from time to time of any information that has been previously filed.

 

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The regulations of Chapter XIV of the Compendium do not make any reference to the one-year mandatory deposit in the Central Bank that was previously required by Chapter XIV. However, the Central Bank is authorized, under the Central Bank Act, to impose such a requirement.

Debt securities issued through our Panamanian agency

In December 1996, we established a registered agency in Panama. We may from time to time issue debt securities directly or through our Panamanian agency depending on, among other factors, whether or not we expect to bring the proceeds thereof into Chile. In such cases, the proceeds of such issuance of the notes may be brought into Chile or held abroad. In either case, however, in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Compendium, we were required to inform the Central Bank of the issuance of international bonds through our Panamanian agency during the first ten calendar days of the month following the one in which the disbursement of funds to the agency was produced, and provide the schedule of payments of the notes. On December 27, 2007, the requirement to provide such information to the Central Bank was eliminated. We will no longer be required to inform the Central Bank of future issuances of bonds made through our Panamanian agency.

Purchases of U.S. dollars in connection with payments on debt securities issued through our Panamanian agency, whether before or after April 19, 2001, can be made either in the Formal Exchange Market or in the Informal Exchange Market. Although we were required to inform the Central Bank of the issuance of debt securities through our Panamanian agency, such communication to the Central Bank did not give us access to the Formal Exchange Market for the purchase of U.S. dollars necessary to make payments in respect of those debt securities.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to purchase U.S. dollars in the Informal Exchange Market or in the Formal Exchange Market at the time or in the amounts required to pay debt service related to any such debt securities. There can also be no assurance that further Central Bank regulations or legislative changes to the current foreign exchange control regime in Chile and will not restrict or prevent our purchase of U.S. dollars to make payments under our securities from Chile.

TAXATION

General

The following summary contains a description of the principal Chilean and United States federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our securities, but it does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all the tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision to purchase our securities. This summary does not describe any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, locality or taxing jurisdiction other than the United States and Chile.

This summary is based on the tax laws of Chile and the United States as in effect on the date of this Form 20-F, as well as regulations, rulings and decisions of Chile and the United States available on or before such date and now in effect. All of the foregoing is subject to change, and any changes could apply retroactively and could affect the continued validity of this summary.

Prospective purchasers of our securities should consult their own tax advisors as to the Chilean, United States or other tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our securities, including, in particular, the application to their particular situations of the tax considerations discussed below, as well as the application of state, local, foreign or other tax laws.

Chile and the United States have executed an income and capital tax treaty for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion, but this treaty is not in effect, and its effectiveness is contingent upon ratification in the United States Senate and by the Chilean Congress. At this time it is not clear when the United States Senate and the Chilean Congress will consider ratification, and therefore the effective date of the treaty is uncertain.

 

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Chilean Taxation

The following is a general summary of the principal consequences under Chilean tax law, as currently in effect, of an investment in our securities made by a foreign holder. Foreign holder means either:

 

   

in the case of an individual, a person who neither is a resident nor is domiciled in Chile. For Chilean tax purposes, an individual is domiciled in Chile if such individual has his or her principal place of business in Chile. The individual will be considered as a resident if she or he stays in Chile for more than six months in one calendar year or a total of more than six months in two consecutive fiscal years; or

 

   

in the case of a legal entity, a legal entity that is not organized under the laws of Chile, unless our securities are assigned to a branch or a permanent establishment of such entity in Chile.

Under Chile’s income tax law, our payments of interest made from Chile in respect of our securities to a foreign holder will generally be subject to a Chilean withholding tax assessed at a rate of 4.0% (the “Chilean Interest Withholding Tax”).

We have agreed, subject to specific exceptions and limitations, to pay to the foreign holders of notes additional amounts in respect of the Chilean Interest Withholding Tax in order to ensure that the interest amount the foreign holder receives is net of Chilean Interest Withholding Tax. If we pay additional amounts in respect of the Chilean Interest Withholding Tax, any tax refunds in respect of these amounts will be for the benefit of the company. In the event that certain changes in Chilean tax laws require us to pay additional interest amounts in respect of the Chilean Interest Withholding Tax at a rate in excess of 4.0%, we have the right to redeem our securities.

Under existing Chilean law and regulations, a foreign holder will not be subject to any Chilean taxes in respect of payments of principal that we make with respect to our securities. Our payments with respect to our securities of amounts not considered principal or interest may be subject to a Chilean withholding tax of up to 35%.

The Chilean Income Tax Law provides that a foreign holder is subject to income tax on his Chilean source income. For this purpose, Chilean source income means earnings from activities developed in Chile or goods located in the country. According to the Chilean Income Tax Law, the source of interest income corresponds to the residence country of the debtor. Under these rules, the capital gain realized on the sale or other disposition by a foreign holder of our securities will be generally subject to taxes on capital gain.

A foreign holder will not be liable for gift, inheritance or similar taxes with respect to its holdings unless the securities held by a foreign holder:

 

   

are located in Chile at the time of such foreign holder’s death, or

 

   

are located outside of Chile, but were purchased or acquired with funds derived from Chilean source income.

A foreign holder should not be liable for Chilean stamp, registration or similar taxes.

The issue of our securities directly by us was subject to the Chilean stamp tax, which we paid. The issue of our securities through our Panamanian Branch was not subject to a stamp tax.

United States Taxation

This summary of certain United States federal income tax considerations deals principally with United States Holders that acquired our securities as part of the initial offering of our securities, hold our securities as capital assets and whose functional currency is the United States dollar. It does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular investor, and generally does not

 

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address the tax treatment of United States Holders that may be subject to special tax rules, such as banks, financial institutions, tax-exempt entities, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, insurance companies, partnerships and partners therein, dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities electing to mark to market, certain short-term holders of our securities, persons that will hold our securities as a position in a “straddle” or conversion transaction, or as part of a “synthetic security” or other integrated financial transaction, persons that own (or are deemed to own for United States tax purposes) 10% or more of our voting stock or persons that are not United States Holders. United States Holders should be aware that the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding our securities may be materially different for investors described in the previous sentence, including as a result of certain laws applicable to investors with short holding periods or that engage in hedging transactions.

As used under this section “United States Taxation,” the term “United States Holder” means a beneficial owner of a Note that is a citizen or resident of the United States or a United States domestic corporation or that otherwise is subject to United States federal income taxation on a net income basis in respect of our securities.

Taxation of Interest and Additional Amounts

A United States Holder will treat the gross amount of interest and Additional Amounts (i.e., without reduction for Chilean Interest Withholding Tax, determined utilizing the 4.0% Chilean Interest Withholding Tax rate applicable to all United States Holders of our securities) as ordinary interest income in respect of our securities at the time that such payments are accrued or are received, in accordance with the United States Holder’s method of tax accounting. Any Chilean Interest Withholding Tax paid will be treated as foreign income taxes eligible for credit against such United States Holder’s United States federal income tax liability, subject to generally applicable limitations and conditions, or, at the election of such United States Holder, for deduction in computing such United States Holder’s taxable income. Interest and Additional Amounts will constitute income from sources outside the United States for foreign tax credit purposes. Such income generally will constitute “passive category income.” Foreign tax credits will not be allowed for withholding taxes imposed in respect of certain short-term or hedged positions in securities and may not be allowed for withholding taxes imposed in respect of arrangements in which a United States Holder’s expected economic profit is insubstantial. United States Holders should consult their own advisors concerning the implications of these rules in light of their particular circumstances.

The calculation of foreign tax credits and, in the case of a United States Holder that elects to deduct foreign taxes, the availability of deductions, involves the application of rules that depend on a United States Holder’s particular circumstances. United States Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of foreign tax credits and the treatment of Additional Amounts.

A Holder of our securities that is, with respect to the United States, a foreign corporation or a nonresident alien individual (a “Non-U.S. Holder”) generally will not be subject to United States federal income or withholding tax on interest income or Additional Amounts earned in respect of our securities, unless such income is effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business in the United States.

Taxation of Dispositions

Gain or loss realized by a United States Holder on the sale, redemption or other disposition of our securities generally will be treated as capital gain or loss and such gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if at the time of the disposition, our securities have been held for more than one year. The net amount of long-term capital gain realized by a United States Holder that is an individual is generally taxed at a reduced rate. Gain, if any, realized by a United States Holder generally will be treated as U.S. source income for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes.

A Non-U.S. Holder of our securities will not be subject to United States federal income or withholding tax on gain realized on the sale or other disposition of our securities unless (i) such gain is effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business in the United States or (ii) in the case of gain realized by an individual Non-U.S. Holder, the Non-U.S. Holder is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale and certain other conditions are met.

 

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Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

Payments of principal, premium, if any, and interest on our securities and payment of the proceeds of any disposition of our securities made to certain United States Holders may be subject to U.S. information reporting requirements. In addition, certain United States Holders may be subject to a U.S. backup withholding tax in respect of such payments if they do not provide their taxpayer identification numbers to the payor or otherwise establish an exemption. Non-U.S. Holders generally are exempt from these withholding and reporting requirements, but may be required to comply with applicable certification and identification procedures to establish their eligibility for such an exemption.

DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY

We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In accordance with these requirements, we file reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These materials, including this Annual Report and the exhibits thereto, may be inspected and copied at the Commission’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of the materials may be obtained from the Public Reference Room at the Commission at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549 at prescribed rates. In addition, the Commission maintains an Internet website at http://www.sec.gov, from which these materials may be electronically accessed. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Commission’s Public Reference Room by calling the Commission in the United States at 1-800-SEC-0330.

 

Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The following discussion about our risk management activities includes forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements.

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates. From time to time, we assess our exposure and monitor opportunities to manage these risks, including entering into derivative contracts. In the normal course of business, we also face risks that are either non-financial or non-quantifiable. Such risks principally include country risk, credit risk and legal risk and are not represented in the tables below.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk exists principally with respect to our indebtedness that bears interest at floating rates. At December 31, 2010, we had outstanding U.S.$3,388.7 million of long-term indebtedness, excluding accrued interest, of which 89.8% bore interest at fixed interest rates and 10.2% bore interest at floating rates of interest. These average rates do not reflect the effect of swap agreements. 79.6% of the indebtedness was denominated in U.S. dollars as of that date. The interest rate on our variable rate debt is determined principally by reference to LIBOR.

The following table summarizes our long-term debt obligations, including 2010 maturities, at December 31, 2010. These obligations are sensitive to changes in interest rates. The table presents the aggregate principal amount of each category of indebtedness maturing in each year, at the weighted average interest rate for each category of indebtedness. Average interest rates for liabilities are calculated based on the prevailing interest rate for each loan at December 31, 2010.

 

     Average
Interest
Rate
    2011      2012      2013      2014      2015      Thereafter      Total Long
Term Debt
     Fair
Value
 

Long-Term Interest Bearing Debt

                         

Fixed Rate

                         

(U.S.$-denominated)

     6.34     387.0            300.0            370.0         1,295.4         2,352.4         2,528.3   

(UF-denominated)

     3.60        15.3         15.3         107.0            550.1         687.7         695.0   

(R$-denominated)

     3.28     0.9         0.1         0.1         0.1         0.1         0.1         1.5         1.4   

Variable Rate

                         

(U.S.$ denominated) LIBOR

     0.66     58.3         82.3         82.3         48.0         48.0         24.0         342.3         333.8   

(RS$-denominated) TJLP +

     9.63     0.1         0.1         0.1         0.1            3.7         4.2         8.6   
                                                                         

Total

       446.3         97.8         397.8         155.1         418.1         1,873.4         3,388.7         3,567.1   

 

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Foreign currency risk

Our principal exchange rate risk involves changes in the value of the Chilean peso and, to a lesser extent, the Brazilian real, the Argentine peso and the euro relative to the dollar. We generally believe that our foreign currency exposure is not material to our net income. We estimate that a majority of our consolidated costs and expenses are denominated in dollars. As of December 31, 2010:

 

   

68% of our accounts receivable were denominated in U.S. dollars and 17% in Chilean pesos;

 

   

49% of our cash and short-term investments were denominated in U.S. dollars, 39% were denominated in Chilean pesos and 7% in euros;

 

   

a significant portion of our indebtedness was denominated in U.S. dollars; and

 

   

a significant portion of our consolidated total assets was denominated in U.S. dollars.

Substantially all of our foreign currency-denominated revenues, costs and expenses, receivables and indebtedness are denominated in U.S. dollars. As of December 31, 2010, 79.5% of our long-term debt was denominated in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, variations in the value of the Chilean peso relative to the U.S. dollar will not have a significant effect in the cost in U.S. dollars of our foreign debt service obligations.

Commodity risk

Prices for pulp and forestry and wood products can fluctuate significantly, and our sales revenue is highly sensitive to fluctuations in such prices. As of December 31, 2010, we were not party to any commodity hedging arrangements.

 

Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

Not applicable.

 

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PART II

 

Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

None.

 

Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

None.

 

Item 15. Controls and Procedures

(a) Disclosure controls and procedures. We carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as of December 31, 2010. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon our evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures, as of December 31, 2010, were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) Management’s annual report on internal controls and procedures. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2010.

 

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(c) Attestation Report of the registered public accounting firm. Not applicable.

(d) Changes in internal controls over financial reporting. There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during 2010 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert

We do not have an audit committee. Accordingly, certain rules under the U.S. federal securities laws that would otherwise apply to the audit committee apply to our board of directors as a whole. We believe that the members of our board of directors have sufficient financial and other experience to perform their responsibilities under these rules. Our board of directors has determined that Timothy C. Purcell qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of Item 16A of Form 20-F. Our board of directors has determined that Timothy C. Purcell is independent as that term is defined in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. For a description of Mr. Purcell’s professional experience, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Directors and Executive Officers.”

 

Item 16B. Code of Ethics

We have adopted a code of ethics, as defined in Item 16B of Form 20-F under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our code of ethics applies to all of our employees, including, but not limited to, our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Comptroller Director. We will provide any person without charge, upon request, a copy of such code of ethics. Requests for a copy of the code of ethics may be made to Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A., El Golf 150, 14th Floor, Santiago, Chile, Attn: Gianfranco Truffello, tel. (011-562) 461-7200, fax (011-562) 461-7541. Our code of ethics is also published on our website at www.arauco.cl. If we amend the provisions of our code of ethics that apply to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, or if we grant any waiver of such provisions, we will disclose the amendment or waiver in our annual report on Form 20-F.

 

Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Audit and Non-Audit Fees

The following table sets forth the fees billed to us by our independent auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers, during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010.

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2009      2010  
     (U.S.$ in thousands)  

Audit fees

   $ 1,589       $ 1,719   

Audit-related fees

     166         90   

Tax fees

     220         314   

Other fees

     13         0   
                 

Total fees

   $ 1,988       $ 2,123   
                 

Audit fees in the above table are the aggregate fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers in connection with the audit of our annual financial statements in accordance with IFRS, as well as the review of other filings.

 

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Audit-related fees in the above table are the aggregate fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements or that are traditionally performed by the external auditor, including consultations regarding the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, due diligence related to acquisitions and review of offering memorandums prepared in connection with the issuance of debt under Rule 144A.

Tax fees in the above table are fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers associated with the issuance of certificates for tax and legal compliance purposes in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay; and tax consultation in the United States, Mexico and Uruguay.

Other fees in the above table are fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers in connection with training services and consultations in International Financial Reporting Standards.

Audit Committee Approval Policies and Procedures

Our board of directors has established pre-approval policies and procedures for the engagement of our independent auditors. Pursuant to our pre-approval policy, our board of directors has pre-approved a list of services that our independent auditors are allowed to provide to us or our subsidiaries.

Additionally, our board of directors expressly approves, on a case-by-case basis, any engagement of our independent auditors for audit and non-audit services that are not included on the pre-approved list.

 

Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

Not applicable.

 

Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

Not applicable.

 

Item 16F. Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

Not applicable.

 

Item 16G. Corporate Governance

Not applicable. Neither our stock nor our SEC-registered securities are listed on any stock exchange or other regulated market.

 

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PART III

 

Item 17. Financial Statements

Not applicable.

 

Item 18. Financial Statements

Our audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB, and are included in this annual report beginning at page F-1.

 

Item 19. Exhibits

Documents filed as exhibits to this annual report:

 

  1.1    English translation of the by-laws (estatutos) of Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A., dated as of April 29, 2010
  8.1    List of subsidiaries
12.1    Certification of chief executive officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
12.2    Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
13.1    Certification of chief executive officer and principal financial officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Omitted from the exhibits filed with this annual report are certain instruments and agreements with respect to our long-term debt, none of which authorizes securities in a total amount that exceeds 10% of our total assets. We hereby agree to furnish to the SEC copies of any such omitted instruments or agreements as the SEC requests.

 

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The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 

CELULOSA ARAUCO Y CONSTITUCIÓN S.A.

By:

 

/s/ Matías Domeyko

 

Matías Domeyko

Chief Executive Officer

Date: June 22, 2011


Table of Contents

Index of Exhibits

 

  1.1    English translation of the by-laws (estatutos) of Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A., dated as of April 29, 2010
  8.1    List of subsidiaries
12.1    Certification of chief executive officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
12.2    Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
13.1    Certification of chief executive officer and principal financial officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002


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INDEX

 

     Page  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     F-1   

Consolidated Balance Sheets

     F-2   

Consolidated Statements of Income

     F-3   

Comprehensive Income Statements

     F-4   

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Equity

     F-5   

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows-Direct Method

     F-6   

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

     F-7   

 

F-i


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LOGO

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010 in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers

Santiago, Chile

March 4, 2011

 

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

    

Note

   12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Assets

        

Current Assets

        

Cash and cash equivalents

   4      1,043,834         534,199   

Other financial current assets

   23      2,909         8,426   

Other current non-financial assets

        177,140         118,133   

Trade and Other receivables-net

   23      774,289         558,441   

Related party receivables

   13      18,074         16,327   

Inventories

   3      727,535         620,058   

Biological assets, current

   20      344,096         310,832   

Tax receivables

        50,131         105,897   

Total Current Assets other tan assets or disposal groups classified as held for sale or as held for distribution to owners

        3,138,008         2,272,313   

Non-Current Assets or disposal groups classified as held for sale

   22      14,108         0   

Non-Current Assets or disposal groups classified as held for sale or as held for distribution to owners

        14,108         0   

Total Current Assets

        3,152,116         2,272,313   

Other non-current financial assets

   23      65,372         29,078   

Other non-current and non-financial assets

        52,352         35,196   

Investment in associates accounted for using equity method

   15      498,204         476,101   

Intangible assets

   19      11,127         11,154   

Goodwill

        66,231         63,776   

Property, plant and equipment

   7      5,088,745         4,969,753   

Biological assets, non-current

   20      3,446,862         3,446,696   

Deferred tax assets

   6      125,323         109,760   

Total non-current assets

        9,354,216         9,141,514   

Total Assets

        12,506,332         11,413,827   

Liabilities

        

Current Liabilities

        

Other financial liabilities, current

   23      554,673         535,557   

Trade and Other payables

   23      362,182         321,892   

Related party payables

   13      9,209         10,136   

Other provisions, current

   18      5,842         5,169   

Tax liabilities

        62,887         2,202   

Current provision for employee benefits

   10      3,312         2,372   

Other current financial liabilities

   25      210,956         74,085   

Total current liabilities other than liabilities included in disposal groups classified as held for sale

        1,209,061         951,413   

Total Current Liabilities

        1,209,061         951,413   

Non-Current Liabilities

        

Other non-current financial liabilities

        2,909,429         2,678,010   

Other non-current provisions

   18      7,609         9,463   

Deferred tax liabilities

   6      1,369,489         1,256,090   

Non-current provision for employee benefits

   10      35,964         25,295   

Other non-current financial liabilities

        134,205         111,123   

Total non-current liabilities

        4,456,696         4,079,981   

Total liabilities

        5,665,757         5,031,394   

Net Equity

        

Issued capital stock

        353,176         353,176   

Accumulated earnings

        6,320,264         5,893,799   

Other reserves

        58,754         21,618   

Net equity attributable to parent company

        6,732,194         6,268,593   

Non-controlling interest

        108,381         113,840   

Total net equity

        6,840,575         6,382,433   

Total net equity and liabilities

        12,506,332         11,413,827   

 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 

    

Note

   January-December  
      2010
ThU.S.$
    2009
ThU.S.$
    2008
ThU.S.$
 

Income Statement

         

Revenue

   9      3,788,354        3,113,045        3,713,893   

Cost of sales

        (2,298,191     (2,152,535     (2,331,854

Gross Income

        1,490,163        960,510        1,382,039   

Other operating income

   2      378,188        181,383        104,270   

Distribution costs

   2      (379,579     (388,535     (455,197

Administrative expenses

   2      (323,916     (249,340     (259,025

Other operating expenses

   2      (50,642     (59,681     (50,782

Other income (loss)

        292        64,102        (444

Financial income

        22,154        19,313        19,408   

Financial costs

   2      (213,912     (193,872     (175,241

Participation in (loss) income in associates and joint ventures accounted through equity method

   15      (7,693     6,621        5,839   

Exchange rate differences

        (16,288     17,632        (67,778

Income before income tax

        898,767        358,133        503,089   

Income tax

   6      (198,018     (53,537     (98,044

Income from continuing operations

        700,749        304,596        405,045   

Net Income

        700,749        304,596        405,045   

Income attributable to equity holders

         

Income attributable to parent company

        694,750        300,898        399,566   

Income attributable to non-parent company

        5,999        3,698        5,479   

Net Income

        700,749        304,596        405,045   

Basic earnings per share

         

Earnings per share from continuing operations

        0.0061399        0.0026592        0.0035796   

Basis earnings per share

        0.0061399        0.0026592        0.0035796   

Earnings per diluted shares

         

Earnings per diluted share from continuing operations

        0.0061399        0.0026592        0.0035796   

Basic earnings per diluted share

        0.0061399        0.0026592        0.0035796   

 

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COMPREHENSIVE INCOME STATEMENTS

 

    

Note

   January-December  
      2010
ThU.S.$
    2009
ThU.S.$
    2008
ThU.S.$
 

Net Income

        700,749        304,596        405,045   

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

         

Exchange difference on conversion

         

Gain (loss) for exchange differences, before tax

   11      47,070        177,480        (148,469

Cash flow hedges

         

Gain (loss) for cash flow hedges, before tax

        (11,155     (5,807     0   

Participation in Other comprehensive income in associates and joint ventures accounted for using equity method

        1,247        1,902        (3,015

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

        37,162        173,575        (151,484

Comprehensive income statement

         

Income tax related to Other comprehensive income

         

Income tax related to Cash flow hedges on Other comprehensive income

        1,896        987        0   

Other comprehensive income

        39,058        174,562        (151,484

Total comprehensive income

        739,807        479,158        253,561   

Comprehensive Income Statement attributable to:

         

Comprehensive income statement attributable to parent company

        731,886        461,754        260,328   

Comprehensive income statement attributable to controlling interest

        7,921        17,404        (6,767

Total comprehensive income

        739,807        479,158        253,561   

 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN NET EQUITY

 

12/31/2010

   Share
Capital
ThU.S.$
     Conversion
Reserves
ThU.S.$
    Hedge
Reserves
ThU.S.$
    Other
Reserves
ThU.S.$
    Other
Reserves

Total
ThU.S.$
    Accumulated
Earnings
ThU.S.$
    Equity
attributable
to Parent
Company
ThU.S.$
    Non-
controlling
interest
ThU.S.$
    Equity Total
ThU.S.$
 

Opening balance at 01/01/2010

     353,176         27,551        (4,820     (1,113     21,618        5,893,799        6,268,593        113,840        6,382,433   

Changes in equity

                   

Comprehensive income statement

                   

Net income

     0         0        0        0        0        694,750        694,750        5,999        700,749   

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

     0         45,148        (9,259     1,247        37,136        0        37,136        1,922        39,058   

Comprehensive income

     0         45,148        (9,259     1,247        37,136        694,750        731,886        7,921        739,807   

Dividends

     0         0        0        0        0        (268,285     (268,285     (13,380     (281,665

Total Changes in equity

     0         45,148        (9,259     1,247        37,136        426,465        463,601        (5,459     458,142   

Closing balance at 12/31/2010

     353,176         72,699        (14,079     134        58,754        6,320,264        6,732,194        108,381        6,840,575   

12/31/2009

   Share
Capital
ThU.S.$
     Conversion
Reserves
ThU.S.$
    Hedge
Reserves
ThU.S.$
    Other
Reserves
ThU.S.$
    Other
Reserves

Total
ThU.S.$
    Accumulated
Earnings
ThU.S.$
    Equity
attributable
to Parent
Company
ThU.S.$
    Non-
controlling
interest
ThU.S.$
    Equity Total
ThU.S.$
 

Opening balance at 01/01/2009

     353,176         (136,223     0        (3,015     (139,238     5,675,616        5,889,554        117,682        6,007,236   

Changes in equity

                   

Comprehensive income statement

                   

Net income

     0         0        0        0        0        300,898        300,898        3,698        304,596   

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

     0         163,774        (4,820     1,902        160,856        0        160,856        13,706        174,562   

Comprehensive income

     0         163,774        (4,820     1,902        160,856        300,898        461,754        17,404        479,158   

Dividends

     0         0        0        0        0        (82,715     (82,715     (21,246     (103,961

Total Changes in equity

     0         163,774        (4,820     1,902        160,856        218,183        379,039        (3,842     375,197   

Closing balance at 12/31/2009

     353,176         27,551        (4,820     (1,113     21,618        5,893,799        6,268,593        113,840        6,382,433   

12/31/2008

   Share
Capital
ThU.S.$
     Conversion
Reserves
ThU.S.$
    Hedge
Reserves
ThU.S.$
    Other
Reserves
ThU.S.$
    Other
Reserves

Total
ThU.S.$
    Accumulated
Earnings
ThU.S.$
    Equity
attributable
to Parent
Company
ThU.S.$
    Non-
controlling
interest
ThU.S.$
    Equity Total
ThU.S.$
 

Opening balance at 01/01/2008

     353,176         0        0        0        0        5,465,431        5,818,607        144,772        5,963,379   

Changes in equity

                   

Comprehensive income statement

                   

Net income

     0         0        0        0        0        399,566        399,566        5,479        405,045   

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

     0         (136,223     0        (3,015     (139,238     0        (139,238     (12,246     (151,484

Comprehensive income

     0         (136,223     0        (3,015     (139,238     399,566        260,328        (6,767     253,561   

Dividends

     0         0        0        0        0        (189,381     (189,381     (20,323     (209,704

Total Changes in equity

     0         (136,223     0        (3,015     (139,238     210,185        70,947        (27,090     43,857   

Closing balance at 12/31/2008

     353,176         (136,223     0        (3,015     (139,238     5,675,616        5,889,554        117,682        6,007236   

 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS-DIRECT METHOD

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2008
ThU.S.$
 

Cash Flows from (used in) Operating Activities

      

Classes of cash receipts from operating activities

      

Receipts from sales of goods and rendering of services

     3,984,173        3,675,727        3,926,137   

Receipts from premiums and claims, annuities and other policy benefits

     292,240        0        0   

Other cash receipts from operating activities

     172,278        147,533        185,779   

Classes of cash payments

      

Payments to suppliers for goods and services

     (2,877,218     (2.785.842     (2,891,042

Payments to and behalf of employees

     (263,151     (190,821     (186,925

Other cash payments from operating activities

     (2,338     (3,915     (3,827

Dividends received

     6,353        17,084        5,797   

Interest paid

     (190,351     (152,343     (162,223

Interest received

     6,528        18,601        18,729   

Income taxes refund (paid)

     10,964        8,675        (110,546

Other (outflows) inflows of cash, net

     (2,203     16,326        (12,143

Net Cash flows from Operating Activities

     1,137,275        751,025        769,736   

Cash flows from (used in) Investing Activities

      

Cash flows from losing control of subsidiaries or other businesses

     0        7        0   

Cash flows used to obtain control of subsidiaries or other businesses

     (6,977     (174,111     0   

Cash flows used to purchase in associates

     (8,000     0        (10,353

Other cash payments to acquire equity or debt instruments of other entities

     (39,559     (128,279     0   

Capital contributions to joint ventures

     0        (51,225     0   

Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment

     8,669        4,006        1,152   

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

     (516,001     (275,151     (310,260

Purchase of intangible assets

     (1,594     (1,378     (1,279

Proceeds from sale of other financial assets

     1,471        2,185        2,241   

Purchase of biological assets

     (116,191     (92,002     (146,359

Cash receipts from repayment of advances and loans made to other parties

     10,559        0        0   

Other outflows of cash, net

     (1,791     (1,343     (1,873

Cash flows used in Investing Activities

     (669,414     (717,291     (466,731

Cash flows from (used in) Financing Activities

      

Long-term Loans

     612,403        1,181,963        826,162   

Short-term

     212,865        0        0   

Total Loans

     825,268        1,181,963        826,162   

Loan repayments

     (634,146     (746,531     (887,058

Dividends paid

     (158,781     (135,175     (317,588

Other inflows of cash, net

     1,511        2,115        0   

Cash flows from (used in) Financing Activities

     33,852        302,372        (378,484

Net increase (decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents before effect of exchange rate changes

     501,713        336,106        (75,479

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     7,922        30,785        (25,085

Net increase (decrease) of Cash and Cash equivalents

     509,635        366,891        (100,564

Cash and cash equivalents, at the beginning of the period

     534,199        167,308        267,872   

Cash and cash equivalents, at the end of the period

     1,043,834        534,199        167,308   

 

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NOTE 1. PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (IAS 1)

Entity Information

Name of Reporting Entity

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. (Arauco), Tax No. 93,458,000-1, Closed Company, was registered in the Securities Registry (the “Registry”) of the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance (the “Superintendency”) as No. 042 on June 14, 1982. Forestal Cholguán S.A., a subsidiary of Arauco, is also registered on the Registry as No. 030. Arauco is controlled by Empresas Copec S.A., which owns 99.9779% of Arauco, and is registered in the Registry as No. 0028. Each of the above companies is subject to audit by the Superintendency.

