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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

 

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Astrotech Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries that are required to be consolidated. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that directly affect the amounts reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management continuously evaluates its critical accounting policies and estimates, including those used in evaluating the recoverability of long-lived assets, recognition of revenue, valuation of inventory, and the recognition and measurement of loss contingencies, if any. Actual results may vary.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

 

Astrotech recognizes revenue employing the generally accepted revenue recognition methodologies described under the provisions of ASC Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”), which was adopted by the Company in fiscal year 2019. The methodology used is based on contract type and how products and services are provided. The guidelines of Topic 606 establish a five-step process to govern the recognition and reporting of revenue from contracts with customers. The five steps are: (i) identify the contract with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations within the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations within the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when or as the performance obligations are satisfied.  

 

An additional factor is reasonable assurance of collectability. This necessitates deferral of all or a portion of revenue recognition until collection. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, the Company had one material revenue source that comprised substantially all of our $488 thousand. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, the Company had two revenue sources totaling $127 thousand. Revenue was recognized at a point in time consistent with the guidelines in Topic 606.

 

We disaggregate revenue by reporting segment (1st Detect, Astral, AgLAB) to depict the nature of revenue in a manner consistent with our business operations and to be consistent with other communications and public filings. Refer to Note 15 for additional details of revenues by reporting segment.

 

Contract Assets and Liabilities. We enter into contracts to sell products and provide services, and we recognize contract assets and liabilities that arise from these transactions. We recognize revenue and corresponding accounts receivable according to Topic 606 and, at times, recognize revenue in advance of the time when contracts give us the right to invoice a customer. We may also receive consideration, per the terms of a contract, from customers prior to transferring goods to the customer. We record customer deposits as deferred revenue. Additionally, we may receive payments, most typically for service and warranty contracts, at the onset of the contract and before services have been performed. In such instances, we record a deferred revenue liability. We recognize these contract liabilities as sales after all revenue recognition criteria are met.

 

Practical Expedients. In cases where we are responsible for shipping after the customer has obtained control of the goods, we have elected to treat the shipping activities as fulfillment activities rather than as a separate performance obligation. Additionally, we have elected to capitalize the cost to obtain a contract only if the period of amortization would be longer than one year. We only give consideration to whether a customer agreement has a financing component if the period of time between transfer of goods and services and customer payment is greater than one year.

 

Product Sales. We recognize revenue from sales of products upon shipment or delivery when control of the product transfers to the customer, depending on the terms of each sale, and when collection is probable. In the circumstance where terms of a product sale include subjective customer acceptance criteria, revenue is deferred until we have achieved the acceptance criteria unless the customer acceptance criteria are perfunctory or inconsequential. We generally offer customers payment terms of less than one year.

 

Freight. We record shipping and handling fees that we charge to our customers as revenue and related costs as cost of goods sold.

 

Multiple Performance Obligations. Certain agreements with customers include the sale of equipment involving multiple elements in cases where obligations in a contract are distinct and thus require separation into multiple performance obligations, revenue recognition guidance requires that contract consideration be allocated to each distinct performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. The value allocated to each performance obligation is then recognized as revenue when the revenue recognition criteria for each distinct promise or bundle of promises has been met.

 

The standalone selling price for each performance obligation is an amount that depicts the amount of consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the good or service. When there is only one performance obligation associated with a contract, the entire amount of consideration is attributed to that obligation. When a contract contains multiple performance obligations the standalone selling price is first estimated using the observable price, which is generally a list price net of applicable discount or the price used to sell the good or service in similar circumstances. In circumstances when a selling price is not directly observable, we will estimate the standalone selling price using information available to us including our market assessment and expected cost plus margin.

 

The timetable for fulfilment of each of the distinct performance obligations can range from completion in a short amount of time and entirely within a single reporting period to completion over several reporting periods. The timing of revenue recognition for each performance obligation may be dependent upon several milestones, including physical delivery of equipment, completion of site acceptance test, and in the case of after-market consumables and service deliverables, the passage of time.

 

Foreign Currency

Foreign Currency

 

Our international operations are subject to certain opportunities and risks, including from foreign currency fluctuations and governmental actions. During fiscal year 2020, we conducted business in seven countries. We closely monitor our operations in each country in which we do business and seek to adopt appropriate strategies that are responsive to changing economic and political environments. We currently conduct business in the U.S. dollar and the Euro. Weaknesses in one currency in which we do business are often offset by strengths in the other currency. Revenues, costs, and expenses are translated at the applicable rate on the date of the transaction. Translation gains and losses, if any, are calculated on accounts receivable or accounts payable outstanding at the rate applicable the end of the period. We include gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions in income, while we exclude those resulting from translation of financial statements from income and include them as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss when applicable. Transaction gains and losses, which were included in our consolidated statement of operations, amounted to a loss of approximately $10 thousand and $0 thousand for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Warranty Provision

 

Warranty Provision

 

Astrotech offers its customers warranties on the products that it sells. These warranties typically provide for repairs and maintenance of the products if problems arise during a specified time period after original shipment. Concurrent with the sale of products, the Company records a provision for estimated warranty expenses with a corresponding increase in cost of goods sold. The Company periodically adjusts this provision based on historical experience and anticipated expenses. The Company charges actual expenses of repairs under warranty, including parts and labor, to this provision when incurred. The current obligation for warranty provision is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets,

whose activity for each of the two fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 is summarized in the following table: 

 

(In thousands)

 

Warranty Provision

 

Balance as of June 30, 2018

 

$

 

Warranty claims provided for

 

 

3

 

Settlements made

 

 

 

Balance as of June 30, 2019

 

 

3

 

Warranty claims provided for

 

 

22

 

Settlements made

 

 

(7

)

Balance as of June 30, 2020

 

$

18

 

Research and Development

Research and Development

 

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs are used to improve system functionality, streamline and simplify the user experience, and extend our capabilities into customer-defined, application-specific opportunities. Other research and development activities include building innovative solutions consisting of customized off-the-shelf hardware and internally-developed, reliable AI software and services. Furthermore, the Company aggressively seeks patent protection from the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office and foreign patent offices.

