20-F 1 u92750e20vf.htm P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA TBK. P.T. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk.
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 20-F
     
o
   REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
OR
 
þ
   ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
    For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005
 
o
   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
OR
 
o
   SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
    Date of event requiring this shell company report 
Commission file number 1-14406
 
Perusahaan Perseroan (Persero)
P.T. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Telecommunications Indonesia
(a state-owned public limited liability company)
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
 
Republic of Indonesia
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Jalan Japati, 1
Bandung 40133
Indonesia
(62) (22) 452-1510
(62) (21) 521-5109*
(Address of Registrant’s principal executive offices)
 
         Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.
     
Title of   Name of each exchange
Each class   on which registered
     
American Depositary Shares representing Series B Shares,
par value 250 Rupiah per share
   New York Stock Exchange
Series B Shares, par value 250 Rupiah per share
   New York Stock Exchange**
        Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act. None
        Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act. None
     Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
     
Series A Shares, par value 250 Rupiah per share
   1
Series B Shares, par value 250 Rupiah per share
   20,159,999,279
     Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes o        No þ
     If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.    Yes o        No þ
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes þ        No o
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerate filer, an accelerated filer, or an non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ        Accelerated filer o        Non-accelerated filer o
     Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the Registrant has elected to follow.    Item 17 o        Item 18 þ
     If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes o        No þ
 
*  Investor Relations Unit, Graha Citra Caraka, Jl. Gatot Subroto, No. 52, 5th Floor, Jakarta 12570.
**  The Series B Shares were registered in connection with the registration of the American Depositary Shares. The Series B Shares are not listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange.
 
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
             
        Page
         
 DEFINITIONS     1  
 FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS     7  
 CONVENTIONS     7  
 
 PART I
   IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS*     8  
   OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE*     8  
   KEY INFORMATION     8  
   INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY     25  
   OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS     78  
   DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES     140  
   MAJOR STOCKHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS     150  
   FINANCIAL INFORMATION     158  
   THE OFFER AND LISTING     160  
   ADDITIONAL INFORMATION     164  
   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK     179  
   DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES*     183  
 
 PART II
   DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES*     183  
   MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS*     183  
   CONTROL AND PROCEDURES     183  
   RESERVED     186  
   AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT     186  
   CODE OF ETHICS     186  
   PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES     186  
   EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES     187  
   PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS*     188  
 
 PART III
   CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS*     188  
   CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS     188  
   EXHIBITS     188  
 Ex-4.45 Supply Contract for The Procurement and Installation of Ring JASUKA Backbone between TELKOM and NEC-SIEMENS CONSORTIUM, dated June 10, 2005.
 Ex-4.46 Supply Contract for Capacity Expansion of Submarine Cable System Tanjung Pandan-Pontianak between TELKOM and NEC Corporation, dated July 2005.
 EX-12.1 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
 EX-12.2 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
 EX-13.1 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
 EX-13.2 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
 
*  Omitted because the item is not applicable.

i

Table of Contents

DEFINITIONS
“ADS” American Depositary Share, which is a certificate (known as an ADR) being traded on a U.S. securities market (such as New York Stock Exchange) representing a number of foreign shares. One ADS of TELKOM represents 40 of TELKOM’s Series B shares. The ratio of shares to ADS is 40:1.
 
“ADSL” (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) is a technology that allows combinations of services including voice, data and one way full motion video to be delivered over existing copper feeder distribution and subscriber lines.
 
“AMPS” (Advanced Mobile Phone System) is an analog mobile cellular system standard.
 
“ARPU” (Average Revenue Per User) serves as an evaluation statistic in connection with a network operator’s subscriber base. It is computed by dividing total revenues (including gross interconnection revenues) for a given period by the respective average number of subscribers for such period, except that for the mobile cellular service, revenues do not include connection fees, interconnection revenues, international roaming revenues from non-subscribers and dealer discounts.
 
“ASR” (Answer to Seizure Ratio). See “call completion rate”.
 
“ATM” (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is a transfer mode in which the information is organized into cells. It is asynchronous in the sense that the recurrence of cells containing information from an individual user is not necessarily periodic.
 
“B2B” (Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce) is a technology-enabled application environment to facilitate the exchange of business information and automate commercial transaction designed to automate and optimize interactions between business partners.
 
“backbone” refers to the main telecommunications network consisting of transmission and switching facilities connecting several network access nodes. The transmission links between nodes and switching facilities include microwave, submarine cable, satellite, optical fiber and other transmission technology.
 
“bandwidth” refers to the capacity of a communication link.
 
“BTS” (Base Transceiver Station) refers to equipment that transmits and receives radio telephony signals to and from other telecommunication systems.
 
“call completion rate” is the percentage of calls that are successfully completed, as measured by the number of calls successfully answered divided by the number of call attempts that are recognized by the caller’s local exchange, in the case of call completion rates for local calls and call attempts that are recognized by the trunk exchange, in the case of call completion rates for long-distance calls. Call completion rate is measured by the answer to seizure ratio, or “ASR”.

1

Table of Contents

“capacity utilization” refers to the ratio of lines in service to local exchange capacity or installed lines.
 
“CDMA” (Code Division Multiple Access) is a wide-band spread-spectrum network technology.
 
“DCS1800” (Digital Communication System) is a mobile cellular system using GSM technology operating in the 1800 MHz frequency band.
 
“DGPT” is the Director General of Post and Telecommunications.
 
“Directors’ Decree on Internal Control” is the decree of the Board of Directors, dated October 29, 2004, titled “Internal Control over Financial Reporting in Compliance with the Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002” on certain policies and procedures for effective internal controls and good corporate governance and early detection of errors, frauds and other misuses”.
 
“distribution point” is the point of interconnection between the dropwire and the secondary cable running to a cabinet and/or a local exchange.
 
“DLD” refers to domestic long-distance telecommunications services such as long-distance telephone calls and leased lines services.
 
“downlink” refers to the receiving portion of a satellite circuit extending from the satellite to the Earth.
 
“dropwire” is the wire connecting the subscriber’s premises to the distribution point.
 
“DTR” (Distributable TELKOM Revenues) is the monthly revenue share payable by each KSO Unit to TELKOM under the KSO Agreements, being a specified percentage of total KSO revenues in a KSO Unit after deduction of specified KSO operating expenses and MTR.
 
“dualband” refers to the capability of a mobile cellular network and mobile cellular handsets to operate across two frequency bands, for example GSM 900 and GSM 1800.
 
“duopoly system” is a system allowing only two national operators, which in Indonesia’s case are TELKOM and Indosat, to provide fixed line telecommunication services including domestic long-distance and international long-distance.
 
“earth station” is the antenna and associated equipment used to receive or transmit telecommunication signals via satellite.
 
“Erlang” refers to a unit of measurement of telephone traffic equal to one hour of conversation.
 
“existing installations” refer to telecommunications facilities, including telephone lines, network infrastructure and related assets in existence in each KSO Division as of the beginning of each KSO Period plus certain facilities and equipment constructed or installed by TELKOM in the KSO Units after such dates to be managed by a KSO Investor.

2

Table of Contents

“fixed cellular” refers to a form of fixed wireless technology which uses conventional cellular network configurations to link a subscriber at a fixed location to a local exchange.
 
“fixed line” refers to fixed wireline and fixed wireless.
 
“fixed wireless” refers to a local wireless transmission link using cellular, microwave or radio technology to link a subscriber at a fixed location to a local exchange.
 
“fixed wireline” refers to a fixed path (wire or cable) linking a subscriber at a fixed location to a local exchange, usually with an individual phone number.
 
“frame relay” is a packet-switching protocol (in which messages are divided into packets before they are sent) for connecting devices on a computer network that spans a relatively large geographical area.
 
“Government” refers to the Government of the Republic of Indonesia.
 
“GPRS” (General Packet Radio Service) is a data packet switching technology that allows information to be sent and received across a mobile network and only utilizes the network when there is data to be sent.
 
“GSM” (Global System for Mobile Telecommunication) is a European standard for digital cellular telephone.
 
“IDD” (International Direct Dialing) is a service that allows a subscriber to make an international call without the assistance or intervention of an operator from any telephone terminal.
 
“installed lines” refer to complete lines fully built-out to the distribution point and ready to be connected to subscribers.
 
“intelligent network” or “IN” is a service-independent telecommunications network where the logic functions are taken out of the switch and placed in computer nodes distributed throughout the network. This provides the means to develop and control services more efficiently allowing new or advanced telephony services to be introduced quickly.
 
“ISDN” (Integrated Services Digital Network) is a network that provides end-to-end digital connectivity and allows simultaneous transmission of voice, data and video and provides high-speed Internet connectivity.
 
“ITRB” refers to the Indonesian Telecommunications Regulatory Body.
 
“Kbps” (Kilobits per second) is a measure of speed for digital signal transmission expressed in thousands of bits per second.
 
“KSO” (Kerjasama Operasi) or Joint Operating Scheme, is a unique type of Build, Operate and Transfer arrangement with a consortium of partners in which the consortium invests and operates TELKOM facilities in regional divisions. The consortium partners are owned by international operators and private domestic companies, or in cases where TELKOM has acquired the consortium partner, by TELKOM.

3

Table of Contents

“KSO Agreements” refer to the agreements, as amended from time to time, governing the operation of the network in the relevant KSO region for the KSO Period.
 
“KSO Period” refers to period covered by the KSO Agreement.
 
“KSO Unit” refers to a regional division of TELKOM managed and operated — pursuant to the relevant KSO Agreement.
 
“leased line” is a dedicated telecommunications transmissions line linking one fixed point to another, rented from an operator for exclusive use.
 
“lines in service” refer to revenue-generating lines connected to subscribers, including payphones, but not including mobile cellular subscribers or lines used internally by TELKOM.
 
“local call” is the call among subscribers in the same numbering area without any prefix number being required.
 
“local exchange capacity” refers to the aggregate number of lines at a local exchange connected and available for connection to outside plant.
 
“MHz” (Megahertz) is a unit of measure of frequency. 1 MHz is equal to one million cycles per second.
 
“microwave transmission” is a transmission consisting of electromagnetic waves in the radio frequency spectrum above 890 million cycles per second and below 20 billion cycles per second.
 
“MoC” (Ministry of Communication). See “MoCI”.
 
“MoCI” refers to the Ministry of Communication and Information, to which telecommunications regulatory responsibility was transferred from the MoC in February 2005.
 
“Modern License” is an operational license, contemplated in the Telecommunication Law, which replaces the existing operational license for basic telecommunications services.
 
“MoF” refers to the Ministry of Finance.
 
“MTR” (Minimum TELKOM Revenues) is the specified minimum amount payable monthly by each KSO Unit to TELKOM under the KSO Agreements.
 
“NMT-450” (Nordic Mobile Telephone) is a form of analog mobile cellular service primarily installed in vehicles.
 
“optical fiber” refers to cables using optical fiber and laser technology whereby modulating light beams representing data are transmitted through thin filaments of glass.
 
“outside plant” is the equipment and facilities used to connect subscriber premises to the local exchange.
 
“PBH” or “Revenue-Sharing Arrangement” (Pola Bagi Hasil) is a type of Build, Operate and Transfer arrangement scheme between TELKOM and domestic private companies. Under this scheme the private company invests in the telecommunication facilities to be operated by TELKOM.

4

Table of Contents

“PPLT” refers to Penyediaan dan Pengembangan Layanan Telekomunikasi or Provision and Development of Telecommunications Services program established by TELKOM to provide telecommunication infrastructure to certain regions where telecommunication services are not available.
 
“PSDN” (Packet Switched Data Networks) is a network using a switch device and sending packets of data through the network to some remote location.
 
“PSTN” (Public Switched Telephone Network) is a telephone network operated and maintained by TELKOM and the KSO Units for and on behalf of TELKOM.
 
“RSA” refers to the Revenue Sharing Agreement.
 
“RUIM” or “RUIMcard” (Removable User Identity Module) is a “smart” card designed to be inserted into a fixed wireless telephone that uniquely identifies a CDMA network subscription and that contains subscriber-related data such as phone numbers, service details and memory for storing messages.
 
“satellite transponder” is the radio relay equipment embedded on a satellite that receives signals from earth and amplifies and transmits the signal back to earth.
 
“SIM” or “SIMcard” (Subscriber Identity Module) is a “smart” card designed to be inserted into a mobile cellular telephone that uniquely identifies a GSM network subscription and that contains subscriber-related data such as phone numbers, service details and memory for storing messages.
 
“SMS” Short Messaging Service, a technology allowing the exchange of text messages between mobile cellular phones and between fixed wireless phones.
 
“switch” is a mechanical, electrical or electronic device that opens or closes circuits, completes or breaks an electrical path, or selects paths or circuits, used to route traffic in a telecommunications network.
 
“trunk exchange” is a switch that has the function of connecting one telephony switch to another telephony switch, which can be either a local or trunk switch.
 
“USO” (Universal Service Obligation) is the service obligation imposed by the Government on all providers of telecommunications services for the purpose of providing public services in Indonesia.
 
“VoIP” (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a means of sending voice information using the Internet Protocol.
 
“VPN” (Virtual Private Network) is a secure private network connection, built on top of publicly-accessible infrastructure, such as the Internet or the public telephone network. VPNs typically employ some combination of encryption, digital certificates, strong user authentication and access control to provide secur-

5

Table of Contents

ity to the traffic they carry. They usually provide connectivity to many machines behind a gateway or firewall.
 
“VSAT” (Very Small Aperture Terminal) is a relatively small antenna, typically 1.5 to 3.0 meters in diameter, placed in the user’s premises and used for two-way communications by satellite.
 
“WAP” (Wireless Application Protocol) is an open and global standard of technology platform that enables mobile users to access and interact with mobile information services such as e-mail, Web sites, financial information, on-line banking, information and entertainment (infotainment), games and micro payments.
 
“WLL” (Wireless Local Loop) is a means of providing local loop (the physical connection from the subscriber’s premises to the carrier’s point of presence or POP) facility without wires, which allows carriers to provide local loop with approximately 1 Gbps or more in aggregate bandwidth per coverage area. WLL is particularly effective in rocky or soggy terrain.

6

Table of Contents

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
      This document contains certain forward looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, with respect to the financial condition, results of operations and business of Perusahaan Perseroan (Persero) P.T. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk. (“TELKOM” or the “Company”) and its subsidiaries and certain plans and objectives of the Company or the Company and its subsidiaries, wherever applicable, with respect to these items — in particular, among other statements, certain statements in Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” including, without limitation, those concerning the Company’s expectations and plans, strategy, management’s objectives, trends in market shares, market standing, overall market trends, risk management, exchange rates and revenues and general and administration expenses and forward looking statements concerning the Company’s operations, performance and financial condition. Such statements can be generally identified by the use of terms such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “plans,” or “anticipates,” and the negatives of such terms or comparable terms. By their nature, forward looking statements involve risk and uncertainty because they are related to events which depend on circumstances that will occur in the future. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward looking statements. Important information regarding risks and uncertainty is set forth elsewhere in this annual report, including in Item 3. “Key Information — D. Risk Factors,” Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements,” Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations” and Item 11. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk”.
CONVENTIONS
      In this Annual Report, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, all references to “Indonesia” are references to the Republic of Indonesia and all references to the “U.S.” and “United States” are references to the United States of America. All references to the “Government” herein are references to the government of the Republic of Indonesia. References herein to “Rupiah” and “Rp.” are to the lawful currency of Indonesia and all references to “US Dollars” or “US$” are to the lawful currency of the United States of America. For convenience, unless otherwise specified, certain Rupiah amounts have been translated into US Dollar amounts, based on the prevailing exchange rate of Rp.9,830 = US$1.00, being the middle market spot rate of exchange for Rupiah against US Dollar quoted by Reuters on December 31, 2005. Such translations should not be construed as representations that the Rupiah or US Dollar amounts referred to could have been, or could be, converted into Rupiah or US Dollars, as the case may be, at that or any other rate or at all. The average middle market spot rate of exchange for Rupiah against US Dollar quoted by Bank Indonesia on December 31, 2005 was Rp.9,830 to US$1.00. See Item 3. “Key Information — A. Selected financial data — Exchange Rate Information” for further information regarding rates of exchange between Rupiah and US Dollars.

7

Table of Contents

PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
      Not applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
      Not applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
A. Selected financial data
      TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements for the year 2001 were audited by KAP Hans Tuanakotta Mustofa & Halim (formerly KAP Hans Tuanakotta & Mustofa), the member firm of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu in Indonesia (“Deloitte”). TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements for the year 2002 have been audited by KAP Haryanto Sahari & Rekan (formerly KAP Drs. Hadi Sutanto & Rekan), the member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers in Indonesia (“PwC”). TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements for the years 2003, 2004 and 2005 have been audited by KAP Siddharta Siddharta & Widjaja, the member firm of KPMG International in Indonesia (“KPMG”). KPMG is a Swiss cooperative of which all firms are members. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Changes in Methods of Accounting under Indonesian GAAP”. All such consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with Indonesian GAAP, which differs in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Summary of Significant Differences between Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP” and Note 54 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, which provide a description of the significant differences between Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP and a reconciliation to the amount of U.S. GAAP net income and stockholders’ equity of TELKOM for and as of the end of each of the periods indicated in the consolidated financial statements.
      For the year 2005, 9 companies were consolidated into TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements, namely: PT AriaWest International (“AriaWest”, 100% owned by TELKOM), PT Multimedia Nusantara (“Metra”, 100%), PT Graha Sarana Duta (“GSD”, 100%), PT Pramindo Ikat Nusantara (“Pramindo”, 100%), PT Indonusa Telemedia (“Indonusa”, 96%), PT Dayamitra Telekomunikasi (“Dayamitra”, 100%), PT Telekomunikasi Selular (“Telkomsel”, 65%), PT Napsindo Primatel Internasional (“Napsindo”, 60%) and PT Infomedia Nusantara (“Infomedia”, 51%). In addition to those companies, for the years 2003 and 2004, TELKOM consolidated the financial statements of PT Pro Infokom Indonesia (“PII”, 51% owned by TELKOM). In 2004, TELKOM increased its ownership interest in Dayamitra from 90% to 100%. In 2005, TELKOM increased its ownership interest in Indonusa from 90% to 96%. See Item 4, “Information on the Company — C. Business and Organizational Structure — Information on Subsidiaries and Associated Companies” and Note 1c to TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements.

8

Table of Contents

      The following tables set forth a summary of the financial information of TELKOM as of and for the years specified. This information should be read in conjunction with Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and is qualified in its entirety by reference to TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
                                                         
    Year Ended December 31,
     
        2004    
    2001   2002   2003   (As Restated)(6)   2005   2005
                         
        (US$
    (Rp. in billion, except for data relating to shares, dividends and ADS)   million,
        except for
        data relating
        to shares,
        dividends
        and ADS)(1)
Consolidated Income Statement Data
                                                
Indonesian GAAP
                                                
OPERATING REVENUES
                                                
 
Telephone
                                                
   
Fixed lines
                                                
     
Local and domestic long-distance usage
     5,226       5,448       6,562       7,439       7,223       735  
     
Monthly subscription charges
     998       1,475       1,949       2,935       3,290       335  
     
Installation charges
     98       130       223       201       197       20  
     
Others
     93       211       163       70       71       7  
                                     
       
Total fixed lines revenues
     6,415       7,264       8,897       10,645       10,781       1,097  
                                     
   
Cellular
                                                
     
Air time charges
     3,988       5,454       7,678       9,826       13,666       1,390  
     
Monthly subscription charges
     581       593       581       448       384       39  
     
Features
     10       8       6       91       457       46  
     
Connection fee charges
     129       172       194       56       64       7  
                                     
       
Total cellular revenues
     4,708       6,227       8,459       10,421       14,571       1,482  
                                     
   
Total telephone revenues
     11,123       13,491       17,356       21,066       25,352       2,579  
                                     
 
Joint Operation Schemes
                                                
   
Minimum TELKOM Revenues (MTR)
     1,474       1,320       900       296       269       27  
   
Share in Distributable KSO Revenues (DKSOR)
     733       801       583       350       319       33  
   
Amortization of unearned initial investor payments
     13       7       3       11       1       0  
                                     
       
Total revenue under Joint Operation Schemes
     2,220       2,128       1,486       657       589       60  
 
Interconnection
     1,424       2,831       4,162       6,188       7,742       788  
 
Network
     415       316       518       654       587       59  
 
Data and Internet
     673       1,552       3,109       4,809       6,934       705  
 
Revenue-Sharing Arrangements
     264       264       258       281       302       31  
 
Other telecommunications services
     165       221       227       293       301       31  
                                     
   
Total Operating Revenues
     16,284       20,803       27,116       33,948       41,807       4,253  
                                     

9

Table of Contents

                                                   
    Year Ended December 31,
     
        2004    
    2001   2002   2003   (As Restated)(6)   2005   2005
                         
        (US$
    (Rp. in billion, except for data relating to shares, dividends and ADS)   million,
        except for
        data relating
        to shares,
        dividends
        and ADS)(1)
OPERATING EXPENSES
                                                
 
Personnel
     2,281       4,388       4,440       4,910       6,563       668  
 
Depreciation
     2,870       3,474       4,779       6,438       7,571       770  
 
Operations, maintenance and telecommunication services
     2,150       2,290       3,339       4,530       5,916       602  
 
General and administrative
     1,343       1,146       2,079       2,600       2,764       281  
 
Marketing
     220       375       503       882       1,126       114  
 
Write-down of assets
     —       —       —       —       617       63  
 
Loss on procurement commitments
     —       —       —       —       79       8  
                                     
Total Operating Expenses
     8,864       11,673       15,140       19,360       24,636       2,506  
                                     
Operating Income
     7,420       9,130       11,976       14,588       17,171       1,747  
                                     
Other income (expenses)
                                                
 
Gain on sale of long-term investment in Telkomsel
     —       3,196       —       —       —       —  
 
Interest expense
     (1,330 )     (1,583 )     (1,383 )     (1,270 )     (1,177 )     (120 )
 
Interest income
     572       480       366       318       345       35  
 
Gain (loss) on foreign exchange — net
     (379 )     557       126       (1,221 )     (517 )     (53 )
 
Equity in net income (loss) of associated companies
     (86 )     5       3       3       11       1  
 
Others — net
     353       (36 )     364       331       409       42  
                                     
Other Income (Expenses) — net
     (870 )     2,619       (524 )     (1,839 )     (929 )     (95 )
                                     
Income Before Tax
     6,550       11,749       11,452       12,749       16,242       1,652  
Tax expense
     (2,007 )     (2,899 )     (3,861 )     (4,178 )     (5,184 )     (527 )
                                     
Income before minority interest in net income of subsidiaries
     4,543       8,850       7,591       8,571       11,058       1,125  
Minority interest in net income of subsidiaries, net
     (475 )     (810 )     (1,504 )     (1,956 )     (3,064 )     (312 )
                                     
Net Income
     4,068       8,040       6,087       6,615       7,994       813  
                                     
Weighted average shares outstanding (millions)
     20,160       20,160       20,160       20,160       20,160          
 
Net income per share
     201.81       398.80       301.95       328.10       396.51       0.04  
 
Net income per ADS
     8,072.20       15,951.80       12,077.83       13,124.14       15,860.25       1.61  
 
Dividends declared per share(2)
     44.08       105.41       165.58       158.09       144.90       0.01  
U.S. GAAP(3)
                                                
 
Net income
     4,298       8,587       5,791       6,468       7,840       798  
 
Net income per share
     213.20       425.96       287.23       320.86       388.89       0.04  
 
Net income per ADS
     8,528.17       17,038.21       11,489.40       12,834.47       15,555.74       1.58  

10

Table of Contents

                                                   
    As of December 31,
     
        2004    
    2001   2002   2003   (As Restated)(6)   2005   2005
                         
            (US$ million)(1)
    (Rp. in billion)        
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
                                                
Indonesian GAAP
                                                
 
Total assets
     33,036       44,307       50,283       56,179       62,171       6,325  
 
Current liabilities(4)
     9,543       9,708       11,170       11,677       13,513       1,375  
 
Other liabilities
     3,447       5,383       6,258       8,222       7,728       786  
 
Long-term debts
     9,730       12,006       11,834       13,214       11,332       1,153  
 
Total liabilities
     22,720       27,097       29,262       33,113       32,573       3,314  
 
Minority interest
     1,235       2,596       3,708       4,938       6,305       641  
 
Capital stock(5)
     5,040       5,040       5,040       5,040       5,040       513  
 
Total stockholders’ equity
     9,081       14,614       17,313       18,128       23,292       2,370  
U.S. GAAP(3)
                                                
 
Total assets
     32,449       44,623       51,347       56,702       63,481       6,440  
 
Total stockholders’ equity
     7,766       13,911       16,285       19,571       24,568       2,499  
 
(1)  The translations of Rupiah amounts into US Dollars are included solely for the convenience of the readers and have been made using the average of the market buy and sell rates of Rp.9,830 to US$1 published by Reuters on December 31, 2005. The convenience translations should not be construed as representations that the Rupiah amounts have been, could have been, or can in the future be, converted into US Dollars at this or any other rate of exchange.
(2)  Dividends declared per share in 2001, 2002 and 2003 represent dividends per share after adjusting for the stock split that was effected in 2004. Dividends declared per share in 2004 comprised cash dividends for 2003 of Rp.150.98 per share and interim cash dividends declared in December 2004 of Rp.7.11 per share. Dividends declared per share in 2005 represent cash dividends for 2004 of Rp.152.01 per share deducted by interim cash dividends declared in 2004 of Rp.7.11 per share.
(3)  U.S. GAAP amounts reflect adjustments resulting from differences in the accounting treatment of termination benefits, foreign exchange differences capitalized to property under construction, interest capitalized on property under construction, revenue-sharing arrangements, employee benefit plans, equity in net income or loss of associated companies, land rights, revenue recognition, goodwill, capital leases, acquisition of Dayamitra, reversal of difference due to change of equity in associated companies, asset retirement obligations, and deferred income taxes. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Summary of Significant Differences between Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP” and Note 54 to the consolidated financial statements.
(4)  Includes current maturities of long-term debts.
(5)  As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, Issued and Paid-Up Capital Stock consists of one Series A Dwiwarna share having a par value of Rp.250 and 20,159,999,279 Series B shares having a par value of Rp.250 from an authorized capital stock comprising one Series A Dwiwarna share and 79,999,999,999 Series B shares.
(6)  The 2004 consolidated financial statements have been restated to reflect the adoption of PSAK No. 24 (Revised 2004), “Employee Benefits” (“PSAK 24R”). See Note 4a to the consolidated financial statements. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Changes in Methods of Accounting under Indonesian GAAP”.

11

Table of Contents

Exchange Rate Information
      The following table shows the exchange rate of Rupiah to US Dollar based on the middle exchange rates at the end of each month for the periods indicated. The Rupiah middle exchange rate is calculated based on Bank Indonesia buying and selling rates. No representations are made that the Rupiah or US Dollar amounts referred to herein could have been or could be converted into US Dollar or Rupiah, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all.
                                   
Year   At period end   Average(1)   High(2)   Low(2)
                 
    (Rp. Per US$1.00)
2001
     10,400       10,266       11,675       8,865  
 
First Quarter
     10,400       9,895       10,400       9,450  
 
Second Quarter
     11,440       11,391       11,440       11,058  
 
Third Quarter
     9,675       9,355       9,675       10,350  
 
Fourth Quarter
     10,400       10,422       10,435       10,400  
2002
     8,940       9,316       10,473       8,460  
 
First Quarter
     9,655       10,192       10,473       9,542  
 
Second Quarter
     8,730       9,109       9,775       8,460  
 
Third Quarter
     9,015       8,949       9,218       8,695  
 
Fourth Quarter
     8,940       9,058       9,326       8,815  
2003
     8,465       8,573       9,120       8,165  
 
First Quarter
     8,919       8,907       9,120       8,836  
 
Second Quarter
     8,285       8,488       8,906       8,165  
 
Third Quarter
     8,389       8,427       8,665       8,166  
 
Fourth Quarter
     8,465       8,471       8,583       8,365  
2004
     9,290       8,935       9,430       8,323  
 
First Quarter
     8,587       8,465       8,465       8,323  
 
Second Quarter
     9,415       8,992       9,430       8,574  
 
Third Quarter
     9,170       9,151       9,389       8,825  
 
Fourth Quarter
     9,290       9,126       9,355       8,960  
2005
     9,830       9,711       10,800       9,133  
 
First Quarter
     9,480       9,276       9,520       9,133  
 
Second Quarter
     9,713       9,548       9,755       9,435  
 
Third Quarter
     10,310       10,006       10,800       9,735  
 
Fourth Quarter
     9,830       9,992       10,300       9,735  
2006
                                
 
January
     9,395       9,493       9,795       9,355  
 
February
     9,230       9,253       9,335       9,200  
 
March
     9,075       9,172       9,370       9,030  
 
April
     8,775       8,937       9,045       8,775  
 
May
     9,220       8,985       9,320       8,720  
 
(1)  The average of the middle exchange rate announced by Bank Indonesia applicable for the period.
(2)  The high and low amounts are determined based upon the daily middle exchange rate announced by Bank Indonesia during the applicable period.
Source: Bank Indonesia
     The exchange rates used for translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are the buy and sell rates published by Reuters in 2003, 2004 and 2005. The Reuters buy and sell rates, applied respectively to monetary assets and liabilities, were Rp.8,430 and Rp.8,450 to US$1 as

12

Table of Contents

of December 31, 2003, Rp.9,280 and Rp.9,300 to US$1 as of December 31, 2004 and Rp.9,825 and Rp.9,835 to US$1 as of December 31, 2005. The Company does not guarantee that assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies can be converted into Indonesian Rupiah at the rates of exchange as of December 31, 2005.
      The consolidated financial statements are stated in Rupiah. The translations of Rupiah amounts into US Dollars are included solely for the convenience of the readers and have been made using the average of the market buy and sell rates of Rp.9,830 to US$1 published by Reuters on December 31, 2005. The convenience translations should not be construed as representations that the Rupiah amounts have been, could have been, or can in the future be, converted into US Dollars at this or any other rate of exchange.
B.     Capitalization and Indebtedness
      Not applicable.
C.     Reason for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
      Not applicable.
D.     Risk Factors
TELKOM had a number of material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and TELKOM concluded that as of December 31, 2005 its disclosure controls were not effective, which could cause investors to lose confidence in its reported financial results and have an adverse effect on the trading price of its securities.
      Reportable conditions (as defined under standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants) relating to TELKOM’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) were identified and communicated by KPMG in connection with its audits of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005. As part of its communications, KPMG informed the Audit Committee that it had identified “reportable conditions” each of which constituted a “material weakness” (as each such term is defined under standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants) in TELKOM’s internal control over financial reporting. TELKOM’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that because of the “material weaknesses” identified, TELKOM’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2003, 2004, and 2005 were not effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that TELKOM files and submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required, and is accumulated and communicated to TELKOM’s management, including TELKOM’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. See Item 15. “Control and Procedures”.
      Since November 2003, TELKOM has been working to improve its internal control over financial reporting, including those needed to enable it to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as its disclosure controls and procedures, and has taken a number of steps to address these issues. See Item 15. “Control and Procedures”. TELKOM cannot provide any assurance that the steps that it has taken and is continuing to take will result in all material weaknesses being eliminated. TELKOM expects that its internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures will continue to evolve in the future. Any control system, regardless of how well designed, operated and evaluated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could adversely affect TELKOM’s ability to report financial results on a timely and accurate basis or cause TELKOM to fail to meet its reporting obligations. Inadequate internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures could also cause investors to lose

13

Table of Contents

confidence in TELKOM’s reported financial information, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of TELKOM’s securities.
Risks Relating to Indonesia
Current political and social events in Indonesia may adversely impact business activity in Indonesia.
      Since 1998, Indonesia has experienced a process of democratic change, resulting in political and social events that have highlighted the unpredictable nature of Indonesia’s changing political landscape. These events have resulted in political instability, as well as general social and civil unrest on a number of occasions in the past few years. For example, in June 2001, demonstrations and strikes affected at least 19 cities after the Government mandated a 30% increase in fuel prices. Similar demonstrations occurred in January 2003, when the Government again tried to increase fuel prices, as well as electricity and telephone charges. In both instances, the Government was forced to drop or substantially reduce such proposed increases. In October 2005 following substantial increases in the market price of crude oil, the Government raised fuel prices by approximately 80%, which also led to numerous demonstrations and strikes.
      Actions by separatist movements and clashes between religious and ethnic groups have also resulted in social and civil unrest in parts of Indonesia. In the province of Papua (formerly Irian Jaya), there have been numerous clashes between supporters of separatist movements and the Indonesian military. In the provinces of Maluku and Central Sulawesi (Poso), clashes between religious groups have resulted in thousands of casualties and displaced persons in recent years. The Government has attempted to resolve problems in these troubled regions with limited success.
      Political and related social developments in Indonesia have been unpredictable in the past and there can be no assurance that social and civil disturbances will not occur in the future and on a wider scale, or that any such disturbances will not, directly or indirectly, have a material adverse effect on us or on an investment in the ADSs or Common Stock. Further, these social and civil disturbances could continue to have a material adverse effect on investment and confidence in and the performance of the Indonesian economy and in turn our business.
Terrorist activities in Indonesia could destabilize Indonesia, which could adversely affect TELKOM’s business.
      Bombings have occurred in recent years, at government buildings, foreign diplomatic facilities, night clubs and other locations, including the Jakarta Stock Exchange building, the Police Function Building in Jakarta, the departure lounge of Jakarta’s Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, the parliament building in Jakarta and a shopping mall in Jakarta. A bombing campaign struck religious buildings throughout Indonesia in 2000. On October 12, 2002, over 200 people were killed in a bombing at a tourist area in Bali. This terrorist attack resulted in a significant decline in international tourism. On August 5, 2003 a bomb exploded at the J.W. Marriott Hotel in Jakarta killing at least 12 people and injuring more than 150 people. On September 9, 2004, a bomb exploded outside the Australian Embassy in Jakarta’s central business district, killing at least nine people and injuring over 180 people. On May 28, 2005, two bombs exploded in a crowded market in Tentena in central Indonesia, killing at least 20 people and injuring at least 40. In October 2005, multiple bombs exploded in two locations in Bali, killing 22 people and injuring at least 50. Indonesian and United States government officials have indicated that some of these bombings may be the responsibility of Jemaah Islamiya, a Southeast Asian-based terrorist network allegedly linked to the international terrorist organization, Al-Qaeda. In May 2005, the United States also closed its embassy in Indonesia for a few days following an unspecified threat.
      There can be no assurance that further terrorist acts will not occur in the future. A number of governments have from time to time issued warnings to their citizens in relation to a perceived increase in the possibility of terrorist activities in Indonesia, targeting foreign, particularly United States,

14

Table of Contents

interests. Such acts could destabilize Indonesia and increase internal divisions within the Government as it considers responses to such instability and unrest. Violent acts arising from and leading to instability and unrest have in the past had, and could continue to have, a material adverse effect on investment and confidence in, and the performance of, the Indonesian economy and our business.
Declines or volatility in Indonesia’s currency exchange rates can have a material adverse impact on business activity in Indonesia.
      The Government’s exchange rate policies and any future changes in the value of the Rupiah against the US Dollar or other currencies could adversely affect TELKOM’s financial condition and results of operations. On August 14, 1997, Bank Indonesia permitted the exchange rate for the Rupiah to float without announcing a level at which it would intervene. From August 1997 to mid-1998, the month-end value of the Rupiah relative to the US Dollar declined from approximately Rp.2,600 per US Dollar to as low as approximately Rp.15,000 per US Dollar. There can be no assurance that: (a) the Rupiah will not be subject to continued depreciation or volatility; (b) the current exchange rate policy will remain the same; (c) the Government will act when necessary to stabilize, maintain or increase the value of the Rupiah, or that any such action, if taken, will be successful.
      Continued depreciation or volatility of the Rupiah against the US Dollar or other currencies could adversely affect general economic conditions in Indonesia. Rupiah depreciation would also drive up the Rupiah cost of TELKOM’s capital expenditure program since most of the equipment to be used in the expansion of TELKOM’s network capacity is sourced off-shore and priced in foreign currencies, mainly in US Dollars and Euros, while almost all of TELKOM’s revenues are in Rupiah. Changes in the current exchange rate policy may result in significantly higher domestic interest rates, liquidity shortages, capital or exchange controls or the withholding of additional financial assistance by multilateral institutions. The foregoing consequences, if they occur, could have a material adverse effect on TELKOM’s business. As of December 31, 2005, the average exchange rate of Rupiah to US Dollar, based on the Reuters middle buy and sell rates, was Rp.9,830 per US Dollar.
      Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Rupiah and the US Dollar could adversely affect, among other things, the Rupiah cost of Telkom’s network equipment purchases, the dollar value of any amounts a holder or beneficial owner of ADSs will receive in the event we issue dividends, the US Dollar value of the proceeds a holder or beneficial owner would receive upon the sale in Indonesia of shares of the Common Stock and the secondary market price of the ADSs.
Indonesia ended its Extended Financing Facility with the International Monetary Fund and the consequences thereof are unpredictable.
      In December 2003, the Government ended its Extended Financing Facility (“EFF”) program with the International Monetary Fund (“IMF”) and began to drawdown on its gross foreign reserves, as well as on its outstanding balances at the IMF. Considering the Government’s current fiscal deficit and modest foreign exchange reserves, the end of the EFF has raised concerns about the ability of the Government to fund subsidies for staples such as food and fuel, which, in turn, could have extremely serious political and social consequences. The end of the EFF also brings with it the end of the Government’s ability to reschedule Indonesia’s Paris Club bilateral foreign loans. Other consequences of ending the EFF are not known at this stage. While the Government has sought to address these concerns by issuing a White Paper setting forth its fiscal strategy and policy objectives for 2004, there can be no assurance that the Government’s strategy will be successful or that its objectives will be met in full or in part.
Indonesia no longer has access to the Paris Club but continues to rely on loans from the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank.
      Since the financial crisis of 1997, the members of the Paris Club have been an important source of funding for the Government. The Paris Club is an informal voluntary group of 19 creditor countries

15

Table of Contents

that coordinates solutions for payment difficulties experienced by debtor nations. The last debt rescheduling took place in April 2002 when the Paris Club rescheduled approximately US$5.4 billion of principal and interest due from the Government between April 2002 and December 2003. This was done by extending the period within which the amounts could be repaid.
      In addition to the Paris Club, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank have been major sources of financing. Disbursements from these sources have been slower than expected in recent years due to the slow pace of institutional reforms in Indonesia and concerns regarding the Government’s decentralization plan. As of the date of this Annual Report, regional governments in Indonesia are not allowed to borrow in foreign currency and any change to Indonesian law allowing them to borrow in foreign currency could be a source of potential debt service problems. The World Bank and Asian Development Bank lending programs are subject to regular compliance reviews and can be reduced or withdrawn at any time. The impact of any elimination of lending cannot be assessed but is likely to be materially adverse.
Indonesia’s high level of sovereign debts may result in it being unable to service its debt obligations when they become due.
      Indonesia’s high level of sovereign debts has forced it to negotiate with its major creditors several times since the 1997 financial crisis. For example, the Government held a round of talks with the Paris Club donor countries and the IMF in April 2002 to discuss the rescheduling of Indonesia’s debt due in 2002. In these talks, the Government sought to restructure not just debt principal, but interest payments as well, totaling US$2.6 billion. The meeting resulted in the rescheduling of debt principal payments only, but no assurance can be given as to Indonesia’s capacity to meet these rescheduled debt payments. While no further rescheduling has taken place, future decisions to renegotiate Indonesia’s existing sovereign indebtedness cannot be ruled out. Such decisions may affect Indonesia’s sovereign credit rating and could have a material adverse impact on investor confidence in Indonesia.
Indonesia’s sovereign debt rating continues to be reviewed and revised by international rating agencies.
      Beginning in 1997, certain recognized statistical rating organizations, including Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and Standard & Poor’s Rating Services (“S&P”), downgraded Indonesia’s sovereign rating and the credit ratings of various credit instruments of the Government and a large number of Indonesian banks and other companies. “The Government’s long-term foreign currency debt was rated B1 by Moody’s as of May 19, 2006, rated BB- by Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) as of March 3, 2006, and rated B+ by S&P as of February 9, 2006.” These ratings reflect an assessment of the Government’s overall ability to pay its obligations and its willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due. No assurance can be given that Moody’s, S&P, Fitch or any other international credit rating agency will not downgrade the credit ratings of Indonesia or Indonesian companies. Any such downgrade would have an adverse impact on liquidity in the Indonesian financial markets and the ability of Indonesian companies, including TELKOM, to raise additional financing and the interest rates at which such additional financing is available.
Indonesia is vulnerable to natural disasters and other events beyond TELKOM’s control, which could severely disrupt the normal operation of TELKOM’s business and adversely affect TELKOM’s operating results.
      TELKOM’s existing operations are primarily in Indonesia, parts of which are vulnerable to natural disasters. Disruption of operations for any reason, including earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, volcanic eruptions, droughts, power outages or other events beyond TELKOM’s control, could cause disruptions to operations and damage to equipment which would adversely affect TELKOM’s financial condition and results of operations.

16

Table of Contents

      In 2002, a major flood in Jakarta affected TELKOM’s operations in Jakarta, where a significant portion of its revenues are derived. In December 2004, northern parts of the Indonesian island of Sumatra, and particularly the province of Aceh, suffered severe damage following a massive earthquake estimated to be of magnitude 9.3 on the Richter scale and a series of tsunami waves on December 26, 2004. The tsunami and the earthquake caused approximately Rp.54.9 billion (US$5.6 million) of damages to TELKOM’s assets and equipment in the Aceh province, including 22 out of 44 switching facilities and transmission facilities and disrupted over 35,000 telephone lines out of approximately 99,000 lines.
      On March 28, 2005, a major earthquake estimated to be of magnitude 8.7 on the Richter scale struck off the western coast of Sumatra. Scientists and seismic experts believe that rather than relieving stresses along the Sunda fault, located to the south of Sumatra, the seismic stresses along the Sunda fault continue unabated or have increased, and warned of the possibility of further earthquakes and tsunamis. The increased seismic activity has also coincided with volcanoes in Sumatra and Java, some of which have started to spew ashes and lava in the first quarter of 2006. Most recently, Mount Merapi in Central Java began erupting in May 2006, and experts believe a large eruption is imminent.
      While TELKOM maintains several insurance policies relating to TELKOM’s assets which covered the losses resulting from tsunami damage, it does not maintain business interruption insurance, and there can be no assurance that the insurance coverage will be sufficient to protect TELKOM from potential losses resulting from natural disasters and other events beyond its control. In addition, there can be no assurance that the premium payable for these insurance policies upon renewal will not increase substantially, which may adversely affect TELKOM’s financial condition and results of operations.
Risks relating to TELKOM and its subsidiaries
TELKOM’s expansion plans may strain key resources and thereby adversely affect its business, financial condition and prospects.
      To remain competitive and position TELKOM in gaining market share, TELKOM has identified its primary business objective as becoming a full service and network provider. To achieve this objective, TELKOM has determined that it should increase its focus on multimedia and other types of services in addition to its present core business concentration on local, domestic long-distance and mobile cellular services. The implementation of measures designed to achieve these objectives could strain TELKOM’s managerial, financial and other resources, which could adversely affect TELKOM’s business, financial condition and prospects.
TELKOM’s controlling stockholder’s interests may differ from those of TELKOM’s other stockholders.
      The Government has an aggregate interest of approximately 51.19% of the issued and outstanding shares of TELKOM and has control of TELKOM and the ability to determine the outcome of substantially all actions requiring the approval of TELKOM shareholders. The Government is also the holder of the Dwiwarna share of TELKOM, which has special voting rights and veto rights over certain matters, including the election and removal of the Directors and Commissioners of TELKOM. Through the Ministry of Communication and Information (“MoCI”), the Government also exercises regulatory power over the Indonesian telecommunications industry. There might be situations where the objectives of the Government, as TELKOM’s regulator and its controlling shareholder, conflict with TELKOM’s business goals. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Government will not direct opportunities to other telecommunications service providers in which it holds an interest.
Certain systems failures could, if they occur, adversely affect TELKOM’s results of operations.
      TELKOM’s telecommunications services are carried through its fixed line, cellular and data networks. All types of networks use last mile access, regional metro junction and long haul transmis-

17

Table of Contents

sion networks as a common network resource. For last mile access, TELKOM operates Copper Access Network, Optical Access Network and Wireless Access Network. The regional metro junction and long haul transmission network operated by TELKOM consists of optical fiber cable, microwave, submarine cable and satellite transmission links.
      Any failure of this integrated network, TELKOM’s servers, or any link in the transmission chain that results in an interruption in TELKOM’s operations or the provision of any service, whether from operational disruption, natural disaster or otherwise, could damage TELKOM’s ability to attract and retain subscribers and adversely affect its results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
Regulators and other telecommunications operators may challenge TELKOM’s ability to apply PSTN tariffs to its new CDMA-based fixed wireless phone service, which is marketed under the brand name TELKOMFlexi.
      In December 2002, TELKOM introduced new CDMA-based fixed wireless phone service, which is marketed under the brand name TELKOMFlexi for both fixed and portable handsets. As of December 31, 2005, this service was offered in 231 cities. CDMA-based fixed wireless technology enables rapid development of telephone networks and reduces the capital expenditures per line by obviating the need for the installation of underground cables. TELKOMFlexi offers customers the ability to use a wireless handset with limited mobility (within the same area code). Customers generally have all features offered by cellular services except roaming to other area codes and internationally. Postpaid TELKOMFlexi customers are charged tariffs that are similar to PSTN tariff rates for this service while prepaid customers are charged tariffs slightly higher than postpaid rates but with no monthly fees. In each case, both TELKOMFlexi postpaid and prepaid tariffs are substantially lower than tariffs for cellular services. Telecommunications regulators, cellular operators and cellular trade associations have sought and may in the future seek to impose limitations on TELKOM’s ability to provide fixed wireless services at PSTN rates. If any such limitations are imposed, TELKOM could lose part or all of the benefit of its investment in the network that supports the TELKOMFlexi service. TELKOM may also be subject to disputes with its regulators or competitors.
TELKOM may need to raise funds required for certain future expenditure requirements and the terms of any debt financing may subject TELKOM to restrictive covenants.
      TELKOM may need to raise significant additional funds in order to support its growth, undertake acquisitions, meet unexpected contingencies and develop new or enhanced services and products. It may also need to respond to competitive pressures, acquire complementary businesses or technologies or take advantage of opportunities. TELKOM cannot be certain that such additional funding, if needed, will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. Furthermore, any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants, which may limit TELKOM’s operating flexibility with respect to certain business matters. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, TELKOM may be unable to develop or enhance its services. It may also be unable to take advantage of future opportunities or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on TELKOM’s business, results of operations and financial condition.
TELKOM’s ability to develop adequate financing arrangements is critical to support its capital expenditures.
      The telecommunications industry is capital intensive in nature. In order to satisfy customer demand and provide service and technology that is comparable to and compatible with, other telecommunications service providers, TELKOM must continue to expand and modernize its network, which involves substantial capital investment. TELKOM relies heavily on its internal funds, two-step loans obtained through the Government and third-party financing, including vendor financing to support the development of its fixed line network. If TELKOM does not have sufficient internal funds or is unable to obtain adequate vendor or other third-party financing for its planned capital expenditures or otherwise fund such expenditures through other financing arrangements, TELKOM

18

Table of Contents

may have to forego, delay or postpone certain of its planned capital expenditures. This may prevent TELKOM from being able to expand sufficiently and upgrade its network, which could adversely affect its revenues and growth.
Employee unions may negatively affect TELKOM’s business.
      Laws permitting the formation of labor unions, combined with weak economic conditions, have resulted and may continue to result, in labor unrest and activism in Indonesia. On February 25, 2003, the Indonesian Parliament passed a new employment law, Law No. 13 of 2003 (the “Employment Law”), which took effect on March 25, 2003. The Employment Law provides more protection for the employee, such as requiring a ruling from the Industrial Relations Court for termination of an employee in certain situations, and covers the increment of severance amount, service and compensation payment payable to terminated employees as well as to allow employees to unionize without intervention from employers. The Employment Law and new implementation regulations that may be issued thereunder may substantially affect labor relations in Indonesia. In May 2000, TELKOM employees formed a union named “Serikat Karyawan TELKOM” or “SEKAR”. Membership with SEKAR is not compulsory. TELKOM believes that its relations with SEKAR are good. However, there can be no assurance that the activities of employee unions will not materially and adversely affect TELKOM’s business, financial condition and prospects.
New technologies may adversely affect TELKOM’s ability to remain competitive.
      The telecommunications industry is characterized by rapid and significant changes in technology. TELKOM may face increasing competition from technologies being developed or that may be developed in the future. New technologies, services or standards could require significant changes to its business model, the development of new products or the provision of additional services. In addition, TELKOM may need to substantially upgrade to a next generation network to implement convergent technologies and upgrade its billing and credit control systems to accommodate growth in its business and the adoption of new technologies and services. New products and services may be expensive to develop and may result in the introduction of additional competitors into the marketplace. TELKOM cannot accurately predict how emerging and future technological changes will affect its operations or the competitiveness of its services. Similarly, TELKOM cannot provide any assurances that the technologies it adopts will not soon thereafter become obsolete or subject to intense competition from new technologies in the future. If TELKOM is unable to keep pace with rapid technological changes, its business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
TELKOM operates in a legal and regulatory environment that is undergoing significant reforms and such reforms may adversely affect TELKOM’s business.
      There are a number of uncertainties in the current regulatory environment for the Indonesian telecommunications industry. In particular, the Telecommunications Law No. 36 of 1999 (“Telecommunications Law”) provides key guidelines for industry reforms, including industry liberalization, facilitation of new entrants and changes to the industry’s competition structure. The Telecommunications Law only outlines the framework and substantive principles for the liberalization of the telecommunications industry. TELKOM considers that there is uncertainty in the Indonesian regulatory environment with regard to, among other things:
  •  Interconnection: TELKOM, including its subsidiaries such as Telkomsel, is obligated to allow other operators to interconnect their networks with those of TELKOM subject to entering into interconnection agreements with those other operators. As of the date of this Annual Report, TELKOM’s ability to negotiate such interconnection agreements is limited by the provisions set forth in various ministerial decrees governing interconnection rates. On February 8, 2006, the MoCI issued Regulation No. 8/2006, which mandates a new cost-based interconnection tariff scheme for all telecommunications network and services operators. Under the new scheme, the operator of the network on which calls terminate would determine the interconnection charge to

19

Table of Contents

  be received by it based on a formula to be mandated by the Government, which would be intended to have the effect of requiring that operators charge for calls based on the costs of carrying such calls. Such calculated interconnection charges must be presented in a Reference Interconnection Offer (“RIO”) and reported to the ITRB. TELKOM submitted its RIO in April 2006. ITRB is expected to complete its review of RIOs submitted by large network operators, including TELKOM, by July 2006. The new interconnection tariff scheme will become effective on January 1, 2007. For further information on the interconnection scheme, see Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Regulations — Interconnection”. TELKOM can give no assurance regarding the impact, if any, of such adjustment on the interconnection revenues and costs on TELKOM and there can be no assurance that such impact would not have a material adverse effect on TELKOM’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
 
  •  Licenses: TELKOM’s separate licenses to provide fixed line services, DLD services and IDD services were replaced and combined into a single license issued on May 13, 2004. TELKOM also has a multimedia license that includes services such as Internet service provider, data communication and VoIP. The Government, with due regard to prevailing laws and regulations, may amend the terms of TELKOM’s licenses and business authority at its discretion. It may also impose certain mandatory obligations on the license holders. See Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Regulations — Modern License”. Any breach of the terms and conditions of its licenses or business authority or failure to comply with applicable regulations may result in such licenses or business authority being revoked. Any revocation or unfavorable amendment of the licenses or business authority, or any failure to renew them on comparable terms, could have a materially adverse effect on TELKOM’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
 
  •  Tariffs: In 1995, the Government implemented regulations providing a formula to establish the tariff adjustment for domestic fixed line telecommunications services. However, such annual tariff review adjustment has not been applied on a consistent basis. In addition, amendments to the current price cap policy allow operators to calculate yearly tariff adjustments beginning January 1, 2002, based on a formula to be stipulated by the Government. On January 29, 2002, the Government issued a letter to TELKOM stipulating a 45.49% increase in domestic fixed line telephone tariffs to be implemented over three years. For the year 2002 a tariff increase, with a weighted average of 15% increase, was implemented. In January 2003, the Government postponed the second tariff increase due to numerous public protests. However, on March 30, 2004, the Government, as recommended by the ITRB, announced that it would allow operators to adjust their tariffs, with the resulting weighted average of tariffs increasing by 9%. There can be no assurance that the Government will implement further tariff increases or that tariffs will keep pace with costs over time. Any failure of the Government to implement regular tariff increases could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
  •  Migration of Frequencies for 3G Service Providers: On August 31, 2005, the MoCI issued a press release which announced that in order to conform with the international standards of the industry and as recommended by the International Telecommunications Union — Radiocommunication Sector (“ITU-R”), the 1900 MHz frequency spectrum would only be used for the International Mobile Telecommunications- 2000 (“IMT-2000” or “3-G”) network. The MoCI also announced that the CDMA-based technology network which TELKOM uses for its fixed wireless services can only operate in the 800 MHz frequency spectrum. At present, TELKOM utilizes the 1900 MHz frequency spectrum for its fixed wireless network in Jakarta and West Java areas while for other areas, TELKOM utilizes the 800 MHz frequency spectrum. As a result of the Government’s decision, TELKOM’s Base Station System (“BSS”) equipment in Jakarta and West Java areas which are part of transmission installation and equipment for fixed wireless network can no longer be used commencing at the end of 2007. We expect that the BSS equipment will be

20

Table of Contents

  completely replaced with the BSS equipment operating in 800 MHz by mid-2007. On January 13, 2006, the MoCI issued MoCI Regulation No. 01/PER/M.KOMINFO/1/2006 which reaffirmed the Government’s decision that TELKOM’s fixed wireless network can only operate in the 800 MHz frequency spectrum and that the 1900 MHz is allocated for the 3-G network. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Overview — Write-down of Assets, Depreciation Expense, Loss on Procurement Commitments, and Operations, Maintenance and Telecommunication Services Expenses”. There can be no assurance that TELKOM will not recognize further loss as a result of such Government decisions.
 
  •  Termination of Wireless Local Loop (“WLL”) License: In the first quarter of 2005, the Government, in its efforts to rearrange the frequency spectra utilized by the telecommunications industry, issued a series of regulations which resulted in TELKOM not being able to utilize certain frequency spectra it currently uses to support its fixed wireline cable network commencing at the end of 2006. As a result of these regulations, certain of TELKOM’s cable network facilities within the fixed wireline segment, which comprise primarily of WLL and approach link equipment (a transmission equipment to link BTSs to a local exchange) operating in the affected frequency spectra, can no longer be used commencing at the end of 2006. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Overview — Write-down of Assets, Depreciation Expense, Loss on Procurement Commitments, and Operations, Maintenance and Telecommunication Services Expenses”. There can be no assurance that TELKOM will not recognize further loss as a result of such Government decisions.
 
  •  Indonesian Telecommunications Regulatory Body (“ITRB”): The Telecommunications Law allows the Government to delegate its authority to regulate, supervise and control the telecommunications sector in Indonesia to an independent regulatory body, while maintaining the authority to formulate policies over the industry. Such delegation of authority to the ITRB was implemented under the MoC Decree No. 31/2003, dated July 11, 2003. The ITRB comprises officials from the Directorate General of Post and Telecommunication and the Committee of Telecommunications Regulations. There can be no assurance that the ITRB will not take actions that may be detrimental to TELKOM’s business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.
 
  •  Competition in the Fixed Line Domestic Telecommunications Market: Historically, TELKOM had the exclusive right to provide fixed line domestic telecommunications services in Indonesia. Pursuant to regulations introduced to implement the Telecommunications Law, the Government terminated TELKOM’s monopoly in providing fixed line domestic telecommunications services. The MoC issued Indosat a license to provide local telephone services from August 2002. On May 13, 2004, Indosat received its commercial license to provide domestic long-distance telephone services. Indosat launched its CDMA fixed wireless access service under the brand name “StarOne” in Surabaya on May 29, 2004 and in Jakarta on July 25, 2004, thereby creating a “duopoly system” in Indonesia’s fixed line domestic telecommunications market. As of December 31, 2005, Indosat offered this service in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, Banten, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Malang, Sidoarjo, Gresik, Batu, Madura (Bangkalan, Sampang, Sumenep), Pasuruan, and Medan. Based on the interconnection agreement between TELKOM and Indosat dated September 23, 2005, TELKOM and Indosat have agreed to open interconnection (i) of TELKOM’s local fixed line network with Indosat’s long-distance fixed line network; (ii) of Indosat’s local fixed line network with TELKOM’s long-distance fixed line network; (iii) between TELKOM’s and Indosat’s long-distance fixed line networks; (iv) of TELKOM’s domestic fixed line network with Indosat’s international fixed line network; and (v) Indosat’s local fixed line network with TELKOM’s international fixed line network, with the interconnection tariff being calculated on a call-by-call basis. On December 1, 2005, TELKOM and Indosat entered into an interconnection agreement for the interconnection of TELKOM’s fixed network with Indosat’s mobile cellular network and allowing Indosat’s mobile customers to access TELKOM’s IDD services. Therefore, Indosat is expected to expand its service coverage to other cities in Indonesia. Indosat also commenced offering limited domestic long-distance services for

21

Table of Contents

  calls within its network in late 2004. This greater competition in the fixed line market, including fixed wireless, could lead to a decline in TELKOM’s existing subscriber base as subscribers choose to receive services from other providers. TELKOM’s interconnection arrangements will be affected by the new cost-based interconnection scheme which was publicly announced in February 2006. An amendment to the interconnection agreement with Indosat reflecting the new cost-based interconnection scheme is expected to be effective by the end of 2006.
 
  •  DLD and IDD Services: On March 11, 2004, the MoC issued Decree No. 28/2004, Decree No. 29/2004 and Decree No. 30/2004 that further implement the Government’s policy of encouraging competition in the markets for DLD and IDD services. Based on Decree No. 28/2004, TELKOM, which currently uses “0” as the access code for its DLD service, was required by March 1, 2005 to cease using the “0” access code and to implement a three digit access code in the form of “01X” for access to its DLD service. However, TELKOM has not within the given deadline implemented, and does not expect in the near future to implement, a three digit access code, as extensive installation or upgrade of equipment will be required. TELKOM expects to incur significant costs in connection with the new requirement to establish three digit DLD access codes, including expenditures required to install or upgrade new switching facilities, create a new routing database, costs relating to customer education and other marketing costs. In response to the MoC Decree No. 28/2004, in June 2004, TELKOM submitted a letter to the ITRB highlighting the technical difficulties in implementing the three digit DLD access codes within the given deadline and the substantial costs involved, and requesting that TELKOM be allowed to continue using the “0” prefix for its DLD access prefix and that it be given an additional five-year period to implement the three digit DLD access codes. On April 1, 2005, the MoCI, to which telecommunications regulatory responsibility was transferred, announced that it would make available to Indosat the “011” DLD access in five major cities that were technically ready for interconnection, including Jakarta, and progressively extend it to all other area codes within five years. TELKOM has also been assigned “017” as its DLD access code. However, the interconnection agreement between Indosat and TELKOM in these five cities does not contain any provisions on technical and business arrangements regarding the use of “011” and “017” DLD access codes. In the five-year interim period and thereafter, the “0” prefix may continue to be used by all operators, including TELKOM, as default code for each operator’s customers to access the DLD service selected by the respective operator. Competition in the market for DLD services could lead to a decline in TELKOM’s DLD revenues as subscribers choose to receive DLD services from other providers, such as Indosat. With regard to IDD services, on May 13, 2004 TELKOM received its commercial license from the Government to provide IDD services and began offering such services to customers on June 7, 2004. Nevertheless, competition among IDD service providers may limit TELKOM’s ability to generate significant IDD revenues. On May 17, 2005, the MoCI issued decree No. 6/2005. According to Decree No. 6/2005, the three digit access code in the form of “01X” and “0” access code for access to DLD services may be used. The “0” access code is being used to accommodate customers who prefer not to choose their long-distance carrier, while the “01X” access code has to be implemented gradually in local areas in which TELKOM has technical capabilities to support such services. By April 1, 2010, the “01X” long-distance services must be commenced in all TELKOM’s local areas to accommodate customers who prefer to choose their long-distance carrier. For further information, see Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Indonesian Telecommunications Industry — Regulations — DLD and IDD Services.”
 
  •  Compensation Risk: The Telecommunications Law provides that TELKOM and Indosat will be compensated for the early termination of their exclusive rights. TELKOM previously had exclusive rights to provide fixed local and domestic long-distance services in Indonesia. TELKOM’s exclusive right to provide fixed local telecommunications services was terminated by the Government in August 2002 and TELKOM’s exclusive right to provide domestic long-distance services was terminated on March 30, 2004. The Government has determined the scheme of compensation for the termination of TELKOM’s exclusive rights, which will consist of

22

Table of Contents

  (i) expedited issuance of an IDD license to TELKOM, which was issued on May 13, 2004; (ii) approval of the reissuance and transfer of TELKOM’s DCS 1800 license to Telkomsel, which took place on July 12, 2002; and (iii) a net cash payment to TELKOM of Rp.478 billion (after taxes). While the amount of the compensation payable to TELKOM has been determined, payment was contingent on appropriations to the State Budget for the MoCI, which requires approval by Parliament. On December 15, 2005, TELKOM signed an agreement on Implementation of Compensation for Termination of Exclusive Rights with the Directorate General of Post and Telecommunications of MoCI. Pursuant to this agreement, the Government agreed to pay Rp.478.0 billion to TELKOM over a five-year period. Under the plan, the Government paid Rp.90.0 billion in 2005 and shall pay Rp.90.0 billion in 2006 and then the remaining Rp.298.0 billion thereafter in installments or in lump-sum, which payment schedule will depend upon the Government’s budgetary considerations. In addition, TELKOM is required by the Government to use funds received thereunder for development of Indonesian telecommunications infrastructure. TELKOM can provide no assurance that the Government will honor its promise to pay the balance within the next five years.
 
  •  Identity Registration: For prepaid subscribers, there is a new obligation regulated under the MoCI Decree No. 23/2005, issued on October 28, 2005. Pursuant to this Decree, TELKOM is required to obtain identity information for all of its prepaid customers on or prior to April 28, 2006. Such an obligation may slow down revenue growth in 2006 compared to 2005 and have an adverse impact on TELKOM’s profit as TELKOM will have to incur additional expenditures on support systems and dealers’ compensation. It may also present difficulties for TELKOM in retaining existing customers and expose TELKOM customers’ identities to illegal use or government investigations. This identity registration requirement, however, will affect other competitors as well.

      There can be no assurance that the amendment or interpretation or implementation of current laws and regulations, or the introduction of additional laws or regulations, will not adversely affect TELKOM’s business, financial condition and prospects.
TELKOM’s increasingly important cellular operations face significant constraints and competitive pressures.
      TELKOM provides cellular telecommunications services primarily through its subsidiary Telkomsel (GSM 900 Mhz and 1800 Mhz). Telkomsel has experienced rapid growth in its subscriber-base in recent years and its revenue has become an increasingly large component of TELKOM’s consolidated revenue. Telkomsel’s future growth depends upon its ability to manage capacity and spectrum constraints. Telkomsel has experienced such constraints in the past and has therefore deployed significant resources to eliminate such constraints. Although Telkomsel is not currently experiencing such difficulties, there is no guarantee that Telkomsel would not face such constraints in the future, which may result in network congestion, reduced service quality and an inability to increase and retain its subscriber base.
      The Indonesian cellular telecommunications market is highly competitive. Currently, Telkomsel competes primarily with Indosat and PT Excelcomindo Pratama (“Excelcomindo”) in attracting and retaining subscribers for its mobile cellular telecommunications services. There are also several other new competitors, including new CDMA cellular operators. Competition between Telkomsel and all of these operators is based on various factors such as pricing, network quality and coverage, range of services offered and customer service. While TELKOM believes Telkomsel has been successful in maintaining its market share to date, there can be no assurance that Telkomsel will be successful in competing in the cellular market in the future.