The Company’s head office address is El Golf Avenue 150, floor 14, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. and subsidiaries (hereinafter “Arauco”) is principally engaged in the production and sale of forestry and wood products. Its main operations are focused on the following business areas: Pulp, Plywood and fiberboard panels, Sawn Timber and Forestry.

The current controllers of the Company are Mrs. Maria Noseda Zambra of Angelini, Mr. Roberto Angelini Rossi and Mrs. Patricia Angelini Rossi through Inversiones Angelini y Cia. Ltda., which owns 63.4015% of the shares of AntarChile S.A., the controller of our parent company Empresas Copec S.A.

Arauco’s consolidated financial statements were prepared on a going concern basis.

Presentation of Financial Statements

The Financial Statements presented by Arauco cover the following periods:

 

   

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009

 

   

Consolidated Statement of Income for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008

 

   

Comprehensive Income Statement for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008

 

   

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Net Equity for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008

 

   

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows—Direct Method for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008

 

   

Disclosure of Explanatory Information (notes)

Date of Approval of Financial Statements

The issuance of these consolidated financial statements was approved by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) in Extraordinary Session No. 438 of March 04, 2011.

Functional and Reporting Currency

Arauco has defined the U.S. Dollar as its functional currency, as most of the Company’s operations are a result of exports, and its costs to a large extent are related to or index-linked to the U.S. Dollar.

For the pulp segment, most of the sales operations are exports, and the costs are related mainly to plantation costs, which are settled in U.S. Dollars.

For the sawmill and panel segments, although total sales include a mix of domestic sales and exports, the prices for the products are established in U.S. Dollars, as is also the case for the cost structure of the related raw materials.

 

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Although the costs of labor and services are generally billed and paid in local currency, these costs are not as significant as the costs of raw materials and depreciation of equipment, which are driven mainly by global conditions and therefore, influenced mostly by the U.S. Dollar.

The financial information included herein is presented in thousands of U.S. Dollars without decimals.

Additional Information Relevant to the Understanding of the Financial Statements

The company Fondo de Inversión Bío Bío and its subsidiary Forestal Río Grande S.A. qualify as Special Purpose Entities. These entities are consideredto be controlled by Arauco, which is determined, by the fact that they maintain exclusive contracts with Arauco for wood provision, forward purchase of land and forest administration. Consequently, the financial information of these companies is consolidated with the financial information of the Company and is included in these consolidated financial statements of Arauco.

Compliance and Adoption of IFRS

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Arauco include the balance sheet, statements of income from operations and cash flows in accordance with IFRS.

This presentation is required to give a faithful representation of the effects of transactions, as well as other events and conditions, according to the definitions and criteria established within the conceptual framework of IFRS for the recognition of assets, liabilities, income and expenses.

Information on Objectives, Policies and Processes applied by the Company regarding Capital Management

Arauco’s policies on capital management have the objective of:

 

  a) Guaranteeing business continuity and normal operations in the long term;

 

  b) Providing all financing needs for new investments to achieve sustainable growth over time;

 

  c) Maintenance of an adequate capital structure considering all economic cycles that impact the business and the nature of the industry; and

 

  d) Maximizing the Company’s value, as well as providing an adequate return to shareholders.

Qualitative Information on Objectives, Policies and Processes applied by the Company regarding Capital Management

Arauco determines and manages its capital structure based on its equity at book value plus its financial liabilities (bank borrowings and bonds).

Quantitative Information on Capital Management

Financial guarantees of the Company are as follows:

 

Instrument

   Amount at
12/31/2010
(ThU.S. $)
     Amount at
12/31/2009
(ThU.S. $)
     Interest
Coverage
>= 2.0x
    Debt
Level(1)
<= 1.2x
     Debt
Level(2)
<= 0.75x
 

Local Bonds

     677,362         398,693         N/A        ü         N/A   

Forestal Río Grande S.A. Loan

     104,144         138,837         ü (3)      N/A         ü (3) 

Bilateral Bank Loan

     240,260         255,304         ü        ü         N/A   

Other Loans

     53,152         156,639         No Financial Covenants Required   

Foreign Bonds

     2,374,258         2,252,838         No Financial Covenants Required   

N/A: Not applicable for the instrument

 

(1) Debt Level (financial debt divided by: equity plus minority interest)

 

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Table of Contents
(2) Debt Level (financial debt divided by: total assets)
(3) Financial guarantees on credits taken by Forestal Río Grande S.A. only apply to financial statements of that company

Arauco has complied with all financial covenants at December 31, 2010.

Debt instruments ratings at December 31, 2010 are as follows:

 

Instrument

   Standard
& Poor’s
     Fitch
Ratings
     Moody’s      Feller Rate  

Local Bonds

     —           AA         —           AA   

Foreign Bonds

     BBB         BBB+         Baa2         —     

Capital requirements are established based on the Company’s financial needs and on maintaining an adequate liquidity level and complying with financial guarantees established in current debt contracts. The company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments based on the prevailing economic conditions in order to mitigate the risks associated with adverse market conditions, and based on opportunities that may arise to improve the Company’s level of liquidity.

Capital (in Thousand of U.S. Dollars) as of December 31, 2010, and 2009 are as follow:

 

In ThU.S.$

   12/31/2010      12/31/2009  

Equity

     6,840,575         6,382,433   

Bank Loans

     397,556         550,780   

Financial Leases

     393         608   

Bonds

     3,051,620         2,651,531   
                 

Capital

     10,290,144         9,585,352   
                 

The nature of external capital requirements is determined by the obligation to maintain certain financial ratios that ensure compliance with either bank loans or bond payments, which provide guidelines on the capital ranges required for compliance with these requirements. Arauco has fulfilled all its external requirements.

Arauco considers it unlikely that future uncertainty risks will result in any significant adjustment to the book value of assets and liabilities within the current financial period. In the case of the fair value of biological assets, no risks are foreseen in which the value of forests will change significantly. Notably, the data used to make the foregoing determination contemplates the long-term realization of such risks, and therefore the estimates provided are also relevant for the long term.

Summary of significant accounting policies

The accompanying consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2010 were prepared in accordance with current IFRS accounting policies, uniformly applied to all items in these consolidated financial statements.

a) Basis for Presentation of financial statements

These consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (“IASB”), and represent the wholesale adoption, explicitly and without reservation of the mentioned international standards.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historic cost convention, as modified for the revaluation of biological assets, financial assets and financial liabilities (including derivative instruments) at fair value.

 

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b) Critical accounting estimates and judgments

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make subjective estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, though actual results and timing could differ from the estimates. Management believes that the accounting policies below take into account those matters that require the exercise of judgment, but acknowledge that different judgments could result in substantially different results.

—Property, Plant and Equipment

Management prepared the corresponding valuations and in doing so considered or relied in part upon a report of a third party expert.

The carrying amounts of fixed assets are reviewed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may be impaired. The recoverable amount of an asset is estimated as the higher of fair value less the cost to sell and the value in use, with an impairment charge being recognized whenever the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount. The value in use is calculated using a discounted cash flow model, which is most sensitive to the discount rate as well as the expected future cash inflows.

—Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined by using valuation techniques. Arauco uses its judgment to select a variety of methods and make assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at each balance sheet date.

—Biological Assets

The recovery of forest plantations is based on discounted cash flow models which mean that the fair value of biological assets is calculated using cash flows from continuing operations on a discounted basis, on our sustainable forest management plans and the estimated growth of forests. This recovery is performed on the basis of each stand identified and for each type of tree species.

These discounted cash flows require estimates in growth, harvest, sales prices and costs. It is therefore important that management make appropriate estimates of future levels and trends for sales and costs, as well as conduct regular surveys of the forests to establish the volumes of wood available for harvesting and their current growth rates. The main considerations used to calculate the valuation of forest plantations are presented in Note 20.

—Lawsuits and Contingencies

Arauco and its subsidiaries are subject to certain ongoing lawsuits, which future are estimated by the management of the Company, in collaboration with its legal advisers. Arauco reserved the appropriate contingency estimates in each balance sheet and/or upon each substantial modification to an underlying cause of any such litigation based on the reports of its legal advisors. Detailed lawsuits information is presented in Note 18.

c) Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include all entities over which Arauco has the power to govern the financial and operating policies, which usually requires holding shares with more than one half of the voting rights. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the group. They are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases.

 

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Unrealized earnings from subsidiary operations have been eliminated from the consolidated financial statements and minority shareholder equity is recognized in the equity balance.

Consolidated financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2010 include subsidiary balances shown in Note 13 and balances of the Fondo de Inversión Bío Bío, and its subsidiary Forestal Río Grande S.A., both of which qualify as Special Purpose Entities.

Certain consolidated subsidiaries report statutory financial statements in Brazilian Reales and Chilean Pesos. For consolidation purposes, they have been translated as indicated in Note 11.

d) Segments

Arauco has defined its operating segments according to its business areas, which are defined by products and services sold to customers. This is consistent with the management, resource allocation and performance assessment made by key personnel responsible for making relevant decisions related to the Company’s operation. The Chief Executive Officer and Corporate Managing Directors of each segment are responsible for these decisions.

Detailed financial information by segment is presented in Note 24.

e) Functional currency

(i) Functional currency

Arauco’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (the functional currency). The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. Dollars, which is the Arauco’s functional currency and presentation currency.

(ii) Foreign Currency Translations—Subsidiaries and Associates

The income statements of subsidiaries, whose functional and presentational currencies are not the U.S. Dollar, are translated into the Arauco reporting currency (U.S. Dollars) using the average monthly exchange rates, whereas the balance sheets of such subsidiaries are translated using the exchange rates at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising from the translation of net investments in foreign entities are recorded directly in shareholders’ equity as Conversion reserves, as shown in the statement of changes in equity. The cumulative translation differences of divestments and liquidations are combined with their gain or loss on disposal.

(iii) Foreign Currency Transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate of exchange prevailing on the transaction date. Gains and losses on foreign currency resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the conversion at the closing exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in the income statement, except those that match with the deferral in net equity, such as gains and losses derived from cash flow hedges.

f) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash-in-hand, deposits held on call at banks and other liquid investments with an original maturity of less than three months.

g) Financial Instruments

(i) Financial assets-liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are financial assets held for trading. A financial asset is classified in this category if it was acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the short term.

 

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Derivatives are also classified as acquired for trading unless they are designated as hedges. Assets in this category are classified as current assets and the obligation for these instruments is presented under Other Financial Liabilities within the Financial Statement.

Regular purchases and sales of financial assets are recognized on the trade-date, which is the date on which the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

The financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognized at fair value and transaction costs are expensed in the income statement. They are subsequently recorded at fair value with the effect of the change in value recorded in income.

(ii) Loans and receivables

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months from the balance sheet date, which are classified as non-current assets. Loans and receivables include trade receivables and other receivables.

Loans and receivables are initially recorded at fair value and subsequently at amortized cost according to the effective interest rate method. A provision of bad debts is recorded to reflect uncollective amounts.

(iii) Financial liabilities valued at amortized cost

Loans, bond obligations and liabilities of a similar nature are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. In subsequent periods, they are stated at amortized cost and any difference between proceeds (net of transaction costs), and redemption value is recognized in the income statement over the life of the debt according to the effective interest rate method.

Financial obligations are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least 12 months after the balance sheet date.

(iv) Creditors and other payables

These instruments are initially recorded at fair value and subsequently at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.

(v) Hedging instruments

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognized in the Comprehensive Income Statement. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the Income Statement within Other Operating Income by activity or Operating Expenses by activity, respectively.

When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when it ceases to meet the criteria to be recognized through the hedge accounting treatment, any cumulative gain or loss in equity at that time recognized in the Income Statement. When a possible transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss in equity is immediately transferred to the Income Statement.

h) Inventories

Inventories are reported at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average cost method.

 

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The cost of finished goods and work in progress includes the cost of raw materials, direct labor, other direct costs and general manufacturing expenses, excluding interest expenses.

Initial costs of harvested wood are determined at fair value less cost of sale at the point of harvest.

Biological assets are transferred to inventories when forests are harvested.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

When market conditions result in the manufacturing costs of a product exceeding its net realizable value, a valuation allowance is made. This provision also includes obsolescence amounts resulting from slow moving inventories and technical obsolescence.

i) Assets held for sale

Non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower amount between book and fair value, less costs for sale. Assets are classified in this line when the book value may be recovered through a sale transaction, which is highly likely to carry out, and have immediate availability on the condition they are. Management must be committed to a plan to sell the asset and should have initiated an active program to find a buyer and complete the plan, also to be expected that the sale be qualified for full recognition within one year following the date of its classification.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale are not depreciated.

j) Business Combinations

Business combinations are recognized using the purchase method. This involves recognizing identifiable assets (including previously unrecognized intangible assets) and liabilities (including contingent liabilities and excluding future restructuring) of the acquired business at fair value.

The goodwill acquired in a business combination is initially measured at the cost of the business combination less the interest of the company in the net fair value of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquisition. After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For purposes of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated as of the acquisition date to the cash generating unit of the group or groups of cash generating units expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination without prejudice to whether other assets or liabilities of Arauco are assigned to those units or groups of units.

If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized directly in the income statement oras Other income (loss).

Arauco measures the fair value of the acquired company in the business combination on a step by step basis, recognizing the effects of variation in the income statement or comprehensive income statement in the period in which they occur, depending where the investment was classified.

Accounting policies for subsidiaries will be adjusted if necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by Arauco. Non-controlling participation are presented as a separate component of equity.

k) Investments in associates

Associates are entities over which Arauco exercises significant influence but not control, generally holding between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method

 

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and are initially recognized at cost. Their book net equity is increased or decreased proportionately in the profit or loss and comprehensive income statement of the period as a result of adjustments of conversion arising from the financial statement conversion into other currencies. Arauco’s investment in associates includes goodwill (net of any accumulated impairment loss).

If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized directly in the income statement as Other income (loss).

l) Intangible assets

(i) Computer Software

Computer software programs are capitalized in terms of the costs incurred to make them compatible with specific programs. These costs are amortized over the estimated useful lives.

(ii) Rights

This item includes water-rights, right of way and other acquired rights recognized at historical cost and have an unlimited useful life as the expected cash flow generating period is unpredictable. These rights are not amortized as they are perpetual and will not require renewal, but are subject to annual impairment tests.

m) Goodwill

The excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the group’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment on annual basis.

n) Property, plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Asset depreciation is calculated by components using the straight-line method, considering any adjustments for impairment.

The useful life of property, plant and equipment is determined according to expected use of the assets.

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, on an annual basis.

o) Leases

Fixed asset leases in which Arauco substantially holds all ownership risks and advantages are classified as Financial Leases. Financial leases are capitalized at the lease’s commencement at the lower of the fair value of the leased property and the present value of the minimum lease payments.

Leases in which significant risks and rewards are not transferred to the lessee are classified as operating leases. Payments under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to the income statement on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.

 

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p) Biological Assets

IAS 41 requires that biological assets, such as standing trees, are presented in the Balance Sheet at fair value. The forests are thus accounted for at fair value less estimated point-of sale costs at harvest, assuming that the fair value of these assets can be measured reliably.

The valuation of forest plantation assets is based on discounted cash flow models whereby the fair value of the biological assets is calculated using cash flows from continuous operations, which are discounted based on our sustainable forest management plans and the estimated growth of the forests. This valuation is performed on the basis of each identifiable farm block basis and for each type of tree.

Forest plantations shown as current assets are those that will be harvested and sold in the short term.

Biological growth and changes in fair value are recognized in the income statement within Other income by activity.

q) Deferred income tax

Deferred income tax is recognized using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. However, the deferred income tax is not recognized if it arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable income. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted as of the balance sheet date that are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

The deferred income tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable benefits will be available.

r) Provisions

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a current legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated. This amount is quantified and recognized with the best possible estimate at the end of each period.

s) Revenue recognition

Revenues are recognized after Arauco has transferred the risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer and Arauco retains neither a continuing right to dispose of the goods, nor effective control of those goods; this means that generally revenues are recorded upon delivery of goods to customers in accordance with agreed terms of delivery.

Segment revenues mentioned in Note 24 comply with the conditions indicated above.

Revenues from inter-segment sales (which are made at prices that approximate market prices) are eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

t) Minimum dividend

Article No. 79 of the Private Limited Companies Law of Chile provides that, unless otherwise unanimously agreed or adopted by the shareholders, a dividend must be distributed annually in cash to shareholders in proportion to their shares or in the proportion established by the statutes for preferred shares, if any, in the amount of at least 30% of net income for the current year, except where necessary to absorb accumulated losses from prior years.

 

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The General Shareholders’ Meeting of Arauco resolved to maintain annual dividends at 40% of net distributable incomet, including a provisional dividend share distribution at year-end. Dividends payable are recognized as a liability in the financial statements in the period they are declared and approved by the Company’s shareholders or when configuring the corresponding obligation on the basis of existing legislation or distribution policies established by the Shareholders’ Meeting.

The interim and final dividends are recorded in equity upon their approval by the relevant groups, which include the Company’s Board and the shareholders.

The amount of these dividends is presented in this interim consolidated financial statement under Other non-current Financial Liabilities.

u) Impairment

Non-financial Assets

The carrying amounts of tangible and intangible assets are subject to impairment tests whenever some event or change in business circumstances indicates that the book value of assets may not be recoverable, whereas goodwill is tested annually. The recoverable amount of an asset is estimated as the higher of net selling price and value in use. An impairment loss is recognized whenever the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount.

A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount, however, not to an extent higher than the carrying amount that would have been determined and recognized in prior years. For goodwill, however, a recognized impairment loss is not reversed.

Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those cash-generating units or groups of cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the business combination in which the goodwill arose.

“Cash-generating units” are the smallest identifiable groups of assets whose use generates continuous funds largely independent of those produced by the use of other assets or groups of assets.

Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. The distribution is made between cash-generating units or groups of cash generating units expected to benefit from the business combination that resulted in the goodwill.

Financial Assets

At the end of each period, an evaluation is performed in order to measure the existence of any objective evidence that assets or a group of financial assets have been adversely affected. Impairment effects will be recognized in the Consolidated Income Statement only if there is objective evidence that one or more events will occur after initial recognition of financial asset impairment and if these events will affect associated future cash flows.

The provision for doubtful trade receivables is established when there is objective evidence that Arauco will not receive payments under the original terms of sale. Provisions are made when the client is a party to a bankruptcy court agreement or cessation of payments, and are written-off when Arauco has exhausted all levels of recovery of debt in a reasonable time.

The impairment loss is measured as the difference between the book value of assets and the current value of estimated future cash flows. The asset value will be presented net of the loss recognized directly in income. If the impairment loss decreases in later periods, it is reversed either directly or by adjusting the provision for doubtful accounts, with effect in income.

 

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v) Employee Benefit Costs

The Company has severance payment obligations for voluntary cessation services. These are paid to certain workers that have more than 5 years seniority within the Company in accordance with conditions established within collective or individual contracts.

Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in income in the year they are incurred.

These obligations are treated as post-employment benefits in accordance with current standards.

w) Employee Vacations

Arauco recognizes the expense for employee vacation on an accrual basis and it is recorded at nominal value.

This obligation is presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in the line Trade and Other payables.

x) Joint Venture Equity

Joint venture equity is recognized using the equity method.

y) Recent accounting pronouncements

At the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements, the following accounting pronouncements were issued by the IASB:

a) New rules, amendments and mandatory obligations as of January 1, 2010, which currently are not relevant to the Company (but they could be in the future).

 

Rules and amendments

  

Content

IFRIC 17

   Distribution of non-cash assets to shareholders

IFRIC 18

   Transfer of assets from clients

IFRIC 9

   Revaluation of embedded derivatives

IFRIC 16

   Hedging in net investment in foreign operations

IAS 1 (modified)

   Filing of Financial Statements

IAS 36 (modified)

   Impairment assets

IFRS 2 (modified)

   Share-based payments

IFRS 5 (modified)

   Non-current assets held for sale

b) New rules, interpretations and issued amendments due for fiscal year 2010, for which no advanced decisions have been adopted.

 

Rules and amendments

  

Content

 

Mandatory application
date

IFRS 9

   Financial instruments   January 1, 2013

Amendment to IAS 24

   Related parties disclosures   January 1, 2011

IFRIC Interpretation 19

   Extinguishing financial liabilities with equity instruments   July 1, 2010

Amendment to IAS 32

   Classification for emission rights   February 1, 2010

Amendment to IFRIC 14

   Pre-payments of a Minimum funding requirement   January 1, 2011

IFRS 7

   Disclosure of financial instruments   July 1, 2011

IAS 12

   Income tax   January 1, 2012

Arauco believes that the adoption of standards, amendments and interpretations described above will have no significant impact on the financial statements of the Company in the period of initial application.

 

 

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NOTE 2. DISCLOSURE OF OTHER INFORMATION

 

a) Disclosure of Information on Capital Issued

Subscribed and paid-in Capital amounts to ThU.S. $353,176.

100% of capital corresponds to ordinary shares.

 

   

12/31/2010

  

12/31/2009

Description of Ordinary Capital Share Types

  100% of Capital corresponds to ordinary shares

Number of Authorized Shares by Type of Capital in Ordinary Shares

  113,152,446

Nominal Value of Shares by Type of Capital in Ordinary Shares

  ThU.S.$0.0031211 per share

Amount of Capital in Shares by Type of Ordinary Shares that Constitute Capital

  ThU.S.$353,176

 

Rights, Privileges and Restrictions by Type of Capital in Ordinary Shares

 

Liabilities presented under Other Financial Liabilities current and non-current, have certain financial restrictions the Parent Company must comply with; otherwise, debt under these contracts can become payable.

 

Financial restrictions are the following:

 

i) Debt ratio must not exceed 1.2

 

ii) Interest hedging index cannot be less than 2.0

 

At closing date Arauco complied with the totality of these restrictions.

   

12/31/2010

  

12/31/2009

Number of Shares Issued and Completely Paid by Type of Capital in Ordinary Shares

  113,152,446

 

b) Disclosure of information on Dividends paid to Ordinary Shares

The interim dividend paid is the equivalent to 20% of the distributable net income calculated to the end of September of each year and presented in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Net Equity.

Dividend paid corresponds to the spread between the 40% of net income distributable at the end of last year and the amount of interim dividend paid at the end of last fiscal year.

Dividends paid at December 31, 2010:

 

Detail of Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

 

Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

  Final Dividend

Type of Shares for which there is a Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

  Unlisted Ordinary Shares

Date of Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

  12-15-2010

Amount of Dividend, Ordinary Shares, Gross

  ThU.S.$85,515(1)

Number of Shares for which Dividends are Paid, Ordinary Shares

  113,152,446

Dividend per Share, Ordinary Share

  U.S.$0.7557

 

(1) This interim dividend plus ThU.S.$182,770 recognized in minimum dividend provision, as reported in Note 25, resulted ThU.S.$268,285 presented in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Net Equity.

 

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Detail of Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

 

Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

  Final Dividend

Type of Shares for which there is a Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

  Unlisted Ordinary Shares

Date of Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

  05-10-2010

Amount of Dividend, Ordinary Shares, Gross

  ThU.S.$56,758(2)

Number of Shares for which Dividends are Paid, Ordinary Shares

  113,152,446

Dividend per Share, Ordinary Share

  U.S.$0.50161

Dividends paid during 2009 and the corresponding amount per share:

 

Detail of Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

 

Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

  Interim Dividend

Type of Shares for which there is a Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

  Unlisted Ordinary Shares

Date of Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

  12-16-2009

Amount of Dividend, Ordinary Shares, Gross

  ThU.S.$25,957(2)

Number of Shares for which Dividends are Paid, Ordinary Shares

  113,152,446

Dividend per Share, Ordinary Share

  U.S.$0.22940

 

(2) The total amount is ThU.S.$82,715 which corresponds to the interim dividend and discounted in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Net Equity at December 31, 2009.

 

Detail of Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

 

Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

  Final Dividend

Type of Shares for which there is a Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

  Unlisted Ordinary Shares

Date of Dividend Paid, Ordinary Shares

  05-07-09

Amount of Dividend, Ordinary Shares, Gross

  ThU.S.$88,449

Number of Shares for which Dividends are Paid, Ordinary Shares

  113,152,446

Dividend per Share, Ordinary Share

  U.S.$0.78168

 

c) Disclosure of Information on Reserves

Other Reserves

Other reserves consist of Conversion Reserves, Hedge Reserves and Other Reserves.

Arauco does not have restrictions associated with these reserves.

Conversion Reserves

This corresponds to foreign currency translation of those Arauco’s subsidiaries that do not use the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency.

Hedge Reserves

This corresponds to the portion of gains or swap net loss hedging existing at Arauco at the end of each fiscal year.

Other Reserves

This mainly corresponds to the value in Other comprehensive income of investment in associates.

 

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d) Disclosures of other Information

Below are balances of Other Income by activity, Other Expenses by activity, Financing Costs and Participation in income (loss) of associates and joint venture as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 and 2008, respectively.

 

     January—December  
     2010
ThU.S.$
    2009
ThU.S.$
    2008
ThU.S.$
 

Classes of Other Income by activity

      

Other Operating Income, Total

     378,188        181,383        104,270   

Gain from changes in fair value of biological assets

     221,501        155,532        65,201   

Sales revenue from carbon bonds

     0        5,836        6,342   

Revenue from export promotion

     6,171        4,568        5,592   

Earthquake insurance net effect

     107,658        0        0   

Leases received

     2,707        4,870        2,287   

Gain on sales of fixed assets

     8,303        995        0   

Other operating results

     31,848        9,582        24,848   

Classes of Other Expenses by activity

      

Total of other expenses by activity

     (50,642     (59,681     (50,782

Depreciations

     (1,356     (2,943     (2,012

Contingent provision

     (2,351     (2,699     (2,601

Assets provision

     (2,348     (1,703     (5,239

Expenses due to downtime of processing plants

     (5,174     (6,038     (4,766

Loss of assets

     (5,170     (7,533     (6,516

Loss of forest

     (8,223     (2,824     (2,570

Other taxes

     (4,730     (5,875     (3,774

Services and fees

     (2,715     (9,537     (5,874

Other expenses

     (18,575     (20,529     (17,430

Classes of Financing Costs

      

Financing Costs, Total

     (213,912     (193,872     (175,241

Interest costs

     (177,337     (162,312     (143,067

Interest on bank loans

     (177,337     (162,312     (143,067

Other financing costs

     (36,575     (31,560     (32,174

Classes of Participation in Income (Loss) of associates and joint venture accounted through Equity Method

      

Total

     (7,693     6,621        5,839   

Investments in associates

     1,906        4,084        4,241   

Joint ventures

     (9,599     2,537        1,598   

Balance of Expenses by nature at December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008:

 

Distribution expenses

   2010
ThU.S.$
     2009
ThU.S.$
     2008
ThU.S.$
 

Sale costs

     58,453         33,883         37,474   

Shipping and freight costs

     321,126         354,652         417,723   
                          

Total

     379,579         388,535         455,197   
                          

 

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Administration expenses

   2010
ThU.S.$
     2009
ThU.S.$
     2008
ThU.S.$
 

Wage and salaries

     141,297         101,356         91,704   

Insurances

     9,182         9,575         10,552   

Other depreciations

     10,880         10,741         9,842   

Other administration expenses

     162,557         127,668         146,927   
                          

Total

     323,916         249,340         259,025   
                          

 

Expenses for

 

Note

   2010
ThU.S.$
     2009
ThU.S.$
     2008
ThU.S.$
 

Depreciations

  7      232,040         205,033         189,256   

Employee benefits

  10      279,813         215,719         196,853   

Amortization

  19      1,615         2,382         2,268   

NOTE 3. INVENTORIES (IAS 2)

 

Components of Inventory

   12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Raw Materials

     86,617         85,706   

Production Supplies

     65,154         64,978   

Work in progress

     62,612         26,154   

Finished goods

     426,447         335,234   

Parts

     86,532         107,384   

Other Inventories

     173         602   

Total Inventories

     727,535         620,058   

As of December 31, 2010, a cost of sales of inventories amounted to ThU.S.$ 2,249,689 (ThU.S.$2,064,372 as of December 31, 2009).

