2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which clarifies the accounting for implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements. This update becomes effective the first quarter of fiscal 2020, and earlier adoption is permitted. Intevac does not expect the adoption of this update to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. ASU 2018-02 allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for “stranded tax effects” resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform”). The guidance states that because the adjustment of deferred taxes due to the reduction of the historical corporate income tax rate to the newly enacted corporate income tax rate is required to be included in income from continuing operations, the tax effects of items within accumulated other comprehensive income (“stranded tax effects”) do not reflect the appropriate tax rate. As stated within the guidance, the amendments in this update should be applied retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Reform is recognized. This update becomes effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. At this time, the Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the provisions of ASU 2018-02 on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The new standard requires lessees to record assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement.

Intevac leases certain facilities under non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various times up to March 2024 and has options to renew most leases, with rentals to be negotiated. Certain of Intevac’s leases contain provisions for rental adjustments. Operating lease rentals are expensed on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease beginning on the date we take possession of the property. At lease inception, we determine the lease term by assuming the exercise of those renewal options that are reasonably assured. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. The lease term is used to determine whether a lease is financing or operating and is used to calculate straight-line rent expense. Additionally, the depreciable life of leasehold improvements is limited by the expected lease term.

We plan to adopt the standard as of December 30, 2018, the beginning of fiscal 2019. We will elect the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which, among other things, allows us to carry forward the historical lease classification. In addition, we are electing the hindsight practical expedient to determine the reasonably certain lease term for existing leases. We will make an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. We will recognize those lease payments in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We also plan to elect the practical expedient that will allow us to apply the new lease guidance at its effective date, December 30, 2018, without adjusting the comparative financial statements.

We are currently completing the assessment phase of the implementation project and are finalizing our review of the impact of adoption. We expect the adoption of these accounting changes will materially increase our assets and liabilities, but will not have a material impact on our results of operations, equity, or cash flows.

Adoption of New Accounting Standard

On December 31, 2017, we adopted the new accounting standard ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and all the related amendments (“new revenue standard”) to all contracts using the modified retrospective method. We recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of the accumulated deficit. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. We expect the impact of the adoption of the new standard to be immaterial to our net income on an ongoing basis.

In our TFE segment, a majority of our equipment sales revenue continues to be recognized when products are shipped from our manufacturing facilities. Revenue recognition for our equipment sales arrangements, which includes systems, technology upgrades, service and spare parts, remains materially consistent with our historical practice.

Under the new revenue standard, in our TFE segment, we recognize revenue for equipment sales at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery depending on the terms of the underlying contracts. Intevac recognizes revenue in certain circumstances before delivery has occurred (commonly referred to as bill and hold transactions). In such circumstances, among other things, risk of ownership has passed to the customer, the customer has made a written fixed commitment to purchase the finished goods, the customer has requested the finished goods be held for future delivery as scheduled and designated by them, and no additional performance obligations exist by Intevac. For these transactions, the finished goods are segregated from inventory and normal billing and credit terms granted. Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, under the new revenue standard we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. We generally determine standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers or by using expected cost plus margin. Under the new revenue standard, the expected costs associated with our base warranties continue to be recognized as expense when the equipment is sold.

Under the new revenue standard, in our Photonics segment, we recognize revenue for cost plus fixed fee (“CPFF”) and firm fixed priced (“FFP”) government contracts over time under the cost-to-cost method for the majority of our government contracts, which is consistent with our historical revenue recognition model. Revenue on the majority of our government contracts will continue to be recognized over time because of the continuous transfer of control to the customer. For U.S. government contracts, this continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by clauses in the contract that allow the customer to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay us for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit and take control of any work in process. Similarly, for non-U.S. government contracts, the customer typically controls the work in process as evidenced either by contractual termination clauses or by our rights to payment for work performed to date to deliver products or services that do not have an alternative use to the Company. Under the new standard, the cost-to-cost measure of progress continues to best depict the transfer of control of assets to the customer, which occurs as we incur costs.

The majority of our contracts in our Photonics segment have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, not distinct. Some of our contracts have multiple performance obligations, most commonly due to the contract covering multiple phases of the product lifecycle (development and production). For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which we forecast our expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service.

Under the new revenue standard, in our Photonics segment, we recognize revenue for homogenous manufactured military products sold to the U.S. government and its contractors over time under the units-of-delivery method because of the continuous transfer of control to the customer. Intevac believes that the units-of-delivery method is an appropriate measure for measuring progress for the manufactured units as an equal amount of value is individually transferred to the customer upon delivery. The Company previously recognized revenue for substantially all manufactured military products sold to the U.S. government and its contractors when the customers took delivery of the products, which was generally upon shipment.

The nature of our contracts in our Photonics segment gives rise to several types of variable consideration including tiered pricing. Allocation of contract revenues among Photonics military products, and the timing of the recognition of those revenues, is impacted by agreements with tiered pricing or variable rate structures. We include variable consideration in the estimated transaction price when there is a basis to reasonably estimate the amount of the consideration. These estimates are based on historical experience, anticipated performance and our best judgment at the time. Because of our certainty in estimating these amounts, they are included in the transaction price of our contracts and the associated remaining performance obligations.

Accounting for CPFF and FFP contracts and programs involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. For these contracts, we estimate the profit on a contract as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract and recognize that profit over the life of the contract. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events. These assumptions include the complexity of the work to be performed; the cost and availability of materials; the performance of subcontractors; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer.

As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts, we review and update our contract-related estimates regularly. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date on a contract is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize the total loss in the quarter it is identified.

We recorded a cumulative effect adjustment to the beginning balance of our consolidated December 31, 2017 balance sheet for the impact of the allocation and the timing of the recognition of revenues for an open Photonics military product agreement with a tiered pricing structure. This change will also result in increased revenue in subsequent periods from this agreement. The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated December 31, 2017 balance sheet for the adoption of the new revenue standard were as follows (in thousands):


	Balance at December 30, 2017			Adjustments Due to ASC 606			Balance at December 31, 2017
Other accrued liabilities	$	7,688		$	1,634		$	9,322

Accumulated deficit	$	(66,881	)	$	(1,634	)	$	(68,515	)

In accordance with the new revenue standard requirements, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on select condensed consolidated statement of operations line items was as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 29, 2018
	As Reported			Balances without ASC 606			Effect of Change		As Reported			Balances without ASC 606			Effect of Change
	(In thousands)
Systems and components revenues	$	17,140		$	17,033		$	107	$	55,947		$	55,611		$	336

Total net revenues	$	19,466		$	19,359		$	107	$	63,538		$	63,202		$	336

Gross profit	$	7,486		$	7,379		$	107	$	22,122		$	21,786		$	336

Income (loss) from operations	$	(1,093	)	$	(1,200	)	$	107	$	(6,149	)	$	(6,485	)	$	336

Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(907	)	$	(1,014	)	$	107	$	(5,685	)	$	(6,021	)	$	336

Net loss	$	(1,099	)	$	(1,206	)	$	107	$	(6,402	)	$	(6,738	)	$	336

In accordance with the new revenue standard requirements, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on select condensed consolidated balance sheet line items was as follows (in thousands):


	As of September 29, 2018
	As Reported			Balances without ASC 606			Effect of Change
Other accrued liabilities	$	10,995		$	9,697		$	1,298

Total current liabilities	$	32,839		$	31,541		$	1,298

Accumulated deficit	$	(74,917	)	$	(73,619	)	$	(1,298	)

Total stockholders’ equity	$	79,342		$	80,640		$	(1,298	)