23

Table of Contents

TELKOM’s satellites have a limited life and substantial risk exists for TELKOM-1 and TELKOM-2 to be damaged or interrupted during operation and satellite loss or reduced performance may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and ability to provide certain services.
      TELKOM’s TELKOM-1 and TELKOM-2 satellites have limited operational lifespans. A number of factors affect the operational livespans of satellites, including the quality of their construction, the durability of their component parts, the amount of fuel on board, the launch vehicle used and the manner in which the satellite is monitored and operated. The satellites could fail before the end of their useful lives and repairing these satellites while in orbit is not feasible. For further information on the insurance coverage for TELKOM-1 and TELKOM-2 satellites, see Item 4. “Information of the Company — B. Business Overview — Insurance”. While TELKOM has provided insurance for its satellites, there can be no assurance that such insurance will offer adequate coverage. The loss of its satellites may have a material adverse effect on TELKOM’s financial condition, results of operations and ability to provide certain services, particularly in the eastern parts of Indonesia which currently relies largely on satellite coverage for telecommunication services.
TELKOM is subject to Indonesian accounting and corporate disclosure standards that differ in significant respects from those applicable in other countries.
      There may be less publicly-available information about Indonesian public companies, including TELKOM, than is regularly disclosed by public companies in countries with more mature securities markets. TELKOM’s audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indonesian GAAP, which varies in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Summary of Significant Differences between Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP” and Note 54 to TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements.
Certain TELKOM employees, including present and former TELKOM directors, are subject to on-going police investigations.
      There are on-going investigations by the West Java Police Department as to the conduct of TELKOM’s Director of Human Resources Development, TELKOM’s Director of Consumer, and several other TELKOM employees (including one former TELKOM director and one former President Director of Napsindo). As the details of the investigations have not been made public, TELKOM does not know the full nature or extent of the investigations or the matters to which they relate, or whether any charges are likely to be filed. Based on press reports, TELKOM understands that the investigations relate principally to an alleged violation of anti-corruption law regarding (i) the retention by TELKOM of a consultant and an alleged overpayment without compliance with proper procedures; and (ii) the alleged provision of interconnection services to Napsindo, TELKOM’s subsidiary, and Globalcom, a Malaysian company, at an incorrect tariff, and alleged use by Napsindo/Globalcom of TELKOM’s network for the provision of illegal VoIP services. It is also understood that one of the investigations relates to TELKOM’s guarantee of a bank loan obtained by Napsindo. To TELKOM’s knowledge, no charges have been filed against any of the persons investigated by the West Java Police Department, although several of them (but not our Director of Consumer) were held in custody in West Java pending completion of the investigations. On May 10, 2006, those individuals were released from police custody because the police were unable to find any incriminating evidence to support the alleged charges during the 120-day period they were held. 120 days is the maximum period allowed for police custody of suspects for investigation purposes. However, the investigation is ongoing.
      There can be no assurance that the police will not find evidence of wrong-doing, that charges will not be filed in relation to the foregoing or that such persons or other TELKOM employees will not be found guilty of any offence. Although TELKOM believes that the investigations are without merit, to the extent any of such persons are in custody, or are found guilty of any offence, TELKOM is and

24

Table of Contents

would be deprived of their services. In addition, TELKOM does not believe that there are any financial ramifications for TELKOM as a result of the investigations.
TELKOM is incorporated in Indonesia and it may not be possible for investors to effect service of process or to enforce judgments obtained in the United States against TELKOM.
      TELKOM is a limited liability company incorporated in Indonesia, operating within the framework of Indonesian laws relating to public companies and all of TELKOM’s significant assets are physically located in Indonesia. In addition, the majority of TELKOM’s Commissioners and Directors reside in Indonesia and a substantial portion of the assets of such persons is located outside the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for investors to effect service of process, including judgments, on TELKOM or such persons within the United States, or to enforce against TELKOM or such persons in the United States judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws or the securities laws of any state within the United States, or upon other bases.
      TELKOM has been advised by its Indonesian legal advisor that judgments of United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws, are not enforceable in Indonesian courts, although such judgments could be admissible as non-conclusive evidence in a proceeding on the underlying claim in an Indonesian court. There is doubt as to whether Indonesian courts will enter judgments in original actions brought in Indonesian courts predicated solely upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws. As a result, holders of ADSs or Common Stock would be required to pursue claims against TELKOM or its Commissioners and Directors in an Indonesian court.
Forward-looking statements reflect current expectations and may not be correct.
      This document contains various forward-looking statements, including statements regarding our expectations and projections for future operating performance and business prospects. The words “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “project” and similar words identify forward-looking statements. In addition, all statements other than statements of historical facts included herein are forward-looking statements. These statements reflect TELKOM’s current expectations. Although TELKOM believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, TELKOM can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. They are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including changes in the economic, social and political environments in Indonesia. In light of the many risks and uncertainties surrounding Indonesia, investors in the ADSs or the common shares should bear in mind that TELKOM cannot guarantee that the forward-looking statements described herein will transpire. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to TELKOM or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by reference to these risks.
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. History and Development of the Company
      TELKOM, a majority state-owned company, is the principal provider of fixed line services in Indonesia. TELKOM’s majority-owned subsidiary Telkomsel is also the largest Indonesian mobile cellular operator, as measured by subscribers and revenues. The Company also provides a wide range of other telecommunications services including interconnection, network, data and Internet services and other telecommunications services. Pursuant to its Articles of Association, TELKOM was established for an unlimited period of time. The Company’s purposes and objectives are to operate telecommunications networks and provide telecommunications and information services.
      In 1884, the Dutch colonial government established a private company to provide postal services and domestic telegraph services and, subsequently, international telegraph services. Telephone services were first made available in Indonesia in 1882 and, until 1906, were provided by privately-owned

25

Table of Contents

companies pursuant to a 25-year government license. In 1906, the Dutch colonial government formed a government agency to assume control of all postal and telecommunications services in Indonesia. In 1961, most of these services were transferred to a newly-established state-owned company to provide postal and telecommunications services in Indonesia, apart from services in Sumatera, which were transferred in the 1970’s. The Government separated postal and telecommunications services in 1965 into two state-owned companies, PN Pos and Giro and PN Telekomunikasi. In 1974, PN Telekomunikasi was further divided into two state-owned companies, Perusahaan Umum Telekomunikasi (“Perumtel”) to provide domestic and international telecommunications services and PT Industri Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk (“PT INTI”), to provide telecommunications equipment manufacturing. In 1980, the international telecommunications business was transferred to Indosat.
      In 1991, Perumtel was transformed into a “Persero”, or state-owned limited liability corporation with commercial purposes and renamed Perusahaan Perseroan (Persero) P.T. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, known as TELKOM. Prior to 1995, TELKOM’s business operations were segregated into twelve regional operating units, known as “Witels,” which were centrally controlled from TELKOM’s headquarters in Bandung, West Java. Each Witel had a management structure responsible for all aspects of TELKOM’s business in their respective regions, from the provision of telephone services to property management and security.
      During 1995, TELKOM restructured its operations by converting all twelve Witels into seven regional divisions (Division I Sumatera; Division II Jakarta and the surrounding areas; Division III West Java; Division IV Central Java; Division V East Java; Division VI Kalimantan; and Division VII Eastern part of Indonesia) and one Network Division. The Company also entered into KSO Agreements pursuant to which it transferred the right to operate five of its seven regional divisions (regional divisions I, III, IV, VI and VII) to private sector consortia, each of which involved one or more prominent international telecommunications operators. The KSO Agreements provided for the relevant KSO partner to manage and operate the regional division for a fixed term, undertake the construction of a specified number of fixed lines and, at the end of the fixed term, transfer the existing and new telecommunications facilities in the region to TELKOM for an agreed amount of compensation. The KSO Agreements also provided for TELKOM and the KSO partner to share revenues generated during the term of the agreement.
      On November 14, 1995, the Government sold TELKOM shares through an initial public offering. TELKOM shares are listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange and the Surabaya Stock Exchange and its shares, in the form of ADSs, are listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange. Its shares were also publicly offered without listing on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. TELKOM is currently one of the largest companies by market capitalization in Indonesia, with a market capitalization of approximately Rp.118,943 billion as of December 31, 2005 and of approximately Rp.143,136 billion as of May 24, 2006. The Government currently has an aggregate interest of approximately 51.2% of the issued and outstanding shares of TELKOM. The Government also holds the Dwiwarna share of TELKOM, which has special voting and veto rights over certain matters.
      Based on the resolution of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Stockholders on December 21, 2005, the Stockholders authorized a plan to repurchase up to a maximum of 5% of TELKOM’s 20,159,999,279 total issued and outstanding Series B shares for a total repurchase amount not exceeding Rp.5,250,000 million. Pursuant to the share repurchase plan, as of June 2, 2006, TELKOM has cumulatively repurchased an aggregate of 8,373,500 Series B shares on either the Jakarta Stock Exchange or the New York Stock Exchange, representing less than 0.05% of the total issued and outstanding Series B shares of 20,159,999,279 for a total repurchase amount of Rp.61.4 billion (US$6.2 million). These transactions are in compliance with the limitations set forth in the resolution. For further information on the share repurchase, see Item 7. “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — A. Major Stockholders”.
      Following the Indonesian economic crisis that began in mid-1997, certain KSO partners experienced difficulties in fulfilling their obligations to TELKOM, which led to certain disputes. As a result,

26

Table of Contents

TELKOM has in recent years acquired or entered into agreements to acquire control of its KSO partners in regions I, III and VI, and amended the terms of the KSO agreement with its KSO partner in region IV to obtain legal right to control financial and operating decisions of Regional Division IV. For a more complete description of the acquisition of control of its KSO partners in regions I, III and VI, acquisition of control of region IV, and TELKOM’s KSO arrangements, see Item 10. “Additional Information — C. Material Contracts” and Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Joint Operation Scheme”.
      In 1999, the Government passed Telecommunications Law No. 36 which became effective in September 2000. The Telecommunications Law provides key guidelines for industry reforms, including industry liberalization, facilitation of new entrants and enhanced competition. Under the prior telecommunications law, TELKOM and PT Indonesian Satellite Corporation (“Indosat”) maintained joint ownership in most telecommunications companies in Indonesia. The Government reforms called for the progressive elimination of these joint shareholdings to promote competition. As a result, in 2001, TELKOM acquired Indosat’s 35% interest in Telkomsel, resulting in TELKOM owning 77.72% of the shares of Telkomsel and Indosat acquired TELKOM’s 22.5% interest in Satelindo and 37.7% interest in Lintasarta. In 2002, TELKOM sold 12.72% of Telkomsel to Singapore Telecom Mobile Pte Ltd (“SingTel Mobile”), resulting in TELKOM’s ownership being reduced to 65% of the shares of Telkomsel.
      Pursuant to the Telecommunications Law, the Government as of August 1, 2001 terminated the exclusive rights of TELKOM to provide fixed line services in Indonesia and Indosat to provide international direct dial services. TELKOM’s exclusive right to provide domestic local service was terminated in August 2002 and TELKOM’s exclusive right to provide domestic long-distance service was likewise terminated in August 2003. On May 13, 2004, TELKOM received its commercial license to provide IDD fixed line services and began offering such services on June 7, 2004. The MoC issued Indosat a license to provide local telephone services from August 2002. On May 13, 2004, Indosat received its commercial license to provide domestic long-distance telephone services. Indosat launched its CDMA fixed wireless access service under the brand name “StarOne” in Surabaya on May 29, 2004 and in Jakarta on July 25, 2004, thereby creating a “duopoly system” in Indonesia’s fixed line domestic telecommunications market. As of the date of this Annual Report, Indosat is able to provide nationwide DLD services through its CDMA-based fixed wireless network and its interconnection arrangements with TELKOM.
      For a description of the important events in the development of the Company’s business since the beginning of the Company’s last three financial years to the date of this Annual Report, see Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Overview”. A description of the Company’s principal capital expenditures and divestitures, since the beginning of the Company’s last three financial years to the date of this Annual Report is set forth in Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — B. Liquidity and Capital Resources”. Information concerning the principal capital expenditures and divestitures currently in progress is also described in Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — B. Liquidity and Capital Resources”. The Company is domiciled in the Republic of Indonesia. It is incorporated in and under the legislation of the Republic of Indonesia. The address of the Company’s registered office is No. 1, Jalan Japati, Bandung, 40133, Indonesia and the telephone number of the Company’s registered office is (62) (22) 452-1510.
B. Business Overview
General
      TELKOM is the main provider of fixed line telecommunications services in Indonesia and is the majority owner of Telkomsel, which is the largest Indonesian mobile cellular operator, as measured by subscribers and revenue. The Company also provides a wide range of other telecommunications

27

Table of Contents

services including interconnection, network, data and Internet services and other telecommunications services. TELKOM reports revenues in the following categories:
  •  Fixed lines (which consists of fixed wireline and fixed wireless);
 
  •  Cellular;
 
  •  Joint Operation Schemes (KSO);
 
  •  Interconnection;
 
  •  Network;
 
  •  Data and Internet;
 
  •  Revenue-Sharing Arrangements; and
 
  •  Other Services (including revenues from telephone directory services and building management services).
      For segment reporting purposes, TELKOM has four segments: (i) fixed wireline, (ii) fixed wireless, (iii) cellular and (iv) other. See Note 46 to the consolidated financial statements. The fixed wireline segment provides local, domestic long-distance and international (starting 2004) telephone services, and other telecommunications services (including, among others, leased lines, telex, transponder, satellite and Very Small Aperture Terminal-VSAT) as well as ancillary services. The fixed wireless segment provides local and domestic long-distance CDMA-based telephone services, as well as other telecommunication services using limited-mobility wireless handsets within a local area code. The cellular segment provides basic telecommunication services, particularly mobile cellular telecommunication services. Operating segments that do not individually represent more than 10% of the Company’s revenues are presented as “Other” comprising the telephone directories and building management businesses.
      For 2005, no single customer, other than interconnection customers, accounted for more than 1% of TELKOM’s total operating revenues and TELKOM’s top 100 customers, other than interconnection customers, together accounted for no more than 2% of its total operating revenues. For the purpose of calculating operating revenues, TELKOM treats each state-owned enterprise owned by the Government as a single customer.
      TELKOM’s business does not experience significant seasonality.
Fixed Line Services
      Fixed line services are comprised mainly of local and domestic long-distance services. TELKOM is the principal provider of fixed line services in Indonesia. In 2005, TELKOM provided fixed line services in Divisions I, II, III, IV, V and VI. In 2005, revenues from fixed line services in these divisions contributed Rp.10,781.3 billion (US$1,096.8 million), or 25.8% of total operating revenues. Beginning January 20, 2004, when TELKOM acquired control of operations of Regional Division IV, TELKOM began providing fixed line services in Division IV.
Fixed Wireline Services
      Fixed wireline subscribers pay one-time installation charges, ongoing monthly subscription charges and usage charges for local, domestic long-distance and international services. Usage charges are generally uniform nationwide and are based on call distance, call duration and the time of day at which calls are made. In addition, subscribers are provided with a number of value-added features, such as voicemail and information services and billing and directory assistance, which are billed on a monthly basis.
      TELKOM began offering IDD services, under the brand name “Telkom International Call 007”, or “TIC 007,” on June 7, 2004. TELKOM reports its IDD revenues under international interconnection

28

Table of Contents

revenues as this service requires interconnection between TELKOM and network operators in other countries. See “— Interconnection Services” below. Through its VoIP service, which is known as “TelkomGlobal 017”, TELKOM already provides international call services based on VoIP technology. TELKOM records its revenues from the VoIP service under “Data and Internet Services” as this service uses IP and data-based infrastructure. See “— Data and Internet Services” below.
Fixed Wireless Services
      In December 2002, TELKOM began offering a limited mobility (within a local area code) CDMA-based fixed wireless phone service under the brand name “TELKOMFlexi” for both fixed and portable handsets. TELKOM’s rollout of this service began in the three cities of Surabaya, Denpasar and Balikpapan and, as of December 31, 2005, was available in 231 cities. TELKOM’s rollout of this limited mobility fixed wireless service is occurring concurrently with its use of CDMA fixed wireless technology for the development of its fixed line network. CDMA-based fixed wireless technology enables rapid development of telephone networks and the reduction of capital expenditures per line by reducing and often eliminating the need for layout of cables. TELKOM intends to continue to rapidly develop its CDMA-based fixed wireless network and expand its TELKOMFlexi service to other cities and regions in Indonesia. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM had 1,448 BTSs and 3.7 million line units deployed, of which 1,357 BTSs and 3.3 million line units were financed by TELKOM and 91 BTSs and 0.3 million line units were established under the RSA scheme. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM had 4,061,867 TELKOMFlexi lines in service.
      TELKOMFlexi subscribers have the option of postpaid and prepaid services. Postpaid subscribers pay one-time activation charges, ongoing monthly subscription charges and usage charges for local, domestic-long distance and international services, which charges are generally the same as those paid by fixed line subscribers. Prepaid subscribers are required to purchase starterpacks containing RUIM cards and vouchers or refills, and pay only usage charges, which are typically higher than those paid by postpaid subscribers. Prepaid subscribers may purchase a Rp.35,000 starterpack, which include a Rp.35,000 voucher. Refills are made through purchasing vouchers, or through voucherless electronic and ATM channels, in amounts ranging from Rp.10,000 to Rp.500,000, depending on the refill method used. Vouchers and refills purchased remain active for limited periods from the date of purchase, ranging from 15 days for a Rp.10,000 voucher or refill to 210 days for a Rp.500,000 voucher or refill. TELKOM generally provides a 30-day grace period after the expiry of the active period in which only incoming calls are allowed.
      TELKOMFlexi subscribers are also provided with a number of value-added features, such as SMS, WAP, a web portal, ring tones, voicemail and information services, such as billing, directory assistance and other content services. The revenues from these services are reported in the Data and Internet category. See “— Data and Internet Services” below. Customers generally have all features offered by cellular services except roaming to other local area codes and internationally. In June 2004, TELKOM launched a “FlexiCombo” service which allows each subscriber to have up to three telephone numbers, with each number assigned for use in one of three different cities (area codes), but without local area code or international roaming. As of December 31, 2005, the “FlexiCombo” service was available in 231 cities.
Cellular Services
      TELKOM provides its mobile cellular services through its 65%-owned subsidiary Telkomsel. Cellular revenues grew by 39.8% from Rp.10,421.3 billion (US$1,121.8 million), or 30.7% of TELKOM’s total operating revenues, for the year ended December 31, 2004 to Rp.14,571.0 billion (US$1,482.3 million), or 34.8% of TELKOM’s total operating revenues, for the year ended December 31, 2005. Over the same period, the total number of Telkomsel’s mobile cellular subscribers (pre-paid and post-paid) increased by 49.0% from approximately 16.3 million at the end of 2004 to approximately 24.3 million as of December 31, 2005. Of the total subscribers as of December 31, 2005, approximately 22.8 million were pre-paid and approximately 1.5 million were post-paid. Based on data developed by

29

Table of Contents

Telkomsel from various sources, Telkomsel had an estimated 52% share of the GSM cellular market in Indonesia as of December 31, 2005, compared to an estimated 54% market share as of December 31, 2004.
      Telkomsel provided GSM cellular services in Indonesia through its own network and internationally through the 376 networks operated by 244 international roaming partners in 148 countries as of the end of 2005. As of December 31, 2005, Telkomsel had the largest network of any of the cellular operators in Indonesia, providing coverage to over 90% of Indonesia’s population, including all counties in Indonesia and all sub-counties in Java and Bali.
      Telkomsel provides its subscribers with the option of a prepaid service under the brand name “SimPATI,” or a postpaid service under the brand name “KartuHALO.” In May 2004, Telkomsel launched a new prepaid brand “Kartu As,” which was intended to target the lower segment of the market as well as customers who travel frequently within Indonesia, by offering free domestic roaming and lower tariffs on local and domestic long-distance calls, with no difference between tariffs for calls during peak and off-peak hours. On February 1, 2005, Telkomsel introduced new flat tariff for simPATI — Rp.150 per 30 seconds for any call within Telkomsel’s network throughout Indonesia during off-peak time. Further, on March 15, 2005, in order to accelerate simPATI growth and to decrease the simPATI churn rate, Telkomsel launched a new brand called “simPATI 10HOKI” which offers ten new benefits, including 10 free SMSs, a free 10 minute call and 10 free contents download. Telkomsel also offers tailor-made postpaid services for corporate customers and a postpaid family service under the brand name “HALOkeluarga.” In August 2005, Telkomsel launched new “HALObebas” packages for its post-paid customers which allow customers who subscribe to any kartuHALO package to enjoy free roaming facilities as part of their basic service. Generally, postpaid subscribers pay one-time activation charges, ongoing monthly subscription charges and usage charges for roaming, SMS, local, domestic-long distance and international services. All postpaid subscribers enjoy free national roaming and also choose among the following options: (a) special tariff for calls to five favorite numbers within Telkomsel’s network; (b) 150 free SMSs per month; or (c) waiver of the monthly subscription charge.
      Prepaid customers purchase a starter package, the price of which starts at Rp.15,000 for Kartu As customers and Rp.15,000 for SimPATI customers, depending on the value of the pre-paid voucher included in the package. For Kartu As customers, the Rp.15,000 starter package contains a SIM card and a voucher worth Rp.15,000. For SimPATI customers, the Rp.25,000 starter package contains a SimPATI SIM card and a voucher worth Rp.15,000. SimPATI subscribers can buy pre-paid vouchers ranging in value from Rp.20,000 to Rp.1,000,000 to increase the value of their SIM cards, while Kartu As subscribers can buy prepaid vouchers ranging from Rp.5,000 to Rp.100,000. The customer’s prepaid account can be topped up electronically or by supplemental refill vouchers. When refill vouchers are purchased, subscribers call an automated telephone number and enter a 14-digit code printed on their voucher in order to activate or supplement their account with the new prepaid amount. Kartu As and SimPATI starter packages and refill vouchers may be purchased at any of Telkomsel’s service centers and distribution outlets. Electronic refills may also be purchased at selected automatic teller machines, via telephone banking and over the Internet. In June 2004, Telkomsel introduced a new electronic refill service called “M-KIOS” which allows prepaid customers to refill with a mobile handset as the transaction terminal through secure means. In September 2004, Telkomsel introduced an automatic refill service that permits payments through VISA credit cards, pursuant to which a prepaid customer can elect to have a prepaid account refilled automatically in one of the following ways: (i) whenever the prepaid account balance falls below Rp.10,000; (ii) a fixed amount monthly; or (iii) on demand, through SMS. The prepaid customer credits generally have a predetermined expiry date.
      Provided that they meet certain credit-related eligibility requirements, SimPATI customers may sign up for Telkomsel’s post-paid KartuHALO services at any time without having to change their telephone numbers. While Kartu As and SimPATI customers do not pay an activation fee or monthly subscription charges, they pay higher usage charges than postpaid subscribers.

30

Table of Contents

      On May 26, 2005, Telkomsel launched its trial run of 3G services in Jakarta. Telkomsel became the first Indonesian telecommunication company to implement a trial run of such services. Telkomsel continues to expand its 3G network and is conducting feasibility studies, field tests and marketing of its 3G services. In February 2006, Telkomsel, Indosat, Excelcomindo, PT Hutchison CP Telecommunications (“HCPT”) and PT Lippo Telekom were awarded separate licenses to operate the 3G network. The licenses will expire in ten years. Telkomsel has already completed its trial run period, but the service is not yet available to the public.
      Telkomsel also offers cellular users value added services such as SMS, international roaming, GPRS, MMS, multi-party calling, call forwarding, call waiting, caller number display and non-display, ring back tone (which allows callers to the subscriber of the ring back tone service to hear a pre-selected ringing tone), mobile banking, SMS to e-mail services and other personal mobile data services, the revenues from which are reported in the Data and Internet category. See “— Data and Internet Services” below.
      The following table sets forth selected historical information on Telkomsel’s subscriber base for the periods indicated:
                         
    As of or for the Year Ended December 31,
     
    2003   2004   2005
             
Cellular subscribers(1)
                        
KartuHALO (Postpaid)
     1,007,034       1,327,549       1,470,755  
SimPATI (Prepaid)
     8,581,773       11,557,758       16,004,631  
Kartu As (Prepaid)
     —       3,405,201       6,793,967  
Deactivations(2)
                        
KartuHALO (Postpaid)
     265,355       317,020       372,921  
SimPATI (Prepaid)
     2,823,025       8,470,819       15,836,633  
Kartu As (Prepaid)
     —       824,489       12,105,848  
Average monthly churn rate(3)
                        
KartuHALO (Postpaid)
     2.3 %     2.3 %     2.1 %
SimPATI (Prepaid)
     4.0 %     6.8 %     8.2 %
Kartu As (Prepaid)
     —       5.0 %     14.9 %
ARPU(4)
                        
KartuHALO (Postpaid) (Rp.’000)
     314       304       291  
SimPATI (Prepaid) (Rp.’000)
     95       84       84  
Kartu As (Prepaid) (Rp.’000)
     —       48       45  
 
(1)  Prepaid subscribers may purchase SIM-cards and refill vouchers with values ranging from Rp.20,000 to as much as Rp.1,000,000. For Kartu As, the voucher values range from Rp.5,000 to Rp.100,000. The following table shows the respective active periods for Telkomsel’s SimPATI and Kartu As prepaid packages, respectively:
         
    Period during which subscribers
SimPATI Value of Voucher   will have access to services
     
Rp.20,000
     45 days  
Rp.50,000
     60 days  
Rp.100,000
     90 days  
Rp.150,000
     150 days  
Rp.200,000
     180 days  
Rp.300,000
     210 days  
Rp.500,000
     240 days  
Rp.1,000,000
     270 days  

31

Table of Contents

         
    Period during which subscribers
Kartu As Value of Voucher   will have access to services
     
Rp.5,000
     30 days  
Rp.10,000
     30 days  
Rp.25,000
     30 days  
Rp.50,000
     30 days  
Rp.100,000
     30 days  
(2)  Includes voluntary and involuntary deactivations.
(3)  The average monthly churn rate for a year is computed by adding the monthly churn rates during the year and dividing by 12. The monthly churn rate is computed by dividing the number of subscribers deactivated during the month by the number of subscribers at the beginning of the month.
(4)  Refers to Average Revenue per User which is calculated by taking the sum of the ARPU for each month of the year and dividing by 12. ARPU is computed by dividing total cellular revenues for either postpaid or prepaid subscribers (excluding connection fees, interconnection revenues, international roaming revenues from non-subscribers and dealer discounts) for each month by the respective average number of postpaid or prepaid cellular subscribers for that month.
     In June 2004, Telkomsel introduced an enhanced data transmission technology known as “EDGE,” or Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution, which offers enhanced data transmission speeds for handsets equipped to handle EDGE. As of December 31, 2005, EDGE was available in Jakarta, Surabaya, Batam, Semarang and Bali. Telkomsel intends to continue to develop EDGE technology and expand this service to other major cities in Indonesia.
Joint Operation Scheme
      TELKOM and its remaining KSO partner, PT Bukaka SingTel International, provided fixed line and other services in Regional Division VII. In 2005, TELKOM’s revenues from KSO Regional Division VII (including amortization of unearned initial investor payments) contributed Rp.588.7 billion (US$59.9 million), or 1.4% of total operating revenues.
      TELKOM entered into agreements to establish the KSOs in 1995 and pursuant to such agreements transferred the right to operate Regional Divisions I, III, IV, VI and VII to private sector consortia, each of which involved one or more prominent international telecommunications operators. TELKOM then retained the right to operate divisions II and V, its two largest divisions. The KSO Agreements provided for the relevant KSO partner to manage and operate the Regional Division for a fixed term, undertake the construction of a specified number of fixed lines and, at the end of the fixed term, transfer the existing and new telecommunications facilities in the region to TELKOM for a pre-determined agreed amount of compensation. The KSO Agreements also provided for TELKOM to receive the following: (a) one-time initial payment from the KSO partners; (b) guaranteed minimum monthly payments or Minimum TELKOM Revenues (“MTR”); and (c) additional monthly revenue-sharing payments or Distributable TELKOM Revenues (“DTR”) from the revenues of the KSO Unit after payments of MTR and certain operating expenses. The KSO partners were granted licenses to provide fixed line services in the respective regions.
      Following the Indonesian economic crisis that began in mid-1997, certain KSO partners experienced difficulties in fulfilling their obligations to TELKOM. In order to assist the KSO partners in meeting their obligations and to maintain the continuity of the KSO Agreements, all of the KSO partners entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with TELKOM on June 5, 1998 which reduced the minimum line construction obligations of the KSO partners, decreased TELKOM’s share of KSO revenues for 1998 and 1999 and cancelled TELKOM’s option to purchase the assets of the KSO before the end of the KSO period. Beginning January 1, 2000, the parties reverted to the terms of the original KSO agreements with respect to MTR and DTR payments. Due to the severity of the crisis, these measures did not solve the significant difficulties faced by the KSO partners and TELKOM has in recent years acquired or entered into agreements to acquire control of its KSO partners in Regional Divisions I, III and VI, and amended the terms of the KSO Agreement with respect to Regional Division IV to acquire control of the KSO IV operations.

32

Table of Contents

      TELKOM consolidated the revenues from Regional Division I (Sumatera) and Regional Division VI (Kalimantan) following their acquisitions in 2001 and 2002, respectively. TELKOM’s portion of KSO revenues for the last three years (2003 — 2005) are indicated in the following table:
                                                   
    2003   2004   2005
             
KSO Division   MTR   DTR   MTR   DTR   MTR   DTR
                         
    (Rp. in billion)   (Rp. in billion)   (Rp. in billion)
Division III (West Java and Banten)(1)
     242.4       90.0       —       —       —       —  
Division IV (Central Java)(2)
     404.3       184.6       35.2       15.7       —       —  
Division VII (Eastern Indonesia)
     253.2       308.4       260.8       333.8       268.6       318.6  
                                     
 
Total
     899.9       583.0       296.0       349.5       268.6       318.6  
                                     
 
(1)  For 2003, MTR and DTR are from January 1 to July 31, 2003. TELKOM consolidated Regional Division III (West Java and Banten) from July 31, 2003 following the acquisition of a 100% equity interest in AriaWest on July 31, 2003. TELKOM consolidated Rp.377.9 billion of operating revenues from Regional Division III (West Java and Banten) from July 31, 2003 through December 31, 2003, Rp.1,016.8 billion and Rp.1,498.9 billion in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
(2)  On January 20, 2004, TELKOM and MGTI entered into an agreement to amend and restate the KSO Agreement with respect to Regional Division IV (Central Java). See Item 10. “Additional Information — C. Material Contracts — PT Mitra Global Telekomunikasi Indonesia.” As a result of the amended and restated KSO agreement, TELKOM acquired Regional Division IV. TELKOM consolidated Rp.1,398.0 billion and Rp.1,653.2 billion of operating revenues from Regional Division IV (Central Java) from February 1, 2004 through December 31, 2004 and in 2005, respectively. For 2004, MTR and DTR for Regional Division IV represent MTR and DTR generated by Regional Division IV in January 2004.
     The following describes the developments in recent years in which TELKOM acquired or entered into agreements to acquire control of its KSO partners in Regional Divisions I, III and VI, and amended the terms of the KSO Agreement with respect to Regional Division IV to acquire control of the KSO IV operations.
      On April 19, 2002, TELKOM entered into a Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement to acquire 100% of the issued and paid up share capital of its KSO partner in Regional Division I, Pramindo. Under the terms of the agreement, TELKOM agreed to acquire the shares of Pramindo in three tranches: in August 2002 (30%), September 2003 (15%) and December 2004 (55%). TELKOM has provided US$384.4 million in its accounts as the aggregate consideration for this transaction. Of the US$384.4 million, TELKOM made an initial payment of US$9.3 million (Rp.82 billion) in August 2002 and issued promissory notes (series I and II) dated August 2002 for the remaining amount. The agreement granted the selling shareholders a number of protective rights and was conditional upon TELKOM meeting its payment obligations under the promissory notes. The series I promissory notes had a face value of approximately US$372.2 million, while the aggregate amount of the series II promissory notes was estimated to be approximately US$2.9 million. The promissory notes were payable in ten unequal quarterly installments through December 2004 which were funded by monthly amounts transferred by TELKOM to an escrow account. Under the agreement, TELKOM also provided a loan of US$86 million (Rp.765 billion) to Pramindo which was used to repay loans from the IFC, one of the selling shareholders. TELKOM also made an additional payment of Rp.250 billion in respect of a working capital reimbursement to the selling shareholders. TELKOM obtained control of Pramindo as of the closing in August 2002. On January 28, 2004, TELKOM signed a short-term loan agreement with ABN AMRO Bank N.V. Jakarta in the amount of approximately US$130 million and on March 15, 2004 TELKOM used the loan proceeds to repurchase the outstanding promissory notes that were due on June 15, 2004, September 15, 2004 and December 15, 2004. This allowed TELKOM to accelerate the purchase of the remaining 55% of Pramindo that it did not yet own. As of the date of this Annual Report, TELKOM beneficially owns 100% of Pramindo.
      On July 31, 2003, TELKOM acquired 100% of the shares of its KSO partner for Regional Division III, AriaWest for an aggregate consideration of US$38.67 million in cash (US$20 million of which was paid when the purchase agreement was signed on May 8, 2002 and the remaining US$18.67 million was paid on July 31, 2003) and US$109.1 million in promissory notes. The promissory notes, which are interest-

33

Table of Contents

free, are payable in 10 semi-annual installments. At the same time, in consideration of the release of AriaWest’s outstanding obligations to its lenders, TELKOM also repaid approximately US$99 million of AriaWest’s debt (including interest of US$25.0 million) on behalf of AriaWest and entered into a new loan agreement for approximately US$197 million with AriaWest’s lenders. TELKOM and AriaWest also entered into a settlement agreement settling claims and disputes involving alleged material breaches of the KSO Agreement by each party. Pursuant to the settlement agreement, TELKOM and AriaWest irrevocably settled, discharged and released claims and counterclaims in their ICC arbitration proceeding and TELKOM agreed to pay a settlement amount of US$20 million. As a result of the acquisition of AriaWest and the settlement of the ICC arbitration in 2002, for the year ended December 31, 2002 TELKOM reversed the provision of Rp.511.9 billion which was previously made with respect to certain receivables from KSO Unit III and accrued the settlement amount of Rp.179.0 billion in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2002. The ICC arbitration proceeding was settled as of July 31, 2003. On December 30, 2004, TELKOM fully repaid the balance of the AriaWest loan that it assumed, amounting to US$151.9 million (including principal due in December 2004 of US$24.6 million and interest of US$4.3 million).
      On January 20, 2004, TELKOM and MGTI entered into an agreement to amend and restate the KSO Agreement with respect to Regional Division IV. Under the amended and restated KSO agreement, the rights to operate fixed-line telecommunication services in KSO IV region are transferred to TELKOM and KSO IV is operated under the management, supervision, control and responsibility of TELKOM. In addition, for the remaining KSO period, TELKOM is entitled at its sole discretion and expense to construct new telecommunications facilities in Regional Division IV. MGTI receives fixed monthly payments, while TELKOM is entitled to the balance of the KSO revenues after the monthly amounts due to MGTI and operating expenses. If the KSO IV unit is unable to or does not for any reason pay MGTI the fixed monthly payments due to it, TELKOM is obligated to make up any deficiency. At the end of the KSO period (December 31, 2010), all rights, title and interest of MGTI in existing property, plant and equipment (including new additional installations) and inventories shall be transferred to TELKOM at no cost. As a result of the amended and restated KSO agreement, TELKOM obtained the legal right to control financial and operating decisions of Regional Division IV for a purchase price of US$390.7 million, or Rp.3,285 billion, which represents the present value of the fixed monthly payments (totaling US$517.1 million) to be paid by TELKOM to MGTI from 2004 through 2010 plus direct cost of the business combination. TELKOM has accounted for this transaction as a business combination using the purchase method of accounting in 2004.
      On May 17, 2001, TELKOM acquired 90.32% of the issued and outstanding shares of its KSO partner for Regional Division VI, Dayamitra, and purchased a call option and granted a put option with respect to the 9.68% remaining shares of Dayamitra, for an aggregate consideration of approximately US$130.8 million (including a US$8.9 million post-closing working capital adjustment to the purchase price, and excluding consultants’ fees of approximately US$3.3 million, which was capitalized as part of the acquisition cost) which was to be paid in installments. TELKOM paid an initial amount of US$18.3 million on May 17, 2001, the US$8.9 million post-closing working capital adjustment to the purchase price on August 10, 2001 and the balance of US$103.6 million in eight quarterly installments of approximately US$12.9 million between August 17, 2001 and May 17, 2003. On December 14, 2004, TELKOM exercised its call option to acquire the remaining 9.68% of the shares of Dayamitra with a strike price of US$16.2 million. The purchase price for 9.68% shares of Dayamitra was US$22.1 million (Rp.203.0 billion), which represents the present value of the option strike price of US$16.2 million to be paid to an escrow account from December 26, 2004 through March 26, 2006, plus the option purchase price of US$6.3 million and payment for Dayamitra’s adjusted working capital of US$1.0 million.
      On June 11, 2002, TELKOM and its KSO partner for Regional Division VII, PT Bukaka SingTel International (“Bukaka SingTel”), entered into a Memorandum of Understanding pursuant to which they agreed to cooperate in providing infrastructure for fixed wireless access using CDMA 2000 1x in KSO VII region. On January 14, 2003, TELKOM and Bukaka SingTel entered into a Co-Operation Agreement on Fixed Wireless CDMA Facilities Construction in KSO Regional Division VII (the “Co-

34

Table of Contents

Operation Agreement”) that implemented the terms of the Memorandum of Understanding. Under the terms of the Co-Operation Agreement, TELKOM, through its Fixed Wireless Division, will invest US$30.2 million and Rp.28.4 billion for the construction of fixed wireless CDMA facilities for 146,700 line units in Denpasar, Makasar, Manado, Kupang and Mataram, which facilities will be managed, operated and maintained by Bukaka SingTel. The new facilities are expected to be completed by 2006, with TELKOM and Bukaka SingTel sharing the revenues generated by these new facilities. See Item 10. “Additional Information — C. Material Contracts.”
      TELKOM consolidated Dayamitra in 2001, Pramindo in 2002 and AriaWest in 2003, upon acquisition of a majority ownership interest or control in those KSO partners. In addition, under the amended and restated KSO Agreement with respect to Regional Division IV entered into on January 20, 2004, TELKOM consolidated the operating results of KSO IV from February 1, 2004, being the nearest convenient balance date. Accordingly, the revenue sharing percentage in those KSOs is no longer relevant. As of December 31, 2005, PT Bukaka SingTel International is the only remaining KSO partner that has not been acquired or is not controlled by TELKOM. The following table sets forth certain information regarding KSO VII as of December 31, 2005, which has been derived from the KSO Agreements, amendments to the KSO Agreements and other related sources.
     
    Division VII
     
KSO Partner
   PT Bukaka SingTel International
Shareholders in the KSO partner:
    
Foreign telecommunications operator
   Singapore Telecom International Pte. Ltd. (40.00%)
Indonesian and other shareholders
   PT Bukaka Telekomindo International (51.50%); Transpac Capital (8.50%)
Revenue Sharing (TELKOM: KSO Partner)
   35 : 65
End of KSO Period
   2010
Interconnection Services
      TELKOM receives revenues from other telecommunications operators providing fixed line, cellular, international long-distance and other services that interconnect with TELKOM’s network. In 2005, revenues from interconnection services contributed Rp.7,742.1 billion (US$787.6 million), or 18.5% of total operating revenues.
      TELKOM enters into interconnection agreements with one- to three-year terms with other telecommunications network operators, including Indosat and Satelindo, Indonesia’s IDD service providers and cellular operators, establishing the fees payable by the respective operators and the procedures for routing calls through the networks of the respective operators. Most of the short-term (one-year) interconnection agreements are entered into with telecommunications network operators. Beginning in 2004, following the merger of Indosat, Indosat Multi Media Mobile (“IM3”) and Satelindo in 2003, Indosat assumed the obligations of Satelindo and IM3 under their respective interconnection agreements with TELKOM.
      In 2006, as a result of new regulations regarding DLD and IDD services and the implementation of the cost-based interconnection scheme, which was promulgated on February 8, 2006, TELKOM expects to amend all of its interconnection agreements with other domestic network operators to adjust, among other provisions, routing procedures, network configuration and interconnection fees in accordance with the cost-based interconnection scheme. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that TELKOM’s interconnection revenues and costs will not change. For further information on the interconnection scheme, see Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Regulations — Interconnection”; and Item 3. “Key Information” — D. Risk Factors — Risks relating to TELKOM and its subsidiaries — TELKOM operates in a legal and regulatory environment that is undergoing significant reforms and such reforms may adversely affect TELKOM’s business”.

35

Table of Contents

      TELKOM’s interconnection traffic volumes are set forth in the following table for the periods indicated:
                                           
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2001   2002   2003   2004   2005
                     
    (millions of minutes)
Mobile Cellular Interconnection(1)
                                        
 
Incoming paid minutes
     2,355.4       2,830.9       3,463.7       4,235.1       4,863.6  
 
Outgoing paid minutes
     2,689.3       3,854.5       4,872.1       6,448.0       7,514.9  
Fixed Line Interconnection(2)
                                        
 
Incoming paid minutes
     115.6       128.4       130.1       136.7       612.3  
 
Outgoing paid minutes
     34.7       39.6       30.9       51.1       493.5  
Satellite Phone Interconnection
                                        
 
Incoming paid minutes
     2.4       12.6       16.1       14.7       10.7  
 
Outgoing paid minutes
     0.5       5.6       7.5       8.2       6.5  
International Interconnection(3)
                                        
 
Incoming paid minutes
     286.8       303.3       444.1       427.6       596.4  
 
Outgoing paid minutes
     241.9       200.3       149.7       158.1       185.5  
Total
                                        
Total Incoming paid minutes
     2,760.2       3,275.2       4,054.0       4,814.1       6,083.0  
Outgoing paid minutes
     2,966.4       4,100.0       5,060.2       6,665.4       8,200.4  
 
(1)  Includes interconnection with Telkomsel.
(2)  Fixed line interconnection minutes reflect interconnection with the networks of PT Bakrie Telecom (formerly PT Radio Telepon Indonesia or Ratelindo), PT Batam Bintan Telekomunikasi, and for 2004 and 2005, Indosat.
(3)  International interconnection minutes are derived from interconnection with Indosat’s international network and, starting 2004, incoming and outgoing calls using TIC 007 as well.
     TELKOM’s paid minutes from Telkomsel for 2001 — 2005 are set forth in the following table.
                                         
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2001   2002   2003   2004   2005
                     
    (millions of minutes)
Incoming paid minutes
     1,289.9       1,672.6       2,011.8       2,354.1       2,709.1  
Outgoing paid minutes
     1,266.0       2,001.6       2,610.3       3,422.1       4,251.5  
      On June 7, 2004, TELKOM began offering IDD fixed line services under the brand name “TIC 007.” Revenues from IDD services are reported as international interconnection revenues. In order to facilitate interconnection of international calls, TELKOM has entered into international telecommunications service agreements with telecommunications operators in several countries. In addition, as TELKOM does not have agreements with telecommunication operators in each of its IDD destinations, TELKOM has entered into agreements with certain major carriers such as Singapore Telecommunications Limited (“SingTel”), Telekom Malaysia Berhad (“Telekom Malaysia”), MCI Inc. (“MCI”) and others for such operators to act as hubs to route international calls to their destinations.
Network Services
      TELKOM provides satellite transponder leasing, satellite broadcasting, VSAT, audio distribution, satellite-based leased lines and terrestrial-based leased lines. In 2005, revenues from network services contributed Rp.586.6 billion (US$59.7 million), or 1.4% of total operating revenues. TELKOM’s customers for network services include businesses and other telecommunications operators. Customers may enter into agreements that can be for services as brief as a few minutes in the case of broadcasts or long-term agreements for services over the course of one to five years.

36

Table of Contents

Data and Internet Services
      TELKOM provides SMS for fixed line, fixed wireless and cellular phones, dial-up and broadband Internet access, data network services (including VPN frame relay and IP VPN), VoIP services for international calls, ISDN lines and other multimedia services. In 2005, revenues from data and Internet services contributed Rp.6,934.3 billion (US$705.4 million), or 16.6% of total operating revenues.
      In October 2004, TELKOM introduced a premium prepaid dial-up Internet access service. In 2005, an average of approximately 500,000 telephone subscribers accessed its TELKOMNet Instan and premium prepaid dial-up Internet service per month, representing an increase of 10% over the prior year. Subscribers utilized a total of 2.8 billion minutes of TELKOMNet Instan and 877,921 minutes of premium prepaid dial-up service in 2005. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM also had 30,622 broadband Internet access subscribers, which was available in Jakarta and Surabaya.
      In September 2002, TELKOM began offering a premium VoIP international calling service under the name “TELKOMGlobal-017” and a standard VoIP international calling service under the name “TELKOMSave” and TELKOM is currently providing both services in several cities in Indonesia, including Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Medan and Denpasar. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM’s VoIP services allowed subscribers access to 633 destination points in 236 countries through agreements which TELKOM has entered into with eight global carriers (including two global carriers for outgoing only, three global carriers for incoming only and three global carriers for incoming and outgoing) and wholesalers that allow TELKOM to access their international networks. VoIP is a low-cost phone service that is accessed by dialing a special international long-distance prefix. On March 11, 2004, the MoC issued Decree No. 28/2004 and Decree No. 31/2004, which stated that VoIP access codes must be changed from three digits to five digits (“010XY”), and on April 1, 2005, the MoCI announced that the five digit VoIP access codes must be implemented by all operators by December 31, 2005. On May 17, 2005, MoCI Regulation No. 7/2005 was ratified, which changes the VoIP access codes to (i) “010XY” for single stage method; and (ii) “170XY” for double stage method, respectively, effective January 1, 2006. The single stage method refers to direct dialing services without subscription validation. The double stage method refers to direct dialing services whereby subscription validation is required before dialing the destination number. As at January 2006, the access codes for TELKOM’s VoIP service are “017” for single stage and “17017 (prepaid) and 17071 (postpaid)” for double stage.
      The Company plans to increase the number of access points in Indonesia and abroad from which its customers are able to access its VoIP services. In 2005, there was a total of 300.6 million outgoing (using either TELKOMSave or TELKOMGlobal) and incoming (from TELKOM’s global partners) VoIP minutes called, representing an increase in VoIP minutes called of 11.6 million, or 4.0%, over the prior year. Incoming VoIP minutes called increased by 21.0% from 178.2 million minutes in 2004 to 215.6 million in 2005. However, outgoing VoIP minutes called decreased by 23.3% from 110.8 million minutes in 2004 to 85.0 million minutes in 2005. VoIP revenues (consisting of incoming and outgoing) decreased by Rp.26.2 billion, or 8.2%, in 2005, principally due to a 27.8% decrease in traffic of outgoing international VoIP calls, primarily resulting from TELKOM’s focused marketing efforts to promote TELKOM’s IDD service (TIC-007), an alternative to VoIP.
      Certain information about TELKOM VoIP services is set forth in the following table:
         
Item   TELKOMGlobal 017   TELKOMSave
         
Tariff
   Discount up to 40% of normal IDD rate   Discount up to 60% of normal IDD rate
Dial
   One stage   Two stage
Quality/Technology
   Premium VoIP   Standard VoIP
     Revenue-Sharing Arrangements (PBHs)
      TELKOM has entered into separate agreements with several investors under revenue-sharing arrangements to develop fixed lines, public card-phone booths (including their maintenance) and

37

Table of Contents

related supporting telecommunications facilities. In 2005, revenues from revenue-sharing arrangements amounted to Rp.302.3 billion (US$30.8 million), or 0.7% of TELKOM’s total operating revenues.
      As of December 31, 2005, the Company has 90 revenue-sharing arrangements with 63 partners. The revenue-sharing arrangements were located mostly in Palembang, Pekanbaru, Jakarta, East Java and Kalimantan with concession periods ranging from 16 to 176 months.
      Under the revenue-sharing arrangements, the investors finance the costs incurred in constructing telecommunications facilities. Upon completion of the construction, the Company manages and operates the facilities and generally bears the cost of repairs and maintenance during the revenue-sharing period. The investors legally retain the rights to the property, plant and equipment constructed by them during the revenue-sharing periods. At the end of each revenue-sharing period, the investors transfer the ownership of the facilities to the Company.
      Generally, the revenues earned from the customers in the form of line installation charges are allocated in full to the investors. The revenues from outgoing telephone pulses and monthly subscription charges are shared between the investors and the Company based on certain agreed ratios.
      Under revenue-sharing arrangements entered into before October 2002, TELKOM guaranteed a specific internal rate of return to the investors. However, since October 2002, TELKOM no longer guarantees an internal rate of return for new revenue sharing arrangements it enters into. In February 2004, TELKOM began implementing its PPLT program in the Regional Divisions that it controls. Pursuant to the PPLT program, division heads are allowed to enter into agreements for the development of telecommunications facilities with partners within each regional division. In deciding what agreements to enter into, division heads are required to consider certain business factors and act within specified parameters. Priority is also given to the development of CDMA facilities.
      To date, TELKOM has entered into 32 PPLTs for fixed wireless services and 53 PPLTs for fixed wireline services.
Other Services
      TELKOM also provides a variety of other services, such as:
  •  telephone directory, which TELKOM provides through its majority-owned subsidiary, Infomedia;
 
  •  cable and pay television and related services, which it provides through its majority-owned subsidiary, Indonusa; and
 
  •  telex and telegram services.
      In 2005, revenues from other services amounted to Rp.301.0 billion (US$30.6 million), or 0.7% of TELKOM’s total operating revenues.
Network Infrastructure
     Fixed line Network and Backbone
      Fixed Wireline Network. TELKOM’s fixed line network comprises a hierarchy of exchanges ranging from local exchanges through trunk exchanges. Each local exchange is connected to the subscriber’s premises by equipment and facilities called outside plant. Outside plant includes wireline (optical fiber and copper) and wireless local transmission links and the distribution facilities joining them. All of TELKOM’s switching facilities at the local and trunk exchanges are now digital. TELKOM believes that this substantially increases network efficiency, performance and call routing flexibility.
      TELKOM’s total number of fixed wireline lines in service in all divisions, including those lines in KSO VII which are owned by the KSO VII partner and will be transferred to TELKOM at the end of the

38

Table of Contents

KSO period, has increased from approximately 8.6 million as of December 31, 2004 to approximately 8.7 million as of December 31, 2005.
      The following table sets forth statistics relating to TELKOM’s fixed wireline network since 2001:
                                           
    As of or for the Year Ended December 31,
     
Operating Statistics   2001(1)   2002(2)   2003(3)   2004(4)   2005(4)
                     
Exchange capacity
                                        
 
Non-KSO Divisions
     5,135,108       6,643,688       7,810,766       8,786,887       9,138,167  
 
KSO Divisions(9)
     3,669,336       2,459,950       1,608,455       954,465       1,045,366  
                               
 
Total
     8,804,444       9,103,638       9,419,221       9,741,352       10,183,533  
Installed lines
                                        
 
Non-KSO Divisions
     4,725,268       6,157,149       7,235,035       8,264,999       8,497,255  
 
KSO Divisions(9)
     3,316,406       2,234,892       1,548,070       931,999       998,901  
                               
 
Total
     8,041,674       8,392,041       8,783,105       9,196,998       9,496,156  
Lines in service(5)
                                        
 
Non-KSO Divisions
     4,270,243       5,701,900       6,792,300       7,714,977       7,787,693  
 
KSO Divisions(9)
     2,948,695       2,039,608       1,422,028       844,373       898,438  
                               
 
Total
     7,218,938       7,741,508       8,214,328       8,559,350       8,686,131  
Subscriber lines
                                        
 
Non-KSO Divisions
     4,005,106       5,386,430       6,441,973       7,323,304       7,413,769  
 
KSO Divisions(9)
     2,831,168       1,952,226       1,365,114       816,208       869,631  
                               
 
Total
     6,836,274       7,338,656       7,807,087       8,139,512       8,283,400  
Public telephones
                                        
 
Non-KSO Divisions
     265,137       315,470       350,327       391,673       373,924  
 
KSO Divisions(9)
     117,527       87,382       56,914       28,165       28,807  
                               
 
Total
     382,664       402,852       407,241       419,838       402,731  
Leased lines in service
                                        
 
Non-KSO Divisions(6)
     4,973       8,193       8,213       8,887       11,333  
 
KSO Divisions(9)
     2,631       1,879       1,162       382       575  
                               
 
Total
     7,604       10,072       9,375       9,269       11,908  
Fixed wireline subscriber pulse production(7) (millions)
                                        
 
Non-KSO Divisions
     34,342       44,326       50,848       58,314       57,926  
 
KSO Divisions(9)
     24,047       16,788       11,413       6,838       9,743  
                               
 
Total
     58,389       61,114       62,261       65,152       67,669  
Call completion rate (%)
                                        
Local
                                        
 
Non-KSO Divisions
     75.8       75.8       76.8       78.6       80.4  
 
KSO Divisions(9)
     72.5       75.5       78.4       77.9       80.8  
                               
 
Combined
     73.9       75.6       77.3       78.5       80.4  
Domestic long-distance
                                        
 
Non-KSO Divisions
     65.4       65.5       67.5       70.9       74.0  
 
KSO Divisions(9)
     85.6       68.1       74.7       74.9       75.8  
                               
 
Combined
     65.7       66.6       69.5       71.5       74.3  

39

Table of Contents

                                           
    As of or for the Year Ended December 31,
     
Operating Statistics   2001(1)   2002(2)   2003(3)   2004(4)   2005(4)
                     
Fault rate(8)
                                        
 
Non-KSO Divisions
     0.8       4.6       4.4       3.4       3.8  
 
KSO Divisions(9)
     3.1       8.9       3.5       1.9       2.0  
                               
 
Combined
     3.9       5.2       4.1       3.2       3.6  
 
(1)  For 2001, Non-KSO Divisions refer to Divisions II, V and VI, while KSO Divisions refer to Divisions I, III, IV and VII.
(2)  For 2002, Non-KSO Divisions refer to Divisions I, II, V and VI, while KSO Divisions refer to Divisions III, IV and VII.
(3)  For 2003, Non-KSO Divisions refer to Divisions I, II, III, V and VI, while KSO Divisions refer to Divisions IV and VII.
(4)  For 2004 and 2005, Non-KSO Divisions refer to Divisions I, II, III, IV, V and VI, while KSO Divisions refer to Division VII.
(5)  Lines in service are comprised of subscriber lines and public telephone lines and include the following number of lines in service operated by TELKOM pursuant to revenue-sharing arrangements. Such lines in service under revenue-sharing arrangements amounted to 430,477, 443,316, 511,108, 396,926 and 201,485 as of December 31, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
(6)  Excludes leased lines for TELKOM’s network and multimedia businesses.
(7)  Consists of pulses generated from local and domestic long-distance calls, excluding calls made from pay phones and mobile cellular phones.
(8)  Faults per 100 connected lines per month. The calculation formula was changed in January 2002 to include indoor installation and mass fault. The previous measure of fault consisted of exchange and outdoor cable fault.
(9)  Divisions classified as KSO Divisions differ year by year due to acquisitions in certain years. See footnotes (1) to (4) above.
     The following table sets forth certain information relating to the Company’s (including KSOs) fixed line network in each of its operating divisions as of December 31, 2005:
                                                                 
            Division III                    
            (West Java   Division IV           Division VII    
    Division I   Division II   and   (Central   Division V   Division VI   (East    
    (Sumatra)   (Jakarta)   Banten)   Java)   (East Java)   (Kalimantan)   Indonesia)   Total
                                 
Local exchange capacity
     1,718,298       4,143,568       1,361,042       1,336,697       2,528,891       737,019       1,375,074       13,200,589  
Total lines in service
     1,921,532       3,856,340       1,095,093       1,182,022       2,806,761       676,766       1,209,484       12,747,998  
Capacity utilization (%)(1)
     111.83       93.07       80.46       88.43       110.99       91.82       87.96       96.57  
Installed lines(2)
     1,910,363       4,081,046       1,345,872       1,273,593       2,458,347       760,927       1,339,469       13,169,617  
Utilization rate (%)(1)
     100.58       94.49       81.37       92.81       114.17       88.94       90.30       96.80  
Employees(3)
     3,740       6,548       1,967       2,020       2,757       956       3,213       21,201  
Population (millions)(4)
     55.14       30.72       26.94       46.90       38.89       14.54       33.73       246.86  
TELKOM line penetration (%) (5)
     3.48       12.55       4.07       2.52       7.22       4.66       3.59       5.16  
 
(1)  Capacity utilization (lines in service/exchange capacity) and utilization rate (lines in service/installed lines) consist of fixed wireline and fixed wireless. The rate can exceed 100% since the exchange capacity in fixed wireless (MSC and BTS) is calculated by assuming traffic allocation per subscriber of 60 mE (mili Erlang).
(2)  Total for 2005 includes 130,947 fixed wireless line units established under RSA scheme.
(3)  Does not include employees for support divisions, such as TELKOM’s long distance, fixed wireless, multimedia and construction divisions.
(4)  Source: Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (estimated figures).
(5)  TELKOM’s penetration based on the estimated population figures.
     Fixed Wireless Network. TELKOM’s fixed wireless network comprises a hierarchy of exchanges originating from MSC (Mobile Switching Center) and connecting with each other through trunk exchanges. Each MSC is connected to BSS (Base Station Sub System) that comprises BSC (Base Station Controller) and BTS (Base Transceiver Station), which connect equipment at a customer’s premises (handheld device and fixed wireless terminal) to TELKOM’s fixed wireless network.
      TELKOM’s total number of fixed wireless lines in service has increased from approximately 1.4 million as of December 31, 2004 to approximately 4.1 million as of December 31, 2005.

40

Table of Contents

      The following table sets forth statistics relating to TELKOM’s fixed wireless network since 2002:
                                   
    As of or for the Year Ended December 31,
     
    2002(1)   2003(2)   2004(3)   2005(3)
                 
Exchange capacity (MSC)(7)
                                
 
Non-KSO Divisions
     —       666,050       1,952,644       2,687,348  
 
KSO Divisions(6)
     —       61,550       179,700       329,708  
                         
 
Total
     —       727,600       2,132,344       3,017,056  
Installed lines (BTS)(7)
                                
 
Non-KSO Divisions
     8,621       659,497       2,291,212       3,332,893  
 
KSO Divisions(6)
     —       116,150       179,717       340,568  
                         
 
Total
     8,621       775,647       2,470,929       3,673,461  
Lines in service(4)
                                
 
Non-KSO Divisions
     8,527       237,749       1,317,673       3,750,821  
 
KSO Divisions(6)
     —       27,038       111,695       311,046  
                         
 
Total
     8,527       264,787       1,429,368       4,061,867  
Subscriber lines
                                
 
Non-KSO Divisions
     8,510       237,200       1,313,978       3,739,095  
 
KSO Divisions(6)
     —       27,038       111,695       311,046  
                         
 
Total
     8,510       264,238       1,425,673       4,050,141  
Public telephones
                                
 
Non-KSO Divisions
     17       549       3,695       11,726  
 
KSO Divisions(6)
     —       —       —       —  
                         
 
Total
     17       549       3,695       11,726  
Fixed wireless subscriber pulse production/ minutes production(5)(8) (millions)
                                
 
Non-KSO Divisions
     14       214       989       3,254  
 
KSO Divisions(6)
     —       4       125       299  
                         
 
Total
     14       218       1,114       3,553  
 
(1)  For 2002, Non-KSO Divisions refer to Divisions I, II, V and VI, while KSO Divisions refer to Divisions III, IV and VII.
(2)  For 2003, Non-KSO Divisions refer to Divisions I, II, III, V and VI, while KSO Divisions refer to Divisions IV and VII.
(3)  For 2004 and 2005, Non-KSO Divisions refer to Divisions I, II, III, IV, V and VI, while KSO Divisions refer to Division VII.
(4)  Lines in service are comprised of subscriber lines and public telephone lines and include the lines in service operated by TELKOM pursuant to the revenue-sharing arrangements. Such lines in service under revenue-sharing arrangements amounted to 8,208, 63,005 and 130,947 as of December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
(5)  Fixed wireless usage was measured in subscriber pulse before 2004, and in minutes beginning 2004 due to the installation of new equipment. Therefore, fixed wireless usage beginning 2004 and prior to 2004 are not comparable.
(6)  The number of divisions classified as KSO Divisions varies year to year due to KSO acquisitions in certain years. See footnotes (1) to (3) above.
(7)  The capacity of BTS and MSC are calculated by assuming traffic allocation per subscriber to be 60 mE (mili Erlang). However, the average traffic used per subscriber in 2005 was only 18 to 30 mE. Therefore, the capacity of BTS and MSC can accommodate more than 6 million subscribers, respectively.
(8)  Consists of minutes usage generated from local and domestic long-distance calls, excluding calls made from pay phones and mobile cellular phones.
     TELKOM began offering a limited mobility CDMA-based fixed wireless phone service under the brand name “TELKOMFlexi” in December 2002. For more information on TELKOMFlexi, see Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — General — Fixed Wireless Services”. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM had 4,061,867 TELKOMFlexi lines in service (consisting of 3,930,920 lines in service in non-RSA areas and 130,947 lines in service in RSA areas).
      Backbone. TELKOM’s telecommunications network consists of transmission and switching facilities connecting several network access nodes. The transmission links between nodes and switching facilities include microwave, submarine cable, satellite, optical fiber and other transmission technology.

41

Table of Contents

The following table sets forth certain information on the transmission capacity of TELKOM’s backbone transmission facilities as of December 31, 2005.
                 
    Capacity   Percentage
    (number of Transmission   of total
    medium circuits)   capacity
         
Optical fiber cable
     13,827       71.17  
Microwave
     3,682       18.95  
Submarine cable
     1,562       8.04  
Satellite
     357       1.84  
             
Total
     19,428       100.00  
             
      For more information on TELKOM’s satellites, see “Other Network Infrastructure” below.
     Mobile Cellular Network
      Telkomsel. Since its incorporation in 1995, Telkomsel has been providing GSM cellular services throughout Indonesia through its own network. Telkomsel has the largest network coverage of any of the cellular operators in Indonesia, providing coverage to over 90% of Indonesia’s population, including all counties in Indonesia and all sub-counties in Java and Bali. Telkomsel currently operates a nationwide GSM/DCS cellular network using a total of 30 MHz of radio frequency bandwidth. This consists of 7.5 MHz in the 900 MHz band and 22.5 MHz in the 1800 MHz band. Both networks operate as a single integrated dual band network. Telkomsel has rolled out GPRS services nationwide since October 2002. In February 2004, Telkomsel introduced an enhanced data transmission technology known as “EDGE,” or Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution, which offers enhanced data transmission speeds for handsets equipped to handle EDGE. As of December 31, 2005, EDGE was available in Jakarta, Surabaya, Batam, Semarang and Bali.
      The Telkomsel network is an integrated network of (i) base transceiver stations containing transmitters, receivers and other equipment that communicate by radio signals with cellular telephone handsets within the range of the base transceiver station, (ii) digital switch centers that route calls to the proper destinations and (iii) transmission facilities that link the digital switch centers to other cell sites. The various components of the network are connected primarily by microwave transmission, trunk lines owned by Telkomsel and other fixed lines. In addition, through agreements with TELKOM, Telkomsel leases certain of TELKOM’s facilities, including leased lines, integrated management system and information system facilities, land, sites and towers. As of December 31, 2005, Telkomsel’s digital network had 9,895 BTSs, 71 cellular switching centers, 259 base station controllers and 79,912 transmitting and receiving exchanges, with an overall network capacity capable of supporting 26.2 million subscribers.
      For each of the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 Telkomsel made capital expenditures for the development and expansion of its cellular network of approximately Rp.5,348.8 billion, Rp.4,982.7 billion and Rp.10,085.7 billion (US$1,026.0 million), respectively.
      Prior to 2002, TELKOM (through its business division, TELKOM Mobile) and Telkomsel, had been independently working on the construction of separate DCS 1800 networks. TELKOM had been granted 15 MHz of radio frequency bandwidth in the 1800 MHz band. In January 2002, Telkomsel entered into a co-operation agreement with TELKOM (the “Telkomsel Co-operation Agreement”), the purpose of which was to set the framework for the transfer of TELKOM’s mobile telecommunications business and its DCS 1800 license to Telkomsel and for Telkomsel to assume certain obligations and assets of TELKOM connected with the DCS 1800 network, including the assumption of TELKOM’s rights and obligations under a supply contract with Siemens. On April 3, 2002, pursuant to the Telkomsel Co-operation Agreement, Telkomsel purchased TELKOM’s assets relating to TELKOM Mobile and TELKOM transferred its TELKOM Mobile employees to Telkomsel. Telkomsel also assumed all of TELKOM’s rights and obligations under various contracts connected with its TELKOM Mobile business.

42

Table of Contents

      Pursuant to the terms of the Telkomsel Co-operation Agreement, TELKOM undertook to have its DCS 1800 license cancelled and re-issued to Telkomsel so that Telkomsel would have 15 MHz of radio frequency in addition to its own 7.5 MHz of radio frequency in the 1800 MHz band. The MoC re-issued the license to Telkomsel on July 12, 2002.
     Data and Internet Network
      TELKOM began operating data network services in 1997 and has since continued to develop and expand its network progressively. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM’s IP-based network covered 127 cities nationwide with routers in 174 nodes nationwide. TELKOM will continue to expand its IP-based network shifting its primary revenue source from narrowband services to broadband services. The IP-based network serves as the backbone network for high quality VPNs, VoIP and for Internet service providers. TELKOM has remote access servers in 98 locations with 145 nodes in Indonesia used for its “TELKOMNet Instan” dial-up Internet services. For corporate customers requiring high performance and secured virtual private networks, TELKOM provides a premium service known as VPN Frame Relay.
      Since 2004, TELKOM has provided fixed-line based broadband access services under the brand name “Speedy”. As of December 31, 2005, there were over 30,000 subscribers in the areas where such services were available, such as Jakarta, Surabaya and Makasar. TELKOM expects the subscriber base of Speedy to grow significantly over the next 12 months. “Speedy” is currently available in Division II (Jakarta), Division V (Surabaya) and Division VII and is expected to cover all of Divisions I to VII by the end of 2006. Subscribers of Speedy typically are residential dial-up users with a monthly usage of more than Rp.250,000, small office/home office (“SOHO”) companies, travel agents, Internet cafe and schools.
     International Network
      TELKOM received its commercial license from the Government to provide IDD services on May 13, 2004 and began offering IDD fixed line services under the brand name “TIC 007” on June 7, 2004. According to an internal study, TELKOM’s current market share in terms of call volume in this market is 52%. To route outgoing IDD and incoming international calls, TELKOM has three international gateways, in Batam, Jakarta and Surabaya. At present, TELKOM has no intention to develop any new gateways. According to a study conducted by TELKOM in September 2005, three gateways are sufficient to accommodate TELKOM’s international call volume. Nonetheless, TELKOM plans to improve the capacities of each gateway and the bandwidth of its international links.
      To connect its domestic network to the global network, TELKOM primarily relies on the following microwave, international cable and satellite links: (i) microwave link between Batam and Johor (Malaysia); (ii) TIS (Thailand-Indonesia-Singapore) cable system, which is an international submarine fiber optic cable system deployed by TELKOM, SingTel and CAT Telecom Public Company Limited and completed in November 2003, which connects Indonesia (Batam), Singapore (Changi) and Thailand (Songkhla) and was extended to Hong Kong in July 2004; (iii) Intelsat satellites. TELKOM completed developing the ground segment to link its network to the Intelsat satellites in December 2004; and (iv) Dumai Melaka cable system, which is an international submarine fiber optic cable system deployed by TELKOM and Telekom Malaysia to connect Dumai (Indonesia) to Melaka (Malaysia) and completed in December 2004. These multiple international links provide flexibility for TELKOM to interconnect with foreign operators.
      In order to facilitate interconnection of international calls, TELKOM has entered into international telecommunications service agreements with telecommunications operators in several countries. In addition, as TELKOM does not have agreements with telecommunication operators in each of its IDD destinations, TELKOM has entered into agreements with SingTel, Telekom Malaysia, MCI and other entities for such operators to act as hubs to route international calls to their destinations. TELKOM plans to enter into additional international telecommunications service agreements with telecommuni-

43

Table of Contents

cations operators for direct interconnection, particularly operators in the top 20 destinations for its outgoing IDD traffic.
Other Network Infrastructure
      As of December 31, 2005, the Company also operated the TELKOM-1 and TELKOM-2 satellites and 199 earth stations, including one satellite control system. TELKOM-1 has 36 transponders including 12 extended C-band transponders and 24 standard C-band transponders and TELKOM-2 has 24 standard C-band transponders. TELKOM uses its satellites for the following purposes:
  •  Network backbone transmission;
 
  •  Rural telecommunications services;
 
  •  Back-up transmission capacity for the national telecommunications network;
 
  •  Satellite broadcasting, VSAT and multimedia services;
 
  •  Satellite transponder capacity leasing;
 
  •  Satellite-based lease line; and
 
  •  Teleport (earth station satellite uplinking and downlinking services to and from other satellites).
Network Development
     Fixed line Network Development
     1. Fixed Wireline Network Development
      In 2004, TELKOM substantially completed the expansion of its Java fiber optic backbone. TELKOM entered into an agreement on June 10, 2005 with a consortium consisting of NEC Corporation and PT Siemens Indonesia to further develop its Java-Sumatra-Kalimantan network by the end of 2006.
      TELKOM also had several network developments projects that were ongoing as of December 31, 2005, which included the development of:
  •  fiber optic backbone infrastructure in Kalimantan (Borneo) from Banjarmasin to Samarinda;
 
  •  fiber optic backbone infrastructure in Sulawesi from Makasar to Palu;
 
  •  fiber optic regional junction in greater Jakarta, Surabaya (East Java) and Bandung — Cirebon (West Java);
 
  •  IP DSLAM project offering broadband access to all users in Indonesia;
 
  •  submarine cable system between Jakarta and Batam which facilitates the connection between domestic link and international link;
 
  •  transmission backbone infrastructure for Java island;
 
  •  IP-based network; and
 
  •  installation of Softswitch Class 4 in Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang and Surabaya to replace the outmoded TDM switch.
      To further develop its communications services, TELKOM also plans to:
  •  continue to implement soft switch technologies to move towards a next generation network;
 
  •  continue to enhance its network through the progressive replacement of its old copper access network with optical access network; and
 
  •  continue network integration and quality improvement.

44

Table of Contents

     2. Fixed Wireless Network Development
      TELKOM continues to develop and expand its network infrastructure. TELKOM signed agreements with a consortium led by Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. in December 2002, with a consortium led by Ericsson in December 2002, with Motorola, Inc. in March 2003, and with PT INTI in August 2003, for the development of a total of 1,656,300 base station subsystem lines and network and switching subsystem lines based on CDMA fixed wireless technology. These projects were to be completed by mid-2006 but were accelerated and completed in 2005 to satisfy increasing market demand. See Item 10. “Additional Information — C. Material Contracts.” TELKOM also had several on-going network development projects as of December 31, 2005, which included the development of fixed wireless services in forty-four locations, consisting of forty locations in Jakarta, two locations in Sumatera and two locations in Sulawesi.
     Mobile Cellular Network Development
      In 2004, Telkomsel extended its GSM coverage to cover all counties in Indonesia. It also continued to improve the quality of its coverage in Jakarta, Surabaya and other major cities through the addition of microcells and expansion of its fiber optic transmission backbone. In 2005, Telkomsel added, among other equipment, 3,690 BTSs and 30,580 transmitting and receiving exchanges, thereby expanding its cellular network to cover the entire areas of Java and Bali. Telkomsel plans to continue to install additional BTSs to further expand its coverage, further expand its fiber optic transmission backbone for major cities in Java, install additional microcells and install additional transmitting and receiving exchanges, particularly in provincial areas, to further improve the quality of its coverage, upgrade its switching equipment to increase network capacity, and expand its intelligent network used in connection with its prepaid products.
     Data Network Development
      In 2005, TELKOM continued to improve the quality of its data network by adding capacity and coverage, increasing the capacity and coverage area of its network management system, as well as improving its billing system, security and access to its data network. TELKOM developed IP core network in 15 cities to support the soft switch implementation, increased the number of Backbone nodes in 114 locations to 326 locations and raised the internet gateway capacity to 600 Mbps. It also extended the coverage for TelkomNet Instan and VPN Dial services in 53 locations in Sumatera as well as Eastern Indonesia and developed Host to Host in 28 banks, enabling customers to pay their phone bills using ATM machines. TELKOM also expanded the coverage of its high performance IP backbone and related IP infrastructure to increase its IP traffic capacity. TELKOM appointed a consortium consisting of Juniper Networks (Hong Kong), Ltd, PT Siemens Indonesia and PT Datacom Diangraha to develop its IP core network for Rp.29.8 billion, through a letter agreement in December 2004 and formalized by a contract dated April 1, 2005. The project was awarded after holding an e-auction, and was completed in December 2005.
      In 2005, TELKOM also improved the quality and coverage of its broadband Internet access network by continuing to expand its ADSL broadband access network, which currently covers Division II (Jakarta) and Division V (East Java). TELKOM deployed a nationwide ADSL broadband Internet access network, and entered into a contract for the development of this network. Due to an insufficient customer base for ADSL broadband access network services, however, the expansion was not completed in the third quarter of 2005 as originally scheduled, except for Division VII. In February 2004, TELKOM launched a quality enhancement program for the broadband access network called the “JAWARA Broadband” program to modernize the broadband access networks of TELKOM and improve the quality of such access networks. In 2005, the program resulted in an increase in the number of broadband access networks supported by xDSL broadband internet service by 26%.

45

Table of Contents

     TELKOM-2 Satellite
      TELKOM signed a US$73.1 million contract with Orbital Sciences Corporation to build the TELKOM-2 satellite based on Orbital’s STAR-2 platform, to replace TELKOM’s Palapa B-4 satellite, which was taken out of service in August 2005. The TELKOM-2 satellite has a capacity of 24 standard C-band transponders, with transponder specifications similar to those of the TELKOM-1 satellite. TELKOM-2 has a 15 years in-orbit life and is expected to provide increased coverage of the Asian region and the Indian subcontinent compared to Palapa B-4. TELKOM believes that the satellite will support TELKOM’s network for voice, video and data communications.
      On November 8, 2002, TELKOM signed a US$62.9 million agreement with Arianespace S.A., which covers the cost of launching TELKOM-2. TELKOM launched TELKOM-2 on November 17, 2005.
     Capital Expenditures
      For more information on TELKOM’s principal capital expenditures, see Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — B. Liquidity and Capital Resources — Capital Expenditures”.
Business Strategy
      TELKOM’s objective is to become a leading full telecommunication services and network company in Indonesia providing a wide range of communications services. The Company’s vision is to become a leading “InfoCom” player in the region, with a mission to provide one-stop services with excellent quality and competitive prices to customers and to manage its business using best practices, utilizing competitive advantages and maximizing synergies.
      TELKOM believes that Indonesia’s telecommunications market remains underdeveloped with low penetration rates for both fixed lines and mobile cellular lines compared to other countries in Southeast Asia. TELKOM believes that the strong demand for telecommunications services has largely been responsible for the growth of its fixed line and wireless business in recent years and will continue to offer favorable growth opportunities in the future. TELKOM expects that fixed line and wireless services will continue to contribute the substantial majority of its operating revenues in the near term. It has developed broad strategies to retain its existing customers, to acquire new and lost customers and to further penetrate the market through customer relationship management (such as the setting up of its enterprise service division and account management teams), product leadership and diversification, competitive pricing and one-gate distribution channels.
      The key elements of TELKOM’s strategy are:
     Strengthening the Fixed Wireline and Fixed Wireless Business
      Indonesia has one of the lowest fixed line penetration rates in Southeast Asia. As of December 31, 2005, a majority of total lines in service were in the major metropolitan areas of Jakarta, Surabaya, Semarang, Bandung, Medan and Denpasar.
      TELKOM aims to strengthen its fixed wireline and fixed wireless business by:
  •  increasing its fixed line penetration rate more quickly and with lower capital expenditure per line through the rapid roll-out of fixed wireless technology, revenue sharing arrangements, new partnership agreements and pay as you grow schemes;
 
  •  increasing the use of TELKOMFlexi and value added services;
 
  •  strengthening its interconnection business by establishing a service center dedicated to telecommunications operators and other interconnection customers, opening more gateways to other telecommunications operators, offering more attractive pricing and providing enhanced billing services;

46

Table of Contents

  •  strengthening PlasaTELKOM as a point of sale for TELKOM’s services; and
 
  •  developing and expanding its IDD fixed line business, which TELKOM began offering to customers on June 7, 2004.
     Strengthening its Backbone Network
      In order to provide a better quality of service to its customers, TELKOM intends to continue to increase the capacity, coverage and quality of its network by, among other things, using an optical network for high speed backbone transmission infrastructure such as its Java optical backbone, HPBB Sumatera (2002-2003), Trans Borneo and Trans Sulawesi (2004-2005) and by its launch of the new TELKOM-2 satellite to replace the Palapa B-4 satellite. In addition, TELKOM aims to manage synergies among utility providers in order to enhance backbone capacity and access network penetration, expanding its optical network, upgrading to a next generation network with the installation of advanced switching systems, constructing international microwave and submarine links and upgrading its systems to provide integrated billing for new services.
     Maintaining Telkomsel’s Leading Position in the Industry
      The Company regards the cellular business as having the greatest opportunity for revenue growth. The Company provides its cellular services through Telkomsel, a market leader in the cellular business in Indonesia. Based on industry statistics, Telkomsel had an estimated market share as of December 31, 2005 of approximately 52% of the GSM cellular market, maintaining its position as the largest nationwide licensed GSM cellular operator in Indonesia and representing a slight decrease from its estimated market share of 54% as of December 31, 2004. TELKOM intends to promote the further development of Telkomsel’s business by, among other things, offering bundling of and one-stop shopping for, TELKOM’s and Telkomsel’s products and services, and expanding Telkomsel’s network capacity to enable Telkomsel to meet the projected needs of its customer base through 2006. In order to focus on Telkomsel and GSM technology, TELKOM has sold its interests in cellular operators PT Telekomindo Selular Raya (“Telesera”), PT Metro Selular Nusantara (“Metrosel”) and PT Komunikasi Selular Indonesia (“Komselindo”) which utilize analog and other first generation non-GSM technologies.
      TELKOM believes that the 35% equity interest of Singapore Telecom Mobile Pte Ltd (“SingTel Mobile”) in Telkomsel increases Telkomsel’s ability to access SingTel Mobile’s technological and commercial expertise in the cellular business and increases opportunities for cooperation between Telkomsel and SingTel Mobile in the development of new products, thereby strengthening and better positioning Telkomsel to face competition from other mobile cellular operators.
      The key elements of Telkomsel’s strategy for its business include:
  •  taking advantage of commercial, operational and network synergies with TELKOM and sharing best-practices and know-how with SingTel Mobile;
 
  •  continuous capacity and coverage expansion at pre-defined quality levels to handle subscriber growth;
 
  •  maintaining or improving market share by continuously aligning the characteristics and features of Telkomsel’s service offerings to the evolving needs of its customer, enhancing its products and services portfolio (including its EDGE and GPRS services), expanding network capacity and improving service quality;
 
  •  ensuring that Telkomsel has the IT infrastructure in place to fulfill its vision and mission, with special focus on areas such as billing, service delivery and customer service; and
 
  •  achieving service levels at par with world class mobile service providers through its call center footprint and aggressive pursuit of service oriented goals.

47

Table of Contents

     Developing its Fixed Wireless Business
      TELKOM began offering a limited mobility CDMA-based fixed wireless phone service under the brand name “TELKOMFlexi” in December 2002. For more information on TELKOMFlexi, see Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Fixed Wireless Services”. TELKOM plans to continue to expand its CDMA-based fixed wireless networks in all of its regional divisions by constructing CDMA-based fixed wireless networks. Compared to fixed wireline networks, CDMA-based networks are generally faster and easier to construct and provide customers with greater flexibility and mobility. In April 2005, TELKOM introduced the “GB3” program in order to attract more TELKOMFlexi customers. Through increased brand image, market penetration and call generation, the “GB3” program helped increase the customer base of TELKOMFlexi by 2.1 million customers from 1.4 million customers in December 2004 to 3.5 million customers in June 2005. TELKOM believes the deployment of a CDMA-based fixed wireless network and its TELKOMFlexi business will provide TELKOM a competitive advantage in the face of liberalization and increased competition in the fixed line market.
     Developing its Data and Internet Business
      TELKOM intends to grow its data and Internet business by, among other things:
  •  increased investment in TELKOM’s broadband infrastructure (such as ADSL, Hybrid Fiber/ Coaxial and satellite);
 
  •  focusing on retaining and acquiring customers with high demand for data services by offering competitive pricing for high-speed data and Internet services (including value-added services) and full VPN IPs, and by expanding TELKOM’s backbone and network access technology;
 
  •  giving customers greater Internet access options, such as through wireless hotspot technology and the bundling of Internet access services with TELKOMFlexi and Telkomsel products;
 
  •  developing and offering new value-added services and products, such as e-payment services for banks and other financial institutions and wireless data content for GPRS and MMS users;
 
  •  expanding the international coverage of TELKOM’s data and Internet services by entering into agreements with additional global carriers and wholesalers; and
 
  •  expanding the coverage and quality of its Internet Protocol backbone to increase data and Internet traffic capacity.
     Reducing Cost of Capital
      TELKOM recognizes that the increasingly competitive Indonesian telecommunications market requires TELKOM to develop additional network capacity, improve operational efficiency and diversify its sources of financing. TELKOM’s internally generated cash flows and direct borrowing from banks and other lenders may not be sufficient to fund aggressive plans to grow its business. As a result, since the end of 2002 TELKOM has sought to implement a “pay as you grow” scheme for its additional network capacity in order to:
  •  share investment risks with its suppliers;
 
  •  reduce its asset base and outsource non-core businesses; and
 
  •  mitigate financing, commercial, operational, technical and capacity risks.
      “Pay as you grow” involves arrangements in which TELKOM and its equipment suppliers agree that a percentage of the contract cost will be paid up front (for example, 25%) and the balance will be paid once lines are put into service. TELKOM and its suppliers also agree to work together to plan and design networks, assess capacity requirements and determine timetables for procurement. The “pay as you grow” scheme allows TELKOM to pay the equipment vendors based on the attainment of a certain

48

Table of Contents

number of customers in the related area/facility or within one year from completion date, whichever is earlier. Vendors participating in this “pay as you grow” scheme have assessed the risk of entering into such scheme and, up to the date of this Annual Report, have only been willing to enter into this scheme for projects that they believe have high customer potential. Accordingly, vendors have always been paid by TELKOM within a few months after the equipment has been delivered. Only a relatively small number of equipment vendors are invited to participate in “pay as you grow” programs and supply a substantial portion of TELKOM’s infrastructure and other equipment needs.
Increasing TELKOM and Telkomsel Synergy
      TELKOM seeks to increase its synergy with Telkomsel, and to promote the sharing of facilities and information, the combining of resources and increased coordination. These resources include network, marketing, infrastructure support (such as information technology, logistics, human resources development and procurement) as well as products and services (such as new product development, bundling/packaging of services and interconnection). Specific examples include:
  • joint corporate account handling to be able to offer a complete suite of services to relevant corporate customers;
 
  • utilizing the group’s combined customer base to deliver each other’s relevant products (such as the offering of TELKOM’s 007 IDD service to Telkomsel’s customers with specific benefits and a joint promotion campaign);
 
  • joint promotion and marketing activities on a case-by-case basis whenever this generates additional benefits to the group;
 
  • consolidated procurement programs and processes to obtain competitive prices for common purchases and implement an e-auction process as a standard bid price mechanism;
 
  • sharing of operational facilities (such as sites, towers, mechanical and electrical facilities); and
 
  • information sharing and in certain cases joint deals with content providers for mobile data services.
Pay TV Services
      TELKOM provides pay-TV services through its subsidiary, PT Indonusa Telemedia (“Indonusa”) under the brand name TELKOM-VISION through HFC-based SMATV and the Internet. It currently has approximately 29,000 subscribers.
Customer Service
TELKOM
      TELKOM provides customer services through:
  • Walk-in customer service points. TELKOM’s walk-in customer service points (“Plasa Telkom”) provide convenient and comprehensive access to TELKOM’s customer services including product and service information requests and complaints, activation of services, customer billing, payments, account suspensions, service features and marketing promotions. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM had more than 800 customer service points in total, including 53 customer service points in Jakarta and 48 in Surabaya, and including 163 customer service points operated by its KSO Unit. In 2006, TELKOM plans to expand its services at customer service points to include electronic payment services via Electronic Data Capture (“EDC”) using on-site terminals.
 