As of December 31, 2010, a net decrease in the provision for obsolescence effects of ThU.S.$324 was recognized (net increase of ThU.S.$543 as of December 31, 2009); therefore, so the provision balance as of December 31, 2010 amounted to ThU.S.$7,200 (ThU.S.$7,524 as of December 31, 2009).

The inventories write-off amounted to ThU.S.$23,438 as of December 31, 2010 mainly caused by the earthquake and tsunami that occurred in the south-central of Chile on February 27, 2010.

As of the date of the issuance of these financial statements, no inventories have been pledged as collateral or guarantees.

NOTE 4. CASH FLOW STATEMENT (IAS 7)

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash flow, bank account balances, fixed term deposits, repurchase agreements and mutual funds. They are short-term investments that are readily convertible into cash, and are subject to an immaterial change in value.

The objective of fixed term deposits is to maximize earnings on short-term cash flow surpluses. This instrument is authorized by Arauco’s Investment Policy, which establishes a mandate that allows investments in fixed income securities. In general, these instruments have a maturity period of less than ninety days.

Arauco invests in local mutual funds to maximize the profitability of cash flow surpluses in Chilean Pesos, or in international mutual funds in foreign currencies such as U.S. Dollars or Euros. These instruments are acceptable under Arauco’s Investment Policy.

 

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Table of Contents

As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, there are no significant amounts of cash or cash equivalents that are freely available.

 

Components of Cash and Cash Equivalents

   12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Cash on hand

     263         244   

Banks

     69,692         28,756   

Short term deposit

     705,694         281,873   

Mutual funds

     267,811         223,326   

Other cash and cash equivalents

     374         0   

Total

     1,043,834         534,199   

The following tables detail the value of the cost of the investment in Dynea Brasil S.A. dated March 15, 2010, Savitar (Forestal Talavera S.A.) dated June 30, 2009 and Arauco do Brasil S.A. (ex-Tafisa Brazil) dated August 26, 2009 (see Note 14), and the net value of assets and liabilities of each acquired entity, discounting both the amount of cash and cash equivalents acquired in order to distinguish those cash flows from those that arise from other operating, investing or financing activities.

 

2010

Purchase of Investments

   ThU.S.$  

Acquisition: Dynea Brasil S.A.

  

Cash paid for acquisitions and cash equivalents

     15,000   

Cash and cash equivalents held by acquired entities

     (8,023

Net cash paid to acquire entities

     6,977   
     ThU.S.$  

Net Assets less Cash and Cash equivalents of acquired entity (see Note 14)

     22,613   

2009

Purchase of Investments

   ThU.S.$  

Acquisition: Tafisa Brasil S.A. (currently named Arauco do Brasil S.A.)

  

Cash paid for acquisitions and cash equivalents

     166,977   

Cash and cash equivalents held by acquired entities

     (2,891

Net cash paid to acquire entities

     164,086   
     ThU.S.$  

Net Assets less Cash and Cash equivalents of acquired entity (see Note 14)

     107,429   

2009

Purchase of Investments

   ThU.S.$  

Acquisition: Savitar (Forestal Talavera S.A.)

  

Cash paid for acquisitions and cash equivalents

     10,131   

Cash and cash equivalents held by acquired entities

     (106

Net cash paid to acquire entities

     10,025   

 

     ThU.S.$  

Net Assets less Cash and Cash equivalents of acquired entity (see Note 14)

     12,367   

 

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NOTE 5. ACCOUNTING POLICIES, CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES (IAS 8)

Changes in Accounting Policies

These policies have been designed in accordance with IFRS in effect as of December 31, 2010 and applied uniformly to all items presented in these consolidated financial statements.

Changes in the Treatment of Accounting Policy

The financial statements as of December 31, 2010 do not show changes in accounting policies compared to the same period last year.

For presentation purposes, the financial statements as of December 31, 2009 have some minor reclassifications.

The consolidated financial statements of Arauco as of December 31, 2009 are the Group’s first annual financial statements prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The Group’s previous financial statements were prepared according to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in Chile.

NOTE 6. TAXES (IAS 12)

The tax rate applicable to the major companies in which Arauco participates is 17% in Chile, 35% in Argentina and 34% in Brazil.

Deferred Tax Assets

The following table details deferred tax assets:

 

Deferred Tax Assets

   12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Deferred Tax Assets related to Provisions

     4,658         3,759   

Deferred Tax Assets related to accrued liabilities

     4,601         6,690   

Deferred Tax Assets related to Post-Employment obligations

     6,616         4,677   

Deferred Tax Assets related to Revaluation of Property, Plant and equipment

     2,339         3,065   

Deferred Tax Assets related to Financial Instruments Restatements

     1,370         1,913   

Deferred Tax Assets related to tax losses

     56,724         53,292   

Valuation of biological assets

     8,805         11,424   

Valuation of inventory

     9,034         1,939   

Income provision

     2,765         2,571   

Trade debtors and receivables

     3,940         4,878   

Intangible revaluation differences

     24,370         10,584   

Deferred Tax Assets related to Others

     101         4,968   
                 

Deferred Tax Assets Total

     125,323         109,760   
                 

As of the date of the present financial statement some of Arauco’s subsidiaries present tax losses of ThU.S.$260,701 (ThU.S.$241,596 at December 31, 2009) which are mainly due to operational and financial losses.

Arauco believes that the projections of future earnings in subsidiaries that have generated tax losses will allow the recovery of these assets.

 

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Deferred Tax Liability

Deferred tax liability corresponds to income tax amounts payable in future periods related to taxable temporary differences.

The following table details deferred tax liabilities:

 

Deferred Tax Liabilities

   12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Deferred Tax Liabilities related to Revaluated Property, Plant and equipment

     686,408         682,540   

Deferred Tax Liabilities related to Financial Instrument restatement

     13,751         7,704   

Valuation of biological asset

     511,401         508,285   

Valuation of inventory

     12,450         10,001   

Valuation of prepaid expenses

Differences in valuation of deferred expenditures

    

 

76,539

35,130

  

  

    

 

0

27,006

  

  

Deferred Tax Liabilities related to Others

     33,810         20,554   
                 

Deferred Tax Liabilities Total

     1,369,489         1,256,090   
                 

From the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities listed in the above tables, approximately ThU.S.$20,668 and ThU.S.$170,749 respectively, will be used in a period of 12 months.

Arauco does not offset deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, since there is no legally enforceable right to offset amounts recognized in these items and correspond to items that are subject of different fiscal jurisdictions.

Temporary Differences

The following tables summarize current asset and liability timing differences:

 

     12/31/2010      12/31/2009  

Detail of Classes of Deferred Tax Temporary Differences

   Deductible
Difference

ThU.S.$
     Taxable
Difference
ThU.S.$
     Deductible
Difference

ThU.S.$
     Taxable
Difference
ThU.S.$
 

Deferred Tax Assets

     68,599         0         56,468         0   

Tax Loss

     56,724         0         53,292         0   

Deferred Tax Liabilities

     0         1,369,489         0         1,256,090   

Total

     125,323         1,369,489         109,760         1,256,090   

 

Detail of Temporary Difference Income and Loss Amounts

   January-December  
   2010
ThU.S.$
    2009
ThU.S.$
    2008
ThU.S.$
 

Deferred Tax Assets

     7,028        2,037        3,793   

Tax Loss

     1,846        9,400        14,081   

Deferred Tax Liabilities

     (100,189     (41,438     (34,042
                        

Total

     (91,315     (30,001     (16,168
                        

 

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Income Tax Expense (Income)

Income Tax consists of the following:

 

Income tax composition

   January-December  
   2010
ThU.S.$
    2009
ThU.S.$
    2008
ThU.S.$
 

Current income tax expense

     (112,840     (32,147     (96,747

Tax benefit arising from unrecognized tax assets previously used to reduce tax expense

     8,402        6,526        12,586   

Previous period current tax adjustments

     (581     2,597        3,113   

Other current tax expenses

     (1,684     (512     (828
                        

Current Tax Expense, Net

     (106,703     (23,536     (81,876
                        

Deferred expense from taxes relative to the creation and reversion of temporary differences

     (68,814     (39,401     (30,235

Deferred income from taxes relative to tax rate changes or new fees

     (23,904     0        0   

Tax benefit arising from unrecognized tax assets previously used to reduce expenses due to deferred taxes

     1,403        9,400        14,081   
                        

Total Deferred Tax Expense, Net

     (91,315     (30,001     (16,154
                        

Income Tax Expense, Total

     (198,018     (53,537     (98,030
                        

The following table details the income tax for foreign and national companies as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively:

 

     January-December  
   2010
ThU.S.$
    2009
ThU.S.$
    2008
ThU.S.$
 

Foreign current tax

     (52,567     (20,350     (41,562

National current tax

     (54,136     (3,186     (40,314

Current tax, Total

     (106,703     (23,536     (81,876

Foreign deferred tax

     17,718        1,033        8,508   

National deferred tax

     (109,033     (31,034     (24,676

Deferred tax, Total

     (91,315     (30,001     (16,168
                        

Income (expense) due to Income Tax, Total

     (198,018     (53,537     (98,044
                        

Income Tax Expense Reconciliation using the Effective Rate method

Income tax expenditure reconciliation is as follows:

 

Reconciliation of Income tax from Statutory Rate to
Effective Tax Rate

   January-December  
   2010
ThU.S.$
    2009
ThU.S.$
    2008
ThU.S.$
 

Tax Expense Using Statutory Rate

     (152,790     (60,891     (85,525

Tax effect of rates in other jurisdictions

     (24,714     (16,669     (16,926

Tax effect of non taxable ordinary income

     18,493        27,596        25,688   

Tax effect of non tax deductible expenses

     (22,486     (14,846     (38,169

Tax effect of tax rates changes

     (23,904     0        0   

Tax effect of excess tax for previous periods

     (581     2,597        3,113   

Other Increases (Decreases) Legal Taxes

     7,964        8,676        13,775   
                        

Adjustment to Tax Expense using the Statutory Rate, Total

     (45,228     7,354        (12,519
                        

Tax Expenses Using the Effective Rate

     (198,018     (53,537     (98,044
                        

 

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Table of Contents

The deferred taxes related to financial hedging instruments, corresponds to a credit (subscription) to ThU.S.$1,896 at December 31, 2010 (ThU.S.$987 at December 31, 2009), which presents net in Hedge reserves in the Statement of Changes in Net Equity.

On July 30, 2010 Law N. 20.455 for national reconstruction financing was published in the Chilean Official Gazette (Diario Oficial de Chile). One of the most important changes such law introduced was the increase in the First Category Taxes for revenues received and /or accrued during commercial years 2011 and 2012, with rates of 20% and 18.5%, respectively.

The effect on the change in tax rates caused an adjustment to the assets and liabilities accounts for deferred taxes, according to the profile projected for temporary reverse differences, in tax losses benefits and in other events that create differences between book and tax basis of assets and liabilities.

NOTE 7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (IAS 16)

 

Properties, Plant and Equipment, Net

   12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Construction in progress

     562,309        433,269   

Land

     821,288        743,950   

Buildings

     1,417,684        1,353,461   

Plant and equipment

     2,188,323        2,328,457   

Information technology equipment

     16,963        18,178   

Fixed facilities and accessories

     3,657        5,207   

Motorized vehicles

     10,057        9,791   

Others

     68,464        77,440   
                

Total Net

     5,088,745        4,969,753   
                

Properties, plant and equipment, Gross

    

Constructions in progress

     562,309        433,269   

Land

     821,288        743,950   

Buildings

     2,523,397        2,370,295   

Plant and equipment

     4,180,142        4,060,145   

Information technology equipment

     43,614        42,992   

Fixed facilities and accessories

     17,339        18,675   

Motorized vehicles

     32,328        31,066   

Others

     110,076        112,629   
                

Total Gross

     8,290,493        7,813,021   
                

Accumulated depreciation and impairment

    

Buildings

     (1,105,713     (1,016,834

Plant and equipment

     (1,991,819     (1,731,688

Information technology equipment

     (26,651     (24,814

Fixed facilities and accessories

     (13,682     (13,468

Motorized vehicles

     (22,271     (21,275

Others

     (41,612     (35,189
                

Total

     (3,201,748     (2,843,268
                

Description of Property, Plant and Equipment Pledged as Guarantee

Regarding Forestal Río Grande S.A, an affiliate of Fondo de Inversión Bío Bío, a special purpose entity, we note that in October 2006, first and second degree mortgages were executed in favor of JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. and Arauco, respectively, which prohibited the sale of any property currently belonging to the aforementioned special purpose entity, in order to ensure fulfillment of payments to Fondo de Inversión Bío Bío.

 

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Table of Contents

In September 2007, Forestal Río Grande S.A acquired real estate in Yungay, located in Chile’s Region VIII, for which the company executed a first mortgage with prohibition to sell and encumber in favor of, among others, JPMorgan. Similarly, a second mortgage with prohibition to sell and encumber was executed in favor of Arauco.

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S$
     12/31/2008
ThU.S$
 

Collateral amount of property, plant and equipment

     56,272         56,799         56,758   

Commitments for project disbursements or for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S$
     12/31/2008
ThU.S$
 

Amount committed for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment

     268,391         187,441         212,155   

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S$
     12/31/2008
ThU.S$
 

Disbursements for property, plant and equipment under construction

     361,598         196,271         212,155   

 

F-27


Table of Contents

Movement on Property, Plant and Equipment

The following tables detail the movement of Property, Plant and Equipment as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009:

 

Movement of Fixed Assets

   Construction
in Progress

ThU.S.$
    Land
ThU.S.$
    Buildings
ThU.S.$
    Plant and
equipments

ThU.S.$
    IT
Equipment

ThU.S.$
    Fixed
Facilities

and
Accessories

ThU.S.$
    Motorized
Vehicles

ThU.S.$
    Other
Property,
Plant and
Equipment

ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
 

Opening balance 01/01/2010

     433,269        743,950        1,353,461        2,328,457        18,178        5,207        9,791        77,440        4,969,753   

Changes

                  

Additions

     361,598        81,610        18,463        14,086        186        234        2,265        4,758        483,200   

Acquisitions of business

     216        660        4,244        21,420        0        0        14        1,137        27,691   

Dispositions

     (142     (14,107     (3,499     (3,132     (3     (1     (215     (4,375     (25,474

Withdrawals

     (1,024     (6     (1,020     (4,315     (11     (39     (2     (408     (6,825

Depreciation costs

     0        0        (68,237     (160,894     (1,966     (810     (1,892     (1,708     (235,507

Impairment loss recognized in the Income Statement (note 17)

     0        0        (24,198     (110,408     (63     0        (102     (9,341     (144,112

Exchange rate increase (decrease) of foreign currency

     1,394        9,350        3,902        19,986        2        (1,395     64        824        34,127   

Reclassification of assets held for sale(1)

     0        (5,003     (5,877     (3,228     0        0        0        0        (14,108

Other increase/decrease

     (233,002     4,834        140,445        86,351        640        461        134        137        0   

Total Changes

     129,040        77,338        64,223        (140,134     (1,215     (1,550     266        (8,976     118,992   

Closing balance 12/31/2010

     562,309        821,288        1,417,684        2,188,323        16,963        3,657        10,057        68,464        5,088,745   

 

(1) ThU.S.$3,745 for impairment loss is included in the assets value

 

Movement of Fixed Assets

   Construction
in Progress

ThU.S.$
    Land
ThU.S.$
    Buildings
ThU.S.$
    Plant and
equipments

ThU.S.$
    IT
Equipment

ThU.S.$
    Fixed
Facilities

and
Accessories

ThU.S.$
    Motorized
Vehicles

ThU.S.$
    Other
Property,
Plant and
Equipment

ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
 

Opening balance 01/01/2009

     348,417        689,900        1,307,391        2,172,162        18,621        4,755        9,569        65,156        4,615,971   

Changes

                  

Additions

     196,271        36,550        8,023        19,792        73        16        1,607        5,161        267,493   

Acquisitions through business combination

     4,951        5,548        44,364        192,216        0        0        458        5,870        253,407   

Dispositions

     (212     (181     (110     (1,003     (177     (114     (425     (942     (3,164

Discontinuation of consolidation by the formation of joint venture registered under the equity method (note 15-16)

     0        (32,014     0        (27     0        0        0        0        (32,041

Withdrawals

     (1,520     (1,265     (82     (2,805     (3     (55     (23     (1,233     (6,986

Depreciation costs

     0        0        (59,311     (155,981     (1,859     (274     (2,050     (1,618     (221,093

Impairment loss recognized in the Income Statement

     0        0        (1,416     (1,694     0        0        0        0        (3,110

Exchange rate increase (decrease) of foreign currency

     1,528        42,315        11,684        38,296        1        0        454        4,998        99,276   

Other increase/decrease

     (116,166     3,097        42,918        67,501        1,522        879        201        48        0   

Total Changes

     84,852        54,050        46,070        156,295        (443     452        222        12,284        353,782   

Closing balance 12/31/2009

     433,269        743,950        1,353,461        2,328,457        18,178        5,207        9,791        77,440        4,969,753   

 

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Table of Contents

The depreciation charged to income as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 is as follows:

 

Depreciation for the period

   12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2008
ThU.S.$
 

Cost of sale

     187,208         190,945         177,054   

Administration expenses

     10,880         10,741         9,842   

Other operating expenses(*)

     33,952         3,347         2,360   

Total

     232,040         205,033         189,256   

 

(*) The balance of the period 2010, it refers to the cost of depreciation of plants detained product of the earthquake.

The useful lives of property, plant and equipment according to expected use of the assets are as follows:

 

         Minimum      Maximum      Average  

Buildings

  Useful Life in Years      16         89         39   

Plant and equipment

  Useful Life in Years      8         67         29   

Information technology equipment

  Useful Life in Years      6         18         5   

Fixed facilities and accessories

  Useful Life in Years      6         12         10   

Motorized vehicles

  Useful Life in Years      6         26         13   

Others properties, plants and equipment

  Useful Life in Years      5         27         16   

NOTE 8. LEASES (IAS 17)

When assets are leased under a Financial lease, the current value of lease payments is treated as a receivable. The difference between the gross payment to be charged and the current value of said payment is shown as capital return.

Disclosure of Financial Leases Classified by Type of Asset, Leases

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Property, Plant & Equipment Financial Leasing

     440         608   

Plant and Equipment

     440         608   

Reconciliation of Financial Lease Minimum Payments, Lessee

 

     12/31/2010  

Minimum lease payments, lease payment obligations

   Gross
ThU.S.$
     Interest
ThU.S.$
     Present
Value
ThU.S.$
 

Due within one year

     354         10         344   

Due within one and five years

     50         1         49   

Due beyond five years

     0         0         0   

Total

     404         11         393   

 

     12/31/2009  

Financial Lease

   Gross
ThU.S.$
     Interest
ThU.S.$
     Present
Value
ThU.S.$
 

Due within one year

     381         20         361   

Due within one and five years

     253         6         247   

Due beyond five years

     0         0         0   

Total

     634         26         608   

 

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Table of Contents

Leasing obligations that accrue interest are presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet under Other Financial Liabilities Current and Non-current depending on the maturities stated above.

Reconciliation of Financial Lease Minimum Payments, Lessor

 

     12/31/2010  

Minimum Financial Lease Payments Receivable, Financial Lease

   Gross
ThU.S.$
     Interest
ThU.S.$
     Present
Value
ThU.S.$
 

Due within one year

     4,767         450         4,317   

Due within one and five years

     5,957         358         5,599   

Due beyond five years

     0         0         0   

Total

     10,724         808         9,916   
     12/31/2009  

Minimum Financial Lease Payments Receivable, Financial Lease

   Gross
ThU.S.$
     Interest
ThU.S.$
     Present
Value
ThU.S.$
 

Due within one year

     4,860         545         4,315   

Due within one and five years

     7,940         490         7,450   

Due beyond five years

     0         0         0   

Total

     12,800         1,035         11,765   

Accounts receivable in leasing are presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet under Trade and Other Receivables current and non-current depending on the maturities stated above.

Significant Financial Lease Agreements

Arauco holds financial leases as a lessor and lessee detailed within the previous tables, and therefore, there are no contingent payments or restrictions to note.

NOTE 9. ORDINARY REVENUE (IAS 18)

 

(a) Policy on Revenue recognition from the Sale of Goods

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognized when an Arauco entity has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership, when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, when Arauco cannot influence the management of the sold goods and when it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity.

Sales are recognized in terms of the arranged price stated in the sales contract, net of volume discounts and estimated refunds at the date of the sale. Volume discounts are evaluated in terms of estimated annual purchases. There is no significant financing component given that receivables for sales are collected within a low average time period, which is in line with market practices.

 

(b) Policy on Revenue recognition from Rendering of Services

Arauco mainly has electric power, port and pest control services whose incomes are derived from fixed price service contracts, generally recognized during the period of the service contract on a straight-line basis throughout the duration of the contract.

 

Classes of Ordinary Revenue

   January-December  
   2010
ThU.S.$
     2009
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2008
ThU.S.$
 

Sale of goods

     3,692,221         3,027,796         3,587,901   

Service Contracts

     96,133         85,249         125,992   

Total

     3,788,354         3,113,045         3,713,893   

 

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Table of Contents

NOTE 10. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (IAS 19)

This refers to severance payment obligations for years of service due to termination of service contracts that arise from benefits stated in work contracts and/or as severance payments stated in the Labor Law.

This is an estimate of the years of service-based severance payments to be recognized as a future termination payment liability, in accordance with in force work contracts held with workers and pursuant to actuarial valuation criteria for this type of liability.

The main factors considered for calculating the actuarial value of severance payments for years of service are employee turnover, salary increases and life expectancy of the workers included in this benefit.

Classes of Benefits and Expenses by Employee

 

Classes of Benefits Expenses by Employee

   January-December  
   2010
ThU.S.$
     2009
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2008
ThU.S.$
 

Personnel Expenses

     279,813         215,719         196,853   

Wages and salaries

     264,572         209,687         190,821   

Compensation for years of service

     15,241         6,032         6,032   

The following tables detail the balances and the movement of payments for years of service provisioned as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009.

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Current

     3,312         2,372   

Non-current

     35,964         25,295   
                 

Total

     39,276         27,667   
                 

 

Roll-forward

   12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Opening balance

     27,667        20,297   

Current service cost

     1,851        905   

Interest cost

     1,798        1,614   

Actuarial gains

     11,256        3,653   

Benefits paid

     (5,537     (4,054

Increase for currency exchange

     2,241        5,252   

Closing balance

     39,276        27,667   

 

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Table of Contents

NOTE 11. EFFECT OF FOREIGN CURRENCY RATE VARIATIONS (IAS 21)

Local and foreign currency

Currency assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 are as follows:

 

     12-31-2010
ThU.S.$
     12-31-2009
ThU.S.$
 

Liquid Assets

     1,046,743         542,625   

US Dollar

     516,201         185,995   

Euro

     73,573         66,935   

Other currencies

     48,511         64,879   

$ not adjustable

     408,458         224,816   

U.F.  

     0         0   

Cash and Cash Equivalents

     1,043,834         534,199   

US Dollar

     513,292         177,569   

Euro

     73,573         66,935   

Other currencies

     48,511         64,879   

$ not adjustable

     408,458         224,816   

U.F.  

     0         0   

Other Financial Assets

     2,909         8,426   

US Dollar

     2,909         8,426   

Accounts Receivable in short and long term

     

Accounts Receivable in short and long term

     804,328         585,848   

US Dollar

     545,703         412,826   

Euro

     31,651         19,348   

Other currencies

     94,134         36,090   

$ not adjustable

     124,490         110,394   

U.F.  

     8,350         7,190   

Trades and Current Accounts Receivable

     774,289         558,441   

US Dollar

     528,657         397,394   

Euro

     31,651         19,348   

Other currencies

     93,075         35,074   

$ not adjustable

     115,338         102,098   

U.F.  

     5,568         4,527   

Trades and Non-Current Accounts Receivable

     11,965         11,080   

US Dollar

     4,389         4,152   

Other currencies

     205         102   

$ not adjustable

     4,589         4,163   

U.F.  

     2,782         2,663   

Accounts Receivable from related parties, current

     18,074         16,327   

US Dollar

     12,657         11,280   

Euro

     854         0   

Other currencies

     4,563         914   

$ not adjustable

     0         4,133   

Other Assets

     10,655,261         10,285,354   

US Dollar

     10,276,275         10,016,050   

Euro

     458         57   

Other currencies

     142,569         86,720   

$ not adjustable

     214,370         163,233   

U.F.  

     21,589         19,294   

Total Assets

     12,506,332         11,413,827   

US Dollar

     11,338,179         10,614,871   

Euro

     105,682         86,340   

Other currencies

     285,214         187,689   

$ not adjustable

     747,318         498,443   

U.F.  

     29,939         26,484   

 

F-32


Table of Contents

Local and foreign currency, continued

 

     12-31-2010      12-31-2009  
   Up to 90
days

ThU.S.$
     From 91 days
to 1 year

ThU.S.$
     Up to 90
days

ThU.S.$
     From 91 days
to 1 year

ThU.S.$
 

Total Liabilities, current

     763,439         445,622         611,908         339,505   

US Dollar

     654,148         440,318         562,286         318,247   

Euro

     5,105         0         3,922         0   

Other currencies

     48,019         2,501         16,962         18,959   

$ not adjustable

     49,809         0         24,678         0   

U.F.  

     6,358         2,803         4,060         2,299   

Other Financial Liabilities, current

     109,051         445,622         196,052         339,505   

US Dollar

     95,871         440,318         195,047         318,247   

Other currencies

     9,980         2,501         27         18,959   

U.F.  

     3,200         2,803         978         2,299   

Bank loans

     50,602         52,214         150,964         52,011   

US Dollar

     40,622         49,713         150,937         33,052   

Other currencies

     9,980         2,501         27         18,959   

Financial leases

     94         250         361         0   

U.F.  

     94         250         361         0   

Other loans

     58,355         393,158         44,727         287,494   

US Dollar

     55,249         390,605         44,110         285,195   

U.F.  

     3,106         2,553         617         2,299   

Other Financial Liabilities, current

     654,388         0         415,856         0   

US Dollar

     558,277         0         367,239         0   

Euro

     5,105         0         3,922         0   

Other currencies

     38,039         0         16,935         0   

$ not adjustable

     49,809         0         24,678         0   

U.F.  

     3,158         0         3,082         0   

 

F-33


Table of Contents

Local and foreign currency, continued

 

     12-31-2010      12-31-2009  
   From 13 months
to 5 years

ThU.S.$
     More than
5 years

ThU.S.$
     From 13 months
to 5 years

ThU.S.$
     More than
5 years

ThU.S.$
 

Total Liabilities, non-current

     2,640,189         1,816,507         2,479,289         1,600,692   

US Dollars

     1,518,182         1,277,116         1,434,486         1,322,361   

Other currencies

     301,667         3,578         271,572         4,220   

$ not adjustable

     684,401         0         651,318         0   

U.F.  

     135,939         535,813         121,913         274,111   

Other Financial Liabilities, non-current

     1,092,922         1,816,507         1,077,318         1,600,692   

US Dollars

     950,795         1,277,116         955,080         1,322,361   

Other currencies

     6,188         3,578         325         4,220   

U.F.  

     135,939         535,813         121,913         274,111   

Bank loans

     290,815         3,925         271,182         76,623   

US Dollars

     284,627         347         270,857         72,403   

Other currencies

     6,188         3,578         325         4,220   

Financial leases

     49         0         247         0   

U.F.  

     49         0         247         0   

Other loans

     802,058         1,812,582         805,889         1,524,069   

US Dollars

     666,168         1,276,769         684,223         1,249,958   

U.F.  

     135,890         535,813         121,666         274,111   

Other Financial Liabilities, non-current

     1,547,267         0         1,401,971         0   

US Dollars

     567,387         0         479,406         0   

Other currencies

     295,479         0         271,247         0   

$ not adjustable

     684,401         0         651,318         0   

U.F.  