Net Loss per Common Share

 

Net Loss per Common Share

 

Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share as the potential dilutive shares are considered to be anti-dilutive. For more information, see Note 12.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are comprised primarily of operating cash accounts, money market investments, and certificates of deposits.

Accounts Receivable

 

Accounts Receivable

 

The carrying value of the Company’s accounts receivable, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, represents their estimated net realizable value. Astrotech estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts based on type of customer, age of outstanding receivable, historical collection trends, and existing economic conditions. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that a specific receivable balance may be unrealizable, further consideration is given to the collectability of those balances, and the allowance is adjusted accordingly. Receivable balances deemed uncollectible are written off against the allowance. The Company anticipates collecting all unreserved receivables within one year. As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, there was no allowance for doubtful accounts deemed necessary.

Inventory

 


Inventory

 

The Company computes inventory cost on a first-in, first-out basis, and inventory is valued at the lower-of-cost or net realizable value. The valuation of inventory also requires the Company to estimate obsolete and excess inventory as well as inventory that is not of saleable quality.

 

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and Equipment. net

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. All furniture, fixtures, and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which is generally five years. Purchased software is typically depreciated over three years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the improvement or the term of the lease. Repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

The Company continuously evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment to assess whether the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Our evaluation is based on an assessment of potential indicators of impairment, such as an adverse change in the business climate that could affect the value of an asset, current or forecasted operating or cash flow losses that demonstrate continuing losses associated with the use of an asset, and a current expectation that, more likely than not, an asset will be disposed of before the end of its previously estimated useful life. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Recoverability of long-lived assets is dependent on a number of conditions, including uncertainty about future events and demand for our services. There was no impairment of long-lived assets recognized during the years ended June 30, 2020 or 2019.

      

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

Astrotech’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities. Management believes the carrying amounts of these assets and liabilities approximates their fair value due to their liquidity. For more information about the Company’s accounting policies surrounding fair value investments, see Note 6.

Operating Leases

Operating Leases

 

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (ASU 2016-02) effective July 1, 2019. ASU 2016-02 requires that we determine, at the inception of an arrangement, whether the arrangement is or contains a lease, based on the unique facts and circumstances present. Operating lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based upon the present value of lease payments over the lease term. When determining the lease term, we include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain, at inception, that we will exercise that option. The interest rate implicit in lease contracts is typically not readily determinable; accordingly, we use our incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate that would be incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment, based upon the information available at the commencement date. The lease payments used to determine our operating lease assets may include lease incentives, stated rent increases and escalation clauses linked to rates of inflation, when determinable, and are recognized in determining our ROU assets. Our operating leases are reflected in the operating lease, right-of-use asset; lease liabilities, current; and lease liabilities, non-current in our consolidated balance sheets.

 

Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. As a result of our adoption of ASU 2016-02, we no longer recognize deferred rent on the consolidated balance sheet. Short-term leases, defined as leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less at the commencement date, are excluded from this treatment and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Variable lease payments are amounts owed by us to a lessor that are not fixed, such as reimbursement for common area maintenance costs for our facility lease; and are expensed when incurred.

 

Financing leases, formerly referred to as capitalized leases, are treated similarly to operating leases except that the asset subject to the lease is included in the appropriate fixed asset category, rather than recorded as a right-of-use asset, and depreciated over its estimated useful life, or lease term, if shorter. For more information, see Note 4.

 

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

 

The Company accounts for stock-based awards to employees based on the fair value of the award on the grant date. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the expected dividend yields of the Company’s stock, the expected volatility of the stock, the expected length of time the options remain outstanding, and the risk-free interest rates. Changes in one or more of these factors may significantly affect the estimated fair value of the stock options. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of awards that are likely to meet goals, if any, are recorded as an expense over the vesting period. For more information, see Note 10.

 

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method, whereby deferred tax asset or liability account balances are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and the tax bases of assets and liabilities using current tax laws and rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Treasury Stock

 

Treasury Stock

 

The Company records treasury stock at the cost to acquire it and includes treasury stock as a component of stockholders’ equity.

 

Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements

 

In February 2016, the “FASB issued ASU 2016-02: Leases (Topic 842) and ASU 2018-10: Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases (“ASU 2018-10”) which provide an additional (and optional) transition method whereby the new lease standard is applied at the adoption date and recognized as an adjustment to retained earnings. This ASU requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases. The asset will be based on the liability, subject to adjustment, such as for initial direct costs. For statement of operations purposes, leases are still required to be classified as either operating or financing. Operating leases will result in straight-line expense while financing leases will result in a front-loaded expense pattern.

 

On July 1, 2019, the Company adopted Topic 842 using the modified retrospective approach and the impact of the adoption of Topic 842 resulted in the recognition of a ROU asset and lease obligation on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets of approximately $1.6 million and an adjustment to accumulated deficit of $230 thousand. This application of the modified retrospective method will result in a balance sheet presentation that will not be comparable to the prior period in the first year of adoption. Results for reporting periods after July 1, 2019 are presented under Topic 842, while prior periods have not been adjusted. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard which, among other things, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classifications. Subsequent to the end of the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, the Company amended its lease for its 1st Detect facility, resulting in a reduction of the associated ROU asset and lease obligation of $414 thousand in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. See Note 4 Leases for more information.