  • Call centers and Internet. TELKOM operates call centers in many cities in Indonesia, including in the KSO regions. Customers are provided a number 08001 TELKOM (toll free for corporate customers) to speak directly to customer service operators who are trained to handle customer

49

Table of Contents

  requests and complaints and to provide up-to-date information on matters such as customer bills, promotions and service features. Billing information may also be obtained through the Internet for customers in Divisions I to VI. Since December 2004, TELKOM has also introduced on a trial basis SMS at a service point for customers in Jakarta and East Java and charges such customers at the regular SMS rates. Customers are also provided access to directory services for which a charge is levied. TELKOM promotes the use of call centers, SMS and the Internet over walk-in customer service points for its retail customers.
 
  • Enterprise service and account management teams. To focus on its corporate customers that contribute between Rp.50 million to Rp.500 million to TELKOM’s monthly revenues, particularly corporations with national operations, TELKOM has set up an enterprise service division in Jakarta, which seeks to develop its business in this segment of the market. TELKOM provides these customers with account management teams, each comprising an account manager supported by personnel from the relevant operational departments, to provide a single point of contact for all of the customer’s communications needs, including integrated communications solutions. TELKOM has also divided its enterprise service and account management teams into six segments, namely, (i) Financial and Banking, (ii) Government, Army & Police, (iii) Manufacturing, (iv) Mining & Construction, (v) Trade & Industrial Park, and (vi) Trading & Service. To cater to such customers, the enterprise service division works on integrating various product and service offerings to provide total telecommunications solutions, including voice telecommunications services, multimedia services and certain office automation and network monitoring and controlling services. TELKOM has also set up similar account management teams at the regional level to focus on corporations with regional operations within Indonesia. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM had 689 national and regional-level account managers that cover Divisions I to VI and KSO VII, a 9% increase from 634 account managers as of December 31, 2004. It plans to further increase the number of such teams.
 
  • Service level guarantee program. TELKOM has had a service level guarantee program for its fixed line customers in Divisions II and V since May 2001 and has been implementing a service level guarantee program on a national basis since June 2002. The service level guarantee program provides guarantees of certain minimum levels of service relating to, among others, new line installations, restoration of disconnected lines and billing complaints, and provides for non-cash compensation, such as free subscription for a certain period, to be awarded to customers where such minimum service levels are not met.

Telkomsel
      Telkomsel provides customer services through:
  • GraPARI Customer Services Centers: As of December 31, 2005, Telkomsel had 64 GraPARI customer services centers (“GraPARI centers”). Telkomsel’s GraPARI centers provide convenient and comprehensive access to Telkomsel’s customer services. GraPARI centers handle product and service information requests and complaints and typically focus on activation of services, customer billing, payments, account suspensions, service features, network coverage, IDD, roaming information and marketing promotions. See “— Sales, Marketing and Distribution”.
 
  • Caroline: “Caroline”, or Customer Care On-Line, is a 24 hour toll-free telephone service. Telkomsel’s customers may speak directly to customer service operators who are trained to handle customer requests and complaints and to provide up-to-date information on matters such as customer bills, payments, promotions and service features.
 
  • Anita: “Anita”, or Aneka Informasi dan Tagihan, is an SMS service available only to Telkomsel’s KartuHALO subscribers.

50

Table of Contents

      Subscribers may use dedicated Anita telephone lines to obtain billing information as well as usage information through SMS.
Sales, Marketing and Distribution
TELKOM
      TELKOM distributes and sells its principal products and services, including fixed wireless services but excluding mobile cellular services, through six primary distribution channels:
  • Walk-in customer service points. Customers have access to certain products and services in these walk-in customer service points. See “— Customer Service” above.
 
  • Account management teams. Account management teams promote TELKOM’s products and services in an integrated manner to TELKOM’s larger business customers. See “— Customer Service” above.
 
  • Public telecommunications kiosks. Small businesses in cooperation with TELKOM have established public telecommunications kiosks throughout Indonesia. Customers can access basic telecommunications services, including local, domestic long-distance and international telephony, send facsimiles, telexes and telegrams, access the Internet and purchase phone-cards and TELKOMFlexi starter packs and vouchers. TELKOM generally provides discounts to such kiosks of 30% compared with subscriber telephone rates. Kiosks operate on a non-exclusive basis and may also provide products and services of other operators.
 
  • Authorized dealers and retail outlets. These are located throughout Indonesia and primarily sell phone-cards and TELKOMFlexi subscriptions, starter packs and vouchers. Independent dealers and retail outlets pay for all products they receive at a discount, operate on a non-exclusive basis and may also sell products and services of other operators.
 
  • Website. Through its website, customers can obtain information on TELKOM’s major products and services and gain access to certain of its multimedia products.
 
  • Public telephones. Customers can make local, domestic long-distance and international telephone calls through public telephones.
      TELKOM’s marketing communications program includes the use of print and television advertising, customer service and distribution personnel, infrastructure and special promotional campaigns to strengthen its brand name, increase its profile and educate the general public about itself and its products and services. TELKOM is continuing to develop its marketing communications program to promote all of its core businesses as it seeks to evolve into a full service telecommunications provider.
Telkomsel
      Telkomsel sells its cellular services through three primary distribution channels:
  (i) its 64 GraPARI centers (as of December 31, 2005),
 
  (ii) a network of authorized dealers (operating over 12,000 retail outlets throughout Indonesia as of December 31, 2005) selling primarily prepaid SIM cards and vouchers, and
 
  (iii) other outlets such as banks and photo shops.
      Independent dealers and other outlets pay for all products they receive, such as starter packs and prepaid vouchers, at a discount. Independent dealers sell Telkomsel’s cellular services on a non-exclusive basis and may also sell products and services of other cellular operators.
      Telkomsel markets its KartuHALO product and services to specific target groups, focusing on corporate end-users, and HALOkeluarga, product and services to professionals who tend to generate higher usage and, therefore, higher revenues. Telkomsel has established dedicated corporate account

51

Table of Contents

teams to market its services to large corporate customers and to manage on-going client relationships. Its prepaid products and services are targeted at a much broader customer base.
      Telkomsel advertises through a variety of media for strategic branding and promotions. In addition, Telkomsel employs marketing methods such as bill inserts and point-of-sale displays in order to target programs, events and promotions at particular segments of the market. Telkomsel’s marketing strategy also includes conducting on-going market analysis to better understand its targeted subscribers and to gather feedback on customer preferences. It conducts such analysis with a view to improving and introducing new services to cater to the requirements of existing customers and to attract new subscribers.
Billing, Payment and Collection
      TELKOM’s customers are billed on a monthly basis. Customers are billed according to the regional division in which they are located, although they may request bills from several regions to be combined. The billing process is computerized within each region. Payment can be made within the respective regions, through designated automated teller machines, at post offices and banks that act as collecting agents and in certain areas by direct deposit via telephone transfer or by automatic debit through banks and Internet banking. However, for payments that are overdue for three months or more, customers are required to make such payments only at TELKOM’s customer service points. TELKOM issues bills on the fifth day of each month and payment of the bill is due by the 20th day of that same month. If payment is not received by the due date of the bill, customers are provided with reminders by way of automated telephone calls and reminder letters, nominal late fees are levied and increasing levels of call barring are implemented. Services will be terminated if no payment is received after two months from the due date, although TELKOM does not cut off service to its Government subscribers. After an account is terminated, the customer may only re-subscribe for services after making the overdue payment, including payment of late fees, and by completing a new application.
      The following is a summary of TELKOM’s overdue payment policy for “Lines in Service” (“Sambungan Pokok Telepon”) and TELKOMFlexi (excluding Government subscribers) effective since April 1, 2006:
             
Stage   Overdue Payment   Charge   Penalty
             
I
   1-10 days   5% of the total outstanding receivables, subject to the minimum charge of Rp.5,000   Out-going isolation (i.e., restricted to receiving incoming calls only)
II
   11-40 days   10% of overdue bill subject to minimum charge of Rp.10,000   Total isolation (i.e., no outgoing or incoming calls)
III
   41-60 days   15% of overdue bill subject to minimum charge of Rp.15,000   Service disconnected
IV
   More than 60 days   15% of overdue bill subject to minimum charge of Rp.15,000   Service disconnected and associated number subject to termination

52

Table of Contents

      The following is a summary of TELKOM’s overdue payment policy for Speedy (excluding Government subscribers), effective since April 1, 2006:
             
Stage   Overdue Payment   Charge   Penalty
             
I
   1-10 days   5% of the total outstanding receivables   Total isolation
II
   11-40 days   10% of overdue bill   Total isolation
III
   41-60 days   15% of overdue bill   Service disconnected
IV
   More than 60 days   15% of overdue bill   Service disconnected and associated number subject to termination
      The following is a summary of TELKOM’s overdue payment policy for WARTEL and Warung TELKOM, kiosk telephone operators which use TELKOM’s networks, effective since April 1, 2006:
             
Stage   Overdue Payment   Charge   Penalty
             
I
   1-20 days   5% of the total outstanding receivables   Total isolation
II
   21-50 days   10% of overdue bill   Service disconnected
III
   More than 50 days   15% of overdue bill   Service disconnected and associated number subject to termination
      TELKOM currently provides billing services for Indosat in connection with their IDD services, for which it charges a flat fee for each bill.
Management of Customer Receivables
      TELKOM does not collect deposits from subscribers. TELKOM has historically been the only provider of fixed line telecommunication services in Indonesia and has approximately 12.4 million subscriber lines comprises 8.3 million subscriber lines on its fixed wireline network and 4.1 million subscriber lines on its fixed wireless network. A delinquent subscriber, except for Government, police and military customers, is subject to late fees, increasing levels of call barring and, eventually, disconnection of the service after approximately 3 months of delinquency. Since the monthly bill for the average customer is insignificant and the customer is required to pay a reinstallation fee, the overdue payment and all late fees when the customer intends to resubscribe, there is little incentive for the customer not to pay his outstanding bill. In addition, TELKOM screens potential customers for fixed line by reviewing identity card and electricity billing statements and by visiting the residence of such potential customers. Accordingly, TELKOM believes that the collectibility of its receivables is reasonably assured.
      In the case of private retail customers, TELKOM generally provides for 100% of the outstanding debt where the amount has been outstanding for more than three months. In the case of Government, police and military customers, TELKOM generally provides for 25% of the outstanding debt where the amount has been outstanding between 7 and 12 months, 50% where the amount has been outstanding between 13 and 24 months and 100% where the amount has been outstanding for more than 24 months. TELKOM does not charge any late fees or interest on its overdue accounts for Government subscribers.
Telkomsel
      Telkomsel bills its KartuHALO post-paid subscribers on a monthly basis, in arrears based on: (i) the minutes of use for cellular services; (ii) any additional, chargeable value-added services utilized during the period; and (iii) subscription charges for basic and other services included in their subscription plan. Postpaid subscribers can choose among three options: (a) special tariff for calls to

53

Table of Contents

five favorite numbers within Telkomsel’s network; (b) 150 free SMSs per month; or (c) waiver of the monthly subscription charge.
      Telkomsel offers its KartuHALO post-paid subscribers a variety of payment options, including payment by cash, cheque, credit card, direct deposit via telephone transfer or automatic debit through banks and participating credit card companies. Payments may be made at any of Telkomsel’s GraPARI centers, designated automatic-teller machines or through over-the-counter facilities (mostly at post offices and banks with whom Telkomsel has an arrangement).
      Telkomsel issues bills to retail customers on the fifth day of each month and payment of the bill is due by the 20th day of that same month (corporate customers can choose the day of the month that they would like their bill due and Telkomsel issues the bill approximately 15 days prior to such date). If payment is not received by the due date of the bill, subscribers are provided with reminders by way of automated telephone calls or SMS, and the customer will be barred from making any outgoing calls or receiving any incoming roaming calls. If there is no payment of the overdue sum within one month from the due date of the relevant bill, the customer will be further barred from receiving all incoming calls. If no payment is received within two months of the due date of payment, the customer’s account will then be terminated, although Telkomsel will continue to seek payment and may seek the assistance of a debt collection agency. After an account is terminated, the customer may only re-subscribe for services after making the overdue payment and by completing a new application. Telkomsel does not charge any late fees or interest on its overdue accounts.
Insurance
      As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM’s property, plant and equipment, including optical fibers but excluding multi-pair cables, were insured against the risk of fire, theft and other specified risks for an aggregate coverage value of Rp.20.3 trillion (US$2.1 billion). TELKOM maintained additional insurance coverage as of such date of US$191.5 million in the event of a total loss of the TELKOM-1 and TELKOM-2 satellites. In connection with the TELKOM-1 satellite, TELKOM has procured in-orbit insurance coverage in the amount of US$54.5 million. This coverage has been subject to daily reductions on a straight-line basis since November 7, 2004. As of January 1, 2006, the coverage amount is US$48.2 million and it is expected to reduce to zero by 2014. In connection with the TELKOM-2 satellite, which was successfully launched on November 17, 2005, TELKOM has procured insurance to cover both the satellite and launch services. With regard to the TELKOM-2 satellite, TELKOM has procured (i) a satellite launch and in-orbit insurance providing coverage of US$72.3 million to cover the event of a total loss of the satellite in the period between lift-off and up to one year in orbit, and (ii) post separation and in-orbit insurance coverage of US$71.0 million to cover the event of a total loss in the period between the separation of the satellite from the launcher up to one year in orbit. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM also maintained general insurance coverage for motor vehicles of Rp.105.9 billion (US$10.8 million). TELKOM does not maintain business interruption insurance.
      TELKOM’s subsidiaries separately insure their property in such amounts and in accordance with the policies determined and implemented by the subsidiaries themselves. Telkomsel has an electronic equipment and industrial all-risk insurance policy underwritten by a consortium led by PT Asuransi Ramayana Tbk in the amount of US$2,789.2 million. The policy provides cover for Telkomsel’s network equipment, facilities, infrastructure and buildings although it excludes losses suffered as a result of war, civil war, rebellion, revolution, terrorism, insurrection or military or usurped power, amongst other exclusions. Telkomsel also has general insurance for motor vehicle liabilities and comprehensive general liabilities. Telkomsel does not maintain business interruption insurance.
Indonesian Telecommunications Industry
Overview
      Since 1961, telecommunications services in Indonesia have been provided by a succession of state-owned companies. As in other developing economies, the expansion and modernization of telecommu-

54

Table of Contents

nications infrastructure play an important role in Indonesia’s general economic development. Moreover, the nation’s large population and rapid economic growth have led to significant unmet demand for telecommunications services.
      The Government has extensive regulatory authority and supervisory control over the telecommunications sector, primarily through the MoCI. The Government has historically maintained a monopoly over telecommunications services within Indonesia. Recent reforms have attempted to create a regulatory framework to promote competition and accelerate the development of telecommunications facilities and infrastructure. The regulatory reforms embodied in new regulations, which came into effect on September 8, 2000, are intended to increase competition by removing monopolistic controls, increase the transparency and predictability of the regulatory framework, create opportunities for strategic alliances with foreign partners and facilitate the entrance of new participants to the industry. The deregulation of the telecommunications sector is closely linked to the national economic recovery program supported by the IMF.
      Fixed line and cellular penetration are low in Indonesia by international standards. As of December 31, 2005, Indonesia had an estimated fixed line penetration (excluding Indosat’s fixed wireless subscribers) of 5% and an estimated cellular penetration of 21%, according to an internal study.
      TELKOM believes that there are a number of trends in the telecommunications industry in Indonesia which include:
  • Continued growth. TELKOM believes the telecommunications industry will continue to grow, as continued development of Indonesia’s economy is expected to increase demand for telecommunications services.
 
  • Migration to wireless networks. TELKOM anticipates that wireless services will become increasingly popular as a result of wider coverage areas and improving wireless network quality, declining handset costs and the proliferation of prepaid services.
 
  • Increasing competition. TELKOM anticipates an increasingly competitive Indonesian telecommunications market as a result of the Government’s regulatory reforms.
Regulations
Overview
      The Government exercises both regulatory authority and supervisory control over the telecommunications industry in Indonesia. The legal framework for the telecommunications industry is based on specific laws, government regulations and ministerial decrees enacted and issued from time to time. The Government currently regulates the telecommunications sector through the MoCI. The MoCI is responsible for the overall supervision and regulation of the industry. Within the MoCI, various directorates and bureaus carry out specific regulatory duties. The MoCI has authority to issue implementing decrees, which are typically broad in scope, thereby giving the MoCI considerable latitude. Pursuant to such decrees, the MoCI defines the scope of exclusivity, formulates and approves tariffs, determines USOs and controls many factors affecting TELKOM’s competitive position, operations and financial condition. The MoCI, as regulator, has the authority to grant new licenses for the establishment of new joint ventures and other arrangements, particularly in the telecommunications sector.
      Prior to March 1998, the Ministry of Tourism, Post and Telecommunications (the “MTPT”) was responsible for the regulation of telecommunications in Indonesia, but, with reorganization of the Government following the 1999 General Elections, the MoC was given the regulatory responsibilities. In 2005, pursuant to a presidential decree, such regulatory responsibilities were transferred to the MoCI. Through the DGPT, a directorate under the MoCI, the Government regulates the radio frequency spectrum allocation for all operators, including TELKOM, which are required to obtain a license from the MoCI for each of their services utilizing radio frequency spectrum. All telecommunications

55

Table of Contents

operators are also required to pay for radio frequency spectrum usage. The Government also requires all telecommunications operators to pay a concession license fee of 1% of its collected operating revenues.
      The overall program of telecommunications sector deregulation is closely linked to the national economic recovery program supported by the IMF. The national plan is documented in the Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies (the “MEFP”), as further clarified in the Letters of Intent to the IMF in January and May 2000. The main focus of the MEFP is to stabilize the economy and regain trust through a comprehensive plan based on:
  •  Deregulation;
 
  •  Promoting competition;
 
  •  Liberalization;
 
  •  Restructuring;
 
  •  Improving market access; and
 
  •  Introducing market-oriented regulations.
      The Government’s telecommunications reform policy is formulated in its “Blueprint of the Indonesian Government’s Policy on Telecommunications”, as contained in the MoC’s Decree No. KM 72 of 1999 dated July 20, 1999 (the “Blueprint”). The policies stated in the Blueprint are intended to:
  •  Increase the sector’s performance in the era of globalization;
 
  •  Liberalize the sector with a competitive structure by removing monopolistic controls;
 
  •  Increase transparency and predictability of the regulatory framework;
 
  •  Create opportunities for national telecommunications operators to form strategic alliances with foreign partners;
 
  •  Create business opportunities for small and medium enterprises; and
 
  •  Facilitate new job opportunities.
      The recent regulatory reforms of the Indonesian telecommunications sector have their foundation in Telecommunications Law No. 36 of 1999, which came into effect on September 8, 2000 (the “Telecommunications Law”).
      On September 15, 2003 the Government issued the Economic Policy Package pursuant to Presidential Instruction No. 15 dated September 15, 2003. The Government intends to improve efficiency, capacity and equity in telecommunications by putting in place the infrastructure for an additional 3 million fixed lines and 43,000 fixed lines in remote areas. Further, on March 30, 2004, the MoC issued Announcement No.PM.2/2004 regarding the Implementation of the Telecommunications Sector Restructuring, which stated, among other matters, that the Government will require operators to install a minimum of 1.4 million lines in 2004 and 10.7 million lines by 2008.
Telecommunications Law
      The Telecommunications Law provides key guidelines for industry reforms, including industry liberalization, facilitation of new entrants and enhanced transparency and competition. Under the Indonesian regulatory framework, the Telecommunication Law only outlines the substantive principles of the subject matter. Detailed provisions implementing the Telecommunications Law will be provided in the implementation regulations consisting of Government regulations, ministerial decrees and decrees of the DGPT.

56

Table of Contents

      The new Telecommunications Law eliminates the concept of “organizing entities”, thus ending TELKOM’s and Indosat’s status as organizing entities with responsibility for coordinating domestic and international telecommunications services, respectively, for the industry. To enhance competition, the Telecommunications Law specifically prohibits monopolistic practices and unfair competition among telecommunications operators.
      The role of the Government is to become that of an impartial policy maker and supervisor of the telecommunications sector. As stipulated in the Telecommunications Law and in order to ensure transparency in the regulatory process, an independent regulatory body was established on July 11, 2003 to regulate, monitor and control the telecommunication industry. The Indonesian Telecommunications Regulatory Body (“ITRB”) is comprised of officials from the DGPT and the Committee of Telecommunication Regulations and is headed by the Director General of Post and Telecommunication Services. Members of the Committee of Telecommunication Regulations were appointed on December 19, 2003.
      MoC Decree No. 67/2003 stipulates the relationship between the MoC, from which telecommunications regulatory responsibility was transferred to the MoCI in February 2005, and ITRB. As part of its regulatory function, ITRB is authorized to (i) carry out the selection or evaluation for licensing of telecommunications networks and services in accordance with the MoCI’s policy, and (ii) propose to the MoCI the operation performance standards for telecommunications networks and services, service quality standards, interconnection charges and equipment standardization. As part of its monitoring function, the ITRB is authorized to monitor and is required to report to the MoCI on (i) the implementation of the operation performance standards for telecommunications networks and services, (ii) the competition among network and service operators, and (iii) compliance with the utilization of telecommunication equipment in accordance to the applicable standards. As part of its controlling function, the ITRB is also authorized and required to report to the MoCI regarding (i) the facilitation of any dispute resolution among network and service operators, and (ii) the control of the use of telecommunications equipment and implementation of service quality standards. Decisions of the ITRB are in the form of a DGPT decree.
New Service Categories
      The Telecommunications Law classifies telecommunications providers into three categories: (i) telecommunications network providers; (ii) telecommunications services providers; and (iii) special telecommunications providers. Under these categories, telecommunications network operations and/or provision of telecommunications services may be carried out by any legal entity established for that purpose.
      Under the Telecommunications Law, licenses are required for each category of telecommunications service. A telecommunications network provider is licensed to own and/or operate a telecommunications network. A telecommunications service provider is licensed to provide services by leasing network capacity from other network providers. Special telecommunications licenses are required for providers of private telecommunications services for purposes relating to broadcasting and national security interests. MoC Decree No. KM 20/2001 (as amended by Decree No. KM 29/2004) and MoC Decree No. KM 21/2001 (as amended by Decree No. KM 30/2004) implement the provisions of the Telecommunications Law regarding these new categories of telecommunications network and services operations.
Modern License
      Pursuant to the Telecommunications Law the existing licenses for telecommunication services were replaced with the so-called “Modern Licenses”, which TELKOM received in May 2004. In addition to granting the license holder the right to provide telecommunication services, the Modern License also imposes certain mandatory obligations on the license holder. These obligations include, among others, construction obligations, service obligations, network performance obligations and contributing 0.75%

57

Table of Contents

of their gross revenues for Universal Service Obligations (“USO”). The license holder is required to fulfill the mandatory obligations set forth in its Modern License and the failure to comply with such obligations may result in the revocation of its Modern License. TELKOM’s separate licenses to provide fixed line services, DLD services and IDD services were replaced and combined into a single license issued on May 13, 2004. TELKOM also has a multimedia license that includes services such as Internet service provider, data communication and VoIP.
Exclusivity
      Under the previous regulatory regime that precedes the Telecommunications Law, TELKOM was granted a monopoly to provide domestic local fixed line telecommunications services until December 31, 2010 and domestic long-distance telecommunications services until December 31, 2005. Indosat and Satelindo (prior to the merger of Satelindo into Indosat in November 2003) were granted a duopoly for exclusive provision of basic international telecommunications services until 2004.
      The Telecommunications Law did not expressly terminate the existing exclusivity rights of TELKOM and Indosat. In an effort to support the undertakings of TELKOM and Indosat during their respective initial public offerings and to maintain the Government’s credibility among foreign investors, the Government announced that termination of the exclusivity rights would be subject to agreement between the relevant incumbents and the Government, whereby incumbents would be eligible for compensation in exchange for early termination of these exclusivity rights.
      On August 1, 2001, the Government through the DGPT, announced the early termination of TELKOM’s and Indosat’s exclusivity rights for local and domestic-long distance telecommunications services (in the case of TELKOM) and IDD (in the case of Indosat). The announcement stated that it is the Government’s intention that Indosat would receive a license to provide local telephone services and a license to provide domestic long-distance and that TELKOM would receive a license to provide IDD services at the end of 2003. The Government appointed an appraiser to resolve differences of opinion regarding the amount of compensation to be provided to TELKOM and Indosat for early termination of their exclusivity rights. On March 30, 2004, the MoC announced that the Government shall pay to TELKOM Rp.478 billion (net of taxes) as compensation. The Parliament approved Rp.478 billion as such compensation, which payment will be made over a 5-year period. See Item 3. “Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Relating to TELKOM and its Subsidiaries — TELKOM operates in a legal and regulatory environment that is undergoing significant reforms and such reforms may adversely affect TELKOM’s business.”
      As affirmed by the Government, TELKOM received a commercial license to provide IDD services, which was issued on May 13, 2004. Indosat received a commercial license to provide local telephone services, which was issued in August 2002, and a commercial license to provide domestic long-distance services, which was issued on May 13, 2004.
Competition
      Despite the termination of exclusivity rights, the Government does not prohibit or discourage operators from attaining a dominant position with regard to telecommunications services. The Government, however, does prohibit operators from abusing a dominant position. On March 11, 2004, the MoC issued Decree No. 33/2004, which sets forth measures to prohibit the abuse of their dominant position by network and service providers. Dominant providers are determined based on factors such as their scope of business, coverage area of services and whether they control a particular market. Specifically, the Decree prohibits a dominant provider from engaging in practices such as dumping, predatory pricing, cross-subsidies, compelling consumers to use such provider’s services (to the exclusion of competitors) and hampering mandatory interconnection (including discriminating against specific providers).

58

Table of Contents

Interconnection
      Pursuant to the express prohibitions on activities that may create monopolistic practices and unfair business competition, the Telecommunications Law provides for fair interconnection of networks to allow “any to any connectivity”. Interconnection fees are to be agreed by each network provider and calculated in a transparent manner. The Telecommunications Law provides guidance with respect to the interconnection scheme between telecommunication network providers. Currently, interconnection costs paid for interconnection with TELKOM’s fixed line network vary, depending on the type of interconnected operator (e.g. IDD, cellular, fixed wireline, fixed wireless or satellite), and are determined in accordance with MoC Decree No. 46/1998 (IDD and IDD, DLD and DLD, cellular and DLD, cellular and cellular, cellular and IDD), as amended by MoC Decree No. 37/1999 (DLD and IDD) and MoC Decree No. KU506/1997 (fixed wireline and fixed wireless). For IDD and satellite operators, interconnection costs are based on termination and origination charges. Interconnection costs for fixed wireline and fixed wireless operators are based on revenue sharing fixed under Decree No. KU506/1997. Interconnection costs paid by mobile cellular operators are based principally on negotiations between the network providers and in the event no agreement is reached by the providers, the interconnection costs are to be determined in accordance with MoC Decree No. 46/1998.
      On February 8, 2006, the MoCI issued Regulation No. 8/2006, which mandates a new cost-based interconnection tariff scheme for all telecommunications network and services operators, and amends and supercedes MoC Decree No. 46/1998, MoC Decree No. 37/1999 and MoC Decree No. KU506/1997. Under the new scheme, the operator of the network on which calls terminate would determine the interconnection charge to be received by it based on a formula to be mandated by the Government, which would be intended to have the effect of requiring that operators charge for calls based on the costs of carrying such calls. Pursuant to Regulation No. 8/2006, each telecommunication network operator is required to prepare and submit to the ITRB a reference interconnect offer (the “RIO”), which must prescribe the type of interconnection services offered by the network operators and the tariffs charged for each of the offered services. Such calculated interconnection charges must be presented in a RIO and reported to the ITRB. TELKOM submitted its RIO in April 2006. ITRB is expected to complete its review of RIOs submitted by large network operators, including TELKOM, by July 2006. The new interconnection tariff scheme will become effective on January 1, 2007. Pursuant a transition clause in the Regulation, existing interconnection agreements remain valid as long as the parties to the agreements so agree and to the extent that the existing agreements do not conflict with the Regulation. This new regulation is intended to ensure that interconnection among network operators is conducted on the basis of the principles of transparency and non-discrimination. To reflect the new cost-based interconnection scheme, TELKOM expects to enter into amendments to its existing interconnection arrangements with other network operators, including Indosat. Negotiations pertaining to such amendments are scheduled to commence in August 2006 and be finalized by the end of 2006. See Item 3. “Key Information” — D. Risk Factors — Risks relating to TELKOM and its subsidiaries — TELKOM operates in a legal and regulatory environment that is undergoing significant reforms and such reforms may adversely affect TELKOM’s business”.
DLD and IDD Services
      Historically, DLD and IDD services could only be offered by TELKOM and Indosat, respectively (See — “Exclusivity”). After the Government terminated the exclusivity rights of TELKOM and Indosat, it stated its intention to allow TELKOM to offer IDD services and Indosat to offer DLD services, as well as allowing greater competition in the market for DLD and IDD services. On March 11, 2004, the MoC issued Decree No. KM 28/2004, Decree No. KM 29/2004 and Decree No. KM 30/2004, which implemented the new policy regarding IDD and DLD services. Under these Decrees:
  •  DLD and IDD network operators may offer DLD and IDD service as part of basic telephony service;
 
  •  Each DLD and IDD operator must use a distinct 3-digit access code for its DLD and IDD service;

59

Table of Contents

  •  Customers may freely select their DLD and IDD providers; and
 
  •  DLD and IDD fixed telecommunication network operators (currently only TELKOM and Indosat) may now provide DLD and IDD basic telephony services.
      TELKOM has been granted authority to use “007” as its IDD access code. Based on Decree No. 28/2004, TELKOM, which currently uses “0” as the access code for its DLD service, was required by March 1, 2005 to cease using the “0” access code and to implement a three digit access code in the form of “01X” for access to its DLD service. However, TELKOM has not within the given deadline implemented, and does not expect to in the near future to implement, a three digit access code, as extensive installation or upgrade of equipment will be required. TELKOM expects to incur significant costs in connection with the new requirement to establish three digit DLD access codes, including expenditures required to install or upgrade new switching facilities, create a new routing database, costs relating to customer education and other marketing costs. In response to the MoC Decree No. 28/2004, in June 2004, TELKOM submitted a letter to the ITRB highlighting the technical difficulties in implementing the three digit DLD access codes within the given deadline and the substantial costs involved, and requesting that TELKOM be allowed to continue using the “0” prefix for its DLD access prefix and that it be given an additional five year period to implement the three digit DLD access codes. On April 1, 2005, the MoCI announced that it would make available to Indosat the “011” DLD access in five major cities that were technically ready for interconnection, including Jakarta, and progressively extend it to all other area codes within five years. TELKOM has also been assigned “017” as its DLD access code. On March 31, 2005, TELKOM and Indosat entered into an amended interconnection agreement, extending the coverage of their local fixed line network from Jakarta, Surabaya and Malang to cover Medan, Batam, Bandung, Bogor, Balikpapan, Yogyakarta and their surrounding areas. This amendment also allows automatic renewal of local coverage without entering into further amendments, except when there is a change in the business scheme, such as a change in the tariff scheme or a change in the settlement method from call-by-call basis to wholesale basis. On September 23, 2005, TELKOM and Indosat entered into an interconnection agreement related to interconnection between (i) TELKOM’s local fixed line network and Indosat’s long-distance fixed line network; (ii) Indosat’s local fixed line network and TELKOM’s long-distance fixed line network; (iii) TELKOM’s and Indosat’s long-distance fixed line networks; (iv) TELKOM’s domestic fixed line network and Indosat’s international fixed line network; and (v) Indosat’s local fixed line network and TELKOM’s international fixed line network, with the interconnection tariff being calculated on a call-by-call basis. Six cities, which include Medan, Batam, Jakarta, Surabaya, Balikpapan and Denpasar, are covered under this interconnection agreement. On December 1, 2005, TELKOM and Indosat entered into another interconnection agreement enabling each party’s customers to make domestic calls between Indosat’s mobile network and TELKOM’s fixed line network and allowing Indosat’s mobile customers to access TELKOM’s IDD service by dialing “007”. This agreement overrides all existing interconnection agreements on mobile and fixed line network between TELKOM and Indosat. In the five-year interim period and thereafter, the “0” prefix may continue to be used by all operators, including TELKOM, as default codes for each operator’s customers to access the DLD service selected by the respective operator.
      On May 17, 2005, the MoCI issued decree No. 6/2005. According to Decree No. 6/2005, the three digit access code in the form of “01X” and “0” access code for access to DLD services may be used. The “0” access code is being used to accommodate customers who prefer not to choose their long-distance carrier, while the “01X” access code has to be implemented gradually in local areas in which TELKOM has technical capabilities to support such services. By April 1, 2010, the “01X” long-distance services must be commenced in all TELKOM’s local areas to accommodate customers who prefer to choose their long-distance carrier.
     Indonesian Telecommunications Regulatory Body
      On July 11, 2003, the Indonesian Telecommunications Regulatory Body (“ITRB”) was established as the implementing agency of the Telecommunications Law. Under MoC Decree No. KM 31/2003, the ITRB is authorized to regulate, monitor and control the operations of the telecommunications sector.

60

Table of Contents

The ITRB is composed of officials from the DGPT and the Committee of Telecommunication Regulations. Combined with further privatization of TELKOM and Indosat, the establishment of such an independent regulatory body is intended to reduce the Government’s role in the telecommunications industry from that of being the telecommunications industry’s financier, operator, regulator and licenser to becoming primarily the industry’s licenser and regulator.
      In 2003 the MoC also announced the establishment of the Telecommunication Traffic Clearing System (“SKTT”), which will assist the ITRB in the performance of its functions and which will be responsible for all interconnection matters. It is expected that through the SKTT, the ITRB will obtain accurate data about the profile of interconnection traffic among operators so as to ensure transparency in the charging of interconnection fees. The actual operation of the SKTT will be undertaken by PT Pratama Jaringan Nusantara, a private entity selected by the MoC on February 18, 2004, which will act under the supervision and control of the ITRB. As of the date of this Annual Report, the SKTT has not commenced operations.
     Consumer Protection
      Under the Telecommunications Law, each operator must provide guarantees for consumer protection in relation to quality of services, usage or service fees, compensation and other matters. The law also allows customers injured or damaged by negligent operations to file claims against negligent providers.
     Universal Service Obligations
      Under the Telecommunications Law, all telecommunications network operators and service providers are bound by a Universal Service Obligation, which requires such network operators and telecommunication service providers to make contribution towards providing universal telecommunication facilities and infrastructure or other forms of compensation. On September 3, 2003, the DGPT issued a letter stating that telecommunications operators in Indonesia will be required to contribute 0.75% of gross revenues (with due consideration for bad debt and interconnection charges) for USO development. On March 11, 2004, the MoC issued Decree No. 34/2004, which stated that USO facilities must meet the following minimum requirements: (a) the facilities should meet the standards of basic telephony services, including facsimile and dial-up Internet services; (b) the facilities should provide basic public telephony services, with domestic long-distance, international and mobile access; (c) the facilities should provide telecommunication services that are capable to transmit and receive data; (d) the facilities should be accessible for emergency services; and (e) the facilities should utilize equipment that has been certified by the DGPT. Tariffs for services provided under the USO program are based on the applicable PSTN tariffs. On March 30, 2004, the MoC issued Announcement No. PM. 2/2004, which sets forth the basic policies underlying the USO program and required telecommunications operators in Indonesia to contribute 0.75% of gross revenues (with due consideration for bad debt and interconnection charges) for USO development. On September 30, 2005, the MoCI issued Regulation No. 15/2005 which provides that the USO contribution in the amount of 0.75% of the gross revenues is to be made payable per quarter, per semester or annually, at the latest on March 31 of the following year, to the State Treasury through a certain determined account. As of April 30, 2006, TELKOM and its subsidiaries have paid Rp.213.1 billion out of total USO amount payable of Rp.307.7 billion for the fiscal year 2005.
Implementing Regulations
      To date, the Government has issued several implementing regulations relating to the Telecommunications Law, including Government Regulation No. 52/2000 (“Operation of Telecommunications”) and Government Regulation No. 53/2000 (“Utilization of Radio Frequency Spectrum and Satellite Orbit”), as well as ministerial decrees, including No. KM 20/2001 (“Operation of Telecommunications Networks”), No. KM 21/2001 (“Operation of Telecommunications Services”), No. KM 12/2002 (“Completing MPPT Decree No. KM. 79/PR-301/MPPT-95 on Procedures for the Tariff Adjustment of

61

Table of Contents

Domestic Basic Telecommunications Services”), No. KM 40/2002 (“Guidance for Tariff Implementation of State Revenue on Tax from Cost of Utilization Right of Radio Frequency Spectrum”), No. KM 23/2002 (“Internet Telephony Service for Public”), No. KM 31/2003 (“Indonesian Telecommunication Regulatory Body”), No. KM 28/2004 (“Amendments to the Decree of the Minister of Communication No. KM. 4/2001 of Fundamental Technical Plan National 2000), No. KM 29/2004 (“Amendments to the Decree of the Minister of Communication No. 20 of 2001 on the Provision of Telecommunication Network”), No. KM 30/2004 (“Amendments to the Decree of the Minister of Communication No. 21 of 2001 on the provision of Telecommunication Services”), No. KM 31/2004 (“Amendment to the Decree of the Minister of Communication No. 23/2002 on the Provisions of Internet Telephony Services for Public Needs”), No. KM 32/2004 (“Interconnection Charges for Telecommunication”), No. KM 33/2004 (“Supervision of Fair Competition in the Provision of Fixed Network and Basic Telephony Services”), No. KM 34/2004 (“Universal Service Obligation”), No. KM 35/2004 (“Provision of Wireless Local Fixed Network with Limited Mobility”), MoCI Regulation No. 6/2005 (“Second Amendments to the Decree of the Minister of Communication No. KM 4/2001 of Fundamental Technical Plan National 2000”), MoCI Regulation No. 7/2005 (“Second Amendments to the Decree of the Minister of Communication No. KM 23/2002 on Internet Telephony Service for Public”), MoCI Regulation No. 13/2005 (“Operation of Telecommunications using Satellite”), MoCI Regulation No. 15/2005 (“Implementing Guidance on Tariff for Non-Tax State Income from USO Contribution”), MoCI Regulation No. 23/2005 (“Prepaid Card Registration”), MoCI Regulation No. 24/2005 (“Provision of Value Added Features”), MoCI Regulation No. 01/2006 (“Operation of Radio Frequency Band 2.1 GHz for Cellular Network) and MoCI Regulation No. 8/2006 (“Interconnection”). The MoCI and DGPT are in the process of finalizing a number of additional ministerial decrees that are intended to implement other aspects of the Telecommunications Law, including decrees relating to special telecommunications operations and implementation of the cost-based interconnection system.
Satellite regulation
      The international satellite industry is highly regulated. In addition to being subject to domestic licensing and regulation in Indonesia such as for the use of orbital slots and radio frequencies, the placement and operation of TELKOM’s satellites are also subject to registration with the Radio Communications Bureau of the International Telecommunications Union and the Intelsat consultation process.
Fixed Wireless Access regulation
      On March 11, 2004, the MoC issued Decree No. 35/2004, which provides that only fixed network operators holding licenses issued by the MoC and using radio frequency access networks may offer fixed wireless access service. In addition, the decree states that each fixed wireless access provider must provide basic telephony services. However, a fixed wireless access provider can only provide fixed wireless access service within its designated area code. Further, fixed wireless access service may not incorporate roaming and auto mutation features. Accordingly, customers cannot use their fixed wireless access phones to make or receive calls when they are located outside their respective area codes.
Competition
     Fixed Wireline and Fixed Wireless
      Historically, TELKOM had the exclusive right to provide fixed line domestic telecommunications services in Indonesia. Pursuant to regulations introduced to implement the Telecommunications Law, the Government terminated TELKOM’s monopoly in providing fixed line domestic telecommunications services. The MoC issued Indosat a license to provide local telephone services from August 2002. On May 13, 2004, Indosat received its commercial license to provide domestic long-distance telephone services. Indosat launched its CDMA fixed wireless access service under the brand name “StarOne” in Surabaya on May 29, 2004 and in Jakarta on July 25, 2004, thereby creating a “duopoly system” in

62

Table of Contents

Indonesia’s fixed line domestic telecommunications market. As of December 31, 2005, Indosat is able to provide nationwide DLD services through its CDMA-based fixed wireless network, its own fixed line network and its interconnection arrangements with TELKOM. Based on the interconnection agreement between TELKOM and Indosat dated September 23, 2005, TELKOM has agreed to open interconnection with Indosat’s local fixed line service in certain areas such as Jakarta, Surabaya, Batam, Medan, Balikpapan and Denpasar. To date, Indosat has expanded the coverage of its local fixed network to Bogor and Denpasar. Indosat also commenced offering limited domestic long-distance services for calls within its network in late 2004.
      TELKOM’s fixed line services also faces direct and indirect competition from mobile cellular services, fixed cellular services, SMS, VoIP services and e-mail. TELKOM expects that the increasing uses of these services may adversely affect future demand for its fixed line services.
     Cellular
      As of the date of this Annual Report, the cellular market in Indonesia is dominated by Telkomsel, Indosat and Excelcomindo. As of December 31, 2005, these nationwide GSM operators collectively had over 90% of the Indonesian cellular market. The number of GSM cellular subscribers in Indonesia totaled approximately 30.4 million at the end of 2004 and approximately 47.1 million at the end of 2005, representing an annual growth rate of approximately 55% during that period. Despite this rapid growth, the cellular penetration rate in Indonesia, at approximately 21% at the end of 2005, has remained relatively low compared to many other countries. During the last two years, competition among cellular operators has intensified.
      As part of the elimination of TELKOM’s and Indosat’s cross-shareholdings in several telecommunications companies in 2001, TELKOM sold its 22.5% interest in Satelindo to Indosat and Indosat sold its 35% interest in Telkomsel to TELKOM. This has resulted in the cellular market becoming more competitive as contemplated by the Blueprint and the Telecommunications Law.
      GSM mobile cellular operators compete principally on the basis of pricing, brand, network coverage, distribution, technology, value-added services and service quality. TELKOM believes that Telkomsel is able to compete effectively in the Indonesian cellular market due to the quality and coverage of its mobile cellular network and the strength of its brand name.
      TELKOM’s new CDMA-based fixed wireless phone service, TELKOMFlexi, which offers limited mobility and charges customers at PSTN tariff rates that are substantially lower than tariffs for cellular services, may over time offer a competitive alternative to GSM services and attract Telkomsel customers that prefer lower tariff rates in exchange for limited mobility. See Item 3. “Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risk Relating to TELKOM and its subsidiaries — Regulators and other telecommunications operators may challenge TELKOM’s ability to apply PSTN tariffs to its new CDMA-based fixed wireless phone service, which is marketed under the brand name TELKOMFlexi”.
      As of December 31, 2005, Telkomsel remained the largest national licensed provider of GSM services in Indonesia, with approximately 24.3 million cellular subscribers and a market share of approximately 52% of the GSM mobile cellular market, which represented a slight decrease compared to its approximately 54% market share as of December 31, 2004. Indosat, as a result of its merger with Satelindo, was the second largest provider with approximately 14.5 million cellular subscribers and a market share of approximately 31% as of December 31, 2005. Excelcomindo had approximately 7.0 million subscribers and a market share of approximately 13% as of December 31, 2005. Since 2003, Mobile 8 has also operated a nationwide CDMA mobile cellular service. Mobile 8 had approximately 1.2 million subscribers and a market share of approximately 2.5% as of December 31, 2005. In addition to the nationwide GSM operators, a number of smaller regional GSM, analog and CDMA cellular providers operate in Indonesia.

63

Table of Contents

      The following table sets forth summary information as of December 31, 2005 on each of the three leading nationwide licensed GSM mobile cellular operators:
Nationwide Licensed GSM Mobile Cellular Operators in Indonesia
             
    Operator
     
    Telkomsel   Indosat   Excelcomindo
             
Launch date
   May 1995   November 1994(2)   October 1996
Licensed frequency bandwidth (GSM 900 & 1800)
   30 MHz   30 MHz   25 MHz
Licensed coverage
   Nationwide   Nationwide   Nationwide
Network coverage
   Nationwide   Information not available   Information not available
Market share (as of December 31, 2005)(1)
   52%   31%   13%
Subscribers (as of December 31, 2005)(1)
   24.3 million   14.5 million   7.0 million
 
(1)  Estimated, based on statistics compiled by TELKOM.
(2)  In November 2003, Indosat and Satelindo merged, and Indosat has taken over Satelindo’s cellular operations.
     IDD
      On August 1, 2001, the Government through the DGPT, announced the early termination of Indosat’s exclusivity rights for IDD. The announcement stated the Government’s intention that TELKOM would receive a commercial license to provide IDD services by the end of 2003. Although TELKOM only received its commercial license on May 13, 2004, it had already made necessary preparations to provide IDD services even prior to the receipt of such license and on June 7, 2004 TELKOM began offering IDD fixed line services to customers. TELKOM has upgraded some switching to have International Gateway capabilities in Batam, Jakarta and Surabaya. These gateways have received certificates of operation (sertifikat ULO) from the DGPT. In order to connect with overseas operators, TELKOM has built two microwave links to connect Batam-Singapore and Batam-Pangerang (Malaysia). In addition, TELKOM, SingTel and CAT developed the TIS submarine cable system in 2003 connecting Batam, Singapore and Thailand. TELKOM has also signed an agreement with Telekom Malaysia Berhad for the deployment and maintenance of a new submarine optical cable to connect Dumai (Indonesia) to Melaka (Malaysia), which was completed in December 2004. TELKOM also extended its international cable by purchasing bandwidth capacity to connect with Hong Kong and TELKOM utilizes this capacity to connect to other countries, such as the United States. TELKOM also completed developing the ground segment to connect to the Intelsat Satellite in December 2004. As a new player in IDD, TELKOM cooperates with some global operators to get direct or indirect connection to reach all offshore destinations. All these preparations have allowed TELKOM to begin offering customers IDD fixed line services on June 7, 2004.
     VoIP
      TELKOM formally launched its VoIP services in September 2002. VoIP uses data communications to transfer voice traffic over the Internet, which usually provides substantial cost savings to subscribers. In addition to TELKOM, Excelcomindo, Indosat, Atlasat, Gaharu and PT Satria Widya Prima provide VoIP services in Indonesia. Other unlicensed operators also provide VoIP services that may be accessed through the Internet as well as from software that allows PC-to-PC voice communications through the Internet. VoIP operators offering international services also compete with IDD operators, such as Indosat and, beginning on June 7, 2004, TELKOM.
      VoIP operators compete primarily on the basis of pricing and service quality. Certain VoIP operators have started offering services such as budget calls and prepaid calling cards, which is expected to result in greater competition among VoIP operators and other IDD service providers.

64

Table of Contents

     Satellite
      In recent years, competition in the Asia-Pacific satellite business has been intense. Companies in this business compete primarily on coverage power, product offerings and price. The Indonesian satellite industry is loosely regulated and in practice operates in accordance with an “open-sky” policy. This means that Indonesian satellite operators must compete with foreign satellite operators.
     Other
      During the last three years, competition with respect to multimedia, Internet, and data communications-related services has intensified principally due to the issuance of new licenses as a result of the deregulation of the Indonesian telecommunications industry. TELKOM expects competition to continue to intensify. Multimedia, Internet and data communications-related service providers in Indonesia compete principally on the basis of price, range of services provided, network quality, network coverage and customer service quality.
     Licenses
      The Telecommunications Law requires telecommunication network operators and telecommunication service operators, including TELKOM, to obtain licenses to operate telecommunications networks and provide telecommunications services.
      Fixed wireline and fixed wireless. TELKOM provided local and domestic long-distance fixed line services based on Government Regulation No. 25/1991 and Government Regulation No. 8/1993, which permits TELKOM to provide basic and non-basic fixed line telecommunications services. Based on MoC Decree No. KM 39/1993 concerning basic telecommunication operation, TELKOM was permitted to enter into joint operation schemes (KSO) with its existing KSO partners for the provision of fixed line services in their respective regions. The Government has amended certain of TELKOM’s fixed line licenses to comply with the new Telecommunication Law, and TELKOM received its Modern License to provide fixed line services, DLD services and IDD services on May 13, 2004. TELKOM also provides its fixed wireless services pursuant to its authorization to provide fixed line services and applies PSTN tariffs for this service, which are substantially lower than those for cellular services. TELKOM’s ability to provide fixed wireless services at PSTN tariff rates may be challenged by regulators, other cellular operators and cellular trade associations. See Item 3. “Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks relating to TELKOM and its subsidiaries — Regulators and other telecommunications operators may challenge TELKOM’s ability to apply PSTN tariffs to its new CDMA-based fixed wireless phone service, which is marketed under the brand name TELKOMFlexi.”
      Cellular. Telkomsel holds licenses to operate a nationwide GSM mobile cellular telephone network, to use 7.5 MHz of radio frequency bandwidth in the 900 MHz band and to use 22.5 MHz of radio frequency bandwidth in the 1800 MHz band. Telkomsel also holds licenses from the Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board that permit Telkomsel to develop cellular services with national coverage, including the expansion of its network capacity. In addition, Telkomsel holds permits and licenses from and registrations with certain regional governments and/ or governmental agencies, primarily in connection with its operations in such regions, the properties it owns and/ or the construction and use of its base transceiver stations.
      Third-Generation Mobile Telecommunications System (3G). In February 2006, the Indonesian Government conducted the tender for three radio frequency spectrum licenses of 2.1 GHz, each having a bandwidth of 5 MHz, to be used in conjunction with the new licenses to operate nation-wide 3G cellular telecommunication network in Indonesia. The winning bidders would become the operators of 3G cellular telecommunication networks along with two existing license holders (HCPT and PT Lippo Telekom) that had received the 3G licences through a competitive bid in 2003. On February 14, 2006, under MoCI Regulation No. 19/2006, the 3G licenses were awarded to Telkomsel, Indosat and Excelcomindo. As winning bidders, Telkomsel, Indosat and Excelcomindo are subject to an upfront fee of up to 200% of the bidding price, payable within 30 business days of the award.

65

Table of Contents

Telkomsel, Indosat and Excelcomindo are also subject to a radio frequency spectrum usage fee of up to 20% of the tender price for the first year, 40% of the tender price for the second year, 60% of the tender price for the third year, 100% of the tender price for the fourth year, and 130% of the tender price for the fifth and each subsequent year. The tender price is the lowest price of the three highest offers, which is Rp.160 billion.
      IDD. TELKOM received, as part of its Modern License, its commercial license to provide IDD services on May 13, 2004 pursuant to the terms of MoC Decree No. KP 162/2004.
      VoIP and ISP. TELKOM holds a Modern License to provide VoIP and ISP services, pursuant to a DGPT Decree No. SK01/dirjen/2004, which also permits TELKOM to provide data communications services.
     Tariffs and Interconnection Charges
      The Government divides tariffs into two categories:
  •  Tariffs for the provision of telecommunications services; and
 
  •  Tariffs for provision of telecommunications networks.
     Tariffs for the Provision of Telecommunications Services
      Generally, the MoCI regulates prices and the amount TELKOM can charge is based on a tariff formula for telecommunications services in Indonesia. Telecommunications operators may set the amount of tariff. In this regard, TELKOM’s operating business units have authority to make adjustments to prices based on specific guidelines fixed by the directors of TELKOM.
     Fixed Wireline Tariffs
      Fixed wireline tariffs consist of monthly subscription and usage charges. The Government establishes fixed wireline tariffs by reference to a price cap formula that calculates the maximum average percentage increase in fixed wireline tariffs for a particular year. The maximum increase typically equals the Indonesian Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the preceding year, as published by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics, minus an efficiency factor (the “X-factor”), which the Government determines by taking into consideration certain factors including improvements in the cost efficiency of the services resulting from technological improvements, management efficiency, changes in the Rupiah-U.S. Dollar exchange rate, the interests of affected telecommunications operators and the purchasing power of customers.
      In calculating the maximum total percentage increase in tariffs for a particular year, the tariff components for installation, monthly charges and usage charges are weighted in proportion to the contribution made to total revenue of those services (basket revenues) in the prior year. The weighted average increase in prices charged for the services for any year must be equal to or less than the price cap percentage. In addition to tariff increases, the tariff components can also be “rebalanced” from time to time such that the tariffs for monthly and usage charges increase at different rates or certain tariffs decrease while others increase.
      On January 29, 2002, the MoC announced that fixed wireline tariffs would be increased by an average of 45.49% over three years. Effective February 1, 2002, the MoC increased fixed wireline tariffs by a weighted average of 15%. Although fixed wireline tariffs were expected to be increased again effective January 1, 2003, public opposition following the announcement by TELKOM of tariff increases led to the suspension on January 16, 2003 of the implementation of such increases. See Item 3. “Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks relating to TELKOM and its subsidiaries — TELKOM operates in a legal and regulatory environment that is undergoing significant reforms and such reforms may adversely affect TELKOM’s business”.

66

Table of Contents

      On March 30, 2004, the Government announced that it would allow operators to rebalance their tariffs, with the resulting weighted average of tariffs increasing by 9%. As a result, TELKOM has adjusted its fixed wireline and fixed wireless tariffs, with local charges increasing by 28.2%, DLD tariffs decreasing by an average of 10.6% and monthly subscription charges increasing by varying amounts from 12.1% to 25.1%.
      The current tariffs chargeable by TELKOM, which became effective on April 1, 2004, are as follows:
Tariff Rate Schedule (effective April 1, 2004):
Installation and Monthly Charges:
             
Access charges   Business   Residential   Social
             
    (Rp.)   (Rp.)   (Rp.)
Installation
   175,000 – 450,000   75,000 – 295,000   50,000 – 205,000
Monthly Subscription
   38,400 – 57,600   20,600 – 32,600   12,500 – 18,500
Usage charges:
         
    Price per Pulse   Pulse Duration
         
    (Rp.)    
Local
        
Up to 20 km
   250   3 min (off peak) and 2 min (peak)
Over 20 km
   250   2 min (off peak) and 1.5 min (peak)
                 
        Rounding Time
    Price Per Minute   Block Duration
         
    (Rp.)    
Domestic Long-distance
                
0-20 km
     83 – 122       1 minute  
20-30 km
     122 – 163       1 minute  
30-200 km
     325 – 1,290       6 sec  
200-500 km
     460 – 1,815       6 sec  
Over 500 km
     570 – 2,270       6 sec  
      The Government did not carry out its plan to further increase fixed wireline tariffs to reach the 45.49% average increase announced in January 2002 by January 2005. In an announcement by the MoCI on April 1, 2005 regarding access codes, the MoCI indicated that there would be another rebalancing of tariffs in the future. TELKOM proposed the new tariff rebalancing plan to the ITRB on October 27, 2005. The plan is still being discussed. TELKOM is uncertain as to whether or when the tariff balancing is going to be implemented.
     CDMA Fixed Wireless Tariffs
      Tariffs charged to CDMA fixed wireless subscribers are reported as fixed line revenues. TELKOM offers both postpaid and prepaid fixed wireless services.
      Postpaid. Postpaid subscribers pay a one-time activation charge of Rp.25,000 and a monthly charge of Rp.30,000. Usage charges for postpaid subscribers beginning April 1, 2004 are as follows:
Usage charges:
                 
    Price Per Pulse   Pulse Duration
         
    (Rp.)    
Local
     250       2 min (off peak) and 1.5 min (peak)  

67

Table of Contents

                 
        Rounding Time
    Price Per Minute   Block Duration
         
    (Rp.)    
Domestic Long-distance
                
0-200 km
     325 – 1,290       6 sec  
200-500 km
     460 – 1,815       6 sec  
Over 500 km
     570 – 2,270       6 sec  
      For SMS, postpaid subscribers are charged Rp.250 per message. Postpaid subscribers who use TELKOM Internet access via wireless dial-up are charged Rp.165 per minute. Postpaid subscribers who use Public Data Network based dedicated lines for Internet access are charged Rp.5 per KBps.
      Prepaid. Usage charges for prepaid subscribers, effective February 10, 2004, including VAT of 10%, are summarized as follows:
Usage charges:
             
        Rounding Time
    Price Per Minute   Block Duration
         
    (Rp.)    
Flexi to Flexi/Fixed Wireline:
            
Local
   260     30 sec  
Domestic Long-distance
            
0-200 km
   700 – 1,100     30 sec  
Over 200 km
   1,600 – 2,500     30 sec  
Flexi to mobile cellular:
            
Local
   650 – 810     30 sec  
Domestic Long-distance
            
0-200 km
   1,100 – 1,540     30 sec  
Over 200 km
   2,250 – 3,150     30 sec  
      For SMS, prepaid subscribers are charged Rp.350 per message. Prepaid subscribers who use TELKOM Internet access via wireless dial-up are charged Rp.350 per minute.
     IDD Tariffs
      TELKOM commenced offering IDD fixed line services on June 7, 2004. Tariffs for IDD calls are set by service providers, subject to specified maximum limits established by the Government. As of the date of this Annual Report, TELKOM’s IDD tariffs are as follows:
                 
        Rounding Time
Region   Price Per Minute   Block Duration
         
    (Rp.)    
Africa
     5,090 – 6,440       6 sec  
Americas and Caribbean
     5,090 – 7,470       6 sec  
Asia and Oceania
     4,410 – 9,630       6 sec  
Europe
     5,090 – 9,630       6 sec  
Middle East
     5,090 – 8,460       6 sec  
     Cellular Tariffs
      The Indonesian cellular telecommunications market generally operates on a “calling party pays” system, which requires that the originators of telephone calls pay for calls. Cellular operators in Indonesia set their own tariffs, subject to specified maximum limits established by the Government. On

68

Table of Contents

February 8, 2006, the MoCI issued Decree No. 8/2006, which mandates the new cost-based interconnection tariff scheme for all telecommunications network and services operators. This scheme becomes effective on January 1, 2007. See Item 3. “Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks relating to TELKOM and its subsidiaries — TELKOM operates in a legal and regulatory environment that is undergoing significant reforms and such reforms may adversely affect TELKOM’s business” and Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Review — Indonesian Telecommunications Industry — Regulations — Interconnection”.
      Postpaid Tariffs. The cellular tariffs for postpaid subscription services consist of activation, monthly subscription and usage charges. The following table sets forth the maximum cellular tariffs for postpaid services, effective February 25, 1998:
Mobile Cellular Tariff (maximum postpaid tariff):
       
Activation
   Rp.200,000
Monthly Charge (including frequency charge)
   Rp.65,000/month
Usage Charge:
    
 
Air Time
   Rp.325/minute
 
Roaming(1)
   Rp.1,000/call plus incoming charge per minute
 
Local Cellular Conversation
   PSTN local tariff
 
DLD Cellular Conversation
   PSTN DLD tariff
 
(1)  Beginning in mid-2005, Telkomsel provides free roaming services to its subscribers.
     Prior to the amendments in 1998 to implement the current cellular tariff structure, the Government amended the cellular tariff structure in 1997 and 1994.
      Telkomsel charges new postpaid subscribers a maximum one-time connection fee of Rp.200,000 for service activation, although discounts may be granted. After initial connection, Telkomsel charges a monthly subscription fee ranging from Rp.0 (provided minimum monthly usage reaches Rp.25,000) to Rp.65,000 per month (depending on the chosen tariff plan). Usage charges are as follows:
                 
        Rounding Time
    Price Per Minute   Block Duration
         
    (Rp.)    
Mobile cellular to mobile cellular:
                
Local
     650 – 938       20 sec  
Domestic Long-distance
                
30-200 km
     1,110 – 2,628       15 sec  
Over 200 km
     1,220 – 3,083       15 sec  
Mobile cellular to fixed line:
                
Local
     450 – 531       20 sec  
Domestic Long-distance
                
30-200 km
     650 – 1,696       15 sec  
200-500 km
     785 – 2,221       15 sec  
Over 500 km
     895 – 2,676       15 sec  
International Long-distance:
                
Group I
     3,675 – 5,880       15 sec  
Group II
     4,237 – 6,780       15 sec  
Group III
     4,687 – 7,500       15 sec  
Group IV
     5,362 – 8,580       15 sec  
Group V
     6,225 – 9,960       15 sec  

69

Table of Contents

                 
        Rounding Time
    Price Per Minute   Block Duration
         
    (Rp.)    
Group VI
     7,050 – 11,280       15 sec  
Group VII
     8,025 – 12,840       15 sec  
      Prepaid Tariffs. For prepaid cellular services, activation charges may be freely determined by cellular operators while usage charges are limited to a maximum of 140% above the peak usage charges for postpaid services. Telkomsel charges its prepaid customers (SimPATI / KARTU As) usage charges as follows:
                                   
        Rounding Time
    Price Per Minute   Block Duration
         
    (Rp.)    
    SimPATI   KARTU As   SimPATI   KARTU As
Calls within Telkomsel:
                                
Local
     300 – 1,500       1,000       30 sec       30 sec  
Domestic Long-distance
                                
 
Zone 1
     300 – 4,000       1,000       30 sec       30 sec  
 
Zone 2
     300 – 4,500       1,000       30 sec       30 sec  
Calls to other cellular:
                                
Local
     1,300 – 1,600       1,500       30 sec       30 sec  
Domestic Long-distance
                                
 
Zone 1
     3,500 – 4,000       3,850       30 sec       30 sec  
 
Zone 2
     4,000 – 4,500       3,850       30 sec       30 sec  
Calls to fixed line/fixed wireless:
                                
Local
     750 – 950       700       30 sec       30 sec  
Domestic Long-distance
                                
 
30-200 km
     2,000 – 2,300       2,000       30 sec       30 sec  
 
200-500 km
     3,200 – 3,720       3,200       30 sec       30 sec  
 
Over 500 km
     3,600 – 4,150       3,200       30 sec       30 sec  
International Long-distance:
                                
Group I-III
     7,500 – 8,000       8,000       15 sec       15 sec  
Group IV-VII
     11,000 – 12,000       12,000       15 sec       15 sec  
Leased Line Tariffs
      The Government determines the maximum tariffs for leased lines. The Government reduced leased line tariffs substantially in 1997 and 1998. On January 1, 1997, the Government decreased tariffs for leased lines by an average of 52%. Leased line tariffs for other telecommunications operators and Government bodies were further reduced by up to 30% effective January 1, 1998. The Government has announced that it intends to move towards a formula-based tariff structure for leased line services, however, it has not announced a proposed framework for such a formula.

70

Table of Contents

      The following table sets forth the maximum leased line tariffs, effective January 1, 1998 and still valid as of the date hereof:
       
    Maximum Tariff
     
    (Rp.)
Installation charge
    
Customer access
   600,000 – 700,000(1)
Other operator access
   900,000
Monthly subscription charge
    
Analog line
    
 
Local (or up to 25 km)
   60,000 – 250,000(2)
 
Inter-local (over 25 km)
   779,400 – 3,557,750(3)
Digital line
    
 
Local (or up to 25 km)
   190,000 – 172,268,000(4)
 
Inter-local (over 25 km)
   478,800 – 2,308,628,250 (5)
 
(1)  Price differs by equipment provided by TELKOM.
(2)  Price differs by user (private, other licensed operator, or government) and equipment provided by TELKOM.
(3)  Price differs by user (private, other licensed operator, or government) and distance.
(4)  Price differs by user (private, other licensed operator, or government) and speed.
(5)  Price differs by user (private, other licensed operator, or government), speed and distance.
VoIP Tariffs
      Charges for VoIP services may be freely determined by VoIP operators, based on cost. TELKOM has launched its VoIP services, which as of the date of this Annual Report consist of TELKOM Global-017 and its cheaper alternative, TELKOMSave. TELKOM believes that the tariff for TELKOM Global-017 service and the TELKOMSave service are approximately 40% and 60%, respectively, of the tariff charged by IDD operators in Indonesia.
     Kiosk phone Tariffs
      Charges for kiosk phones may be freely determined by operators. Kiosk phones are public phones that are operated by third-parties. TELKOM gains 70% of basic tariff charged by operators to its customers on calls placed from kiosk phones.
     Satellite Tariffs
      TELKOM generally charges an annual tariff of between US$1.15 million to US$1.5 million per transponder, although in some instances TELKOM may offer discounted tariffs for long-term commitments or loyal customers.
     Broadband Access
      The following table sets forth the current tariffs for TELKOM’s broadband access services:
                             
                Fees for Usage
                in Excess of
Fees for Usage in           Monthly   Monthly
SpeedyLink ADSL(1)   Activation Fee   Monthly Fee   Usage Allowance(1)   Allowance
                 
    (Rp.)   (Rp.)       (Rp.)
Limited 384 kbps
     200,000       200,000     500 MB – 1.0 GB (2)     500/MB  
Limited 512 kbps
     200,000       350,000     2.0 GB     500/MB  
Unlimited 384 kbps
     2,500,000       1,520,000     Unlimited     —  

71

Table of Contents

                                 
                Fees for Usage
                in Excess of
Fees for Usage in Speedy           Monthly   Monthly
High Speed ADSL Internet Access   Activation Fee   Monthly Fee   Usage Allowance   Allowance
                 
    (Rp.)   (Rp.)       (Rp.)
Limited 384 kbps
     200,000       300,000       500 MB       1,200/MB  
Limited 384 kbps
     200,000       450,000       1.0 GB       1,200/MB  
Limited 512 kbps
     200,000       800,000       2.0 GB       1,200/MB  
Unlimited 384 kbps
     2,500,000       3,800,000       Unlimited       —  
 
(1)  Provides access only to the Internet service provider’s node and does not include Internet access. The subscriber is responsible for obtaining Internet access with an Internet service provider.
(2)  Depending on the Internet service provider plan.
     Tariffs for Other Services
      The amount of the tariffs for telephony and other multimedia services are determined by the service provider by taking into account the expenditures and market price. The Government only determines the tariff formula for basic telephony services, while there is no stipulation for the tariff of other services.
     Tariffs for Interconnection and Access
      As of the date of this Annual Report, the Government establishes the percentage of tariffs to be received by each operator in respect of calls that transit multiple networks. The Telecommunications Law and Government Regulation No. 52 of 2000 provides for the implementation of a new policy to replace the current revenue sharing policy. On February 8, 2006, the MoCI issued Regulation No. 8/2006, which mandates the new cost-based interconnection tariff scheme for all telecommunications network and services operators. For more information about the scheme, see Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Regulations — Interconnection”.
     Interconnection with Fixed line Network
      The Government’s National Fundamental Technical Plan set forth in Decree 4 of 2001, as amended by Decree 28 of 2004 and MoCI Regulation No. 6/2005, sets out the technical requirements, routing plans and numbering plans for interconnection of the networks of various telecommunications operators among themselves and with TELKOM’s fixed line network. Under the National Fundamental Technical Plan, all operators are permitted to interconnect with TELKOM’s fixed line network for access thereto and to other networks, such as international gateways and the networks of other cellular operators. In addition, cellular operators may interconnect directly with other networks without connecting to TELKOM’s fixed line network. As of the date of this Annual Report, the fees for interconnection within TELKOM’s fixed line network are set forth in Decree No. 506/1997, Decree No. 46/1998, Decree No. 37/1999 and Decree No. 30/2000. These interconnection fees are expected to be adjusted when cost-based interconnection fees are implemented pursuant to MoCI Regulation No. 8/2006.
      Local Fixed line Interconnection with Indosat. Indosat launched its CDMA fixed wireless access service under the brand name “StarOne” in Surabaya on May 29, 2004 and in Jakarta on July 25, 2004, thereby creating a “duopoly system” in Indonesia’s fixed line domestic telecommunications market. Based on the interconnection agreement between TELKOM and Indosat for interconnection of local and domestic long distance calls, dated September 23, 2005, the operator of the network on which the calls terminate receives an agreed amount per minute.
      Other Fixed Wireless Interconnection. Fixed wireless networks may interconnect to TELKOM’s fixed line network at TELKOM’s gateway. As of the date of this Annual Report, other than TELKOM and Indosat, PT Bakrie Telecom (formerly Ratelindo) also operates a fixed wireless network in

72

Table of Contents

Indonesia. The fixed wireless interconnection between TELKOM and PT Bakrie Telecom is currently based on the most recent interconnection agreement signed in 2005. Pursuant to the agreement, for interconnection of local calls, the operator of the network on which the calls terminate receives an agreed amount per minute. For local calls originating on PT Bakrie Telecom’s network and terminating on a cellular network and vice versa which transit through TELKOM’s fixed line network, TELKOM receives an agreed percentage of the prevailing tariff for local calls. For domestic long-distance calls that originate on TELKOM’s fixed line network and terminate on PT Bakrie Telecom’s network, PT Bakrie Telecom receives an agreed amount per minute. For domestic long-distance calls that originate on PT Bakrie Telecom’s fixed line network and terminate on TELKOM’s network and for transit long-distance calls through TELKOM’s fixed line network, TELKOM receives an agreed percentage of the prevailing long-distance tariff. In addition, PT Bakrie Telecom receives a certain fixed amount for each minute of incoming and outgoing international calls to and from PT Bakrie Telecom that transit through TELKOM’s fixed line network and use TELKOM’s IDD service. It also receives 25% of the prevailing interconnection tariff of incoming and outgoing international calls that transit through TELKOM’s fixed line network but use Indosat’s IDD service.
      Other Fixed Wireline Interconnection. Since September 1, 1998, TELKOM has been receiving a share of the tariffs from Batam Bintan Telekomunikasi (“BBT”), which is a local operator with a special coverage area on Batam Island, for each successful call that transits or terminates on TELKOM’s fixed line network. Under the interconnection agreement, for local interconnection calls, revenues are shared on a “sender-keeps-all” basis. For local calls originating on BBT’s network and terminating on a cellular network and vice versa which transit through TELKOM’s fixed line network, TELKOM receives an agreed percentage of the prevailing tariff for local calls. For interconnection of DLD calls, the operator of the network on which the calls terminate or transit receives an agreed percentage of the prevailing long-distance tariff. In addition, BBT receives a certain fixed amount for each minute of incoming and outgoing international calls from and to BBT that transit through TELKOM’s fixed line network and use TELKOM’s IDD service and 50% of the prevailing interconnection tariff for incoming and outgoing international calls that transit through TELKOM’s fixed line network and use Indosat’s IDD service.
     Cellular Interconnection
      In respect of local interconnection calls, including transit calls, between a cellular network and TELKOM’s fixed line network, TELKOM receives 50% of the prevailing fixed-line usage tariff for local pulse. For local calls from TELKOM’s fixed line network to a cellular network, TELKOM charges its subscribers the applicable local call tariff plus an airtime charge, and pays the cellular operator the airtime charge. For local calls between cellular telecommunications networks, the originating cellular operator pays the terminating cellular operator air time charges.
      The current Interconnection Decree, effective April 1, 1998, assumes that it is possible for long-distance calls to be carried by more than one network. Pursuant to the Interconnection Decree, for DLD calls which originate on TELKOM’s fixed line network, TELKOM is entitled to retain a portion of the prevailing DLD tariff, which ranges from 40% of the tariff in cases where the entire DLD portion is carried by a cellular operator up to 85% of the tariff in cases where the entire DLD portion is carried by TELKOM’s fixed line network. For DLD calls that originate from a cellular subscriber, TELKOM is entitled to retain a portion of the prevailing DLD tariff, which ranges from 25% of the tariff in cases where the call originates from a cellular subscriber, transits through TELKOM’s fixed line network and terminates on another cellular subscriber with the entire DLD portion carried by a cellular operator, up to 85% of the tariff in cases where the entire DLD portion is carried by TELKOM’s fixed line network and terminates on TELKOM’s fixed line network.
     International Interconnection
      Interconnection on TELKOM’s domestic fixed line network for international calls consists of access charges and usage charges. The following table sets forth the current international interconnection tariff, effective as of December 1, 1998, for IDD calls which are routed through Indosat’s international

73

Table of Contents

gateways and which originate, transit or terminate on TELKOM’s domestic fixed line network and Telkomsel’s cellular network, pursuant to Ministerial Decree No. 37 of 1999:
         
Description   Tariff
     
Access Charge
     Rp.850/successful call  
Usage Charge
     Rp.550/paid minute  
      In addition, since June 2004, TELKOM has provided IDD services. As of the date of this Annual Report, TELKOM’s IDD service can be accessed by subscribers of all telecommunication operators in Indonesia. Interconnection and access charges for originating calls using TELKOM’s IDD service or terminating incoming international calls routed through TELKOM’s international voice telecommunications gateway are negotiated with each respective domestic operator.
     Satellite Phone Interconnection
      Since the fourth quarter of 2001, TELKOM has been receiving a share of revenues arising from interconnection transactions with PSN, a national satellite operator. Under the agreement, in respect of the interconnection calls between TELKOM and PSN, TELKOM receives Rp.800 per minute for network charges and an additional Rp.300 per minute origination fee if the call originates from TELKOM’s fixed line network.
     VoIP Interconnection
      Previously, MoC Decree No. 23/2002 provided that access charges and network lease charges for the provision of VoIP services were to be agreed between network operators and VoIP operators. On March 11, 2004, the MoC issued Decree No. 31/2004, which stated that interconnection charges for VoIP were to be fixed by the MoC. As of the date of this Annual Report, the MoCI, to which telecommunications regulatory responsibility was transferred in February 2005, has not yet determined what the new VoIP interconnection charges will be. Until such time as the new charges are fixed, TELKOM will continue to receive connection fees for calls that originate or terminate on TELKOM’s fixed line network at agreed fixed amounts per minute.
Trademarks, Copyrights and Patents
      TELKOM has a number of registered intellectual property rights consisting of trademarks and copyrights. TELKOM has registered with the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia (i) trademarks for its corporate name, logo and certain services including the names of TELKOM’s products and (ii) copyrights of books and artworks. These intellectual property rights are important to TELKOM’s business.
C.     Business and Organizational Structure
Information on Subsidiaries and Associated Companies
     Subsidiaries
      As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM had interests in nine consolidated subsidiaries and six unconsolidated associated companies. The business activities of the consolidated subsidiaries (as further described below) are described as part of TELKOM’s business in this Form 20-F, as well as in Note 1c to the consolidated financial statements. For a description of the activities of TELKOM’s unconsolidated associated companies, please see “Unconsolidated Associated Companies” below and Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements.
      The following table sets forth TELKOM’s direct ownership interest in companies as of December 31, 2005. TELKOM’s ownership interests in associated companies may be increased or diluted as a result of TELKOM’s planned restructuring of its legal ownership interests in these companies to focus on phone, mobile and multimedia businesses. In January 2006, TELKOM’s subsidiary, PT Multimedia

74

Table of Contents

Nusantara (“Metra”) together with PT Mekar Prana Indah (owned by Dana Pensiun Bank Indonesia (Bank Indonesia’s Pension Fund) and Yayasan Kesejahteraan Karyawan Bank Indonesia) established a company called PT Finnet Indonesia. The new company will provide nationwide financial network services transmitting banking data throughout Indonesia.
                     