     0         0         0         0   

Effect of exchange rate variations

The functional currency of Brazilian subsidiaries and associate companies is the Brazilian Real. Therefore, their individual financial statements have been expressed in the presentation currency as follows:

 

(i) Assets and liabilities for each balance sheet are translated at the closing exchange rate;

 

(ii) Income and expenses for each income statement are translated at the average monthly exchange rate, given that to date this average has been a fair estimate of the cumulative effect of the exchange rates at the time of the transactions;

 

(iii) All the resulting exchange differences are recognized as a separate component of net equity.

In consolidation, the exchange rate differences arising from the translation of a net investment in companies that use currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, and those from loans and other instruments in foreign currencies recognized as hedging these investments, are assigned to net equity.

Subsidiaries that use functional currency other than the U.S. Dollar are as follow:

 

Subsidiary

 

Country

 

Functional

currency

Arauco do Brasil S.A.

  Brazil   Real

Arauco Forest Brasil S.A.

  Brazil   Real

Arauco Florestal Arapoti S.A.

  Brazil   Real

Arauco Distribución S.A.

  Chile   Chilean peso

Investigaciones Forestales Bioforest S.A.

  Chile   Chilean peso

 

F-34


Table of Contents
     January-December  
     2010
ThU.S.$
    2009
ThU.S.$
     2008
ThU.S.$
 

Exchange differences recognized in income and loss, except for financial instruments measured at fair value through income and loss

     (7,994     14,612         (67,778

Conversion reverse

     47,070        177,480         (148,469

NOTE 12. BORROWING COSTS (IAS 23)

Arauco capitalized interest on existing investment projects. For the recording of this capitalization Arauco estimated the average rate of borrowing to finance these investment projects.

 

     January-December  
   2010
ThU.S.$
    2009
ThU.S.$
 

Property, plant and equipment capitalized cost

    

Property, plant and equipment capitalized interest cost rate

     5.94     5.86

Amount of the capitalized interest cost, property, presented as plant and equipment

     8,613        8,868   

NOTE 13. RELATED PARTIES (IAS 24)

Related Party Disclosure

Related parties are those companies as defined in IAS 24 and under the standards of the Chilean Securities Commission and the Chilean Limited Company Law.

Outstanding balances with related parties at the end of each period correspond mainly to regular commercial operations negotiated in Chilean Pesos, where collection or payment deadlines do not often exceed 30 days and in general do not have adjustment or interest clauses.

At the date of these consolidated financial statements there are no provisions for doubtful debts and no guarantees provided or associated with inter-company balances.

Name of Group’s Main Controller

The ultimate controllers of the Company are Mrs. Maria Noseda Zambra de Angelini, Mr. Roberto Angelini Rossi and Mrs. Patricia Angelini Rossi through Inversiones Angelini y Cia. Ltda.

Name of the Intermediate Controlling Entity that Prepares Financial Statements for Public Use

Empresas Copec S.A.

Salaries Received by Key Management Personnel by Category

Key personnel salaries including directors, managers and sub-managers consist of a fixed monthly rate, with a possible annual discretionary bonus.

Pricing Strategy Terms and Conditions Corresponding to Transactions with Related Parties

Transactions with related parties are performed under market conditions.

 

F-35


Table of Contents

Detail of Relationship between Parent Company and Subsidiary

 

ID Nº

 

Company Name

 

Origin
Country

 

Functional
Currency

  % Share
12/31/2010
    % Share
12/31/2009
 
        Direct     Indirect     Total     Direct     Indirect     Total  
  Agenciamiento y Servicios Profesionales S.A.   Mexico   U.S. Dollar     0.0020        99.9970        99.9990        0.0020        99.9966        99.9986   
  Alto Paraná S.A.   Argentina   U.S. Dollar     0        99.9766        99.9766        0        99.9762        99.9762   
  Arauco Australia S.A.   Australia   U.S. Dollar     0        99.9990        99.9990        0        99.9986        99.9986   
96547510-9   Arauco Bio Energía S.A. (Arauco Generación S.A.)   Chile   U.S. Dollar     98.0000        1.9985        99.9985        98.0000        1.9985        99.9985   
  Arauco Colombia S.A.   Colombia   U.S. Dollar     1.5000        98.4980        99.9980        1.5000        98.4976        99.9976   
  Arauco Denmark Aps   Denmark   U.S. Dollar     0        99.9990        99.9990        0        99.9991        99.9991   
96765270-9   Arauco Distribución S.A.   Chile   Chilean pesos     0        99.9992        99.9992        0        99.9992        99.9992   
  Arauco Do Brasil S.A. (ex-Placas do Paraná S.A.)   Brazil   Real     2.4990        97.5000        99.9990        0        99.9986        99.9986   
  Arauco Ecuador S.A.   Ecuador   U.S. Dollar     0.1000        99.8990        99.9990        0.1000        99.8986        99.9986   
  Arauco Florestal Arapoti S.A.   Brazil   Real     0        79.9992        79.9992        0        79.9989        79.9989   
  Arauco Forest Brasil S.A.   Brazil   Real     23.1991        76.8000        99.9991        33.7137        66.2851        99.9988   
  Arauco Forest Products B.V.   Holland   U.S. Dollar     0        99.9990        99.9990        0        99.9991        99.9991   
  Arauco Holanda Cooperatief U.A.   Holland   U.S. Dollar     0        99,9990        99,9990        0        0        0   
96563550-5   Inversiones Arauco Internacional Ltda. (ex Arauco Internacional S.A.)   Chile   U.S. Dollar     98.6058        1.3932        99.9990        98.0377        1.9609        99.9986   
  Arauco Perú S.A.   Peru   U.S. Dollar     0.0013        99.9977        99.9990        0.0013        99.9973        99.9986   
  Arauco Wood Products, Inc.   USA   U.S. Dollar     0.3953        99.6037        99.9990        0.3953        99.6033        99.9986   
  Araucomex S.A. De C.V.   Mexico   U.S. Dollar     0.0005        99.9985        99.9990        0.0005        99.9981        99.9986   
96565750-9   Aserraderos Arauco S.A.   Chile   U.S. Dollar     99.0000        0.9992        99.9992        99.0000        0.9992        99.9992   
82152700-7   Bosques Arauco S.A.   Chile   U.S. Dollar     1.0000        98.9256        99.9256        1.0000        98.9256        99.9256   
  Catan Empreendimentos e Participacoes S.A.   Brazil   Real     0        99.9934        99.9934        0        0        0   
96657900-5   Controladora De Plagas Forestales S.A.   Chile   Chilean pesos     0        59.6326        59.6326        0        59.6326        59.6326   
  Empreendimentos Florestais Santa Cruz Ltda. (ex-Lucchese Empreendimentos E Participacoes Ltda.   Brazil   Real     0        99.9766        99.9766        0        99.9885        99.9885   
  Faplac S.A.   Argentina   U.S. Dollar     0        0        0        0        99.9979        99.9979   
  Flooring S.A.   Argentina   U.S. Dollar     0        0        0        0        99.9984        99.9984   
96573310-8   Forestal Arauco S.A.   Chile   U.S. Dollar     99.9248        0        99.9248        99.9248        0        99.9248   
85805200-9   Forestal Celco S.A.   Chile   U.S. Dollar     1.0000        98.9256        99.9256        1.0000        98.9256        99.9256   
93838000-7   Forestal Cholguán S.A.   Chile   U.S. Dollar     0        97.4281        97.4281        0        97.4281        97.4281   
78049140-K   Forestal Los Lagos S.A.   Chile   U.S. Dollar     0        79.9405        79.9405        0        79.9405        79.9405   
  Forestal Misiones S.A.   Argentina   U.S. Dollar     0        0        0        0        99.9885        99.9885   
  Forestal Nuestra Señora Del Carmen S.A.   Argentina   U.S. Dollar     9.1600        90.8391        99.9991        9.1600        90.8387        99.9987   
96567940-5   Forestal Valdivia S.A.   Chile   U.S. Dollar     1.0000        98.9256        99.9256        1.0000        98.9256        99.9256   
  Industrias Forestales S.A.   Argentina   U.S. Dollar     9.9770        90.0221        99.9991        9.9770        90.0217        99.9987   
  Inversiones Celco S.L.   Spain   U.S. Dollar     0        99.9990        99.9990        0        99.9986        99.9986   
79990550-7   Investigaciones Forestales Bioforest S.A.   Chile   Chilean pesos     1.0000        98.9256        99.9256        1.0000        98.9256        99.9256   
  Leasing Forestal S.A.   Argentina   U.S. Dollar     0        99.9771        99.9771        0        99.9767        99.9767   
  Mahal Empreendimentos e Participacoes S.A.   Brazil   Real     0        99.9934        99.9934        0        0        0   
96510970-6   Paneles Arauco S.A.   Chile   U.S. Dollar     99.0000        0.9992        99.9992        99.0000        0.9992        99.9992   
  Savitar (Forestal Talavera S.A.)   Argentina   U.S. Dollar     0        99.9944        99.9944        0        99.9985        99.9985   
96637330-K   Servicios Logísticos Arauco S.A.   Chile   U.S. Dollar     45.0000        54.9995        99.9995        45.0000        54.9995        99.9995   

Subsidiaries listed in the above table and special purpose entity Fondo de Inversión Bío Bío and its subsidiary Forestal Río Grande S.A. are included in the consolidation process.

Termination Benefits received by Key Management Personnel

 

     January-December  
   2010
ThU.S.$
     2009
ThU.S.$
     2008
ThU.S.$
 

Salaries and bonus

     44,386         33,128         32,869   

Diet Directory

     1,456         1,333         1,454   

Termination benefits

     2,296         963         957   

Total

     48,138         35,424         35,280   

 

F-36


Table of Contents

Related Party Receivables

 

Name of Related Party

 

Corresponding
ID No.

 

Nature of
Relationship

 

Country
of Origin

 

Currency

Rate

 

Maximum
Maturity

  12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Forestal Mininco S.A.

  91,440,000-7   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     21        169   

CMPC Celulosa S.A.

  96,532,330-9   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     536        0   

Eka Chile S.A.

  99,500,140-3   Associates   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     3,665        0   

Forestal del Sur S.A.

  79,825,060-4   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     4,032        3,247   

Stora Enso Arapoti Industria de Papel S.A.

    Associates   Brazil   Real   30 days     1,112        818   

Fundación Educacional Arauco

  71,625,000-8   Other related party   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     340        717   

Dynea Brasil S.A.

    Associates   Brazil   Real   30 days     0        96   

El Esparragal Asoc. Agraria de Resp. Ltda.

    Other related party   Uruguay   U.S. Dollar   30 days     0        11,280   

Colbún S.A.

  96,505,760-9   Other related party   Chile   U.S. Dollar   30 days     8,368        0   
                         

Total

              18,074        16,327   
                         

Related Party Payables

 

Name of Related Party

 

Corresponding
ID No.

 

Nature of
Relationship

 

Country
of Origin

 

Currency

Rate

 

Maximum
Maturity

  12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Compañia de Petróleos de Chile S.A.

  99,520,000-7   Affiliate of shareholder   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     5,989        7,823   

Abastible S.A.

  91,806,000-6   Affiliate of shareholder   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     233        326   

Depósitos Portuarios Lirquén S.A.

  96,871,870-3   Other related party   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     32        4   

Eka Chile S.A.

  99,500,140-3   Associates   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     0        847   

Empresas Copec S.A.

  90,690,000-9   Parent Company   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     27        0   

Sigma S.A.

  86,370,800-1   Other related party   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     3        0   

Portaluppi, Guzmán y Bezanilla Abogados

  78,096,080-9   Other related party   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     131        0   

Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones S.A.

  92,580,000-7   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     27        7   

Servicios Corporativos Sercor S.A.

  96,925,430-1   Associates   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     4        4   

Puerto de Lirquén S.A.

  82,777,100-7   Associates   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     655        595   

Compañía Puerto de Coronel S.A.

  79,895,330-3   Associates   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     237        530   

CMPC Maderas S.A.

  95,304,000-K   Other related party   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     1,826        0   

Sodimac S.A.

  92,792,430-K   Other related party   Chile   Chilean pesos   30 days     45        0   
                         

Total

              9,209        10,136   
                         

Related party transactions

Purchases

 

Name of Related Party

 

Corresponding
ID No.

 

Nature of
Relationship

 

Country
of Origin

 

Currency

Rate

 

Transaction
Detail

  12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Abastible S.A.

  91,806,000-6   Affiliate of shareholder   Chile   Chilean pesos   Fuel     2,897        2,500   

Empresas Copec S.A.

  90,690,000-9   Parent Company   Chile   Chilean pesos   Management service     272        294   

Compañia de Petróleos de Chile S.A.

  99,520,000-7   Affiliate of shareholder   Chile   Chilean pesos   Fuel and lubricant     71,424        69,638   

Compañía Puerto de Coronel S.A.

  79,895,330-3   Associates   Chile   Chilean pesos   Transport and stowage     4,100        4,390   

Codelco Chile

  61,704,000-k   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   Supplies     1,367        2,186   

Dynea Brasil S.A.

    Associates   Brazil   Real   Chemical products     9,695        27,596   

Dynea Brasil S.A.

    Associates   Brazil   Real   Melamine paper     5,466        18,917   

Eka Chile S.A.

  99,500,140-3   Associates   Chile   Chilean pesos   Sodium chlorate     39,338        57,340   

Eka Chile S.A.

  99,500,140-3   Associates   Chile   Chilean pesos   Supplies     0        547   

Forestal del Sur S.A.

  79,825,060-4   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   Wood and logs     1,087        1,145   

Portaluppi, Guzmán y Bezanilla Abogados

  78,096,080-9   Other related party   Chile   Chilean pesos   Legal services     1,344        1,480   

Puerto de Lirquén S.A.

  82,777,100-7   Associates   Chile   Chilean pesos   Port services     7,049        8,162   

Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones S.A.

  92,580,000-7   Asociates   Chile   Chilean pesos   Telephone services     252        224   

Sodimac S.A.

  96,792,430-k   Associates   Chile   Chilean pesos   Other purchases     248        5   

CMPC Maderas S.A.

  95,304,000-k   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   Logs and fixed asset     49        325   

Forestal Mininco S.A.

  91,440,000-7   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   Logs and others     705        116   

CMPC Celulosa S.A.

  96,532,330-8   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   Other purchases     893        125   

 

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Sales

 

Name of Related Party

 

Corresponding
ID No.

 

Nature of
Relationship

 

Country of
Origin

     

Transaction Detail

  12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Colbún S.A.

  96,505,760-9   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   Electrical power     2,418        12,342   

Colbún S.A.

  96,505,760-9   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   Other sales     9,179        118   

Dynea Brasil S.A.

    Associates   Brazil   Real   Management service     160        529   

Dynea Brasil S.A.

    Associates   Brazil   Real   Fuel     259        682   

Eka Chile S.A.

  99,500,140-3   Associates   Chile   Chilean pesos   Electrical power     26,277        19,580   

Sodimac S.A.

  96,792,430-k   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   Wood     35,873        29,688   

Stora Enso Industria de Papel S.A.

    Associates   Brazil   Real   Wood     8,839        7,457   

Forestal del Sur S.A.

  79,825,060-4   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   Woodchip     26,985        16,689   

Forestal Mininco S.A.

  91,440,000-7   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   Wood     2,061        823   

CMPC Celulosa S.A.

  96,532,330-8   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   Inputs     4,567        192   

Cartulinas CMPC S.A.

  96,731,890-6   Indirect   Chile   Chilean pesos   Pulp     16,225        0   

NOTE 14. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (IAS 27)

Subsidiaries are all entities over which Arauco has the power to manage financial and operational policies. This generally means holding more than one half of the voting rights of such entities. Stock held in an entity and the effect of the potential voting rights that are currently being exercised or converted are considered when evaluating whether the Company controls another entity. Subsidiaries are consolidated as of the date on which control is transferred to the Company, and are excluded when control is terminated.

Arauco applies the purchase method to record a business combination. Acquisition cost is the fair value of assets delivered, of equity instruments issued and of the liabilities incurred or committed at the date of exchange, plus all direct costs attributable to the acquisition. Identifiable acquired assets and liabilities as well as the contingencies committed to in business combinations are initially recognized at fair value at the date of acquisition, despite minority interest scope. Excess of acquisition cost over the Fair Value of the Company’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If this is less than Fair Value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized directly in the statement of income.

All intercompany transactions, accounts receivable, accounts payable and intercompany unrealized income are eliminated.

Disclosure of Subsidiary Investments

On June 28 and July 14, 2010 the Alto Paraná subsidiary made two additional capital contributions to the brasilian society Empreendimentos Florestais Santa Cruz Ltda. The first amount of ThReal$17,150 (ThU.S.$9,649), and the second one in the amount of ThReal$880 (ThU.S.$502). The abovementioned investments were done as part of the expansion policy of the business throughout the acquisition of forest assets in Brazil. That operation will be carried out by the related society Catan Empreendimentos e Participaçiónes S.A., of which, Empreendimentos Florestais Santa Cruz Ltda. and Arauco Forest Brasil S.A. owns the 25.24% and 74.76%, respectively.

On February 2, March 12, May 10 and July 9, 2010 capital contributions amounted to ThU.S.$2,000 each one, were made to the associated company Inversiones Puerto Coronel S.A.

On March 15, 2010 Arauco, through its subsidiary Placas do Paraná S.A. (now Arauco do Brasil S.A.) made a contribution of ThU.S.$15,000 to acquire 50% of the shares of Dynea Brasil S.A. This resulted in Placas do Paraná S.A. (now Arauco do Brasil S.A.) holding 100% of participation in Dynea Brasil S.A. This investment generated negative goodwill of ThU.S.$1,113 presented in the income statement under Other income (loss).

Dynea Brasil S.A. was merged by Placas do Paraná S.A. in April, 2010.

On January 4, 2010, the societary reorganization was approved as a consequence of the merging by absorption done by the subsidiary Alto Paraná S.A, of Faplac S.A. and Flooring S.A. effective last January 1, 2010.

 

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On 26 August, 2009, Placas do Paraná S.A., Arauco’s Brazilian subsidiary, acquired 100% shares of the company Tafisa Brasil SA (now Arauco do Brasil S.A.) through a purchase agreement signed with SCS Beheer, B.V. and Tafiber-Tableros de Fibras Ibéricos, S.L., subsidiaries of Sonae Indústria, SGPS, S.A. Placas do Paraná S.A. paid ThU.S.$166,977 for Tafisa Brasil S.A.’ shares. As of December 31, 2009, goodwill was estimated to be ThU.S.$56,657. The acquisition of this partnership will allow Arauco to strengthen its presence in the Brazilian market for fiberboards, where it is already involved through Placas do Paraná S.A.

On January 1, 2010, Placas do Paraná S.A. was merged with Arauco do Brasil S.A.

On June 30, 2009, Arauco through its subsidiary Arauco Internacional S.A., acquired 80% of Savitar (Forestal Talavera S.A.) for ThU.S.$10,131. Previously, on March 28, 2008, through its subsidiary Faplac S.A., Arauco Internacional S.A. acquired 20% of Savitar. This acquisition generated an income of ThU.S.$701 presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income under Other income (loss).

The following tables detail the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired at the acquisition date, as disclosed in Note 4:

 

Dynea Brasil S.A.

   03/15/2010
ThU.S.$
 

Cash

     8,023   

Trade accounts receivable

     3,621   

Inventory

     4,535   

Property, plant and equipment

     29,212   

Deferred income tax

     140   

Other assets

     933   
        

Total Assets

     46,464   
        

Trade payables

     6,707   

Deferred income tax

     8,267   

Other liabilities

     854   
        

Total Liabilities

     15,828   
        

Tafisa S.A.

   08/26/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Cash

     2,891   

Trade accounts receivable

     29,141   

Inventory

     19,699   

Property, plant and equipment

     253,407   

Deferred income tax

     26,133   

Other assets

     7,949   
        

Total Assets

     339,220   
        

Bank loans

     26,799   

Trade payables

     32,306   

Deferred income tax

     54,341   

Provisions(*)

     31,250   

Other liabilities

     84,204   
        

Total Liabilities

     228,900   
        

 

(*) corresponds to legal provisions (see Note 18)

 

 

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Savitar (Forestal Talavera S.A.)

   06/30/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Cash

     106   

Trade accounts receivable

     116   

Property, plant and equipment

     15,302   

Biological assets

     3,113   

Other assets

     278   
        

Total Assets

     18,915   
        

Trade payables

     505   

Deferred income tax

     5,888   

Other liabilities

     49   
        

Total Liabilities

     6,442   
        

Goodwill and negative goodwill for investments presented in the tables above is as follows:

 

2010

   Dynea
ThU.S.$
 

Paid value

     15,000   

50% acquired in previous years

     14,523   

Fair value of assets and liabilities acquired

     (30,636

Negative goodwill

     (1,113

 

2009

   Tafisa
ThU.S.$
     Savitar
ThU.S.$
 

Paid value

     166,977         10,131   

20% acquired in 2008

     0         1,641   

Fair value of assets and liabilities acquired

     110,320         12,473   

Goodwill (Negative goodwill)

     56,657         (701

Details of the subsidiaries are set out in Note 13.

 

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Summarized financial information of major subsidiaries of Arauco:

 

Significant subsidiary

     Aserraderos Arauco   

Country of incorporation

     S.A. Chile   

Functional currency

     U.S. Dollar   

Percentage of participation

     99.9992%   
     12/31/2010  
     Assets
ThU.S.$
     Liabilities
ThU.S.$
 

Current subsidiary

     397,995         71,576   

Non-current of subsidiary

     245,817         19,535   

Total subsidiary

     643,812         91,111   

 

     12/31/2009  
     Assets
ThU.S.$
     Liabilities
ThU.S.$
 

Current subsidiary

     302,576         35,901   

Non-current of subsidiary

     234,402         18,368   

Total subsidiary

     536,978         54,269   

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Income of subsidiary

     525,587        399,227   

Expenses of subsidiary

     (456,390     (389,699

Net Gain (loss) of subsidiary

     69,197        9,528   

 

Significant subsidiary

     Paneles Arauco S.A.   

Country of incorporation

     Chile   

Functional currency

     U.S. Dollar   

Percentage of participation

     99.9992%   
     12/31/2010  
     Assets
ThU.S.$
     Liabilities
ThU.S.$
 

Current subsidiary

     451,136         51,677   

Non-current of subsidiary

     314,987         86,999   

Total subsidiary

     766,123         138,676   

 

     12/31/2009  
     Assets
ThU.S.$
     Liabilities
ThU.S.$
 

Current subsidiary

     367,666         44,467   

Non-current of subsidiary

     308,499         85,605   

Total subsidiary

     676,165         130,072   

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Income of subsidiary

     574,697        463,720   

Expenses of subsidiary

     (494,378     (418,640

Net Gain (loss) of subsidiary

     80,319        45,080   

 

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Significant subsidiary

    
 
Arauco Internacional
S.A.
  
  

Country of incorporation

     Chile   

Functional currency

     U.S. Dollar   

Percentage of participation

     99.9986%   
     12/31/2010  
     Assets
ThU.S.$
     Liabilities
ThU.S.$
 

Current subsidiary

     43,804         1,931   

Non-current of subsidiary

     1,954,721         2,220   

Total subsidiary

     1,998,525         4,151   

 

     12/31/2009  
     Assets
ThU.S.$
     Liabilities
ThU.S.$
 

Current subsidiary

     33,259         440,632   

Non-current of subsidiary

     1,701,745         2,377   

Total subsidiary

     1,735,004         443,009   

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Income of subsidiary

     100,441        140,075   

Expenses of subsidiary

     (22,559     (18,453

Net Gain (loss) of subsidiary

     77,882        121,622   

 

Significant subsidiary

     Forestal Arauco S.A.   

Country of incorporation

     Chile   

Functional currency

     U.S. Dollar   

Percentage of participation

     99.9248%   
     12/31/2010  
     Assets
ThU.S.$
     Liabilities
ThU.S.$
 

Current subsidiary

     9,311         313,024   

Non-current of subsidiary

     2,917,877         337   

Total subsidiary

     2,927,188         313,361   

 

     12/31/2009  
     Assets
ThU.S.$
     Liabilities
ThU.S.$
 

Current subsidiary

     8,639         320,487   

Non-current of subsidiary

     2,900,808         290   

Total subsidiary

     2,909,447         320,777   

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Income of subsidiary

     54,420        38,511   

Expenses of subsidiary

     (30,194     (21,724

Net Gain (loss) of subsidiary

     24,226        16,787   

 

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NOTE 15. INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATES (IAS 28)

The following table shows information on Investments in Associates as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively:

 

Name of Associate

  Puerto de Lirquén S.A.

Country of Incorporation of Associate

  Chile

Functional Currency

  U.S. Dollar

Main Activities of Associate

  Dock and warehousing operations for owned assets and third parties, loading and unloading of all classes of goods, as well as warehousing, transportation and mobilization operations

Percentage Share in Associate %

  20.13809%
   

12/31/2010

 

12/31/2009

Investment in Associate

  ThU.S.$44,077   ThU.S.$41,341

 

Name of Associate

  Inversiones Puerto Coronel S.A.

Country of Incorporation of Associate

  Chile

Functional Currency

  U.S. Dollar

Main Activities of Associate

  Investments in movables and real estate, company acquisitions, securities and investment instruments, investment management and development and/or participation in businesses and companies related to industrial, shipping, forest and commercial activities.

Percentage Share in Associate %

  50.00%
   

12/31/2010

 

12/31/2009

Investment in Associate

  ThU.S.$31,453   ThU.S.$24,435

 

Name of Associate

  Servicios Corporativos Sercor S.A.

Country of Incorporation of Associate

  Chile

Functional Currency

  Pesos

Main Activities of Associate

  Consulting services to Boards of Directors and Management of companies related to Business Management

Percentage Share in Associate %

  20.00%
   

12/31/2010

 

12/31/2009

Investment in Associate

  ThU.S.$1,349   ThU.S.$1,263

 

Name of Associate

  Dynea Brasil S.A.

Country of Incorporation of Associate

  Brazil

Functional Currency

  Real

Main Activities of Associate

 

a) Production and sale of resins;

b) Paper Impregnation for panel coating and commercialization

Percentage Share in Associate %

  Merged (see Note 14)   50.00%
   

12/31/2010

 

12/31/2009

Investment in Associate

    Th U.S.$14,514

 

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Name of Associate

  Stora Enso Arapoti Industria de Papel S.A.

Country of Incorporation of Associate

  Brazil

Functional Currency

  Real

Main Activities of Associate

  Industrialization and commercialization of paper and cellulose, raw materials and by-products

Percentage Share in Associate %

  20.00%
   

12/31/2010

 

12/31/2009

Investment in Associate

  ThU.S.$38,694   ThU.S.$36,851

 

Name of Associate

  Genómica Forestal S.A.

Country of Incorporation of Associate

  Chile

Functional Currency

  Pesos

Main Activities of Associate

  Developing forestry genomics, through the use of biotechnological, molecular and bioinformatic tools with the purpose of strengthening company genetic programs and improving the competitive position of the Chilean forestry industry for priority species.

Percentage Share in Associate %

  25.00%
   

12/31/2010

 

12/31/2009

Investment in Associate

  ThU.S.$62   ThU.S.$31

Summarized financial Information of Associates

 

     12/31/2010  
     Assets
ThU.S.$
     Liabilities
ThU.S.$
 

Current assets

     108,108         38,565   

Non-current assets

     390,685         10,523   

Equity

     0         449,705   

Total Associates(*)

     498,793         498,793   

 

     12/31/2009  
     Assets
ThU.S.$
     Liabilities
ThU.S.$
 

Current assets

     124,799         46,663   

Non-current assets

     377,004         21,324   

Equity

     0         433,816   

Total Associates(*)

     501,803         501,803   

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Ordinary income

     261,860        254,620   

Ordinary expenses

     (255,704     (236,045

Net income (loss)(*)

     6,156        18,575   

 

(*) Includes Investments in associates that do not qualify as Joint Ventures.

 

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Movement in Investment in Associates and Joint Ventures

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Investments in associates accounted for using the equity method, opening balance

     476,101        141,590   

Investment Changes in Associate Companies

    

Investment in Associates and joint ventures, Additions

     62,559        266,210   

Negative goodwill immediately recognized

     1,113        36,170   

Gain for incorporation in joint ventures

     0        28,167   

Equity in income (Loss) investments in associates

     1,906        4,084   

Equity in income (Loss) joint ventures

     (9,599     2,537   

Dividends Received, Investments in Associates

     (5,737     (20,221

Increase (Decrease) in foreign exchange translation of investment in associates

     1,045        16,125   

Other Increase (Decrease) in investment in associates

     (29,184     1,439   
                

Changes in Associate Company Investments, Total

     22,103        334,511   
                

Investments in Associates accounted for using the equity method, closing balance

     498,204        476,101   
                

NOTE 16. INTERESTS IN JOINT VENTURES (IAS 31)

These investments are presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet together with investments in associates and measured by using the equity method.