    Legal        
    Ownership (%)        
    As of        
    December 31,        
Company   2005   Notes   Business Operations
             
Consolidated subsidiaries
                    
Fixed Phone:
                    
PT AriaWest International (“AriaWest”)
     100       (1)     Fixed-phone (KSO-III West Java & Banten)
PT Dayamitra Telekomunikasi (“Dayamitra”)
     100       (2)     Fixed-phone (KSO-VI Kalimantan)
PT Pramindo Ikat Nusantara (“Pramindo”)
     100       (3)     Fixed-phone (KSO-I Sumatera)
Cellular:
                    
PT Telekomunikasi Selular (“Telkomsel”)
     65       (4)     GSM cellular phone services
Application, Content, Datacom:
                    
PT Multimedia Nusantara (“Metra”)
     100       (5)     Multimedia, Pay TV
PT Infomedia Nusantara (“Infomedia”)
     51       (6)     Telephone directory and other information services (electronic based business, call center and data segment)
PT Indonusa Telemedia (“Indonusa”)
     96       (7)     Interactive multimedia, Pay TV
PT Napsindo Primatel Internasional (“Napsindo”)
     60       (8)     Network Access Point
Property & Construction:
                    
PT Graha Sarana Duta (“GSD”)
     100       (9)     Real estate, construction and services
Where TELKOM owns between 20% to 50%:
                    
PT Patra Telekomunikasi Indonesia (“Patrakom”)
     40.00       (10)     VSAT services
PT Citra Sari Makmur (“CSM”)
     25.00       (11)     VSAT and other telecommunications services
PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara (“PSN”)
     35.50       (12)     Satellite transponder & communications
Where TELKOM owns less than 20%:
                    
PT Mandara Selular Indonesia (“MSI”)
     1.33       (13)     NMT-450 cellular and CDMA services
PT Batam Bintan Telekomunikasi (“BBT”)
     5.00       (14)     Fixed-phone (in Batam & Bintan islands)
PT Pembangunan Telekomunikasi Indonesia (“Bangtelindo”)
     3.18       (15)     Telco network & equipment maintenance
Bridge Mobile Pte. Ltd. 
     12.50       (16)     Mobile services (in the Asia Pacific)
 
  (1)  TELKOM fully controlled AriaWest from July 31, 2003, after acquiring 100% of AriaWest from PT.Aria Infotek (52.50%), MediaOne International I B.V. (35%) and The Asian Infrastructure Fund (12.50%). Pursuant to the Sale and Purchase Agreement dated September 12, 2005, one share in AriaWest was transferred to Mr. John Welly in order to comply with the legal requirement that Indonesian limited liability companies should have more than one shareholder.
  (2)  TELKOM controlled 100% of the shares of Dayamitra from December 14, 2004, following the acquisition of 9.68% shares of Dayamitra from TM Communications (HK) Ltd., which increased TELKOM’s ownership in Dayamitra from 90.32% to 100%. One TELKOM’s share in Dayamitra was transferred to Mr. Robby Rubama Sadeli in order to comply with the legal requirement that Indonesian limited liability companies be owned by more than one shareholder.
  (3)  TELKOM and the shareholders of Pramindo signed a Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement for the sale of the Pramindo shares on April 19, 2002, pursuant to which TELKOM received 30% of the shares of Pramindo in August 2002 and additional 15% in September 2003 while the remaining 55% was to be transferred to TELKOM on December 15, 2004. Although TELKOM only had 30% of the shares of Pramindo, TELKOM acquired control of Pramindo on August 15, 2002 and accordingly, TELKOM consolidated 100% of Pramindo from August 15, 2002. TELKOM signed a short-term loan agreement with ABN AMRO Bank N.V. Jakarta in the amount of approximately US$130 million on January 29, 2004 to finance the accelerated purchase of the remaining 55%. On March 15, 2004, TELKOM used the loan proceeds to repurchase the promissory notes that were due on June 15, 2004, September 15, 2004 and December 15, 2004. Following this transaction, TELKOM owned 100% of Pramindo. One of TELKOM’s shares in Pramindo was transferred to Mr. Adek Julianwar in order to comply with the legal requirement that Indonesian limited liability companies be owned by more than one shareholder.

75

Table of Contents

  (4)  Telkomsel was established in 1995 by TELKOM (51%) and PT Indosat Tbk (49%). Following various transactions and changes in ownership, Telkomsel is currently owned by TELKOM (65%) and Singapore Telecom Mobile Pte. Ltd. (35%).
  (5)  TELKOM increased its ownership in Metra on April 8, 2003 to 100% by acquiring 69% of the shares of Metra from PT Indocitra Grahabawana under a share-swap transaction. TELKOM intends to use Metra to operate multimedia services in line with TELKOM’s strategy to focus on phone, mobile and multimedia services. Pursuant to a sale and purchase agreement dated September 12, 2005, one share in Metra was transferred by TELKOM to Mr. John Welly in order to comply with the legal requirement that Indonesian limited liability companies be owned by more than one shareholder.
  (6)  Infomedia was established in 1984 by TELKOM (51%) and PT Elnusa (49%), a subsidiary of PERTAMINA — an Indonesian state-owned oil company.
  (7)  On August 8, 2003, TELKOM and PT Centralindo Pancasakti Cellular (“CPSC”) signed a share-swap agreement pursuant to which TELKOM received an additional 31% of the shares of Indonusa from CPSC. Following this transaction, TELKOM’s ownership in Indonusa increased from 57% to 88%. Pursuant to an extraordinary general meeting of the shareholders of Indonusa on October 29, 2003, all of the stockholders agreed to convert an additional Rp.13,500 million of debt owed by Indonusa to TELKOM into newly issued shares of Indonusa. Following such conversion, TELKOM’s ownership in Indonusa increased from 88% to 90%. As of December 31, 2005, CPSC did not hold any shares in Indonusa. CPSC is not a major customer of TELKOM. In November 2005, TELKOM increased its ownership in Indonusa from 90% to 96% by acquiring 5.29% of the shares in Indonusa, owned by PT Megacell Media.
  (8)  TELKOM increased its ownership in Napsindo from 32% to 60% by acquiring 28% of the shares of Napsindo from PT Info Asia Sukses Mandiri (“InfoAsia”) on January 28, 2003.
  (9)  TELKOM acquired 100% of GSD in April 2001 from Koperasi Mitra Duta and Dana Pensiun Bank Duta. TELKOM transferred one of such shares to Mr. Martono in order to comply with the legal requirement that Indonesian limited liability companies should be owned by more than one shareholder.
(10)  On August 26, 2005 TELKOM purchased a 10% stake in PT Patra Telekomunikasi Indonesia (“Patrakom”) from Indosat. As a result, TELKOM’s ownership in Patrakom increased from 30% to 40%.
(11)  CSM was established in 1986 by Mr. Subagio Wirjoatmodjo and Bell Atlantic Indonesia Inc. Currently, CSM is owned by PT Tigatra Media (38.29%), Media Trio (L) Inc. Malaysia (36.71%), and TELKOM (25%).
(12)  As part of the agreement signed on August 8, 2003 between TELKOM and CPSC, TELKOM was entitled to receive CPSC’s 21.12% interest in PSN within a period of one year from the date the agreement was signed. During this period, all of CPSC’s rights in respect of the shares were granted to TELKOM. TELKOM received the shares of CPSC in PSN on August 9, 2004, increasing its legal ownership interest in PSN to 43.69%. PSN and its creditors have consummated a debt-to-equity conversion, pursuant to which PSN issued 18,180,660 new shares to the creditors. The conversion has the effect of diluting the shareholding percentage of the existing shareholders of PSN, including TELKOM. In 2005, TELKOM’s ownership interest in PSN was diluted to 35.5% as a result of the debt-to-equity conversion.
(13)  In July 2003 and January 2004, MSI carried out a series of debt to equity conversions, resulting in a dilution of TELKOM’s ownership interest from 25% to 6.4%. In December 2004 and May 2005, MSI issued new shares to MSI’s other shareholders, resulting in a further dilution of TELKOM’s ownership interest to 1.33%. On January 13, 2006, TELKOM sold its entire ownership interest in MSI to a third party, namely, Twinwood Venture Limited.
(14)  BBT was established in 1996 by PT Batamindo Investment Co (95%) and TELKOM (5%). BBT provides fixed line services at Batamindo Industrial Park in Muka Kuning, Batam Island and at Bintan Beach International Resort and Bintan Industrial Estate in Bintan Island. There are special economic and tourist development zones on those islands.
(15)  Bangtelindo was established in 1993 by TELKOM (15%), PT Indosat (15%), PT Inti (15%) and other shareholders (55%). Bangtelindo is currently owned by Dana Pensiun TELKOM (82%), TELKOM (3.18%) and other shareholders (14.82%).
(16)  Bridge Mobile Pte. Ltd. (Singapore) was established in 2004 by Telkomsel (14.286%) and six other international mobile operators in the Asia-Pacific region. On April 14, 2005, Telkomsel’s ownership interest was diluted to 12.5% following the issuance of new shares by Bridge Mobile Pte. Ltd. to a new shareholder, namely, Hong Kong CSL Limited.

Unconsolidated Associated Companies
PT Patra Telekomunikasi Indonesia (“Patrakom”)
      Patrakom was established in September 1995 and as of the date of this Annual Report is owned by TELKOM (40%), PT Elnusa (40%) and PT Tanjung Mustika (20%). Patrakom provides satellite communication (VSAT) and related services and facilities to companies in various industries.
     PT Citra Sari Makmur (“CSM”)
      CSM was established in February 1986 and as of the date of this Annual Report is owned by TELKOM (25%), PT Tigatra Media (38.29%) and Media Trio (L) Inc. Malaysia (36.71%). CSM is incorporated in Indonesia and provides telecommunications services relating to VSAT applications and other telecommunications technology and related facilities.

76

Table of Contents

     PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara (“PSN”)
      PSN was established in July 1991 and as of the date of this Annual Report, PSN is legally owned by TELKOM (35.50%), Skaisnetindo Teknotama (2.90%), Hughes Space and Communications International (5.88%), Telesat Canada (5.88%), Bank of New York (15.81%) and others (34.03%) (including holders of American Depositary Shares of PSN who own 19.46% of PSN). PSN provides satellite leasing and satellite-based communication services to countries within the Asia Pacific region. PSN conducted an initial public offering of its common stock and listing on NASDAQ in June 1996, but was delisted on November 6, 2001 due to its failure to meet certain NASDAQ National Market Listing requirements.
      As of December 31, 2001, TELKOM’s share of losses in PSN has exceeded the carrying amount of the investment. Accordingly, the investment has been reduced to zero.
      As part of the agreement signed on August 8, 2003 between TELKOM and CPSC, TELKOM was entitled to receive CPSC’s 21.12% interest in PSN within a period of one year from the date the agreement was signed. During this period, all of CPSC’s rights in respect of the shares were granted to TELKOM. TELKOM received the shares of CPSC in PSN on August 9, 2004, increasing its legal ownership interest in PSN to 43.69%. In 2005, TELKOM’s ownership interest in PSN was diluted to 35.5% as a result of the debt-to-equity conversion by PSN.
      As of the date of this Annual Report, TELKOM is evaluating the costs and benefits associated with an increase of its ownership in PSN to develop a retail satellite based service such as cellular via satellite and to support the government program for providing telecommunications lines to remote areas.
PT Mandara Selular Indonesia (“MSI”), (previously referred to as PT Mobile Selular Indonesia (“Mobisel”)
      MSI was established on November 30, 1995 by TELKOM, TELKOM’s Pension Fund and PT Rajasa Hazanah Perkasa (“Rajasa”).
      As of December 31, 2002, the value of investment has been reduced to zero because TELKOM’s share of loss exceeded the carrying amount of the investment in MSI.
      As of the date of this Annual Report, MSI provides NMT-450 services formerly provided by TELKOM and Rajasa pursuant to a PBH in Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumatera and Lampung. Currently, there is no plan to expand NMT-450 services as it is considered to be obsolete. Mobisel also launched a CDMA-based network in Lampung in mid-February 2004. In July 2003 and January 2004, MSI carried out a series of debt to equity conversions, resulting in a dilution of TELKOM’s ownership interest from 25% to 6.4%. In December 2004 and May 2005, MSI issued new shares to MSI’s other shareholders, resulting in a further dilution of TELKOM’s ownership interest to 1.33%. On January 13, 2006, TELKOM sold its entire ownership interest in MSI to a third party, namely, Twinwood Venture Limited. The resulting gain was not significant to TELKOM’s consolidated statement of income.
     PT Batam Bintan Telekomunikasi (“BBT”)
      BBT was established in June 1996 and as of the date of this Annual Report is owned by TELKOM (5%) and Batamindo Investment (95%). BBT provides fixed line telecommunications services at Batamindo Industrial Park in Muka Kuning, Batam Island and at Bintan Beach International Resort and Bintan Industrial Estate in Bintan Island which are special economic and tourist development zones on those islands. As at December 31, 2005, BBT had approximately 2,715 subscribers.
     PT Pembangunan Telekomunikasi Indonesia (“Bangtelindo”)
      Bangtelindo was established in December 1993 in Indonesia. The shareholders of Bangtelindo are TELKOM (3.18%), TELKOM’s Pension Fund (82%) and others (14.82%). Bangtelindo’s primary

77

Table of Contents

business is providing telecommunications network maintenance services and consultancy services on the installation and maintenance of telecommunications facilities.
Bridge Mobile Pte. Ltd.
      On November 3, 2004, Telkomsel together with six other international mobile operators in the Asia Pacific established Bridge Mobile Pte. Ltd. (Singapore), a company that is engaged in providing regional mobile services in the Asia Pacific.
      Telkomsel contributed US$1.0 million (Rp.9.3 billion) which represented a 14.286% ownership interest. In 2005, TELKOM’s ownership interest in Bridge Mobile Pte. Ltd. was diluted to 12.5% as a result of the issuance of shares by Bridge Mobile Pte. Ltd. to a new shareholder, namely, Hong Kong CSL Limited.
D.     Property, Plants and Equipment
      Except for ownership rights granted to individuals in Indonesia, the title to land rests with the Indonesian State under the Basic Agrarian Law No. 5/1960. Land use is accomplished through landrights, notably rights to build (Hak Guna Bangunan) and rights to use (Hak Pakai), whereby the holder of the landright enjoys the full use of the land for a stated period of time, subject to renewal and extensions. In most instances, the landrights are freely tradeable and may be pledged as security under loan agreements.
      As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM, excluding its subsidiaries, had land use rights to approximately 1,173 properties. TELKOM holds registered rights to build for the majority of its real property. Pursuant to Government Regulation No. 40 of 1996, the maximum initial periods for rights to build are 30 years and may be extended for an additional 20 years. Most of TELKOM’s real property is used to host equipment for the provision of telecommunications operations including exchanges, transmission stations and microwave radio equipment. None of TELKOM’s properties are mortgaged. TELKOM is not aware of any environmental issues which may affect the utilization of its properties.
ITEM 5.     OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
      The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of TELKOM for the three years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 included elsewhere in this Annual Report. These consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with Indonesian GAAP, which differs in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. See Note 54 to the consolidated financial statements for our reconciliation to U.S. GAAP.
A.     Operating Results
Overview
      TELKOM is the principal provider of local and domestic telecommunications services in Indonesia, as well as the leading provider of mobile cellular services through its majority owned subsidiary Telkomsel. TELKOM’s objective is to become a leading full service and network provider in Indonesia through the provision of a wide range of communications services. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM had approximately 12.7 million fixed lines in service (Fixed Wireline and Fixed Wireless) and Telkomsel had approximately 24.3 million mobile cellular subscribers. TELKOM also provides a wide range of other communication services, including telephone network interconnection services, multimedia, data and Internet communication-related services, satellite transponder leasing, leased line, intelligent network and related services, cable television and VoIP services.

78

Table of Contents

      TELKOM believes that its operating results in 2003 were significantly affected by:
  •  the increase in TELKOM’s interconnection revenues;
 
  •  the continued growth of the Indonesian mobile cellular market and the corresponding increase in Telkomsel’s revenues;
 
  •  the growth in TELKOM’s revenues from interconnection, data and Internet services;
 
  •  the acquisition and subsequent consolidation of AriaWest (KSO III) in July 2003;
 
  •  the continuation of TELKOM’s early retirement program; and
 
  •  increased depreciation expense and operations and maintenance expenses associated with Telkomsel’s expansion of its network capacity.
      Telkom believes that its operating results in 2004 were significantly affected by:
  •  the general economic situation in Indonesia, particularly the depreciation of the Rupiah during 2004;
 
  •  an increase in fixed line tariffs by 9%;
 
  •  increased competition among cellular operators, particularly in the prepaid market;
 
  •  the growth in the Indonesian cellular market and the corresponding increase in Telkomsel’s revenues;
 
  •  the growth in TELKOM’s revenues from interconnection, data and Internet services;
 
  •  the amendment of KSO agreement with MGTI on January 20, 2004 which resulted in TELKOM obtaining the legal right to control financial and operating decisions of KSO IV, and subsequent consolidation of KSO IV; and
 
  •  increased depreciation expense and operations and maintenance expenses associated with Telkomsel’s expansion of its network capacity and an increase in TELKOM’s fixed assets due to TELKOM’s aggressive deployment of fixed wireless.
      TELKOM believes that the factors that have materially affected TELKOM, as well as the environment in which it operates, during 2005 were:
  •  the increase in fixed lines, particularly in fixed wireless lines;
 
  •  increased competition among cellular operators, particularly in the prepaid market;
 
  •  the growth in the Indonesian cellular market and the corresponding increase in Telkomsel’s revenues;
 
  •  increased demand for data and Internet services, particularly in SMS, broadband Internet, and data communication network services using frame relay, SMS and IP VPN;
 
  •  increased operations and maintenance expenses associated with Telkomsel’s expansion of its network capacity and an increase in TELKOM’s fixed assets due to TELKOM’s aggressive deployment of fixed wireless;
 
  •  increased depreciation expense, primarily due to Telkomsel’s expansion of its network capacity, increase in TELKOM’s fixed wireless assets and change in TELKOM’s estimate of remaining useful lives for certain cable network facilities (WLL and Approach Link equipment) and certain Jakarta and West Java transmission and installation equipment (BSS equipment); and
 
  •  write-down of assets and loss on procurement commitments due to the Government’s decision to allocate the 1900 MHz frequency spectrum for exclusive use in 3G services commencing at the end of 2007 which resulted in TELKOM no longer being able to use its BSS equipment operating in the 1900 MHz in Jakarta and West Java areas commencing at the end of 2007.

79

Table of Contents

      TELKOM’s operating results, discussed below under “Results of Operations”, for the three-year period from 2003 through 2005 reflected significant growth in operating revenues, particularly in the fixed line, cellular, interconnection and data and Internet businesses. The growth in operating revenues in the fixed line business reflected both increased fixed lines in service and the acquisition and subsequent consolidation of KSO IV in January 2004 and AriaWest (KSO III) in July 2003. The growth of revenues in the cellular business primarily reflected growth in the number of Telkomsel’s cellular subscribers. The growth of revenues in data and Internet services primarily reflected the increase in SMS traffic from Telkomsel subscribers and increased usage of TELKOM’s multimedia services. Interconnection revenues have also increased as a result of higher interconnection charges received from mobile cellular operators and from the launch of its international long-distance services under the “TIC-007” brand in June 2004. KSO revenues have declined in the three-year period from 2003 through 2005 due to the acquisitions of KSO III and IV discussed above.
      TELKOM’s operating results for the three-year period from 2003 to 2005 also reflected significant growth in operating expenses. From 2003 to 2004, the growth of operating expenses was primarily driven by an increase in depreciation expense, general and administrative expenses, personnel expenses and operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses. The increase in depreciation expense and operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses in 2004 was principally due to expenses arising from Telkomsel’s expansion of its network capacity and an increase in TELKOM’s fixed assets due to its deployment of fixed wireless. General and administrative expenses increased in 2004 mainly due to an increase in amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of AriaWest in July 2003, KSO IV and the remaining 9.68% interest in Dayamitra and increases in training, education and recruitment expenses and collection expenses. Personnel expenses grew in 2004 primarily due to a significant increases in salaries and related benefits and vacation pay, incentives and other benefits and increase in net periodic pension cost. From 2004 to 2005, the growth of operating expenses was primarily driven by write-down of assets, and an increase in depreciation expense, personnel expenses and operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses.
      In August 2005, the Government decided to set aside the 1900 MHz frequency spectrum for the exclusive use in 3G services and 800 MHz frequency spectrum for the exclusive use in the CDMA-based technology network commencing at the end of 2007. As a result, TELKOM’s BSS equipment in Jakarta and West Java areas, which operates in 1900 MHz and forms an integral part of the fixed wireless transmission system of TELKOM, can no longer be used commencing at the end of 2007. Following the Government’s decision, TELKOM reviewed the recoverable amount of cash-generating unit to which the affected fixed wireless asset belongs and recognized a write-down of Rp.616.8 billion relating to this equipment. In addition, TELKOM changed its estimate of the remaining useful lives for the Jakarta and West Java BSS equipment and depreciates the remaining net book value of these assets through June 30, 2007, the date when all of TELKOM’s 1900 MHz BSS equipment are expected to be completely replaced with the 800 MHz BSS equipment. This change in estimate increased depreciation expense by Rp.159.0 billion in 2005. In addition, TELKOM recognized a loss relating to non-cancellable contracts for procurement of the 1900 MHz transmission installation and equipment in Jakarta and West Java areas amounting to Rp.79.4 billion in 2005. Due to the Government’s decision issued in the first quarter of 2005 to rearrange the frequency spectra utilized by the telecommunication industry which resulted in TELKOM not being able to utilize certain frequency spectra TELKOM currently uses to support fixed wireline cable network commencing at the end of 2006, certain of TELKOM’s cable network facilities, which comprise primarily of WLL and approach link equipment operating in the affected frequency spectra, can no longer be used commencing at the end of 2006. Accordingly, TELKOM shortened its estimate of the remaining useful lives for WLL and approach link equipment in the first quarter of 2005 and began depreciating the then remaining net book value of those assets through December 31, 2006. This change in estimate increased depreciation expense by Rp.471.2 billion in 2005. The increase in depreciation expense in 2005 was also due to an expansion of Telkomsel’s cellular network and an increase in deployment of fixed wireless network.

80

Table of Contents

      The increase in operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses in 2005 was primarily due to a network expansion by TELKOM and Telkomsel and an incurrence of USO expenses pursuant to MOC Regulation No. 15/2005, which requires all telecommunications network and services operators to pay 0.75% of their gross operating revenues to the Government starting January 1, 2005. Personnel expenses grew in 2005 primarily due to a significant increase in salaries and related benefits, vacation pay incentives and other benefits and employee income tax.
      In 2004, TELKOM recognized loss on foreign exchange of Rp.1,220.8 billion due to the depreciation of the Rupiah during 2004, primarily related to foreign exchange loss on its US Dollar borrowings. In 2005, TELKOM recognized loss on foreign exchange of Rp.516.8 billion primarily due to foreign exchange losses on its US Dollar borrowings. The loss on foreign exchange was lower in 2005 due to the relatively modest depreciation of the Rupiah during 2005, compared to 2004, and decrease in borrowings denominated in foreign currencies.
     Economic Situation in Indonesia
      TELKOM was significantly affected by a severe economic crisis that Indonesia and other Asian countries experienced beginning in the second half of 1997. As a result of the Asian financial crisis, the Rupiah depreciated significantly and experienced periods of significant volatility. From August 1997 to mid 1998, the month-end value of the Rupiah relative to the US Dollar declined from approximately Rp.2,600 per US Dollar to a low of approximately Rp.15,000 per US Dollar. In the three-year period from 2003 through 2005, the Rupiah experienced the following (based on Bank Indonesia’s middle exchange rate):
  •  in 2003, an appreciation from Rp.8,940 per US Dollar at December 31, 2002 to Rp.8,465 per US Dollar at December 31, 2003;
 
  •  in 2004, a depreciation from Rp.8,465 per US Dollar at December 31, 2003 to Rp.9,290 per US Dollar at December 31, 2004;
 
  •  in 2005, a depreciation from Rp.9,290 per US Dollar at December 31, 2004 to Rp.9,830 per US Dollar at December 31, 2005;
      As of March 31, 2006, Bank Indonesia’s middle exchange rate was Rp.9,075 to US$1.00.
      Indonesia also experienced higher rates of inflation and interest rates from the second half of 1997 through 2002. For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, the annual inflation rate was 5.1%, 6.4% and 17.1%, respectively. The interest rate on a one-month Bank Indonesia Certificate (SBI) as of December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 was 8.3%, 7.4% and 12.8%, respectively. See Item 3. “Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks relating to Indonesia — Declines or volatility in Indonesia’s currency exchange rates can have a material adverse impact on business activity in Indonesia” and Item 3. “Key Information — A. Selected Financial Data — Exchange Rate Information”.
     Limited Increases in Tariffs
      Since 1995, Indonesian law has provided for domestic fixed line tariff adjustments to be determined by a price cap formula that calculates the maximum total percentage increase in tariffs for a particular year. The maximum increase equals the Indonesian inflation rate (referred to by the Government as the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”)) typically for the last two years, as published by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics, minus an efficiency factor (the “X-factor”), which the Government determines by taking into consideration certain factors including improvements in the cost efficiency of the services resulting from technological improvements, the interests of affected telecommunications operators and the purchasing power of customers. Although the regulations provide for an annual tariff review and adjustment, economic conditions in Indonesia led to tariffs being frozen in 2003. See Item 3. “Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risk Relating to TELKOM and its subsidiaries — TELKOM operates in a legal and regulatory environment that is undergoing significant reforms and such reforms may adversely affect TELKOM’s business”. For details of the increase and rebalanc-

81

Table of Contents

ing of tariffs by the Government, see Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Competition — Tariffs for the Provision of Telecommunication Services — Fixed Wireline Tariffs”.
     Growth of Indonesian Cellular Market and Increase in Telkomsel’s Revenues
      The Indonesian cellular market has increased significantly in recent years. Telkomsel experienced a 43.1% growth in net operating revenues from 2004 to 2005, due to a 49.0% growth in its total number of cellular subscribers, as a result of the increased usage of mobile cellular phones in Indonesia and a corresponding increase in revenues from air time charges. Telkomsel experienced a 32.3% growth in net operating revenues from 2003 to 2004, due to a 69.8% growth in its total number of cellular subscribers. Telkomsel’s revenues from cellular phone services (voice) accounted for approximately 34.9% of TELKOM’s consolidated total operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2005, compared to 30.7% for the year ended December 31, 2004 and 31.2% for the year ended December 31, 2003.
      Due to the growth in the cellular market, competition has increased among cellular operators, particularly in the prepaid market. These cellular operators also compete to a lesser extent with fixed wireless operators, with fixed wireless lines in service increasing significantly in 2005.
     Increase in TELKOM’s Interconnection Revenues
      TELKOM’s interconnection revenues accounted for approximately 18.5% of TELKOM’s consolidated operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2005, compared to 18.2% for the year ended December 31, 2004 and 15.3% for the year ended December 31, 2003. From 2004 to 2005, the 25.1% increase in interconnection revenues was primarily due to a 24.9% increase in net interconnection charges paid to TELKOM by mobile cellular operators to Rp.6,685.1 billion and a 33.3% increase in interconnection revenue from international calls to Rp.854.8 billion. TELKOM recognizes these international long-distance revenues as interconnection revenues. From 2003 to 2004, the increase in interconnection revenues was primarily due to a 36.9% increase in net interconnection charges paid to TELKOM by mobile cellular operators to Rp.5,351.6 billion and a 248.3% increase in interconnection revenues from international calls to Rp.641.2 billion. On February 8, 2006, the MoCI issued Regulation No. 8/2006, which mandates a new cost-based interconnection tariff scheme for all telecommunications network and service operators and will become effective on January 1, 2007. Under the new scheme, the operator of the network on which calls terminate will determine the interconnection charge to be received by it based on a formula to be mandated by the Government, which will require the operators to charge for calls based on the costs of carrying such calls. For further information on the interconnection scheme, see Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Regulations — Interconnection”; and Item 3. “Key Information” — D. Risk Factors — Risks relating to TELKOM and its subsidiaries — TELKOM operates in a legal and regulatory environment that is undergoing significant reforms and such reforms may adversely affect TELKOM’s business”.
     Increase in TELKOM’s Data and Internet Revenues
      Data and Internet revenues accounted for approximately 16.6% of TELKOM’s consolidated operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2005, compared to 14.2% for the year ended December 31, 2004 and 11.5% for the year ended December 31, 2003. TELKOM’s revenues from its data and Internet services increased by 44.2% from 2004 to 2005 and by 54.7% from 2003 to 2004. The increase in data and Internet revenues in 2005 was primarily due to a 49.0% increase in revenues generated from SMS services, a 69.2% increase in revenues from data communication and a 28.2% increase in revenues from internet connectivity. The increase in 2004 was primarily due to a 61.6% increase in revenues generated from SMS services and a 70.3% increase in revenues from Internet connectivity services. From 2004 to 2005, revenues from VoIP services decreased by 8.2% to Rp.292.7 billion (US$29.8 million) due to a 27.8% decrease in total outgoing international VoIP calls, as more TELKOM customers used TELKOM’S TIC-007 service rather than VoIP, which decrease was partially offset by a 21.0% increase in total incoming (international termination) VoIP traffic.

82

Table of Contents

     Acquisition and Consolidation of KSO IV and III
      TELKOM’s operating revenues and expenses for the three-year period from 2003 through 2005 have been affected by the acquisition and subsequent consolidation of KSO IV in January 2004 and the acquisition and subsequent consolidation of AriaWest (KSO III) in July 2003. Prior to consolidation of KSO IV and III, TELKOM received revenues from these KSO regions in the form of guaranteed minimum monthly payments and additional monthly revenue sharing payments from the revenues of the KSO regions after payment of the minimum monthly payments and certain operating expenses. TELKOM was not directly allocated any of the operating expenses for the KSO regions. See Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Joint Operation Scheme.” Upon consolidation, TELKOM no longer receives the minimum monthly payments and revenue sharing payments and instead consolidates all of the revenues and expenses of such KSO regions on its books. As a result, KSO revenues have declined in the three-year period from 2003 through 2005 due to the acquisitions of KSO IV and III discussed above. Following these acquisitions, KSO VII is the only remaining KSO region under the joint operation scheme.
      In connection with the acquisition of KSO IV in January 2004, TELKOM recognized the full amount of the liability for the purchase price of approximately US$390.7 million or equivalent to Rp.3,285.4 billion, which represents the present value of fixed monthly payments (totaling US$517.1 million) to be paid to MGTI (the investor in KSO IV) beginning in February 2004 through December 2010 using a discount rate of 8.3% plus direct costs of the business combination. The allocation of the acquisition cost consisted of Rp.2,377.1 billion for property, plant and equipment and Rp.908.2 million for intangible assets. The allocation of the acquisition cost was based on an independent appraisal of fair values. Intangible assets identified from this acquisition represent the right to operate the business in the KSO area and the amount is being amortized over the remaining term of the KSO agreement of 6.9 years. As of December 31, 2005, the remaining monthly payments to be made to MGTI, before unamortized discount, amounted to US$393.3 million (Rp.3,868.4 billion) and is presented in TELKOM’s balance sheet as “Liabilities of business acquisitions.”
Write-down of Assets, Depreciation Expense, Loss on Procurement Commitments, and Operations Maintenance and Telecommunication Services Expenses
      TELKOM’s depreciation expense and operations, maintenance and telecommunication services expenses have increased significantly during the three-year period from 2003 through 2005. These increases are primarily related to Telkomsel’s expansion of its network capacity due to the growth in its subscriber base and an increase in TELKOM’s fixed assets due to deployment of fixed wireless. In particular, TELKOM began an aggressive deployment of fixed wireless in KSO III and KSO IV following TELKOM’s acquisitions of KSO III in July 2003 and KSO IV in January 2004 and in 2005 alone deployed 47 units of Remote Access Servers to service its fixed wireless subscribers. Telkomsel’s subscriber base has increased from 9,588,807 subscribers as of December 31, 2003 to 16,290,508 subscribers as of December 31, 2004 and 24,269,353 subscribers as of December 31, 2005. TELKOM’s fixed wireless service grew substantially from 1,429,368 lines in service as of December 31, 2004 to 4,061,867 lines in service as of December 31, 2005.
      As a result of the Government’s decision issued in the first quarter of 2005 to rearrange the frequency spectra used by the telecommunication service providers, TELKOM can no longer be able to utilize certain frequency spectra it currently uses to support fixed wireline cable network commencing at the end of 2006. Consequently, certain of TELKOM’s cable network facilities within the fixed wireline segment which comprise primarily of WLL and approach link operating in the affected frequency spectra, can no longer be used commencing at the end of 2006. Accordingly, TELKOM shortened its estimate of the remaining useful lives for WLL and approach link equipment in the first quarter of 2005 and began depreciating the then remaining net book value of those assets through December 31, 2006. The effect of this change in estimate increased depreciation expense by Rp.471.2 billion in 2005.

83

Table of Contents

      Further, in August 2005, the Government decided to set aside 1900 MHz for the exclusive use in the 3G services and 800 MHz frequency spectrum for the exclusive use in CDMA-based technology network commencing at the end of 2007. As a result, TELKOM’s BSS equipment in Jakarta and West Java areas, which operates in 1900 MHz and are part of the fixed wireless transmission installation and equipment, can no longer be used commencing at the end of 2007. Following the Government’s decision, TELKOM’s reviewed the recoverable amount of cash-generating unit to which the affected fixed wireless asset belongs and recognized a write-down of Rp.616.8 billion relating to this equipment in 2005. In addition, TELKOM changed its estimate of the remaining useful lives for the Jakarta and West Java BSS equipment and depreciates the remaining net book value of those assets through June 30, 2007, the date when all of TELKOM’s 1900 MHz BSS equipment are expected to be completely replaced with the 800 MHz BSS equipment. The effect of this change in estimate increased depreciation expense by Rp.159.0 billion in 2005. In addition, TELKOM recognized a loss relating to non-cancellable contracts for procurement of the 1900 MHz transmission installation and equipment in Jakarta and West Java areas amounting to Rp.79.4 billion in 2005.
Changes in Methods of Accounting under Indonesian GAAP
      In June 2004, the Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards Board issued PSAK No. 24 (Revised 2004), “Employee Benefits” (PSAK 24R), which is a revision of PSAK No. 24, “Accounting for Pension Benefits.” PSAK 24R changes TELKOM’s method of accounting for employee benefit plans by requiring the vested portion of prior service cost be immediately recognized and that the cumulative unrecognized actuarial gain or loss exceeding ten percent of the greater of the present value of the projected benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets be amortized over the expected average remaining working lives of the employees participating in the plan. PSAK 24R requires TELKOM to adopt its provisions retrospectively as of January 1, 2004, (the “Transition Date”) by way of the recognition of: (i) a liability computed in accordance with the provisions of PSAK 24R determined as of the Transition Date (the “Transition Liability”) and (ii) the difference between the Transition Liability and the liability previously recognized for employee benefits as of the same date pursuant to then in effect accounting standards, as a cumulative effect of a change in method of accounting in stockholders’ equity. Accordingly, TELKOM has restated its consolidated balance sheet as of the Transition Date by increasing its liability for employee benefits previously reported by Rp.3,218.7 billion with a corresponding decrease in consolidated stockholders’ equity of Rp.2,618.7 billion, net of tax of Rp.600.1 billion. In addition, the adoption of PSAK 24R, effective as of January 1, 2004, has resulted in an increase in the previously reported net income for the year ended December 31, 2004 in the amount of Rp.485.4 billion, net of tax of Rp.175.5 billion.
      In July 2004, the Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards Board issued PSAK No. 38 (Revised 2004), “Accounting for Restructuring Transactions between Entities under Common Control,” (“PSAK 38R”). PSAK 38R changes TELKOM’s method of accounting for previously recorded restructuring transactions between entities under common control when certain conditions are met. The provisions of PSAK 38R were effective for TELKOM beginning January 1, 2005, the initial application date. Pursuant to a ruling issued by the Indonesian Capital Market and Financial Institution Supervisory Agency (“BAPEPAM”) regarding the initial application of PSAK 38R by public entities, TELKOM is required to reclassify the previously recorded difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control as a direct adjustment to retained earnings as of the initial application date when the common control relationship between the transacting parties no longer exists as of January 1, 2005. The difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control as of January 1, 2005 amounting to Rp.7,288.3 billion arose from transactions between TELKOM and Indosat, which at the time of the transactions was also controlled by the Government and therefore was an entity under common control with TELKOM. This common control relationship ceased to exist in December 2002 when the Government sold its 41.94% ownership interest in Indosat to STT Communications Ltd. (“STTC”) and waived its special voting rights with respect to the Series A Dwiwarna share. In accordance with the BAPEPAM ruling, TELKOM has reclassified the difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control resulting from the cross-

84

Table of Contents

ownership transactions and acquisition of Pramindo as a charge to retained earnings as of January 1, 2005. This reclassification has no effect on net consolidated stockholders’ equity. See Note 4b to TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements.
Basis of Presentation
Consolidation of TELKOM’s Financial Statements
      TELKOM consolidates its financial statements and those of subsidiaries in which TELKOM has direct ownership interest of more than 50% or where TELKOM controls the subsidiaries.
      TELKOM consolidated AriaWest’s financial statements into its 2003 financial statements from July 31, 2003, the date of acquisition of 100% equity interest in AriaWest.
      TELKOM consolidated the revenues and expenses of KSO IV from February 2004 after it obtained the legal right to control financial and operating decisions of KSO IV on January 20, 2004.
Foreign Exchange Translations
      The functional currency of TELKOM and its subsidiaries is the Indonesian Rupiah and the books of accounts of TELKOM and its subsidiaries are maintained in Indonesian Rupiah. Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into Indonesian Rupiah at the rates of exchange prevailing at the transaction date. At the balance sheet date, the exchange rates used for translation of monetary assets and monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are the buying and selling rates quoted by Reuters prevailing at the balance sheet date. The Reuters buy and sell rates, applied respectively to translate monetary assets and monetary liabilities, were Rp.8,430 and Rp.8,450 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2003, Rp.9,280 and Rp.9,300 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2004 and Rp.9,825 and Rp.9,835 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2005. These rates differ from the rates used for convenience translations in this Annual Report, including in the tables appearing in the discussion and analysis below. See Note 2(e) to the consolidated financial statements.
      The resulting foreign exchange gains and losses, realized and unrealized, are credited or charged to income of the current year, except for foreign exchange differences incurred on borrowings during the construction of qualifying assets which are capitalized to the extent that the borrowings can be attributed to the construction of those qualifying assets.
      The consolidated financial statements are stated in Indonesian Rupiah. The translations of Indonesian Rupiah amounts for 2005 into United States Dollars are included solely for the convenience of the readers and have been made using the average of the market buy and sell rates of Rp.9,830 to US$1.00 published by Reuters on December 31, 2005. The convenience translations should not be construed as representations that the Rupiah amounts have been, could have been, or could in the future be, converted into United States Dollars at this or any other rate of exchange. See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements.

85

Table of Contents

TELKOM’s Operating Revenues
      The following table sets out TELKOM’s operating revenues, itemized according to TELKOM’s main products and services, for the three years 2003 through 2005, with each item also expressed as a percentage of total operating revenues:
                                                           
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2003   2004   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   US$ (million)
Operating Revenues
                                                        
Telephone
                                                        
 
Fixed lines
     8,896.9       32.8       10,645.0       31.4       10,781.3       25.8       1,096.8  
 
Cellular
     8,458.8       31.2       10,421.3       30.7       14,570.9       34.9       1,482.3  
Revenue under Joint Operation Schemes (JOS)
     1,486.3       5.5       656.6       1.9       588.7       1.4       59.9  
Interconnection
     4,162.1       15.3       6,188.0       18.2       7,742.1       18.5       787.6  
Data and Internet
     3,108.6       11.5       4,808.8       14.2       6,934.3       16.6       705.4  
Network
     517.9       1.9       654.3       1.9       586.6       1.4       59.7  
Revenue-sharing arrangements
     258.5       1.0       280.6       0.8       302.3       0.7       30.8  
Other telecommunications services
     226.9       0.8       293.2       0.9       301.0       0.7       30.5  
                                           
Total Operating Revenues
     27,116.0       100.0       33,947.8       100.0       41,807.2       100.0       4,253.0  
                                           
      Subsequent to an announcement by the DGPT in August 2001 that the Government intended to terminate TELKOM’s exclusive right to provide local and domestic long-distance services, TELKOM’s exclusive right to provide domestic local service was finally terminated in August 2002 and TELKOM’s exclusive right to provide domestic long-distance service was likewise terminated in August 2003. TELKOM, however, received its commercial license to provide IDD fixed line services on May 13, 2004. As a result of the termination of TELKOM’s exclusive right to provide local and domestic long-distance service, Indosat, a competitor of TELKOM, received its commercial license to provide domestic long-distance services on May 13, 2004 and began offering fixed wireless services in August 2004. Indosat began offering its domestic long-distance service in late 2004. TELKOM expects that revenues from providing interconnection services to new entrants in the domestic local and domestic long-distance markets will increase and its market share of fixed line services will decrease slightly in the future because of the liberalization of these markets. With regard to IDD fixed line services, TELKOM began offering these services to its customers on June 7, 2004 under the “TIC 007” brand. TELKOM recognizes international long-distance revenues from TELKOM’s IDD service (TIC-007) as interconnection revenues.
     Fixed Line Telephone Revenues
      The components of fixed line revenues are local and domestic long-distance usage charges, monthly subscription charges, installation charges, phone cards and others. Local and domestic long-distance usage charges, monthly subscription charges and installation charges relate to both fixed wireline and fixed wireless telephones.
      Local and domestic long-distance usage and monthly subscription charges are determined by telecommunications operators based on a formula set by the Government that determines maximum tariff levels. The maximum tariff levels apply uniformly throughout Indonesia. TELKOM’s monthly subscription charges are based on a uniform schedule of charges that vary according to the type of user and the type of services provided. Local and domestic long-distance usage charges vary depending on

86

Table of Contents

the distance called, duration and time band, while installation charges, phone cards and other services charges are set by individual operators. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Overview — Limited Increases in Tariffs”.
      Most fixed line revenues are recognized as services are provided, except the installation charges are recognized as revenue when a fixed line (referred to as an “installation” in the consolidated financial statements) is placed in service.
      Fixed line telephone revenues for the three years 2003 through 2005 are set out below, with each item also expressed as a percentage of operating revenues:
                                                           
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2003   2004   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   US$ (million)
Fixed Line Telephone Revenues
                                                        
Local and domestic long-distance usage
     6,561.8       24.2       7,439.3       21.9       7,223.1       17.3       734.8  
Monthly subscription charges
     1,948.8       7.2       2,934.9       8.6       3,289.8       7.9       334.7  
Installation charges
     223.1       0.8       201.3       0.6       197.3       0.5       20.1  
Phone cards
     34.4       0.1       15.6       0.1       10.9       0.0       1.1  
Others
     128.8       0.5       53.9       0.2       60.2       0.1       6.1  
                                           
 
Total
     8,896.9       32.8       10,645.0       31.4       10,781.3       25.8       1,096.8  
                                           
     Cellular Telephone Revenues
      The main component of cellular telephone revenues is air time charges. Cellular telephone revenues also include monthly subscription charges, connection fee charges and features.
      Air time charges and monthly subscription charges are determined by telecommunications operators based on maximum tariff levels fixed by the Government. The maximum tariff levels apply uniformly throughout Indonesia. Connection fee charges are determined by individual operators. Only postpaid subscribers pay connection and monthly subscription fees, while prepaid customers generally pay higher air time usage charges. In TELKOM’s consolidated statements of income, a portion of revenues from sales of prepaid starter packs is also recorded as connection fees.
      In the case of postpaid subscribers, monthly subscription charges are recognized when earned (i.e., in the month to which they apply), while connection fee revenue is recognized as income when connections take place. In the case of prepaid subscribers, revenues from “starter packs” are recognized upon delivery to distributors, dealers or directly to customers, while revenues from pulse refill vouchers are recognized initially as unearned income and thereafter recognized proportionately as revenue based on successful calls made using the stored value of the voucher or when the unused stored value has expired. Revenues recognized are net of dealer discounts.

87

Table of Contents

      Cellular telephone revenues for the three years 2003 through 2005 are set out below, with each item also expressed as a percentage of operating revenues:
                                                         
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2003   2004   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   US$ (million)
Cellular Telephone Revenues                                                
Air time charges
     7,677.9       28.3       9,825.7       28.9       13,666.3       32.7       1,390.3  
Monthly subscription charges
     580.5       2.2       448.5       1.3       383.5       0.9       39.0  
Connection fee charges
     194.1       0.7       55.8       0.2       64.1       0.2       6.5  
Features
     6.3       0.0       91.3       0.3       457.0       1.1       46.5  
                                           
Total
     8,458.8       31.2       10,421.3       30.7       14,570.9       34.9       1,482.3  
                                           
     Joint Operation Scheme (“KSO”) Revenues
      KSO revenues consist of:
  •  Initial payment made by the KSO partners, which is amortized over the life of the KSO Agreement;
 
  •  Minimum TELKOM Revenues (“MTR”), being a specified minimum payment, which is payable monthly; and
 
  •  Distributable TELKOM Revenues (“DTR”), being a specified percentage of KSO revenues after deduction of operating expenses and MTR obligation, which is payable monthly.
      KSO revenues have been decreasing due to the acquisition of KSO partners’ interests in the KSOs, resulting in the revenues of the KSOs being consolidated and included under Fixed Line revenues.
      KSO revenues for the three years 2003 through 2005 are set out below, with each item also expressed as a percentage of operating revenues:
                                                           
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2003   2004   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   US$ (million)
KSO Revenues
                                                        
Minimum TELKOM Revenues
     899.9       3.3       296.0       0.9       268.6       0.6       27.3  
Share in Distributable KSO Revenues
     583.0       2.2       349.5       1.0       318.6       0.8       32.4  
Amortization of unearned initial investor payments under Joint Operation Schemes
     3.4       0.0       11.1       0.0       1.5       0.0       0.2  
                                           
 
Total
     1,486.3       5.5       656.6       1.9       588.7       1.4       59.9  
                                           
     Interconnection Revenues
      The components of interconnection revenues are revenues from cellular interconnection, international interconnection and other interconnection. Interconnection revenues consist primarily of fees charged to other domestic and international carriers when calls originating in their networks interconnect with TELKOM’s fixed line network and Telkomsel’s mobile cellular network. Interconnection revenues also include international roaming by overseas operators to Telkomsel’s mobile cellular network, a retail fee charged to TELKOM’s subscribers for an outgoing call and international long-distance revenues from TELKOM’s IDD service (TIC-007) since the launch of TELKOM’s IDD service (TIC-007) in June 2004.

88

Table of Contents

      Fees charged for interconnection are determined contractually between operators, subject to maximum fee levels established by Government regulation. Revenues from interconnection with other domestic and international telecommunications carriers are recognized as incurred and are presented net of interconnection expenses paid to other operators. Interconnection revenues are typically accrued initially and settled among operators monthly and can fluctuate significantly as a result of adjustments among operators to accrued amounts at the time of settlement. On March 11, 2004, the MoC issued a decree stating that cost-based interconnection will commence beginning January 1, 2005. However, the implementation of the new cost-based interconnection was delayed due to difficulties in drafting the relevant regulations and selecting the appropriate tariff scheme. On February 8, 2006, the MoCI issued Regulation No. 8/2006, which mandates a new cost-based interconnection tariff scheme for all telecommunications network and services operators. There can be no assurance as to how this will affect TELKOM’s business, financial condition and results of operations. For further information on the interconnection scheme, see Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Regulations — Interconnection”; and Item 3. “Key Information” — D. Risk Factors — Risks relating to TELKOM and its subsidiaries — TELKOM operates in a legal and regulatory environment that is undergoing significant reforms and such reforms may adversely affect TELKOM’s business”.
      Interconnection revenues for the three years 2003 through 2005 are set out below, with each item also expressed as a percentage of operating revenues:
                                                           
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2003   2004   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   US$ (million)
Interconnection Revenues
                                                        
Cellular
     3,908.3       14.4       5,351.6       15.7       6,685.1       16.0       680.1  
International
     184.1       0.7       641.2       1.9       854.8       2.0       87.0  
Other
     69.7       0.2       195.2       0.6       202.2       0.5       20.5  
                                           
 
Total
     4,162.1       15.3       6,188.0       18.2       7,742.1       18.5       787.6  
                                           
          Data and Internet Revenues
      The components of data and Internet revenues are revenues from SMS, internet, data communication, VoIP and E-business services. Data and Internet revenue for the three years 2003 through 2005 are set out below, with each item also expressed as a percentage of operating revenues:
                                                           
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2003   2004   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   US$ (million)
Data and Internet Revenue
                                                        
SMS
     2,205.1       8.2       3,562.7       10.5       5,309.2       12.7       540.1  
Internet
     325.9       1.2       554.9       1.6       711.4       1.7       72.4  
Data communication
     245.6       0.9       360.7       1.1       610.4       1.5       62.1  
VoIP
     328.3       1.2       318.9       1.0       292.7       0.7       29.8  
E-business
     3.7       0.0       11.6       0.0       10.6       0.0       1.0  
                                           
 
Total
     3,108.6       11.5       4,808.8       14.2       6,934.3       16.6       705.4  
                                           

89

Table of Contents

     Network Revenues
      The components of network revenues are revenues from satellite transponder leases and leased lines. Network revenue for the three years 2003 through 2005 are set out below, with each item also expressed as a percentage of operating revenues:
                                                           
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2003   2004   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   US$ (million)
Network Revenue
                                                        
Satellite transponder lease
     270.9       1.0       210.9       0.6       239.5       0.6       24.4  
Leased lines
     247.0       0.9       443.4       1.3       347.1       0.8       35.3  
                                           
 
Total
     517.9       1.9       654.3       1.9       586.6       1.4       59.7  
                                           
     Revenues under Revenue-Sharing Arrangements
      The components of revenues under revenue-sharing arrangements are net share in revenue earned under revenue-sharing arrangements and amortization of unearned income under revenue-sharing arrangements.
      Revenues under revenue-sharing arrangements for the three years 2003 through 2005 are set out below, with each item also expressed as a percentage of operating revenues:
                                                           
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2003   2004   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   US$ (million)
Revenues Under Revenue-Sharing Arrangements
                                                        
Net share in revenue earned under Revenue-Sharing Arrangements
     200.1       0.8       198.6       0.6       165.6       0.4       16.9  
Amortization of unearned income under Revenue-Sharing Arrangements
     58.4       0.2       82.0       0.2       136.7       0.3       13.9  
                                           
 
Total
     258.5       1.0       280.6       0.8       302.3       0.7       30.8  
                                           
     Other Telecommunications Services Revenues
      Other telecommunications services revenues primarily represent telex and telegram revenues, revenues from the telephone directory assistance business and revenues from cable television services. In 2005, TELKOM’s revenues from other telecommunications services increased by Rp.7.8 billion, or 2.7%, from Rp.293.2 billion in 2004 to Rp.301.0 billion in 2005. The increase in other telecommunications services revenues was primarily due to an increase in pay-TV revenues and directory assistance revenues, which increase was partially offset by a decrease in telex and telegram revenues due to technological advancement.

90

Table of Contents

TELKOM’s Operating Expenses
      The following table sets out TELKOM’s operating expenses for the three years 2003 through 2005, with each item also expressed as a percentage of operating revenues:
                                                           
    Year Ended December 31,
     
        2004        
    2003   (As restated*)   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   US$ (million)
Operating Expenses
                                                        
Depreciation
     4,779.5       17.6       6,438.6       19.0       7,570.7       18.1       770.2  
Operations, maintenance and telecommunications services
     3,338.7       12.3       4,529.6       13.3       5,916.3       14.1       601.9  
Personnel
     4,440.1       16.4       4,910.0       14.5       6,563.0       15.7       667.6  
General and administrative
     2,078.8       7.7       2,599.8       7.7       2,764.0       6.6       281.2  
Marketing
     502.9       1.8       881.9       2.6       1,126.2       2.7       114.6  
Write-down of assets
     —       —       —       —       616.8       1.5       62.7  
Loss on procurement commitments
     —       —       —       —       79.4       0.2       8.1  
                                           
 
Total Operating Expenses
     15,140.0       55.8       19,359.9       57.1       24,636.4       58.9       2,506.3  
                                           
 
*  The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R. See “— Changes in Methods of Accounting under Indonesian GAAP” and Note 4a to TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements.
     Depreciation Expense, Write-down of Assets and Loss on Procurement Commitments
      Depreciation expense relates to TELKOM’s property, plant and equipment. TELKOM depreciates its property, plant and equipment, except land, using the straight-line method, based on the useful lives of the assets, commencing in the month such assets were placed into service. See Note 2k to the consolidated financial statements.
      In accordance with Indonesian GAAP, TELKOM capitalizes interest expenses and foreign exchange gains or losses for assets under construction and depreciates these amounts over the useful lives of such assets. In 2003, 2004 and 2005, TELKOM capitalized interest expenses for assets under construction of Rp.22.9 billion, Rp.57.7 billion and nil, respectively. TELKOM capitalized foreign exchange losses (gains) for assets under construction of nil, Rp.74.3 billion and nil in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      As a result of the Government’s decisions issued in 2005 on the rearrangement of frequency spectra utilized by the telecommunication industry, certain of TELKOM’s fixed wireline cable network facilities, which comprise primarily of WLL and approach link, and TELKOM’s BSS equipment in Jakarta and West Java areas, which are part of transmission installation and equipment for fixed wireless assets, cannot be used through the end of their initial estimated useful lives. In 2005, TELKOM recognized a write-down of assets of Rp.616.8 billion related to transmission installation and equipment of fixed wireless assets and loss on procurement commitments of Rp.79.4 billion related to non-cancelable contracts for procurement of the 1900 MHz transmission installation and equipment in Jakarta and West Java areas. TELKOM also shortened its estimate of the remaining useful lives for fixed wireline WLL and approach link equipment and the Jakarta and West Java fixed wireless BSS equipment. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Overview — Write-down of Assets, Depreciation Expense, Loss on Procurement Commitments, and Operations, Maintenance and Telecommunication Services Expenses.”

91

Table of Contents

     Operations, Maintenance and Telecommunications Services Expenses
      Operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses for the three years 2003 through 2005 are set out below, with each item also expressed as a percentage of operating revenues:
                                                           
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2003   2004   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   US$ (million)
Operations, Maintenance and Telecommunications Services Expenses
                                                        
Operations and maintenance
     1,744.8       6.4       2,398.2       7.1       3,075.1       7.3       312.8  
Concession fees
     610.7       2.3       807.3       2.4       1,257.4       3.0       128.0  
Cost of phone, SIM and RUIM cards
     181.3       0.7       366.7       1.1       582.3       1.4       59.2  
Electricity, gas and water
     300.4       1.1       385.7       1.1       372.5       0.9       37.9  
Vehicles and supporting facilities
     115.7       0.4       181.7       0.5       217.2       0.5       22.1  
Insurance
     157.1       0.6       151.3       0.4       136.4       0.3       13.9  
Leased lines
     127.0       0.5       132.8       0.4       124.2       0.3       12.6  
Traveling
     29.8       0.1       42.2       0.1       33.5       0.1       3.4  
Others
     71.9       0.2       63.7       0.2       117.7       0.3       12.0  
                                           
 
Total
     3,338.7       12.3       4,529.6       13.3       5,916.3       14.1       601.9  
                                           
     Personnel Expenses
      The main components of personnel expenses in 2005 were salaries and related benefits, which were Rp.2,165.9 billion (US$220.3 million), vacation pay, incentives and other benefits, which were Rp.1,615.6 billion (US$164.4 million), and employee income tax, which was Rp.856.4 billion (US$87.1 million).

92

Table of Contents

      Personnel expenses for the three years 2003 through 2005 are set out below, with each item also expressed as a percentage of operating revenues:
                                                           
    Year Ended December 31,
     
        2004        
    2003   (As restated*)   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   US$ (million)
Personnel Expenses
                                                        
Salaries and related benefits
     1,574.2       5.8       1,796.9       5.3       2,165.9       5.2       220.3  
Vacation pay, incentives and other benefits
     816.1       3.0       1,156.1       3.4       1,615.6       3.8       164.4  
Early retirements
     355.7       1.3       243.5       0.7       486.4       1.2       49.5  
Net periodic post-retirement health care benefit cost
     641.4       2.4       416.3       1.2       488.6       1.2       49.7  
Net periodic pension cost
     191.0       0.7       572.4       1.7       532.3       1.3       54.1  
Employee income tax
     468.8       1.7       523.8       1.5       856.4       2.0       87.1  
Long service awards
     219.2       0.8       36.9       0.1       201.9       0.5       20.5  
Housing
     116.9       0.4       103.4       0.3       113.7       0.3       11.6  
Medical
     9.7       0.1       12.2       0.1       18.0       0.0       1.8  
Other employee benefits
     4.4       0.0       11.5       0.1       6.0       0.0       0.6  
Others
     42.7       0.2       37.0       0.1       78.2       0.2       8.0  
                                           
 
Total
     4,440.1       16.4       4,910.0       14.5       6,563.0       15.7       667.6  
                                           
 
*  The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R. See “— Change in Method of Accounting under Indonesian GAAP” and Note 4a to TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements.
     General and Administrative Expenses
      The main components of general and administrative expenses in 2005 were amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets, which totaled Rp.918.2 billion (US$93.4 million), arising from the acquisitions of GSD, Dayamitra, Pramindo, AriaWest and KSO IV in previous years, provision for doubtful accounts and inventory obsolescence, which totaled Rp.489.0 billion (US$49.7 million), and collection expenses, which totaled Rp.379.1 billion (US$38.6 million).

93

Table of Contents

      General and administrative expenses for the three years 2003 through 2005 are set out below, with each item also expressed as a percentage of operating revenues:
                                                           
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2003   2004   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   US$ (million)
General and Administrative Expenses
                                                        
Professional fees
     115.6       0.4       137.3       0.4       131.0       0.3       13.3  
Collection expenses
     273.8       1.0       359.0       1.1       379.1       0.9       38.6  
Amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets
     730.7       2.7       872.3       2.6       918.2       2.2       93.4  
Training, education and recruitment
     126.9       0.5       228.5       0.7       177.9       0.4       18.1  
Travel
     144.7       0.6       192.6       0.6       171.7       0.4       17.5  
Security and screening
     110.3       0.4       143.9       0.4       164.4       0.4       16.7  
General and social contribution
     113.8       0.4       111.8       0.3       204.3       0.5       20.8  
Printing and stationery
     50.5       0.2       81.0       0.2       50.2       0.1       5.1  
Meetings
     42.8       0.2       58.3       0.2       40.3       0.1       4.1  
Provision for doubtful accounts and inventory obsolescence
     326.4       1.2       357.7       1.1       489.0       1.2       49.7  
Research and development
     9.1       0.0       13.2       0.0       8.4       0.0       0.9  
Others
     34.2       0.1       44.2       0.1       29.5       0.1       3.0  
                                           
 
Total
     2,078.8       7.7       2,599.8       7.7       2,764.0       6.6       281.2  
                                           
     Marketing Expenses
      Marketing expenses consist of advertising, customer education and other marketing expenses.
                                                         
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2003   2004   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   Rp. (billion)   %   US$ (million)
Marketing Expenses
                                                        
Advertising
     381.7       1.4       699.6       2.1       795.6       1.9       80.9  
Customer education
     102.2       0.3       152.4       0.4       305.3       0.7       31.1  
Others
     19.0       0.1       29.9       0.1       25.3       0.1       2.6  
                                           
Total
     502.9       1.8       881.9       2.6       1,126.2       2.7       114.6  
                                           
Results of Operations
     Year ended December 31, 2005 compared to year ended December 31, 2004
     Operating Revenues.
      Total operating revenues increased by Rp.7,859.4 billion, or 23.2%, from Rp.33,947.8 billion in 2004 to Rp.41,807.2 billion in 2005. Increase in operating revenues in 2005 was primarily due to increases in revenues from cellular, interconnection and data and Internet.

94

Table of Contents

Fixed Line Telephone Revenues.
      Fixed line revenues increased by Rp.136.3 billion, or 1.3%, from Rp.10,645.0 billion in 2004 to Rp.10,781.3 billion in 2005. The increase in fixed line revenues was primarily due to an increase in fixed wireless revenues, partially offset by a decrease in fixed wireline revenues. Fixed wireless revenues increased by Rp.411.3 billion, or 417.1%, from Rp.98.6 billion in 2004 to Rp.509.9 billion in 2005. Fixed wireline revenues decreased by Rp.275.0 billion, or 2.6%, from Rp.10,546.4 billion in 2004 to Rp.10,271.4 billion in 2005.
      The increase in fixed wireless revenues was primarily attributable to a 184.2% growth in the number of subscribers and lines in service for fixed wireless, from 1,429,368 lines in service as of December 31, 2004 to 4,061,867 lines in service as of December 31, 2005, particularly, the 184.7% growth in the number of lines in service in the non-KSO regions, resulting in an increase of lines in service from 1,317,673 as of December 31, 2004 to 3,750,821 as of December 31, 2005 primarily due to an aggressive marketing campaign in those regions from April to June 2005. Such increase was partially offset by a decrease in fixed wireline revenues which was primarily due to a 7.6% decrease in local and domestic long-distance revenues from Rp.7,493.1 billion in 2004 to Rp.6,920.2 billion.
Cellular Telephone Revenues.
      Cellular telephone revenues increased by Rp.4,149.6 billion, or 39.8%, from Rp.10,421.3 billion in 2004 to Rp.14,570.9 billion in 2005. The increase in cellular telephone revenues was primarily due to an increase in air time charges, connection fee charges for new subscribers and features, partially offset by a decrease in monthly subscription charges. Air time charges increased by Rp.3,840.6 billion, or 39.1%, from Rp.9,825.7 billion in 2004 to Rp.13,666.3 billion in 2005. Connection fee charges increased by Rp.8.3 billion, or 14.9%, from Rp.55.8 billion in 2004 to Rp.64.1 billion in 2005 due to the growth in KartuHALO and SimPATI net-additional cellular subscribers. Features increased by Rp.365.7 billion, or 400.6%, from Rp.91.3 billion in 2004 to Rp.457.0 billion in 2005 due to an increase in sales from the new feature services introduced in 2005, including ring back tone, message boards and mobile fax services. Monthly subscription charges decreased by Rp.65.0 billion, or 14.5%, from Rp.448.5 billion in 2004 to Rp.383.5 billion in 2005, primarily due to the special exemption from subscription charges for certain customers offered by Telkomsel to match similar programs offered by its competitors. The increase in cellular telephone revenues was primarily attributable to 49% growth in Telkomsel’s total cellular subscribers from 16,290,508 subscribers as of December 31, 2004 to 24,269,353 subscribers as of December 31, 2005. This increase was caused by a 19% growth in net-additional subscribers from 6,701,701 subscribers in 2004 to 7,978,845 subscribers in 2005. Postpaid subscribers grew by 11% to 1,470,755 subscribers and prepaid subscribers grew by 52% to 22,798,598 subscribers, in each case as of December 31, 2005.
      As a result of the higher rate of growth in the number of prepaid subscribers, the proportion of prepaid subscribers to total subscribers increased from 91.9% as of December 31, 2004 to 93.9% as of December 31, 2005. As a result of the change in the subscriber mix, with the increased number of prepaid subscribers as a percentage of total subscribers, blended monthly ARPU decreased from approximately Rp.102,000 in 2004 to approximately Rp.87,000 in 2005. Despite the decrease in overall ARPU for voice, the SMS/non-voice ARPU for postpaid increased (by approximately 15%) due to the increase in premium SMS, mobile banking services and other value-added services.
Interconnection Revenues.
      Net interconnection revenues increased by Rp.1,554.1 billion, or 25.1%, from Rp.6,188.0 billion in 2004 to Rp.7,742.1 billion in 2005. Net interconnection revenues comprises net interconnection revenues from TELKOM’s fixed line network (after eliminating net interconnection revenues for interconnections with Telkomsel’s mobile cellular network) and net interconnection revenues from Telkomsel’s mobile cellular network (after eliminating net interconnection expense from interconnections with TELKOM’s fixed line network). Interconnection revenues included incoming international long-

95

Table of Contents

distance revenues from TELKOM’s IDD service (TIC-007), net of interconnection charges for outgoing international long-distance calls.
      Cellular interconnection revenues increased by Rp.1,333.5 billion, or 24.9%, from Rp.5,351.6 billion in 2004 to Rp.6,685.1 billion in 2005, primarily due to the growth of cellular subscribers in Indonesia. International interconnection revenues increased by Rp.213.6 billion, or 33.3%, from Rp.641.2 billion in 2004 to Rp.854.8 billion in 2005, primarily due to an increase in incoming and outgoing IDD traffic from domestic operators. Other interconnection revenues increased by Rp.7.0 billion, or 3.6%, from Rp.195.2 billion in 2004 to Rp.202.2 billion in 2005, primarily due to the growth of fixed wireless subscribers of Indosat and PT Bakrie Telecom.
      TELKOM’s interconnection revenues accounted for approximately 18.5% of TELKOM’s consolidated operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2005, compared to 18.2% for the year ended December 31, 2004.
KSO Revenues (Joint Operation Scheme Revenues).
      KSO revenues decreased by Rp.67.9 billion, or 10.3%, from Rp.656.6 billion in 2004 to Rp.588.7 billion in 2005. The decrease in KSO revenues was primarily due to a decrease in MTR and DTR in 2005, resulting from the business acquisition of KSO IV. MTR decreased by Rp.27.4 billion, or 9.2%, from Rp.296.0 billion in 2004 to Rp.268.6 billion in 2005. DTR decreased by Rp.30.9 billion, or 8.8%, from Rp.349.5 billion in 2004 to Rp.318.6 billion in 2005. Amortization of unearned initial payments decreased by Rp.9.6 billion, or 86.5%, from Rp.11.1 billion in 2004 to Rp.1.5 billion in 2005 due to the recognition in 2004 of the remaining portion of unearned initial payments for KSO IV following the acquisition of KSO IV.
Data and Internet Revenues.
      Data and Internet revenues increased by Rp.2,125.5 billion, or 44.2%, from Rp.4,808.8 billion in 2004 to Rp.6,934.3 billion in 2005. The increase in data and Internet revenues was primarily due to significant increases in SMS revenues, internet connectivity revenues and data communications revenues, partially offset by a decrease in VoIP revenues. SMS revenues increased by Rp.1,746.5 billion, or 49.0%, from Rp.3,562.7 billion in 2004 to Rp.5,309.2 billion in 2005 mainly due to a significant growth in SMS traffic from Telkomsel subscribers. Internet connectivity revenues increased by Rp.156.5 billion, or 28.2%, from Rp.554.9 billion in 2004 to Rp.711.4 billion in 2005 due to increased marketing efforts to boost sales of data and Internet services, an increase in usage of the dial-up Internet for TELKOMNet Instant and premium prepaid dial-up internet access and an increase in Speedy subscribers in 2005. Data communication revenues increased by Rp.249.7 billion, or 69.2%, from Rp.360.7 billion in 2004 to Rp.610.4 billion in 2005, due to an increase in new subscribers of data network services, particularly, frame relay and IP VPN, primarily used for the internal data networks of commercial banks. VoIP revenues decreased by Rp.26.2 billion, or 8.2%, from Rp.318.9 billion in 2004 to Rp.292.7 billion in 2005, due to the decrease in traffic of outgoing international VoIP calls, primarily resulting from TELKOM’s focused marketing efforts to promote TELKOM’s IDD service (TIC-007), an alternative to VoIP.
Network Revenues.
      Network revenues decreased by Rp.67.7 billion, or 10.3%, from Rp.654.3 billion in 2004 to Rp.586.6 billion in 2005. Satellite transponder revenues increased by Rp.28.6 billion, or 13.6%, from Rp.210.9 billion in 2004 to Rp.239.5 billion in 2005, primarily due to an increase in satellite transponder usage by VSAT providers. Leased lines revenues decreased by Rp.96.3 billion, or 21.7%, from Rp.443.4 billion in 2004 to Rp.347.1 billion in 2005 as a result of an increase in the number of telecommunications operators that use their own networks.

96

Table of Contents

Revenues under Revenue-Sharing Arrangements (“PBHs”).
      Revenues under revenue-sharing arrangements increased by Rp.21.7 billion, or 7.7%, from Rp.280.6 billion in 2004 to Rp.302.3 billion in 2005. The increase in revenue under revenue-sharing arrangements was due to an increase in amortization of unearned income under the revenue-sharing arrangements which is in line with the increase in the number of revenue-sharing arrangements. Amortization of unearned income under revenue-sharing arrangements increased by Rp.54.7 billion, or 66.7%, from Rp.82.0 billion in 2004 to Rp.136.7 billion in 2005. Net share in revenue earned under revenue-sharing arrangements decreased by Rp.33.0 billion, or 16.6%, from Rp.198.6 billion in 2004 to Rp.165.6 billion in 2005. The total number of revenue-sharing arrangements increased from 79 contracts as of December 31, 2004 to 90 contracts as of December 31, 2005. Although the total number of revenue-sharing arrangements increased, most of them did not generate significant pulse in 2005.
Other Telecommunications Services Revenues.
      Other telecommunications services revenues increased by Rp.7.8 billion, or 2.7%, from Rp.293.2 billion in 2004 to Rp.301.0 billion in 2005. The increase in other telecommunications services revenues was primarily due to an increase in pay-TV revenues and directory assistance revenues, which increase was partially offset by a decrease in telex and telegram revenues due to technological advancement.
     Operating Expenses.
      Total operating expenses increased by Rp.5,276.5 billion, or 27.3%, from Rp.19,359.9 billion in 2004 to Rp.24,636.4 billion in 2005. The increase in total operating expenses was attributable to substantial increases in depreciation, operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses and personnel expenses, and write-down of assets.
Personnel Expenses.
      Personnel expenses increased by Rp.1,653.0 billion, or 33.7%, from Rp.4,910.0 billion in 2004 to Rp.6,563.0 billion in 2005. The main contributors were the increase in salaries and related benefits, and vacation pay, incentives and other benefits, primarily due to the implementation of performance based remuneration system in July 2004 which resulted in increased base salary, allowances, incentives and bonuses. These led to an increase in recurring employee expenses, as follows:
  • salaries and related benefits increased by Rp.369.0 billion, or 20.5%, from Rp.1,796.9 billion in 2004 to Rp.2,165.9 billion in 2005;
 
  • vacation pay, incentives and other benefits increased by Rp.459.5 billion, or 39.7%, from Rp.1,156.1 billion in 2004 to Rp.1,615.6 billion in 2005; and
 
  • employee income tax increased by Rp.332.6 billion, or 63.5%, from Rp.523.8 billion in 2004 to Rp.856.4 billion in 2005 which is in line with the increase in salaries and related benefits and vacation pay, incentives and other benefits.
      In addition, long service awards increased by Rp.165.0 billion, or 447.2%, from Rp.36.9 billion in 2004 to Rp.201.9 billion in 2005, primarily due to the recognition of actuarial gain of Rp.106.5 billion in 2004, compared to the recognition of actuarial loss of Rp.82.9 billion in 2005.
      Early retirement expenses increased by Rp.242.9 billion, or 99.8%, from Rp.243.5 billion in 2004 to Rp.486.4 billion in 2005. The number of employees taking early retirement increased from 804 in 2004 to 1,017 in 2005.
      Other components of personnel expenses did not contribute significantly to operating expenses in 2005.

97

Table of Contents

Depreciation Expense.
      Depreciation expense increased by Rp.1,132.1 billion, or 17.6%, from Rp.6,438.6 billion in 2004 to Rp.7,570.7 billion in 2005. The increase in depreciation expense was primarily due to Telkomsel’s expansion of its network capacity due to the growth in its subscriber base and an increase in TELKOM’s capital expenditures for network infrastructure (transmission network, backbone and access network), particularly for fixed wireless. In addition, the increase in depreciation expense was also because TELKOM shortened the estimate of remaining useful lives for WLL and approach link equipment and the Jakarta and West Java BSS equipment, which contributed to increase in depreciation expense by Rp.471.2 billion and Rp.159.0 billion, respectively, in 2005. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Overview — Write-down of Assets, Depreciation Expense, Loss on Procurement Commitments, and Operations, Maintenance and Telecommunication Services Expenses”.
Write-down of Assets.
      In 2005, TELKOM recognized a write-down of assets of Rp.616.8 billion related to transmission installation and equipment of fixed wireless assets. This write-down was made as a result of TELKOM’s review of the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit of its fixed wireless assets following the Government’s decision to set aside the 1900 MHz frequency spectrum for exclusive use in 3G services and the 800 MHz frequency spectrum for CDMA-based technology network commencing at the end of 2007. As a result of this decision, TELKOM’s BSS equipment in Jakarta and West Java, which currently operates in the 1900 MHz frequency spectrum, will no longer be operational commencing at the end of 2007 and, furthermore, this equipment must be replaced with BSS equipment operating in 800 MHZ. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Overview — Write-down of Assets, Depreciation Expense, Loss on Procurement Commitments, and Operations, Maintenance and Telecommunication Services Expenses.”
Loss on Procurement Commitments.
      In 2005, TELKOM recognized a loss relating to non-cancelable contracts for procurement of the 1900 MHz transmission installation and equipment in Jakarta and West Java areas amounting to Rp.79.4 billion. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Overview — Write-down of Assets, Depreciation Expense, Loss on Procurement Commitments, and Operations, Maintenance and Telecommunication Services Expenses.”
Operations, Maintenance and Telecommunications Services Expenses.
      Operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses increased by Rp.1,386.7 billion, or 30.6%, from Rp.4,529.6 billion in 2004 to Rp.5,916.3 billion in 2005. The increase in operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses was mainly attributable to:
  •  an increase in operations and maintenance expenses by Rp.676.9 billion to Rp.3,075.1 billion, an increase of 28.2%, due to an increase in Telkomsel’s operations and maintenance expenses arising from the growth in the Telkomsel’s overall capacity from 17.9 million subscribers as of December 31, 2004 to 26.2 million subscribers as of December 31, 2005. The number of Telkomsel’s BTSs grew by 59.5% from 6,205 units in 2004 to 9,895 units in 2005. Telkomsel also increased the capacity of its transmitting and receiving stations and switching and Intelligent Network equipment;
 
  •  cost of phone, SIM and RUIM cards increased by Rp.215.6 billion to Rp.582.3 billion in 2005, an increase of 58.8%, due to increases in expenses for TELKOM and Telkomsel prepaid cards. TELKOM’s cost of fixed wireless cards (starterpack/ voucher/replacement) increased by Rp.72.5 billion, or 220.4%, from Rp.32.9 billion in 2004 to Rp.105.4 billion in 2005. Telkomsel’s cost of cards increased by Rp.142.2 billion, or 44.9%, from Rp.316.5 billion in 2004 to

98

Table of Contents

  Rp.458.7 billion in 2005, due to a substantial increase in subscribers, particularly prepaid subscribers; and
 
  •  total concession fees increased by Rp.450.1 billion to Rp.1,257.4 billion in 2005, an increase of 55.8%, primarily due to a 125.3% increase, or Rp.394.5 billion, in concession fees paid to the Government from Rp.314.7 billion in 2004 to Rp.709.2 billion in 2005, in line with the growth in operating revenues and incurrence of USO contribution by TELKOM and Telkomsel to the Government beginning in 2005. Total USO contribution incurred by TELKOM and Telkomsel for the fiscal year 2005 amounted to Rp.307.7 billion.

      This increase was partially offset by electricity, gas and water charges, which slightly decreased by Rp.13.2 billion, or 3.4%, from Rp.385.7 billion in 2004 to Rp.372.5 billion in 2005, reflecting primarily conservation and more efficient use of utilities, which decrease was partially offset by an increase in electricity and gas rates in 2005 compared to 2004.
      Other components of operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses did not contribute significantly to operating expenses in 2005.
General and Administrative Expenses.
      General and administrative expenses increased by Rp.164.2 billion, or 6.3%, from Rp.2,599.8 billion in 2004 to Rp.2,764.0 billion in 2005. In particular, in 2005:
  •  amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets increased by Rp.45.9 billion to Rp.918.2 billion, or 5.3%, mainly due to an increase in amortization of intangible assets resulting from acquisitions of KSO IV on January 20, 2004 and the remaining 9.68% interest in Dayamitra on December 14, 2004. The intangible assets resulting from such acquisitions were amortized for the full year in 2005, compared to 2004 when it was only amortized from the date of acquisition;
 
  •  collection expenses increased by Rp.20.1 billion to Rp.379.1 billion, an increase of 5.6%, generally in line with the growth in TELKOM’s fixed line subscriber base and Telkomsel’s mobile cellular subscriber base, which resulted in higher collection charges paid to third party collection agents;
 
  •  security and screening expenses increased by Rp.20.5 billion, or 14.3%, to Rp.164.4 billion in 2005, primarily due to an increase in the salary of security guards by Rp.21.5 billion;
 
  •  provision for doubtful accounts and inventory obsolescence increased by Rp.131.3 billion, or 36.7%, to Rp.489.0 billion in 2005, primarily due to an increase in TELKOM and Telkomsel customer defaults as subscriber numbers increased; and
 
  •  general and social contributions expenses increased by Rp.92.5 billion, or 82.7%, to Rp.204.3 billion, which increase was primarily due to an increase in social contribution fund and community development expenses by Rp.60.6 billion to Rp.91.9 billion in 2005, pursuant to TELKOM’s AGMS resolution on June 24, 2005.
      This increase was partially offset by:
  •  training, education and recruitment expenses, which decreased by Rp.50.6 billion to Rp.177.9 billion, or 22.2%, following a decrease in TELKOM’s employee training programs primarily due to a more rigorous selection process for its overseas training;
 
  •  travel expenses, which decreased by Rp.20.9 billion, or 10.9%, to Rp.171.7 billion in 2005, primarily due to a decrease in local travel cost by Rp.12.7 billion; and
 
  •  printing and stationery expenses, which decreased by Rp.30.8 billion, or 38.0%, to Rp.50.2 billion in 2005, primarily due to a decrease in printing and photocopy expenses by Rp.14.8 billion, as well as a decrease in stationery expenses by Rp.15.6 billion, resulting from the implementation of cost-saving plans.

99

Table of Contents

      Other components of general and administrative expenses did not contribute significantly to operating expenses in 2005.
Marketing Expenses.
      Marketing expenses increased by Rp.244.3 billion, or 27.7%, from Rp.881.9 billion in 2004 to Rp.1,126.2 billion in 2005. The increase in marketing expenses was primarily due to an increase in Telkomsel’s marketing expenses, which increased by Rp.148.1 billion, or 41.6%, primarily due to increases in customer education expenses, advertising, promotions and exhibitions.
Operating Income and Operating Margin
      As a result of the foregoing, operating income increased by Rp.2,582.9 billion, or 17.7%, from Rp.14,587.9 billion in 2004 to Rp.17,170.8 billion in 2005. TELKOM’s operating margin slightly decreased from 43.0% in 2004 to 41.1% in 2005.
Other Income (Expenses)
      Other expenses decreased by Rp.909.2 billion, or 49.5%, from Rp.1,838.5 billion in 2004 to Rp.929.3 billion in 2005. The decrease in other expenses was primarily due to a decrease of 57.7% in foreign exchange losses, primarily due to a decrease in TELKOM’s borrowings denominated in foreign currencies and the relatively modest depreciation of Rupiah in 2005 compared to 2004. In particular, in 2005:
  •  Loss on foreign exchange-net decreased by Rp.704.0 billion from a net loss of Rp.1,220.8 billion in 2004 to a net loss of Rp.516.8 billion in 2005, primarily due to lower foreign exchange losses on US dollar borrowings in 2005 compared to 2004, resulting from a decrease in TELKOM’s US dollar borrowings and the relatively modest depreciation of the Rupiah;
 
  •  Interest expense decreased by Rp.92.8 billion, or 7.3%, from Rp.1,270.1 billion in 2004 to Rp.1,177.3 billion in 2005, reflecting primarily decreases in short-term bank loans and long-term debts of TELKOM;
 
  •  Interest income increased by Rp.26.8 billion, or 8.4%, from Rp.317.9 billion in 2004 to Rp.344.7 billion in 2005, primarily due to a slight increase in the average balance of time deposits. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements; and
 
  •  Others (net) increased by Rp.78.1 billion, from Rp.331.1 billion in 2004 to Rp.409.2 billion in 2005, primarily resulting from an increase in income from penalty on overdue payments.
      Other components did not contribute significantly to Other Income (Expenses) in 2005.
Income Before Tax and Pre-Tax Margin
      As a result of the foregoing, income before tax increased by Rp.3,492.0 billion, or 27.4%, from Rp.12,749.4 billion in 2004 to Rp.16,241.4 billion in 2005. Pre-tax margin increased from 37.6% in 2004 to 38.8% in 2005.
Income Tax Expense
      Income tax expense increased by Rp.1,005.4 billion, or 24.1%, from Rp.4,178.5 billion in 2004 to Rp.5,183.9 billion in 2005, in line with the increase in income before tax.
Minority Interest in Net Income of Subsidiaries
      Minority interest in the net income of subsidiaries increased by Rp.1,107.7 billion, or 56.6%, from Rp.1,956.3 billion in 2004 to Rp.3,064.0 billion in 2005. The increase was primarily due to improved financial performance by Telkomsel.

100

Table of Contents

Net Income
      As a result of the foregoing, net income increased by Rp.1,379.0 billion, or 20.8%, from Rp.6,614.6 billion in 2004 to Rp.7,993.6 billion in 2005. TELKOM’s net income margin decreased from 19.5% in 2004 to 19.1% in 2005.
Equity
      Total shareholders’ equity increased by Rp.5,164.4 billion, or 28.5%, from Rp.18,128.0 billion in 2004 to Rp.23,292.4 billion in 2005. The increase in total shareholders’ equity was primarily the result of net income of Rp.7,993.6 billion for the year 2005, partially offset by the cash dividends of Rp.2,921.2 billion.
Retained Earnings.
      Appropriated and unappropriated retained earnings decreased by Rp.2,215.9 billion from Rp.18,686.9 billion in 2004 to Rp.16,471.0 billion in 2005. The decrease in appropriated and unappropriated retained earnings was due to the change in method of accounting for restructuring transactions between entities under common control, which resulted in TELKOM reclassifying the difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control amounting to Rp.7,288.3 billion as a charge to unappropriated retained earnings as of January 1, 2005, and cash dividends of Rp.2,921.2 billion, which decrease was offset by net income for the year 2005 of Rp.7,993.6 billion. The reclassification of the difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control amounting to Rp.7,288.3 billion as a charge to unappropriated retained earnings as of January 1, 2005 has no effect on net consolidated stockholders’ equity. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Changes in Methods of Accounting under Indonesian GAAP” and Note 4b to TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements.
Year ended December 31, 2004 compared to year ended December 31, 2003
Operating Revenues.
      Total operating revenues increased by Rp.6,831.8 billion, or 25.2%, from Rp.27,116.0 billion in 2003 to Rp.33,947.8 billion in 2004. Operating revenues increased in 2004 for fixed lines, cellular, interconnection, network, data and Internet, revenue-sharing arrangements and other telecommunications services. KSO revenues decreased from 2003 to 2004.
Fixed Line Telephone Revenues.
      Fixed line revenues increased by Rp.1,748.1 billion, or 19.6%, from Rp.8,896.9 billion in 2003 to Rp. 10,645.0 billion in 2004. The increase in fixed line revenues was primarily due to increases in local and domestic long-distance revenues and monthly subscription charges in 2004. Local and domestic long-distance revenues increased by Rp.877.5 billion, or 13.4%, from Rp.6,561.8 billion in 2003 to Rp.7,439.3 billion in 2004 primarily due to an increase in the number of subscribers. Monthly subscription charges increased by Rp.986.1 billion, or 50.6%, from Rp.1,948.8 billion in 2003 to Rp.2,934.9 billion in 2004 primarily due to an increase in the monthly subscription fee charged to each subscriber.
      The increases were primarily attributable to:
  •  the consolidation of KSO IV revenues following the acquisition of KSO IV in January 2004, which contributed Rp.969.2 billion (US$104.3 million) to the increase in fixed lines revenues;
 
  •  TELKOM’s increase in fixed line tariffs in 2004 by a weighted average increase of 9%, with local charges increasing 28.2%, DLD tariffs decreasing by an average of 10% and monthly subscription charges increasing by varying amounts from 12.1% to 25.1%; and

101

Table of Contents

  •  the 439.8% growth in the number of subscribers and lines in service for fixed wireless, from 264,787 lines in service as of December 31, 2003 to 1,429,368 lines in service as of December 31, 2004, particularly the 454.2% growth in the number of lines in service in the non-KSO regions, resulting from the introduction of post-paid fixed wireless services only in the first quarter of 2003 and pre-paid fixed wireless service only in the third quarter of 2003.
Cellular Telephone Revenues.
      Cellular telephone revenues increased by Rp.1,962.5 billion, or 23.2%, from Rp.8,458.8 billion in 2003 to Rp.10,421.3 billion in 2004. The increase in cellular telephone revenues was primarily due to an increase in air time charges, partially offset by a decrease in monthly subscription charges and connection fee charges. Air time charges increased by Rp.2,147.8 billion, or 28.0%, from Rp.7,677.9 billion in 2003 to Rp.9,825.7 billion in 2004. Monthly subscription charges decreased by Rp.132.0 billion, or 22.7%, from Rp.580.5 billion in 2003 to Rp.448.5 billion in 2004 due to price competition among cellular operators and the increase in prepaid subscribers as discussed below. Connection fee charges decreased by Rp.138.3 billion, or 71.3%, from Rp.194.1 billion in 2003 to Rp.55.8 billion in 2004 due to price competition among cellular operators.
      The increase in cellular telephone revenues was primarily attributable to 69.9% growth in Telkomsel’s total cellular subscribers, from 9,588,807 subscribers as of December 31, 2003 to 16,290,508 subscribers as of December 31, 2004. This increase was caused by a 87.3% growth in net-additional subscribers from 3,578,035 subscribers as of December 31, 2003 to 6,701,701 subscribers as of December 31, 2004. In 2004, Telkomsel marketed its new Kartu As prepaid cards with lower denominations than Telkomsel’s other prepaid cards at the time. The Kartu As prepaid cards have a flat rate, which generally is lower than Telkomsel’s other prepaid cards with rates that vary by time of day. Postpaid subscribers grew by 31.8% to 1,327,549 subscribers and prepaid subscribers grew by 74.4% to 14,962,959 subscribers, in each case as of December 31, 2004.
      As a result of the higher rate of growth in the number of prepaid subscribers, the proportion of prepaid subscribers to total subscribers increased from 89.5% as of December 31, 2003 to 91.9% as of December 31, 2004. As a result of the change in the subscriber mix, with the increased number of prepaid subscribers as a percentage of total subscribers, blended monthly ARPU decreased from approximately Rp.123,000 in 2003 to approximately Rp.102,000 in 2004. Despite the decrease in overall ARPU for voice, the SMS/non-voice ARPU for postpaid increased (approximately 37% growth average per month) due to the increase in premium SMS, mobile banking transactions, and average number of SMS per subscribers per month.
Interconnection Revenues.
      Net interconnection revenues increased by Rp.2,025.9 billion, or 48.7%, from Rp.4,162.1 billion in 2003 to Rp.6,188.0 billion in 2004. Net interconnection revenues comprise net interconnection revenues from TELKOM’s fixed line network (after eliminating net interconnection revenues for interconnections with Telkomsel’s mobile cellular network) and net interconnection revenues from Telkomsel’s mobile cellular network (after eliminating net interconnection expense from interconnections with TELKOM’s fixed line network). Interconnection revenue included international long-distance revenue from TELKOM’s IDD service (TIC-007) since the launch in June 2004.
      Cellular interconnection revenues increased by Rp.1,443.3 billion, or 36.9%, from Rp.3,908.3 billion in 2003 to Rp.5,351.6 billion in 2004, primarily due to the growth of Telkomsel’s cellular subscribers. International interconnection revenues increased by Rp.457.1 billion, or 248.3%, from Rp.184.1 billion in 2003 to Rp.641.2 billion in 2004, primarily due to an increase in incoming and outgoing IDD traffic. IDD traffic has increased significantly primarily due to the launch of TELKOM’s IDD service in June 2004. Other interconnection revenues increased by Rp.125.5 billion, or 180.1%, from Rp.69.7 billion in 2003 to Rp.195.2 billion in 2004, primarily due to interconnection with Indosat’s local fixed wireless services which was launched in 2004.

102

Table of Contents

      TELKOM’s interconnection revenues accounted for approximately 18.2% of TELKOM’s consolidated operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2004, compared to 15.3% for the year ended December 31, 2003.
KSO Revenues (Joint Operation Scheme Revenues).
      KSO revenues decreased by Rp.829.7 billion, or 55.8%, from Rp.1,486.3 billion in 2003 to Rp.656.6 billion in 2004. The decrease in KSO revenues was primarily due to a significant decrease in MTR and DTR in 2004. MTR decreased by Rp.603.9 billion, or 67.1%, from Rp.899.9 billion in 2003 to Rp.296.0 billion in 2004. DTR decreased by Rp.233.5 billion, or 40.1%, from Rp.583.0 billion in 2003 to Rp.349.5 billion in 2004. Amortization of unearned initial payments increased slightly by Rp.7.7 billion, or 224.2%, from Rp.3.4 billion in 2003 to Rp.11.1 billion in 2004, due to the recognition in 2004 of the remaining portion of unearned initial payments for KSO IV following the acquisition of KSO IV.
      The decrease in KSO revenues was attributable to the acquisition of KSO IV in 2004 and primarily reflected TELKOM’s share in distributable KSO IV revenues and TELKOM’s right to receive MTR that were no longer received by TELKOM following the acquisition of KSO IV. All KSO IV revenues have been consolidated to TELKOM under fixed lines revenues since February 1, 2004.
      As a result of the acquisition of operational control of KSO IV, fixed lines in service in the KSO regions decreased 34.0% from 1,449,066 lines as of December 31, 2003 to 956,806 lines as of December 31, 2004. Following this acquisition, KSO VII is the only remaining KSO region under the joint operation scheme.
Data and Internet Revenues.
      Data and Internet revenues increased by Rp.1,700.2 billion, or 54.7%, from Rp.3,108.6 billion in 2003 to Rp.4,808.8 billion in 2004. The increase in data and Internet revenues was primarily due to significant increases in SMS revenues and Internet revenues and a smaller increase in data communication revenues, partially offset by a slight decrease in VoIP revenues. SMS revenues increased by Rp.1,357.6 billion, or 61.6%, from Rp.2,205.1 billion in 2003 to Rp.3,562.7 billion in 2004, mainly attributed to the significant growth in SMS traffic from Telkomsel subscribers. Internet revenues increased by Rp.229.0 billion, or 70.3%, from Rp.325.9 billion in 2003 to Rp.554.9 billion in 2004, due to increased usage of the dial-up Internet in Indonesia. Data communication revenues increased by Rp.115.1 billion, or 46.8%, from Rp.245.6 billion in 2003 to Rp.360.7 billion in 2004, due to the general growth in the data communications market in Indonesia including use of frame relay and VPN. VoIP revenues decreased by Rp.9.4 billion, or 2.9%, from Rp.328.3 billion in 2003 to Rp.318.9 billion in 2004, due to the decrease in traffic of VoIP.
Network Revenues.
      Network revenues increased by Rp.136.4 billion, or 26.3%, from Rp.517.9 billion in 2003 to Rp.654.3 billion in 2004. A decrease in satellite revenues was offset by an increase in leased line revenues. Satellite transponder revenues decreased by Rp.60.0 billion, or 22.1%, from Rp.270.9 billion in 2003 to Rp.210.9 billion in 2004, primarily due to a price decrease made in 2004 to reflect market conditions. Leased lines revenues increased by Rp.196.4 billion, or 79.5%, from Rp.247.0 billion in 2003 to Rp.443.4 billion in 2004 as a result of an increase in the number of telecommunications operators, particularly cellular operators due to significant increases in cellular subscribers.
Revenues under Revenue-Sharing Arrangements (“PBHs”).
      Revenues under revenue-sharing arrangements increased by Rp.22.1 billion, or 8.6%, from Rp.258.5 billion in 2003 to Rp.280.6 billion in 2004. The increase in revenue under revenue-sharing arrangements was due to an increase in amortization of unearned income under revenue-sharing arrangements, partially offset by a slight decrease in net share in revenue earned under revenue-sharing arrangements. Amortization of unearned income under revenue-sharing arrangements in-

103

Table of Contents

creased by Rp.23.6 billion, or 40.4%, from Rp.58.4 billion in 2003 to Rp.82.0 billion in 2004, due to amortization of unearned income from TELKOM’s new revenue-sharing arrangement projects. Net share in revenue earned under revenue-sharing arrangements decreased by Rp.1.5 billion, or 0.8%, from Rp.200.1 billion in 2003 to Rp.198.6 billion in 2004, due to the expiration of some of the revenue-sharing arrangement contracts. Although the total number of revenue-sharing arrangements increased from 27 contracts as of December 31, 2003 to 79 contracts as of December 31, 2004, many of these new revenue-sharing arrangements did not generate significant pulse (and corresponding revenue to TELKOM) in 2004, due to the respective assets being placed into service during the fourth quarter of 2004.
Other Telecommunications Services Revenues.
      Other telecommunications services revenues increased by Rp.66.3 billion, or 29.2%, from Rp.226.9 billion in 2003 to Rp.293.2 billion in 2004. The increase in revenue from other telecommunications services was primarily due to an increase in revenue from telephone directory services resulting from an increase in advertising and an increase in revenue from cable television services resulting from increased marketing.
Operating Expenses.
      Total operating expenses increased by Rp.4,219.9 billion, or 27.9%, from Rp.15,140.0 billion in 2003 to Rp.19,359.9 billion in 2004. The increase in total operating expenses was attributable to substantial increases in depreciation, operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses and smaller increases in personnel expenses, general and administrative expenses and marketing expenses.
Personnel Expenses.
      Personnel expenses increased by Rp.469.9 billion, or 10.6%, from Rp.4,440.1 billion in 2003 to Rp.4,910.0 billion in 2004. The main contributor to the increase was KSO IV personnel cost following Telkom’s acquisition of KSO IV. TELKOM incorporated 2,802 employees from KSO IV in 2004. The increase in employees from KSO IV was partially offset by a decrease of 804 employees that participated in TELKOM’s early retirement program in 2004. In addition, in April 2004, TELKOM increased the basic salary, basic allowance and position allowance of its employees. These reasons led to an increase in recurring employee expenses, as follows:
  •  salaries and related benefits increased by Rp.222.7 billion, or 14.2%, from Rp.1,574.2 billion in 2003 to Rp.1,796.9 billion in 2004; and
 
  •  vacation pay, incentives and other benefits increased by Rp.340.0 billion, or 41.7%, from Rp.816.1 billion in 2003 to Rp.1,156.1 billion in 2004.
      In addition, net periodic pension cost increased by Rp.381.4 billion, or 199.7%, from Rp.191.0 in 2003 to Rp.572.4 billion in 2004, primarily due to recognition of actuarial gain of Rp.205.1 billion in 2003, compared to no recognition of actuarial gain in 2004.
      These increases offset declines in early retirement costs and net periodic post-retirement health care benefit cost. Early retirements costs decreased by Rp.112.2 billion, or 31.5%, from Rp.355.7 billion in 2003 to Rp.243.5 billion in 2004, due to a decline in the number of employees retiring under TELKOM’s early retirement program. Net periodic post-retirement health care benefit cost declined by Rp.225.1 billion, or 35.1%, from Rp.641.4 billion in 2003 to Rp.416.3 billion in 2004, primarily due to recognition of actuarial loss and net transition obligation of Rp.99.3 billion and Rp.24.3 billion, respectively, in 2003, compared to no recognition of actuarial loss and net transition obligation in 2004, and a decrease in interest cost by Rp.82.5 billion resulting from decrease in discount rate used to determine net periodic post-retirement health care cost from 13% in 2003 to 11% in 2004. Long service awards decreased by Rp.182.3 billion mostly due to recognition of actuarial loss of Rp.87.3 billion in 2003, compared to recognition of actuarial gain of Rp.106.5 billion in 2004.

104

Table of Contents

      Other components of personnel expenses did not contribute significantly to operating expenses in 2004.
Depreciation Expense.
      Depreciation expense increased by Rp.1,659.1 billion, or 34.7%, from Rp.4,779.5 billion in 2003 to Rp.6,438.6 billion in 2004. The increase in depreciation expenses was primarily due to significant increases in depreciation expense for both TELKOM and Telkomsel. TELKOM’s increase in depreciation expenses reflected continued capital expenditures in TELKOM’s transmission network and backbone, as well as its access network, particularly for fixed wireless. Telkomsel’s increase in depreciation expense reflected continued capital expenditures for Telkomsel’s network infrastructure.
Operations, Maintenance and Telecommunications Services Expenses.
      Operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses increased by Rp.1,190.9 billion, or 35.7%, from Rp.3,338.7 billion in 2003 to Rp.4,529.6 billion in 2004. The increase in operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses was mainly attributable to:
  •  an increase in operations and maintenance expenses by Rp.653.4 billion to Rp.2,398.2 billion, an increase of 37.5%, due to an increase in Telkomsel’s operations and maintenance expenses arising from the growth in the Telkomsel’s overall capacity from 10.8 million subscribers as of December 31, 2003 to 17.9 million subscribers as of December 31, 2004. The number of Telkomsel’s BTSs grew by 28.7% from 4,820 units in 2003 to 6,205 units in 2004. Telkomsel also increased the number of its transmitting and receiving stations and switching and Intelligent Network equipment;
 
  •  cost of phone, SIM and RUIM cards increased by Rp.185.4 billion to Rp.366.7 billion in 2004, an increase of 102.3%, due to increases in expenses for TELKOM and Telkomsel prepaid cards. TELKOM’s prepaid card expenses included cost of fixed wireless cards (starterpack/ voucher/replacement) of Rp.32.9 billion that contributed Rp.26.5 billion to the increase in cost of phone, SIM and RUIM cards after TELKOM began its TELKOMFlexi prepaid program in September 2003. Telkomsel’s cost of phone and SIM cards of Rp.316.5 billion contributed Rp.143.3 billion to the increase in cost of phone, SIM and RUIM cards due to a substantial increase in subscribers, particularly prepaid subscribers;
 
  •  concession fees increased by Rp.196.6 billion to Rp.807.3 billion in 2004, an increase of 32.2%, primarily due to a 22.0% increase in frequency usage charges by Telkomsel of Rp.77.8 billion from Rp.353.6 billion in 2003 to Rp.431.4 billion in 2004, in line with the 28.7% increase in the number of BTSs from 4,820 in 2003 to 6,205 in 2004, and a 31.7% increase in concession fees paid to the Government of Rp.75.7 billion from Rp.239.0 billion in 2003 to Rp.314.7 billion in 2004, in line with the growth in operating revenues; and
 
  •  electricity, gas and water charges increased by Rp.85.3 billion, or 28.4%, from Rp.300.4 billion in 2003 to Rp.385.7 billion in 2004, reflecting primarily the consolidation of the gas electricity and water charges of KSO IV, as well as an increase in electricity and gas rates in 2004 compared to 2003.
      Other components of operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses did not contribute significantly to operating expenses in 2004.

105

Table of Contents

General and Administrative Expenses.
      General and administrative expenses increased by Rp.521.0 billion, or 25.1%, from Rp.2,078.8 billion in 2003 to Rp.2,599.8 billion in 2004. In particular, in 2004:
  •  amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets increased by Rp.141.6 billion to Rp.872.3 billion, or 19.4%, mainly due to amortization of additional intangible assets arising from the acquisitions of AriaWest in July 2003, KSO IV and the remaining 9.68% interest in Dayamitra;
 
  •  training, education and recruitment expenses increased by Rp.101.6 billion to Rp.228.5 billion, or 80.1%, following an increase in employees training programs. TELKOM increased its employee training programs primarily due to an organizational transformation towards more of a customer centric approach, additional training to improve internal controls as discussed in Item 15. “Controls and Procedures”, additional training and education expenses resulting from the acquisition of KSO IV and the necessary training because of new technologies;
 
  •  collection expenses increased by Rp.85.2 billion to Rp.359.0 billion, an increase of 31.1%, generally in line with the growth in TELKOM’s fixed line subscriber base and Telkomsel’s mobile cellular subscriber base, but also reflecting higher fees charged by third party collection agents used in some regional divisions;
 
  •  travel expenses increased by Rp.47.9 billion, or 33.1%, to Rp.192.6 billion in 2004, primarily due to an increase in domestic travel cost by Rp.35.2 billion;
 
  •  security and screening expenses increased by Rp.33.6 billion, or 30.5%, to Rp.143.9 billion in 2004, primarily due to an increase in the salary of security guards by Rp.29.3 billion;
 
  •  provision for doubtful accounts and inventory obsolescence increased by Rp.31.3 billion, or 9.6%, to Rp.357.7 billion in 2004, primarily due to an increase in TELKOM and Telkomsel customer defaults as subscriber numbers increased; and
 
  •  printing and stationery expenses increased by Rp.30.5 billion, or 60.4%, to Rp.81.0 billion in 2004, primarily due to an increase in printing and photocopy expenses by Rp.20.0 billion, as well as an increase in stationery expenses by Rp.10.0 billion.
      Other components of general and administrative expenses did not contribute significantly to operating expenses in 2004.
Marketing Expenses.
      Marketing expenses increased by Rp.379.0 billion, or 75.4%, from Rp.502.9 billion in 2003 to Rp.881.9 billion in 2004. The increase in marketing expenses was primarily due to TELKOM’s marketing campaign for its new services, primarily for TELKOMFlexi and Telkom’s IDD service (TIC-007) and an increase in Telkomsel’s marketing expenses (Rp.174.1 billion or 95.8%), primarily for sales support and advertising and promotion programs due to significant competition in the cellular market.
Operating Income and Operating Margin
      As a result of the foregoing, operating income increased by Rp.2,612.0 billion, or 21.8%, from Rp.11,975.9 billion in 2003 to Rp.14,587.9 billion in 2004. TELKOM’s operating margin decreased from 44.2% in 2003 to 43.0% in 2004 due to the higher growth of operating expenses (27.9%) compared to the growth of operating revenues (25.2%).
Other Income (Expenses)
      Other expenses increased by Rp.1,314.4 billion, or 250.8%, from Rp.524.1 billion in 2003 to Rp.1,838.5 billion in 2004. The increase in other expenses was primarily due to a significant loss on

106

Table of Contents

foreign exchange of Rp.1,220.8 billion in 2004 compared to a gain on foreign exchange of Rp.126.1 billion in 2003. In particular in 2004:
  •  Gain (loss) on foreign exchange-net decreased by Rp.1,346.9 billion from a net gain of Rp.126.1 billion in 2003 to a net loss of Rp.1,220.8 billion in 2004, primarily due to depreciation of the Rupiah from Rp.8,440 to US$1.00 in December 2003 to Rp.9,290 to US$1.00 in December 2004, where a loss of Rp.342.1 billion resulted from liabilities of business acquisition of KSO IV due to the acquisition cost being denominated in US dollars;
 
  •  Interest income decreased by Rp.48.1 billion, or 13.1%, from Rp.366.0 billion in 2003 to Rp.317.9 billion in 2004, primarily due to the decrease in floating interest rates for both Rupiah and U.S. Dollar-denominated deposits and the decrease in average balance of TELKOM’s time deposits from Rp.5,037.8 billion in 2003 to Rp.4,471.4 billion in 2004. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements; and
 
  •  Others (net) decreased by Rp.33.2 billion, from Rp.364.3 billion in 2003 to Rp.331.1 billion in 2004. In 2004, the significant other income (net) included income from fines from late-paying subscribers of Rp.280.3 billion.
      Such increase in Other Expenses was partially offset a decrease in interest expense by Rp.113.3 billion, or 8.2%, from Rp.1,383.4 billion in 2003 to Rp.1,270.1 billion in 2004, reflecting primarily the decrease in floating interest rates for TELKOM’s Rupiah and U.S. Dollar-denominated debt in 2004.
      Other components did not contribute significantly to Other Income (Expenses) in 2004.
Income Before Tax and Pre-Tax Margin
      As a result of the foregoing, income before tax increased by Rp.1,297.6 billion, or 11.3%, from Rp.11,451.8 billion in 2003 to Rp.12,749.4 billion in 2004. Pre-tax margin decreased from 42.2% in 2003 to 37.6% in 2004.
Income Tax Expense
      Income tax expense increased by Rp.317.4 billion, or 8.2%, from Rp.3,861.1 billion in 2003 to Rp.4,178.5 billion in 2004. The effective tax rate slightly decreased from 33.7% of income before tax in 2003 to 32.8% of income before tax in 2004.
Minority Interest in Net Income of Subsidiaries
      Minority interest in the net income of subsidiaries increased by Rp.452.8 billion, or 30.1%, from Rp.1,503.5 billion in 2003 to Rp.1,956.3 billion in 2004. The increase was primarily due to the significant increase in the net income of Telkomsel for 2004.
Net Income
      As a result of the foregoing, net income increased by Rp.527.4 billion, or 8.7%, from Rp.6,087.2 billion in 2003 to Rp.6,614.6 billion in 2004. TELKOM’s net income margin decreased from 22.4% in 2003 to 19.5% in 2004. The higher net income resulted in an increase in basic earnings per share from Rp.302.0 in 2003 (after restatement to reflect a two-for-one stock split as resolved in the AGMS on July 30, 2004) to Rp.328.1 in 2004.
Equity
      Total shareholders’ equity increased by Rp.815.1 billion, or 4.7%, from Rp.17,312.9 billion in 2003 to Rp. 18,128.0 billion in 2004. The increase in total shareholders’ equity was primarily due to the increase in retained earnings from net income for the year 2004 of Rp.6,614.6 billion, partially offset by TELKOM’s cash dividends declared of Rp.3,187.0 billion (comprising cash dividends for 2003 of

107

Table of Contents

Rp.3,043.6 billion approved at the 2004 AGMS and interim cash dividends declared in December 2004 of Rp.143.4 billion) and cumulative effect due to the change in method of accounting for employee benefits as of January 1, 2004 of Rp.2,618.7 billion (net of tax effect of Rp.600.1 billion). For the change in method of accounting for employee benefits, see Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Changes in Methods of Accounting under Indonesian GAAP” and Note 4a to TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements.
Retained Earnings.
      Appropriated and unappropriated retained earnings increased by Rp.808.9 billion, or 4.5%, from Rp.17,878.0 billion in 2003 to Rp.18,686.9 billion in 2004.
TELKOM’s Results of Operations by Segment
      TELKOM has three main business segments: fixed wireline, fixed wireless and cellular. Operating segments that do not individually represent more than 10% of TELKOM’s revenues are presented as “Other” and comprise the telephone directories and building management business. In 2005, a re-alignment of management responsibilities caused a change in segment reporting. The fixed wireless telecommunications services business segment is now presented as a separate segment. This change in segment has been reflected for all periods presented below. See Note 46 to TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements.
                                 
    Year Ended December 31,
     
        2004    
    2003   (As restated*)   2005   2005
                 
    Rp.(billion)   Rp.(billion)   Rp.(billion)   US$(million)
Fixed Wireline
                                
Segment results
                                
External operating revenues
     15,905.1       18,860.8       19,637.4       1,997.7  
Inter-segment operating revenues
     71.9       4.3       305.4       31.1  
                         
Total revenues
     15,977.0       18,865.1       19,942.8       2,028.8  
                         
Segment expense
     (10,350.7 )     (12,207.7 )     (14,378.8 )     (1,462.7 )
                         
Segment result
     5,626.3       6,657.4       5,564.0       566.1  
                         
Depreciation and amortization
     (3,090.4 )     (3,568.2 )     (4,006.2 )     (407.6 )
Amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets
     (709.4 )     (851.1 )     (896.9 )     (91.2 )
Other non-cash expenses
     (210.6 )     (244.4 )     (292.4 )     (29.7 )
 
*  The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R. See — “Changes in Methods of Accounting under Indonesian GAAP” and Note 4a to TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements.

108

Table of Contents

                                 
    Year Ended December 31,
     
        2004    
    2003   (As restated*)   2005   2005
                 
    Rp.(billion)   Rp.(billion)   Rp.(billion)   US$(million)
Fixed Wireless
                                
Segment results
                                
External operating revenues
     163.4       575.4       1,449.7       147.5  
Inter-segment operating revenues
     50.7       (51.1 )     (167.9 )     (17.1 )
                         
Total revenues
     214.1       524.3       1,281.8       130.4  
                         
Segment expense
     (246.2 )     (789.6 )     (2,174.7 )     (221.2 )
                         
Segment result
     (32,.1 )     (265.3 )     (892.9 )     (90.8 )
                         
Depreciation and amortization
     (35.8 )     (230.0 )     (537.3 )     (54.7 )
Write-down of assets and loss on procurement commitments
     —       —       (696.1 )     (70.8 )
Other non-cash expenses
     —       —       (21.6 )     (2.2 )
Cellular
                                
Segment results
                                
External operating revenues
     10,797.6       14,201.8       20,384.9       2,073.7  
Inter-segment operating revenues
     337.1       534.8       691.2       70.3  
                         
Total revenues
     11,134.7       14,736.6       21,076.1       2,144.0  
                         
Segment expense
     (4,802.3 )     (6,757.2 )     (8,775.0 )     (892.7 )
                         
Segment result
     6,332.4       7,979.4       12,301.1       1,251.3  
                         
Depreciation and amortization
     (1,680.6 )     (2,651.0 )     (3,046.6 )     (309.9 )
Other non-cash expenses
     (113.9 )     (100.7 )     (171.2 )     (17.4 )
Other
                                
Segment results
                                
External operating revenues
     249.9       309.7       335.2       34.1  
Inter-segment operating revenues
     30.8       51.1       70.5       7.2  
                         
Total revenues
     280.7       360.8       405.7       41.3  
                         
Segment expense
     (275.5 )     (320.7 )     (328.2 )     (33.4 )
                         
Segment result
     5.2       40.1       77.5       7.9  
                         
Depreciation and amortization
     (9.8 )     (18.7 )     (23.3 )     (2.4 )
Amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets
     (21.3 )     (21.3 )     (21.3 )     (2.2 )
Other non-cash expenses
     (4.3 )     (5.3 )     (4.8 )     (0.5 )
 
*  The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R. See — “Changes in Methods of Accounting under Indonesian GAAP” and Note 4a to TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements.

109

Table of Contents

Results of Segments
     Year ended December 31, 2005 compared to year ended December 31, 2004
     Fixed Wireline Segment
      Fixed wireline segment revenues increased by Rp.1,077.7 billion, or 5.7%, from Rp.18,865.1 billion in 2004 to Rp.19,942.8 billion in 2005. The increase in fixed wireline segment revenues was primarily due to an increase in fixed wireline’s interconnection revenues by Rp.1,377.0 billion, primarily due to increases in international call volumes and outgoing calls to cellular users, and data and internet revenues by Rp.329.3 billion, primarily due to an increase in Internet connection revenues from Telkomnet Instant and the broadband access services, partially offset by a decrease in fixed wireline’s voice revenues by Rp.862.5 billion, primarily due to a decrease in the call volumes.
      Fixed wireline segment expense increased by Rp.2,171.1 billion, or 17.8% from Rp.12,207.7 billion in 2004 to Rp.14,378.8 billion in 2005. The increase in fixed wireline segment expense was primarily due to an increase in personnel expenses by Rp.1,436.5 billion, or 34.1%, from Rp.4,212.1 billion in 2004 to Rp.5,648.6 billion in 2005. The increase in personnel expenses was caused by the increase in salaries and related benefits, vacation pay, incentives and other benefits primarily due to the implementation of a performance based remuneration system in July 2004 which resulted in increased base salary, allowances, incentives and bonuses. The increase in fixed wireline segment expense was also contributed by an increase of Rp.425.4 billion in depreciation expense, due primarily to a change in estimate of the remaining useful lives for WLL and approach link equipment. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Overview — Write-down of Assets, Depreciation Expense, Loss on Procurement Commitments, and Operations, Maintenance and Telecommunication Services Expenses.”
     Fixed Wireless Segment
      Fixed wireless segment revenues increased by Rp.757.5 billion, or 144.5%, from Rp.524.3 billion in 2004 to Rp.1,281.8 billion in 2005. The increase in fixed wireless segment revenues was due to the increase in fixed wireless’s voice revenues by Rp.975.5 billion in line with a 184.2% growth in the number of subscribers for fixed wireless, from 1,429,368 lines in service as of December 31, 2004 to 4,061,867 lines in service as of December 31, 2005. This increase was partially offset by the decrease in fixed wireless interconnection revenues, resulting from a decrease in incoming and outgoing calls to and from cellular users.
      Fixed wireless segment expense increased by Rp.1,385.1 billion, or 175.4%, from Rp.789.6 billion in 2004 to Rp.2,174.7 billion in 2005. The increase in fixed wireless segment expense was primarily due to a write-down of assets of Rp.616.8 billion, loss on procurement commitments of Rp.79.4 billion and an increase in depreciation expense by Rp.307.3 billion, due primarily to an increase in TELKOM’s fixed wireless assets and a change in estimate of the remaining useful lives for the Jakarta and West Java BSS equipment. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Overview — Write-down of Assets, Depreciation Expense, Loss on Procurement Commitments, and Operations, Maintenance and Telecommunication Services Expenses.”
     Cellular Segment
      Cellular segment revenues increased by Rp.6,339.5 billion, or 43.0%, from Rp.14,736.6 billion in 2004 to Rp.21,076.1 billion in 2005. The increase in cellular revenues was primarily due to the increase in cellular telephone revenues by Rp.4,149.6 billion as well as in cellular SMS revenues by Rp.1,656.8 billion in line with 49% growth in Telkomsel’s total cellular subscribers from 16,290,508 subscribers as of December 31, 2004 to 24,269,353 subscribers as of December 31, 2005.
      Cellular segment expense increased by Rp.2,017.8 billion, or 29.9%, from Rp.6,757.2 billion in 2004 to Rp.8,775.0 billion in 2005. The increase in cellular segment expense was primarily due to increases in

110

Table of Contents

operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses and depreciation expense by Rp.1,116.5 billion and Rp.395.6 billion, respectively, in line with the growth in Telkomsel’s overall capacity from 17.9 million subscribers as of December 31, 2004 to 26.2 million subscribers as of December 31, 2005 as well as the number of Telkomsel’s BTSs from 6,205 units as of December 31, 2004 to 9,895 units as of December 31, 2005.
     Other Segment
      Other segment revenues increased by Rp.44.9 billion, or 12,4%, from Rp.360.8 billion in 2004 to Rp.405.7 billion in 2005, due to the increase in Infomedia’s call center service revenue by Rp.43.1 billion.
      Other segment expense increased by Rp.7.5 billion, or 2.3%, from Rp.320.7 billion in 2004 to Rp.328.2 billion in 2005, primarily due to an increase in the printing costs of Infomedia.
     Year ended December 31, 2004 compared to year ended December 31, 2003
     Fixed Wireline Segment
      Fixed wireline segment revenues increased by Rp.2,888.1 billion, or 18.1%, from Rp, 15,977.0 billion in 2003 to Rp18,865.1 billion in 2004. The increase in fixed wireline segment revenues was primarily due to increases in fixed wireline’s voice, interconnection, and data and Internet revenues by Rp.1,234.2 billion, Rp.1,788.0 billion and Rp.355.4 billion, respectively, primarily due to the consolidation of KSO IV revenues following the acquisition of KSO IV in January 2004, an increase in fixed wireline tariffs in 2004 by a weighted average increase of 9% as well as the launch of TELKOM’s IDD service (TIC 007) in June 2004 and the increased usage volume of dial-up Internet, frame relay and VPN in Indonesia. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in KSO revenues by Rp.840.3 billion, primarily reflecting TELKOM’s share in distributable KSO IV revenues and TELKOM’s right to receive MTR that were no longer received by TELKOM following the acquisition of KSO IV.
      Fixed wireline segment expense increased by Rp.1,857.0 billion, or 17.9% from Rp.10,350.7 billion in 2003 to Rp.12,207.7 billion in 2004. The increase in fixed wireline segment expense was primarily due to an increase in personnel expenses, depreciation expense, operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses, and general and administration expenses by Rp.316.2 billion, Rp.487.8 billion, Rp.495.7 billion and Rp.406.5 billion, respectively, primarily due to the consolidation of KSO IV expenses in the consolidated financial statements following the acquisition of KSO IV in January 2004.
     Fixed Wireless Segment
      Fixed wireless segment revenues increased by Rp.310.2 billion, or 144.9%, from Rp.214.1 billion in 2003 to Rp.524.3 billion in 2004. The increase in fixed wireless segment revenues was primarily due to the increase in fixed wireless’s voice revenues by Rp.500.2 billion in line with a 439.8% growth in the number of subscribers and lines in service for fixed wireless, from 264,787 lines in service as of December 31, 2003 to 1,429,368 lines in service as of December 31, 2004. This increase was partially offset by the decrease in interconnection revenues by Rp.189.9 billion.
      Fixed wireless segment expense increased by Rp.543.4 billion, or 220.8%, from Rp.246.2 billion in 2003 to Rp.789.6 billion in 2004. The increase in fixed wireless segment expense was primarily due to increases in depreciation expense by Rp.194.2 billion and operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses by Rp.233.3 billion, in line with the increase in TELKOM’s fixed wireless assets due to TELKOM’s aggressive deployment of fixed wireless.
     Cellular Segment
      Cellular segment revenues increased by Rp.3,601.9 billion, or 32.3%, from Rp.11,134.7 billion in 2003 to Rp.14,736.6 billion in 2004. The increase in cellular revenues was primarily due to the increase in cellular telephone revenues by Rp.1,962.5 billion as well as cellular SMS revenues by

111

Table of Contents

Rp.1,295.7 billion in line with a 70% growth in Telkomsel’s total cellular subscribers from 9,588,807 subscribers as of December 31, 2003 to 16,290,508 subscribers as of December 31, 2004.
      Cellular segment expense increased by Rp.1,954.9 billion, or 40.7% from Rp.4,802.3 billion in 2003 to Rp.6,757.2 billion in 2004. The increase in cellular segment expense was primarily due to the increase in depreciation expense by Rp.970.4 billion and in operations, maintenance and telecommunications services expenses by Rp.629.4 billion, in line with the growth of Telkomsel’s overall capacity from 10.8 million subscribers as of December 31, 2003 to 17.9 million subscribers as of December 31, 2004 as well as the number of Telkomsel’s BTSs from 4,820 units as of December 31, 2003 to 6,205 units as of December 31, 2004.
Other Segment
      Other Segment revenues increased by Rp.80.1 billion, or 28.5%, from Rp.280.7 billion in 2003 to Rp.360.8 billion in 2004. The increase in other segment revenues was primarily due to the increase in Informedia’s directory assistance service revenues by Rp.64.5 billion.
      Other segment expense increased by Rp.45.2 billion, or 16.4%, from Rp.275.5 billion in 2003 to Rp.320.7 billion in 2004. The increase in other segment expense was primarily due to the increase in Infomedia’s personnel expenses, marketing expenses and general and administration expenses by Rp.16.0 billion, Rp.11.2 billion and Rp.7.6 billion, respectively.
Reconciliation to U.S. GAAP
      TELKOM prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with Indonesian GAAP and prepares a reconciliation of consolidated net income and stockholders’ equity in accordance with U.S. GAAP pursuant to the requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The following table sets out consolidated net income for the years ended and consolidated stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 in accordance with Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP:
                                 
    Year Ended December 31,
     
        2004    
    2003   (As restated)(1)   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   Rp. (billion)   Rp. (billion)   US$ (million)
Net income in accordance with
                                
Indonesian GAAP
     6,087.2       6,614.6       7,993.6       813.2  
U.S. GAAP
     5,790.6       6,468.6       7,840.1       797.6  
                                 
    Year Ended December 31,
     
        2004    
    2003   (As restated)(2)   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   Rp. (billion)   Rp. (billion)   US$ (million)
Stockholders’ equity in accordance with
                                
Indonesian GAAP
     17,312.9       18,128.0       23,292.4       2,369.5  
U.S. GAAP
     16,284.7       19,570.9       24,568.5       2,499.3  
 
(1)  Net income for the year ended December 31, 2004 under Indonesian GAAP has been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Changes in Methods of Accounting under Indonesian GAAP” and Note 4a to the Company’s consolidated financial statements).
(2)  Equity as of December 31, 2004 under Indonesian GAAP has been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Changes in Methods of Accounting under Indonesian GAAP” and Note 4a to the Company’s consolidated financial statements).

112

Table of Contents

Summary of Significant Differences Between Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP
      The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indonesian GAAP, which differs in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. The significant differences are summarized below and are described in Note 54 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
      The Company’s consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with Indonesian GAAP as of and for the year ended December 31, 2004 and the related selected financial data for 2004 in its 2005 Annual Report on Form 20-F have been restated in connection with the adoption of PSAK 24R. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Changes in Methods of Accounting under Indonesian GAAP” and Note 4a to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. While the restatement affected previously reported consolidated net income and stockholders’ equity under Indonesian GAAP, there was no net effect on consolidated net income and stockholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP as previously reported. However, certain reconciling line items in arriving at net income and stockholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP have been revised.
Termination Benefits
      Under Indonesian GAAP, termination benefits are recognized as liabilities when certain criteria are met (e.g. the enterprise is demonstratively committed to provide termination benefits as a result of an offer made in order to encourage early retirement).
      Under U.S. GAAP, termination benefits are recognized as liabilities when the employees accept the offer and the amount can be reasonably estimated.
      As a result, on a U.S. GAAP basis, the Company’s consolidated income before tax due to termination benefits would have been Rp.671.0 billion lower in 2003 and no change in 2004 and 2005.
Foreign Exchange Differences Capitalized to Property under Construction
      Under Indonesian GAAP, the foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from borrowings used to finance property under construction are capitalized. Capitalization of foreign exchange gains and losses ceases when the construction of the qualifying asset is substantially completed and the constructed property is ready for its intended use.
      Under U.S. GAAP, foreign exchange gains and losses are charged to current operations. Consequently, on a U.S. GAAP basis, the Company’s consolidated income before tax would have been Rp.76.8 billion higher in 2003, Rp.1.6 billion higher in 2004 and Rp.77.0 billion higher in 2005.
Interest Capitalized on Property under Construction
      Under Indonesian GAAP, qualifying assets, to which interest cost can be capitalized, should be those that take a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale, i.e., minimum 12 months. To the extent that funds are borrowed specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the amount of interest cost eligible for capitalization on that asset should be determined based on the actual interest cost incurred on that borrowing during the period of construction less any investment income on the temporary investment of those borrowings.
      Under U.S. GAAP, there is no minimum limit (i.e. 12-month requirement) on the length of the construction period in which the interest cost could be capitalized. Interest income arising from any unused borrowings is recognized directly to current operations.
      As a result, on a U.S. GAAP basis, the Company’s consolidated income before tax would have been Rp.39.1 billion higher in 2003, Rp.26.8 billion higher in 2004 and Rp.23.8 billion higher in 2005.

113

Table of Contents

Revenue-Sharing Arrangements
      Under Indonesian GAAP, property, plant and equipment built by an investor under revenue-sharing arrangements are recognized as property, plant and equipment under revenue-sharing arrangements in the accounting records of the party to whom ownership in such properties will be transferred at the end of the revenue-sharing period, with a corresponding initial credit to unearned income. The property, plant and equipment are depreciated over their useful lives, while the unearned income is amortized over the revenue-sharing period. The Company records its share of the revenues earned net of amounts due to the investors.
      Under U.S. GAAP, the revenue-sharing arrangements are recorded in a manner similar to capital leases where the fixed assets and obligation under revenue-sharing arrangements are reflected on the balance sheet. All the revenues generated from the revenue-sharing arrangements are recorded as a component of operating revenues, while a portion of the investors’ share of revenue from the revenue-sharing arrangements is recorded as interest expense and the balance is treated as a reduction of the obligation under revenue-sharing arrangements.
      In connection with the different treatment of revenue-sharing arrangements under U.S. GAAP and Indonesian GAAP, the Company’s consolidated income before tax under U.S. GAAP would have been Rp.23.2 billion higher in 2003, Rp.155.4 billion higher in 2004 and Rp.69.2 billion higher in 2005.
Employee Benefit Plans
      As of January 1, 2005, the Company adopted PSAK 24R in accounting for pension benefit cost, post-retirement health care benefit cost and long service award benefit cost for Indonesian GAAP purposes. PSAK 24R requires the adoption of its provisions retrospectively as of January 1, 2004. Prior to 2004, there were no differences between Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP with respect to the accounting for post-retirement health care benefit cost and long service award benefit cost. However, the differences with respect to pension benefit cost were as follows:
i. Under Indonesian GAAP, the prior service cost attributable to the increases in pension benefits for pensioners were directly charged to expense in those years. Under U.S. GAAP, because the majority of plan participants are still active, such prior service cost is deferred and amortized systematically over the estimated remaining service period for active employees.
 
ii. Under Indonesian GAAP, the Company amortized the cumulative unrecognized actuarial gain or loss over four years. Under U.S. GAAP, any cumulative unrecognized actuarial gain or loss exceeding 10 percent of the greater of projected benefit obligation or fair value of plan assets is recognized in the statement of income on a straight-line basis over the expected average remaining service period.
 
iii. Under Indonesian GAAP, recognition of a minimum liability is not required. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company would be required to recognize an additional minimum liability when the accumulated benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of the plan assets, and an equal amount would be recognized as an intangible asset, provided that the asset recognized does not exceed the amount of unrecognized prior service cost.
      Starting in 2004, the differences between the Company’s accounting for pension benefit cost, post-retirement health care benefit cost and long service award benefit cost under Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP are as follows:
i. Under Indonesian GAAP, the prior service cost is recognized immediately if vested or amortized over the vesting period. Under U.S. GAAP, prior service cost (vested and non-vested benefits) is generally deferred and amortized systematically over the estimated remaining service period for active employees.

114

Table of Contents

ii. Different dates of implementation caused significant differences in cumulative unrecognized actuarial gains and losses. However, the cumulative unrecognized actuarial gains and losses under Indonesian GAAP is now recognized in a manner similar to U.S. GAAP.
 
iii. Under Indonesian GAAP, the transition obligation was recognized on January 1, 2004, the date PSAK 24R was adopted. Under U.S. GAAP, the transition obligation is deferred and amortized systematically over the estimated remaining service period for active employees.
 
iv. The difference between Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP in connection with the recognition of minimum liability remains unchanged.
      As a result, the Company’s consolidated income before tax under U.S. GAAP would have been Rp.109.3 billion lower in 2003, Rp.346.9 billion lower in 2004 and Rp.300.3 billion lower in 2005. See Note 54 to TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements.
Equity in Net Income or Loss of Associated Companies
      The Company records its equity in net income or loss of associated companies based on the associates’ financial statements that have been prepared under Indonesian GAAP.
      For U.S. GAAP reporting purposes, the Company recognizes the effect of the differences between U.S. GAAP and Indonesian GAAP at the investee level in the investment accounts and its share of the net income or loss and other comprehensive income or loss of those associates.
      As a result, on a U.S. GAAP basis, the Company’s consolidated income before tax would have been Rp.0.2 billion lower in 2003, Rp.0.2 billion lower in 2004 and Rp.0.2 billion lower in 2005.
Land Rights
      In Indonesia, the title of land rests with the State under the Basic Agrarian Law No. 5 of 1960. Land use is accomplished through land rights whereby the holder of the right enjoys the full use of the land for a stated period of time, subject to extensions. The land rights generally are freely tradeable and may be pledged as security under borrowing agreements. Under Indonesian GAAP, land ownership is not depreciated unless it can be foreseen that the possibility for the holder to obtain an extension or renewal of the rights is remote.
      Under U.S. GAAP, the cost of land rights is amortized over the economic useful life which represents the contractual period of the land rights.
      As a result, the Company’s consolidated income before tax would have been Rp.10.2 billion lower in 2003, Rp.13.9 billion lower in 2004 and Rp.4.9 billion lower in 2005 under U.S. GAAP reporting.
Revenue Recognition
      Under Indonesian GAAP, revenue from cellular and fixed wireless services connection fees are recognized as income when the connection takes place (for postpaid service) or at the time of delivery of starter packs to distributors, dealers or customers (for prepaid service). Installation fees for wireline services are recognized at the time of installation. The revenue from calling cards (“Kartu Telepon”) is recognized when the Company sells the card.
      Under U.S. GAAP, revenue from front-end fees and incremental costs up to, but not exceeding such fees, are deferred and recognized over the expected term of the customer relationship. Revenues from calling cards are recognized upon usage or expiration.
      Consequently, the Company’s consolidated income before tax under U.S. GAAP would have been Rp.53.2 billion lower in 2003, Rp.54.2 billion higher in 2004 and Rp.5.0 billion higher in 2005.

115

Table of Contents

Goodwill
      Under Indonesian GAAP, goodwill is amortized over a period, not exceeding 20 years, that it is expected to benefit the Company.
      Under U.S. GAAP, goodwill is not amortized but rather subjected to an annual test for impairment.
      Consequently, the Company’s consolidated income before tax under U.S. GAAP would have been Rp.21.3 billion higher in 2003, Rp.21.3 billion higher in 2004 and Rp.21.3 billion higher in 2005.
Capital Leases
      Under Indonesian GAAP, a leased asset is capitalized only if all of the following criteria are met: (a) the lessee has an option to purchase the leased asset at the end of the lease period at a price agreed upon at the inception of the lease agreement, and (b) the sum of periodic lease payments, plus the residual value, will cover the acquisition price of the leased asset and related interest, and (c) there is a minimum lease period of 2 years.
      Under U.S. GAAP, a leased asset is capitalized if one of the following criteria is met: (a) there is an automatic transfer of ownership at the end of the lease term; or (b) the lease contains a bargain purchase option; or (c) the lease term is for 75% or more of the economic life of the asset; or (d) the net present value of minimum lease payments are at least 90% of the fair value of the asset.
      Consequently, the Company’s consolidated income before tax under U.S. GAAP would have been Rp.6.9 billion higher in 2003, Rp.3.4 billion lower in 2004 and Rp.47.5 billion lower in 2005.
Acquisition of Dayamitra
      On May 17, 2001, the Company acquired a 90.32% interest in Dayamitra and contemporaneously acquired a call option to buy the other 9.68% interest at a fixed price at a stated future date, and provided to the minority interest holder a put option to sell the other 9.68% to the Company under those same terms; meaning the fixed price of the call is equal to the fixed price of the put option. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company should account for the option contracts on a combined basis with the minority interest and account for it as a financing of the purchase of the remaining 9.68% minority interest. As such, under U.S. GAAP, the Company has consolidated 100% of Dayamitra and attributed the stated yield earned under the combined derivative and minority interest position to interest expense since May 17, 2001.
      On December 14, 2004, the Company exercised the call option to acquire the remaining 9.68% interest in Dayamitra.
      Under Indonesian GAAP, prior to December 14, 2004, the Company accounted for the remaining 9.68% of Dayamitra as minority interest. In addition, the option price that had been paid by the Company was presented as “Advance payments for investments in shares of stock.” The Company started consolidating the remaining 9.68% of Dayamitra on December 14, 2004 following the exercise of the option.
      The differences in the timing of the 9.68% ownership interest recognition gives rise to differences in the timing and amounts of purchase consideration and liability recognized under Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP.
      Consequently, the Company’s consolidated income before tax under U.S. GAAP would have been Rp.24.5 billion lower in 2003, Rp.72.4 billion lower in 2004 and Rp.5.1 billion higher in 2005.
Reversal of Difference Due to Change of Equity in Associated Companies
      Under Indonesian GAAP, differences previously credited directly to equity as a result of equity transactions in associated companies are released to the statement of income upon the sale of an interest in the associate in proportion with the percentage of the interest sold.

116

Table of Contents

      Under U.S. GAAP, it is the Company’s policy to include differences resulting from equity transactions in associated companies in equity. Such amounts cannot be released to the statement of income and consequently remain in equity indefinitely.
      Consequently, the Company’s consolidated income before tax under U.S. GAAP would have been Rp.38.4 billion lower in 2003, and no change in 2004 and 2005.
Asset Retirement Obligations
      Under Indonesian GAAP, legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets that result from the acquisition, construction, development and/or the normal operation of long-lived assets are charged to current operations as incurred.
      Under U.S. GAAP, the estimated fair value of such obligations is accrued at the time of acquisition with an equal amount capitalized to the related long-lived assets and depreciated over the useful life of the assets. The Company and its subsidiaries identified their asset retirement obligations by reviewing contractual agreements to identify whether the Company and its subsidiaries are required to settle any obligations as a result of the prevailing laws, statute, ordinance, written or by legal construction of a contract under the doctrine of promissory estoppel.
      Consequently, the Company’s consolidated income before tax under U.S. GAAP would have been Rp.0.8 billion lower in 2003, Rp.0.8 billion lower in 2004 and Rp.0.8 billion lower in 2005.
Deferred Income Taxes
      Under Indonesian GAAP, the Company does not recognize deferred taxes on temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and tax bases of equity method investments when it is not probable that these differences will reverse in the foreseeable future.
      Under U.S. GAAP, deferred taxes are recognized in full on temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and tax bases of equity method investments.
      Consequently, the Company’s consolidated net income under U.S. GAAP would have been Rp.119.5 billion higher in 2003, Rp.11.2 billion lower in 2004 and Rp.3.2 billion lower in 2005.
Impairment of Assets
      Under Indonesian GAAP, an impairment loss is recognized whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount of a fixed asset is the greater of its net selling price or value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. An impairment loss can be reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is only reversed to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, if no impairment loss had been recognized.
      Under U.S. GAAP, an impairment loss is recognized whenever the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount of the asset. An impaired asset is written down to its estimated fair value based on quoted market prices in active markets or discounting estimated future cash flows. When an impairment loss is recognized, the adjusted carrying amount of fixed asset becomes its new cost basis and reversals of previously recognized impairment losses are prohibited.
      Through the year ended December 31, 2004, there were no impairment charges recognized by the Company. In 2005, the Company recognized impairment charges on BSS equipment which are part of transmission installation and equipment of fixed wireless assets. The sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) relating to these impaired assets is less than the

117

Table of Contents

carrying amount of the assets and therefore, for U.S. GAAP reporting purposes, these assets have been written down to their estimated fair values based on discounted estimated future cash flows. The estimated fair values of the impaired assets determined under U.S. GAAP are the same as those determined under Indonesian GAAP; accordingly, there were no differences between Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP.
Gain (loss) on Disposal of Property, Plant and Equipment
      Under Indonesian GAAP, the Company classifies gain (loss) on disposal of property, plant and equipment as a component of other income (expenses) which is excluded from determination of operating income.
      Under U.S. GAAP, gain (loss) on disposal of property, plant and equipment is classified as a component of operating expenses and hence included in the determination of operating income.
      Consequently, the Company’s operating income under U.S. GAAP would have been Rp.182.9 billion higher in 2003, Rp.26.1 billion lower in 2004 and Rp.46.2 billion higher in 2005, and other income (expenses) would have been lower (higher) by the same amounts in each of 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, due to the inclusion of the gain (loss) on disposal of property, plant and equipment in the determination of operating income.
Reversal of Difference in Value of Restructuring Transactions Between Entities Under Common Control
      Under Indonesian GAAP, the Company is required to reclassify the difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control as of January 1, 2005 as a direct adjustment to retained earnings when the common control relationship between the transacting parties no longer exists as of January 1, 2005.
      Under U.S. GAAP, difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control remains in equity indefinitely as part of the additional paid-in capital.

118

Table of Contents

      The amounts included in the reconciliation below show the income tax effects of the differences between Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP as described above.
      A summary of the significant adjustments to consolidated net income for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and to consolidated stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 which would be required if U.S. GAAP had been applied, instead of Indonesian GAAP, in the consolidated financial statements are set forth below:
                             
        2004    
    2003   (As restated)   2005
             
    Rp. million   Rp. million   Rp. million
Net income according to the consolidated statements of income prepared under Indonesian GAAP(1)
     6,087,227       6,614,568       7,993,566  
                   
U.S. GAAP adjustments — increase (decrease) due to:
                        
 
Termination benefits
     (670,981 )     —       —  
 
Capitalization of foreign exchange gains and losses, net of related depreciation of (Rp.76,756) million, (Rp.75,870) million and (Rp.77,010) million, respectively
     76,756       1,587       77,010  
 
Interest capitalized on property under construction, net of related depreciation of (Rp.8,787) million, (Rp.13,392) million and (Rp.17,275) million, respectively
     39,077       26,802       23,825  
 
Revenue-sharing arrangements
     23,159       155,369       69,173  
 
Pension
     (109,334 )     (148,517 )     (104,877 )
 
Post-retirement health care
     —       (75,964 )     (104,466 )
 
Long service awards
     —       (122,462 )     (90,933 )
 
Equity in net income (loss) of associated companies
     (170 )     (177 )     (192 )
 
Amortization of land rights
     (10,212 )     (13,907 )     (4,881 )
 
Revenue recognition
     (53,226 )     54,159       5,046  
 
Goodwill
     21,270       21,270       21,270  
 
Capital leases
     6,882       (3,435 )     (47,524 )
 
Adjustment for consolidation of Dayamitra
     (24,476 )     (72,361 )     5,084  
 
Reversal of difference due to change of equity in associated companies
     (38,425 )     —       —  
 
Asset retirement obligations
     (848 )     (848 )     (848 )
 
Deferred income tax:
                        
   
Deferred income tax on equity method investments
     119,456       (11,234 )     (3,206 )
   
Deferred income tax effect on U.S. GAAP adjustments
     323,089       61,742       18,288  
                   
      (297,983 )     (127,976 )     (137,231 )
 
Minority interest
     1,396       (18,019 )     (16,244 )
                   
 
Net adjustments
     (296,587 )     (145,995 )     (153,475 )
                   
Net income in accordance with U.S. GAAP
     5,790,640       6,468,573       7,840,091  
                   
Net income per share — in full Rupiah amount
     287.23       320.86       388.89  
                   
Net income per ADS — in full Rupiah amount (40 Series B shares per ADS)
     11,489.40       12,834.47       15,555.74  
                   
 
(1)  Net income for the year ended December 31, 2004 under Indonesian GAAP has been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a to the consolidated financial statements).

119

Table of Contents

                     
    2004    
    (As restated)   2005
         
    Rp. million   Rp. million
Stockholders’ equity according to the consolidated balance sheets prepared under Indonesian GAAP(2)
     18,128,036       23,292,401  
             
U.S. GAAP adjustments — increase (decrease) due to:
                
 
Capitalization of foreign exchange differences — net of related depreciation
     (548,886 )     (471,876 )
 
Interest capitalized on property under construction — net of related depreciation
     128,614       152,439  
 
Revenue-sharing arrangements
     (292,327 )     (223,154 )
 
Pension
     1,973,837       1,851,509  
 
Post-retirement health care
     1,142,561       1,038,095  
 
Long service awards
     (122,462 )     (213,395 )
 
Equity in net income (loss) of associated companies
     (18,429 )     (18,621 )
 
Amortization of land rights
     (79,118 )     (83,999 )
 
Revenue recognition
     (714,389 )     (709,343 )
 
Goodwill
     63,809       85,079  
 
Capital leases
     17,688       (29,836 )
 
Adjustment for consolidation of Dayamitra
     (61,728 )     (56,644 )
 
Asset retirement obligations
     (1,696 )     (2,544 )
 
Deferred income tax:
                
   
Deferred income tax on equity method investments
     39,343       35,040  
   
Deferred income tax effect on U.S. GAAP adjustments
     (89,704 )     (66,182 )
             
      1,437,113       1,286,568  
 
Minority interest
     5,763       (10,481 )
             
 
Net adjustments
     1,442,876       1,276,087  
             
 
Stockholders’ equity in accordance with U.S. GAAP
     19,570,912       24,568,488  
             
 
(2)  Stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2004 under Indonesian GAAP has been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a to the consolidated financial statements).
B.     Liquidity and Capital Resources
      TELKOM expects to have substantial liquidity and capital resources requirements in the short and long term as it continues to develop and expand its existing businesses, including entering into new businesses. TELKOM expects that these expenditures will be important factors in preparing to face tight competition as the Indonesian telecommunications market has been deregulated and maintaining its current position as the leading Indonesian telecommunications and full-service network provider.
      TELKOM expects its principal liquidity and capital resources requirements, aside from its requirements for working capital and to make payments of dividends and taxes, will at least consist of the following:
  •  capital expenditures for existing and new network and backbone infrastructure, including a backbone transmission network on Ring JASUKA (Jawa, Sumatra and Kalimantan), Submarine Cable JDM (Jember-Denpasar-Mataram), the expansion of TELKOM’s CDMA wireless access networks, the expansion of Submarine Cable SUB (Surabaya-UjungPandang-Banjarmasin), an additional ground satellite segment in Jakarta, fiber optic transmission network Medan-Padang,

120

Table of Contents

  softswitch development, the installation and upgrading of fixed lines and increased capacity in its mobile cellular service conducted through Telkomsel (see “— Capital Expenditures”);
 
  •  debt service requirements relating to existing indebtedness, including two-step loans, its short-term loan with Bank Central Asia and Bank Niaga, and its medium-term notes of Rp.610 billion, IDR bonds of Rp.1 trillion, loan facility from Bank Central Asia in relation to the construction of Sumatera backbone network, loan from a consortium of banks for the Regional Division V junction project, loans from Citibank N.A. through its Hermes Export facility, High Performance Backbone facility and EKN-Backed facility and a loan from the Export and Import Bank of Korea in connection with the CDMA project and loan facilities of Rp.40,000 million and Rp.2,500 million from Bank Mandiri;
 
  •  installment payments of the purchase price for shares of AriaWest which are expected to be fully paid by January 31, 2009;
 
  •  payments of contribution to TELKOM’s defined benefit pension plan and post-retirement health care plan;
 
  •  fixed monthly payments to MGTI pursuant to the amended and restated agreement for KSO IV, commencing February 2004 and terminating in 2010; and
 
  •  payment of call option price through monthly payment beginning in December 2004 and ending March 2006 relating to the acquisition of 9.68% shares of Dayamitra.

      Liquidity and capital resources will also be required for TELKOM to change its current DLD access code as a result of the end of TELKOM’s exclusive right to provide DLD services, with possible expenditures for the creation of a new routing database and costs for customer education and marketing. TELKOM will be required to fully implement this change in its DLD access code by April 1, 2010. See Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Regulations — DLD and IDD Services.”
      In addition, liquidity and capital resources will be required for the share repurchase plan. See Item 7. “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — A. Major stockholders — General.”
      Primary sources of financing available to TELKOM consist of: (i) cash flow from operating activities; (ii) financing from bonds issuance; (iii) financing from banks or export credit agencies (including financing procured by vendors); and (iv) deferred vendor payment arrangements.
      TELKOM believes that these sources of financing will be sufficient to fund planned capital expenditures, anticipated working capital needs and likely contractual obligations and commitments in the short and long term. Nonetheless, if global or Indonesian economic conditions worsen or do not improve, competition or product substitution accelerates beyond current expectations or the value of the Rupiah depreciates significantly against the U.S. Dollar, TELKOM’s net cash flow from operating activities may decrease and the amount of required capital expenditures in Rupiah terms may increase, any of which may negatively impact its liquidity.
      TELKOM manages the liquidity for all of its businesses, including KSOs controlled by TELKOM, on a total group basis. However, Telkomsel manages its own liquidity and accesses capital resources, independently of TELKOM.
      With regard to Telkomsel, its management expects to continue focusing on enhancing and expanding Telkomsel’s network capacity and infrastructure. It is expected that these expenditures will allow Telkomsel to maintain its position as the leading provider of mobile cellular services in Indonesia in an increasingly competitive market for such services. In recent years, Telkomsel’s primary source of financing has been cash flow from operating activities. Telkomsel’s management believes that Telkomsel will continue to generate sufficient cash flow from its operating activities to fund planned capital expenditures in the short and long term.

121

Table of Contents

     Defaults and Waivers of Defaults under our Debt Facilities
      In 2005 we were in breach of certain covenants in our High Performance Backbone debt facilities from Citibank and Bank Central Asia (BCA), and the indenture in connection with our IDR bonds of Rp.1 trillion which require us not to make any loans to or for the benefit of any person which in the aggregate exceed a certain amount. We have obtained written waivers from Citibank International plc, acting as agent for lenders under the relevant facility agreements, BCA and PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk.(BRI), acting as trustee of the IDR bonds.
Net Cash Flows
      The following table sets forth information concerning TELKOM’s consolidated cash flows, as set out in (and prepared on the same basis as) the consolidated financial statements, except for foreign exchange convenience translations (see “— Basis of Presentation — Foreign Exchange Translations”):
                                 
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2003   2004   2005   2005
                 
    Rp. (billion)   Rp. (billion)   Rp. (billion)   US$ (million)
Net cash flows:
                                
     from operating activities
     12,852.5       16,051.5       21,102.7       2,146.8  
     from investing activities
     (7,305.9 )     (9,598.1 )     (12,212.7 )     (1,242.4 )
     from financing activities
     (6,177.4 )     (6,904.9 )     (8,339.4 )     (848.4 )
Change in cash and cash equivalents
     (630.8 )     (451.5 )     550.6       56.0  
Effect of foreign exchange changes on cash and cash equivalents
     26.2       213.1       (32.0 )     (3.3 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
     5,699.1       5,094.5       4,856.1       494.0  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
     5,094.5       4,856.1       5,374.7       546.7  
     Net Cash Flows from Operating Activities
      TELKOM’s primary source of liquidity in recent years was cash flows from operating activities and from financing activities. Net cash flows from operating activities totaled Rp.12,852.5 billion in 2003, Rp.16,051.5 billion in 2004 and Rp.21,102.7 billion (US$2,146.8 million) in 2005. In 2004, the growth in operating cash flows principally resulted from higher cash receipts from operating revenues as a result of an increase in data and Internet revenues, the expansion of TELKOM’s fixed line business as well as the acquisition of KSO IV, growth in its mobile cellular business conducted through Telkomsel and higher interconnection revenues from mobile cellular operators. In 2005, the growth in operating cash flows principally resulted from higher cash receipts from operating revenues as a result of growth in its mobile cellular business conducted through Telkomsel, higher interconnection revenues from mobile cellular operators and IDD operators and its IDD service business (TIC-007), and higher data and Internet revenues due to increased SMS, data communication and broadband Internet access network usage.
     Year ended December 31, 2005 compared to year ended December 31, 2004.
      In 2005 compared to 2004, net cash flows from operating activities increased by Rp.5,051.2 billion, or 31.5%, primarily due to:
  •  an increase of Rp.4,327.7 billion, or 41.2%, in cash receipts from cellular business, primarily due to a growth in the mobile cellular business of Telkomsel;
 
  •  an increase of Rp.1,636.9 billion, or 28.4%, in cash receipts from interconnection services, primarily due to an increase in cellular interconnection fees, resulting from an increased mobile cellular subscriber base in Indonesia; and

122

Table of Contents

  •  an increase of Rp.1,978.8 billion, or 39.8%, in cash receipts from data and Internet primarily due to increases in SMS usage by Telkomsel subscribers and the number of Speedy subscribers.
      This increase was partially offset by:
  •  an increase of Rp.2,684.1 billion, or 21.9%, in cash payments for operating expenses, which is in line with the increase in operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization, write-down of assets and loss on procurement commitments).
     Year ended December 31, 2004 compared to year ended December 31, 2003.
      In 2004 compared to 2003, net cash flows from operating activities increased by Rp.3,199.0 billion, or 24.9%, primarily due to:
  •  an increase of Rp.2,760.2 billion, or 124.7%, in cash receipts from data and Internet services, particularly from greater SMS usage by Telkomsel subscribers;
 
  •  an increase of Rp.1,882.6 billion, or 23.0%, in cash receipts from fixed lines telephone services, primarily from the increase in the number of subscribers for fixed wireline and fixed wireless services, as well as from the acquisition of KSO IV;
 
  •  an increase of Rp.1,562.6 billion, or 37.2%, in cash receipts from interconnection, primarily due to an increase in interconnection fees collected from mobile cellular operators; and
 
  •  an increase of Rp.1,572.3 billion, or 17.6%, in cash receipts from cellular, due to growth in mobile cellular business conducted through Telkomsel.
      This increase was partially offset by:
  •  an increase of Rp.3,408.8 billion, or 38.5%, in cash payments for operating expenses, which is in line with the increase in operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization); and
 
  •  a decrease of Rp.648.1 billion, or 54.2%, in cash receipts from joint operation schemes, primarily due to the acquisition of KSO IV.
Net Cash Flows from Investing Activities
      Net cash flows used in investing activities totaled Rp.7,305.9 billion, Rp.9,598.1 billion and Rp.12,212.7 billion (US$1,242.4 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. In 2003, 2004 and 2005, the net cash used in investing activities were primarily used for capital expenditures.
      Apart from cash on hand and cash in banks, TELKOM invests the majority of its excess cash from time to time in time deposits. Since May 14, 2004, TELKOM also has been investing a part of its excess cash in Rupiah-based mutual funds. At December 31, 2005, Rp.159.9 billion of time deposit had a maturity greater than three months and Rp.22 billion (US$2.2 million) of mutual funds were outstanding.
     Year ended December 31, 2005 compared to year ended December 31, 2004.
      In 2005 compared to 2004, net cash flows used in investment activities increased by Rp.2,614.6 billion, or 27.2%, primarily due to:
  •  an increase of Rp.3,538.1 billion, or 41.3%, in the acquisition of property, plant and equipment, primarily due to an additional installation of transmission stations, earth stations and equipment, cable network and an investment in data processing equipment.
      This increase was partially offset by a decrease of Rp.851.2 billion, or 80%, in cash payments for advances for the purchase of property, plant and equipment.