If a Joint Venture associate incurs negative equity as a result of legal or implicit obligations of its associate, or has made payments on behalf of its associate, then it must recognize a liability by reducing the value of the investment to zero until the associate generates income that would reverse the negative equity previously generated due to the losses.

Realized Investments

During the year ended December 31, 2010 there are no investments in joint ventures to disclose.

Investments in Uruguay during 2009

a) Stora Enso Amsterdam B.V.-Forestal Cono Sur S.A. joint venture

On October 1, 2009 Stora Enso Amsterdam B.V. (a subsidiary of the transnational Swedish-Finnish company Stora Enso Oyj) agreed to provide 100% of the shares of Stora Enso Uruguay S.A, to Forestal Cono Sur S.A., a subsidiary of Arauco in Uruguay at that date and Arauco agreed to provide 50% of the shares of Forestal Cono Sur S.A. to Stora Enso Amsterdam B.V., resulting in a change of control of this subsidiary. Hence, Arauco has a 50% of participation in Forestal Cono Sur S.A. For accounting purposes, Arauco elected to early adopt IAS 27R “Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements” and recorded an income as a result of the incorporation of the joint venture of ThU.S.$ 28,167, which is presented in the Financial Income Statement in the line Other income (loss).

b) Arauco Internacional S.A.-Stora Enso Amsterdam B.V. joint venture

On October 16, 2009, Arauco, through its subsidiary Arauco Internacional S.A, acquired, jointly and in equal parts with the Finnish-Swedish multinational company Stora Enso Oyj (Stora Enso), through its subsidiary Stora Enso Amsterdam B.V., the following subsidiaries in Uruguay from the Spanish Grupo Empresarial ENCE, S.A. (“Ence”): Eufores S.A. (along with its subsidiaries El Esparragal Asociación Agraria de Responsabilidad Ltda.,

 

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and Terminal Logística e Industrial M’Bopicuá S.A), Celulosa y Energia Punta Pereira S.A. and Zona Franca Punta Pereira S.A. The 50% paid by Arauco amounted to ThU.S.$116,279, which generated an income of ThU.S.$36,170.

The following table details the income recognized upon acquisition:

 

     Grupo Ence
ThU.S.$
 

Equity at fair value at purchase date

     304,898   
        

50% of participation purchased by Arauco

     152,449   

Consideration paid

     116,279   

Negative goodwill immediately recognized

     36,170   

The assets and liabilities at fair value at the respective operations date, are presented in the following tables:

 

Forestal Cono Sur S.A. Consolidated

   10/01/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Cash

     187   

Trade and Other receivables

     6,157   

Inventories

     1,522   

Property, plant and equipment

     199,657   

Biological assets

     52,805   

Other assets

     4,171   
        

Total Assets

     264,499   
        

Trade payables

     2,481   

Deferred taxes

     1,656   

Other liabilities

     3,744   
        

Total liabilities

     7,881   
        

 

Ence Group

   10/16/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Cash

     3   

Trade and Other receivables

     52,892   

Inventories

     7,285   

Property, plant and equipment

     254,040   

Biological assets

     136,437   

Other assets

     5,041   
        

Total Assets

     455,698   
        

Bank loans

     37,013   

Trade and Other payables

     108,432   

Deferred taxes

     170   

Other liabilities

     4,493   
        

Total liabilities

     150,108   
        

The main assets acquired from Ence are: 130,000 hectares of land (of which 73,000 hectares are forestry plantations and 6,000 hectares are under agreements with third parties); one industrial site, the necessary environmental permits for the construction of a pulp mill; a river terminal; one chip producing mill, and one nursery.

All these assets are added to the land and plantations that Stora Enso and Arauco control through a joint venture in Uruguay, which currently maintains forestry equity of approximately 254,000 hectares of land, of which 135,740 hectares are planted.

 

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At a later date, as mentioned in above paragraphs, during 2009, Arauco made contributions to Forestal Cono Sur S.A. and Ence Group that amounted to ThU.S.$2,000 and ThU.S.$10,000, respectively. In 2010, Arauco made capital contributions to these companies of a total of ThU.S.$39,559.

The investments in Uruguay mentioned above qualify as joint ventures because of existing contracts that stipulate that both Arauco and Stora Enso maintain joint control of such investments.

Furthermore, Arauco holds a 50% share in Eka Chile S.A. (“Eka”), a company that sells sodium chlorate to cellulose plants in Chile. A contractual agreement in effect between and Arauco and this company has permitted Arauco and Eka to initiate certain joint venture activities.

Summary Financial Information of significant investments in Joint Ventures

 

     12/31/2010      12/31/2009  

Forestal Cono Sur S.A. (consolidated)

   Assets
ThU.S.$
    Liabilities
ThU.S.$
     Assets
ThU.S.$
    Liabilities
ThU.S.$
 

Current

     13,735        4,792         5,392        3,122   

Non-Current

     274,224        13,060         259,307        1,726   

Equity

     0        270,107         0        259,851   

Total Joint Venture

     287,959        287,959         264,699        264,699   
                     

Investment

     135,054           129,925     
                     
     12/31/2010            12/31/2009        

Income

     3,372           1,252     

Expenses

     (9,337        (2,045  

Joint Venture Net Incomr (Loss)

     (5,965        (793  

 

     12/31/2010      12/31/2009  

Eufores S.A. (consolidated)

   Assets
ThU.S.$
    Liabilities
ThU.S.$
     Assets
ThU.S.$
    Liabilities
ThU.S.$
 

Current

     26,252        31,120         31,539        61,752   

Non-Current

     415,532        23,358         404,459        22,742   

Equity

     0        387,306         0        351,504   

Total Joint Venture

     441,784        441,784         435,998        435,998   
                     

Investment

     193,653           175,752     
                     
     12/31/2010            12/31/2009        

Income

     43,298           5,885     

Expenses

     (51,318        (5,029  

Joint Venture Net Income (Loss)

     (8,020        856     

 

     12/31/2010      12/31/2009  

Eka Chile S.A.

   Assets
ThU.S.$
    Liabilities
ThU.S.$
     Assets
ThU.S.$
    Liabilities
ThU.S.$
 

Current

     19,546        6,582         30,612        6,325   

Non-Current

     31,524        3,768         33,475        3,942   

Equity

     0        40,720         0        53,820   

Total Joint Venture

     51,070        51,070         64,087        64,087   
                     

Investment

     20,360           26,910     
                     
     12/31/2010            12/31/2009        

Income

     42,467           61,866     

Expenses

     (45,454        (57,210  

Joint Venture Net Income (Loss)

     (2,987        4,656     

 

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NOTE 17. IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS (IAS 36)

The recoverable amount of tangible assets is measured whenever there is an indication that the asset may have suffered deterioration of its value. Among the factors to consider as evidence of impairment are the diminution in market value of assets, significant changes in the technological environment, obsolescence or physical impairment of assets and changes in the way the asset is used or expected to be used (which could involve its disuse). Arauco evaluates at the end of each reporting period whether there is any evidence of the factors above mentioned.

For this evaluation, assets are grouped into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows independently.

At the end of this accounting period, there were impairment indicators resulting of the following information:

Effect from economic crisis

The decrease in demand for sawn timber products due primarily to the credit crisis and the continued downturn in the real estate market in the United States have led Arauco to decide to permanently close during the fiscal year 2009 and 2008, and during first months of 2010 Arauco had stopped activities of the following sawmills: La Araucana, Escuadrón, Lomas Coloradas, Coronel, Coelemu, Horcones II, and the remanufacturing plant Lomas Coloradas. All closed facilities are located in Chile.

During May 2010, Horcones II plant started to operate again and in June the Plant of Coronel was sold. By the continuing investment in equipments and technologies and more intensive use of our facilities, an important part of the production capacity of the plants have been supplied, and determined that the closure of Araucana, Escuadron, Aserradero Lomas Coloradas, Coelemu and Remanufacturas Lomas Coloradas plants is considered as permanent. To the closing date of these Consolidated Financial Statements, the assets associated with these plants located in Chile are classified as Assets held for sale, as mentioned in Note 22.

Due to the complex market situation since the beginning of 2009 that came through Bosseti sawmill operation located in Argentina, the Company decided to close it in December 2010 and to adapt its operational structure to the reality of the business, converting the operation using its land and buildings as a logistic center. At December 31, 2010, the Company registered ThU.S.$2,000 as impairment provision related with machinery and installations which there is even no decision about their destination.

The recoverable value of the permanently closed facilities was determined based on sales estimates and residual value, making the corresponding provision in the event that the recoverable value is less than the book value. These estimates were made by both external and internal evaluators.

Effect from the earthquake

Immediately after the earthquake that impacted the southern central region of Chile on February 27, 2010, area in which the Company maintains its industrial operations, all of our production units applied their contingency plans, which involved shutting down operations and evaluating the damage caused to each facility by the earthquake.

Mutrún sawmill located in Constitución was destroyed by floodwaters. This facility represented a 6% of the Arauco’ saw timber production capacity in Chile.

Arauco’s industrial facilities, 34 in Chile, have resumed their activities in the shortest time possible. As of the date of this Financial Statement, all of its facilities are operating including line II of the Arauco Pulp Mill from February, 2011.

 

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The suspension of the Company’s operations in Chile resulted in a decrease in sales volumes and adverse effects on the result of the Company.

Insurances

Damages caused by the earthquake are adequately covered by the following insurance policies:

 

   

All risk of physical assets and income (loss)

 

   

All transport risk and all inventory losses

 

   

Residential Fire

 

   

All construction risk

Financial Statement as of December 31, 2010 includes:

U.S.$99 million registered under Trade and Other Receivables for future compensations, associated with physical damages (U.S.$80 million) and operational costs (U.S.$19 million).

These Consolidated Financial Statements include a payment compensation amounting to U.S.$285 million, basically associated with physical damages (U.S.$105 million) and operational costs and losses caused by downtime (U.S.$180 million).

Related expenses to the damaged produced by the earthquake has been recognized at the moment when events occurred, but accounts receivable from insurance companies related to this expenses, and the effects of the downtime of the plant as a consequence of this event, are recognized only when this charges are virtually certain.

Cash-Generating Unit with Impaired Assets

Information on Impaired Assets as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 respectively:

 

Type of Impaired Asset

   Saw mill

Principal Segment to be reported, Cash-generating Unit

   Sawn Timber

Terms and Conditions used to Determine Fair Value Less Sales Costs

   Internal and Third party assessments

Key Assumptions Used to Determine Recoverable amounts

   Fair value less sales cost

 

Impairment

   12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

La Araucana Saw Mill

     0         498   

Escuadrón Saw Mill

     0         1,285   

Lomas Coloradas Saw Mill

     0         937   

Coronel Saw Mill

     0         3,167   

Coelemu Saw Mill

     0         99   

Bosseti Saw Mill

     2,000         0   

Remanufactura Lomas Coloradas Plant

     0         0   

Total impairment of Cash-generating unit

     2,000         5,986   

 

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Disclosure of Asset Impairment

Information on Impairment of Property, plant and equipment due to technical obsolescence and damages from the earthquake and tsunami as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009:

 

Disclosure of Asset Impairment

   

Principal classes of Assets affected by Impairment and Reversion Losses

  Machinery and Equipment

Principal Facts and Circumstances that lead to Recognizing Impairment and Reversions losses

  Technical Obsolescence
   

12/31/2010

 

12/31/2009

Information relevant to the sum of all impairment

  ThU.S.$2,682   ThU.S.$2,536

 

Disclosure of Asset Impairment

   

Principal classes of Assets affected by Impairment and Reversion Losses

 

 

Buildings and Structures

Machinery and Equipment

Other assets

Principal Facts and Circumstances that lead to Recognizing Impairment and Reversions losses

  Earthquake and tsunami
   

12/31/2010

  

12/31/2009

Information relevant to the sum of all impairment

  ThU.S.$144,207   

The following tables show information on the Impairment provision on Property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2010:

 

Property, plant and equipment provision

   ThU.S.$  

Opening balance at 01-01-2010

     8,522   

Increased provision (earthquake damages)

     149,601   

Impairment reversion(1)

     (2,455

Impairment reversion for sale

     (3,034

Impairment reversion for Assets held for sale

     (3,745
        

Closing balance at 12-31-2010

     148,889   
        

 

(1) Aserraderos Mutrún assets that were write-off.

Goodwill

Goodwill is allocated to the groups of cash-generating units that generate such goodwill. The goodwill generated by the investment in Arauco do Brazil (formerly Tafisa) was assigned to the Pien panel segment plant. The recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit was determined based on calculations of its value in use. For this calculation we used the projected cash flows based on the operational plan approved by the management covering a period of 10 years, applying a discount rate of 10%, which does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the panel segment in Brazil. At December 31, 2010 this goodwill amounted to ThU.S.$63,374 (ThU.S.$60,642 at December 31, 2009). The variation is due only to the conversion adjustment to Real, which is the functional currency for the subsidiaries in Brazil, therefore, there has been no impairment provision.

NOTE 18. PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT ASSETS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (IAS 37)

Lawsuits or other Legal Proceedings

Discussed below are causes for contingent liabilities that Arauco deems relevant to report:

1) (i) On October 8, 2007, the Federal Administration of Public Income (Administración Federal de Ingresos Públicos) (“AFIP”) initiated an ex oficio procedure against the Company’ Argentine affiliate Alto Paraná S.A. (“APSA”) questioning whether APSA erred in deducting from its income tax liability certain expenses, interest payments and exchange rate differences generated by Private Negotiable Obligations which were issued by APSA in 2001 and paid in 2007.

 

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On November 20, 2007, APSA submitted a counterclaim to the claims presented by AFIP, completely rejecting all AFIP’s allegations and asserting legal arguments that justify its actions in the determination of its tax burden.

On December 14, 2007, AFIP notified APSA that its counterclaim had been dismissed, thus issuing an ex-oficio ruling and ordering the payment, within 15 working days, of the calculated income tax difference for the 2002, 2003 and 2004 fiscal years, which includes the principal amount owed, interest and fines.

On February 11, 2008, APSA appealed the aforementioned ruling before the National Tax Court (Tribunal Fiscal de la Nación) (“TFN”).

On February 8, 2010, APSA was notified of TFN’s ruling, which confirmed the ruling issued by AFIP, with court expenses, based on arguments different from those that justified AFIP’s ex-oficio decision. This decision by the TFN extinguished the administrative process. As a result, the Company’s only remaining option was to pursue a remedy before the Contentious Administrative Matters Federal Appeals Court (Cámara de Apelaciones en lo Contencioso Administrativo Federal) (“CACAF”) and, subsequently, the National Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación).

On February 15, 2010, APSA appealed before the CACAF, making all necessary submissions with the purpose of attaining a revocation of the contested decision. APSA paid litigation fees (tasa de justicia) in the amount of $5,886,053 Argentine Pesos (ThU.S.$1,481 at December 31, 2010).

On March 18, 2010, the CACAF, issued a court decree in which it ordered the AFIP to refrain from requesting the blocking of preventive interim relief measures, administratively demanding payment, issuing debt invoices, or initiating judicial collection actions, including seizure of property and other enforcement measures, against APSA until CACAF reaches a decision on APSA’s request for precautionary measures.

On May 13, 2010, the Federal Appeal Court decided to accept the precautionary ruling requested by APSA, ordering to suspend the enforcement of the AFIP resolution until the final decision on this matter. This precautionary ruling was granted by the Federal Appeal Court subject to the granting of a corresponding bond. On May 19, 2010, APSA filed with the Appeal Court a surety policy issued by Zurich Argentina Cía. de Seguros S.A. After some precisions made by APSA on the abovementioned policy, on June 2, 2010, the Federal Appeal Court accepted this surety filed by APSA and ordered to notify the precautionary ruling granted to the AFIP. On June 4, 2010 the AFIP was notified on this precautionary ruling, which is final since June 22, 2010.

In spite of the TFN’s ruling, the opinion issued by APSA’s external counsel continued to be that APSA has proceeded in a lawful manner in deducting the amount questioned by the State. External counsel maintains that there is a good chance that the TFN’s ruling will be overruled and that the AFIP’s ex-oficio decision will be rendered without effect. Due to the above, no provisions have been recognized for the periods in which the Negotiable Obligations were in force.

(ii) Within the course of this case’s proceedings, and particularly regarding payment of the litigation fees (tasa de justicia) before the TFN, on July 18, 2008, the Examining Officer ordered APSA to pay $10,447,705 Argentine Pesos (ThU.S.$2,629 at December 31, 2010) as payment of Tasa de Actuación (Litigation Fee) before the TFN. On August 14 2008, APSA filed a petition with the court requesting that this order be reconsidered, or in the alternative, rejected on the grounds that the requested amount was unreasonable. APSA provided evidence that it had paid $1,634,914 Argentine Pesos (ThU.S.$411 at December 31, 2010), considering that this was the actual amount due, pursuant to Law, for the Tasa de Actuación (Litigation Fee). On April 13, 2010, the First Courtroom of the CACAF denied APSA’s appeal. On April 26, APSA filed an ordinary appeal against the latter decree before the Supreme Court of the Justice, the resolution of which is still pending. In order to avoid having the appeal denied by the Appeals Court or it being declared inadmissible by the Supreme Court of Justice, and to properly defend APSA’s rights, an extraordinary appeal was filed on May 6, 2010. Based on their analysis of the grounds underlying the appeal, APSA’s counsel has an optimistic view of the case.

 

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2. With regard to Valdivia Mill of the Company, various criminal proceedings have been filed at the corresponding Warranty Court (Tribunal de Garantía), relating to alleged environmental violations that were allegedly committed as a result of operations at said Mill. All criminal proceedings have been addressed through a single investigation. The complaints relate to stipulations indicated in Article 291 of the Criminal Code (Código Penal), Article 136 of the Fishing Law (Ley de Pesca) and Article 38 of the National Monuments Law (Ley de Monumentos Nacionales).

The Public Prosecution Offices (Ministerio Público) closed the investigation and decided not to persist with it. The Warranty Court called the parties to a hearing to communicate this decision of the Public Prosecution Office. On October 18, 2010, at a hearing held before the Warranty Court of San Jose de la Mariquina, the Prosecutor in charge of the investigation announced that the Public Prosecution Office would not continue with the investigation due to the lack of a factual basis for the charges. Such decision was then announced officially by the Court, and it was not challenged.

3. With regard to the Valdivia Mill, on April 27, 2005, the National Defense Council (Consejo de Defensa del Estado) filed a civil lawsuit against the Company for reparation of environmental harm and indemnification before the First Civil Court of Valdivia (Primer Juzgado Civil de Valdivia) (Rol 746-2005).

The Company filed its response, arguing that it is not responsible for the environmental damages and therefore that the indemnification payments as well as the alleged reparation, are inadmissible. This proceeding is still pending, having terminated the period in which the parties are allowed to gather and submit evidence. Currently, Court is waiting for experts’ reports requested by the Court.

4. With respect to the Valdivia Plant, on March 26, 2010, eleven indigenous communities, located in the borough of San José de la Mariquina, filed a constitutional action (Recurso de Protección) against the Regional Environmental Commission of the Los Ríos Region, in connection with the Exempted Resolution Nº 027 dated February 24, 2010 that favorably qualified the Environmental Impact Study of the project known as “Conduction and Ocean Discharge System for Treated Emissions from the Valdivia Plant”, the holder of which is the Company. This action is based on the grounds of alleged constitutional, legal, and regulatory infractions incurred in by said Resolution, as well as an alleged lack of surveillance and enforcement, acts and omissions, all of which would purportedly violate the constitutional rights set forth in Article 19, numbers 2, 6, 8 and 21 of the Political Constitution of Chile, namely, equality under the Law, freedom of worship, freedom to live in a pollution-free environment, and the right to freely engage in economic activities. The plaintiffs are demanding that the Resolution mentioned above be declared unenforceable.

The constitutional action mentioned above was unanimously rejected by the Court of Appeals of Valdivia on May 26, 1010.

On June 1, 2010, the plaintiffs filed an appeal before the Supreme Court. On October 14, 2010 the Supreme Court confirmed the veredict of the Court of Appeals rejecting the constitutional action (Recurso de Protección). This judgment is just firm and enforceable. The process is finished.

5. With regard to the Nueva Aldea Mill, on December 21, 2007, the Company was notified of nine similar complaints. Eight complaints are directed against Echeverría Izquierdo Montajes Industriales S.A., as employer, and against Arauco, as subsidiarily responsible, and also against the Company directly. The other complaint is directed against Mr. Leonel Enrique Espinoza Canales, as employer, against Arauco, as subsidiarily responsible, and also against Arauco directly.

The complaints request that all plaintiffs (72 plaintiffs in total) be indemnified for the damages that they allegedly suffered as a result of an accident in which three persons working for the contractor Echeverría Izquierdo Montajes Industriales S.A. were allegedly involved. This contractor was undertaking construction work at the Nueva Aldea Pulp Mill in December 2005. These three workers allegedly suffered irradiation from

 

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handling certain equipment and materials belonging to a subcontractor of Echeverría Izquierdo Montajes Industriales, S.A. After being notified of these complaints, the Company opposed them on the basis of lack of jurisdiction, and, answered the principal complaints, arguing that they are invalid for failure to state a claim. The Company also responded to the secondary complaints made directly against the Company, requesting that they be rejected for lacking any merit. All these demands have been consolidated into a single action, for which a trial is currently underway.

Based on these same events, on January 29, 2008, the Company was notified of an action for damages due to a work accident filed by Mr. Fernando Vargas Llanos, against his former employer Inspección Técnica y Control de Calidad Limitada (ITC), the construction company Echeverría Izquierdo Montajes Industriales S.A. and against the Company. The complaint requests that Mr. Vargas be indemnified for the damages that he allegedly suffered as a result of the events that took place in December 2005.

Notified of said complaint, the Company opposed it on the basis of lack of jurisdiction, and, answered the principal complaint stating that it should be dismissed for lacking any merit. On July 20, 2009 the Court dismissed the complaint on the grounds that the plaintiff had ceased in his procedural activity for more than six months, which decision was then challenged by the plaintiff. The Appeals Court subsequently overruled the dismissal, rejecting the lower court’s argument of abandonment. Therefore, resumed the processing of this case, a hearing was set for conciliation and testing for the day January 25, 2011.

Finally, based on these same events, on November 10, 2009 the Company was notified of a labor complaint, on a general application procedure, claimed by 14 ex-employees of Echeverría Izquierdo Montajes Industriales S.A. construction company, against the latter as a principal complaint, and against Arauco as subsidiarily responsible, based on emotional distress suffered due to alleged exposure to a radioactive isotope during the accident that occurred in Planta Nueva Aldea on December 14 and 15, 2005. The Court denied the complaint based on the applicable statute of limitation. The plaintiff then appealed such resolution, which appeal remains pending. On October 21, 2010 hearing was held for trial, where the Court decided to reject the plea raised and allow the plea of prescription. Both the plaintiffs and Echeverría appealed to such a resolution. On November 16, 2010 joined the appeal to the Court of Appeals Chilllán, Docket 66-2010, being currently in table.

Considering that the position of the Company is supported by solid legal arguments, there is a reasonable likelihood of a favorable outcome for the Company.

6. On August 25, 2005, the Chilean Servicio de Impuestos Internos (the “Chilean IRS”) issued tax calculations No. 184 and No. 185 of 2005 objecting to certain capital reduction transactions effected by Arauco on April 16, 2001 and October 31, 2001, and furthermore, requested reimbursement from the Company for amounts returned to it in respect of certain claimed tax losses. On November 7, 2005, the Company requested a Review of the Supervision Action (Revisión de la Actuación Fiscalizadora, or “RAF”), which is an administrative review of the tax action brought by the Chilean IRS, and subsidiarily, a claim was filed against the abovementioned tax calculations No. 184 and 185 of 2005. The RAF was resolved on January 9, 2009 by the Chilean IRS, which resolution, however, only partially sustained the Company’s request. In response, the Company filed an additional complaint with regard to the portion of the RAF that was not granted by the administrative review. On February 19, 2010, the Court took note of the Company’s request; therefore the IRS should inform to the Court on this request. As of the date of issuance of these financial statements, the investigation in respect of this complaint is pending.

Considering that the position of the Company is supported by solid legal arguments, there is a reasonable likelihood of a favorable outcome for the Company.

7. On January 26, 2011, Forestal Celco S.A. was notified of a civil lawsuit filed by Hans Fritz Muller Knoop against Cooperativa Eléctrica de Chillán Limitada and against Forestal Celco S.A. The lawsuit aims to make both companies jointly and severally liable for compensation of alleged material damages suffered as a result of a fire that occurred on January 12, 2007 on the El Tablón county property, which belongs to Forestal Celco S.A.

The deadline for Forestal Celco S.A. answer this lawsuit is still pending.

 

 

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8. On April 14, 2009, Forestal Celco S.A. was notified of a civil lawsuit filed by Mario Felipe Rojas Sepúlveda on behalf of Víctor Adrián Gavilán Villarroel against Cooperativa Eléctrica de Chillán Limitada and against Forestal Celco S.A. The lawsuit aims to make both companies jointly and severally liable for compensation of alleged material damages suffered as a result of a fire that occurred on January 12, 2007 on the El Tablón county property, which belongs to Forestal Celco S.A.

On April 30, 2009 Forestal Celco S.A. filed objections pointing to defects in the demand. The plaintiff rectified the defects, and the Company replied to the demand. To date, the parties are summoned to hear sentence. Consequently, the judgment is pending.

9. On December 1, 2007, Forestal Celco S.A. was notified of a civil lawsuit filed by Marcela Larraín Novoa on behalf of Nimia del Carmen Alvarez Delgado against Patricia del Carmen Muñoz Zamorano and Forestal Celco S.A. This lawsuit seeks to reclaim an 88% share of the rights to the “Loma Angosta” property, which has a surface area of 281.89 hectares. This property was purchased by Forestal Celco S.A. from Patricia del Carmen Muñoz Zamorano in 1994. To date, Patricia del Carmen Muñoz Zamorano has not yet been notified of this action.

As a result on May 18, 2008, the Company filed a motion to correct the claim, which was allowed and accepted by the Court. As of this date, the plaintiff has not corrected the defects of its claim finding the cause pending.

10. On November 17, 2003, Bosques Arauco S.A., an affiliate of the Company, was notified of a property restitution claim brought by Ms. Celmira Maria Curin Tromo, whom requested the restitution of certain real estate, its profits and damages in a Special Indigenous Lawsuit, claming that she is the sole and exclusive owner of the 5.5 hectares of land, which has allegedly been exploited by Bosques Arauco S.A., in blatant disregard of her property interest. On June 6, 2008, the first instance decision was issued, denying the claim. The decision was appealed and the Ilustrísima Corte de Apelaciones de Temuco (High Court of Appeals of Temuco) overturned the decision on January 6, 2009, finding in favor of the plaintiff with regard to every portion of the claim and ordering the restitution of the land, along with all profits and damages caused by Bosques Arauco S.A. to the land, the assessment of which was deferred to the decision’s execution phase.

On October 28, 2009, the plaintiff requested the execution of the ruling with notice to the defendant. Aside from the restitution of the property and its products, the plaintiff also requested damages for the pain and suffering she had allegedly personally endured. After being notified of the request, Bosques Arauco S.A., in turn, requested that this request be nullified on the ground that the alleged pain and suffering was not an issue in the judicial proceedings and, hence, that the ruling should not include any such damages. The court rejected the incidence, proceeding to dictate the corresponding burden of proof, ordering notice by ballot.

11. On November 28, 2008, Alto Paraná S.A. (APSA) was notified of Resolution 212 issued by the Argentine Central Bank (BCRA) on November 19, 2008, by which the BCRA ordered Indictment No. 3991 questioning the timely liquidation of certain foreign currency with respect to APSA’s export proceeds. APSA responded to the charges in a timely and correct manner.

As of the date of these consolidated financial statements and considering the preliminary state of proceedings, Alto Paraná S.A. (APSA) legal advisors are not in a position to estimate the outcome. Therefore, with the understanding that there are no legal grounds for the charges, no provision has been made for this claim.

At the closing date there are no other contingencies that might significantly affect the Company’s financial, economic or operational conditions.