123

Table of Contents

     Year ended December 31, 2004 compared to year ended December 31, 2003.
      In 2004 compared to 2003, net cash flows used in investment activities increased by Rp.2,292.2 billion, or 31.4%, primarily due to:
  •  a decrease of Rp.1,609.9 billion, or 84.9%, in the cash proceeds from sale of temporary investments and the maturity of time deposits; and
 
  •  an increase of Rp.1,063.4 billion for payments of advances for the purchase of property, plant and equipment.
Net Cash Flows from Financing Activities
      Net cash flows used in financing activities totaled Rp.6,177.4 billion, Rp.6,904.9 billion and Rp.8,339.4 billion (US$848.4 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. In all three years, net cash flows from financing activities were driven primarily by repayments of outstanding indebtedness and by payments of cash dividends. In 2005, cash flow used in financing activities increased by Rp.1,434.5 billion, or 20.8%, primarily resulting from a 148.3% increase in payments of cash dividends to minority shareholders of subsidiaries to Rp.1,694.3 billion, a 193.6% decrease in proceeds from short-term borrowings (net of repayments) from net proceeds of Rp.1,062.2 billion in 2004 to net repayments of Rp.994.7 billion in 2005, and a 76.1% decrease in proceeds from long-term borrowings to Rp.570.0 billion. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of Rp.4,011.0 billion in repayments of long-term borrowings.
     Repayments of Current Indebtedness.
      At December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, approximately 89.2%, 72.7% and 72.7%, respectively, of TELKOM’s current indebtedness for borrowed money (consisting of current maturities of long-term liabilities and short-term bank loans) were denominated in foreign currencies, principally the U.S. Dollar, such that the Rupiah amount of TELKOM’s cash flows used for the repayment of long-term liabilities was significantly affected by the depreciation of the Rupiah in 2004 and 2005, compared to the appreciation of the Rupiah in 2003.
      In 2003, 2004 and 2005, TELKOM made net repayments of current indebtedness for borrowed money of Rp.3,050.0 billion, Rp.7,601.6 billion and Rp.4,096.8 billion (US$416.8 million), respectively. Cash outflows in 2005 reflected payments for:
  •  two-step loans of Rp.716.3 billion;
 
  •  liabilities from business acquisitions of AriaWest and KSO IV of Rp.568.8 billion;
 
  •  Rp.2,336.1 billion for payment of bank loans; and
 
  •  Rp.475.6 billion for payment of medium-term notes and obligations under capital leases.
     Payment of Cash Dividends.
      TELKOM paid cash dividends, as determined by the Company’s annual shareholder meeting, as follows:
                         
    Dividend   Total Cash   Dividend
Date of AGMS   Year   Dividends   per Share(1)
             
        (Rp. billion)   (Rp.)
May 9, 2003
     2002       3,338.1       331.16  
July 30, 2004
     2003       3,043.6       301.95  
June 24, 2005
     2004       3,064.6 (2)     152.01  
 
(1)  Dividend per share for 2002 and 2003 were prior to the two-for-one stock split as resolved in the AGMS on July 30, 2004.
 
(2)  Including interim cash dividends distributed in December 2004 amounting to Rp.143.4 billion.

124

Table of Contents

     In 2003, 2004 and 2005, the amount of cash dividends paid was effectively determined by the Government, which holds a majority of TELKOM’s issued and outstanding common shares. TELKOM believes that the Government considers various factors, including the views of TELKOM’s board of directors and the Government’s own funding needs in determining the portion of each year’s net income to be paid out as cash dividends.
      In 2003, 2004 and 2005, cash dividends paid to minority shareholders of subsidiaries amounted to Rp.402.0 billion, Rp.682.4 billion and Rp.1,694.3 billion, respectively, which primarily represented cash dividends paid to minority shareholders of Telkomsel.
     Escrow Accounts.
      In 2005, TELKOM recorded a net increase in escrow accounts of Rp.96.2 billion (US$9.8 million), primarily resulting from the funds deposited into the escrow accounts in connection with the payment of TELKOM’s obligations for the acquisition of the remaining 9.68% of the shares of Dayamitra. See Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — General — Joint Operation Scheme”.
Working Capital
      Net working capital, calculated as the difference between current assets and current liabilities, was Rp.(2,473.1) billion at December 31, 2004 and Rp.(3,208.6) billion (US$(326.4) million) at December 31, 2005. The decrease in net working capital was principally due to increases in trade accounts payable, taxes payable, accrued expenses and unearned income. These increases were partially offset by increases in cash and cash equivalent, trade accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, and a decrease in short-term bank loans.
     Current Assets
      Current assets were Rp.9,203.9 billion at December 31, 2004 and Rp.10,304.6 billion (US$1,048.3 million) at December 31, 2005, reflecting an increase of Rp.1,100.7 billion, or 12.0%. The increase in current assets was primarily due to:
  •  an increase of Rp.518.6 billion, or 10.7%, in cash and cash equivalents from Rp.4,856.1 billion in 2004 to Rp.5,374.7 billion in 2005;
 
  •  an increase of Rp.149.8 billion, or 23.8%, in prepaid expenses from Rp.628.1 billion in 2004 to Rp.777.9 billion in 2005;
 
  •  an increase of Rp.258.8 billion, or 7.8%, in trade accounts receivable from Rp.3,319.1 billion in 2004 to Rp.3,577.9 billion in 2005;
 
  •  an increase of Rp.97.4 billion, or 174.6%, in other accounts receivable from Rp.55.8 billion in 2004 to Rp.153.2 billion in 2005; and
 
  •  an increase of Rp.114.9 billion, or 257.6%, in other current assets from Rp.44.6 billion in 2004 to Rp.159.5 billion in 2005.
      These increases were partially offset by:
  •  a decrease of Rp.58.3 billion, or 75.5%, in prepaid taxes from Rp.77.2 billion in 2004 to Rp.18.9 billion in 2005.
      At December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, approximately 19.4%, 22.3% and 17.8%, respectively, of TELKOM’s current assets were denominated in foreign currencies, principally the U.S. Dollar in 2003, the Euro and the U.S. Dollar in 2004 and the U.S. Dollar in 2005, such that the movements of Rupiah exchange rate against U.S. Dollar and Euro across these years would affect TELKOM’s current assets.

125

Table of Contents

     Trade Accounts Receivable.
      Trade accounts receivable from related parties (net of allowance for doubtful accounts) increased by Rp.111.3 billion, or 26.6%, from Rp.419.1 billion as of December 31, 2004 to Rp.530.4 billion (US$54 million) at December 31, 2005. Trade accounts receivable from third parties (net of allowance for doubtful accounts) increased by Rp.147.5 billion, or 5.1%, from Rp.2,900.0 billion at December 31, 2004 to Rp.3,047.5 billion (US$310 million) at December 31, 2005, primarily due to an increase in trade accounts receivable from residential and business subscribers. In the case of trade accounts receivable from related parties, the increase was primarily due to an increase in trade accounts receivable from the government agencies.
      The allowance for doubtful accounts for trade accounts receivable from related parties increased by Rp.19.4 billion, or 29.9%, from Rp.64.9 billion at December 31, 2004 to Rp.84.3 billion (US$8.6 million) at December 31, 2005, in line with the increase in the amount of accounts receivable from related parties.
      At December 31, 2005 compared to December 31, 2004, the allowance for doubtful accounts for trade receivables from third parties increased by Rp.144.3 billion, or 31.6%, from Rp.457.1 billion to Rp.601.4 billion (US$61.2 million), in line with the increase in the amount of accounts receivable from third parties.
     Other Current Assets.
      At December 31, 2005, Rp.159.5 billion (US$16.2 million) of TELKOM’s time deposits with maturity of less than one year were restricted for security interests for bank guarantees.
Current Liabilities
      Current liabilities were Rp.11,677.0 billion at December 31, 2004 and Rp.13,513.2 billion (US$1,374.7 million) at December 31, 2005, reflecting an increase of Rp.1,836.2 billion, or 15.7%. The increase in current liabilities primarily arose from increases in the following: (a) trade accounts payable; (b) taxes payable; (c) accrued expenses; and (d) unearned income.
      At December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, approximately 42.5%, 31.6% and 31.4%, respectively, of TELKOM’s current liabilities were denominated in foreign currencies, principally the U.S. Dollar, such that the movement of Rupiah exchange rate against U.S. Dollar across these years significantly affected TELKOM’s current liabilities.
     Current Maturities of Long-term Liabilities.
      Current maturities of long-term liabilities decreased by Rp.73.9 billion, or 3.2%, from Rp.2,300.8 billion at December 31, 2004 to Rp.2,226.9 billion (US$226.5 million) at December 31, 2005. This decrease was primarily due to the decreases in current maturities of the two-step loans and TELKOM’s medium-term notes, which decrease was partially offset by increases in current maturities of bank loans and liabilities of business acquisitions.
     Accrued Expenses.
      Accrued expenses increased by Rp.469.8 billion, or 44.7%, from Rp.1,051.4 billion at December 31, 2004 to Rp.1,521.2 billion (US$154.8 million) at December 31, 2005. The increase was primarily due to an increase of Rp.201.5 billion, or 83.1%, in accruals for general, administrative and marketing expenses from Rp.242.6 billion at December 31, 2004 to Rp.444.1 billion at December 31, 2005, an increase of Rp.131.2 billion, or 40.8%, in accrued salaries and benefits from Rp.321.2 billion at December 31, 2004 to Rp.452.4 billion at December 31, 2005, and an increase of Rp.86.8 billion, or 26.7% in accruals for operations, maintenance and telecommunication services expenses from Rp.324.3 billion at December 31, 2004 to Rp.411.1 billion at December 31, 2005.

126

Table of Contents

Indebtedness
      Consolidated total indebtedness (consisting of long-term liabilities, current maturities of long-term liabilities and short-term bank loans) at December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, was as follows:
                                 
    At December 31,
     
    2003   2004   2005   2005
                 
        (Rp. in billion)       (US$ in million)
Indonesian Rupiah(1)
     4,485.1       4,550.0       4,009.0       407.8  
U.S. Dollar(2),(3)
     8,562.2       9,904.2       7,993.9       812.8  
Japanese Yen(4)
     1,377.7       1,512.4       1,302.6       132.5  
EURO(5)
     890.7       649.7       427.7       43.5  
                         
Total
     15,315.7       16,616.3       13,733.2       1,396.6  
                         
 
(1)  Amounts at December 31, 2005 include debt issuance costs for medium-term notes of Rp.0.7 billion. In addition for 2003, 2004 and 2005, amounts also include bond issuance costs for TELKOM bonds of Rp.18.7 billion, Rp.13.4 billion and Rp.8.15 billion.
(2)  Amounts at December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 translated into Rupiah at Rp.8,450, Rp.9,300 and Rp.9,835 = US$1, respectively, being the Reuters sell rates for U.S. Dollars at each of those dates.
(3)  Amounts at December 31, 2003 include imputed interest on liabilities of business acquisitions relating to Pramindo and AriaWest of US$9.5 million (Rp.80.2 billion) and US$14.5 million (Rp.122.4 billion), respectively. Amounts at December 31, 2004 include imputed interest on liabilities of business acquisitions relating to AriaWest, the remaining 9.68% interest in Dayamitra and KSO IV in the amount of US$9.7 million (Rp.90.2 billion), US$1.3 million (Rp.11.9 billion) and US$101.0 million (Rp.938.7 billion), respectively. Amounts at December 31, 2005 included imputed interest on liabilities of business acquisitions relating to Aria West, the remaining 9.68% interest in Dayamitra and KSO IV of US$5.8 million (Rp.57.3 billion), US$0.3 million (Rp.2.5 billion) and US$72.9 million (Rp.717.1 billion), respectively, being imputed interest on installment payments of the foregoing liabilities.
(4)  Amounts at December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 translated into Rupiah at Rp.79.05, Rp.90.6 and Rp.83.89 = Yen 1, respectively, being the prevailing exchange rates for buying Yen at each of those dates.
(5)  Amounts at December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 translated into Rupiah at Rp.10,663.9, Rp.12,666.9 and Rp.11,651.5 = EURO 1, respectively, being the prevailing exchange rate for buying Euros at each of those dates.
     Of total indebtedness at December 31, 2005, Rp.2,400.7 billion, Rp.3,407.2 billion and Rp.7,925.3 billion were scheduled for repayments in 2006, 2007 and 2008-2024, respectively. Of these amounts, Telkomsel was scheduled to repay Rp.493.3 billion in 2006, Rp.323.3 billion in 2007 and Rp.180.7 billion in 2008. Further, Rp.14.3 billion was to be repaid by Dayamitra in 2006. Infomedia was scheduled to repay Rp.4.7 billion, Rp.3.4 billion and Rp.2.3 billion in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.
      TELKOM expects scheduled repayments of indebtedness to be financed primarily from net cash flows from operating activities and re-financing by TELKOM, Telkomsel and Dayamitra, respectively.
      At December 31, 2005, approximately 53.01% of TELKOM’s Rupiah-denominated indebtedness and approximately 24.38% of its U.S. Dollar-denominated indebtedness bore interest at floating rates. TELKOM’s Rupiah-denominated floating rate indebtedness bore interest rates between 8.54% and 13.27%, with rates generally based on interest rates on three-month Certificates of Bank Indonesia (SBI) plus a margin of 1.0%. The weighted average interest rate on Rupiah-denominated floating rate indebtedness at December 31, 2005 was 9.17%. TELKOM’s U.S. Dollar-denominated floating rate indebtedness was subject to interest rates between 4.02% and 5.31%, with rates generally based on floating interest rates offered by the lenders or LIBOR plus a margin of between 0.5% and 0.75%. The weighted average interest rate on U.S. Dollar-denominated floating rate indebtedness at December 31, 2005 was 5.03%. TELKOM’s Rupiah-denominated fixed rate indebtedness at that date bore a weighted average interest rate of 15.29%, while its U.S. Dollar-denominated fixed rate indebtedness bore a weighted average interest rate of 5.70%. All of TELKOM’s Japanese Yen-denominated indebtedness was fixed rate and bore a weighted average interest rate at December 31, 2005 of 3.11%.
      At December 31, 2005, TELKOM had the following outstanding significant indebtedness:
  • Rp.5,329.5 billion (US$542.2 million) (including current maturities) in two-step loans through the Government;

127

Table of Contents

  • Rp.991.9 billion (US$100.9 million) (after bond issuance costs) IDR bonds issued by TELKOM;
 
  • Rp.693.7 billion (US$70.6 million) (including current maturities) in acquisition indebtedness relating to TELKOM’s acquisition of 100% equity interest in AriaWest (after discount);
 
  • Rp.3,151.3 billion (US$320.6 million) representing the present value of fixed monthly payments to be paid to MGTI in respect of the acquisition of KSO IV;
 
  • Rp.609.3 billion (US$62.0 million) medium-term notes (net of debt issuance costs) issued by TELKOM;
 
  • Rp.1,156.3 billion (US$117.6 million) in project financing from the Export and Import Bank of Korea in connection with the CDMA Project;
 
  • Rp.301.0 billion (US$30.6 million) loan for the Sumatera backbone network; and
 
  • Rp.827.3 billion (US$84.2 million) (including current maturities) of Telkomsel’s loan from Citibank International plc through its Hermes Export facility (Rp.427.7 billion) and EKN-Backed facility (Rp.399.6 billion).
Two-Step Loans
      Since 1982, TELKOM has entered into a series of two-step loans in which the Government borrows money from supranational lenders and foreign export credit agencies, such as the World Bank and the U.S. Export-Import Bank, for on-lending to TELKOM to fund investment in property, plant and equipment. TELKOM obtained its last two-step loan in 1994 and, as a public company, is no longer eligible to obtain Government-assisted financing of this type.
      At December 31, 2005, TELKOM’s outstanding principal indebtedness under the two-step loans totaled Rp.5,329.5 billion (US$542.2 million), of which US$227.0 million (Rp.2,232.7 billion) was denominated in U.S. Dollars and ¥15,527.6 million (Rp.1,302.6 billion) was denominated in Japanese Yen. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM has used all facilities of two-step loans and the draw period for the two-step loan has expired.
      Two-step loans bear fixed or floating rates. Floating rates are determined by reference to interest rates on the average of 3-month Certificates of Bank Indonesia (SBI) during the six months preceding the installment due date plus 1.0% per annum or the interest rate offered by lenders plus 5.25% for two-step loans which are payable in Rupiah and the interest rate offered by offshore lenders plus 0.5% for two-step loans which are payable in foreign currencies. Repayments of principal are due on the loans at various dates through 2024. For the years 2006 through 2010, aggregate scheduled repayments of principal range from Rp.418.0 billion to Rp.569.3 billion per year and average Rp.476.3 billion per year.
      The Company must maintain financial ratios as follows:
  • Projected net revenue to projected debt service ratio should exceed 1.5:1 and 1.2:1 for two-step loans originating from World Bank and Asian Development Bank (“ADB”), respectively; and
 
  • Internal financing (earnings before depreciation and interest expenses) should exceed 50% and 20% compared to capital expenditures for loans originally from the World Bank and ADB, respectively.
      As of December 31, 2005, the Company was in compliance with the above covenants.
Direct Borrowings
      Beginning in 2002, TELKOM began funding a significant portion of its capital expenditures through vendor-procured and other direct borrowings from banks and other lenders, including the capital markets. On February 25, 2002, TELKOM borrowed US$4.0 million and Rp.90.0 billion from a consortium of Indonesian banks to finance the development of an Internet protocol backbone.

128

Table of Contents

TELKOM had never previously borrowed directly from a commercial bank to finance capital expenditures. As of December 31, 2005, there was no outstanding amount under these facilities.
      On April 10, 2002, TELKOM borrowed US$51.4 million and Rp.173.0 billion from Citibank N.A. and PT Bank Central Asia to finance the development of a high performance backbone in Sumatera. Citibank loans, which were supported by an export credit guarantee of Hermes Kreditversicherungs AG and Istituto per I Servizi Assicurativi del Commercio Estero (“SACE” Italy), bear interest rate at a rate equal to 6-month LIBOR plus 0.75% and fixed interest rate of 4.14%, respectively. Bank Central Asia loan bears interest at 4.35% plus the 3-month time deposit rate. As of December 31, 2005, the outstanding amounts under these facilities were US$21.9 million and Rp.86.1 billion.
      On June 21, 2002, TELKOM entered into a loan agreement with several Indonesian banks in which Bank Bukopin acted as facility agent for Rp.150 billion to fund the development of the regional junction Regional Division V project. The lenders charged interest at the rate of 19.5% for the first year and at the average 3-month deposit rate plus 4% for the remaining years. A substantial portion of these loans were supported by export credit agency guarantees procured by the equipment vendors for the project. As of December 31, 2005, the outstanding amount under these facilities were Rp.74.89 billion.
      On August 27, 2003 TELKOM entered into a Loan Agreement with The Export-Import Bank of Korea for approximately US$124.0 million, with a portion of the loan amount to be used by TELKOM to finance its obligations under the Master of Procurement Partnership Agreement (“MPPA”) it had entered into with a consortium led by Samsung Corporation. The loan bears interest, commitment and other fees totaling 5.68%. As of December 31, 2005, the outstanding amount under this facility was US$117.6 million.
      On December 20, 2004, TELKOM entered into a short-term debt financing arrangement with Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in the amount of Rp.100.0 billion with interest rate at one-month Certificate of Bank Indonesia plus 1%, and US$49 million with interest rate at LIBOR plus 1.8%. This loan was fully repaid on October 14, 2005.
      On December 21, 2004, TELKOM entered into a US$65.0 million short-term loan facility agreement with ABN AMRO to be used for working capital purposes. The principal amount of US$30 million matured on March 31, 2005 and was repaid, and the principal amount of US$35 million matured on June 30, 2005 and was repaid. The loan bears interest at 3-month US Dollar LIBOR plus 2.5%.
      On December 3, 2004, Telkomsel entered into a short-term loan agreement with Bank Central Asia (BCA) for the total facility of Rp.170 billion. The loan bears interest at the 3-month Bank Indonesia Certificate plus 1% (13.09% as of December 31, 2005), payable in arrears. The principal outstanding as of December 31, 2005 was Rp.170.0 billion. The loan was fully repaid on February 1, 2006.
IDR Bond Issuance
      On July 16, 2002, TELKOM issued bonds denominated in Rupiah amounting to Rp.1,000 billion. The bonds were issued at par value and have a term of five years. The bonds bear interest at a fixed rate of 17% per annum, payable quarterly beginning October 16, 2002. The bonds are traded on the Surabaya Stock Exchange and will mature on July 16, 2007. Net proceeds after bond issuance costs of Rp.19.2 billion amounted to Rp.980.8 billion.
      As of December 31, 2004, all of the bond proceeds have been used, primarily for the CDMA project with the remainder for the access network.
      The Company must maintain the following consolidated financial ratios:
  • Debt service coverage ratio must exceed 1.5:1;
 
  • Debt to equity ratio must not exceed (i) 3:1 for the period January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2002; (ii) 2.5:1 for the period January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2003; and (iii) 2:1 for the period January 1, 2004 to the date the bonds are redeemed; and
 
  • Debt to EBITDA ratio must not exceed 3:1.

129

Table of Contents

      TELKOM also covenanted in the bonds indenture that during the periods the bonds are outstanding, TELKOM would not make any loans to or for the benefit of any person which in the aggregate exceed Rp.500 billion. In 2005, TELKOM breached this covenant. As of March 24, 2006, TELKOM had obtained a written waiver from PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk., the trustee of the bonds, which allows TELKOM to provide loans to certain subsidiaries in an amount which in the aggregate exceeds Rp.500 billion. See “— B. Liquidity and Capital Resources — Defaults and Waivers of Defaults under our Debt Facilities”.
Medium-Term Notes
      On December 13, 2004, TELKOM issued unsecured medium-term notes (“MTN”) in the principal amount of Rp.1.125 trillion in four series, pursuant to a Medium-Term Notes Issuance Agreement dated December 13, 2004. Series A and Series B have matured and have been repaid as of December 31, 2005. Series C is in the principal amount of Rp.145 billion, matures on June 15, 2006 and bears interest at the rate of 8.2% per annum, and Series D is in the principal amount of Rp.465 billion, matures on June 15, 2007 and bears interest at the rate of 9.4% per annum. Interest on the outstanding MTN is payable on June 15, 2006, December 15, 2006 and June 15, 2007. Scheduled interest payments have been made on their due dates as of the date of this Annual Report. The MTN were offered at their principal amounts.
      Under the terms and conditions of the MTN, TELKOM cannot, without prior approval of holders of a majority of the outstanding principal amount of the MTN, take certain actions, including (i) encumber, pledge or charge any part of its assets, with certain exceptions; (ii) provide, or to cause its subsidiaries to provide, any corporate guarantee to any third party, except corporate guarantees relating to the obligations of its subsidiaries, for the purpose of tendering or acquiring assets through export credit; (iii) merge or consolidate with other companies which results in a material adverse effect to the operations and financial condition of TELKOM; and (iv) dispose of assets which are in aggregate more than 5% of TELKOM’s net fixed assets.
      TELKOM is required at the end of each calendar quarter during the life of the MTN to maintain certain financial ratios, namely: (i) debt service coverage ratio of not less than 1.5 to 1; (ii) debt to equity ratio of not more than 2 to 1; and (iii) debt to EBITDA ratio of not more than 3 to 1. As of the date of this Annual Report, TELKOM is in compliance with these ratios.
Acquisition Indebtedness and Option Purchase Price
Dayamitra
      On December 14, 2004, TELKOM exercised the option to buy the remaining 9.68% shares owned by TM Communication in Dayamitra to complete its 100% acquisition of Dayamitra. Payment for the shares in the amount of US$16.2 million will be made on March 26, 2006 through an escrow account in Citibank Singapore. TELKOM has been making monthly payments of US$787,390 to the escrow account starting from December 26, 2004, which will end on March 26, 2006. TELKOM issued a non-transferable promissory note to TM Communications as a guarantee to buy the shares on March 26, 2006, during which TM Communications will concurrently transfer the 9.68% share certificate of Dayamitra to TELKOM. As a result, TELKOM currently controls 100% of Dayamitra.
AriaWest
      On July 31, 2003, TELKOM acquired all the shares of AriaWest. As a result of the acquisition, TELKOM owes the former shareholders of AriaWest US$109.1 million, which is being repaid in ten semi-annual installments from July 31, 2004 through January 31, 2009. As of December 31, 2005, the amount payable to AriaWest’s former shareholders, before unamortized discount, totaled US$76.4 million.

130

Table of Contents

KSO IV
      On January 20, 2004, TELKOM and MGTI entered into an agreement to amend and restate the KSO Agreement with respect to Regional Division IV. For details, see Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — General — Joint Operation Scheme”.
      At December 31, 2005, the remaining monthly payments to be made by TELKOM to MGTI, before unamortized discount, amounted to US$393.3 million (Rp.3,868.4 billion).
Sumatera High Performance Backbone Network
      On April 10, 2002, TELKOM entered into four term loan facilities to finance the construction of the Sumatera high performance backbone network. These four facilities were entered into with (i) Bank Central Asia, for Rp.173 billion; (ii) Citibank, N.A., for US$6.95 million; (iii) Citibank International plc as agent for certain lenders under a syndicated loan, for US$23.40 million (supported by an export credit guarantee of Hermes Kreditversicherungs AG); and (iv) Citibank International plc as agent for certain lenders under a syndicated loan, for US$21.00 million (supported by an export credit guarantee of Istituto per I Servizi Assicurativi del Commercio Estero). As of December 31, 2005, all of these facilities have been fully or partially utilized, with the US$6.95 million loan to Citibank, N.A. being fully repaid in May 2003.
      Under the facility with Bank Central Asia, TELKOM is required at the end of each calendar quarter during the life of the facility to maintain certain financial ratios, namely: (i) debt to EBITDA ratio of not more than 3 to 1; (ii) EBITDA to interest expense ratio of at least 4 to 1; and (iii) EBITDA to interest expense and principal ratio of at least 1.5 to 1. TELKOM also covenanted in this facility that TELKOM would not make any loans to or for the benefit of any person which in the aggregate exceed Rp.500 billion. In 2005, TELKOM breached this covenant. As of April 24, 2006, TELKOM had obtained a written waiver from Bank Central Asia with regard to providing loans to certain subsidiaries, in an amount which in the aggregate exceeds Rp.500 billion . See “— B. Liquidity and Capital Resources — Defaults and Waivers of Defaults under our Debt Facilities.
      Under the other outstanding facilities, during the period when the subject loans are outstanding, TELKOM is required to maintain the following financial ratios:
        (i) debt service coverage ratio of not less than 1.5 to 1; (ii) debt to equity ratio of not more than: (a) 3 to 1 for the period of April 10, 2002 to January 1, 2003, (b) 2.75 to 1 for the period of January 2, 2003 to January 1, 2004, (c) 2.5 to 1 for the period of January 2, 2004 to January 1, 2005 and (d) 2 to 1 for the period of January 2, 2005 to the full repayment date of the loans (iii) debt to EBITDA ratio of not more than: (a) 3.5 to 1 for the period from April 10, 2002 to January 1, 2004 (b) 3 to 1 for the period from January 2, 2004 to the full repayment date of the loans. TELKOM also covenanted in these facilities that TELKOM would not make any loans or grant any credit to or for the benefit of any person in an amount which in the aggregate exceeds 3% of TELKOM’s stockholders’ equity. In 2005, TELKOM breached this covenant. As of May 12, 2006, TELKOM had obtained a written waiver from Citibank International plc with regard to providing loans to certain subsidiaries, which in the aggregate exceed 3% of TELKOM’s stockholders’ equity. See “— B. Liquidity and Capital Resources — Defaults and Waivers of Defaults under our Debt Facilities.
Regional Division V Junction Project
      On June 21, 2002, TELKOM entered into a loan agreement with a consortium of banks for a Rp.400 billion facility in order to finance the Regional Division V junction project. The original loan was to be repaid in 14 quarterly installments starting from April 2004. The loan agreement was amended on April 4, 2003 to reduce the facility amount to Rp.150 billion and provide for repayments to be made in 14 quarterly installments starting on May 21, 2004. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM had drawn down a total of Rp.148.9 billion of this loan. As of December 31, 2005, the outstanding amount of the loan was Rp.74.89 billion.

131

Table of Contents

      Under this loan agreement, TELKOM is required at the end of each calendar quarter during the life of the facility to maintain certain financial ratios, namely: (i) debt to equity ratio of not more than 3 to 1; and (ii) EBITDA to interest expense ratio of not less than 5 to 1. As of the date of this Annual Report, TELKOM is in compliance with these ratios.
Telkomsel’s Indebtedness (including facilities)
Hermes Export Facility
      On December 2, 2002, pursuant to the Partnership Agreement with Siemens Aktiengesellschaft (AG), Telkomsel entered into a Hermes Export Facility Agreement with Citibank International plc (as Original Lender and Agent) providing a total facility of EUR 76.2 million divided into several tranches. The agreement was subsequently amended with the latest amendment on October 15, 2003, to reduce the facility amount to EUR 73.4 million. The interest rate on this facility is the aggregate of applicable margin, EURIBOR and “mandatory cost” incurred to comply with the requirements of foreign banking or financial regulatory agencies, if any, and is paid semi-annually, starting on the utilization date of the facility (May 29, 2003). Interest paid for the loan was at 2.96% and 3.33% per annum as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively. As of December 31, 2005, total loans drawn from the facility amounted to EUR 73.4 million and the outstanding balance was EUR 36.7 million.
EKN-Backed Facility
      On December 2, 2002, pursuant to the partnership agreement with PT Ericsson Indonesia, Telkomsel entered into the EKN-Backed Facility Agreement with Citibank International plc (as Original Lender and Agent) covering a total facility amount of US$70.5 million divided into several tranches. In December 2004, the agreement was amended to reduce the facility amount to US$68.9 million. The interest rate on the facility is based on the aggregate of the applicable margin, commercial interest reference rate and mandatory compliance cost, if any (i.e., 4.02% as of December 31, 2004 and 2005). Interest is paid semi-annually, starting on the date amounts are drawn (July 31, 2003). As of December 31, 2005, Telkomsel had drawn down US$68.95 million from this facility and the outstanding balance was US$40.65 million.
     Dayamitra’s Indebtedness
      As of December 31, 2005, Dayamitra had an indebtedness outstanding of Rp.14.3 billion (US$1.5 million), representing loan facilities from Bank Mandiri pursuant to the terms of loan agreements entered into on December 20, 2003. The loans are payable on a quarterly basis until the fourth quarter of 2006 and bear interest at 14% per annum.
Capital Expenditures
      At December 31, 2005, TELKOM (unconsolidated) incurred capital expenditures of Rp.3,367.8 billion (US$342.6 million), which was less than the Rp. 5,572.4 billion originally budgeted in its capital expenditure plan.
      TELKOM groups its capital expenditures into the following categories for planning purposes:
  •  Infrastructure, which consists of the transmission network and backbone (including data backbone and fixed line network backbone infrastructure) and access network (including fixed wireless networks);
 
  •  Phone, which is essentially fixed wireline and fixed wireless;
 
  •  Mobile Cellular, which consists of GSM mobile wireless telephone services and is presently conducted through Telkomsel;
 
  •  Multimedia, which consists of Internet access, VoIP services and data services and other content development; and

132

Table of Contents

  •  Service-Net, which consists of various commercial services intended to increase traffic on TELKOM’s network, including interconnection, Internet network and third-party call centers.
      In addition, Telkomsel incurred capital expenditures of Rp.10,085.7 billion (US$1,026.0 million) for network infrastructure and other investments and TELKOM’s other subsidiaries incurred capital expenditures of Rp.99.5 billion (US$10.1 million).
      The following table sets out TELKOM’s historical and planned capital expenditure requirements for the periods indicated, including historical and planned capital expenditures for Telkomsel, Dayamitra and TELKOM’s other consolidated subsidiaries:
                                         
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2003(1)   2004(1)   2005(1)   2006(2)   2007(3)
                     
    Rp. (billion)
TELKOM:
                                        
Infrastructure:
                                        
Transmission Network and Backbone
     1,595.1       560.4       277.7       1,205.3       1,015.0  
Access Network
     1,849.6       1,831.2       1,577.0       2,937.1       1,724.5  
                               
Subtotal Infrastructure
     3,444.7       2,391.6       1,854.7       4,142.4       2,739.5  
Commercial Services:
                                        
Phone
     161.9       901.5       524.5       1,077.7       360.0  
Mobile Cellular
     —       —       —       —       —  
Multimedia
     76.2       92.7       334.2       729.9       169.5  
Services-Net
     99.9       34.2       94.9       108.8       222.2  
                               
Subtotal Commercial Services
     338.0       1,028.4       953.6       1,916.4       751.7  
Supporting Services
     151.1       295.6       559.5       754.6       758.5  
                               
Subtotal for TELKOM (unconsolidated)
     3,933.8       3,715.6       3,367.8       6,813.4       4,249.7  
                               
TELKOM’s Subsidiaries:
                                        
Telkomsel
     5,348.8       4,982.7       10,085.7       11,937.0       14,000  
Dayamitra
     109.5       50.4       —       41.3       21.1  
Infomedia Nusantara
     44.6       63.0       37.9       114.5       82.7  
Pramindo Ikat Nusantara
     37.4       1.7       29.4       44.5       35.2  
Indonusa Telemedia
     0.8       1.4       8.9       —       28.5  
Graha Sarana Duta
     17.0       3.7       2.4       18.0       13.0  
PT Pro Infokom Indonesia
     0.6       0.6       —       —       —  
PT Metra (Holding)
     6.1       0.9       19.3       42.0       32.5  
AriaWest
     0.2       0.1       1.1       87.3       175.2  
Napsindo
     53.8       0.3       0.5       —       —  
                               
Subtotal for subsidiaries
     5,618.8       5,104.8       10,185.2       12,284.6       14,388.2  
                               
Total for TELKOM (consolidated)
     9,552.6       8,820.4       13,553.0       19,098.0       18,637.9  
                               
 
(1)  Amounts for 2003, 2004 and 2005 are actual capital expenditures.
(2)  Amounts for 2006 are planned capital expenditures included in TELKOM’s budget and are subject to upward or downward adjustment.
(3)  Amounts for 2007 are projected capital expenditures for such year, and actual capital expenditures may be significantly different from projected amounts.
     Actual future capital expenditures may differ from the amounts indicated above due to various factors, including but not limited to the Indonesian economy, the Rupiah/US dollar and Rupiah/Euro

133

Table of Contents

exchange rates and other applicable foreign exchange rates, the availability of vendor or other financing on terms acceptable to TELKOM, technical or other problems in obtaining or installing equipment and whether TELKOM enters any new lines of business. In particular, TELKOM’s ability to make substantial future capital expenditures will depend on whether it is successful in implementing one or more forms of financing, including “pay as you grow”. See Item 3. “Key Information — D. Risk Factors — TELKOM’s ability to develop adequate financing arrangements is critical to support its capital expenditures” and Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Business Strategy — Reducing Cost of Capital.”
     Planned Investments in 2006
      In 2006, TELKOM plans to make capital investments in infrastructure, commercial services and supporting services.
     Planned Investments in Infrastructure
      TELKOM’s planned capital investments in infrastructure in 2006 total Rp.4,142.4 billion. This will be used for capital investments in transmission infrastructure, which are expected to include investments in a fiber optic transmission network, a backbone transmission network on the island of Kalimantan and Sulawesi and an additional ground satellite segment in Jakarta, a submarine cable system between Batam-Jakarta and a submarine cable system between Puger and Denpasar. Substantial investment will also be made in expanding access infrastructure, which includes fiber optic cable fixed line, copper wire fixed line and CDMA wireless access networks.
      For a more complete discussion of TELKOM’s planned infrastructure investments, see Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Network Infrastructure.”
     Planned Investments in Commercial Services
      TELKOM also plans to spend Rp.1,916.4 billion in 2006 for capital investments in commercial services, including:
  •  capital investments in fixed line commercial services (including fixed wireless services), which include additional capacity, service enhancements and upgrades, including its value added services and software and mechanical and electrical systems;
 
  •  enhancing TELKOM’s multimedia network (including core network of IP transport, HFC and CATV services), which includes increases in the number of VoIP access points, Internet multiplexing (IMUX) systems for Internet and data access, Internet value added services such as B2B e-commerce, broadband access (xDsl), and improving TELKOM’s HFC and CATV systems; and
 
  •  investing in service-net, including the establishment of fixed wireless services, e-commerce, internet connectivity and value added services.
     Planned Investments in Supporting Services
      TELKOM plans to spend Rp.754.6 billion in 2006 for capital investments in supporting facilities, including:
  •  investments in BTS stations to expand network coverage, transmission receiver (TRX) and microcells to improve its quality;
 
  •  switching equipment;
 
  •  equipment used for prepaid products
 
  •  fiber optic transmission for the large cities in Java

134

Table of Contents

  •  additional radio network capacity
 
  •  3G roll out plan, and
 
  •  supporting facilities consisting of buildings, R&D and office facilities.
     Other Financing Techniques
      In common with many Indonesian state-owned enterprises, TELKOM has historically relied on two-step loans financed by the Government and revenue sharing with co-investors to fund investment in property, plant and equipment. In recent years, however, TELKOM has funded its capital investments largely through internally generated cash flows from operating activities and direct borrowing from commercial banks. In addition, TELKOM has in recent years accessed the debt capital markets for a portion of its financing needs. On July 16, 2002, TELKOM issued a fixed rate IDR Bond in the amount of Rp.1,000 billion with maturity of five years with fixed interest rate of 17% per annum. On December 15, 2004, TELKOM issued unsecured medium-term notes (“MTN”) in the principal amount of Rp.1.125 trillion in four series with interest rates ranging from 7.7% to 9.4% per annum. TELKOM is presently in the process of exploring alternative sources of financing for capital investment, including vendor-procured and other bank financing, as well as other potential sources of borrowed funds.
     Revenue Sharing
      Until recently, TELKOM made use of revenue-sharing arrangements to develop fixed line networks in heavily populated urban areas of Indonesia, public card-phone booths and its analog mobile cellular networks. Under these revenue-sharing arrangements, investors finance the costs incurred in procuring and installing equipment, while TELKOM manages and operates the equipment, and bears the cost of repairs and maintenance, after installation and until the end of the revenue-sharing period. The investors legally retain rights to the equipment during the revenue-sharing period but transfer ownership to TELKOM at the end of such period. See Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — General — Revenue Sharing Arrangements (PBHs).”
      TELKOM did not fund any capital investments (other than capital investments in fixed line telephone services and broadband Internet services) through revenue-sharing arrangements in 2003, 2004 or 2005 and does not intend to fund any such capital investments (other than capital investments in fixed line telephone services) through such arrangements in the future, except in the context of its efforts to promote the “pay as you grow” program to fund capital investments. See “Pay as You Grow” below. Since 2004, TELKOM has been trying to replace existing revenue-sharing arrangements with new partnership schemes on more favorable terms.
     Pay as You Grow
      The Pay as You Grow program involves arrangements in which TELKOM and its equipment suppliers agree that a percentage of the contract cost will be paid upfront (typically 25%) and the balance will be paid once the lines are put into service. TELKOM and its suppliers also agree to work together to plan and design networks, assess capacity requirements and determine timetable for procurement. The “pay as you grow” scheme allows TELKOM to pay the equipment vendors based on the attainment of a certain number of customers in the related area/facility or within one year from completion date, whichever is earlier. Vendors participating in this “pay as you grow” scheme have assessed the risk of entering into such scheme and, up to the date of this Annual Report, have only been willing to enter into this scheme for projects that they believe have high customer potential. Accordingly, vendors have always been paid by TELKOM within a few months after the equipment has been delivered. TELKOM expects that only a relatively small number of equipment suppliers will be invited to participate in pay as you grow programs and supply a substantial portion of TELKOM’s infrastructure and other equipment needs.

135

Table of Contents

Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates and Judgments
      The preparation of TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with Indonesian GAAP, as well as the reconciliation to U.S. GAAP, requires TELKOM to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenue and expenses for the years reported. Management continually evaluates its estimates and judgments including those related to useful lives and carrying value of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, valuation allowance for receivables, pension and other post-retirement benefits, income taxes and legal contingencies. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. For a complete discussion of the application of these and other significant accounting policies, see Note 2 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions. TELKOM believes that of our significant accounting policies, the following may involve a higher degree of judgment or complexity or are areas where assumptions and estimates are particularly critical to the financial statements:
     Allowances for Doubtful Accounts
      The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable. The Company determines the allowance based on historical write-off experience. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts monthly. Past due balances over 90 days for retail customers are fully provided, and past due balance for non-retail customers over a specified amount are reviewed individually for collectibility. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers.
     Carrying Amount of Property, Plant and Equipment and Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
      TELKOM estimates the useful lives of property, plant and equipment and goodwill and other intangible assets in order to determine the amount of depreciation and amortization expense to be recorded during any reporting period. The useful lives are estimated at the time the asset is acquired and are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as taking into account anticipated technological or other changes and, in the case of rights to operate intangible assets, the remaining term of the KSO agreement. When the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable value due to, among others, technological changes, significant adverse change in legal factors or business climate, unanticipated competition, industry changes or physical damage, the useful lives assigned to these assets may either need to be shortened, resulting in the recognition of increased depreciation and amortization expense in future periods or these changes could result in the recognition of an impairment charge to reflect the write-down in value of the asset. TELKOM reviews these types of assets for impairment periodically, when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable over the remaining lives of the assets. Assessment of the timing and/or the amount of such impairment is a matter of significant judgment. In assessing impairments, TELKOM uses discounted cash flows that take into account management’s estimates of future operations. The most important estimates that we use in projecting our future cash flows involve our expectations of the future prices at which our services will be charged, the number of access lines that we will have in service and the discount rate that is used to arrive at the discounted present value of the projected future cash flows. The prices at which our services are charged are subject to government regulation. The number of access lines that we will have in service will depend upon our ability to source sufficient, affordable financing to build new access lines.

136

Table of Contents

     Pension and Post-retirement Benefits
      We have a commitment, mainly through TELKOM’s pension fund, to pay pension and other post-retirement benefits to our employees and former employees who reach 56 years of age. The cost of these benefits and the present value of our pension and other post-retirement liabilities depend on a number of factors which we determine on an actuarial basis utilizing a number of assumptions. The assumptions used in determining the net periodic cost (income) for pension and post-retirement benefits include the expected long-term rate of return on the relevant plan’s assets and the discount rate. In the case of the post-retirement healthcare plan, the expected rate of increase in medical costs is also used. Any changes in these assumptions will impact the net periodic cost (income) recorded for pension and post-retirement benefits.
      TELKOM uses long-term historical actual return information and estimated future long-term investment return information by reference to external sources, taking into account the current and expected asset allocations, to develop its expected rate of return on plan assets.
      At the end of each year, TELKOM determines the appropriate discount rate, which represents the interest rate that should be used to determine the present value of future cash flows currently expected to be required to settle the pension and post-retirement benefit obligations. In determining the appropriate discount rate we considered the current yields on high quality corporate fixed-income investments. We were not able to identify suitable investments in Indonesia with a corresponding maturity to the expected duration of the benefit obligations so we have used the yield-to-maturity of Indonesian Government Bonds at year end. At December 31, 2005, TELKOM’s discount rate was 11%. Due to the fact that there are very limited types of high-quality debt instruments in Indonesia coupled with the lack of ability to estimate interest rates, TELKOM believes that the yield-to-maturity of the Indonesian Government Bonds represents the most appropriate discount rate to measure the present value of the benefit obligations at year end. Changes in such rates due to changes in the reference Indonesian Government Bonds brought about by changing economic conditions in Indonesia and throughout the world would affect the recognition of our pension and post-retirement benefit obligations and as a consequence, could materially affect our financial position and results of operations.
      The expected rate of medical cost has been determined by comparing the historical relationship of our actual medical cost increases with the rate of general inflation in the Indonesian economy and health care utilization patterns. Past experience has shown that our actual medical costs have on average increased by a factor of 2% above the general rate of inflation. Our projected medical cost was 12% and 9% as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      Assumed health care cost trends have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health care plan. A one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects:
                 
    1-Percentage-   1-Percentage-
    Point Increase   Point Decrease
         
Effect on total of service and interest cost components
     159,073       (126,008 )
Effect on post-retirement benefit obligation
     1,143,943       (908,400 )
      Other assumptions include life expectancy of the members, the rate of increase in compensation levels and the average remaining years of service.
      Early retirement benefits are recognized at the time TELKOM makes a commitment to provide early retirement benefits as a result of an offer made in order to encourage voluntary redundancy. TELKOM is demonstrably committed to a termination when and only when, TELKOM has a detailed formal plan for the early retirement and such plan is without realistic possibility of withdrawal.

137

Table of Contents

Income Taxes
      Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the amounts of assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and the amounts recognized for income tax purposes. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable income will be available in future periods against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilized or the tax asset will be realized in future periods.
      Under Indonesian tax regulations as of the date of this Annual Report, a dividend distributed by a company to a corporate shareholder, that has a minimum share ownership of 25% and has businesses other than as a holding company, is not subject to tax whereas a capital gain on the sale of shares is subject to tax at the normal corporate tax rate. As long as we continue to hold our investments in our affiliated companies with a minimum share ownership of 25% and have businesses other than as a holding company, and dividend distributions from a company to a corporate shareholder that meets the criteria described above continues to be not subject to tax, we do not need to record a deferred tax liability in respect of the undistributed earnings of these affiliated companies.
      A change in our intention to hold an investment or other facts and circumstances may lead TELKOM to determine that we no longer expect to realize our interest in the undistributed earnings of the particular affiliated company in a manner which enables us to take advantage of the zero percent tax rate applicable to dividend distributions. Such a change in the future would require us to recognize a deferred tax liability with a commensurate charge to our income statement.
      Deferred tax is calculated at the enacted tax rates at the balance sheet date. If enacted tax rates changed, TELKOM would adjust its deferred tax assets and liabilities, through the income tax expense in the period of change, to reflect the enacted tax rate expected to be in effect when the deferred tax items reverse.
Legal Contingencies
      As of the date of this Annual Report, we are involved in certain legal proceedings and have accrued amounts that represent our estimate of the probable outcome of these matters. Such estimates of outcome are derived from consultation with outside counsel, as well as an assessment of litigation and settlement strategies. While we believe that our current accruals are adequate, a future event or change in the facts and circumstances may require us to make additional accruals that would be charged to our income statement in the future. See Note 51 to the consolidated financial statements and Item 8. “Financial Information — A. Consolidated statements and other financial information — Material Litigation”.
C. Research and Development and Intellectual Property
      TELKOM makes investments to improve its product and service offerings. Such expenditure amounted to approximately Rp.2.1 billion in 2003, Rp.27.8 billion in 2004 and Rp.8.4 billion (US$0.9 million) in 2005. In 2005, these expenditures related to video conferencing, SMS development, CMS system, CDMA lab, measuring system and other content development.
D. Trend Information
      A number of developments have had and may have in the future a material impact on TELKOM’s results of operations, financial condition and capital expenditures. These developments include:
  •  upgrading of the network with soft switching technology;
 
  •  increasing relative contribution of Telkomsel to our consolidated revenues;

138

Table of Contents

  •  higher domestic fixed line tariffs beginning in 2004 and ability of Government to implement additional planned tariff increases;
 
  •  the ability of the Government to implement regulatory changes regarding interconnection, access codes and licenses for 3G services;
 
  •  implementation of cost-based interconnection tariff;
 
  •  changes in foreign exchange rates and interest rates;
 
  •  increase in the usage of high speed broadband Internet in Indonesia;
 
  •  acquisition of Pramindo;
 
  •  acquisition of AriaWest;
 
  •  acquisition of Dayamitra
 
  •  acquisition of KSO IV;
 
  •  competition in the market for DLD services;
 
  •  expansion of TELKOM’s IDD services;
 
  •  fixed wireless development and deployment; and
 
  •  implementation of competence-based human resource management.
      See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results”.
E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
      TELKOM is party to a number of operating leases. These operating leases relate principally to motor vehicles, computers, circuits, towers, land and buildings. TELKOM believes some of these operating leases are material to its business.
      TELKOM has entered into a partnership agreement with Motorola, Inc., Ericsson Radio A.B., Siemens Aktiengesellschaft (AG) and Nokia Oyj whereby TELKOM is obligated to purchase certain cellular equipment and services. In addition, TELKOM has entered into agreements pursuant to which TELKOM is committed to pay for services relating to the launch of the TELKOM-2 Satellite and the construction of a PSTN network for each of Regional Division II and V. For more details relating to these agreements, see Item 10. “Additional Information — C. Material Contracts”.
      Except as disclosed above, TELKOM does not have off-balance sheet arrangements that are material.
F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
      The following summarizes TELKOM’s contractual obligations at December 31, 2005 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on liquidity and cash flow in future periods:
                                           
    Payments Due by Period
     
        Less than       More than
Contractual Obligations   Total   1 year   1-3 years   3-5 years   5 years
                     
    (Rp. billion)
Short-Term Loans(1)(6)
     173.8       173.8       —       —       —  
Long-Term Debts(2)(6)
     13,307.7       2,210.7       5,134.2       2,899.0       3,063.8  
Capital Lease Obligations(3)
     251.8       16.2       46.6       74.9       114.1  
Interest on Short-term Loans, Long-term Debts and Capital Lease Obligations
     3,437.8       924.4       1,152.9       593.8       766.7  
Operating Leases(4)
     2,815.9       474.8       946.4       543.3       851.4  
Unconditional Purchase Obligations(5)
     6,594.5       6,594.5       —       —       —  
                               
 
Total
     26,581.5       10,394.4       7,280.1       4,111.0       4,796.0  
                               

139

Table of Contents

 
(1)  Relates to liabilities under short term loans obtained from Bank Central Asia and Bank Niaga. See Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements.
(2)  See “— Liquidity and Capital Resources — Indebtedness” and Notes 22, 23, 24 and 25 to the consolidated financial statements.
(3)  Relates to the leases of the repeaters used for TELKOM’s telecommunication networks for TELKOMFlexi.
(4)  Relates primarily to leases of towers, computers, vehicles, land, buildings, office equipment and circuits.
(5)  Relates to commitments of TELKOM to suppliers and vendors for the purchase of telecommunications-related equipment and infrastructure.
(6)  Excludes contractually committed rate of interest.
     In addition to the above contractual obligations, as of December 31, 2005, Telkom had long-term liabilities for pension, post-retirement health care benefits and long service awards. Telkom expects to contribute Rp.568.8 billion to its post-retirement health care benefits plan and Rp.693.5 billion to its defined benefit pension plan in 2006. See Notes 42, 43, 44 and 54 to the consolidated financial statements.
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. Directors and Senior Management
      In accordance with Indonesian law, the Company has a two-tier board structure, consisting of a Board of Commissioners and a Board of Directors. The executive management functions are carried out by the Board of Directors, whose members are comprised of the top executives of the Company, comparable to the chief executive officer, chief financial officer and other such officers of corporations incorporated under the laws of many of the States in the United States of America.
Board of Commissioners
      TELKOM’s Articles of Association (the “Articles”), referring to the Indonesian Company Law, states that the principal statutory duties of the Board of Commissioners are to supervise the policies of the Board of Directors in the operation and management of the Company and to give advice to the Board of Directors. In carrying out its supervisory activities, the Board of Commissioners is accountable to the stockholders of the Company.
      The Board of Commissioners, which supervises the management of TELKOM and the implementation of TELKOM business plan by the Board of Directors, does not have day-to-day management functions or authority, except in limited circumstances where all members of the Board of Directors have been suspended for any reason.
      The current Board of Commissioners of TELKOM consists of one President Commissioner and four Commissioners, two of whom are independent commissioners.
      Pursuant to the Articles, each Commissioner is appointed for a term commencing from the date of the appointment by the general meeting of stockholders until the closing of the third annual general meeting of stockholders following the date of appointment, without prejudice to the right of the general meeting of stockholders to discharge a Commissioner at any time before his or her term of office expires. If the position of a Commissioner becomes vacant for any reason, the Articles further provide that within 60 days of the occurrence of such vacancy, an announcement that there will be notice for a general meeting of stockholders must be made to nominate a successor.
      Pursuant to the Articles, meetings of the Board of Commissioners are presided over by the President Commissioner. If the President Commissioner is absent, another member of the Board of Commissioners chosen from the Commissioners present presides over the meeting.
      Meetings of the Board of Commissioners must be held at least once every three months and at any other time (i) upon request of the President Commissioner, (ii) upon request of one-third of the members of the Board of Commissioners, (iii) upon written request of the Board of Directors, or (iv) upon request of a shareholder or a group of stockholders holding at least one-tenth of the

140

Table of Contents

outstanding shares of TELKOM with valid voting rights. The quorum for all Board of Commissioners meetings is more than one-half of the total number of the Commissioners then represented in person or by proxy granted to one of the other Commissioners of TELKOM at such meeting.
      Resolutions of a meeting of the Board of Commissioners shall be by consensus. If consensus cannot be reached, it shall be by the affirmative vote of a majority of the members of the Board of Commissioners present or represented at the meeting. In the event of a tie, the proposed resolution shall be deemed to have been rejected.
      The members of the Board of Commissioners as of December 31, 2005 and May 31, 2006 were:
                 
    Age as of        
Name   January 1, 2006   Title   Since
             
Tanri Abeng
     64     President Commissioner   March 10, 2004
P. Sartono
     61     Independent Commissioner   June 21, 2002
Arif Arryman
     50     Independent Commissioner   June 21, 2002
Anggito Abimanyu
     43     Commissioner   March 10, 2004
Gatot Trihargo
     45     Commissioner   March 10, 2004
Tanri Abeng
      Mr. Abeng has been President Commissioner of TELKOM since March 10, 2004. From 1980 to 1998, Mr. Abeng served as President Director (1980-1991) and President Commissioner (1991-1998) of PT Multi Bintang Indonesia, Indonesia’s largest brewery. He also served as President Director of PT Bakrie & Brothers from 1991 to 1998, was President Commissioner of PT B.A.T. Indonesia from 1993 to 1998 and was a Commissioner of PT Sepatu BATA from 1989 to 1998. He was also a member of Parliament from 1993 to 1999 and was Minister of State-Owned Enterprises from 1998 to 1999. Mr. Abeng holds a degree from the University of Hasanudin, a masters degree in business administration from the State University of New York, Buffalo and has completed the Advanced Management Program at the Claremont Graduate School in Los Angeles.
P. Sartono
      Mr. P. Sartono has been an Independent Commissioner of TELKOM since June 21, 2002. Mr. P. Sartono became an employee of TELKOM in 1972 and has served in various management positions, including as Corporate Secretary from 1991 to 1995, until his retirement in 2000. During his tenure at TELKOM, he also held various positions at Directorate General of Post and Communications from 1972 to 1985 and served as President Director of PT Telekomindo Primabhakti. Mr. P. Sartono holds a degree in law from the University of Indonesia and a Master of Management (Marketing) degree from IPWI Jakarta and a Master of Law degree from the Institute Business Law and Management (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum IBLAM) in Jakarta.
Arif Arryman
      Mr. Arryman has been an Independent Commissioner of TELKOM since June 21, 2002. In addition he has served as Independent Commissioner of PT Bank BNI since 2001. Previously, he served as an advisor to the Coordinating Minister for Economy and a member of the assistance team to the Ministry of Finance. Mr. Arryman graduated with a degree in Industrial Engineering from Bandung Institute of Technology, a masters degree in Engineering from Asia Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Diploma d’Etude Approfondie from University Paris-IX Dauphine France and a doctoral degree in Economics from University of Paris-IX Dauphine France.

141

Table of Contents

Anggito Abimanyu
      Mr. Abimanyu has been a Commissioner of TELKOM since March 10, 2004. As of the date of this Annual Report, he is the Head of the Agency for Research in Economics, Finance and International Cooperation of the Ministry of Finance and has been a member of the expert staff to the Finance Minister since 2000. Mr. Abimanyu previously served as a member of the Board of Commissioners of Bank Lippo and of Bank Internasional Indonesia. Mr. Abimanyu is also a lecturer in the Faculty of Economics of Gadjah Mada University. Mr. Abimanyu holds both a bachelor and a master degree in economics from Gadjah Mada University, a master in science degree in International Development from the University of Pennsylvania and a Ph.D. degree in Environmental Economics from the University of Pennsylvania.
Gatot Trihargo
      Mr. Trihargo has been a Commissioner of TELKOM since March 10, 2004. As of the date of this Annual Report, he serves as a member of the Special Staff of the Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises. Mr. Trihargo holds a degree in accounting from Sekolah Tinggi Akuntansi Negara, Jakarta, and a masters degree in Accountancy and Financial Information Systems from Cleveland State University in Ohio.
Board of Commissioners’ Committees
      As of the date of this Annual Report, the Board of Commissioners has three standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Review and Planning Committee and the Nomination and Renumeration Committee. An Independent Commissioner chairs each committee. In addition, external members to the Audit Committee, in order to be considered independent under applicable Indonesian rules: (a) must not be a member of any Indonesian registered public accountant that has provided audit and/or non-audit services to TELKOM within one year prior to his appointment to the Audit Committee; (b) must not have been a TELKOM employee within one year prior to his appointment to the Audit Committee; (c) must not own, directly or indirectly, any shares in TELKOM; and (d) must not have any business relationship that relates to TELKOM’s businesses.
      As of the date of this Annual Report, the Audit Committee of the Board of Commissioners is composed of seven members: (i) Mr. Arif Arryman, an Independent Commissioner and the Chairman; (ii) Mr. P. Sartono, an Independent Commissioner; (iii) Mr. Mohammad Ghazali Latief; (iv) Mr. Salam; (v) Mr. Dodi Syaripudin; (vi) Mr. Sahat Pardede and (vii) Mr. Gatot Trihargo. All of the members of the Audit Committee (except for Mr. Arif Arryman, Mr. Sartono and Mr. Trihargo) are independent external members and Mr. Pardede is an accounting and financial expert. New listing rules adopted pursuant to Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act require a foreign private issuer with securities listed on the NYSE to have an audit committee comprised of independent directors. The rules became effective on July 31, 2005. Under Rule 10A-3(c)(3), however, foreign private issuers are exempt from the independence requirements if (i) the home country government or stock exchange requires the company to have an audit committee; (ii) the audit committee is separate from the board of directors and has members from both inside and outside the board of directors; (iii) the audit committee members are not elected by the management and no executive officer of the company is a member of the audit committee; (iv) the home country government or stock exchange has requirements for an audit committee independent from the management of the company and (v) the audit committee is responsible for the appointment, retention and oversight of the work of external auditors. TELKOM avails itself of this exemption as set forth in its Amended Section 303A Annual Written Affirmation, filed with the NYSE on January 12, 2006. An Audit Committee Charter (the “Charter”)

142

Table of Contents

that has been adopted by the Board of Commissioners governs the committee. The Charter outlines the committee’s purpose, function and responsibilities and specifies that the committee is responsible for:
  •  Overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process on behalf of the Board of Commissioners. As part of its responsibilities, the committee will recommend to the Board of Commissioners, subject to shareholder approval, the selection of TELKOM’s external auditor;
 
  •  Discussing with TELKOM’s internal and external auditors the overall scope and specific plans for their respective audits. The committee will also discuss TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements and the adequacy of TELKOM’s internal controls;
 
  •  Meeting regularly with TELKOM’s internal and external auditors, without management present, to discuss the results of their examinations, their evaluation of TELKOM’s internal controls and the overall quality of TELKOM’s financial reporting; and
 
  •  Carrying out additional tasks that are assigned by the Board of Commissioners, especially on financial and accounting related matters.
      The Review and Planning Committee was established on August 1, 2003. The objective of this committee is to review the company’s long-term plans, as well as annual business budget plans, following which recommendations would be made by this committee to the Board of Directors. The committee is also responsible for supervising and monitoring the implementation of the business plans of the company. As of the date of this Annual Report, the Review and Planning Committee consists of nine members: (i) Mr. Anggito Abimanyu (the Chairman); (ii) Mr. Arif Arryman (the Vice Chairman); (iii) Mr. Yuki Indrayadi (Secretary); (iv) Mr. P. Sartono; (v) Mr. Kindy Syahrir; (vi) Mr. Ario Guntoro; (vii) Mr. Adam Wirahadi; (viii) Mrs. Widuri M. Kusumawati; and (ix) Mr. Arman Soeriasoemantri. All of the members of the Review and Planning Committee (except for Mr. Abimanyu, Mr. Arryman and Mr. Sartono) are independent external members.
      On May 20, 2003, following TELKOM’s 2003 Annual General Meeting of stockholders, the Board of Commissioners re-established the Nomination and Remuneration Committee. As of the date of this Annual Report, the Nomination and Remuneration Committee is composed of: (i) Mr. Tanri Abeng, the President Commissioner and the Chairman; (ii) Mr. P. Sartono, an Independent Commissioner and the Secretary; and (iii) Mr. Gatot Trihargo, a Commissioner. The committee was tasked with: (a) formulating selection criteria and nomination procedures for strategic positions in the Company based on good corporate governance principles; (b) assisting the Board of Commissioners and consulting with the Board of Directors in candidate selection for strategic positions in the Company; and (c) formulating a remuneration system for the Board of Directors based on fairness and performance.
      The Commissioners’ business address is 5th Floor, Grha Citra Caraka Building, Jalan Gatot Subroto Kav. 52, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia.
Board of Directors
      The Board of Directors is comprised of one President Director and six Directors. Directors are elected and dismissed by stockholder resolutions at a general meeting of stockholders at which the holder of the Series A Dwiwarna Share is present and such holder approves the aforementioned stockholder resolutions. In order to be eligible for election, candidates for Director must be nominated by the holder of the Series A Dwiwarna Share. Each Director is appointed for a term commencing from the date of appointment by the general meeting of stockholders until the closing of the fifth annual general meeting of stockholders after the date of appointment, without prejudice to the right of the general meeting of stockholders to discharge a Director at any time before his/her term of office expires.
      The principal functions of the Board of Directors are to lead and manage TELKOM and to control and manage TELKOM’s assets. The Board of Directors is responsible for the day-to-day management of

143

Table of Contents

TELKOM under the supervision of the Board of Commissioners. The Articles provide that the Board of Directors shall consist of at least two Directors, one of whom shall be the President Director.
      The President Director, or in case of his absence, another Director as provided for in the Articles shall have authority to represent TELKOM and execute documents on behalf of TELKOM, subject to the provisions of the Articles. The President Director shall preside over meetings of the Board of Directors or in his absence, any other member of the Board of Directors appointed from among and by those present may preside over such meetings.
      The Articles provide that meetings of the Board of Directors may be held whenever considered necessary upon the request of (i) the President Director, (ii) at least one-third of the members of the Board of Directors, (iii) the Board of Commissioners, or (iv) written notice from any shareholder or group of shareholders holding at least one-tenth of the outstanding shares of TELKOM with valid voting rights. The Articles further provide that the quorum for all Directors’ meetings is more than one-half of the members of the Board of Directors present or represented in person or by proxy granted to another Director of TELKOM in such meeting. At Directors’ meetings, each Director shall have one vote and one additional vote for each other Director he represents as proxy.
      Resolutions of a meeting of the Board of Directors shall be by consensus. If consensus cannot be reached, it shall be by the affirmative vote of a majority of the members of the Board of Directors present or represented at the meeting. In the event of a tie, the matter shall be determined by the Chairman of the meeting.
      TELKOM has a disclosure committee comprised of 14 senior members from various departments and chaired by the CFO. The disclosure committee’s role is to support TELKOM’s management in designing and evaluating TELKOM’s disclosure controls and procedures and participating in the disclosure process. TELKOM formally established its disclosure committee on February 18, 2005. Since its formal establishment, the disclosure committee has established internal work procedures relating to the preparation of TELKOM’s annual report on Form 20-F, and participated in the review and preparation of TELKOM’s annual report on Form 20-F. The establishment of the disclosure committee formalized the previous disclosure process where designated senior employees from various departments were responsible for assisting with the necessary disclosures.
      The members of the Board of Directors as of December 31, 2005 and May 31, 2006 were:
             
    Age as of        
Name   January 1, 2006   Title   Since
             
Arwin Rasyid   48   President Director   June 24, 2005
Garuda Sugardo
   56   Vice President Director and
Chief Operating Officer		   June 24, 2005
Rinaldi Firmansyah
   45   Director of Finance   March 10, 2004
Arief Yahya
   44   Director of Enterprise & Wholesale   June 24, 2005
Abdul Haris
   50   Director of Network & Solution   March 10, 2004
John Welly
   51   Director of Human Resources   June 24, 2005
Guntur Siregar
   54   Director of Consumer   June 24, 2005
Arwin Rasyid
      Mr. Rasyid was appointed the President Director of TELKOM on June 24, 2005. He previously served as Vice President Director of PT Bank Negara Indonesia from 2003 to 2005, President Director of Bank Danamon Indonesia from 2000 to 2003, Vice Chairman of Badan Penyehatan Perbankan Nasional (the Indonesian Banks Restructuring Agency) in 2000, Vice President Director of Bank Niaga from 1998 to 1999, Assistant Vice President of Bank of America from 1986 to 1987 as well in various positions in Bank Niaga since 1987. Mr. Rasyid graduated with a degree in economics from the University of Indonesia. He also holds a Master of Arts degree in International Economics and a Master of Business Administration degree in International Business from University of Hawaii, USA.

144

Table of Contents

Garuda Sugardo
      Mr. Sugardo was appointed the Chief Operating Officer and Vice President Director of TELKOM on June 24, 2005. He joined TELKOM in 1977 and has held several positions in various departments. He previously served as Senior Consultant Marketing in the Management Consulting Center of TELKOM, Director of Telecommunication Service Business of TELKOM from 2002 to 2004, Director of Operation and Technical of Indosat as well as a number of positions in TELKOM from 1977-2000. Mr. Sugardo graduated with a degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Indonesia.
Rinaldi Firmansyah
      Mr. Firmansyah has been Director of Finance of TELKOM since March 10, 2004. He previously served as Vice President Commissioner, President Director and Director of Investment Banking of PT Bahana Securities from 2003 to 2004, 2001 to 2003 and 1997 to 2001, respectively, and Commissioner and Head of the Audit Committee of PT Semen Padang in 2003. Mr. Firmansyah graduated with a degree in electrical engineering from the Bandung Institute of Technology and a Masters degree in business administration from the Indonesian Institute of Management Development, Jakarta. Mr. Firmansyah is also a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA).
Arief Yahya
      Mr. Yahya was appointed the Director of Enterprise & Wholesale of TELKOM on June 24, 2005. He joined TELKOM in 1986 and has held several positions in various departments. Previously, he served as TELKOM’s Head of Regional Division V (East Java). Mr. Yahya graduated with a degree in electrical engineering from Bandung Institute of Technology and a Masters degree in Telecommunication Engineering from University of Surrey.
Abdul Haris
      Mr. Haris was appointed the Director of Network & Solution of TELKOM on June 24, 2005. He joined TELKOM in 1980 and has held several positions in various departments. He previously served as Director of Telecommunications and Network Business of TELKOM from 2004 to 2005, and as Deputy Head of TELKOM’s Regional Division II (Jakarta). Mr. Haris has a degree in electrical engineering from North Sumatra University and a Masters degree in business administration from Prasetya Mulya Management Institute.
John Welly
      Mr. Welly was appointed the Director of Human Resources of TELKOM on June 24, 2005. He joined TELKOM in 1981 and has held several positions in various departments. He previously served as President Director of PT INTI, Director of Operations and Marketing of TELKOM from 1998 to 2000, Commissioner of Telkomsel in 1998, Director of Human Resources and Support Divisions/ Senior Executive Vice President for Human Resources and Support of TELKOM from 1995 to 1998, and Commissioner of PT Aplikanusa Lintasarta from 1995 to 1996. Mr. Welly graduated with a degree in Electrical Engineering from the Bandung Institute of Technology and a Masters degree in telecommunications and information from Essex University, UK. See “ — D. Employees — On-going Investigations” and Item 3. “Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks relating to TELKOM and its subsidiaries — Certain TELKOM employees, including present and former TELKOM directors, are subject to on-going police investigations”.
Guntur Siregar
      Mr. Siregar was appointed the Director of Consumer of TELKOM on June 24, 2005. He joined TELKOM in 1975 and has held several positions in various departments. He previously served as Senior Consultant Financial Management in Management Consulting Center of TELKOM, Director of Finance of TELKOM from 2002 to 2004, Director of Commerce of Indosat from 2000 to 2002,

145

Table of Contents

Commissioner of PT Aplikanusa Limtasarta from 1996 to 2000, Head of Regional Division II (Jakarta) from 1996 to 2000, and Head of Regional Division I (Sumatera) from 1995 to 1996. Mr. Siregar graduated with a degree in Electrical Engineering from the Bandung Institute of Technology. See “ — D. Employees — On-going Investigations” and Item 3. “Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks relating to TELKOM and its subsidiaries — Certain TELKOM employees, including present and former TELKOM directors, are subject to on-going police investigations”.
      None of the Directors has a service contract with the Company nor are any such contracts proposed. The Directors’ business address is Jalan Japati, 1, Bandung 40133, Indonesia. None of the Directors or Commissioners are related to one another.
B.     Compensation
      Each Commissioner is granted a monthly honorarium and certain other allowances and is paid an annual bonus if TELKOM surpasses certain financial and operating targets, the amounts of which are determined by the stockholders at the general meeting of stockholders. Each Commissioner also receives a lump-sum bonus paid at the end of the Commissioner’s term pursuant to an MoF letter which applies to all state-owned companies. Each Director is granted a monthly salary and certain other allowances (including a pension if such Director is otherwise eligible). Each Director also receives an annual bonus (tantiem) if TELKOM surpasses certain financial and operating targets, the amounts of which are determined by the stockholders at the general meeting of the stockholders. Bonuses and incentives are budgeted annually and are based on the recommendation of the Board of Directors which recommendation must be approved by the Board of Commissioners before submission to the stockholders. No fees are paid to the Commissioners or Directors for their attendance at their respective board meetings. In addition, Directors receive certain other in-kind benefits, such as housing, car and driver. For the year ended December 31, 2005, the aggregate compensation paid by TELKOM and its consolidated subsidiaries to all of their Commissioners and Directors was Rp.71.9 billion (US$7.3 million), while the amount paid by TELKOM (unconsolidated) to all its Commissioners and Directors was approximately Rp.28.96 billion (US$2.9 million), in each case including bonuses and the cost of benefits provided to Directors, such as housing facilities.
      The Company and its subsidiaries provide honoraria and facilities to support the operational duties of the Board of Commissioners. The total of such benefits amounted to Rp.14.0 billion, Rp.22.7 billion and Rp.19.7 billion in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, which reflected 0.1%, 0.1% and 0.1% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      The Company and its subsidiaries provide salaries and facilities to support the operational duties of the Board of Directors. The total of such benefits amounted to Rp.45.6 billion, Rp.50.3 billion and Rp.52.1 billion in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, which reflected 0.3%, 0.3% and 0.2% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
C.     Board practices
      Individual Directors are charged with specific responsibilities. In the event that a vacancy occurs in the Board of Directors, so long as the position remains vacant, one of the other directors will be nominated by the Board of Commissioners to perform the work of the absent director. If, for any reason, the Company ceases to have any Directors, the Board of Commissioners is to assume the ongoing obligations of the Board of Directors and must convene a general meeting of stockholders to elect a new Board of Directors within 60 days.
      The Board of Directors is required to obtain the written approval of the Board of Commissioners for the following actions: (i) buying or selling the shares of listed companies in excess of the amount stipulated by the Board of Commissioners; (ii) participating in or disposing of other capital investments; (iii) establishing, transferring its interests in or dissolving subsidiaries; (iv) transferring, trading, disposing or acquiring any business segments; (v) entering into licensing agreements, management contracts or similar agreements with other entities; (vi) selling or otherwise disposing of fixed assets in

146

Table of Contents

excess of the amount stipulated by the Board of Commissioners; (vii) ceasing to collect or writing off bad debts from the Company’s books or inventory in excess of the amount stipulated by the Board of Commissioners; (viii) binding the Company as surety in excess of the amount stipulated by the Board of Commissioners; and (ix) assuming or granting medium or long-term loans and assuming short-term loans not in the ordinary course of business in excess of the amount stipulated in the Company’s work plan and budget, as approved by the Board of Commissioners. In addition, any of the above transactions which involves 10% or more of the Company’s revenues or 20% or more of stockholders’ equity or such other amount as specified in Indonesian capital market regulations must be authorized by the stockholders at the general meeting of stockholders. In the performance of its duties, the Board of Directors must act in the interests of the Company.
      The Articles provide that members of the Board of Directors are prohibited from assuming the following: (i) a position as director of another state-owned corporation or private companies, (ii) any position within the structural or functional department of the central or district government, or (iii) other positions outside TELKOM which may directly or indirectly raise conflicts of interest with TELKOM and/or which violate the provisions of applicable laws and regulations. The Articles further provide that if members of the Board of Directors wish to assume any other position not prohibited above or wish to obtain an exemption from the foregoing prohibitions, such Director would require permission from the Board of Commissioners. In addition, such appointment shall be reported to the general meeting of stockholders.
      In addition, the Articles prohibit a Director with conflicting interests representing TELKOM in the issues causing such conflict of interest. In such cases, TELKOM shall be represented by another member of the Board of Directors with the consent of the Commissioners. In the event that TELKOM faces a conflict of interest with all members of its Board of Directors, TELKOM shall be represented by the Board of Commissioners or a member of the Board of Commissioners chosen by the Commissioners in the issues causing such conflict.
      Each Director is appointed for a term commencing from the date of appointment by the general meeting of stockholders until the closing of the fifth annual general meeting of stockholders after the date of appointment, without prejudice to the right of the general meeting of stockholders to discharge a Director at any time before his/her term of office expires. For further information on the composition and terms of the Board of Directors, see Item 6. “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — A. Directors and Senior Management — Board of Directors”.
      None of the Directors or Commissioners has any substantial interest, direct or indirect, in any company carrying on a similar trade as TELKOM.
D.     Employees
      As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM and its subsidiaries had 34,004 employees in total, of which 28,179 were employed by TELKOM, and 5,825 were employed by TELKOM’s subsidiaries.
      As of December 31, 2004, TELKOM and its subsidiaries had 34,657 employees in total, of which 29,375 were employed by TELKOM, and 5,282 were employed by TELKOM’s subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2003, TELKOM and its subsidiaries had 35,204 employees in total, of which 30,820 were employed by TELKOM, and 4,384 were employed by TELKOM’s subsidiaries.