Provisions as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 are as follow:

 

Classes of Provisions

   12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Provisions, Current

     5,842         5,169   

Legal claims provision

     5,842         5,119   

Other provision

     0         50   

Provisions, non-current

     7,609         9,463   

Legal claims provision

     7,609         9,463   

Other provision

     0         0   
                 

Total Provisions

     13,451         14,632   
                 

 

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     12/31/2010  

Movements in Provisions

   Legal Claims
ThU.S.$
    Other
Provisions

ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
 

Opening balance

     14,582        50        14,632   

Changes in provisions

      

Increase in existing provisions

     5,024        0        5,024   

Used provisions

     (6,849     (50     (6,899

Increase in foreign currency exchange

     665        0        665   

Other increases

     29        0        29   

Total Changes

     (1,131     (50     (1.181

Closing balance

     13,451        0        13,451   
     12/31/2009  

Movements in Provisions

   Legal  Claims
ThU.S.$
    Other
Provisions

ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
 

Opening balance

     9,269        69        9,338   

Changes in provisions

      

Increase in existing provisions

     3,573        50        3,623   

Increase in joint ventures

     31,250        0        31,250   

Used provisions

     (30,209     0        (30,209

Increase in foreign currency exchange

     717        0        717   

Other decreases

     (18     (69     (87

Total Changes

     5,313        (19     5,294   

Closing balance

     14,582        50        14,632   

Provisions for legal claims are for labor and tax judgments whose payment period is indeterminate.

NOTE 19. INTANGIBLE ASSETS (IAS 38)

Arauco holds the following main intangible assets:

Computer software

Rights

Recognition and Measurement criteria of Identifiable Intangible Assets

Cost Model

After initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost, including any accumulated amortization and impairment losses.

Amortization Method for Computer Software

Amortization of an intangible asset with a finite useful life shall be carried on a systematic basis over the asset’s useful life. Amortization begins when the asset is available for use, which is when it complies with all the necessary conditions to operate in the manner foreseen by the Company.

 

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Disclosure of Identifiable Intangible Assets

 

Classes of Intangible Assets, Net

   12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Intangible assets, net

     11,127        11,154   

Computer software

     4,054        4,381   

Water rights

     5,777        5,730   

Other identifiable intangible assets

     1,296        1,043   
                

Classes of Identifiable intangible assets, gross

     26,694        24,535   

Computer software

     19,601        17,727   

Water rights

     5,777        5,730   

Other identifiable intangible assets

     1,316        1,078   
                

Classes of accumulated amortization and impairment

    

Total accumulated amortization and impairment

     (15,567     (13,381

Accumulated amortization and impairment, intangible assets

     (15,567     (13,381

Computer software

     (15,547     (13,346

Water rights

     0        0   

Other identifiable intangible assets

     (20     (35

Reconciliation between opening and closing book values

 

     12/31/2010  

Intangible assets Roll Forward

   Computer
Software
ThU.S.$
    Water
Rights
ThU.S.$
     Others
ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
 

Opening Balance

         

Changes

     4,381        5,730         1,043        11,154   

Additions

     1,282        47         265        1,594   

Amortization

     (1,615     0         0        (1,615

Increase (decrease) in foreign currency conversion

     6        0         (12     (6

Changes Total

     (327     47         253        (27

Closing Balance

     4,054        5,777         1,296        11,127   

 

     12/31/2009  

Intangible assets Roll Forward

   Computer
Software
ThU.S.$
    Water
Rights
ThU.S.$
     Others
ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
 

Opening Balance

         

Changes

     5,738        5,026         571        11,335   

Additions

     1,026        704         412        2,142   

Disappropriations

     (11     0         0        (11

Amortization

     (2,378     0         (4     (2,382

Increase in foreign currency conversion

     6        0         64        70   

Changes Total

     (1,357     704         472        (181

Closing Balance

     4,381        5,730         1,043        11,154   

 

         Minimum
life
     Maximum
life
 

Computer software

  Years      3         16   

The amortization of computer software is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income under Administration Expenses.

 

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NOTE 20. BIOLOGICAL ASSETS (IAS 41)

Arauco’s biological assets include its forestry plantations of mainly radiata and taeda pine. The total plantation is distributed in Chile, Argentina, and Brazil, reaching 1.5 million hectares, of which 939 thousand hectares are used for planting, 367 thousand hectares are native forest, 158 thousand hectares are used for other purposes and 52 thousand hectares will be planted.

As of December 31, 2010 the production volume totaled 16.6 million cubic meters (16.2 million cubic meters at December 31, 2009).

The main considerations in determining the fair value of biological assets include the following:

 

   

Arauco uses the discounted future cash flows of its forest plantations, which are based on a harvest projection date for all existing plantations.

 

   

Current equity is projected assuming that total volume does not decrease and a minimum demand equal to the current demand is sustained.

 

   

Future plantations are not considered.

 

   

The harvest of forest plantations supplies raw material for all other products that Arauco produces and sells. By directly controlling the development of forests that will be processed, Arauco is assured of having high quality timber for each of its products.

 

   

Cash flows are determined in terms of harvest and expected sale of forestry products, associated with the demand from the Company’s owned industrial centers and sales to third parties. Sales margin is also considered in the valuation of the different products that are harvested in the forest. Any changes in the value of the plantations, in accordance with the criteria previously described, are accounted for in the current financial year’s income statement, pursuant to IAS 41. These changes are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income under Other income by activity, as of December 31, 2010 amounted to ThU.S.$221,501 (ThU.S.$155,532 and ThU.S.$65,201 at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively). Additionally, cost of sales include a higher cost of ThU.S.$200,320 (ThU.S.$115,969 and ThU.S.$172,710 as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively) resulting from the difference between the cost of wood at fair value versus cost basis.

 

   

Forests are harvested according to the needs of Arauco’s production plants.

 

   

The discount rates used are: in Chile 8%, in Argentina 12% and in Brazil 10%.

 

   

It is assumed that prices of harvested timber are constant in real terms based on market prices.

 

   

Cost expectations with respect to the lifetime of the forests are constant based on estimated costs included in the projections made by Arauco.

 

   

The average crop age by species and country is:

 

     Chile      Argentina      Brazil  

Pine

     24         15         15   

Eucalyptus

     12         10         7   

The following table shows changes in the balances of biological assets considering significant changes in the estimated cost considered in the calculation of fair value of such assets.

 

            ThU.S.$  

Discount rate (points)

     0.5         (120,065
     -0.5         127,270   

Margins (%)

     10         380,811   
     -10         (380,811

 

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Differences in the valuation of biological assets at the discount rate margins are presented in the Income Statement in the line Other Income and Other Operating Expenses depending on whether this is profit or loss.

Forestry plantations classified as current assets correspond to those to be harvested and sold within 12 months.

The Company holds fire insurance policies for its forestry plantations, which together with company resources and efficient protection measures for these forestry assets allow financial and operational risks to be minimized.

Uruguay

Arauco owns biological assets in Uruguay through a joint venture in partnership with Stora Enso, which are presented in these consolidated financial statements under the equity method (see Note 16).

As of December 31, 2010, Arauco’s investment in Uruguay represented a total of 127 thousand hectares, of which 68 thousand hectares are allocated to plantations, 7 thousand hectares to native forest, 44 thousand hectares for other uses, and 8 thousand hectares for planting.

Detail of Biological Assets Pledged as Security

There is no forestry plantations pledged as security, except for those belonging to Forestal Río Grande S.A. (affiliate of Fondo de Inversiones Bio Bio, a special purpose entity). In October 2006, pledges without transfer and agreements not to prohibition to sell and encumber were made in favor of JPMorgan and Arauco, for forests located on their own land.

As of December 31, 2010, the fair value of these forests reached ThU.S.$30,222 (ThU.S.$59,819 at December 31, 2009).

Detail of Biological Assets with Restricted Ownership

As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, there are no biological assets with restricted ownership.

Disclosure of Agricultural Products

Agricultural Products relate mainly to forestry products that are intended for sale pertaining to the operation and are valued at fair value at the closing period. These are presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet under Inventories in the Raw Material item.

No significant grants have been received.

As of the date of these Financial Statements, the Current and Non-current biological assets are as follows:

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Current

     344,096         310,832   

Non-current

     3,446,862         3,446,696   
                 

Total

     3,790,958         3,757,528   
                 

 

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Biological Assets Movement

 

Movement

   12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
 

Opening Balance

     3,757,528   

Changes in Biological Assets

  

Additions

     112,320   

Decreases due to Sales

     (2,832

Decreases due to Harvest

     (302,808

Gain (Loss) of Changes in Fair Value, less estimated Costs at Point of Sale

     221,501   

Increases (decreases) in Foreign Currency Translation

     21,501   

Other Increases (decreases)

     (16,252
        

Total Changes

     33,430   
        

Closing Balance

     3,790,958   
        

 

Movement

   12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Opening Balance

     3,652,433   

Changes in Biological Assets

  

Additions

     95,197   

Decreases due to Sales

     (3,370

Discontinuation of consolidation by the formation of joint ventures recorded under the equity method
(see note 15)

     (54,951

Decreases due to Harvest

     (197,149

Gain (Loss) of Changes in Fair Value, less estimated Costs at Point of Sale

     155,532   

Increases (decreases) in Foreign Currency Translation

     112,371   

Other Increases (decreases)

     (2,535
        

Total Changes

     105,095   
        

Closing Balance

     3,757,528   
        

As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, there are no disbursements related to the acquisition of biological assets.

NOTE 21. ENVIRONMENT

Environment Management

For Arauco, sustainability means management strategy. This strategy incorporates values, commitments and standards, that together with the adoption of best practices as well as the use of the latest available technologies, seek to continuously improve the Company’s environmental management. It is the environmental department and each of its specialists that ensure these guidelines are met and are put in to practice in everyday company operations.

All of Arauco’s production units have certified environmental management systems, which reinforce the Company’s commitment to environmental performance and ensure the traceability of all raw materials used.

Arauco uses several supplies in its productive processes such as wood, chemical products, and water, etc., which in turn produce liquid and gas emissions. As a way to make the company’s environmental management more efficient, significant progress has been made to reduce consumption and emissions.

Environmental investments have been made related to the control of atmospheric emissions, process improvements, water and waste management, as well as effluent treatment, in order to improve the environmental performance of all of Arauco’s business units.

 

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Environment Related Disbursement Information

As of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, Arauco made the following disbursements related to its main environmental projects:

 

Company

 

12/31/2010

Name of Project

 

Disbursements undertaken 2010

  Committed
Disbursements
   

State of
Project

  Amount
ThU.S$
   

Asset
Expense

 

Asset/expense destination item

  Amount
ThU.S$
    Estimated
date

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.

  Construction of Outlets   Finished     3,915      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     0      0

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.

  Environmental improvement studies   In process     1,752      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     158      2011

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.

  Environmental improvement studies   Finished     19,142      Expense   Operating cost     0      0

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.

  Environmental improvement studies   Finished     1,096      Expense   Operating cost     0      0

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.

  Investment projects for the control and management of harmful liquids and energy optimization from the water of industrial plants   In process     5,410      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     251      2011

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.

  Investment projects for the control and management of harmful liquids and energy optimization from the water of industrial plants   In process     370      Expense   Operating cost     28      2011

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.

  Expansion of solid industrial waste dumpsite for management of these in the future   Finished     1,125      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     0      0

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.

  Expansion of solid industrial waste dumpsite for management of these in the future   Finished     394      Expense   Operating cost     0      0

Alto Paraná S.A.

  Construction of Outlets   In process     705      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     813      2011

Alto Paraná S.A.

  Expansion of solid industrial waste dumpsite for management of these in the future   In process     726      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     3,486      2011

Paneles Arauco S.A.

  Expansion of solid industrial waste dumpsite for management of these in the future   In process     467      Expense   Administration expenses     500      2011

Paneles Arauco S.A.

  Expansion of solid industrial waste dumpsite for management of these in the future   In process     1,696      Expense   Operating cost     2,264      2011

Paneles Arauco S.A

  Investment projects for the control and management of harmful liquids and energy optimization from the water of industrial plants   Finished     3,329      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     0      0

Paneles Arauco S.A

  Environmental improvement studies   In process     898      Expense   Administration expenses     2,080      2011

Paneles Arauco S.A

  Investment projects for the control and management of harmful liquids and energy optimization from the water of industrial plants   In process     702      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     22      2011

Forestal Celco S.A

  Environmental improvement studies   In process     853      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     853      2012

Forestal Celco S.A

  Investment projects for the control and management of harmful liquids and energy optimization from the water of industrial plants   Finished     586      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     0      0

Arauco Do Brasil S.A.

  Environmental improvement studies   In process     1,820      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     2,285      2011
                         
 

Total

    44,986            12,740     
                         

 

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Company

 

12/31/2009

Name of Project

 

Disbursements undertaken 2009

  Committed
Disbursements
 
   

State of
Project

  Amount
ThU.S$
   

Asset
Expense

 

Asset/expense destination item

  Amount
ThU.S$
    Estimated
date
 

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A

  Construction of Outlets   In process     7,197      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     66,376        2010-2011   

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A

  Investment projects for the control and management of gas emissions from industrial process   Ended     556      Expense   Operating costs     0        0   

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A

  Investment projects for the control and management of gas emissions from industrial process   In process     3,515      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     541        2010   

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A

  Environmental improvement studies   Ended     25,245      Expense   Operating costs     0        0   

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A

  Environmental improvement studies   Ended     744      Expense   Administration expenses     0        0   

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A

  Environmental improvement studies   In process     2,131      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     2,532        2010   

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A

  Investment projects for the control and management of harmful liquids and energy optimization from the water of industrial plants   Ended     911      Expense   Administration expenses     0        0   

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A

  Investment projects for the control and management of harmful liquids and energy optimization from the water of industrial plants   In process     13,908      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     2,352        2010   

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.

  Expansion of solid industrial waste dumpsite for management of these in the future   In process     3,270      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     88        2010   

Aserraderos Arauco S.A.

  Investment projects for the control and management of harmful liquids and energy optimization from the water of industrial plants   In process     542      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     0        0   

Alto Paraná S.A

  Investment projects for the control and management of harmful liquids and energy optimization from the water of industrial plants   In process     1,271      Asset   Fixed assets     1,680        2010   

Alto Paraná S.A

  Expansion of solid industrial waste dumpsite for management of these in the future   Ended     2,448      Asset   Fixed assets     0        0   

Alto Paraná S.A.

  Environmental improvement studies   Ended     790      Asset   Fixed assets     0        0   

Alto Paraná S.A

  Expansion of solid industrial waste dumpsite for management of these in the future   In process     1,216      Asset   Fixed assets     2,625        2010   

Forestal Celco S.A

  Environmental improvement studies   In process     95      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     2,811        2010   

Paneles Arauco S.A

  Expansion of solid industrial waste dumpsite for management of these in the future   In process     59      Expense   Operating costs     219        2010   

Paneles Arauco S.A

  Investment projects for the control and management of harmful liquids and energy optimization from the water of industrial plants   In process     922      Expense   Operating costs     270        2010   

Paneles Arauco S.A

  Environmental improvement studies   In process     221      Expense   Operating costs     568        2010   

Paneles Arauco S.A

  Environmental improvement studies   In process     533      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     1,480        2010   

Placas do Paraná S.A.

  Investment projects for the control and management of harmful liquids and energy optimization from the water of industrial plants   Ended     3,023      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     3,326        0   

Placas do Paraná S.A

  Environmental improvement studies   In process     782      Asset   Property, plant and equipment     113        2010   
                         
 

Total

    69,379            84.981     
                         

 

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NOTE 22. ASSETS HELD FOR SALE

Due to the decrease in demand for saw timber products due primarily to the reasons described in Note 17, have led Arauco’s Management to decide permanently close the following sawmills: La Araucana, Escuadrón, Lomas Coloradas, Lomas Coelemu and the remanufacturing plant Lomas Coloradas. Fixed assets related to these facilities are available for sale, which is expected to occur in the next 12 months, which has begun efforts to sell the assets involved.

Information on the main types of non-current assets held for sale:

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
 

Land

     5,003   

Buildings

     5,877   

Property, plant and equipment

     3,228   
        

Total

     14,108   
        

At December 31, 2010 has been recognized in the item Other operating expenses ThU.S.$926 related to impairment of these assets held for sale.

NOTE 23. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (IFRS 7)

Classification

The following table shows Arauco’s financial instruments as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009. An informative estimate of fair value is shown for instruments valued at amortized cost.

 

     12/31/2010      12/31/2009  

Financial Instruments

   Amortized
Cost

ThU.S.$
     Fair
Value
ThU.S.$
     Amortized
Cost

ThU.S.$
     Fair
Value
ThU.S.$
 

Assets

           

Fair value with change in Income and Loss (Negotiation)(1)

        270,720            231,752   

Interest Rate Swaps

        2,909            5,778   

Forward

        0            2,648   

Mutual funds(2)

        267,811            223,326   

Loans and Accounts Receivables

     1,562,277         1,562,277         880,394         880,394   

Cash and cash equivalents

     776,023         776,023         310,873         310,873   

Cash

     69,955         69,955         29,000         29,000   

Fixed Term Deposits

     705,694         705,694         281,873         281,873   

Agreements

     374         374         0         0   

Accounts Receivables (net)

     786,254         786,254         569,521         569,521   

Trades and Notes Receivables

     609,730         609,730         506,729         506,729   

Leases

     9,916         9,916         11,765         11,765   

Other Debtors

     166,608         166,608         51,027         51,027   

Hedging

           

Swaps foreign exchange

        53,407            17,998   
                                   

Financial Liabilities, Total

     3,826,264         3,983,667         3,535,459         3,610,893   

Liabilities

           

Financial Liabilities at amortized cost

     3,811,751         3,969,134         3,524,811         3,600,245   

Bonds issued in Dollars

     2,374,258         2,527,933         2,252,838         2,357,703   

Bonds issued in UF(4)

     677,362         694,968         398,693         390,575   

Bank Loans in Dollars

     375,309         364,751         527,249         509,400   

Bank Loans in other currencies

     22,247         18,907         23,531         20,067   

Financial Leasing

     393         393         608         608   

Trades and other Payables

     362,182         362,182         321,892         321,892   

Financial liabilities with change in Income and Loss(3)

        14,533            10,648   

Hedging

           

Swaps foreign exchange

     0         0         0         0   

 

(1) Assets measured at fair value through income or loss other than mutual funds classified as cash equivalents, are presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in the line Other Financial Assets.

 

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(2) Although this item is disclosed in note IFRS 7 as Fair Value with change in income and loss according to expected sales in short term; in this Consolidated Balance Sheet, it is classified as Cash and cash equivalents for its high level of liquidity.
(3) Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost, others than Trade creditors and Other accounts payable and financial liabilities held for trading are presented in this Consolidated Balance Sheet in the line Other financial liabilities, current and non-current according to their maturity.
(4) UF is a measure indexed Chilean which incorpiorates the effects of inflation.

Here are short-term portion of long-term debt and amounts for short-term portion of financial debt as of December 31, 2010 and 2009:

 

     December
2010

ThU.S.$
     December
2009

ThU.S.$
 

Obligations with banks and financial institutions long term—short term portion

     63,344         99,335   

Bonds – short term portion

     436,980         321,573   

Total

     500,324         420,908   

The following table shows Arauco’ net debt to equity ratio level at December 31, 2010 and 2009:

 

     December
2010
ThU.S.$
    December
2009

ThU.S.$
 

Financial debt, current

     540,140        524,909   

Financial debt, non-current

     2,909,429        2,678,010   

Total

     3,449,569        3,202,919   

Cash and cash equivalent

     (1,043,834     (534,199

Net financial debt

     2,405,735        2,668,720   

Non-controlling participation

     108,381        117,682   

Net equity attributable to parent company

     6,732,194        5,889,554   

Total consolidated equity

     6,840,575        6,007,236   

Total net debt to equity ratio

     0.35        0.44   

Fair Value Financial Assets with Changes in Income and Loss (Negotiation)

Fair value financial assets with changes in income and loss are financial assets held for negotiation. Financial assets classified in this category are mainly acquired for sale in the short term. Derivatives are also classified for negotiation purposes unless they are defined as hedging instruments. Assets in this category are classified as current assets and are recorded at fair value, with changes in value recognized in the income statement. These assets are held with the objective of maintaining adequate liquidity levels to meet the Company’s obligations.

The following table details Arauco’s financial assets at fair value with changes in income and loss:

 

     December
2010
ThU.S.$
     December
2009
ThU.S.$
     Period
Variation
 

Fair value with changes in income and loss (Negotiation)

     270,720         231,752         17

Interest Rate Swap

     2,909         5,778         -50

Forward

     0         2,648         -100

Mutual Funds

     267,811         223,326         20

Swaps: At the closing balance sheet date, financial assets classified in this category are not considered hedging instruments, as there is no uncertainty as to their underlying liability, so these instruments comply with the

 

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management strategy regarding implicit structural liquidity risk for Arauco operations. The fair value of this item decreased by 50% compared to December 31, 2009 due to lower horizon cash flows from swaps. The U.S. Dollar is the original currency of these instruments.

Forwards: Arauco acquires this type of instrument to hedge functional currency exchange rate risks. These instruments are generally acquired with short-term maturity periods. The fair value of this item has decreased by 100% since at the closing balance sheet date, there were no such instruments. The U.S. Dollar is the original currency of these instruments.

Mutual Funds: Arauco invests in local mutual funds to maximize the profitability of cash flow surpluses in Chilean Pesos, or in international mutual funds in foreign currencies such as U.S. Dollars or Euros. These instruments are permitted under the Company’s Investment Policy. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the Company has increased its position in this type of instrument by 20% as compared with December 2009.

Loans and Receivables

These are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments. These instruments are not available for trading on non quoted market’s or otherwise. In the Consolidated Balance Sheet they are included in Cash and cash equivalent and Trades and Other receivables.

These assets are recorded at amortized cost using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment testing. Financial assets which comply with this definition are: cash and cash-equivalents, fixed term deposits, repurchase agreements, trades and other receivables current and non-current.

 

     December
2010
ThU.S.$
     December
2009
ThU.S.$
 

Loans and Receivables

     1,562,277         880,394   

Cash and Cash Equivalents

     776,023         310,873   

Cash

     69,955         29,000   

Fixed Term Deposits

     705,694         281,873   

Pacts

     374      

Receivables (Net)

     786,254         569,521   

Trades and Other Notes Receivables

     619,646         518,494   

Other Debtors

     166,608         51,027   

Cash and Cash Equivalents: Includes cash on hand, bank account balances, fixed term deposits and repurchase agreements. They are short-term investments that are readily convertible into cash, and are subject to an immaterial change in value.

The following table show cash and cash equivalents classified by currency of origin as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009:

 

     December
2010
ThU.S.$
     December
2009
ThU.S.$
 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

     1,043,834         534,199   

US Dollar

     513,292         177,569   

Euro

     73,573         66,935   

Other currencies

     48,511         64,879   

$ no adjustable

     408,458         224,816   

 

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Fix Term Deposits and Repurchased Agreements: The objective of this instrument is to maximize the value of cash surpluses in short-term. This instrument is authorized by Arauco’s Placement Policy, which establishes a mandate that allows investments in fixed income securities. In general, these instruments have a maturity period of less than ninety days.

Trades and Notes Receivable: These represent enforceable rights for Arauco resulting from the normal course of the business, namely, operation activity or corporate purposes.

Other Debtors: These correspond to receivables from sales, services or loans that are not considered within the normal course of the business.

Trades receivables are presented at net value, which means that they are presented net of bad debt estimates. This provision is determined when there is evidence that Arauco will not receive the payments agreed to in the original sales terms. These provisions are carried out when a customer files for and commences legal bankruptcy proceedings or is in default of payments, or when Arauco has exhausted all debt collection options within a reasonable period. These include telephone calls, e-mails and debt collection letters.

Trades and account receivables, current and non-current by currencies as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 as follow:

 

     December
2010
ThU.S.$
     December
2009
ThU.S.$
 

Trades and account receivables, current

     774,289         558,441   

US Dollar

     528,657         397,394   

Euro

     31,651         19,348   

Other currencies

     93,075         35,074   

$ no adjustable

     115,338         102,098   

U.F.

     5,568         4,527   

Trades and account receivables, non-current

     11,965         11,080   

US Dollar

     4,389         4,152   

Other currencies

     205         102   

$ no adjustable

     4,589         4,163   

U.F.

     2,782         2,663   

The following table summarizes Arauco’s financial assets at closing balance:

 

     December
2010
ThU.S.$
     December
2009

ThU.S.$
 

Financial Assets

     1,832,997         1,112,146   

Fair Value with changes in Income

     270,720         231,752   

Loans and Receivables

     1,562,277         880,394   

Financial Liabilities Valued at Amortized Cost

These financial liabilities correspond to non-derivative instruments with contractual cash flow payments, which can either be fixed or subject to variable interest rates.

Also included in this category are non-derivative financial liabilities for services or goods delivered to Arauco at the closing date of this balance sheet that have not yet been paid. These amounts are not insured and are generally paid within thirty days after being recognized.

 

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As of the closing date of the balance sheet, Arauco includes in this category obligations with banks and financial institutions, publicly issued bonds in U.S. Dollars and UF, creditors and other payables.

 

   

Currency

   12/31/2010      12/31/2009      12/31/2010      12/31/2009  
       Amortized Cost
ThU.S.$
     Fair Value
ThU.S.$
 

Total Financial Liabilities

       3,811,751         3,524,811         3,969,134         3,600,245   

Bonds Issued

  U.S. Dollar      2,374,258         2,252,838         2,527,933         2,357,703   

Bonds Issued

  U.F.      677,362         398,693         694,968         390,575   

Bank Loans

  U.S. Dollar      375,309         527,249         364,751         509,400   

Bank Loans

  Other currencies      22,247         23,531         18,907         20,067   

Financial Leasing

  U.F.      393         608         393         608   

Trades and Other Payables

  U.S. Dollar      296,697         280,506         296,697         280,506   

Trades and Other Payables

  Euro      3,220         2,898         3,220         2,898   

Trades and Other Payables

  Other currencies      25,368         14,285         25,368         14,285   

Trades and Other Payables

  $ no adjustable      35,319         22,876         35,319         22,876   

Trades and Other Payables

  U.F.      1,578         1,327         1,578         1,327   

The disclosure of these liabilities at amortized cost in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2010 is as follows:

 

     December 2010  
     Current
ThU.S.$
     Non-current
ThU.S.$
     Total
ThU.S.$
 

Loans that accrue interest

     540,140         2,904,428         3,449,568   

Trades and Other Payables

     362,182         0         362,182   

Total Financial Liabilities

     902,322         2,904,428         3,811,750   

 

     December 2009  
     Current
ThU.S.$
     Non-current
ThU.S.$
     Total
ThU.S.$
 

Loans that accrue interest

     524,548         2,678,371         3,202,919   

Trades and Other Payables

     321,892         0         321,892   

Total Financial Liabilities

     846,440         2,678,371         3,524,811   

Fair Value Financial Liabilities with Changes in Income and Loss

As of the closing date of the balance sheet, Arauco held a rate swap and forward exchange rate as a financial liability at fair value with changes in income and loss. This liability incurred a net decrease of 28%, due to a rate decrease experienced by the economy in the last period. Both financial instruments incurred a decrease of 36% at December, 2010 in financial liability at fair value with changes in income and loss compared to December 2009.

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
     Period
Variation
 

Fair value Financial Liabilities with changes in income and loss

     14,533         10,648         36

Swap

     7,642         10,648         -28

Forward exchange rate

     6,891         0      

A summary of Arauco’s financial liabilities at closing balance date is as follows:

 

Financial Liabilities

   12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
     12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Total Financial Liabilities

     3,826,264         3,535,459   

Financial Liabilities at fair value with changes in income (negotiation)

     14,533         10,648   

Financial Liabilities Measured at Amortized Cost

     3,811,731         3,524,811   

 

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Effect on Income

The following table details reconciliation of balances swap cash flow hedges presented in Comprehensive Income Statement:

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2009
ThU.S.$
 

Opening balance

     (4,820     0   

Fair value variation

     35,409        17,998   

Covered bond exchange difference

     (47,714     (24,721

Higher financial expense to incomes

     5,197        2,122   

Swaps liquidations

     (4,047     (1,206

Tax

     1,896        987   

Closing balance

     (14,079     (4,820

The following table details net income items and expenses recognized in income on financial instruments:

 

        Net Gain (loss)     Impairment  

Assets

 

Financial Instrument

  12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    09/30/2009
ThU.S.$
    12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
    09/30/2009
ThU.S.$
 

At fair value with changes in income

  Swap     3,054        4,391        0        0   
  Forward     (10,529     (3,691     0        0   
  Mutual Funds     2,661        5,800        0        0   
                                 
  Sub-Total     (4,814     6,500        0        0   
                                 

Loans and Receivables

  Fix terms deposits     7,826        6,638        0        0   
  Repurchased agreements     49        376        0        0   
  Trades and Other receivables     0        0        (1,515     (3,512
                                 
  Sub-Total     7,875        7,014        (1,515     (3,512
                                 

Hedge instruments

  Cash flow swap     (5,197     (2,122     0        0   
                                 
  Sub-Total     (5,197     (2,122     0        0   
                                 

Liabilities

                           

At amortized cost

  Bank loans     (11,294     (19,251     0        0   
  Bond issued obligations     (164,854     (145,733     0        0   
                                 
  Sub-Total     (176,148     (164,984     0        0   
                                 

Fair Value Hierarchy

The assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheet dated December 31, 2010, have been measured based on the methodologies provided in IAS 39. The methodologies applied for each financial instrument are classified according to their hierarchy as follows:

 

   

Level I: Values or quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

 

   

Level II: Information (“Inputs”) from other sources than the quoted values of Level I, but observable in the market for assets and liabilities either directly (prices) or indirectly (derived from prices).

 

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Level III: Inputs for assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data.

 

     Fair  Value
December
2010
ThU.S.$
     Measurement Methodology  
        Level I
ThU.S.$
     Level II
ThU.S.$
     Level III
ThU.S.$
 

Financial Assets at fair value

           

Swap (asset)

     2,909         0         2,909         0   

Forward

     0         0         0         0   

Mutual Funds

     267,811         267,811         0         0   

Financial Liabilities at fair value

           

Swap (liabilities)

     7,642         0         7,642         0   

Forward (liabilities)

     6,891         0         6,891         0   

Hedging Instruments

Hedging instruments registered as of December 31, 2010 correspond to cash flow hedges. Specifically, at the closing balance date, Arauco recorded rate swaps resulting at fair value for a total of ThU.S.$53,407 which is presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in Other financial assets, non-current. Their effects in the present period are presented in Equity as Other comprehensive results, net of exchange rate and deferred taxes.

Nature of Risk

Arauco is exposed to variations in cash flows due to exchange rate risk, mainly resulting from having assets in U.S. Dollars and liabilities in UF (obligations to the public), which causes mismatches that could affect operating results.

Information on Swaps Assigned as Hedging

Hedging Swaps H Series Bond

Hedging Objective

In March 2009, Arauco placed a bond for 2,000,000 UF on the Chilean market with an annual 2.25% coupon and semi-annual interest payments (in March and September). This bond is amortized at the end of the period, with a prepayment option from March 1, 2011. The maturity date is March 1, 2014.

In order to avoid exchange rate risk, Arauco made two cross-currency swap contracts listed below:

1.—Cross Currency Swap with Banco de Chile for 1,000,000 UF

With this swap, Arauco receives semi-annual interest payments (in March and September) based on a notional amount of 1,000,000 UF at a 2.25% annual rate, and pays semi-annual interest (in March and September) based on a notional amount of US$35,700,986.39 (equivalent to 1,000,000 UF at the exchange rate at the date of the contract) at a rate of 4.99%. The market value amounts to ThU.S.$7,555 as of December 31, 2010. The maturity date of this Swap is March 1, 2014.

2.—Cross Currency Swap with JPMorgan for 1,000,000 UF

With this contract, Arauco receives semi-annual interest payments (in March and September) based on a notional amount of 1,000,000 UF at an annual rate of 2.25%, and pays semi-annual interest (in March and September) based on a notional amount of U.S.$35,281,193.28 (equivalent to 1,000,000 UF at the exchange rate at the date of the contract) at a rate of 4.94%. The market value amounts to ThU.S.$8,088 as of December 31, 2010. The maturity date of this Swap is March 1, 2014.

 

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Through a test of effectiveness, Arauco is able to validate that the instrument is highly effective within an acceptable range for the Company to eliminate exchange rate uncertainty in commitments that are subject of such hedging.

Hedging Swaps F Series Bond

Hedging Objective

Arauco placed a F series bond in November 2008 and, March 2009 for an amount of 7,000,000 UF at an annual rate of 4.25% payable semi-annually. To mitigate the risk of exchange rate, Arauco made four cross-currency swap contracts that partially cover the bond amount fluctuations:

Contract 1: With this contract Arauco receives semi-annual interest payments (in April and October) based on a notional amount of 1,000,000 UF at an annual rate of 4.25%, and pays semi-annual interest (in April and October) based on a notional amount of U.S.$38.38 million (equivalent to 1,000,000 UF at the exchange rate at the date of the contract) at a rate of 5.86%. The market value amounts to ThU.S.$ 6,544 as of December 31, 2010. This contract expires on October 30, 2014.

Contract 2: With this contract Arauco receives semi-annual interest payments (in April and October) based on a notional amount of 1,000,000 UF at an annual rate of 4.25%, and pays semi-annual interest (in April and October) based on a notional amount of U.S.$37.98 million (equivalent to 1,000,000 UF at the exchange rate at the date of the contract) at a rate of 5.79%. The markets value amounts to ThU.S.$7,115 as of December 31, 2010. This contract expires on April 30, 2014.

Contract 3: With this contract Arauco receives semi-annual interest payments (in April and October) based on a notional amount of 1,000,000 UF at an annual rate of 4.25%, and pays semi-annual interest (in April and October) based on a notional amount of U.S.$37.98 million (equivalent to 1,000,000 UF at the exchange rate at the date of the contract) at a rate of 5.8%. The markets value amounts to ThU.S.$ 7,100 as of December 31, 2010. This contract expires on October 30, 2014.

Contract 4: With this contract Arauco receives semi-annual interest payments (in April and October) based on a notional amount of 1,000,000 UF at an annual rate of 4.25%, and pays semi-annual interest (in April and October) based on a notional amount of U.S.$37.62 million (equivalent to 1,000,000 UF at the exchange rate at the date of the contract) at a rate of 5.79%. The markets value amounts to ThU.S.$7,526 as of December 31, 2010. This contract expires on October 30, 2014.

Contract 5: With this contract Arauco receives semi-annual interest payments (in April and October) based on a notional amount of 1,000,000 UF at an annual rate of 4.25%, and pays semi-annual interest (in April and October) based on a notional amount of U.S.$38.42 million (equivalent to 1,000,000 UF at the exchange rate at the date of the contract) at a rate of 5.62%. The markets value amounts to ThU.S.$6,852 as of December 31, 2010. This contract expires on October 30, 2014.

Through a test of effectiveness, Arauco can validate that the above-detailed hedging instruments are highly effective within an acceptable range for the Company to eliminate exchange rate uncertainty for commitments that are subject of such hedging.

Hedging Swaps J Series Bond

Hedging Objective

Arauco placed a J series bond in September 2010 for an amount of 5,000,000 UF at an annual rate of 3.25% payable semi-annually. To mitigate the risk of exchange rate, Arauco made four cross-currency swap contracts that partially cover the bond amount fluctuations:

Contract 1: With this contract Arauco receives semi-annual interest payments (in March and September) based on a notional amount of 1,000,000 UF at an annual rate of 3.25%, and pays semi-annual interest (in March and

 

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September) based on a notional amount of U.S.$42.86 million (equivalent to 1,000,000 UF at the exchange rate at the date of the contract) at a rate of 5.20%. The market value amounts to ThU.S.$452 as of December 31, 2010. This contract expires on September 1, 2020.

Contract 2: With this contract Arauco receives semi-annual interest payments (in March and September) based on a notional amount of 1,000,000 UF at an annual rate of 3.25%, and pays semi-annual interest (in March and September) based on a notional amount of U.S.$42.86 million (equivalent to 1,000,000 UF at the exchange rate at the date of the contract) at a rate of 5.20%. The markets value amounts to ThU.S.$452 as of December 31, 2010. This contract expires on September 1, 2020.

Contract 3: With this contract Arauco receives semi-annual interest payments (in March and September) based on a notional amount of 1,000,000 UF at an annual rate of 3.25%, and pays semi-annual interest (in March and September) based on a notional amount of U.S.$42.86 million (equivalent to 1,000,000 UF at the exchange rate at the date of the contract) at a rate of 5.25%. The markets value amounts to ThU.S.$244 as of December 31, 2010. This contract expires on September 1, 2020.

Contract 4: With this contract Arauco receives semi-annual interest payments (in March and September) based on a notional amount of 1,000,000 UF at an annual rate of 3.25%, and pays semi-annual interest (in March and September) based on a notional amount of U.S.$42.87 million (equivalent to 1,000,000 UF at the exchange rate at the date of the contract) at a rate of 5.17%. The markets value amounts to ThU.S.$567 as of December 31, 2010. This contract expires on September 1, 2020.

Contract 5: With this contract Arauco receives semi-annual interest payments (in March and September) based on a notional amount of 1,000,000 UF at an annual rate of 3.25%, and pays semi-annual interest (in March and September) based on a notional amount of U.S.$42.86 million (equivalent to 1,000,000 UF at the exchange rate at the date of the contract) at a rate of 5.09%. The markets value amounts to ThU.S.$911 as of December 31, 2010. This contract expires on September 1, 2020.

Through a test of effectiveness, Arauco can validate that the above-detailed hedging instruments are highly effective within an acceptable range for the Company to eliminate exchange rate uncertainty for commitments that are subject of such hedging.

Hedging Strategy

Given that Arauco holds a high percentage of assets in U.S. Dollars, the Company needs to reduce its exchange rate risk as it has obligations in adjustable-rate Pesos. The aim of this swap is to eliminate exchange rate uncertainty, exchanging cash flows from adjustable-rate Pesos obligations generated by the above mentioned bonds, with U.S. Dollar cash flows (Arauco’s functional currency) at a fixed exchange rate and determined at the date of the contract execution.

Valuation Method

Fair value financial assets with changes in Profit and Loss (Negotiation)

Fair value financial assets with changes in profit and loss are initially recognized at fair value and transaction costs are recognized in the Income Statement. Subsequently, they are recorded at fair value.

Swaps: They are valued using the discounted cash flow method at a discount rate in accordance with operational risk, using specific swap valuation tools provided by the Bloomberg terminal.

Forwards: These instruments are initially recognized at fair value at the date on which the contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at fair value. The forwards are recorded as assets when fair value is positive and, as liabilities when fair value is negative.

 

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The fair value of forward currency contracts is calculated by reference to current forward exchange rates for contracts with similar maturity profiles.

Mutual Funds: Given their nature, they are recognized at fair value at the closing date for the period.

Loans and Receivables

Their value is recorded at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, discounting the provision for bad debt.

Repurchased Agreements: These are measured at initial investment cost of paper sold plus interest accrued at the closing date of each period.

Hedging

These financial instruments are measured using the discount cash flow method at a rate consistent with the operational risk using the information given by each bank as a counterparty.

Financial Liabilities at Amortized Cost

Financial instruments classified in this category are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.

The fair value estimate of bank obligations is determined using specific valuation techniques using cash flow discounted at rates consistent with the risk of the operation, while bonds are valued at market price.

Financial Liabilities with Changes in Profit and Loss

Swap: These financial instruments are measured using the discounted cash flow method at a rate consistent with the operation risk, using the information given by each bank as a counterpart.

Forward: These instruments are initially recognized at fair value at the date on which the contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at fair value. The forwards are recorded as assets when fair value is positive and, as liabilities when fair value is negative.

The fair value of forward currency contracts is calculated by reference to current forward exchange rates for contracts with similar maturity profiles.

Risk Management

Arauco’s financial assets are exposed to several financial risks: credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk (including exchange rate risks, interest rate risks and price risks). Arauco’s global risk management program focuses on financial market uncertainty and tries to minimize potential adverse effects on Arauco’s financial profitability.

Arauco’s financial risk management is overseen by the Financial Department. This department identifies, assesses and hedges financial risks in close collaboration with Arauco’s operational units. The Company does not actively participate in the trading of its financial assets for speculative purposes.

 

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Type of risks that arise from financial instruments

Type of Risk: Credit Risk

Description

Credit risk refers to financial uncertainty at different time horizons concerning the fulfillment of obligations subscribed to by counterparties, at the time of exercising contract rights to receive cash or other financial assets on behalf of Arauco.

Explanation of Risk Exposure and How These Risks Arise

Arauco’s exposure to credit risk is directly related to each of its customer’s individual capacities to fulfill their contractual commitments, reflected in commercial debtor accounts. Furthermore, credit risk also arises for assets that are in the hands of third parties such as fixed term deposits, agreements and mutual funds.

With regard to trade accounts receivables, as a policy, Arauco holds insurance policies for open account sales. These are intended to cover export sales from the Company, Aserraderos Arauco S.A., Paneles Arauco S.A. and Forestal Arauco S.A., as well as local sales of Arauco Distribución S.A., Arauco México S.A. de C.V., Arauco Wood Inc., Arauco Colombia S.A., Arauco Perú S.A. and Alto Paraná S.A. (and affiliates). Arauco works with Continental Credit Insurance Company (AA- Fitch Ratings from January 13, 2011). Arauco do Brasil (Brazil) local sales credits are insured with Euler Hermes Insurance Company. These insurance policies cover 90% of the invoice with no deductible.

In order to guarantee a credit line or an advanced payment to a supplier approved by the Credit Committee, Arauco holds several guarantees, such as mortgages, pledges, standby letters of credit, bank guarantee bonds, checks, promissory notes, consumption loans or any other guarantee that may be needed pursuant to each country’s legislation. Debt covered by this type of guarantee amounted to U.S.$131,22 million in December 2010. The guarantee procedure is regulated by Arauco’s Guarantee Policy, which controls accounting and reporting, maturity dates and value.

The Company’s maximum credit risk exposure is limited to the amortized cost value of the registered trade accounts receivable, at the date of this report, less the sales percentage insured by aforementioned credit insurance companies and by the guarantees provided to Arauco.

At the end of 2010, Arauco’s consolidated sales amounted to ThU.S.$3,788,354 that according to the agreed term of sales, 57.12% correspond to credit sales, 29.19% to sales with letters of credit, and 13.69% to other classes of sales, such as Cash Against Documents (CAD).

As of December 31, 2010, Arauco’s Sales Debtors amounted to ThU.S.$609,189 that according to the agreed term of sales, 58.82% corresponded to credit sales, 34.54% to sales with letters of credit and 6.63% to other classes of sales, such as CAD, distributed among 2,441 clients. The client with the highest open account debt did not exceed 2.42% of total receivables at that date.

The receivables covered by the different insurance and guarantee policies reaches 95.84%, therefore, Arauco’s exposure portfolio is 4.16%.

Secured Debt-Open Account

 

     ThU.S.$      %  

Total Open Account receivables

     358,344         100.00   

Secured debt(*)

     343,431         95.84   

Uncovered debt

     14,913         4.16   

 

(*) Secured Debt is defined as the portion of accounts receivable that is covered by a credit company or guarantees as stand-by, mortgage or guarantee bond (among others).

 

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Accounts exposed to this type of risk are: trade receivable, financial lease debtors and other debtors.

 

     December
2010
ThU.S.$
     December
2009
ThU.S.$
 

Current Receivables

     

Trades and Notes Receivable

     609,189         506,503   

Financial lease debtors

     4,317         4,315   

Other Debtors

     160,783         47,623   

Net Subtotal

     774,289         558,441   

Trades and Notes Receivable

     622,773         521,462   

Financial lease debtors

     4,317         4,315   

Other Debtors

     168,532         52,482   

Gross Subtotal

     795,622         578,259   

Estimated Trades and Uncollectable Notes—Bad Debt

     13,584         14,959   

Estimated Financial leases

     0         0   

Estimated Miscellaneous— Bad Debt

     7,749         4,859   

Subtotal Bad Debt

     21,333         19,818   

Non Current Receivables

     

Trades and Notes Receivable

     541         226   

Financial lease debtors

     5,599         7,450   

Other Debtors

     5,825         3,404   

Net Subtotal

     11,965         11,080   

Trades and Notes Receivable

     541         226   

Financial lease debtors

     5,599         7,450   

Other Debtors

     5,825         3,404   

Gross Subtotal

     11,965         11,080   

Estimated Trades and Uncollectable Notes—Bad Debt

     0         0   

Estimated Financial leases

     0         0   

Estimated Miscellaneous—Bad Debt

     0         0   

Subtotal Bad Debt

     0         0   

Explanation of Risk Management Objectives, Policies and Processes, and Measurement Methods

The Credit and Collections Department, which reports to the Financial Department, is responsible for minimizing receivables credit risk and supervising past due accounts. It is also responsible for the approval or rejection of credit limits for all sales. The standards and procedures governing the control and risk management of credit sales are set forth the Company’s Credit Policy.

For customer credit line approval and/or modification, all Arauco group companies must follow an established procedure. All Credit requests are entered into a Credit Evaluation model (EVARIE) where all available information is analyzed, including the credit line given by the credit insurance company. Subsequently, credit requests are approved or rejected by the internal committee of each company within the Arauco group considering the maximum amount authorized by the Credit Policy Department. If the credit line exceeds the maximum established amount, it is subsequently analyzed by the Corporate Committee. Credit lines are renewed on a yearly basis.

Sales with letters of credit are mainly from Asia and the Middle East. Credit assessments of the issuing banks are performed periodically, in order to obtain ratings made by the principal risk classification companies of country and world risk rankings, and of their financial position over the last five years. Depending on this evaluation, it is decided whether the issuing bank is approved or confirmation is requested.

 

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All sales are controlled by a credit verification system that has set parameters to block orders from clients who have accumulated past due amounts of a defined percentage of the debt and/or clients who at the time of product delivery have exceeded their credit limit or whose credit has expired.

Of the total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2010, 88.43% is current, 7.68% is between 1 and 15 days past due, 1.82% is between 16 and 30 days past due, 0.23% is between 31 and 60 days past due, 0.58% is between 61 and 90 days past due, 0.25% is between 91 and 180 days past due, being the maximum distribution of credit for Arauco.

The following table shows the percentages in Sales debtors net, as of December 31, 2010:

 

Accounts receivables

 

Days

   Up to
date
    1 to 15     16 to 30     31 to 60     60 to 90     90 to 180     More
than 90
    Total  

ThU.S.$

     538,731        46,766        11,058        1,412        3,528        1,500        6,194        609,189   

%

     88.43     7.68     1.82     0.23     0.58     0.25     1.02     100

Arauco has recognized impairment over the last five years in the amount of U.S.$9,77 which represents 0.057% of total sales during this period.

Sales debtor impairment as a

percentage of total sales

 

     2010     2009     2008     2007     2006     Last 5
years
 

Sales Debtors Impairment

     0.05     0.05     0.13     0.03     0.01     0.06

The amount recovered by guarantee collections, insurance payments or any other credit enhancement during the first three quarters of 2010 amount to U.S.$1,69 million which represents 18.18% of the total impaired financial assets.

Explanation of any changes to risk exposure or changes in objectives, processes and policies regarding previous years’ risk management

In March 2009, Arauco implemented a Guarantee Policy in order to control accounting, valuation and expiration dates.

In December 2009, Arauco Group updated its Corporate Credit Policy.

Currently there is a Bad Debtors Provision Policy under IFRS for all the companies of Arauco group.

Regarding the risk of fix term deposits, agreements and mutual funds, Arauco has a placement policy that minimizes the risk through guidelines for management of cash flow surpluses in low-risk institutions.

Investment Policy:

Arauco has an Investment Policy that which identifies and limits financial instruments and companies in which Arauco and its subsidiaries are authorized to invest in, specifically, Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.

The company’s Treasury Department is centralized with operations in Chile. The Head Office is responsible for carrying out investments, cash flow surplus investments, and short and long term debt subscriptions. Exceptions to this rule are specific investments made through other companies where authorization is required from the Chief Financial Officer.

 

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With regard to financial instruments, the only permitted investments are fixed income investments and instruments with adequate liquidity. Each instrument has defined classifications and limits, which depend on duration and on the issuer.

With regard to intermediaries (banks, securities dealers and brokers, mutual fund. The last two ones must be banking subsidiaries), a methodology is used with the objective of determining the relative risk level of each bank or entity’s financial position and debt and asset security using a point system that gives each subject entity a relative risk ranking. Arauco uses this system to define investment limits.

The required records for evaluation of the various criteria are obtained from official Financial statements provided by the banks under evaluation and from the classification of in-effect short and long term debt securities, as defined by the controlling entity (the Superintendency of Banks and Financial Institutions) and used by risk classification companies authorized by the controlling entity, which in this case include Fitch Ratings Chile, Humphreys and Feller Rate.

Evaluated criteria are: Capital and Reserves, Current Ratio, Equity Share in Total Investments in Financial System, Capital Yield, Operational Income Net Profit Ratio, Debt / Capital Ratio and the Risk Classifications of each entity.

Any necessary exceptions regarding investment limits in each particular instrument or entity must have the authorization from Arauco’s Chief Financial Officer.

Type of Risk: Liquidity Risk

Description

This risk corresponds to Arauco’s ability to fulfill debt obligations at the time of expiration.

Explanation of Risk Exposure and How These Arise

Arauco’s exposure to liquidity risk is found mainly in its obligations to the public, banks and financial institutions, creditors and other payables. These may arise if Arauco is unable to meet net cash flow requirements, which sustain its operations under both normal and exceptional circumstances.

Explanation of Objectives, Policies and Processes for Risk Management, and Measurement Methods

The Financial Management Department constantly monitors the Company’s cash flow forecasts based on short and long term forecasts and available financing alternatives. In order to control the risk level of available financial assets, Arauco follows its investment policy.

 

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The following table shows the capital commitment of the main financial liabilities subject to liquidity risk, presented without discounting and grouped according to their maturity dates:

December 31, 2010(1):

 

Tax ID

 

Name

 

Currency

 

Name-country

Loans with banks

  Maturity
ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
   

Type of
amortization

 

Effective
Rate

%

 

Nominal
Rate

        0 to 1
month
    1 to 3
months
    3 to 12
months
    1 to 5
years
    More than
5 years
    Current     Non-
current
       
  Arauco do Brasil S.A.   Real   Banco Alfa-Brazil     144        0        0        406        0        144        406      Monthly   TJLP+1.2%   TJLP+1.2%
  Arauco do Brasil S.A.   Real   Banco Alfa-Brazil     161        0        0        308        0        161        308      Monthly   TJLP+1.2%   TJLP+1.2%
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.S. Dollar   Banco BBVA-United States     0        260        24,000        219,463        79        24,260        219,542      (l) semmianual; (k) semmianually from 2011  

Libor 6 months

+0.2%

 

Libor 6 months

+0.2%

93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.S. Dollar   Banco BBVA     30,001        0        0        0        0        30,001        0      Maturity   0.26%   0.26%
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.S. Dollar   American Express     495        0        0        0        0        495        0      Maturity   0.00%   0.00%
  Arauco do Brasil S.A.   Real   Banco do Brasil-Brazil     0        8,905        0        0        0        8,905        0      Maturity   6.75%   6.75%
  Arauco Forest Brasil S.A.   Real   Banco Votorantim-Brazil     82        0        0        1,267        3,480        82        4,747      Monthly   TJLP+3.80%   TJLP+3.80%
  Arauco do Brasil S.A.   Real   Banco Votorantim-Brazil     213        0        0        806        260        213        1,066      Maturity   11.25%   11.25%
  Arauco do Brasil S.A.   Real   Banco Votorantim-Brazil     137        0        2,501        3,989        260        2,638        4,249      Monthly   TJLP+3.80%   TJLP+3.80%
  Arauco Forest Brasil S.A.   U.S.Dollar   Banco Votorantim-Brazil     6        0        0        109        375        6        484      Maturity   11.25%   11.25%
  Arauco do Brasil S.A.   Real   Banco Itau-Brazil     71        0        0        271        0        71        271      Monthly   4.50%   4.50%
  Arauco Forest Brasil S.A.   Real   Banco Itau-Brazil     186        0        0        647        0        186        647      Maturity   4.50%   4.50%
  Arauco do Brasil S.A.   Real   Fundo de Desenvolvimiento Econom.-Brazil     81        0        0        0        358        81        358      Monthly   0.00%   0.00%
76,721,630-0   Forestal Rio Grande S.A.   U.S. Dollar   J.P.Morgan-United States     9,860        0        25,713        69,094        0        35,573        69,094      Quarterly  

Libor 3 months

+0.375%

 

Libor 3 months

+0.375%

                                                                   
      Total     41,437        9,165        52,214        296,360        4,812        102,816        301,172         
                                                                   

 

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Tax ID

 

Name

 

Currency

 

Name-country

Bonds obligation

  Maturity
ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
   

Type of
amortization

 

Effective
Rate

%

 

Nominal
Rate

%

        0 to 1
month
    1 to 3
months
    3 to 12
months
    1 to 5
years
    More than
5 years
    Current     Non-
current
       
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.F.   Barau-E     0        0        303        48,190        0        303        48,190      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   4.02   4.00
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.F.   Barau-F     0        0        2,250        53,987        424,911        2,250        478,898      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   4.24   4.25
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.F.   Barau-H     0        684        0        96,006        0        684        96,006      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   2.40   2.25
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.F.   Barau-J     0        2,422        0        41,385        280,729        2,422        322,114      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   3.23   3.22
  Alto Paraná S.A.   U.S. Dollar   Bonds 144 A-Argentina     1,004        0        0        68,850        292,482        1,004        361,332      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   6.39   6.38
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.S. Dollar   Yankee bonds 2019     15,205        0        0        145,000        638,387        15,205        783,387      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   7.26   7.25
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.S. Dollar   Yankee bonds 2ª emission     0        2,734        0        37,500        142,808        2,734        180,308      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   7.50   7.50
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.S. Dollar   Yankee bonds 4ª emission     0        8,914        386,558        0        0        395,472        0      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   7.77   7.75
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.S. Dollar   Yankee bonds 5ª emission     7,303        0        0        329,510        0        7,303        329,510      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   5.14   5.13
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.S. Dollar   Yankee bonds 6ª emission     0        0        4,047        440,252        0        4,047        440,252      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   5.64   5.63
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.S. Dollar   Yankee 2021     5,556        0        0        80,000        502,661        5,556        582,661      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   5.02   5.00
                                                                   
      Total     29,068        14,754        393,158        1,340,680        2,281,978        436,980        3,622,658         
                                                                   

 

Tax ID

 

Name

 

Currency

 

Name-country

Bonds obligation

  Maturity
ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
   

Type of
amortization

 

Effective
Rate

%

 

Nominal
Rate

%

        0 to 1
month
    1 to 3
months
    3 to 12
months
    1 to 5
years
    More than
5 years
    Current     Non-
current
       
82,152,700-7   Bosques Arauco S.A.   U.F.   Banco Santander Chile-97,036,000-K     27        54        250        49        0        331        49      Monthly   4.50   4.50
96,567,940-5   Forestal Valdivia S.A.   U.F.   Banco Santander Chile-97,036,000-K     13        0        0        0        0        13        0      Monthly   4.50   4.50
                                                                   
      Total     40        54        250        49        0        344        49         
                                                                   

Arauco’ politics considered to meet with all Accounts payable related to or third parties (see Note 13), no later than 30 days.