147

Table of Contents

      The table below sets forth a breakdown of TELKOM’s employees by position as at December 31, 2005:
                         
    TELKOM regions as at   KSO regions VII as at   TELKOM’s subsidiaries as at
    December 31, 2005   December 31, 2005   December 31, 2005
             
Senior management
     148       0       38  
Middle management
     2,095       82       316  
Supervisors
     8,605       839       1,011  
Others
     14,118       2,292       4,460  
                   
Total
     24,966       3,213       5,825  
                   
      TELKOM’s KSO employees remain employees of TELKOM and are subject to all employment rules and policies of TELKOM in force at that time, except to the extent that rules and policies are supplemented, in favor of the employee, by the rules and policies of the KSO Unit. Additional KSO employees are the employees of the KSO partner and TELKOM has no obligation to continue their employment at the end of the KSO period.
      In general, TELKOM employees receive a base salary and salary-related allowances, a bonus and various benefits, including a pension plan and a post-retirement health care plan, medical benefits for themselves and certain members of their immediate family, housing allowance, other allowances and certain other benefits, including those related to performance of the employee’s working unit.
      Bonuses are budgeted in advance by the Board of Directors and the Board of Commissioners and are paid out in the year following the year in which they are earned. Over the past five years, the size of the annual bonus pool has ranged from Rp.114.8 billion to Rp.304.4 billion. In 2005, bonuses were paid by TELKOM to all employees including TELKOM’s employees in KSO and Non-KSO divisions. After the size of the bonus pool is determined, management allocates the pool among the Divisions depending upon their respective performances and uniform bonuses for employees at each staff level for each Division are then determined.
      Except in connection with its initial public offering in 1995, TELKOM does not maintain an employee share scheme for any of its employees or senior management.
      TELKOM’s mandatory retirement age for all employees is 56. TELKOM sponsors a defined benefit pension plan and a defined contribution pension plan. The defined benefit pension plan is for permanent employees hired prior to July 1, 2002. The amount of the pension entitlement under the defined benefit pension plan is based on the employee’s years of service and salary level upon retirement and is transferable to dependents upon the employee’s death. The main sources of pension fund are the contributions from the employees and TELKOM. The participating employees contribute 18% of basic salary (prior to March 2003 the employee contribution rate was 8.4%) and TELKOM contributes the remaining amount required to fund the plan. TELKOM’s contributions to the pension fund were Rp.486.3 billion, Rp.845.7 billion and Rp.698.5 million (US$71.1 million), for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. See Note 42 to the consolidated financial statements.
      Effective January 1, 2003, TELKOM (a) increased the minimum pension benefit for retired employee to approximately Rp.425,000 per month and (b) increased pension benefits for employees who retired prior to August 1, 2000 by 50%. Current employees who effectively retired on or after July 1, 2002 receive an increase of monthly pension benefit amounting to twice the amount of their basic monthly salary. This policy applied to employees who retired at the normal pension age of 56.
      The defined contribution plan is provided for employees hired with permanent status on or after July 1, 2002. The plan is managed by a financial institution pension fund (Dana Pensiun Lembaga Keuangan). The Company’s annual contribution to the defined contribution plan is determined based on a certain percentage of the participants’ salaries and amounted to Rp.399 million and Rp.971 million in 2004 and 2005, respectively.

148

Table of Contents

      The Company’s employees are entitled to receive certain cash awards based on length of services and after completing certain years of services which are either paid at the time the employee reaches a certain anniversary date or upon retirement or at the time of termination if the employee has met the required number of years of service.
      TELKOM also provides post-retirement healthcare benefits for all of its retired employees, including their immediate family. There are two types of funding for post-retirement healthcare benefits: (i) for employees hired before November 1, 1995 who retired prior to June 3, 1995 or who have 20 years of service for those retired after June 3, 1995, such benefits are funded by the TELKOM Healthcare Foundation; (ii) for employees hired before November 1, 1995 who retire with years of service of less than 20 years; and for employees hired after November 1, 1995, such benefits will be granted in the form of an insurance allowance by TELKOM. TELKOM’s contributions (including contributions paid by all KSO units) to the plan for employees hired before November 1, 1995 who retired prior to June 3, 1995, and who have had 20 years of service when they retired after June 3, 1995 were Rp.188.5 billion, Rp.724.5 billion and Rp.435.9 billion (US$44.3 million), for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      In May 2000, TELKOM employees formed a union named “Serikat Karyawan TELKOM” or “SEKAR”. The formation of SEKAR is in accordance with the Presidential Decree No. 83 of 1998 regarding ratification of ILO Convention No. 87 of 1948 concerning the freedom to form a union and the protection of the right to form an organization. Membership with SEKAR is not compulsory. TELKOM believes that its relations with SEKAR are good. However, there can be no assurance that the activities of employee unions will not materially and adversely affect TELKOM’s business, financial condition and prospects.
     On-going Investigations
      There are on-going investigations by the West Java Police Department as to the conduct of TELKOM’s Director of Human Resources Development, TELKOM’s Director of Consumer, and several other TELKOM employees (including one former TELKOM director and one former President Director of Napsindo). As the details of the investigations have not been made public, TELKOM does not know the full nature or extent of the investigations or the matters to which they relate, or whether any charges are likely to be filed. Based on press reports, TELKOM understands that the investigations relate principally to an alleged violation of anti-corruption law regarding (i) the retention by TELKOM of a consultant and an alleged overpayment without compliance with proper procedures; and (ii) the alleged provision of interconnection services to Napsindo (TELKOM’s subsidiary) and Globalcom (a Malaysian company) at an incorrect tariff, and alleged use by Napsindo/ Globalcom of TELKOM’s network for the provision of illegal VoIP services. It is also understood that one of the investigations relates to TELKOM’s guarantee of a bank loan obtained by Napsindo. To TELKOM’s knowledge, no charges have been filed against any of the persons investigated by the West Java Police Department, although several of them (but not our Director of Consumer) were held in custody in West Java pending completion of the investigations. On May 10, 2006, those individuals were released from police custody because the police were unable to find any incriminating evidence to support the alleged charges during the 120-day period they were held. 120 days is the maximum period allowed for police custody of suspects for investigation purposes. However, the investigation is ongoing. There can be no assurance that the police will not find evidence of wrong-doing, that charges will not be filed in relation to the foregoing or that such persons or other TELKOM employees will not be found guilty of any offence. Although TELKOM believes that the investigations are without merit, to the extent any of such persons are in custody, or are found guilty of any offence, TELKOM is and would be deprived of their services. In addition, TELKOM does not believe that there are any financial ramifications for TELKOM as a result of the investigations. See Item 3. “Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Certain TELKOM employees, including present and former TELKOM directors, are subject to on-going police investigations”.

149

Table of Contents

E.     Share ownership
      All the directors and commissioners individually beneficially own less than one percent of the shares of the Company and their respective beneficial share ownership in the Company has not been disclosed to stockholders or otherwise made public.
ITEM 7.     MAJOR STOCKHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A.     Major stockholders
General
      The following table sets forth certain information as of December 31, 2005 with respect to (1) persons known to the Company to be the owner of more than 5% of the Company’s Common Stock (whether directly or beneficially through ADSs); and (2) the total amount of any class of the Company’s Common Stock owned by the Commissioners and Directors of the Company as a group.
                     
Title of Class   Identity of Person or Group   Amount Owned   Percent of Class
             
Series A
   Government     1       100.00%  
Series B
   Government     10,320,470,711       51.19%  
Series B
   JPMCB US Resident (Norbax Inc.)     1,992,333,765       9.88%  
Series B
   The Bank of New York (BoNY)     1,291,002,696       6.41%  
Series B
   Board of Directors and Commissioners     78,332       <0.01%  
      As of December 31, 2005, a total of 37,414,543 American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) and 20,159,999,279 Series B shares (including the Series B shares represented by these ADSs) and one Series A Dwiwarna share were outstanding.
      The Government holds a majority of the outstanding Series B shares of TELKOM. In addition, the Government is the holder of the Series A Dwiwarna share, which has special voting rights. See Item 7. “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — Relationship with the Government — Government as Shareholder.”
      The Government holds a majority of the outstanding Common Stock of the Company and so retains control of the Company and has the power to elect all of its Board of Commissioners and all of its Board of Directors and to determine the outcome of substantially all actions requiring the approval of the stockholders. In addition, the Company’s Common Stock is also owned by Pension Funds, Insurance Funds and other institutions, owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the Government.
      The Government is also the holder of the Series A Dwiwarna Share, which has special voting rights. The material rights and restrictions which are applicable to the Common Stock are also applicable to the Dwiwarna Share, except that the Government may not transfer the Dwiwarna Share and it has a veto with respect to (i) election and removal of Directors; (ii) election and removal of Commissioners; and (iii) amendments to the Articles of Association, including amendments to merge or dissolve the Company prior to the expiration of its term of existence, increase or decrease its authorized capital and reduce its subscribed capital. Accordingly, the Government will have effective control of these matters even if it were to beneficially own less than a majority of the outstanding shares of Common Stock.
      TELKOM’s total number of shares immediately prior to its Initial Public Offering was 8,400,000,000, which consisted of 8,399,999,999 Series B shares and 1 Series A Dwiwarna share, all of which were owned by the Government. On November 14, 1995, the Government sold some of its TELKOM shares through an initial public offering on the Jakarta Stock Exchange and Surabaya Stock Exchange. The shares offered consisted of 933,333,000 new Series B shares and 233,334,000 Series B shares owned by the Government. The Government also conducted a global share offering listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange for 700 million Series B shares owned

150

Table of Contents

by the State of the Republic of Indonesia, which were converted into 35 million ADSs. Each ADS represented 20 Series B shares at that time.
      In December 1996, the Government completed a block sale of 388 million Series B shares. In 1997, the Government distributed 2,670,300 Series B shares as an incentive to stockholders who did not sell their shares within one year from the date of the initial public offering.
      In May 1999, the Government completed another block sale of 898 million Series B shares.
      Under Law No. 1/1995 on Limited Liability Companies, the minimum total par value of TELKOM’s issued share capital has to be at least 25% of the total par value of TELKOM’s authorized share capital, or in TELKOM’s case, Rp.5 trillion. To comply with the law, it was resolved at the annual general meeting of stockholders on April 16, 1999 to increase the issued share capital by way of capitalization of certain additional paid-in capital. The bonus shares were distributed to the then existing stockholders in August 1999.
      In December 2001, the Government conducted another block-sale of 1,200 million shares (or 11.90% of the total outstanding Series B shares).
      On July 16, 2002, the Government sold 312 million Series B shares (3.1% of the Series B shares) through an accelerated placement of TELKOM’s shares to institutional investors in Indonesia and globally at Rp.3,635 per share.
      At TELKOM’s Annual General Meeting of Shareholders in July 2004, the shareholders approved the split of nominal value of the Series A Dwiwarna share and Series B Shares of the Company from Rp.500 per share to Rp.250 per share. The number of authorized shares increased from 40,000,000,000 shares to 80,000,000,000 shares while the number of outstanding shares as of such date increased from 10,079,999,640 shares to 20,159,999,280 shares. As a result of the split of the nominal value, the previous one Series A Dwiwarna Share became two shares with the following criteria: (i) one Series A Dwiwarna share was preserved as a Series A Dwiwarna share owned by the Government with a nominal value of Rp.250 per share and (ii) the other share was issued as one Series B Share owned by the Government.
      At TELKOM’s Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders on December 21, 2005, the shareholders approved a share repurchase plan, pursuant to which TELKOM may repurchase up to a maximum of 5% of issued and outstanding Series B Shares for a total repurchase amount not exceeding Rp.5.25 trillion, in accordance with the rules and regulations of Badan Pengawas Pasar Modal dan Lembaga Keuangan (“BAPEPAM”) and the stock exchanges on which TELKOM shares and ADSs are trading, as well as other applicable regulatory bodies. Such repurchases are intended to be made from time to time over the eighteen month period following the announcement. Repurchases may be made at the discretion of the Company’s management through purchases of shares on the Jakarta and Surabaya Stock Exchanges, purchase of shares in ADS form on the New York Stock Exchange, off-exchange transactions and agreements, or any other legal means the Company deems appropriate.
      Through its share repurchase plan, TELKOM intends to achieve (i) greater flexibility in managing its capital; (ii) lower its overall cost of financing and improve its Earnings Per Share, Earnings Per ADS and Return on Equity and (iii) flexibility to undertake share repurchases at any time during the period the approval is in force.
      TELKOM has appointed Morgan Stanley Services Limited as the agent and PT. Danareksa Securities as the local broker for the share repurchase.
      Pursuant to the share repurchase plan, as of June 2, 2006, TELKOM has cumulatively repurchased an aggregate of 8,373,500 Series B shares on either the Jakarta Stock Exchange or the New York Stock Exchange, representing less than 0.05% of the total issued and outstanding Series B shares of 20,159,999,279 for a total repurchase amount of Rp.61.4 billion (US$6.2 million).

151

Table of Contents

Relationship with the Government
     Government as Shareholder
      As of December 31, 2005, the Government held approximately 51.19% of TELKOM’s Common Stock and the Series A share (the “Dwiwarna Share”), which carries special voting rights. As its largest shareholder, the Government is interested in TELKOM’s performance both in terms of the benefits it provides to the nation as well as its ability to operate on a commercial basis. The material rights and restrictions that are applicable to the Common Stock are also applicable to the Dwiwarna Share, except that the Government may not transfer the Dwiwarna Share and as the holder of the Dwiwarna Share has a veto with respect to (i) the nomination, election and removal of Directors; (ii) the nomination, election and removal of Commissioners; (iii) the issuance of new shares; and (iv) amendments to the Articles, including actions to merge or dissolve TELKOM, increase or decrease its authorized capital, or reduce its subscribed capital. Accordingly, the Government will have effective control of these matters even if it were to beneficially own less than a majority of the outstanding shares of Common Stock. The Government’s rights with respect to the Dwiwarna Share will not terminate unless the Articles of Association of the Company are amended, which would require the consent of the Government as holder of such Dwiwarna Share.
      It is the policy of the Company not to enter into transactions with affiliates unless the terms thereof are no less favorable to the Company than those which could be obtained by the Company on an arm’s-length basis from an unaffiliated third party. The State Minister of State-owned Enterprise (“SMSOE”) has advised the Company that the MoF, in its capacity as controlling shareholder of the Company, will not cause the Company to enter into transactions with other entities under its control unless the terms thereof are consistent with the Company’s policy set forth in the preceding sentence. The SMSOE has adopted a similar policy.
      Under regulations of BAPEPAM, Indonesia’s capital markets and financial institution supervisory agency, because the Company is listed on Indonesia’s stock exchanges, any transaction in which there is a conflict of interest (as defined below) must be approved by a majority of the holders of shares of Common Stock who do not have a conflict of interest in the proposed transaction, unless the conflict existed before the Company was listed and was fully disclosed in the offering documents. A conflict of interest is defined in BAPEPAM regulations to mean the difference between the economic interests of the Company and its stockholders, on the one hand and the personal economic interests of the members of the board of commissioners, board of directors or principal stockholders (a holder of 20% or more of the issued shares) and their respective affiliates jointly or separately on the other. A conflict of interest also exists when members of the board of commissioners, board of directors or a principal shareholder of the Company or their respective affiliates is involved in a transaction in which their personal interests may be in conflict with the interest of the Company. BAPEPAM has powers to enforce this rule; stockholders of the Company may also be entitled to seek enforcement or bring enforcement action based on this rule.
      Transactions between TELKOM and other state-owned or controlled enterprises could constitute “conflict of interest” transactions under the BAPEPAM regulations and the approval of disinterested stockholders would have to be obtained if a conflict of interest were to exist. TELKOM believes that many transactions conducted with state-owned or controlled enterprises in the ordinary course of their businesses and TELKOM’s business are on an arms-length, commercial basis and do not constitute “conflict of interest” transactions for which a disinterested stockholder vote would be required. Such transactions might include the sale by TELKOM of telephone services to state-owned or controlled enterprises or the purchase by TELKOM of electricity from a state-owned enterprise. Moreover, the BAPEPAM regulations do not require TELKOM to obtain disinterested shareholder approval of any transaction, the principal terms of which were disclosed in the Indonesian prospectus for the Initial Public Offering. TELKOM expects, however, in light of the substantial presence of enterprises owned or controlled by the Government, through the MoF, SMSOE, or one of its or their affiliates have in Indonesia, it may be desirable, in connection with the development and growth of TELKOM’s business,

152

Table of Contents

for TELKOM to enter into joint ventures, arrangements or transactions with such enterprises from time to time. Under such circumstances, TELKOM may seek to consult BAPEPAM in determining whether the proposed joint venture, arrangement or transaction would require a vote of disinterested stockholders under the terms of the BAPEPAM regulations. If BAPEPAM were of the view that the proposed joint venture, arrangement or transaction would not require a vote of disinterested stockholders under its regulations, TELKOM would proceed without seeking disinterested stockholders approval. If, however, BAPEPAM were to take the position that the proposal would require a vote of disinterested stockholders under its rule, TELKOM would either seek to obtain the requisite disinterested stockholder approval or abandon the proposal.
     Government as Regulator
      The Government regulates the telecommunications sector through the MoCI. In particular, the MoCI has authority to issue decrees implementing laws, which are typically broad in scope, thereby giving the Ministry considerable latitude in implementing and enforcing regulatory policy. Pursuant to such decrees, the MoCI defines the industry structure, determines the tariff formula, determines TELKOM’s USO obligations and otherwise controls many factors that may affect TELKOM’s competitive position, operations and financial condition. Through the DGPT, the Government regulates frequency and bandwidth allocation and TELKOM must obtain a license from the DGPT for each of its services as well as the utilization of frequency and bandwidths. The Company and other operators are also required to pay radio frequency usage fees. Telkomsel also holds several licenses issued by the MoCI (or previously issued by the MoC) for the provision of its cellular services and from the Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board relating to investment by Telkomsel for the development of cellular phone line services with national coverage, including the expansion of its network coverage. The Government, through the MoCI as regulator, has the power to grant new licenses for the establishment of new joint ventures and other arrangements, particularly in the telecommunications sector.
      The Company and its subsidiaries pay concession fees for telecommunication services provided and radio frequency usage charges to the MoCI. Concession fees amounted to Rp.239.0 billion, Rp.314.7 billion and Rp.558.5 billion (US$56.8 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Concession fees accounted for 1.6%, 1.6% and 2.3% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Radio frequency usage charges amounted to Rp.371.7 billion, Rp.492.6 billion and Rp.548.2 billion (US$55.8 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Radio frequency usage charges accounted for 2.5%, 2.5% and 2.2% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Beginning in 2005, the Company and its subsidiaries pay Universal Service Obligation (“USO”) charges to the MoCI, which for 2005, amounted to Rp.307.7 billion (US$31.3 million), reflecting 1.2% of total operating expenses in 2005.
     Government as Lender
      As of December 31, 2005, the Government had sub-loaned borrowings from foreign lenders to TELKOM as “two-step loans” amounting to Rp.5,329.5 billion (US$542.2 million), including current maturities. TELKOM is obligated to pay to the Government interest and principal repayment that is subsequently remitted by the Government to the respective lenders. At the end of December 2005, foreign currency loans represented 66.3% of the outstanding total of such loans. The remaining 33.7% of such outstanding loans is denominated in Rupiah. In 2005, the annual interest rates charged on loans repayable in Rupiah range from 8.3% to 10.7%, on those repayable in U.S. Dollar range from 4.0% to 6.8%, and on the loan repayable in Japanese Yen is 3.1%. See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — B. Liquidity and Capital Resources — Indebtedness”.
     Government as Customer
      The Government purchases services from the Company on a commercial basis. Government entities, in the aggregate, constitute the largest user of the Company’s services. The Company,

153

Table of Contents

however, deals with the various departments and agencies of the Government as separate customers and the provision of services to any single department or agency does not constitute a material part of TELKOM’s revenues. The Government and government agencies are treated for tariff purposes in respect to its connection charges and monthly charges as “residential”, which rates are lower than the business service rates. This special treatment does not apply to the tariff for local, long distance and IDD calls.
Other
     Proportion of securities of TELKOM held in Indonesia and outside Indonesia
      As of December 31, 2005, 14,018 persons, including the Government, were registered as holders of 20,159,999,279 Series B shares of TELKOM’s Common Stock in Indonesia. There were a total of 37,414,543 ADSs held by 149 registered holders as of December 31, 2005. The ADSs are traded on the NYSE and the LSE.
     Change in Control
      There are no arrangements which are known to the Company which may result in a change in control to the Company.
B.     Related party transactions
      TELKOM is a party to certain agreements and engages in transactions with a number of entities that are related to the Company, such as joint venture companies, cooperatives and foundations, as well as the Government and entities that are related to or owned or controlled by the Government, such as state-owned entities. See Note 45 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The most significant of these transactions include:
     Indosat
      At the time TELKOM acquired Pramindo in August 2002, a 13% of the issued and paid up share capital of Pramindo was owned by Indosat, a company that, at that time, was majority owned and controlled by our major shareholder, the Government of Indonesia. Since December 20, 2002, Indosat has been controlled by Singapore Technologies Telemedia Pte. Ltd. TELKOM still considers Indosat as a related party because the Government can exert significant influence over the financial and operating policies of Indosat by virtue of its right to appoint one director and one commissioner of Indosat.
      Following the merger of Indosat, PT Indosat Multimedia Mobile (“IM3”), Satelindo and PT Bimagraha Telekomindo on November 20, 2003, with Indosat as the surviving entity, all the rights and obligations of Satelindo and IM3 arising from their agreements with TELKOM and Telkomsel, as the case may be, were transferred to or assumed by Indosat.
      The Company has an agreement with Indosat for the provision of international telecommunication services to the public. The principal matters covered by the agreement are as follows:
  •  The Company provides a local network for customers to make or receive international calls. Indosat provides the international network for the customers, except for certain border towns, as determined by the Director General of Post and Telecommunication of the Republic of Indonesia. The international telecommunication services include telephone, telex, telegram, package switched data network, television, teleprinter, Alternate Voice/Data Telecommunication (AVD), hotline and teleconferencing. The Company receives compensation for the services, based on the interconnection tariff determined by the Minister of Communications of the Republic of Indonesia;
 
  •  The Company has also entered into an interconnection agreement between the Company’s PSTN network and Indosat’s cellular network in connection with the implementation of Indosat

154

Table of Contents

  Multimedia Mobile services and the settlement of the related interconnection rights and obligations; and
 
  •  The Company’s compensation relating to leased lines/ channel services, such as International Broadcasting System, AVD and bill printing is calculated at 15% of Indosat’s revenues from such services. Indosat also leased circuits from the Company to link Jakarta, Medan and Surabaya through year-end 2003.

      In 1994, the Company transferred to Satelindo (now Indosat) the right to use a parcel of Company-owned land located in Jakarta that had been previously leased to PT Telekomindo Primabhakti. Based on the transfer agreement, Satelindo is given the right to use the land for 30 years and can apply for the right to build properties thereon. The ownership of the land is retained by the Company. Satelindo agreed to pay Rp.43.0 billion to the Company for the thirty-year right. Satelindo paid Rp.17.2 billion in 1994 and the remaining Rp.25.8 billion was not paid because the Utilization Right (“Hak Pengelolaan Lahan”) on the land could not be delivered as provided in the transfer agreement. In 2000, the Company and Satelindo agreed on an alternative solution by accounting for the above payment as lease expense up to 2006. In 2001, Satelindo paid an additional amount of Rp.59.9 billion as lease expense up to 2024.
      Telkomsel also entered into an agreement with Indosat for the provision of international telecommunication services to GSM mobile cellular customers. The principal matters covered by the agreement are as follows:
  •  Telkomsel’s GSM mobile cellular telecommunication network is connected with Indosat’s international gateway exchanges to make outgoing or receive incoming international calls through Indosat’s international gateway exchanges;
 
  •  Telkomsel receives as compensation for the interconnection, a specific percentage of Indosat’s revenues from the related services made through Indosat’s international gateway exchanges;
 
  •  Billings for international calls made by Telkomsel’s customers of GSM mobile cellular telecommunication are handled by Telkomsel. Telkomsel is obliged to pay Indosat’s share of revenue regardless whether billings to customers have been collected; and
 
  •  The agreement dated March 29, 1996, was initially valid for one year, but extendable as agreed by both parties. The latest amended agreement is valid until March 2008, but extendable as agreed by both parties. Pending negotiations on a new agreement, Telkomsel and Indosat have entered into an interim agreement with terms similar to those set forth above. Under the terms of the interim agreement, Telkomsel will receive 27% of the applicable tariff for outgoing international calls from Telkomsel subscribers and Rp.800 per minute for incoming international calls to Telkomsel subscribers. The interim agreement became effective on March 1, 2004 and continues until such date that Telkomsel and Indosat enter into a new agreement.
      Telkomsel also has an agreement for the usage of Indosat’s telecommunication facilities. The agreement, which was made in 1997, is valid for eleven years and subject to change based on an annual review and agreement by both parties. The charges for the usage of the facilities amounted to Rp.17.9 billion, Rp.19.1 billion and Rp.19.1 billion (US$1.9 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, or 0.1%, 0.1% and 0.1% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      Other agreements between Telkomsel and Indosat are as follows:
Agreement on Construction and Maintenance for the Jakarta-Surabaya Cable System (“J-S Cable System”)
      Telkomsel, Lintasarta, Satelindo and Indosat entered into the Construction and Maintenance for J-S Cable System Agreement. The parties formed a management committee consisting of a chairman and a representative of each party, to direct the construction and operation of the cable system. The construction of the cable system was completed in 1998. Based on the agreement, Telkomsel shared

155

Table of Contents

19.325% of the total construction cost. Operation and maintenance costs are shared based on an agreed formula.
      Telkomsel’s share in operation and maintenance costs amounted to Rp.1.4 billion, Rp.2.1 billion and Rp.1.2 billion (US$0.1 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
     Indefeasible Right of Use Agreement
      On September 21, 2000, Telkomsel entered into an agreement with Indosat for the use of SEA — ME — WE 3 and tail link in Jakarta and Medan. Based on the agreement, Telkomsel was granted an indefeasible right to use certain capacity of the network commencing from September 21, 2000 to 2015 by prepaying compensation amounting to US$2.7 million. In addition to the prepayment, Telkomsel is also charged annual operation and maintenance costs amounting to US$0.1 million.
     Interconnection Revenues
      The Company and its subsidiaries earned net interconnection revenues from Indosat (including Satelindo and IM3 before their merger with Indosat) of Rp.235.7 billion in 2003, representing 0.9% of total operating revenues in 2003. The Company and its subsidiaries were charged net interconnection charges from Indosat of Rp.158.3 billion and Rp.52.8 billion (US$5.4 million) in 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 0.5% and 0.1%, of total operating revenues in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
     Leased Lines
      The Company provides leased lines to Indosat and its subsidiaries, namely Indosat Mega Media and Lintasarta. The leased lines can be used by those companies for telephone, telegraph, data, telex, facsimile or other telecommunication services. Revenue earned from these transactions amounted to Rp.43.6 billion, Rp.109.8 billion, and Rp.126.4 billion (US$12.9 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.3% of total operating revenues in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
     Satellite Transponder Lease
      Lintasarta utilizes the Company’s satellite transponders or frequency channels. Revenue earned from these transactions amounted to Rp.23.7 billion, Rp.14.5 billion and Rp.8.1 billion (US$0.8 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 0.1%, less than 0.1% and less than 0.1% of total operating revenues in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
     Data communication network
      Telkomsel has an agreement with Lintasarta and PT Artajasa Pembayaran Elektronis (“Artajasa”) for the usage of data communication network system. The charges from Lintasarta and Artajasa for the services amounted to Rp.11.0 billion, Rp.21.4 billion and Rp.23.1 billion (US$2.4 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 0.1%, 0.1% and 0.1% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
     Agreement with Government agencies and associated companies
      The Company provides telecommunication services to Government agencies.
      The Company has entered into agreements with Government agencies and associated companies, namely, CSM, KSO VII, and Patrakom, for utilization of the Company’s satellite transponders or frequency channels. Revenues earned from these transactions amounted to Rp.73.2 billion, Rp.51.0 billion and Rp.66.8 billion (US$6.8 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 0.3%, 0.2% and 0.2% of total operating revenues in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      The Company provides leased lines to other license operators such as CSM, Patrakom and PSN. The leased lines can be used by these companies for telephone, telegraph, data, telex, facsimile or other

156

Table of Contents

telecommunication services. Revenue earned from these transactions amounted to Rp.44.7 billion, Rp.25.7 billion and Rp.30.7 billion (US$3.1 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, which was 0.2%, 0.1% and 0.1% of total operating revenues in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      The Company purchases property and equipment including construction and installation services from a number of related parties. These related parties include PT Industri Telekomunikasi Indonesia (“PT INTI”), Lembaga Elektronika Nasional, PT Adhi Karya, PT Pembangunan Perumahan, PT Nindya Karya, PT Boma Bisma Indra, PT Wijaya Karya, PT Waskita Karya and PT Gratika, which are all state-owned companies, and Koperasi Pegawai Telkom, a related party cooperative. Purchases made from these related parties amounted to Rp.127.0 billion, Rp.268.9 billion and Rp.337.7 billion (US$34.3 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 1.1%, 2.4% and 2.5% of total fixed assets purchases in 2003, 2004 and 2005 respectively.
      PT INTI is also a major contractor and supplier providing equipment, including construction and installation services, for Telkomsel. Total purchases from PT INTI in 2003, 2004 and 2005 amounted to Rp.52.3 billion, Rp.217.7 billion and Rp.67.6 billion (US$6.9 million), respectively, representing 0.5%, 1.9% and 0.5% of total fixed assets purchases in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      Telkomsel has an agreement with PSN for lease of PSN’s transmission link. Based on the agreement, which was made on March 14, 2001, the minimum lease period is 2 years since the operation of the transmission link and is extendable subject to agreement by both parties. The lease charges amounted to Rp.40.5 billion, Rp.49.7 billion and Rp.95.2 billion (US$9.7 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 0.3%, 0.3% and 0.4% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      The Company and its subsidiaries carry insurance (on their property, plant and equipment against property losses, inventory and on employees’ social security) obtained from PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia, PT Asuransi Tenaga Kerja and PT Persero Asuransi Jiwasraya, which are state-owned insurance companies. Insurance premiums amounted to Rp.159.5 billion, Rp.148.3 billion and Rp.58.3 billion (US$5.9 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 1.1%, 0.8% and 0.2% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      The Company and its subsidiaries maintain current accounts and time deposits in several state-owned banks. In addition, some of those banks are appointed as collecting agents for the Company. Total placements in form of current accounts and time deposits, and mutual funds in state-owned banks amounted to Rp.2,116.0 billion and Rp.3,315.4 billion (US$337.3 million) as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 3.8% and 5.3% of total assets as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Interest income recognized during 2003, 2004 and 2005 was Rp.274.0 billion, Rp.150.4 billion and Rp.124.0 billion (US$12.6 million), representing 74.9%, 47.3% and 36.0% of total interest income, respectively.
      The Company’s subsidiaries have loans from a state-owned bank. Interest expense on the loans for 2004 and 2005 amounted to Rp.9.1 billion and Rp.5.1 billion (US$0.5 million), representing 0.7% and 0.4% of total interest expense in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      The Company (a) leases buildings, (b) purchases materials and construction services and (c) utilizes maintenance and cleaning services from Dana Pensiun Telkom and PT Sandhy Putra Makmur, a subsidiary of Yayasan Sandikara Putra Telkom (a foundation managed by Dharma Wanita Telkom). Total charges from these transactions amounted to Rp.32.8 billion, Rp.24.9 billion and Rp.39.1 billion (US$4.0 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 0.2%, 0.1% and 0.2% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      The Company purchased encoded phone cards from Perusahaan Umum Percetakan Uang Republik Indonesia, a state-owned company. The cost of the phone cards amounted to Rp.7.7 billion, nil and nil in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 0.05%, 0% and 0% of total operating expenses for 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.

157

Table of Contents

      The Company and its subsidiaries earned (were charged) interconnection revenues (charges) from PSN of Rp.19.0 million, Rp.(5.5) million and Rp.1.1 million (US$0.1 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 0.1%, (0.02)% and less than 0.01% of total operating revenues in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      In addition to revenues earned under the KSO Agreements, the Company also earned income from building rental, repairs and maintenance services and training services provided to the KSO Units, amounting to Rp.23.1 billion, Rp.18.4 billion and Rp.26.8 billion (US$2.7 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 0.1%, 0.1% and 0.1% of total operating revenues in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      The Company has a revenue-sharing arrangement with Koperasi Pegawai Telkom (“Kopegtel”). Kopegtel’s share in the revenues from these arrangements amounted to Rp.20.6 billion and Rp.31.9 billion (US$3.2 million) in 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 0.1% and 0.1% of total operating revenues in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      Telkomsel has operating lease agreements with Patrakom and CSM for the usage of their transmission link for a period of three years, subject to extensions. The lease charges amounted to Rp.25.0 billion and Rp.123.9 billion in 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 0.1% and 0.5% of total operating expenses in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      Kisel is a cooperative that was established by Telkomsel’s employees to provide car rental services, printing and distribution of customer bills, collection and other services, principally servicing Telkomsel. For Kisel’s services, Telkomsel paid Rp.109.5 billion and Rp.78.7 billion in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Telkomsel also has dealership agreements with Kisel for distribution of SIM cards and pulse reload vouchers. Total SIM cards and pulse reload vouchers sold to Kisel amounted to Rp.816.6 billion and Rp.1,158.6 billion in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      Infomedia provides electronic media and call center services to KSO Unit VII based on an agreement dated March 4, 2003. Revenue earned from these transactions in 2004 and 2005 amounted to Rp.5.5 billion and Rp.9.2 billion (US$0.9 million), respectively, or 0.02% and 0.02% of total operating revenues in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      The Company provides a defined benefit pension plan and a post-retirement health care plan for its pensioners through Dana Pensiun Telkom and Yayasan Kesehatan Pegawai Telkom. See Notes 42 and 44 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 18.
      The Company has also seconded a number of its employees to related parties to assist them in operating their business. In addition, the Company provides certain of its related parties with the right to use its buildings free of charge.
C.     Interest of experts and counsel
      Not applicable.
ITEM 8.     FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A.     Consolidated statements and other financial information
      See Item 18. “Consolidated Financial Statements,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
Material Litigation
     Commissions for Business Competition Watch (Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha) (“KPPU”)
      On August 13, 2004, the KPPU issued its verdict in Commission Court, which determined that the Company had breached several articles of Law No. 5/1999 on Anti Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition (“Competition Law”). In addition, KPPU also indicated that the Company should allow Warung Telkom (“kiosks”) to channel international calls to other international call

158

Table of Contents

operators, and abolish the clause in agreements between the Company and Warung Telkom providers which limit Warung Telkom to sell telecommunication services of other operators. The Company filed an appeal to the Bandung District Court which on December 7, 2004 issued its verdicts in favor of the Company. On January 4, 2005, KPPU filed an appeal to the Indonesian Supreme Court. The Company does not believe that these proceedings presently pending will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
B.     Significant changes
      On May 13, 2004, TELKOM received its commercial license to provide IDD fixed line services. On June 7, 2004, TELKOM began offering IDD fixed line services to customers under the brand name “TIC 007.”
      See the important disclosures regarding changes in the regulations governing the Indonesian telecommunications industry in Item 4. “Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Regulations”.
      See Note 53 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements in Item 18 for information relating to material subsequent events occurring after December 31, 2005.

159

Table of Contents

ITEM 9.     THE OFFER AND LISTING
A.     Offer and listing details
      The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, the reported high and low quoted prices for the currently outstanding Common Stock on the JSX.
SHARE PRICE INFORMATION
                   
    Price per Share*
     
Calendar Year   High   Low
         
    (in Rupiah)
2001
     3,400       1,825  
 
First Quarter
     3,150       1,775  
 
Second Quarter
     3,200       2,175  
 
Third Quarter
     3,525       2,650  
 
Fourth Quarter
     3,250       2,425  
2002
                
 
First Quarter
     4,300       2,825  
 
Second Quarter
     4,725       3,700  
 
Third Quarter
     3,900       3,125  
 
Fourth Quarter
     4,000       2,350  
2003
                
 
First Quarter
     3,725       3,225  
 
Second Quarter
     4,950       3,650  
 
Third Quarter
     6,000       4,125  
 
Fourth Quarter
     6,750       5,650  
2004
                
 
First Quarter
     4,025       3,300  
 
Second Quarter
     4,350       3,300  
 
Third Quarter
     4,225       3,650  
 
Fourth Quarter
     5,200       4,175  
2005
                
 
First Quarter
     5,125       4,300  
 
Second Quarter
     5,350       4,175  
 
Third Quarter
     5,800       4,775  
 
Fourth Quarter
     6,150       4,925  
 
October
     5,400       5,000  
 
November
     5,500       4,925  
 
December
     6,150       5,450  
2006
                
 
January
     6,550       6,050  
 
February
     6,400       5,950  
 
March
     7,000       6,200  
 
April
     7,750       6,900  
 
May
     8,400       7,050  
 
*  On October 1, 2004, TELKOM effected a two-for-one split of its Common Stock from Rp.500 par value per share to Rp.250 par value per share as resolved in the AGMS on July 30, 2004. The price per share reflects this split for all periods shown.

160

Table of Contents

     On December 29, 2005 (the last trading day in 2005 on the JSX), the closing price for a share of Common Stock was Rp.5,900.
      The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, the reported high and low quoted prices of the ADSs on the NYSE and LSE.
ADS PRICE INFORMATION
                                   
    Price per ADS   Price per ADS
    (NYSE)   (LSE)
         
Calendar Year   High   Low   High   Low
                 
    (in US Dollars)   (in US Dollars)
2001
                                
 
First Quarter
     6.7       4.0       6.5       3.9  
 
Second Quarter
     5.6       3.7       5.6       3.8  
 
Third Quarter
     7.1       5.5       7.1       5.5  
 
Fourth Quarter
     5.8       4.7       6.1       4.8  
2002
                                
 
First Quarter
     8.6       5.5       8.6       5.5  
 
Second Quarter
     9.8       8.4       9.8       8.4  
 
Third Quarter
     8.7       7.0       8.7       7.1  
 
Fourth Quarter
     8.9       5.6       8.9       5.3  
2003
                                
 
First Quarter
     8.44       7.30       8.53       7.27  
 
Second Quarter
     12.09       8.19       11.78       8.33  
 
Third Quarter
     13.73       9.85       13.90       9.60  
 
Fourth Quarter
     16.42       13.13       16.05       13.40  
2004
                                
 
First Quarter
     19.45       15.13       18.97       15.29  
 
Second Quarter
     19.91       14.13       20.27       14.08  
 
Third Quarter
     18.55       15.81       19.00       15.73  
 
Fourth Quarter
     23.33       18.30       23.21       19.37  
2005
                                
 
First Quarter
     21.96       18.11       21.86       18.17  
 
Second Quarter
     21.96       16.85       21.99       16.88  
 
Third Quarter
     23.66       18.10       29.76       17.97  
 
Fourth Quarter
     25.50       19.81       25.47       19.71  
 
October
     21.35       19.81       20.76       19.78  
 
November
     22.08       19.82       20.45       19.71  
 
December
     25.50       22.21       25.47       22.05  
2006
                                
 
January
     27.75       24.65       27.29       23.78  
 
February
     28.00       26.05       27.86       26.73  
 
March
     31.51       26.38       31.38       26.62  
 
April
     35.19       30.46       35.11       30.76  
 
May
     38.28       28.86       38.35       30.60  

161

Table of Contents

      On December 31, 2005, the closing price for an ADS was US$23.86 on the NYSE and US$23.78 on the LSE.
B.     Plan of distribution
      Not applicable.
C.     Markets
      TELKOM’s Common Stock is listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange (“JSX”) and the Surabaya Stock Exchange (“SSX”). The JSX is the principal non-U.S. trading market for the Company’s Common Stock. In addition, American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”), each representing 40 shares of Common Stock, are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and the London Stock Exchange (“LSE”). TELKOM’s Common Stock has also been publicly offered without listing in Japan.
The Indonesian Securities Market
      As of the date of this Annual Report, there are two stock exchanges in Indonesia. The primary market is the JSX located in Jakarta and the other is the SSX located in Surabaya, East Java. The JSX is the larger and more prominent of the two exchanges, with an aggregate equity market capitalization of Rp.801.25 trillion at year end 2005 as compared to Rp.695.56 trillion for the SSX. Total trading value on the JSX during 2005 was Rp.406.01 trillion, compared with Rp.5.29 trillion on the SSX.
Overview of the JSX
      As of December 31, 2005, the JSX comprised of 122 members. Trading rules on the JSX are, at present, generated in the form of decisions by the JSX. There are currently two daily trading sessions for regular market and negotiated market from Monday to Thursday, a morning session from 9.30 a.m. to 12.00 noon, followed by an afternoon session from 1.30 p.m. to 4.00 p.m. There are two trading sessions on Friday, from 9.30 a.m. to 11.30 a.m. and from 2.00 p.m. to 4.00 p.m. There is only one cash market trading session from Monday to Thursday, 9.30 a.m. to 12.00 noon, and on Friday, 9.30 a.m. to 11.30 a.m.
      Trading of securities is divided into three market segments: regular market, negotiated market and cash market (except for right issues which may only be traded in the cash and negotiated markets). The regular market is the mechanism for trading stock in standard lots on a continuous auction market during exchange hours. Regular market and cash market trading is generally carried out in unit lots of 500 shares. The price movements:
  • for shares with previous price under Rp.500, in multiples of Rp.5 and each price movement should be no more than Rp.50;
 
  • for shares with previous price between the range of Rp.500 up to Rp.2,000, in multiples of Rp.10 and each price movement should be no more than Rp.100;
 
  • for shares with previous price between the range of Rp.2,000 up to Rp.5,000, in multiples of Rp.25 and each price movement should be no more than Rp.250; and
 
  • for shares with previous price between the range of Rp.5,000 or more, in multiples of Rp.50 and each price movement should be no more than Rp.500.
      Auctioning takes place according to price priority and time priority. Price priority refers to the giving of priority to buying orders at a higher price or selling orders at a lower price. If buying or selling orders are placed at the same price, priority is given to the buying or selling order placed first (i.e. time priority).
      The negotiated market trading is carried out by (i) direct negotiation between members of JSX or (ii) between clients through one member of JSX or (iii) between client and member of JSX or

162

Table of Contents

(iv) between member of JSX with Kustodi Penjaminan Efek Indonesia (Indonesian Clearing Guarantee Corporation) (“KPEI”). The negotiated market trading does not use round lots.
      Transactions on the JSX regular market are required to be settled no later than the third trading day after the transactions except for cross trading. Transactions on the negotiated market are settled based on agreement between the selling exchange member and the buying exchange member, and are settled per transaction. Transactions on the JSX cash market are required to be settled on the trading day of the transactions. In case of a default by an exchange member on settlement, cash market trading takes place, pursuant to which trading of securities by means of direct negotiation on cash and carry terms will be conducted. All cash market transactions must be reported to the JSX. An exchange member is obliged to pay a transaction cost as regulated by the JSX, delay in payment of the transaction cost will be subject to a fine of 1.0% of the outstanding amount for each day of delay. For any violation on JSX rules, JSX may impose to exchange member sanctions: (i) fine up to Rp.500 million; (ii) a written warning; (iii) suspension; or (iv) revocation of license as an exchange member.
      All transactions involving shares listed only on the JSX which use the services of brokers must be conducted through the JSX. In order for a trade (except a block trade) to be made on the JSX, both the cash and securities settlement must be conducted through the facilities of the JSX. Engaging in short selling is prohibited under the applicable regulations. Furthermore, the JSX may cancel a transaction if proof exists of fraud, market manipulation or the use of insider information. The JSX may also suspend trading if there are indications of fraudulent transactions or artificial inflation of share prices, misleading information, use of insider information, counterfeit securities or securities blocked from trading, or any other material event. The JSX may suspend trading of certain securities or suspend certain members of the stock exchange. For transactions involving shares listed on both the JSX and the SSX, either exchange may be used to effect the trade.
      Members of the JSX charge a brokerage fee for their services, based on agreement with their client, up to a maximum of 1.0% of the transaction value. When conducting share transactions on the JSX, exchange members are required to pay a transaction cost in the amount of 0.03% of the transaction value (for transactions in the regular and cash markets) and a transaction cost in the amount of 0.03% of the transaction value or based on the exchange policy (for transactions in the negotiated markets). The transaction cost is minimum Rp.2 million per month as contribution for the provision of stock exchange’s facilities (which continues to apply for stock exchange members in suspension). The clients are also responsible for paying a 10.0% value added tax on the amount of brokerage fee and transaction cost. Also, Indonesian sellers are required to pay a withholding tax of 0.1% (0.6% for founder shares) of the total transaction value. Additionally, stamp duty of Rp.3,000 is payable on any transaction with a value between Rp.250,000 and Rp.1,000,000 and stamp duty of Rp.6,000 is payable on every transaction with a value of more than Rp.1,000,000.
      Shareholders or their appointees may request at any time during working hours, the issuer or a securities administration bureau appointed by the issuer of such shares to register their shares in the issuer’s registry of shareholders. Reporting of share ownership to BAPEPAM is mandatory for shareholders whose ownership has reached 5.0% or more of issued and fully paid up capital, upon meeting such share ownership level or upon changes of such ownership.
Trading on the NYSE and LSE
      The Bank of New York serves as depositary (the “Depositary”) with respect to the ADSs traded on the NYSE and the LSE. Each ADS represents 40 shares of Common Stock. As of December 31, 2005, 37,414,543 ADSs were outstanding in either the New York Stock Exchange or London Stock Exchange and there were 149 registered holders of ADSs.
D.     Selling Stockholders
      Not applicable.

163

Table of Contents

E.     Dilution
      Not applicable.
F.     Expenses of the issue
      Not applicable.
ITEM 10.     ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A.     Share capital
      Not applicable.
B.     Memorandum and articles of association
      The Company’s articles of association (“Articles”) have been registered with the Ministry of Justice in accordance with the Limited Liability Company Law No. 1 Year 1995 (“Indonesian Company Law”) and was announced by Ministerial Decree number C2-7468.HT.01.04.TH.97 year 1997. According to article 3, the objectives and purposes of the Company are to operate telecommunications networks and provide telecommunications and information services.
      In accordance with Indonesian company law, TELKOM has a Board of Commissioners and a Board of Directors. The two Boards are separate and no individual may be a member of both Boards. See Item 6. “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — A. Directors and Senior Management.” The Articles state that any transaction involving a conflict of interest between the Company and its directors, commissioners and stockholders should be approved by a stockholders meeting, in which approval is required from a majority of independent stockholders.
      Each director also receives an annual bonus and other incentives if TELKOM surpasses certain financial and operating targets, the amounts of which are determined by the stockholders at the general meeting of stockholders. Bonuses and incentives are budgeted annually and are based on the recommendation of the Board of Directors which recommendation must be approved by the Board of Commissioners before submission to the stockholders. Each commissioner is granted a monthly honorarium and certain other allowances and is paid an annual bonus if TELKOM surpasses certain financial operating targets, the amounts of which are determined by the stockholders at the general meeting of stockholders. Each commissioner also receives a lump sum bonus paid at the end of the commissioner’s term pursuant to a letter of the Ministry of Finance which applies to all state-owned companies. No fees are paid to the Commissioners or Directors for attendance at their respective board meetings.
      The Board of Directors are tasked with the responsibility of leading and managing the Company in accordance with its objectives and purposes and to control, preserve and manage the assets of the Company. Within such broad scope of responsibility, the Board of Directors are authorized to cause the Company to borrow such sums as it may require from time to time subject to the limitations set forth in the Articles. The borrowing powers of the Board of Directors may only be varied through an amendment to the Articles.
      The Articles do not contain any requirement for (i) the directors to retire by a specified age, or (ii) the directors to own any or a specified number of shares of the Company. The rights, preferences and restrictions attaching to each class of the shares of the Company in respect of specified matters are set forth below:
  • dividend rights. Dividends are to be paid based upon the financial condition of TELKOM and in accordance with the resolution of the stockholders in a general meeting, which will also determine the form of and time for payment of the dividend;

164

Table of Contents

  • voting rights. The holder of each voting share is entitled to one vote at a general meeting of stockholders;
 
  • rights to share in the Company’s profits. See dividend rights;
 
  • rights to share in any surplus in the event of liquidation. Stockholders are entitled to surplus in the event of liquidation in accordance with their proportion of shareholding, provided the nominal value of the Common Stock that they hold is fully paid-up;
 
  • redemption provisions. There are no stock redemption provisions in the Articles. However, based on Article 30 of Indonesian Company Law, TELKOM may buy back at the maximum 10% of its issued shares;
 
  • reserved fund provisions. Retained earnings up to a minimum of 20% of the issued capital of the Company is to be set aside to cover potential losses suffered by the Company. If the amount in the reserved fund exceeds 20% of the issued capital of the Company, general meeting of stockholders may authorize the Company to utilize such excess funds as dividends;
 
  • liability to further capital calls. Stockholders of the Company may be asked to subscribe for new shares in the Company from time to time. Such right is to be offered to stockholders prior to being offered to third parties and may be transferred at the option of the shareholder. The Board of Directors of the Company is authorized to offer the new shares to third parties in the event that the existing shareholder is unable or unwilling to subscribe for such new shares; and
 
  • provisions discriminating against any existing or prospective holder of such securities as a result of such shareholder owning a substantial number of shares. The Articles do not contain any such provision.
      In order to change the rights of holders of stock, an amendment to the relevant provisions of the Articles would be required. Any amendment to the Articles requires the approval of the holder of the Series A Dwiwarna share and two thirds of the holders of the Series B shares present at a general meeting. Such meeting must also be attended by the holder of the Series A Dwiwarna share.
      General meetings of stockholders may only be convened upon the issuance of the requisite notice by the Company. The notice is to be published in at least 2 newspapers having general circulation within Indonesia, one of which must be in Indonesian and the other in English. The notice period for convening annual general meetings and extraordinary general meetings is 21 days (not including the date the meeting was called and the date of the meeting) and 14 days (not including the date the meeting was called and the date of the meeting) respectively. The quorum for the general meeting is stockholders representing more than 50% of the outstanding share capital of the Company. In the event that quorum is not achieved, another meeting is to be held, which meeting does not require the issue of a notice. At the second meeting, the quorum for the meeting is stockholders representing one third of the outstanding share capital of the Company. In the event that quorum is not achieved at the second meeting, a third meeting may be held, the quorum for which shall be determined by the Head of the District Court that has a judicial jurisdiction over TELKOM. Stockholders may vote by proxy. All resolutions are to be passed by consensus. If consensus cannot be reached, resolutions are passed by simple majority, unless a larger majority is required by the Articles.
      The Articles do not contain any limitations on the right of any person, to own shares of the Company. Indonesian capital market regulations do not contain any limitation on the right of any person, whether local or foreign, to own shares in a company listed on an Indonesian stock exchange.
      Any takeover of the Company is required to be approved by the holder of the Series A Dwiwarna share and a majority constituting 75% of the holders of the Series B shares at a general meeting of stockholders that must be attended by the holder of the Series A Dwiwarna share. There are no other provisions in the Articles that would have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the Company.

165

Table of Contents

      Each director and commissioner has an obligation to report to BAPEPAM with regard to their ownership and the changes of their ownership in the Company and this obligation also applies to stockholders who have an ownership of 5% or more in the paid up capital of the Company. TELKOM believes that the Articles are not significantly different from those generally prevailing in Indonesia in respect of public companies listed on an Indonesian stock exchange. TELKOM also believes that the provisions in the Articles relating to changes in the capital of TELKOM are not more stringent than that required by Indonesian law.
Summary of significant differences between Indonesian corporate governance practices and the NYSE’s corporate governance standards
      The following sets forth a brief, general summary of significant differences between the corporate governance practices followed by Indonesian companies, such as TELKOM, and those required by the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) of U.S. companies that have common stock listed on the NYSE. The NYSE listing standards are available on the NYSE’s website at http://www.nyse.com.
     Overview of Indonesian law
      Indonesian public companies are required to observe and comply with certain good corporate governance practices. The requirements and the standards for good corporate governance practices for public companies are mainly embodied in the following regulations: Law No. 1 of 1995 on Limited Liability Companies (“Company Law”); the Law No. 8 of 1995 on Capital Market (“Capital Market Law”); the Regulations of the Indonesian Capital Market Supervisory Board (“BAPEPAM Regulations”); and the rules issued by the Indonesian stock exchanges, namely Jakarta Stock Exchange (“JSX”) and Surabaya Stock Exchange (“SSX”). In addition to the above statutory requirements, the articles of association (“Articles”) of public companies commonly incorporate provisions directing the corporate governance practices in such companies.
      Similar to the laws of the United States, Indonesian laws require public companies to observe and comply with standards of corporate governance practices that are more stringent than those applied to privately-owned companies. It should be noted that in Indonesia, the term “public company” does not necessarily refer to a company whose shares are listed on a securities exchange. Under the Capital Market Law, a non-listed company may be deemed a public company, and subjected to the laws and regulations governing public companies, if such company meets or exceeds the capital and shareholder requirements applicable to a publicly-listed company.
      In 2000, the Government established the National Committee on Corporate Governance (“NCGI”), an informal committee that was tasked with formulating good corporate governance standards for Indonesian companies. As a result, the NCGI formulated the Code for Good Corporate Governance (“Code”) which recommended setting more stringent corporate governance standards for Indonesian companies, such as the appointment of independent audit and compensation committees by the Boards of Commissioners, as well as increasing the scope of Indonesian companies’ disclosure obligations. Although the NCGI recommended that the Code be adopted by the Government as a basis for legal reform, as of the date of this Annual Report the Government has not enacted regulations that fully implement the provisions of the Code. For example, while public companies such as TELKOM are now required to have independent audit committees, they are not yet required to have independent compensation committees. Accordingly, many of the Code’s provisions have not been implemented by Indonesian companies.
     Composition of Board of Directors; Independence
      The NYSE listing standards provide that the board of directors of a U.S. listed company must consist of a majority of independent directors and that certain committees must consist solely of

166

Table of Contents

independent directors. A director qualifies as independent only if the board affirmatively determines that the director has no material relationship with the company, either directly or indirectly.
      Unlike companies incorporated in the United States, the management of an Indonesian company consists of two organs of equal stature, the Board of Commissioners (“BoC”) and the Board of Directors (“BoD”). Generally, the BoD is responsible for the day-to-day business activities of the company and is authorized to act for and on behalf of the company, while the BoC has the authority and responsibility to supervise the BoD and is statutorily mandated to provide advice to the BoD.
      With regard to the BoC, the Company Law requires a public company’s BoC to have at least two members. Although the Company Law is silent as to the composition of the BoC, Listing Regulation No. 1A issued by the JSX states that at least 30% of the members of the BoC of a public company (such as TELKOM) must be independent.
      As to the BoD, the Company Law states that the BoD has the authority to manage the daily operation of the company and must have at least two members, each of whom must meet the minimum qualification requirements set forth in the Company Law. Given the difference between the role of the members of the BoD in an Indonesian company and that of their counterparts in a U.S. company, Indonesian law does not require that certain members of the BoD must be independent and neither does it require the creation of certain committees composed entirely of independent directors.
     Committees
      The NYSE listing standards require that a U.S. listed company must have an audit committee, a nominating/corporate governance committee and a compensation committee. Each of these committees must consist solely of independent directors and must have a written charter that addresses certain matters specified in the listing standards.
      The Company Law does not require Indonesian public companies to form any of the committees described in the NYSE listing standards. However, Listing Regulation No. 1A issued by the JSX does require the BoC of a listed public company (such as TELKOM) to form committees that will oversee the company’s audit process (which committee must be headed by an independent member of the BoC).
      TELKOM has an audit committee composed of seven members: two independent commissioners, four members who are not affiliated with TELKOM and a non-independent commissioner with no right to vote as he is affiliated with the Government. New listing rules adopted pursuant to Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act requires a foreign private issuer with securities listed on the NYSE to have an audit committee comprised of independent directors. The rules became effective on July 31, 2005. Under Rule 10A-3(c)(3), however, foreign private issuers are exempt from the independence requirements if (i) the home country government or stock exchange requires the company to have an audit committee; (ii) the audit committee is separate from the board of directors and has members from both inside and outside the board of directors; (iii) the audit committee members are not elected by the management and no executive officer of the company is a member of the audit committee; (iv) the home country government or stock exchange has requirements for an audit committee independent from the management of the company; and (v) the audit committee is responsible for the appointment, retention and oversight of the work of external auditors. TELKOM avails itself of this exemption as set forth in its Amended Section 303A Annual Written Affirmation, filed with the NYSE on January 12, 2006. The NYSE listing standards and the charter of TELKOM’s audit committee share the goal of establishing a system for overseeing the company’s accounting that is independent from management and of ensuring the auditor’s independence. However, unlike the requirements set forth in the NYSE listing standards, TELKOM’s audit committee does not have direct responsibility for the appointment, compensation and retention of TELKOM’s external auditor. TELKOM’s audit committee can only recommend the appointment of the external auditor to the BoC, and the BoC’s decision is subject to shareholder approval. For more information, see Item 6. “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — A. Directors and Senior Managers — Board of Commissioners’ Committees.”

167

Table of Contents

      TELKOM’s BoC also re-established TELKOM’s nomination and remuneration committee on May 20, 2003. The committee was tasked with formulating: (a) selection criteria and nomination procedures for Commissioners and Directors; and (b) a compensation system for Commissioners and Directors for the 2003 fiscal year. In accordance with its mandate from the BoC, the committee delivered its report regarding its activities during the 2004 Annual General Meeting of TELKOM’s stockholders.
      For more information on TELKOM’s BoC committees, see Item 6. “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — A. Directors and Senior Managers — Board of Commissioners’ Committees.”
     Disclosure regarding corporate governance
      The NYSE listing standards require U.S. companies to adopt, and post on their websites, a set of corporate governance guidelines. The guidelines must address, among other things: director qualification standards, director responsibilities, director access to management and independent advisers, director compensation, director orientation and continuing education, management succession, and an annual performance evaluation itself. In addition, the CEO of a U.S. company must certify to the NYSE annually that he or she is not aware of any violations by the company of the NYSE’s corporate governance listing standards. The certification must be disclosed in the company’s annual report to shareholders. There are no disclosure requirements in Indonesian law similar to the NYSE listing standards described above. However, the Capital Market Law generally requires Indonesian public companies to disclose certain types of information to shareholders and to BAPEPAM, particularly information relating to changes in the public company’s shareholdings and material facts that may affect the decision of shareholders to maintain their share ownership in such public company.
     Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
      The NYSE listing standards require each U.S. listed company to adopt, and post on its website, a code of business conduct and ethics for its directors, officers and employees. There is no similar requirement under Indonesian law. However, companies that are required to submit periodic reports to the SEC, including TELKOM, must disclose in their Annual Reports whether they have adopted a code of ethics for their senior financial officers. Although the requirements as to the contents of the code of ethics under SEC rules are not identical to those set forth in the NYSE listing standards, there are significant similarities. Under SEC rules, the code of ethics must be designed to promote: (a) honest and ethical conduct, including the handling of conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships; (b) full, fair, accurate and timely disclosure in reports and documents filed with or submitted to the SEC; (c) compliance with applicable laws and regulations; (d) prompt internal reporting of violations of the code; and (e) accountability for adherence to the code. Furthermore, shareholders must be given access to physical or electronic copies of the code. See Item 16B. “Code of Ethics.”
C.     Material contracts
Acquisition of Pramindo
      Pursuant to a Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement dated April 19, 2002, TELKOM agreed to acquire 100% of its KSO partner in Regional Division I, Pramindo and obtained management control over Pramindo. Upon the closing of the agreement on August 15, 2002, TELKOM acquired a 30% interest in Pramindo. In September 2003, TELKOM acquired a further 15% of the shares of Pramindo. The total purchase price for 100% of Pramindo was US$384.4 million. Of this amount, US$95.4 million was paid in August and September of 2002, with TELKOM acquiring full control over Pramindo. The balance of the purchase price was payable in ten unequal quarterly installments from September 2002 through December 2004. Under the agreement, TELKOM also agreed to repay loans to the International Finance Corporation amounting to US$86.2 million.
      On January 28, 2004, TELKOM signed a short-term loan agreement with ABN AMRO Bank N.V. Jakarta in the amount of approximately US$130 million and on March 15, 2004, TELKOM used the loan

168

Table of Contents

proceeds to repurchase the remaining outstanding promissory notes that TELKOM had issued as consideration for the purchase of Pramindo’s shares. This allowed TELKOM to accelerate the purchase of the remaining 55% of Pramindo that it did not yet own and, as of the date of this Annual Report, TELKOM owns 100% of Pramindo.
Acquisition of AriaWest
      On July 31, 2003, TELKOM acquired 100% of the shares of its KSO partner for Regional Division III, AriaWest, for an aggregate consideration of US$38.67 million in cash (US$20 million of which was paid when the purchase agreement was signed on May 8, 2002 and the remaining US$18.67 million was paid on July 31, 2003) and US$109.1 million in promissory notes. The promissory notes, which are interest-free, are payable in 10 semi-annual installments. At the same time, in consideration of the release of AriaWest’s outstanding obligations to its lenders, TELKOM also repaid approximately US$99 million of AriaWest’s debt (on behalf of AriaWest) and entered into a new loan agreement for approximately US$197 million with AriaWest’s lenders, which was fully prepaid in December 2004. TELKOM and AriaWest also entered into a settlement agreement pursuant to which TELKOM and AriaWest irrevocably settled, discharged and released claims and counterclaims in their ICC arbitration proceeding and TELKOM agreed to pay a settlement amount of US$20 million.
Interconnection Agreement with Indosat
      On September 23, 2005, TELKOM signed an Interconnection Agreement with PT Indosat, Tbk. This agreement provides for the interconnection (i) of TELKOM’s local fixed line network with Indosat’s long-distance fixed line network; (ii) of Indosat’s local fixed line network with TELKOM’s long-distance fixed line network; (iii) between TELKOM’s and Indosat’s long-distance fixed line networks; (iv) of TELKOM’s domestic fixed line network with Indosat’s international fixed line network; and (v) Indosat’s local fixed line network with TELKOM’s international fixed line network, with the interconnection tariff being calculated on a call-by-call basis. This agreement replaces previous interconnection agreements with Indosat, namely (i) Interconnection Agreement and the Settlement of Interconnection Financial Rights and Obligations No. PKS 162/HK81OPSAR-00/2002 — 26/DNI/HK720/02 dated September 3, 2002 as has been amended with Addendum No. PKS 56/HK.810/JAR-30/2005 — 065/100-ICO/REL/2005 dated March 31, 2005, to the limit of the provisions regulating on interlocal interconnection; (ii) Agreement on the Performance of Telecommunications Services No. 63/HK.800/UTA-00/97 — 092/DRU.HK.720/97 dated August 21, 1997; and (iii) Interconnection Agreement No. 64/HK.81OPSAR-00/97 — 1000/NDN/HK.720/97 dated August 21, 1997.
      On December 1, 2005, TELKOM and Indosat entered into another interconnection agreement enabling each party’s customers to make domestic calls between Indosat’s mobile network and TELKOM’s fixed line network and allowing Indosat’s mobile customers to access TELKOM’s IDD service by dialing “007”. This agreement overrides those existing interconnection agreements relating to TELKOM’s fixed line network and Indosat’s mobile network. This agreement is valid for three years from its execution date, and thereafter, may be amended upon agreement by both parties.
Contract with Orbital Sciences Corporation
      On October 24, 2002, TELKOM signed a contract with Orbital Sciences Corporation, a U.S. company which develops and manufactures affordable space systems for commercial, civil government and military customers, to develop the TELKOM-2 satellite, a geosynchronous communication satellite based on Orbital’s STAR-2 platform. The contract has been amended on several occasions. Under the First Amendment dated December 15, 2003, the total fixed cost payable by TELKOM was US$73 million, which was fully paid by TELKOM in July 2005. Pursuant to the Fifth Amendment dated August 30, 2005, TELKOM agreed to pay US$148,215 to Orbital Sciences Corporation to extend the service years of the satellite. The Fifth Amendment also amended the scheduled payment of “Milestone 15” from US$2,000,000 to US$1,851,785. TELKOM replaced its Palapa B-4

169

Table of Contents

satellite with the TELKOM-2 satellite in November 2005. The TELKOM-2 satellite has a capacity of 24 standard C-band transponders with transponder specifications similar to those of the TELKOM-1 satellite. The TELKOM-2 satellite has been designed for 15 years of in-orbit life. TELKOM expects that the satellite will support its national as well as regional communications network for voice, video and data communications. The satellite was launched into geo-synchronous orbit 22,300 miles above the earth and operates in geostationary orbit position located at 118 degrees east longitude.
Contract with Arianespace
      On November 8, 2002, TELKOM signed a US$62.9 million fixed price contract with Arianespace S.A. for the launch of the TELKOM-2 satellite using an Ariane-5 launch vehicle with double launch. Payment was made in 4 installments between January 2004 until September 2004. On October 15, 2004, the parties amended the contract to allow TELKOM to exercise a reflight option, which allows TELKOM a reflight in the event of a launch failure or a certain amount of compensation in the event of a partial launch failure.
Master of Procurement Partnership Agreement (MPPA) with Samsung Consortium
      On October 9, 2002, TELKOM signed an Initial Purchase Order Contract for CDMA 2000 IX with a consortium lead by Samsung Corporation (“Samsung Consortium”) for BSS procurement in Regional Divisions V, VI and VII and on December 23, 2002, TELKOM signed a Master Procurement Partnership Agreement (“MPPA”) for the construction of Network and Switching Subsystem (“NSS”) nationwide and BSS for Regional Divisions IV, V, VI and VII. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM’s remaining purchase commitment in connection with this MPPA amounted to US$5.6 million and Rp.1,826 million.
      Samsung Consortium shall service and maintain the CDMA 2000 IX system that it constructs pursuant to a Service Level Agreement dated the same date as the MPPA in return for annual consideration of US$11.6 million.
Master of Procurement Partnership Agreement (MPPA) with Ericsson CDMA Consortium
      TELKOM and a consortium led by Ericsson (“Ericsson CDMA Consortium”) have entered into a Master of Procurement Partnership Agreement (“MPPA”) on December 23, 2002 for the construction of BSS for Regional Division II. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM’s remaining purchase commitment in connection with this MPPA amounted to US$6.8 million and Rp.12,753 million.
      Ericsson CDMA Consortium shall service and maintain the CDMA 2000 IX system that it constructs pursuant to a Service Level Agreement dated the same date as the MPPA in return for the annual consideration of US$5.3 million.
Master of Procurement Partnership Agreement (MPPA) with PT INTI
      TELKOM and PT INTI signed a Master of Procurement Partnership Agreement on August 26, 2003, whereby PT INTI is appointed to construct a CDMA fixed wireless access network and integrate such network with TELKOM’s existing network and all ancillary services relating thereto in West Java and Banten. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM’s remaining purchase commitment in connection with this MPPA amounted to US$355,275 and Rp.233 million.
      PT INTI will service and maintain the CDMA 2000 IX system that it constructs pursuant to a Service Level Agreement dated the same date as the MPPA in return for the annual consideration of US$2.3 million.
Partnership Agreement with Siemens Consortium
      TELKOM entered into a Partnership Agreement with a consortium led by Siemens AG on September 24, 2003, for the development, procurement and construction of a backbone transmission network in Kalimantan and Sulawesi, a related network management system and the provision of

170

Table of Contents

maintenance services in connection with this network. Other members of the consortium include PT Siemens Indonesia, PT LEN Industri and Corning Cable System Gmbh & Co. K.G. The consideration payable by TELKOM for the fiber optic networks was US$3.8 million plus Rp.74.0 billion (for the network located within Kalimantan) and US$3.8 million plus Rp.70.7 billion (for the network located within Sulawesi). On March 14, 2005, the parties amended the Partnership Agreement with respect to the scope of agreement, work schedule and location, and agreed to increase the contract price to Rp.157.4 billion plus US$7.7 million. The development project was completed in May 2005.
PSTN Regional Junction in Jakarta Area
      On February 8, 2002, TELKOM signed an agreement with Olex-Lucent-Brimbun for the award of the PSTN Regional Junction Regional Division II Work, which encompasses SDH Transmission System, Optical Fibre, NMS and other services. The agreement has been amended several times, the latest being on December 4, 2003. As of the latest amendment to the agreement, the total cost of services and equipment is set at US$28.8 million and Rp.123.2 billion, respectively. The contract expired in 2004.
Master of Procurement Partnership Agreement (MPPA) with Motorola
      On March 24, 2003, TELKOM signed a Master of Procurement Partnership Agreement (“MPPA”) with Motorola, Inc. Under the MPPA, Motorola is obliged to construct a CDMA fixed wireless access network and integrate such network with TELKOM’s existing network and all ancillary services relating thereto in Regional Division I. As of December 31, 2005, TELKOM’s remaining purchase commitment in connection with this MPPA amounted to US$422,424 and Rp1,307 million.
      Motorola, Inc. will service and maintain the CDMA 2000 IX system that it constructs, pursuant to a Service Level Agreement dated the same date as the MPPA in return for an annual consideration of US$3 million.
Metro Junction and Optical Network Access Agreement for Regional Division III with PT INTI
      On November 12, 2003, TELKOM entered into an agreement with PT INTI for the construction and procurement of an optical network, as well as a network management system and other related services and equipment, with respect to Regional Division III (West Java). Under this agreement, TELKOM is obligated to pay PT INTI a total consideration of US$6.6 million and Rp.111.7 billion.
Agreement for the Procurement of Softswitch System Class 4 with a consortium led by Santera-Olex
      On December 18, 2003, TELKOM entered into an agreement with a consortium led by Santera-Olex for the construction and procurement of a softswitch system (class 4) and the improvement of switching capacity in the existing switching system in Jakarta, Bandung and Surabaya. Pursuant to the terms of this agreement, TELKOM was to pay US$4.0 million and Rp.2.5 billion. On March 4, 2004, the parties amended the agreement with respect to the scope of work and work schedule, and agreed to reduce the Rupiah portion of the consideration to Rp.2.2 billion. The work was completed in December 2004.
Co-Operation Agreement on Fixed Wireless CDMA Facilities Construction in KSO Divre VII Area
      On January 14, 2003, TELKOM and Bukaka SingTel entered into a Co-Operation Agreement on Fixed Wireless CDMA Facilities Construction in KSO Divre VII Area (the “Co-Operation Agreement”) that implemented the terms of the June 11, 2002 Memorandum of Understanding between TELKOM and Bukaka SingTel. Under the terms of the Co-Operation Agreement, TELKOM, through its Fixed Wireless Division, will invest US$30.8 million for the construction of fixed wireless CDMA facilities for 146,700 line units in Denpasar, Makasar, Manado, Kupang and Mataram, which facilities will be

171

Table of Contents

managed, operated and maintained by Bukaka SingTel. The new facilities are expected to be completed by 2006, with TELKOM and its Fixed Wireless Division receiving 95% of net revenues generated by the new facilities until such time as an internal rate of return of 28% is achieved, after which TELKOM and Bukaka SingTel will each receive 50% of net revenues. The Co-Operation Agreement will expire on December 31, 2010, at which time ownership of the new facilities will vest in TELKOM.
Partnership Agreement for the Construction and Provision of High Performance Backbone in Sumatera
      On November 30, 2001, TELKOM signed a partnership agreement with a consortium consisting of PT Pirelli Cables Indonesia and PT Siemens Indonesia for the construction and provision of a high performance backbone network in Sumatera. The agreement became effective as of June 10, 2002. The scope of work includes the provision of an optical fiber cable, together with transmission equipment and network management systems. TELKOM is obligated to pay US$49.2 million and Rp.174.4 billion (together with value-added tax thereon) as consideration. The amount due under the agreement was fully paid in April 2004.
Partnership Agreement for the Development of a PSTN Regional Junction for Regional Division V (East Java)
      On December 5, 2001, TELKOM entered into a partnership agreement with a consortium consisting of Sumitomo Corporation, NEC Corporation and PT Nasio Karya Pratama for the development of a high quality PSTN Regional Junction for Regional Division V (East Java). The scope of work includes the development of a SDH transmission system, as well as the provision of ancillary fiber optic and other related equipment. TELKOM was initially obligated to pay Japanese Yen 3.7 billion and Rp.125.5 billion (which is inclusive of value-added tax). The parties agreed to add another partner, PT Communication Cable System Indonesia, to the consortium on September 27, 2002. In accordance with an amendment agreement dated December 11, 2003, the parties agreed to amend the contract price payable by TELKOM to Japanese Yen 1,258.8 million and Rp.188.8 billion (which is exclusive of value-added tax). In June 2004, the parties agreed to amend this agreement for the volume and scope of work and the project implementation period. The total contract price after this amendment is Rp.187.4 billion, or Japanese Yen 1.3 billion. The development project was completed in October 2004.
Agreement for Dumai-Melaka Cable System
      On May 14, 2004, TELKOM entered into a Cooperation Agreement with Telekom Malaysia Berhad (“Telekom Malaysia”) pursuant to which TELKOM and Telekom Malaysia formed a consortium for the deployment and maintenance of the Dumai-Melaka Cable System. On the same date, the consortium entered into a Supply Contract with NEC Corporation for the deployment of the 150 km optical submarine cable between Indonesia and Malaysia, which was scheduled to be completed by the end of 2004 and was completed in January 2005. TELKOM and Telekom Malaysia were to contribute equally to a payment to NEC Corporation of US$8.7 million.
Acquisition of Dayamitra
      On May 17, 2001, TELKOM acquired 90.32% of the issued and fully paid shares of Dayamitra, the KSO VI Investor, for US$134.2 million (including consultant’s fee of US$3.3 million) and also purchased a call option and granted a put option with respect to the remaining 9.68% partner shares of Dayamitra for the amount of US$6.3 million which was fully paid in 2003. An initial payment of US$18.3 million was paid on the closing date of the transaction on May 17, 2001, US$8.9 million was paid on August 10, 2001 as an adjustment to the purchase price based on Dayamitra’s adjusted working capital and the balance of US$103.6 million was to be paid through an escrow account in eight quarterly installments of US$12.9 million each beginning on August 17, 2001 and TELKOM paid the last quarterly installment on May 17, 2003. On December 14, 2004, TELKOM exercised its call option to purchase, and acquired, the remaining 9.68% of the shares of Dayamitra, for an aggregate consideration

172

Table of Contents

of approximately US$22.1 million which represents the present value of the option strike price of US$16.2 million plus the option purchase price of US$6.3 million and payment for Dayamitra’s adjusted working capital of US$1.0 million. TELKOM is required to pay the option strike price less funds available in the escrow account on November 30, 2004 in 16 equal installments, the last of which is required to be made on March 26, 2006.
PT Mitra Global Telekomunikasi Indonesia
      On January 20, 2004, TELKOM and MGTI entered into an agreement to amend and restate the KSO Agreement with respect to Regional Division IV. Under the amended and restated KSO agreement, the rights to operate fixed-line telecommunication services in KSO IV region are transferred to TELKOM and KSO IV is operated under the management, supervision, control and responsibility of TELKOM. In addition, for the remaining KSO period, TELKOM is entitled at its sole discretion and expense to construct new telecommunication facilities in Regional Division IV. MGTI receives fixed monthly payments, while TELKOM is entitled to the balance of the KSO revenues after the monthly amounts due to MGTI and operating expenses. If the KSO IV unit is unable to or does not for any reason pay MGTI the fixed monthly payments due to it, TELKOM is obligated to make up any deficiency. At the end of the KSO period (December 31, 2010), all rights, title and interest of MGTI in existing property, plant and equipment (including new additional installations) and inventories shall be transferred to TELKOM at no cost. As a result of the amended and restated KSO agreement, TELKOM obtained the legal right to control financial and operating decisions of Regional Division IV for a purchase price of US$390.7 million, or Rp.3,285 billion, which represents the present value of the fixed monthly payments (totaling US$517 million) to be paid by TELKOM to MGTI from 2004 through 2010 plus direct cost of the business combination.
Indemnity given to KAP Hans Tuanakotta Mustofa & Halim (formerly KAP Hans Tuanakotta & Mustofa)
      TELKOM has entered into three indemnity agreements with Deloitte. Under the first agreement, dated February 9, 2004, TELKOM agreed to indemnify Deloitte against reasonable legal costs incurred in successfully defending any legal proceedings brought against Deloitte on the basis of the inclusion of the audited 2000 and 2001 financial statements in Amendment No. 2 to 2002 Annual Report on Form 20-F/A that was filed on February 9, 2004, provided however that the indemnity will be void and inoperative if a court, after adjudication, determines that Deloitte is liable for professional malpractice. If this situation were to arise, Deloitte has agreed to immediately reimburse TELKOM for all amounts paid by TELKOM under this indemnity.
      Under the second agreement, dated June 29, 2004, TELKOM has agreed to indemnify Deloitte against reasonable legal costs incurred in successfully defending any legal proceedings brought against Deloitte on the basis of the inclusion of the audited 2001 financial statements in its 2003 Annual Report on Form 20-F, provided however that the indemnity will be void and inoperative if a court, after adjudication, determines that Deloitte is liable for professional malpractice. If this situation were to arise, Deloitte has agreed to immediately reimburse TELKOM for all amounts paid by TELKOM under this indemnity.
      Under the third agreement, dated April 25, 2005, TELKOM provided a similar indemnity to the second agreement, but with respect to inclusion of the audited 2001 financial statements in its Amendment No. 1 to 2003 Annual Report on Form 20-F/A.
Medium-Term Notes Issuance Agreement
      See Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — B. Liquidity and Capital Resources — Medium-Term Notes”.
      See Exhibit 4.45 for an English summary of the terms and conditions of the MTN.