 

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December 31, 2009:

 

Tax ID

 

Name

 

Currency

 

Name-country

Loans with banks

  Maturity
ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
   

Type of
amortization

 

Effective
Rate

 

Nominal
Rate

        0 to 1
month
    1 to 3
months
    3 to 12
months
    1 to 5
years
    More than
5 years
    Current     Non-
current
       
  Arauco do Brasil S.A.   Real   Banco Alfa-Brazil     5        0        22        325        0        27        325      Montly   TJLP+1.8%   TJLP+1.8%
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   US Dollar   Banco BBVA-United States     0        0        301        172,458        72,453        301        244,911      (l) semmianual; (k) semmianual from 2011  

Libor
6 months

+0.2%

 

Libor
6 months

+0.2%

93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   US Dollar   Banco del Estado-Chile-97,030,000-7     0        103,640        0        0        0        103,640        0      Maturity   4.35%   4.35%
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   US Dollar   Banco BBVA-Chile-91,032,000-8     0        15,003        0        0        0        15,003        0      Maturity  

Libor
2 months

+0.55%

 

Libor
2 months

+0.55%

  Arauco do Brasil S.A.   Real   Banco do Brasil-Brazil     722        1,195        371        0        0        2,288        0      Maturity   6.75%   6.75%
  Alto Paraná S.A.   US Dollar   Banco Santander Rio-Argentina     3,061        0        0        0        0        3,061        0      Maturity   4.80%   4.80%
  Alto Paraná S.A.   US Dollar   Banco Santander Rio-Argentina     0        4,006        0        0        0        4,006        0      Maturity   2.00%   2.00%
  Arauco Forest Brasil S.A.   Real   Banco Votorantim-Brazil     77        0        0        0        4,404        77        4,404      Montly   TJLP+3.80%   TJLP+3.80%
  Arauco Forest Brasil S.A.   Real   Banco Votorantim-Brazil     6        0        0        0        424        6        424      Montly   VC+CM+3.30%   VC+CM+3.30%
  Alto Paraná S.A.   US Dollar   Bank Boston-Argentina     3,580        0        0        0        0        3,580        0      Maturity   5.0%   5.0%
  Alto Paraná S.A.   US Dollar   BBVA Banco Francés-Argentina     0        0        5,022        0        0        5,022        0      Maturity   2.50%   2.50%
  Alto Paraná S.A.   US Dollar   BBVA Banco Francés-Argentina     0        4,001        0        0        0        4,001        0      Maturity   1.85%   1.85%
  Alto Paraná S.A.   US Dollar   BBVA Banco Francés-Argentina     1,534        0        0        0        0        1,534        0      Maturity   5.0%   5.0%
  Alto Paraná S.A.   US Dollar   BBVA Banco Francés-Argentina     1,006        0        0        0        0        1,006        0      Maturity   3.0%   3.0%
  Alto Paraná S.A.   US Dollar   Banco Galicia-Argentina     0        0        2,009        0        0        2,009        0      Maturity   2.75%   2.75%
  Arauco do Brasil S.A.   Real   Banco Itau-Brazil     2,569        4,116        9,381        0        0        16,066        0      Montly   1.43% do CDI   1.43% do CDI
  Arauco do Brasil S.A.   Real   Fundo de Desenvolvimiento Econom.-Brazil     7        20        54        474        118        81        592      Montly   0%   0%
76,721,630-0   Forestal Rio Grande S.A.   US Dollar   J.P.Morgan-United States     10,267        0        25,713        104,197        0        35,980        104,197      Quarterly  

Libor
3 months

+0.375%

 

Libor
3 months

+0.375%

78,049,140-K   Forestal Los Lagos S.A.   US Dollar   Santander Overseas Bank-Puerto Rico     4,839        0        0        0        0        4,839        0      Semminanual  

Libor
6 months

+0.5%

 

Libor
6 months

+0.5%

                                                                   
      Total     27,673        131,981        42,873        277,454        77,399        202,527        354,853         
                                                                   

 

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Tax ID

 

Name

 

Currency

 

Name-country

Bonds obligation

  Maturity
ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
   

Type of
amortization

 

Effective
Rate

%

 

Nominal
Rate

%

        0 to 1
month
    1 to 3
months
    3 to 12
months
    1 to 5
years
    More than
5 years
    Current     Non-
current
       
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.F.   Barau-E     0        0        273        45,796        0        273        45,796      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   4.02   4.00
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.F.   Barau-F     0        0        2,026        48,635        407,643        2,026        456,278      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   4.24   4.25
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   U.F.   Barau-H     0        617        0        89,067        0        617        89,067      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   2.40   2.25
  Alto Paraná S.A.   US Dollar   Bonds 144 A-Argentina     1,004        0        0        68,850        313,031        1,004        381,881      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   6.39   6.38
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   US Dollar   Yankee bonds 2019     15,406        0        0        145,000        681,250        15,406        826,250      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   7.26   7.25
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   US Dollar   Yankee bonds 2ª emission     0        2,734        0        37,500        153,125        2,734        190,625      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   7.50   7.50
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   US Dollar   Yankee bonds 3ª emission     0        8,749        270,500        0        0        279,249        0      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   8.65   8.625
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   US Dollar   Yankee bonds 4ª emission     0        8,914        0        416,993        0        8,914        416,993      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   7.77   7.75
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   US Dollar   Yankee bonds 5ª emission     7,303        0        0        346,125        0        7,303        346,125      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   5.14   5.13
93,458,000-1   Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.   US Dollar   Yankee bonds 6ª emission     0        0        4,047        83,250        380,406        4,047        463,656      (l) semmianual; (k) maturity   5.64   5.63
                                                                   
      Total     23,713        21,014        276,846        1,281,216        1,935,455        321,573        3,216,671         
                                                                   

 

Tax ID

 

Name

  Currency    

Name-country

Bonds obligation

  Maturity
ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
   

Type of
amortization

 

Effective
Rate

%

 

Nominal
Rate

%

        0 to 1
month
    1 to 3
months
    3 to 12
months
    1 to 5
years
    More than
5 years
    Current     Non-
current
       
82,152,700-7   Bosques Arauco S.A.     U.F.      Banco Santander Chile-97,036,000-K     18        37        169        235        0        224        235      Monthly   4.50   4.50
96,567,940-5   Forestal Valdivia S.A.     U.F.      Banco Santander Chile-97,036,000-K     11        22        104        12        0        137        12      Monthly   4.50   4.50
                                                                   
     

Total

    29        59        273        247        0        361        247         
                                                                   

 

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Guarantees given

As of the date of these financial statements, Arauco holds ThU.S.$10,622 as financial assets passed to third parties (beneficiaries), as a direct guarantee. If Arauco does not meet its obligation, the beneficiaries can seek relief under the warranty.

As of December 31, 2010, the assets covered by an indirect guarantee amounted to ThU.S.$308,874. The indirect guarantees are given to protect the obligation assumed by a third party, either a related company (the full guarantee of Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. on Alto Paraná bonds amounted to ThU.S.$ 270,000) or an unrelated company (the buy-back operations that guarantee the obligation of forest service enterprises amounted to ThU.S.$38,005, which in the event of default, Arauco can cancel the obligation to obtain the asset exchange contract).

Direct and indirect guarantees granted by Arauco:

Direct:

 

Subsidiary reporting

 

Guarantee

 

Involved assets

  ThU.S.$    

Creditor of the guarantee

Arauco do Brasil S.A.

  Collateral   Property, plant and equipment     1,197      Banco Alfa S.A.

Arauco do Brasil S.A.

  Guarantee Letter       2,332      Tractebel Energia Comercializadora Ltda.

Arauco Forest Brasil S.A.

  Guarantee Letter       7,027      Banco Votorantim S.A.

Indirect:

 

Subsidiary reporting

 

Guarantee

 

Involved assets

  ThU.S.$    

Creditor of the guarantee

Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A.

  Full Guarantee       270,000      Alto Paraná S.A. (Bonds Holders 144 A)

Bosques Arauco S.A.

  Buy-back       4,788      Leasing Banco Santander

Bosques Arauco S.A.

  Buy-back       2,362      Leasing Banco Chile

Forestal Valdivia S.A.

  Buy-back       1,099      Leasing Banco Santander

Forestal Valdivia S.A.

  Buy-back       1,581      Leasing Banco Chile

Forestal Celco S.A.

  Buy-back       15,609      Banco Santander

Forestal Celco S.A.

  Buy-back       13,345      Banco Chile

Type of Risk: Market Risk—Exchange Rate

Description

This risk arises from the probability of being affected by losses from fluctuations in exchange rate in currencies in which assets and liabilities are denominated, in other than the functional currency defined by Arauco.

Explanation of Risk Exposures and How these Arise

Arauco is exposed to the risk of U.S. Dollar (functional currency) fluctuations for sales, purchases and obligations in other currencies, such as the Chilean Peso, Euro, Brazilian Real or others. In the case of significant exchange rate variations, the Chilean Peso is the currency that represents the main risk.

Explanation of Risk Management Objectives, Policies and Processes, and Measurement Methods

Arauco performs sensitivity analyses to measure the effect of this variable on EBITDA and Income.

Sensitivity analysis considers a variation of + /-10% of the exchange rate as of December 31, 2010 over the Chilean Peso. This fluctuation range is considered possible given current market conditions at the closing date.

 

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With all other variables at a constant rate, a U.S. Dollar exchange rate variation of +/-10% in relation to the Chilean Peso would mean a EBITDA an annual variation of +/-0.21% on the income after tax and +/-0.23% and 0.02% on equity.

The main financial instruments subject to exchange rate risk are local bonds issued in UF. These are not covered by swaps described in the Hedging chapter.

 

Amounts expressed in UF

   12/31/2010      12/31/2009  

Bonds Issued in UF (E Series)(*)

     1,000,000         1,000,000   

Bonds Issued in UF (F Series)

     2,000,000         3,000,000   

 

(*) Arauco placed a E series bond in November 2008 for an amount of 1,000,000 UF at an annual rate of 4.00% payable semi-annually.

Type of Risk: Market Risk—Interest rate

Description

This risk refers to the sensitivity of the value of financial assets and liabilities in terms of interest rate fluctuations.

Explanation of Risk Exposure and How These Arise

Arauco is exposed to risks due to interest rate fluctuations for obligations to the public, banks and financial institutions and financial instruments that accrue interest at a variable rate.

Explanation of Risk Management Objectives, Policies and Processes, and Measurement Methods

Arauco completes its risk analysis by reviewing its exposure to changes in interest rates. As of December 31, 2010, 7.3% of the Company’s bonds and bank loans bear interest at variable rates. A change of +/-10% interest rate, is considered a possible range of fluctuation. Such market conditions would affect the income after tax at rate of +/-0.07% and equity would not be affected.

 

     12/31/2010
ThU.S.$
     Total  

Fixed rate

     3,197,239         92.7

Bonds issued

     3,051,620      

Loans with Banks(*)

     145,226      

Financial leasing

     393      

Variable rate

     252,330         7.3

Bonds issued

     0      

Loans with banks

     252,330      

Total

     3,449,569         100.00

 

(*) Includes bank loans with variable rate swapped to fixed rate.

Type of Risk: Market Risk—Price of Pulp

Description

Pulp price is determined by world and regional market conditions. Prices fluctuate based on demand, production capacity, commercial strategies adopted by large-scale forestry companies, pulp and paper producers and by the availability of substitutes.

 

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Explanation of Risk Exposure and How These Arise

Pulp prices are reflected in operational sales and directly affect the net income for the period.

As of December 31, 2010, operational income due to pulp sales accounted for 47.24% of total sales. Pulp prices are fixed on a monthly basis in accordance with the market. Forward contracts or other financial instruments are not used for pulp sales.

Explanation of Risk Management Objectives, Policies and Processes, and Measurement Methods

This risk is approached in different ways. Arauco has a team of specialists who perform periodic market and competition analyses, providing tools to analyze and evaluate trends and adjust forecasts. Similarly, Arauco performs price financial sensitivity analysis in order to take the necessary safeguards to confront different scenarios in the best possible manner.

Sensitivity analysis considers a variation of +/-10% in the average pulp price, a possible fluctuation range given current market conditions at the date of the closing balance. With all other variables constant, a variation of +/-10% in the average pulp price would mean a EBITDA annual variation of +/-23.43%, on the income after tax and +/-17.98% and +/-1.40% on equity.

NOTE 24. OPERATING SEGMENTS (IFRS 8)

Operating segments were defined in accordance with Arauco’s senior management internal reporting structure, which is used to support operating decisions and resource allocation. Furthermore, the availability of relevant financial information has been considered in order to define operating segments. The persons responsible for making the decisions mentioned above are the Chief Executive Officer and Corporate Managing Directors of each business area (segment).

In line with the above, the Company established operating segments according to the following business units:

 

   

Pulp

 

   

Panels

 

   

Sawn Timber

 

   

Forestry

Description of Products and Services that Provide Ordinary Income for each disclosed Segment

Following below are the main products that provide ordinary income for each operational segment:

 

   

Pulp: The main products sold by this department are long fiber bleached pulp (BSKP), short fiber bleached pulp (BHKP), long fiber raw pulp (UKP), and pulp fluff.

 

   

Panels: The main products sold in this area are plywood panels, MDF panels (medium density fiberboard), Hardboard Panels, PB Panels (agglomerated) and MDF Moldings.

 

   

Sawn Timber: The range of products sold by this business unit includes different sizes of sawn wood and remanufactured products such as moldings, precut pieces and finger joints, among others.

 

   

Forestry: This area produces and sells sawn logs, pulpable logs, posts and chips made from owned forests of Radiata and Taeda pine, eucalyptus globulus and nitens forests. Additionally, the Company purchases logs and woodchip from third parties, which it sells to its other business areas.

 

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Explanation on the measurements of Earnings, Assets and Liability of Each Segment

Pulp

The Pulp business unit uses wood exclusively from pine and eucalyptus plantations for the production of different classes of wood cellulose or pulp. Bleached pulp is mainly used as raw material for producing printing and writing paper, as well as toilet paper and high quality wrapping paper. Unbleached pulp is used to produce packing paper, filters, fiber cement products, dielectric paper and others. On the other hand fluff pulp is mainly used in the production of diapers and female hygiene products.

Arauco has six plants, five in Chile and one in Argentina, and they have a total production capacity of approximately 3.2 millions tons per year. Pulp is sold in more than 40 countries, mainly in Asia and Europe.

Panels

The Panels business unit produces a wide range of panels products and several kinds of moldings aimed at the furniture, decoration and construction industries. In its 8 industrial plants, 3 in Chile, 2 in Argentina and 3 in Brazil, the Company has a total annual production capacity of 3.2 million cubic meters of plywood, PBO, MDF, Hardboards and moldings.

Sawn Timber

The Sawn Timber business unit produces a wide range of wood and remanufactured products with different kinds of uses and appearances, which include a wide variety of uses in the furniture, packing, construction and refurbishing industries.

With 9 saw mills in operation, 8 in Chile and 1 in Argentina, the Company has a production capacity of 2.8 million cubic meters of sawn wood.

Furthermore, the company has 6 remanufacturing plants, 5 in Chile and 1 in Argentina. These plants reprocess sawn wood and produce high quality remanufactured products, such as finger joint and solid moldings as well as precut pieces. These products are sold in more than 28 countries.

Forestry

The Forestry Division is Arauco’s core business. It provides raw material for all products manufactured and sold by the Company. By directly controlling the growth of the forests to be processed, Arauco guarantees itself quality wood for each of its products.

Arauco holds forestry assets distributed throughout Chile, Argentina and Brazil, reaching 1.5 million hectares, of which 939 thousand hectares are used for plantations, 367 thousand hectares for native forests, 158 thousand hectares for other uses and 52 thousand hectares are to be planted. Arauco’s principal plantations consist of Radiata and taeda pine. These are species that have fast growth rates and short harvest cycles compared with other long fiber commercial woods.

Additionally, Arauco owns a forestry asset of 127 thousand hectares in Uruguay through a joint venture with Stora Enso, which is presented under Investment in associates and accounted for the equity method (see Note 15 and 16).

 

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Summary financial information of assets, liabilities and income by segment, are as follows:

 

Year ended December 31, 2010

  Pulp
ThU.S.$
    Sawn timber
ThU.S.$
    Forestry
ThU.S.$
    Panels
ThU.S.$
    Others
ThU.S.$
    Corporate
ThU.S.$
    Sub Total
ThU.S.$
    Elimination
ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
 

Income due to ordinary activities from external customers

    1,878,997        621,453        156,269        1,109,738        21,897        0        3,788,354        0        3,788,354   

Ordinary activity income among segments

    29,340        44,753        663,524        16,592        23,741        0        777,950        (777,950     0   
                                                                       

Financial income

    0        0        0        0        0        22,154        22,154        0        22,154   

Financial costs

    0        0        0        0        0        (213,912     (213,912     0        (213,912

Financial costs, net

    0        0        0        0        0        (191,758     (191,758     0        (191,758
                                                                       

Depreciation and amortizations

    145,254        18,833        10,211        52,764        3,891        2,702        233,655        0        233,655   

Sum of significant income accounts

    116,666        2,673        221,501        5,837        0        0        346,677        0        346,677   

Sum of significant expense accounts

    3,829        7,058        11,392        2,979        296        0        25,554        0        25,554   
                                                                       

Income (loss) of each specific segment

    891,802        64,774        90,223        172,920        3,037        (528,006     694,750        0        694,750   
                                                                       

Company equity in profit and loss of associates and joint ventures through equity method

                 

Associates

    0        0        0        0        0        1,906        1,906        0        1,906   

Joint ventures

    (1,117     0        (6,988     0        0        (1,494     (9,599     0        (9,599
                                                                       

Income tax expense

    0        0        0        0        0        (198,018     (198,018     0        (198,018
                                                                       

Non-monetary asset disbursements of the segment

                 

Acquisition of property, plant and equipment and biological assets

    312,258        55,224        192,199        72,281        1,358        446        633,786        0        633,786   

Acquisition and contribution of investments in associates and joint venture

    9,650        0        29,909        7,523        0        8,000        55,082        0        55,082   
                                                                       

Nationality of Ordinary Income

                 

Ordinary income (Chilean companies)

    1,599,750        561,495        100,342        583,067        1,525        0        2,846,179        0        2,846,179   

Ordinary income—foreign (Foreign companies)

    279,247        59,958        55,927        526,671        20,372        0        942,175        0        942,175   

Total Ordinary Income

    1,878,997        621,453        156,269        1,109,738        21,897        0        3,788,354        0        3,788,354   

Year ending December 31, 2010

  Pulp
ThU.S.$
    Sawn timber
ThU.S.$
    Forestry
ThU.S.$
    Panels
ThU.S.$
    Others
ThU.S.$
    Corporate
ThU.S.$
    Sub Total
ThU.S.$
    Elimination
ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
 

Segment assets

    3,840,362        546,386        5,237,801        1,438,486        50,120        1,412,275        12,525,430        (19,098     12,506,332   

Investments accounted through equity method

                 

Associates

    0        0        0        0        0        114,155        114,155        0        114,155   

Joint Ventures

    33,588        0        328,622        0        0        21,839        384,049        0        384,049   

Segment liabilities

    153,270        54,132        112,374        256,864        13,469        5,075,648        5,665,757        0        5,665,757   
                                                                       

Chile

    2,594,804        248,490        3,425,316        295,677        1,978        225,815        6,792,080        2,486        6,794,566   

Foreign

    531,107        31,550        1,242,324        644,501        35,367        88,909        2,573,758        0        2,573,758   

Non-current assets, Total

    3,125,911        280,040        4,667,640        940,178        37,345        314,724        9,365,838        2,486        9,368,324   

 

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Year ended December 31, 2009

  Pulp
ThU.S.$
    Sawn timber
ThU.S.$
    Forestry
ThU.S.$
    Panels
ThU.S.$
    Others
ThU.S.$
    Corporate
ThU.S.$
    Sub Total
ThU.S.$
    Elimination
ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
 

Income due to ordinary activities from external customers

    1,682,715        493,938        89,521        832,170        14,701        0        3,113,045        0        3,113,045   

Ordinary activity income among segments

    19,920        2,974        665,057        34,472        26,009        0        748,432        (748,432     0   
                                                                       

Financial income

    0        0        0        0        0        19,313        19,313        0        19,313   

Financial costs

    0        0        0        0        0        (193,872     (193,872     0        (193,872

Financial costs, net

    0        0        0        0        0        (174,559     (174,559     0        (174,559
                                                                       

Depreciation and amortizations

    135,849        19,797        7,518        40,543        3,704        0        207,411        0        207,411   

Sum of significant income accounts

    0        0        220,570        673        0        0        221,243        0        221,243   

Sum of significant expense accounts

    3,399        7,755        4,314        342        0        0        15,810        0        15,810   
                                                                       

Income (loss) of each specific segment

    320,161        (5,833     191,000        83,539        256        (288,225     300,898        0        300,898   
                                                                       

Company equity in profit and loss of associates and joint ventures through equity method

                 

Associates

    0        0        0        0        0        4,084        4,084        0        4,084   

Joint ventures

    183        0        26        0        0        2,328        2,537        0        2,537   
                                                                       

Income tax expense

    0        0        0        0        0        (53,537     (53,537       (53,537
                                                                       

Non-monetary asset disbursements of the segment

                 

Acquisition of property, plant and equipment and biological assets

    167,560        33,193        131,479        32,622        2,010        1,667        368,531        0        368,531   

Acquisition and contribution of investments in associates and joint venture

    0        0        117,585        164,088        0        22,060        303,733        0        303,733   
                                                                       

Nationality of Ordinary Income

                 

Ordinary income (Chilean companies)

    1,483,774        448,452        51,242        508,747        1,008        0        2,493,223        0        2,493,223   

Ordinary income—foreign (Foreign companies)

    198,941        45,486        38,279        323,423        13,693        0        619,822        0        619,822   

Total Ordinary Income

    1,682,715        493,938        89,521        832,170        14,701        0        3,113,045        0        3,113,045   

Year ended December 31, 2009

  Pulp
ThU.S.$
    Sawn timber
ThU.S.$
    Forestry
ThU.S.$
    Panels
ThU.S.$
    Others
ThU.S.$
    Corporate
ThU.S.$
    Sub Total
ThU.S.$
    Elimination
ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
 

Segment assets

    3,752,640        444,803        5,029,092        1,209,617        50,426        938,154        11,424,732        (10,905     11,413,827   

Investment in associates and joint ventures through equity method

                 

Associates

    0        0        0        0        0        118,435        118,435        0        118,435   

Joint Ventures

    25,055        0        305,701        0        0        26,910        357,666        0        357,666   

Segment liabilities

    119,262        41,251        94,786        232,227        9,407        4,534,461        5,031,394        0        5,031,394   
                                                                       

Nationality of non-current assets

                 

Chile

    2,604,235        222,473        3,364,282        299,227        1,974        175,945        6,668,136        1,938        6,670,074   

Foreign

    539,907        42,053        990,407        764,288        37,627        97,158        2,471,440        0        2,471,440   

Non-current assets, Total

    3,144,142        264,526        4,354,689        1,063,515        39,601        273,103        9,139,576        1,938        9,141,514   

 

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Year ended December 31, 2008

  Pulp
ThU.S.$
    Sawn timber
ThU.S.$
    Forestry
ThU.S.$
    Panels
ThU.S.$
    Others
ThU.S.$
    Corporate
ThU.S.$
    Sub Total
ThU.S.$
    Elimination
ThU.S.$
    Total
ThU.S.$
 

Income due to ordinary activities from external customers

    1,912,556        722,316        108,165        944,534        26,322        0        3,713,893        0        3,713,893   

Ordinary activity income among segments

    33,459        3,467        839,723        54,416        32,099        0        963,164        (963,164     0   
                                                                       

Financial income

    0        0        0        0        0        19,408        19,408        0        19,408   

Financial costs

    0        0        0        0        0        (175,241     (175,241     0        (175,241

Financial costs, net

    0        0        0        0        0        (155,833     (155,833     0        (155,833
                                                                       

Depreciation and amortizations

    121,971        20,380        6,102        37,092        3,711        0        189,256        0        189,256   

Sum of significant income accounts

    0        0        65,201        0        0        0        65,201        0        65,201   

Sum of significant expense accounts

    1,154        5,412        7,204        502        0        0        14,272        0        14,272   
                                                                       

Income (loss) of each specific segment

    575,467        28,632        (19,725     211,041        2,542        (398,391     399,566        0        399,566   
                                                                       

Company equity in income and loss of associates and joint ventures through equity method

                 

Associates

    0        0        0        0        0        4,241        4,241        0        4,241   

Joint ventures

    0        0        0        0        0        1,598        1,598        0        1,598   
                                                                       

Income tax expense

    0        0        0        0        0        (98,044     (98,044     0        (98,044
                                                                       

Non-monetary asset disbursements of the segment

                 

Acquisition of property, plant and equipment and biological assets

    214,538        35,864        156,531        49,883        3,160        0        459,976        0        459,976   

Acquisition and contribution of investments in associates and joint venture

    0        0        0        0        0        10,353        10,353        0        10,353   
                                                                       

Nationality of Ordinary Income

                 

Ordinary income (Chilean companies)

    1,669,419        655,532        71,505        581,741        866        0        2,979,063        0        2,979,063   

Ordinary income—foreign (Foreign companies)

    243,137        66,784        36,660        362,793        25,456        0        734,830        0        734,830   

Total Ordinary Income

    1,912,556        722,316        108,165        944,534        26,322        0        3,713,893        0        3,713,893   

 

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NOTE 25. DISTRIBUTABLE NET INCOME AND EARNINGS PER SHARE

Distributable net income

As a general policy, the Board of Directors of Arauco agreed that the net income to be distributed as dividend payment is determined based on the effective realized income, net of any relevant variations in the value of unrealized assets and liabilities, which are excluded from the calculation of net income during the period such changes are made.

As a result of the foregoing, for purposes of determining the distributable net income of the Company, which is the same considered for calculating the minimum required and additional dividend, the following unrealized results are excluded from the results of the exercise:

 

1) Those relating to the fair value recorded for forestry assets covered by IAS 41, restoring them to the net income at the time of its completion. For these purposes, this includes the realized portion of such increases in fair value for assets sold or disposed by other means.

 

2) Those generated through the acquisition of entities. These results will be restored to the net income at the time of their realization. For this purpose, the results are realized when acquired entities generate an income after their acquisition or when such entities are sold.

The deferred taxes associated with the amounts described in points 1) and 2) are also excluded.

The following table details adjustments made for the determination of distributable net income as of December 31, 2010 corresponding to 40% of the distributable net income for the year 2010:

 

     Distributable  Net
Profit

ThU.S.$
 

Income attributable to the Parent Company at 12/31/2010

     694,750   

Adjustments

  

Biological Assets

  

Unrealized

     (221,502

Realized

     200,320   

Deferred income taxes

     (1,744

Biological Assets (net)

     (22,926

Negative Goodwill

     (1,113

Total adjustments

     (24,039

Distributable Net Income at 12/31/2010

     670,711   

 

     Distributable  Net
Profit

ThU.S.$
 

Income attributable to the Parent Company at 12/31/2009

     300,898   

Adjustments

  

Biological Assets

  

Unrealized

     (155,532

Realized

     115,969   

Deferred income taxes

     10,492   

Biological Assets (net)

     (29,071

Income for the incorporation of the joint venture

     (28,167

Negative Goodwill

     (36,871

Total adjustments

     (94,109

Distributable Net Income at 12/31/2009

     206,789   

 

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As a general matter, the Company expects to maintain its policy on dividends, for all future tax periods, with around 40% of net income to be distributed for each tax year, but will also consider the alternative of distributing a provisional dividend at year end.

Other non-current financial liabilities included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet dated December 31, 2010 shows ThU.S.$210,956 and ThU.S.$182,770 correspond to the provision of minimum dividend for the year 2010, discounting the interim dividend for ThU.S.$85,515 paid on December 16, 2010.

Earnings per share

The earnings per share are calculated by dividing the income attributable to shareholders of the Company with the weighted average of outstanding common shares. Arauco has no dilutive shares.

 

Gains (losses) per Shares

   January-December  
   2010
ThU.S.$
     2009
ThU.S.$
     2008
ThU.S.$
 

Gain (loss) attributable to holders of instruments in net equity participation of the Controller

     694,750         300,898         399,566   

Weighted average of number of shares, basic

     113,152,446         113,152,446         113,152,446   

Gain (loss) per share (U.S.$ per share)

     6.14         2.66         3.53   

NOTE 26. EVENTS AFTER REPORTING PERIOD (IAS 10)

1) Arauco and Stora Enso have done a number of investments in order to secure a strategic base that allows forestry to carry out a project to build a pulp mill in the Republic of Uruguay. To achieve this goal, Arauco, through its subsidiary Inversiones Arauco Internacional Limitada and Stora Enso are equal partners in a joint venture nominated Montes del Plata, who owned forests in Uruguay of approximately 250,000 hectares of land, of which half is planted.

Considering this strategic supply base forest, Inversiones Arauco Internacional Limitada and Stora Enso have agreed to undertake a project to build a pulp mill with a guaranteed capacity of 1.3 million tons per year, a port and a power unit utilizing renewal resources in the location of Punta Pereira, department of Colonia, Uruguay. Total investment is estimated to be of US$ 1,900,000,000.

It is estimated that the pulp mill is operational in the first half of 2013. Wood supply will come mostly from its forest plantations of Montes del Plata in the various department of the country. The project will be financed by approximately 40% correspondent to capital from shareholders and 60% from third-party financing.

2) As indicated, Inversiones Arauco Internacional Limitada, a subsidiary of the Company, and Stora Enso agreed to carry out a Project to build a pulp mill edge with guaranteed capacity of 1.3 million tons per year, a port and a power generated unit based on renewal resources in the location of Punta Pereira, department de Colonia, Uruguay.

In relation to the above mentioned, on February 9, 2011 the Board of Directors of the Company in 23rd Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting approved the provision of a non-solidarity and limited guarantee to ensure obligations to the Uruguayan company, Celulosa y Energía Punta Pereira S.A. (“CEPP”), a related company of Arauco, to assume through “Engineering Procurement and Construction Agreement” the construction of the main areas of the pulp mill (the “EPCs”) in favor of the company Andritz AG constituted in Uruguay to celebrate the

 

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EPCs that will be signed for this purposes. The mentioned guarantee will be limited to the lower sum of: (i) 50% of any and all amounts owed by CEPP, under the EPCs; or (ii) the total and cumulative amount of €189.000.000.

3) The only industrial unit of the Company in which normalization was pending at December 31, 2010 as a result of the event dated February 27, 2010 was Line II of the Arauco Plant, located in Arauco, VIII Region, with a production capacity of 500,000 tons of cellulose per year. This line faced a complex repair process for the damages caused by the earthquake that occurred last February 27, especially its recovery boiler, which is critical for resuming production.

The referred Line II initiated its productive activities the first two weeks of February 2011.

4) The authorization for the issuance and publication of these consolidated financial statements for the period finished on December 31, 2010 was approved by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) in Extraordinary Session No. 438 dated March 04, 2011.

No other events have occurred between December 31, 2010 and the issuance of these financial statements.

 

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