173

Table of Contents

     NEC-Siemens Consortium
      On June 10, 2005, TELKOM entered into a partnership agreement with NEC-Siemens Consortium, a consortium consisting of NEC Corporation and PT Siemens Indonesia for the procurement and installation of Ring JASUKA Backbone amounting to US$46.9 million and Rp.169.6 billion. The scope of work under this agreement covers the procurement and installation of Ring JASUKA Backbone, which is the optical cable transmission system consisting of (i) Ring-I (Link Jakarta-Tanjung Pandan-Pontianak-Batam-Dumai-Pekanbaru-Palembang-Jakarta); and (ii) Ring-II (Link Medan-Padang-Pekanbaru-Medan).
      In July 2005, TELKOM entered into a supply contract with NEC Corporation for the Tanjung Pandan-Pontianak capacity expansion amounting to US$4,636,493.96, excluding 10% VAT. The scope of work under this agreement includes the procurement and installation of Ring JASUKA Backbone, which expands the capacity of the existing undersea optical cable transmission system.
D.     Exchange controls
Foreign Equity Ownership Restrictions
      Prior to September 1997, foreign investors were only permitted to purchase up to 49% of shares offered in a public offering and up to 49% of the publicly listed shares of any Indonesian listed company regardless of the nature of their activities. On September 4, 1997, such restrictions were removed for most Indonesian companies, including TELKOM.
Foreign Exchange
      Foreign exchange controls were abolished in 1971 and Indonesia now maintains a liberal foreign exchange system that permits the free flow of foreign exchange. Capital transactions, including remittances of capital, profits, dividends and interest, are free of exchange controls. A number of regulations, however, have an impact on the exchange system. For example, only banks are authorized to deal in foreign exchange and execute exchange transactions related to the import and export of goods. In addition, Indonesian banks (including branches of foreign banks in Indonesia) are required to report to Bank Indonesia (the Indonesian Central Bank) any fund transfers exceeding US$10,000. As a state-owned company, TELKOM, based on the decree of the Head of Foreign Commercial Loan Coordinating Team (“PKLN”), is required to obtain an approval from PKLN prior to acquiring foreign commercial loans and must submit periodical reports to PKLN during the term of the loans.
      Bank Indonesia holds the authority to issue Rupiah currency and has responsibility for maintaining the stability of the Rupiah. Prior to August 14, 1997, Bank Indonesia maintained stability of the Rupiah through a trading band policy, pursuant to which Bank Indonesia would enter the foreign currency market and buy or sell Rupiah, as required, when trading in the Rupiah exceeded bid and offer prices announced by Bank Indonesia on a daily basis. On August 14, 1997, Bank Indonesia terminated the trading band policy, effectively free floating the Rupiah against other currencies. Since that date, the Rupiah has depreciated significantly against world currencies.
      During the past 25 years, the Rupiah has been devalued three times against the U.S. Dollar. These downward adjustments occurred in November 1978, when the exchange rate was realigned from Rp.415 to Rp.623 to the U.S. Dollar; in March 1983, when the rate went from Rp.703 to Rp.970 to the U.S. Dollar; and in September 1986, when the rate fell from Rp.1,134 to Rp.1,644 to the U.S. Dollar. Between the time of the 1986 devaluation and August 14, 1997 the value of the Rupiah has gradually adjusted downward against the U.S. Dollar by about 4% annually. Since the free-floating regime was implemented in August 1997, the Rupiah fluctuation has been significant. During 2005, the average rate of Rupiah to the U.S. Dollar was Rp.9,710, with the highest and lowest rates being Rp.10,800 and Rp.9,133 respectively.

174

Table of Contents

E.     Taxation
      THE FOLLOWING SUMMARY OF INDONESIAN AND UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX MATTERS CONTAINS A DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL INDONESIAN AND U.S. FEDERAL TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF ADSs OR SHARES OF COMMON STOCK. INVESTORS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS ABOUT THE INDONESIAN AND UNITED STATES FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF ADSs OR SHARES OF COMMON STOCK.
Indonesian Taxation
      The following is a summary of the principal Indonesian tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of Common Stock or ADSs to a non-resident individual or non-resident entity that holds Common Stock or ADSs (a “Non-Indonesian Holder”). As used in the preceding sentence, a “non-resident individual” is a foreign national individual who is not physically present in Indonesia for 183 days or more during any twelve month period or present for any period with the intent to reside in Indonesia, during which period such non-resident individual receives income in respect of the ownership or disposition of Common Stock or ADSs and a “non-resident entity” is a corporation or a non-corporate body that is established, domiciled or organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than Indonesia and does not have a fixed place of business or otherwise conducts business or carries out activities through a permanent establishment in Indonesia during an Indonesian tax year in which such non-Indonesian entity receives income in respect of the ownership or disposition of Common Stock or ADSs. In determining the residency of an individual or entity, consideration will be given to the provisions of any applicable double taxation treaty to which Indonesia is a party.
     Dividends
      Dividends declared by the Company out of retained earnings and distributed to a Non-Indonesian Holder in respect of Common Stock or ADSs are subject to Indonesian withholding tax, which, as of the date of this Annual Report is at the rate of 20%, on the amount of the distribution (in the case of cash dividends) or on the stockholders’ proportional share of the value of the distribution. A lower rate provided under double taxation treaties may be applicable provided the recipient is the beneficial owner of the dividend and has provided to the Company (with a copy to the Indonesian Office of Tax Services where the Company is registered) a Certificate of Tax Residence issued by the competent authority, or its designee, of the jurisdiction where the Non-Indonesian Holder is domiciled (the “Certificate of Residence”). Indonesia has concluded double taxation treaties with a number of countries, including Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Malaysia, Mauritius, The Netherlands, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Under the U.S.-Indonesia double taxation treaty, the withholding tax on dividends is generally, in the absence of a 25% voting interest, reduced to 15%.
     Capital Gains
      The sale or transfer of Common Stock through an Indonesian stock exchange is subject to a final withholding tax at the rate of 0.1% of the value of the transaction. The broker executing the transaction is obligated to withhold such tax. The holding of founder shares or the sale or transfer of founder shares through an Indonesian stock exchange may, under current Indonesian tax regulations, be subject to additional 0.5% final income tax.
      Subject to the promulgation of implementing regulations (which have not yet been issued to date), the estimated net income received or accrued from the sale of movable assets in Indonesia, which may include Common Stock not listed on an Indonesian stock exchange or ADSs, by a Non-Indonesian holder (with the exception of the sale of assets under Article 4 paragraph (2) of the Indonesian income tax law) may be subject to Indonesian withholding tax at the rate of 20%. In 1999,

175

Table of Contents

the Ministry of Finance issued a Decision that stipulates the estimated net income for the sale of shares in a non-public company to be 25% of the sale price, resulting in an effective withholding tax rate of 5% of the sales price. This is a final withholding tax and the obligation to pay lies with the buyer (if it is an Indonesian taxpayer) or the Company (if the buyer is a non-resident taxpayer). Exemption from withholding tax on income from the sale of shares in a non-public company may be available to non-resident sellers of shares depending on the provisions of the relevant double taxation treaties. In order to benefit from the exemption under the relevant double taxation treaty, the non-resident seller must provide the Certificate of Tax Residence to the buyer or the Company and to the Indonesian Tax Office that has jurisdiction over the buyer or the Company (if the buyer is a non-resident taxpayer).
      In cases where a purchaser or Indonesian broker will be required under Indonesian tax laws to withhold tax on payment of the purchase price for Common Stock or ADSs, that payment may be exempt from Indonesian withholding or other Indonesian income tax under applicable double taxation treaties to which Indonesia is a party (including the U.S.-Indonesia double taxation treaty). However, except for the sale or transfer of shares in a non-public company, the current Indonesian tax regulations do not provide specific procedures for removing the purchaser’s or Indonesian broker’s obligation to withhold tax from the proceeds of such sale. To take advantage of the double taxation treaty relief, Non-Indonesian Holders may have to seek a refund from the Indonesian Tax Office by making a specific application accompanied by a Certificate of Residence issued by the competent tax authority, or its designee; of the jurisdiction in which the Non-Indonesian Holder is domiciled.
     Stamp Duty
      Any documents that are prepared in the transactions in common stock in Indonesia, which documents will be used as evidence in Indonesia, are subject to stamp duty of Rp.6,000. Generally, the stamp duty is due at the time the document is executed.
United States Federal Income Taxation
      The following is a general description of the principal United States federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder, as defined below, of the purchase, ownership and disposition of the ADSs or shares of Common Stock. This description is for general information purposes only and is based on the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, and judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all as in effect on the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly retroactively. The tax treatment of a holder of ADSs or shares of Common Stock may vary depending upon his particular situation. Certain holders (including, but not limited to, insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, financial institutions, persons subject to the alternative minimum tax, broker-dealers, persons that have a “functional currency” other than the U.S. Dollar and persons owning, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting shares of the Company) may be subject to special rules not discussed below. The following summary is limited to U.S. Holders, as defined below, who will hold the ADSs or shares of Common Stock as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code and not as part of a “hedge,” “straddle” or “conversion transaction” within the meaning of Sections 1221, 1092 and 1258 of the Code and the regulations thereunder. The discussion below also does not address the effect of any United States state, local or foreign tax law or any United States federal estate, gift or alternative minimum tax law on a holder of the ADSs or shares of Common Stock.
      As used herein, the term “U.S. Holder” means a holder of ADSs or shares of Common Stock who is (i) a citizen or resident of the United States for United States federal income tax purposes; (ii) a corporation, or other entity treated as a corporation, created or organized under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income tax without regard to its source; or (iv) a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.

176

Table of Contents

      If a partnership (including any entity treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes) holds ADSs or shares of Common Stock, the tax treatment of a partner in such partnership will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners in such a partnership should consult their tax advisors as to the particular United States federal income tax consequences applicable to them.
      Holders of ADSs evidencing Common Stock will be treated as the owners of the Common Stock represented by those ADSs. Accordingly, no gain or loss will be recognized upon the exchange of ADSs for the holder’s proportionate interest in the shares of Common Stock, a holder’s tax basis in the withdrawn shares of Common Stock will be the same as his tax basis in the ADSs surrendered therefore, and the holding period in the withdrawn shares of Common Stock will include the period during which the holder held the surrendered ADSs.
      You are urged to consult your tax advisor concerning the particular United States federal, state, local and foreign income and other tax considerations regarding the ownership and disposition of the ADSs or shares of Common Stock.
Taxation of Distributions
      Subject to the passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) rules discussed below, the gross amount of a distribution with respect to ADSs or shares of Common Stock (other than certain pro rata distributions of ADSs or shares of Common Stock or rights to subscribe for ADSs or shares of Common Stock), without reduction for Indonesian taxes withheld, will be treated as a dividend subject to tax as ordinary income on the date of receipt by the Depositary or the holder of such ADSs or shares of Common Stock, respectively, to the extent of the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A non-corporate recipient of dividend income will generally be subject to tax on such dividend income at a maximum U.S. federal rate of 15% rather than the marginal tax rates generally applicable to ordinary income provided certain requirements are met. Dividends received from “qualified foreign corporations” generally qualify for the reduced rate. A non-U.S. corporation (other than a PFIC) will generally be considered to be a qualified foreign corporation (i) if it is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States which the Secretary of Treasury determines is satisfactory for purposes of this provision and which includes an exchange of information program; or (ii) with respect to any dividend it pays on stock which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. The Treasury Department has determined that the income tax treaty between Indonesia and the United States as in effect as of the date of this Annual Report meets the requirements described in clause (i) above and the Company believes that it would be eligible for the benefits of such treaty. In addition, because the ADSs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, an established securities market in the United States, they would under Treasury Department guidelines be considered to be readily tradeable on that exchange. Distributions, if any, in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will constitute a return of capital and will be applied against and reduce such holder’s tax basis in such ADSs or shares of Common Stock. To the extent that the remaining portion of the distribution is in excess of such basis, that amount will constitute capital gain as discussed below. U.S. corporate holders will generally not be eligible for the dividends received deduction otherwise allowed under Section 243 of the Code for distributions to domestic corporations in respect of distributions on ADSs or shares of Common Stock.
      If a distribution is paid with respect to ADSs or shares of Common Stock in Rupiah, the amount of the distribution will generally equal the U.S. Dollar value of the Rupiah distribution, including the amount of any Indonesian tax withheld, calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date the distribution is actually or constructively received by the Depositary or the holder of such shares of Common Stock, respectively, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. Dollars on that date. Any subsequent gain or loss in respect of such Rupiah arising from exchange rate fluctuations will be ordinary income or loss. This exchange gain or loss will generally be treated as United States source income for United States foreign tax credit limitation purposes. If the Depositary

177

Table of Contents

converts the Rupiah to U.S. Dollars on the date it receives such Rupiah, U.S. Holders will not recognize any such gain or loss.
      Subject to the limitations and conditions set forth in the Code, U.S. Holders may elect to claim a credit against their United States federal income tax liability for Indonesian tax withheld from dividends received in respect of the ADSs or shares of Common Stock. The rules relating to the determination of the foreign tax credit are complex and prospective purchasers should consult their personal tax advisors to determine whether and to what extent they would be entitled to such credit. U.S. Holders that do not elect or are not permitted to claim foreign tax credits may instead claim a deduction for Indonesian tax withheld.
     Taxation of Capital Gains
      Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, the sale or other disposition of ADSs or shares of Common Stock by a U.S. Holder will generally result in the recognition of U.S. source gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale or other disposition and the holder’s adjusted basis in such ADSs or shares of Common Stock. This will result in a long-term or short-term capital gain or loss, depending on whether the ADSs or shares of Common Stock have been held for more than one year. As of the date of this Annual Report, long-term capital gain of a non-corporate holder is subject to a maximum tax rate of 15% in respect of property with a holding period of more than one year. The deductibility of a capital loss is subject to limitations.
     Passive Foreign Investment Company Status
      Adverse United States federal income tax rules apply to holders of equity interests in a corporation classified as a PFIC under the Code. A foreign corporation will constitute a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes if 75% or more of its gross income for a taxable year consists of passive income (generally, interest, dividends, rents, royalties and net gain from the disposition of assets that give rise to such income) or 50% or more of the average value of its assets determined quarterly for the taxable year consists of passive assets. Passive assets are defined as assets that give rise, or that reasonably could give rise during the reasonably foreseeable future, to passive income.
      Based on the Company’s existing and anticipated future operations, the Company believes that it is not a PFIC. If the Company is not operated in the manner anticipated as of the date of this Annual Report, however, the Company may be considered a PFIC for the current or for a subsequent year depending upon the composition of the Company’s income or assets.
      If the Company is or becomes a PFIC, any gain upon sale or other disposition or certain distributions realized by a U.S. Holder with respect to its ADSs or shares of Common Stock would be allocated ratably over the entire period during which the U.S. Holder held such ADSs or shares of Common Stock and would be subject to the highest ordinary income tax rate for each taxable year (other than the amounts allocable to the current year of the U.S. Holder) in which the items were treated as having been earned, regardless of the rate otherwise applicable to the U.S. Holder. Such U.S. Holder would also be liable for an additional tax equal to an interest charge on the tax liability attributable to income that is treated as allocated to prior years as if such liability had actually been due in each such prior year.
      If the Company is classified as a PFIC, a U.S. Holder would not be eligible for a reduced tax rate on dividends paid on, and on gain realized with respect to dispositions of, ADSs or shares of Common Stock. See “Taxation of Distributions” above.

178

Table of Contents

F.     Dividends and paying agents
      Not applicable.
G.     Statement by experts
      Not applicable.
H.     Documents on display
      TELKOM files reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F and other information with the SEC pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC that apply to foreign private issuers. You may read and copy any materials filed with the SEC at the Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20459. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Subject to some exceptions, TELKOM is required to file its periodic reports electronically through the SEC’s EDGAR system. Any filings TELKOM makes electronically will be available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s Website at http://www.sec.gov.
I.     Subsidiary Information
      Not applicable.
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
A.     Disclosure About Market Risk
General
      The Company is exposed to market risks primarily from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, changes in interest rates and equity price risk on the value of its long-term investments. The Company does not generally hedge its long-term foreign currency liabilities as it believes that the expenses associated with fully hedging such liabilities are not justified. Instead the Company hedges its obligations for the current year. As of December 31, 2005, foreign currency time deposits provided approximately 32.25% coverage against foreign currency denominated current liabilities. The Company’s exposure to interest rate risk is managed through maintaining a mix of fixed and variable rate liabilities and assets, including short-term fixed rate assets, the rates for which are reset periodically. The Company’s exposure to such market risks fluctuated significantly during 2003, 2004 and 2005 as the Indonesian economy has been affected by a significant fluctuation of the Rupiah and interest rates. The Company is not able to predict whether such conditions will continue during the remainder of 2006 or thereafter.
     Interest Rate Risk
      The Company’s exposure to interest rate fluctuations results primarily from floating rate long-term debt pursuant to loans under the Government on-lending program which have been used to finance the Company’s capital expenditures which bear interest at rates for the Rupiah portion based on the average for the preceding six months for three month certificates issued by Bank Indonesia plus 1% or based on floating interest rates offered by the lenders plus 5.25% and for the non-Rupiah portion based on floating interest rate offered by the lenders plus 0.5%. See Note 22 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. To the extent interest rates in Indonesia fluctuate significantly, the Company’s interest obligations under its long-term debt could increase.
      The table below provides information about the Company’s material financial instruments, some of which are sensitive to changes in interest rates. For debt obligations and time deposits, the table presents principal cash flows and related weighted average interest rates by expected maturity dates. The information is presented in Rupiah equivalents, which is the Company’s reporting currency. The

179

Table of Contents

instrument’s actual cash flows are denominated in Rupiah, U.S. Dollar, Euro and Japanese Yen, as appropriate and as indicated in the table. The information presented in the table has been determined based on the following assumptions: (i) fixed interest rates on Rupiah time deposits are based on average interest rates offered in effect as of December 31, 2005 by the banks where such deposits were located; (ii) variable interest rates on Rupiah denominated long-term liabilities are calculated as of December 31, 2005 and are based on contractual terms setting interest rates based on average rates for the preceding six months on three month certificates issued by Bank Indonesia or based on the average 3-month deposit rate offered by the lenders; (iii) variable interest rates on U.S. Dollar deposits are based on interest rates offered by the various lending institutions to the Republic of Indonesia as of December 31, 2005; and (iv) the value of marketable securities is based on the value of such securities at December 31, 2005. However, no assurance can be given that such assumptions will be correct for future periods. Such assumptions and the information described in the table may be influenced by a number of factors, including changes in interest rates in Indonesia and other monetary and macro economic factors affecting Indonesia. Such assumptions are different from the rates used in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accordingly amounts shown in the table may vary from amounts shown in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
                                                                                   
    Outstanding Balance as at    
    December 31, 2005   Expected Maturity Date
         
    Foreign   Rp.           2011-   Fair
    Currency   Equivalent   Rate   2006   2007   2008   2009   2010   2025   Value
                                         
    (in   (Rp. in                               (Rp. in
    million)   million)   (%)               million)
                    (Rp. in million)        
ASSETS
                                                                                
Fixed Rate
                                                                                
Cash and cash equivalents
                                                                                
Time deposit
                                                                                
Rupiah
                                                                                
 
Principal
             3,642,172               3,642,172                                               3,642,172  
 
Interest
                     9.95                                                          
U.S. Dollar
                                                                                
 
Principal
     72.32       710,497               710,497                                               710,497  
 
Interest
                     3.46                                                          
Euro
                                                                                
 
Principal
     56.55       659,372               659,372                                               659,372  
 
Interest
                     1.65                                                          
Temporary Investments-Available-for- Sale Securities
                                                                                
Rupiah
             22,064               22,064                                               22,064  
LIABILITIES
                                                                                
Short-term bank loans
                                                                                
Variable Rate
                                                                                
Rupiah
                                                                                
 
Principal
     170,000.00       170,000               170,000                                               170,000  
 
Interest
                     13.1       1,951                                                  
Fixed Rate
                                                                                
Rupiah
                                                                                
 
Principal
     3,800.00       3,800               3,800                                               3,800  
 
Interest
                     14.1       225                                                  

180

Table of Contents

                                                                                   
    Outstanding Balance as at    
    December 31, 2005   Expected Maturity Date
         
    Foreign   Rp.           2011-   Fair
    Currency   Equivalent   Rate   2006   2007   2008   2009   2010   2025   Value
                                         
    (in   (Rp. in                               (Rp. in
    million)   million)   (%)               million)
                    (Rp. in million)        
Long-term debts(1)
                                                                                
Variable Rate
                                                                                
Rupiah
                                                                                
 
Principal
     1,955,132.87       1,955,133               301,631       249,265       189,326       190,831       167,431       856,649       1,619,930  
 
Interest
                     8.8       158,346       128,874       111,129       94,978       79,037       343,408          
U.S. Dollar
                                                                                
 
Principal
     198.21       1,949,211               336,020       336,020       278,994       142,597       142,597       712,983       1,894,189  
 
Interest
                     5.0       90,611       74,967       59,356       48,591       41,020       91,603          
Euro
                                                                                
 
Principal
     36.68       427,718               171,087       171,087       85,544       —       —       —       422,954  
 
Interest
                     3.3       12,226       6,640       1,184       —       —       —          
Fixed Rate
                                                                                
Rupiah
                                                                                
 
Principal
     1,880,065.08       1,880,065               178,921       1,480,643       28,301       35,090       43,060       114,083       1,948,814  
 
Interest
                     15.3       282,853       174,127       48,090       40,766       31,615       28,724          
U.S. Dollar
                                                                                
 
Principal
     614.61       6,044,691               1,143,380       1,074,262       1,111,291       1,072,564       1,050,847       592,347       6,034,323  
 
Interest
                     5.7       339,866       273,480       205,022       133,489       63,707       102,450          
Japanese Yen
                                                                                
 
Principal
     15,527.59       1,302,575               95,876       95,876       80,147       64,417       64,417       901,841       1,432,071  
 
Interest
                     3.1       38,364       36,508       33,588       31,282       29,285       200,474          
 
(1)  Long-term debts consist of loans which are subject to interest; namely two-step loans, notes and bonds, liabilities of business acquisitions and long-term bank loans, in each case including their current maturities.
     Exchange Rate Risk
      The Company’s exposure to exchange rate fluctuations results primarily from long-term debt obligations and accounts receivable and payable, which are primarily paid for through draw downs under the Government on-lending program and are expressed in U.S. Dollar, Japanese Yen, Euro, Singapore Dollar and Great Britain Pound Sterling. For a description of the Company’s foreign currency assets and liabilities, see Note 52 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Part of these obligations might be offset by increases in the value of foreign currency time deposits and by increases in the value of foreign currency accounts receivable, assuming that the counter-parties are able to meet their foreign currency obligations to TELKOM at market rates.
      The table below provides information about the Company’s financial instruments by functional currency and presents such information in Rupiah equivalents, which is the Company’s reporting currency. The information on instruments and transactions that are sensitive to foreign exchange rates, including U.S. Dollar, Euro, Singapore Dollar, Great Britain Pound Sterling and Japanese Yen debt obligations and term deposits and the Company’s accounts payable and receivable. The table presents principal cash flows by expected maturity dates. The information presented in the table has been determined based on assumptions for the exchange rates for U.S. Dollar as well as other currencies, which are based on the selling and buying rates quoted by Reuters on December 31, 2005, applied respectively to monetary assets and liabilities. The buying and selling rates as of December 31, 2005 were Rp.9,825 and Rp.9,835 to US$1.00, respectively. Telkomsel applied the Bank Indonesia middle buy and sell rate for its monetary asset and liabilities which was Rp.9,830 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2005. However, no assurance can be given that such assumptions will be correct for future periods.

181

Table of Contents

Such assumptions and the information described in the table may be influenced by a number of factors, including a fluctuation and/or depreciation of the Rupiah in future periods.
                                                                         
    Outstanding Balance                            
    as at    
    December 31, 2005   Expected Maturity Date
         
    Foreign   Rp.       2011-   Fair
    Currency   Equivalent   2006   2007   2008   2009   2010   2024   Value
                                     
    (in   (Rp. in    
    millions)   million)   (Rp. in million)
ASSETS
                                                                        
Cash and cash equivalents
                                                                        
U.S. Dollar
     81.96       805,489       805,489                                               805,489  
Japanese Yen
                                                                        
Euro
     59.14       689,472       689,472                                               689,472  
Trade accounts receivable
                                                                        
U.S. Dollar
     21.10       207,311       207,311                                               207,311  
Other accounts receivable
                                                                        
U.S. Dollar
     0.30       2,910       2,910                                               2,910  
Euro
     0.01       88       88                                               88  
Other current assets
                                                                        
U.S. Dollar
     13.63       133,926       133,926                                               133,926  
Advances and other non- current assets
                                                                        
U.S. Dollar
     2.25       22,162       22,162                                               22,162  
Escrow accounts
                                                                        
U.S. Dollar
     12.89       126,128       126,128                                               126,128  
LIABILITIES
                                                                        
Trade accounts payable
                                                                        
Related parties
                                                                        
U.S. Dollar
     15.09       148,423       148,423                                               148,423  
Third parties
                                                                        
U.S. Dollar
     125.40       1,223,050       1,223,050                                               1,233,050  
Euro
     68.30       796,343       796,343                                               796,343  
Great Britain Pound Sterling
     0.00       14       14                                               14  
Japanese Yen
     66.03       5,508       5,508                                               5,508  
Singapore Dollar
     0.01       33       33                                               33  
Accrued expenses
                                                                        
U.S. Dollar
     21.01       206,639       206,639                                               206,639  
Japanese Yen
     52.85       4,433       4,433                                               4,433  
Singapore Dollar
     0.42       2,497       2,497                                               2,497  
Euro
     8.79       102,509       102,509                                               102,509  
Advances from customers and suppliers
                                                                        
U.S. Dollar
     0.15       1,474       1,474                                               1,474  
Long-term debts(1)
                                                                        
U.S. Dollar
     812.82       7,993,902       1,479,401       1,410,282       1,390,285       1,215,160       1,193,444       1,305,330       7,928,512  
Japanese Yen
     15,527.59       1,302,575       95,876       95,876       80,147       64,417       64,417       901,841       1,432,071  
Euro
     36.68       427,718       171,087       171,087       85,544       —       —       —       422,954  
 
(1)  Long-term debts for the purpose of this table consist of loans denominated in foreign currencies namely, two-step loans, liabilities of business acquisitions, long-term bank loans, notes and bonds, in each case including their current maturities.

182

Table of Contents

     Equity Price Risk
      The Company’s long-term investments consist primarily of minority investments in the equity of private Indonesian companies. With respect to the Indonesian companies in which the Company has investments, the financial performance of such companies may be affected by the fluctuation of macro economic and social conditions such as the level of economic activity, Rupiah exchange rates against other currencies, inflation and interest rates.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
      Not applicable.
PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
      There are no defaults, dividend arrearages or delinquencies to which this Item applies. But see Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — B. Liquidity and Capital Resources — Indebtedness” for information on covenant defaults for which waivers have been obtained.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
      Not applicable.
ITEM 15. CONTROL AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
      TELKOM has a disclosure committee comprised of 14 senior members from various departments and chaired by the Director of Finance. The disclosure committee’s role is to support TELKOM’s management in designing and evaluating TELKOM’s disclosure controls and procedures and participating in the disclosure process. TELKOM formally established its disclosure committee on February 18, 2005. Since its formal establishment, the disclosure committee has established internal work procedures relating to the preparation of various disclosure materials for quarterly and annual reporting, including TELKOM’s annual report on Form 20-F. The establishment of the disclosure committee formalized the previous disclosure process where designated senior employees from various departments were responsible for assisting with the necessary disclosures, while the department heads were responsible for reviewing of such disclosure materials.
      TELKOM’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of TELKOM’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2005. TELKOM’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded, based on their evaluation, as of December 31, 2005, that the design and operation of TELKOM’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports TELKOM files and submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required, and is accumulated and communicated to TELKOM’s management, including TELKOM’s President Director and Director of Finance, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
      In connection with the audit of our financial statements, reportable conditions (as defined under standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants) relating to TELKOM’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) were identified and communicated by PwC in their report dated January 9, 2004 and delivered to

183

Table of Contents

TELKOM on January 12, 2004, and discussed by PwC with the Board of Directors on January 14, 2004 and with the Board of Commissioners and the Audit Committee on January 16, 2004, in connection with its audit of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2002. Reportable conditions were also identified and communicated by KPMG to TELKOM and its Audit Committee on June 29, 2004, July 2005 and May 2006 in connection with its audit of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Both PwC and KPMG identified the same material weaknesses based on their respective audits of TELKOM. Both PwC and KPMG informed TELKOM that they were unable to determine when such material weaknesses first arose, as such material weaknesses appeared to exist prior to the commencement of their respective audit periods. Both PwC and KPMG informed the Audit Committee that they had identified “reportable conditions” each of which constituted a “material weakness” (as each such term is defined under standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants) in TELKOM’s internal control over financial reporting with respect to: (1) inadequate personnel resources with sufficient knowledge and experience in the application of Indonesian GAAP and US GAAP accounting principles because TELKOM did not have sufficient personnel in its accounting department with expertise in applying Indonesian GAAP to complicated accounting issues or in identifying and applying differences in accounting treatments under Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP; (2) deficiencies in the organizational structure of the accounting department, including the oversight function for accounting and financial reporting because there was inadequate management, supervision and review for the accounting functions; (3) inadequate internal processes for the assessment of critical, significant and judgmental accounting areas; accordingly, when a set of facts gave rise to critical or significant accounting issues or raised significant issues of judgment, such issues were not always properly identified, or, even if properly identified, the appropriate experts were not always consulted and issues of judgment were not always elevated to the appropriate level of management or the Audit Committee; and (4) insufficient written policies and procedures for the accounting and financial reporting function, insufficient knowledge of and compliance with, existing policies and procedures among relevant personnel and insufficient emphasis by the internal audit function on the foregoing; in particular, accounting and financial reporting personnel did not have objective written policies and procedures to follow when addressing significant accounting and financial reporting issues and so such issues were not always dealt with in a consistent manner, and the internal audit function did not focus on identifying or identify this issue as well as the other reportable conditions identified herein.
      In response to the matters identified by TELKOM’s external auditors, under the supervision of the Audit Committee, in January 2004 TELKOM’s senior management directed that TELKOM dedicate resources and take steps to strengthen control processes and procedures in order to prevent a recurrence of the circumstances that resulted in the need to restate TELKOM’s consolidated financial statements which include among others: (i) an assessment of the organizational structure of the finance department, including to determine additional resources which need to be dedicated to it; (ii) the enhancement of all finance-related policies and procedures covering accounting and financial reporting; (iii) the improvement of standard documentations requirements for the assessment of critical, significant and judgmental accounting areas; (iv) the improvement of understanding of relevant Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP accounting principles and financial reporting responsibilities across all business units through intensive and continuing education and training and proactive consultations with advisors on technical matters as they relate to TELKOM’s financial reporting; and (v) modification of the mandate of TELKOM’s internal audit function to place greater emphasis on the adequacy of, and compliance with, procedures relating to internal control over financial reporting.
      Since 2004, TELKOM has taken a number of steps specifically aimed at addressing the senior management’s directions on the foregoing. Such steps include:
        (1) TELKOM carried out a recruitment exercise for accountancy graduates and provided regular training programs on accounting and financial reporting issues with emphasis on Indonesian and U.S. GAAP. Since May 2004, TELKOM has provided additional information, resources

184

Table of Contents

  and databases to its accounting staff by subscribing to various printed or on-line accounting publications.
 
        (2) TELKOM over hauled its organization structure in respect of internal control over financial reporting to achieve the separation of each financial reporting function and also to bring qualified, knowledgeable employees to implement TELKOM’s improved financial reporting policies and procedures. In connection with the improvement of the oversight function, TELKOM’s senior management directed the addition of a new oversight function to its accounting organization structure to improve the assessment of critical, significant and judgmental accounting issues by establishing a new unit dedicated to the on-going review and monitoring of TELKOM’s internal control over financial reporting. As part of such efforts, TELKOM established its “Finance Center” on January 6, 2006. The Finance Center is a unit which directly reports to Finance Director and acts as a centralized decision making and execution body in relation to TELKOM’s financial reporting for all the business units. The unit is also responsible for supporting all the business units of TELKOM in all relevant financial areas, including its accounting function. Since the establishment of the Finance Center, the Accounting Department, which also directly reports to Finance Director and is a unit independent from Finance Center, focuses on reviewing financial statements produced by all the business units of TELKOM to ensure that the financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
 
        (3) On April 13, 2006, TELKOM formally approved and issued revised accounting and financial reporting policies and related supplements, which take effect retroactively from January 1, 2006. Following the issuance of the revised accounting and financial reporting policies and the supplements, TELKOM is updating its accounting manuals and work procedures as operating guidelines for implementation of the new policies. Such revised accounting manuals and work procedures are expected to be finalized in the third quarter of 2006.
 
        (4) To improve its internal control over financial reporting at the entity level and to incorporate the best corporate governance practices, TELKOM restructured its corporate organization and separated the Risk Management unit and Legal Compliance unit, each reporting directly to the CEO. Each of these units is responsible for ensuring TELKOM’s compliance with various internal and external rules and regulations in respect of financial reporting and minimizing TELKOM’s regulatory and business risks which may arise in conducting its accounting and financial reporting functions.
 
        (5) Since 2004, in preparation for the compliance with Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, TELKOM, in conjunction with Ernst & Young, has designed an internal control framework and protocol for all of its business processes. Since then, TELKOM has gradually adopted and implemented such new internal control system in its daily operations. Since December 2004, TELKOM has conducted walkthroughs and test-runs with respect to the implementation of the new internal controls, has made adjustments and also taken remedial steps where appropriate to evaluate and monitor the implementation of the Directors’ Decree on Internal Control. TELKOM plans to implement these regular tests and remedy problems identified through such tests on a regular basis. In addition, TELKOM, also in conjunction with Ernst & Young, reviewed the implementation of its information technology-related general controls. Such review was completed on July 15, 2005.
 
        (6) Since December 2004, TELKOM has modified the mandate of its internal audit function to place greater emphasis on the adequacy of, and compliance with, procedures relating to internal control over financial reporting. Since April 2005, with the assistance of Ernst & Young, TELKOM has also been assessing the roles and functions of its Internal Audit Unit to ensure compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

185

Table of Contents

ITEM 16.     RESERVED
ITEM 16A.     AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
      The Board of Commissioners has determined that Mr. Sahat Pardede, a member of TELKOM’s Audit Committee, qualifies as an Audit Committee Financial Expert in accordance with the requirements of Item 16A of Form 20-F. Mr. Pardede has been a member of TELKOM’s Audit Committee since February 17, 2004. Prior to his appointment as a member of TELKOM’s Audit Committee, Mr. Pardede practiced, and is currently practicing, as a Certified Public Accountant in Indonesia and provided auditing services and other financial services to numerous private companies and public institutions. Mr. Pardede graduated with a degree in accounting from the State College of Accountancy, Jakarta and holds a master degree in business administration from Saint Mary’s University, Canada. He is a Certified Public Accountant and is also a member of the Indonesian Institute of Accountants.
ITEM 16B.     CODE OF ETHICS
      We have adopted a code of ethics in accordance with the provisions of Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Our code of ethics applies to our President Director, Finance Director (being our officers in equivalent positions to a Chief Executive Officer and a Chief Financial Officer) and persons performing similar functions as well as to our Commissioners, Directors and other officers and employees. Our code of ethics may be viewed on our company web site at www.telkom-indonesia.com/hubunganinvestor/corporategovernance/–etikabisnis–2005.pdf. If we amend the provisions of our code of ethics that applies to our President Director, Finance Director and persons performing similar functions, or if we grant any waiver of such provisions, we will disclose such amendment or waiver on our company web site at the same address.
ITEM 16C.     PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
      The following table summarizes the aggregate fees billed to us by KPMG, during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005:
                 
    Year Ended
    December 31,
     
    2004   2005
         
    (in Rp. million)
Audit Fees
     19,274.6       42,390.3  
Audit-Related Fees
     —       —  
Tax Fees
     —       —  
All Other Fees
     —       —  
A.     Audit Fees
      Audit fees in the above table are the aggregate fees billed by KPMG in 2004 and 2005, in each case in connection with the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements.
B.     Audit-Related Fees
      None.
C.     Tax Fees
      KPMG did not perform any tax compliance, tax advisory or tax planning services for TELKOM during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005.

186

Table of Contents

D.     All Other Fees
      KPMG did not perform any other services for TELKOM during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005.
E.     Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
      TELKOM has adopted pre-approval policies and procedures under which all non-audit services provided by its independent public accounting firm must be pre-approved by TELKOM’s audit committee as set forth in the audit committee’s charter. Pursuant to the charter, permissible non-audit services may be performed by TELKOM’s independent registered public accounting firm provided that: (a) TELKOM’s Board of Directors must deliver to the Audit Committee (through the Board of Commissioners) a detailed description of the non-audit service that is to be performed by the independent public accounting firm; and (b) the Audit Committee will determine whether the proposed non-audit service will affect the independence of TELKOM’s independent public accounting firm or would give rise to any conflict of interest.
      Consistent with Section 10(i)(1)(B) of the Exchange Act and paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X issued thereunder, the charter of TELKOM’s audit committee waives the pre-approval requirement for permissible non-audit services (x) where the aggregate amount of the fees for such non-audit services constitutes no more than five percent of the total amount of fees paid by TELKOM to its independent registered public accounting firm during the fiscal year in which the services are provided or (y) the proposed services are not regarded as non-audit services at the time the contract to perform the same is signed. In either case, the performance of such non-audit services must subsequently be approved either by a member of the Audit Committee who has been delegated pre-approval authority by the full Audit Committee or by the full Audit Committee itself. Notwithstanding the foregoing, none of TELKOM’s independent public accounting firms performed non-audit services for TELKOM during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005.
ITEM 16D.     EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
      In accordance with Indonesian law, the Company has a two-tier board structure, consisting of a Board of Commissioners and a Board of Directors. The executive management functions are carried out by the Board of Directors, while the principal statutory duties of the Board of Commissioners are to supervise the policies of the Board of Directors in the operation and management of the Company and to give advice to the Board of Directors.
      Under Jakarta Stock Exchange rules (the “JSX Audit Committee Rule”), TELKOM’s audit committee must consist of at least three members, one of whom must be an Independent Commissioner of TELKOM and concurrently the chairman of the audit committee, while the other two members must be external independent parties of whom at least one such party shall have accounting and/or finance expertise. TELKOM’s audit committee is composed of seven members and is chaired by an Independent Commissioner. Members of Telkom’s audit committee are appointed and dismissed by the Board of Commissioners.
      TELKOM relies on the general exemption under Rule 10A-3(c)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 with respect to the composition of its audit committee. For further information on the Rule 10A-3(c)(3) exemption, see Item 6. “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — A. Directors and Senior Management — Board of Commissioners’ Committees” and Item 10. “Additional Information — B. Memorandum and articles of association — Committees”.
      TELKOM believes that its reliance on the exemption would not materially adversely affect the ability of the audit committee to act independently. TELKOM believes that the intent of the provision in requiring that each member of the audit committee to be a member of the board of directors or commissioners, as applicable, and to be otherwise independent, is to ensure that the audit committee is independent from influence by management and would provide a forum separate from management in

187

Table of Contents

which auditors and other interested parties can candidly discuss concerns. The JSX Audit Committee Rule requires that each member of the audit committee be independent. The JSX Audit Committee Rule goes on to require that at least two of the members, the external independent members, in effect be independent not only of the management but also of the Board of Commissioners and Board of Directors and the Company as a whole. TELKOM therefore believes that the standard established by the JSX Audit Committee Rule is at least equally effective in ensuring the ability of the audit committee to act independently.
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
      Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 17.     CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
      Not applicable.
ITEM 18.     CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
      See pages F-1 through F-147.
ITEM 19.     EXHIBITS
Exhibit 1 — The Articles of Incorporation of TELKOM, amended as of July 30, 2004, together with an English translation thereof.
Exhibit 2 — Not applicable.
Exhibit 3 — Not applicable.
Exhibit 4 — Material Contracts Exhibits:
     
4.1*
   Settlement Agreement between TELKOM and the shareholders of AriaWest, dated July 31, 2003.
4.2*
   Credit Agreement between TELKOM and the AriaWest lenders, dated July 31, 2003.
4.3*
   First Amendment to the Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement between TELKOM and the shareholders of AriaWest, dated July 31, 2003.
4.4*
   Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement between TELKOM and the shareholders of AriaWest, dated May 8, 2002.
4.5*
   Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement between TELKOM and the shareholders of Pramindo, dated April 19, 2002.
4.6*
   Cooperation Agreement on the Interconnection between TELKOM’s Fixed Network and Indosat’s Local Fixed Network and the Settlement of the Interconnection Financial Rights and Obligations between TELKOM and Indosat, dated September 3, 2002, including an English translation thereof.
4.7**
   Kontrak Pengadaan Satelit TELKOM-2 (Contract on Procurement of TELKOM-2 Satellite) between TELKOM and Orbital Sciences Corporation, dated October 24, 2002.
4.8+
   First Amendment to Contract on Procurement of TELKOM-2 Satellite between TELKOM and Orbital Sciences Corporation, dated December 15, 2003.
4.9**
   Kontrak Jasa Peluncur Satelit TELKOM-2 (Agreement on Launch Services of TELKOM-2 Satellite) between TELKOM and Arianespace S.A., dated November 8, 2002.
4.10*
   Master Procurement Partnership Agreement between TELKOM and a consortium led by Samsung Electronics, dated December 23, 2003.

188

Table of Contents

     
4.11*
   Amendment No. 1 to the Master Procurement Partnership Agreement between TELKOM and a consortium led by Samsung Electronics, dated December 31, 2003.
4.12*
   Service Level Agreement between TELKOM and a consortium led by Samsung Electronics, dated December 23, 2002.
4.13*
   Loan Agreement between TELKOM and The Export-Import Bank of Korea, dated August 27, 2003.
4.14*
   Master Procurement Partnership Agreement between TELKOM and a consortium led by Ericsson, dated December 23, 2002.
4.15*
   Service Level Agreement between TELKOM and a consortium led by Ericsson, dated December 23, 2002.
4.16*
   Master Procurement Partnership Agreement between TELKOM and PT Industri Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Persero), dated August 26, 2003, including an English translation thereof.
4.17*
   Service Level Agreement between TELKOM and PT Industri Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk., dated August 26, 2003.
4.18*
   Partnership Agreement for the Procurement and Construction of Backbone Transmission Network between TELKOM and a consortium led by Siemens AG, dated September 24, 2003.
4.19**
   Development Contract PSTN Excellence Regional Junction Divre-II between TELKOM and the Olex-Lucent-Brimbun consortium, dated February 8, 2002.
4.20+
   Co-Operation Agreement on Fixed Wireless CDMA Facilities Construction in KSO Divre VII Area between TELKOM and PT Bukaka SingTel International, dated January 14, 2003.
4.21*
   Amendment No. 1 to the Development Contract PSTN Excellence Regional Junction Divre-II between TELKOM and the Olex-Lucent-Brimbun consortium, dated August 22, 2002.
4.22*
   Amendment No. 2 to the Development Contract PSTN Excellence Regional Junction Divre-II between TELKOM and the Olex-Lucent-Brimbun consortium, dated October 25, 2002.
4.23*
   Amendment No. 3 to the Development Contract PSTN Excellence Regional Junction Divre-II between TELKOM and the Olex-Lucent-Brimbun consortium, dated December 20, 2002.
4.24*
   Amendment No. 4 to the Development Contract PSTN Excellence Regional Junction Divre-II between TELKOM and the Olex-Lucent-Brimbun consortium, dated March 20, 2003.
4.25*
   Amendment No. 5 to the Development Contract PSTN Excellence Regional Junction Divre-II between TELKOM and the Olex-Lucent-Brimbun consortium, dated June 26, 2003.
4.26+
   Amendment No. 6 to the Development Contract PSTN Excellence Regional Junction Divre-II between TELKOM and the Olex-Lucent-Brimbun consortium, dated October 9, 2003.
4.27+
   Amendment No. 7 to the Development Contract PSTN Excellence Regional Junction Divre-II between TELKOM and the Olex-Lucent-Brimbun consortium, dated December 4, 2003.
4.28*
   Master Procurement Partnership Agreement between TELKOM and Motorola, Inc., dated March 24, 2003.
4.29*
   Partnership Agreement for Procurement and Construction of Regional Metro Junction and Optic Access Network for Regional Division III between TELKOM and PT Industri Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Persero), dated November 12, 2003, including an English translation thereof.
4.30*
   Contract Agreement in connection with the Softswitch System Class-4 Procurement Program Through Buy or Return Scheme between TELKOM and the Santera-Olex consortium, dated December 18, 2003.
4.31*
   Side Letter to the Partnership Agreement for the Construction and Provision of the High Performance Backbone in Sumatera, dated June 12, 2003.

189

Table of Contents

     
4.32*
   Amendment No. 1 to the Partnership Agreement for the Development of a PSTN Regional Junction for Regional Division V (East Java), dated September 27, 2002.
4.33*
   Amendment No. 2 to the Partnership Agreement for the Development of a PSTN Regional Junction for Regional Division V (East Java), dated December 30, 2002.
4.34+
   Amendment No. 3 to the Partnership Agreement for the Development of a PSTN Regional Junction for Regional Division V (East Java), dated December 11, 2003.
4.35*
   Supply Contract among TELKOM, NEC Corporation, the Communication Authority of Thailand and Singapore Telecommunications Limited, dated November 27, 2002.
4.36*
   Amended and Restated KSO Agreement between TELKOM and PT Mitra Global Telekomunikasi Indonesia, dated January 20, 2004.
4.37*
   Service Level Agreement between TELKOM and Motorola, Inc., dated March 24, 2003.
4.38*
   Indemnity Agreement between TELKOM and KAP Hans Tuanakotta Mustofa & Halim (formerly KAP Hans Tuanakotta & Mustofa), dated February 9, 2004.
4.39+
   Supply Contract for the Procurement and Installation of Dumai-Melaka Cable System among TELKOM, Telekom Malaysia Berhad and NEC Corporation, dated May 14, 2004.
4.40+
   Loan Agreement and Acknowledgement of Indebtedness between TELKOM and ABN AMRO Bank N.V. Jakarta Branch, dated January 28, 2004.
4.41+
   Letter Agreement between Indosat and TELKOM, dated December 11, 2003 (with regard to the merger of PT Indonesian Satellite Corporation Tbk with PT Indosat Multi Media Mobile, PT Satelit Palapa Indonesia and PT Bimagraha Telekomindo), including an English translation thereof.
4.42+
   Indemnity Agreement between TELKOM and KAP Hans Tuanakotta Mustofa & Halim (formerly KAP Hans Tuanakotta & Mustofa), dated June 29, 2004.
4.43++
   Medium Term Notes Issuance Agreement dated December 13, 2004 (English summary).
4.44++
   Indemnity Agreement between TELKOM and KAP Hans Tuanakotta Mustofa & Halim (formerly KAP Hans Tuanakotta & Mustofa), dated April 25, 2005.
4.45
   Supply Contract For The Procurement and Installation of Ring JASUKA Backbone between TELKOM and NEC-SIEMENS CONSORTIUM, dated June 10, 2005.
4.46
   Supply Contract For Capacity Expansion of Submarine Cable System Tanjung Pandan-Pontianak between TELKOM and NEC Corporation, dated July 2005.
*
   Filed with Amendment No. 2 to the Annual Report of Form 20-F/ A for the year ended December 31, 2002 filed February 9, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference.
**
   Filed with original Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2002 filed April 17, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference.
+
   Filed with original Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003 filed June 30, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference.
++
   Filed with original Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2004 filed July 15, 2005 and incorporated herein by reference.
      Exhibit 5 — Not applicable.
      Exhibit 6 — Earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year, totaling 20,159,999,280 shares in 2003, 2004 and 2005. TELKOM does not have potentially dilutive ordinary shares.
      Exhibit 7 — Not applicable.

190

Table of Contents

      Exhibit 8 — List of subsidiaries as of December 31, 2005:
             
        Name Under Which
        Subsidiary Conducts
Name of Subsidiary   Jurisdiction of Incorporation   its Business
         
PT AriaWest International
   Indonesia    
AriaWest
  
PT Multimedia Nusantara
   Indonesia    
Metra
  
PT Graha Sarana Duta
   Indonesia    
GSD
  
PT Indonusa Telemedia
   Indonesia    
Indonusa
  
PT Dayamitra Telekomunikasi
   Indonesia    
Mitratel
  
PT Telekomunikasi Selular
   Indonesia    
Telkomsel
  
PT Napsindo Primatel Internasional
   Indonesia    
Napsindo
  
PT Infomedia Nusantara
   Indonesia    
Infomedia
  
PT Pramindo Ikat Nusantara
   Indonesia    
Pramindo
  
      Exhibit 9 — Not applicable.
      Exhibit 10 — Not applicable.
      Exhibit 11 — Not applicable. TELKOM intends to comply with its obligation to disclose its code of ethics by posting a copy of the code of ethics on its company web site at www.telkom-indonesia.com/english/hubunganinvestor/index.asp
      Exhibit 12 — See Exhibits 12.1 and 12.2 attached hereto.
      Exhibit 13 — See Exhibits 13.1 and 13.2 attached hereto.
      Exhibit 14 — Not applicable.

191

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES
      Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, there unto duly authorized, in Jakarta, on the 23rd day of June, 2006.
  PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
  P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk.
  By:  /s/ Arwin Rasyid
 
 
  ARWIN RASYID
  President Director
 
  Date: June 23, 2006

192

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
           
    Page
     
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
     F-2  
Consolidated Financial Statements
        
 
1. Consolidated Balance Sheets
     F-5  
 
2. Consolidated Statements of Income
     F-7  
 
3. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
     F-8  
 
4. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
     F-11  
 
5. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
     F-13  

F-1

Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
No. L.05 — 3737 — 06/US
The Shareholders, Board of Commissioners and Board of Directors
Perusahaan Perseroan (Persero) PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk.:
We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of Perusahaan Perseroan (Persero) PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2005. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We did not audit the financial statements of PT Telekomunikasi Selular (“Telkomsel”), a 65 percent-owned subsidiary, for the year ended December 31, 2003, which financial statements reflect total revenues constituting 40 percent of the related consolidated total. Those financial statements, which were prepared on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in Indonesia, were audited by other auditors whose report has been furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to the 2003 amounts included for Telkomsel, including information relating to the nature and effect of differences between accounting principles generally accepted in Indonesia and accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, is based solely on the report of the other auditors.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and auditing standards generally accepted in Indonesia. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits and the report of other auditors provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, based on our audits and the report of other auditors, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Perusahaan Perseroan (Persero) PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2005, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in Indonesia.
As discussed in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted the provisions of PSAK No. 24 (Revised 2004), “Employee Benefits,” and PSAK No. 38 (Revised 2004), “Accounting for Restructuring Transactions between Entities under Common Control,” in 2005.
The consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2004, have been restated to reflect the adoption of PSAK No. 24 (Revised 2004).
Accounting principles generally accepted in Indonesia vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Information relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented in Note 54 to the consolidated financial statements.

F-2

Table of Contents

The accompanying consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2005, have been translated into United States Dollars solely for the convenience of the reader. We have audited the translation and, in our opinion, the consolidated financial statements expressed in Indonesian Rupiah have been translated into dollars on the basis as set forth in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements.
Kantor Akuntan Publik Siddharta Siddharta & Widjaja
Member Firm of KPMG International
License No.: KEP-232/KM.6/2002

Lucas Kurniawan, BAP
Public Accountant License No. 04.1.0934
Jakarta-Indonesia, June 8, 2006, except for Note 54, as to which the date is June 16, 2006.

F-3

Table of Contents

(HARYANTO SAHARI & REKAN LETTERHEAD)
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
TO THE STOCKHOLDERS OF
PT TELEKOMUNIKASI SELULAR AND SUBSIDIARY
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows of PT Telekomunikasi Selular (the “Company”) and its subsidiary (collectively the “Group”) for the year ended December 31, 2003. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Group’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards established by the Indonesian Institute of Accountants and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). These standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by the management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated results of their operations, and consolidated cash flows of the Group for the year ended December 31, 2003, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in Indonesia.
Accounting principles generally accepted in Indonesia vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Information relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented in Notes 34 and 35 to the consolidated financial statements.
JAKARTA
April 8, 2004
Drs. Irhoan Tanudiredja BAP
License of Public Accountant No. 99.1.0683

F-4

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk
AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah and thousands of United States Dollars)
ASSETS
                                       
    Notes   2004   2005
             
        Rp   Rp   US$ (Note 3)
        (As restated)        
CURRENT ASSETS
                                
 
Cash and cash equivalents
     2c,2f,6,45       4,856,123       5,374,684       546,763  
 
Temporary investments
     2c,2g,45       19,949       22,064       2,245  
 
Trade accounts receivable
     2c,2h,7,45                          
   
Related parties — net of allowance for doubtful accounts of Rp64,928 million in 2004 and Rp84,275 million in 2005
             419,104       530,370       53,954  
   
Third parties — net of allowance for doubtful accounts of Rp457,138 million in 2004 and Rp601,393 million in 2005
             2,899,999       3,047,539       310,024  
 
Other accounts receivable — net of allowance for doubtful accounts of Rp9,236 million in 2004 and Rp4,402 million in 2005
     2c,2h,45       55,769       153,247       15,589  
 
Inventories — net of allowance for obsolescence of Rp54,733 million in 2004 and Rp48,347 million in 2005
     2i,8       203,085       220,327       22,413  
 
Prepaid expenses
     2c,2j,9,45       628,069       777,869       79,132  
 
Prepaid taxes
     39a       77,228       18,913       1,924  
 
Other current assets
     2c,10,45       44,608       159,537       16,230  
                         
     
Total Current Assets
             9,203,934       10,304,550       1,048,274  
                         
 
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
                                
 
Long-term investments — net
     2g,11       82,613       101,400       10,315  
 
Property, plant and equipment — net of accumulated depreciation of Rp29,297,163 million in 2004 and Rp37,092,663 million in 2005
     2k,2l,12       39,572,099       45,643,243       4,643,260  
 
Property, plant and equipment under revenue-sharing arrangements — net of accumulated depreciation of Rp694,570 million in 2004 and Rp458,234 million in 2005
     2m,13,48       499,127       549,405       55,891  
 
Prepaid pension benefit costs
     2q,42       1,362       640       65  
 
Advances and other non-current assets
     2c,14,45       1,372,351       946,037       96,240  
 
Goodwill and other intangible assets — net of accumulated amortization of Rp1,846,034 million in 2004 and Rp2,764,187 million in 2005
     1c,2d,15       5,411,425       4,493,272       457,098  
 
Escrow accounts
     16,45       36,281       132,497       13,479  
                         
     
Total Non-current Assets
             46,975,258       51,866,494       5,276,348  
                         
TOTAL ASSETS
             56,179,192       62,171,044       6,324,622  
                         
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements, which form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-5

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk
AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS — (Continued)
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah and thousands of United States Dollars)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                                       
    Notes   2004   2005
             
        Rp   Rp   US$ (Note 3)
        (As restated)        
CURRENT LIABILITIES
                                
 
Trade accounts payable
     2c,17,45                          
   
Related parties
             643,094       1,014,389       103,193  
   
Third parties
             3,611,456       4,281,285       435,533  
 
Other accounts payable
             5,073       6,677       679  
 
Taxes payable
     2r,39b       1,592,479       2,469,765       251,248  
 
Dividends payable
             62,689       3,276       333  
 
Accrued expenses
     2c,18,45       1,051,366       1,521,247       154,756  
 
Unearned income
     19       1,030,000       1,592,718       162,026  
 
Advances from customers and suppliers
             278,430       223,086       22,694  
 
Short-term bank loans
     2c,20,45       1,101,633       173,800       17,681  
 
Current maturities of long-term liabilities
     2c,21,45       2,300,822       2,226,925       226,544  
                         
     
Total Current Liabilities
             11,677,042       13,513,168       1,374,687  
                         
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
                                
 
Deferred tax liabilities — net
     2r,39e       2,927,567       2,391,810       243,317  
 
Unearned income on revenue-sharing arrangements
     2m,13,48       360,332       425,484       43,284  
 
Unearned initial investor payments under joint operation scheme
     2n,47       20,453       7,311       744  
 
Accrued long service awards
     2c,2q,43,45       449,841       524,524       53,360  
 
Accrued post-retirement health care benefits
     2c,2q,44,45       2,983,707       3,048,021       310,073  
 
Accrued pension and other post-retirement benefit costs
     42       1,479,918       1,330,664       135,368  
 
Long-term liabilities — net of current maturities
                                
   
Two-step loans — related party
     2c,22,45       5,363,283       4,760,199       484,252  
   
Notes and bonds
     23       2,331,465       1,456,669       148,186  
   
Bank loans
     2c,24,45       1,775,799       1,752,104       178,240  
   
Liabilities of business acquisitions
     25       3,743,317       3,127,959       318,205  
   
Obligations under capital leases
     2l,12       —       235,537       23,961  
                         
     
Total Non-current Liabilities
             21,435,682       19,060,282       1,938,990  
                         
MINORITY INTEREST
     26       4,938,432       6,305,193       641,423  
                         
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                                
 
Capital stock — Rp250 par value per Series A
                                
   
Dwiwarna share and Series B share
                                
   
Authorized — one Series A Dwiwarna share and 79,999,999,999 Series B shares
                                
   
Issued and fully paid — one Series A Dwiwarna share and 20,159,999,279 Series B shares
     1b,27       5,040,000       5,040,000       512,716  
 
Additional paid-in capital
     28       1,073,333       1,073,333       109,190  
 
Difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control
     29       (7,288,271 )     90,000       9,156  
 
Difference due to change of equity in associated companies
     2g       385,595       385,595       39,226  
 
Unrealized holding gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities
     2g       884       (748 )     (76 )
 
Translation adjustment
     2g       229,595       233,253       23,729  
 
Retained earnings
                                
   
Appropriated
             1,680,813       1,803,397       183,458  
   
Unappropriated
             17,006,087       14,667,571       1,492,123  
                         
     
Total Stockholders’ Equity
             18,128,036       23,292,401       2,369,522  
                         
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
             56,179,192       62,171,044       6,324,622  
                         
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements, which form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-6

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk
AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah and thousands of United States Dollars, except per share and per ADS data)
                                               
    Notes   2003   2004   2005
                 
        Rp   Rp   Rp   US$ (Note 3)
            (As restated)        
OPERATING REVENUES
                                        
 
Telephone
     2p,30                                  
   
Fixed lines
             8,896,865       10,645,021       10,781,252       1,096,770  
   
Cellular
             8,458,830       10,421,298       14,570,958       1,482,295  
 
Interconnection
     2p,31,45       4,162,148       6,187,981       7,742,084       787,598  
 
Joint operation schemes
     2n,32,47       1,486,307       656,614       588,647       59,883  
 
Data and Internet
     33       3,108,562       4,808,742       6,934,324       705,425  
 
Network
     34       517,865       654,309       586,636       59,678  
 
Revenue-sharing arrangements
     2m,35,48       258,464       280,576       302,282       30,751  
 
Other telecommunications services
             226,882       293,225       301,001       30,620  
                               
     
Total Operating Revenues
             27,115,923       33,947,766       41,807,184       4,253,020  
                               
OPERATING EXPENSES
                                        
 
Personnel
     36       4,440,096       4,909,965       6,563,047       667,655  
 
Depreciation
     2k,2l,2m,12,13       4,779,520       6,438,557       7,570,739       770,167  
 
Write-down of assets
     2k,12       —       —       616,768       62,743  
 
Loss on procurement commitments
     12       —       —       79,359       8,073  
 
Operations, maintenance and telecommunication services
     37       3,338,693       4,529,587       5,916,341       601,866  
 
General and administrative
     38       2,078,777       2,599,847       2,763,951       281,175  
 
Marketing
             502,898       881,930       1,126,229       114,571  
                               
     
Total Operating Expenses
             15,139,984       19,359,886       24,636,434       2,506,250  
                               
OPERATING INCOME
             11,975,939       14,587,880       17,170,750       1,746,770  
                               
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES)
                                        
 
Interest income
     45       366,024       317,941       344,686       35,065  
 
Interest expense
     45       (1,383,446 )     (1,270,136 )     (1,177,268 )     (119,763 )
 
Gain (loss) on foreign exchange — net
     2e       126,121       (1,220,760 )     (516,807 )     (52,574 )
 
Equity in net income of associated companies
     2g,11       2,819       3,420       10,879       1,107  
 
Others — net
             364,338       331,050       409,184       41,626  
                               
 
Other income (expenses) — net
             (524,144 )     (1,838,485 )     (929,326 )     (94,539 )
                               
INCOME BEFORE TAX
             11,451,795       12,749,395       16,241,424       1,652,231  
TAX EXPENSE
     2r,39c                                  
 
Current tax
             (3,791,280 )     (4,267,111 )     (5,719,644 )     (581,856 )
 
Deferred tax
             (69,810 )     88,585       535,757       54,502  
                               
              (3,861,090 )     (4,178,526 )     (5,183,887 )     (527,354 )
                               
INCOME BEFORE MINORITY INTEREST IN NET INCOME OF SUBSIDIARIES
             7,590,705       8,570,869       11,057,537       1,124,877  
MINORITY INTEREST IN NET INCOME OF SUBSIDIARIES, net
     26       (1,503,478 )     (1,956,301 )     (3,063,971 )     (311,696 )
                               
NET INCOME
             6,087,227       6,614,568       7,993,566       813,181  
                               
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE
     2s,40                                  
 
Net income per share
             301.95       328.10       396.51       0.04  
                               
  Net income per ADS
(40 Series B shares per ADS)		             12,077.83       13,124.14       15,860.25       1.61  
                               
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements, which form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-7

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah and thousands of United States Dollars)
                                                                           
                Difference in                    
                Value of                    
                Restructuring   Difference                
                Transactions   Due to Change            
            Additional   Between Entities   of Equity in       Retained Earnings   Total
        Capital   Paid-in   Under Common   Associated   Translation       Stockholders’
Description   Notes   Stock   Capital   Control   Companies   Adjustment   Appropriated   Unappropriated   Equity
                                     
        Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp
Balance as of January 1, 2003
             5,040,000       1,073,333       (7,288,271 )     424,020       235,665       745,404       14,383,466       14,613,617  
Reclassification to the statement of income as a result of disposal of investment in Metrosel
     11       —       —       —       (38,425 )     —       —       —       (38,425 )
Foreign currency translation of CSM
     2g       —       —       —       —       (11,433 )     —       —       (11,433 )
Resolved during the Annual General Meeting of the Stockholders on May 9, 2003
Declaration of cash dividends
     41       —       —       —       —       —       —       (3,338,109 )     (3,338,109 )
 
Appropriation for general reserve
     41       —       —       —       —       —       813,664       (813,664 )     —  
Net income for the year
             —       —       —       —       —       —       6,087,227       6,087,227  
                                                       
Balance as of December 31, 2003
             5,040,000       1,073,333       (7,288,271 )     385,595       224,232       1,559,068       16,318,920       17,312,877  
                                                       
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements, which form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-8

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY — (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah and thousands of United States Dollars)
                                                                                   
                Difference in                        
                Value of                        
                Restructuring   Difference                    
                Transactions   Due to Change   Unrealized            
            Additional   Between Entities   of Equity in   Holding Gain on       Retained Earnings   Total
        Capital   Paid-in   Under Common   Associated   Available-for-Sale   Translation       Stockholders’
Description   Notes   Stock   Capital   Control   Companies   Securities   Adjustment   Appropriated   Unappropriated   Equity
                                         
        Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp
Balance as of January 1, 2004
             5,040,000       1,073,333       (7,288,271 )     385,595       —       224,232       1,559,068       16,318,920       17,312,877  
Cumulative effect due to change in method of accounting for employee benefits, net of tax effect of Rp600,059 million
     2q,4       —       —       —       —       —       —       —       (2,618,665 )     (2,618,665 )
                                                             
Balance as of January 1, 2004, as restated
             5,040,000       1,073,333       (7,288,271 )     385,595       —       224,232       1,559,068       13,700,255       14,694,212  
Unrealized holding gain on available- for-sale securities
     2g       —       —       —       —       884       —       —       —       884  
Foreign currency translation of CSM
     2g,11       —       —       —       —       —       5,363       —       —       5,363  
Resolved during the Annual General Meeting of the Stockholders on July 30, 2004 Declaration of cash dividends
     41       —       —       —       —       —       —       —       (3,043,614 )     (3,043,614 )
 
Appropriation for general reserve
     41       —       —       —       —       —       —       121,745       (121,745 )     —  
Declaration of interim cash dividends
             —       —       —       —       —       —       —       (143,377 )     (143,377 )
Net income for the year
             —       —       —       —       —       —       —       6,614,568       6,614,568  
                                                             
Balance as of December 31, 2004, as restated
             5,040,000       1,073,333       (7,288,271 )     385,595       884       229,595       1,680,813       17,006,087       18,128,036  
                                                             
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements, which form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-9

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY — (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah and thousands of United States Dollars)
                                                                                   
                Difference in                        
                Value of                        
                Restructuring   Difference   Unrealized                
                Transactions   Due to   Holding Gain            
                Between Entities   Change of Equity   (Loss) on       Retained Earnings   Total
        Capital   Additional   Under Common   in Associated   Available-for-Sale   Translation       Stockholders’
Description   Notes   Stock   Paid-in Capital   Control   Companies   Securities   Adjustment   Appropriated   Unappropriated   Equity
                                         
        Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp   Rp
Balance as of January 1, 2005, as restated
             5,040,000       1,073,333       (7,288,271 )     385,595       884       229,595       1,680,813       17,006,087       18,128,036  
Change in method of accounting for restructuring transactions between entities under common control
     4       —       —       7,288,271       —       —       —       —       (7,288,271 )     —  
Unrealized holding loss on available- for-sale securities
     2g       —       —       —       —       (1,632 )     —       —       —       (1,632 )
Foreign currency translation of CSM
     2g,11       —       —       —       —       —       3,658       —       —       3,658  
Compensation for early termination of exclusive rights
     29       —       —       90,000       —       —       —       —       —       90,000  
Resolved during the Annual General Meeting of the Stockholders on June 24, 2005
                                                                                
 
Declaration of cash dividends
     41       —       —       —       —       —       —       —       (2,921,227 )     (2,921,227 )
 
Appropriation for general reserve
     41       —       —       —       —       —       —       122,584       (122,584 )     —  
Net income for the year
             —       —       —       —       —       —       —       7,993,566       7,993,566  
                                                             
Balance as of December 31, 2005
             5,040,000       1,073,333       90,000       385,595       (748 )     233,253       1,803,397       14,667,571       23,292,401  
                                                             
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements, which form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-10

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah and thousands of United States Dollars)
                                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
    Rp   Rp   Rp   US$ (Note 3)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
                                
 
Cash receipts from operating revenues
                                
   
Telephone
                                
     
Fixed lines
     8,201,928       10,084,558       10,668,915       1,085,342  
     
Cellular
     8,925,503       10,497,763       14,825,437       1,508,183  
   
Interconnection — net
     4,203,802       5,766,444       7,403,322       753,136  
   
Joint operation schemes
     1,195,563       547,487       614,652       62,528  
   
Data and Internet
     2,213,391       4,973,559       6,952,323       707,256  
   
Other services
     1,718,693       1,689,941       1,445,668       147,067  
                         
       
Total cash receipts from operating revenues
     26,458,880       33,559,752       41,910,317       4,263,512  
 
Cash payments for operating expenses
     (8,861,797 )     (12,270,643 )     (14,954,742 )     (1,521,337 )
                         
Cash generated from operations
     17,597,083       21,289,109       26,955,575       2,742,175  
                         
 
Interest received
     369,982       321,677       341,848       34,776  
 
Income tax paid
     (3,905,317 )     (4,132,359 )     (4,938,916 )     (502,433 )
 
Interest paid
     (1,178,332 )     (1,348,919 )     (1,200,484 )     (122,125 )
 
Cash refund to customers and advances
     (30,884 )     (78,028 )     (55,343 )     (5,630 )
                         
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
     12,852,532       16,051,480       21,102,680       2,146,763  
                         
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
                                
 
Proceeds from sale of temporary investments and maturity of time deposits
     1,895,199       285,264       227,633       23,157  
 
Purchase of temporary investments and placements in time deposits
     (679,500 )     (404,268 )     (226,054 )     (22,996 )
 
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
     255,750       67,196       84,621       8,608  
 
Proceeds from insurance claim
     —       —       27,580       2,806  
 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment
     (9,007,186 )     (8,568,862 )     (12,106,930 )     (1,231,631 )
 
Payment of advances for the purchase of property,plant and equipment
     —       (1,063,382 )     (212,187 )     (21,586 )
 
Decrease in advances and others
     96,830       123,026       874       89  
 
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired
     141,985       (27,797 )     (4,000 )     (407 )
 
Payments of advances for investments in shares of stock
     (14,338 )     —       —       —  
 
Acquisition of long-term investments
     —       (9,290 )     (4,250 )     (432 )
 
Sale of long-term investments
     5,398       —       —       —  
                         
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
     (7,305,862 )     (9,598,113 )     (12,212,713 )     (1,242,392 )
                         
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
                                
 
Cash dividends paid
     (3,336,582 )     (3,129,225 )     (2,980,640 )     (303,219 )
 
Cash dividends paid to minority shareholders of subsidiaries
     (402,004 )     (682,366 )     (1,694,261 )     (172,356 )
 
Increase in escrow accounts
     (1,497,462 )     (1,341,546 )     (96,216 )     (9,788 )
 
Proceeds from (repayments of) short-term borrowings
     (39,205 )     1,062,183       (994,709 )     (101,191 )
 
Payments for debt issuance cost
     —       (2,394 )     —       —  
 
Proceeds from Medium-term Notes
     —       1,080,000       —       —  
 
Repayments of Medium-term Notes
     —       —       (470,000 )     (47,813 )
 
Redemption of Telkomsel’s notes
     (160,509 )     (504,101 )     (780,565 )     (79,406 )
 
Proceeds from long-term borrowings
     720,591       2,386,748       569,995       57,985  
 
Repayments of long-term borrowings
     (1,222,424 )     (5,734,156 )     (1,723,126 )     (175,293 )
 
Repayments of promissory notes
     (239,821 )     (40,008 )     (164,186 )     (16,703 )
 
Repayments of obligations under capital leases
     —       —       (5,643 )     (574 )
                         
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities
     (6,177,416 )     (6,904,865 )     (8,339,351 )     (848,358 )
                         

F-11

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS — (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah and thousands of United States Dollars)
                                   
    2003   2004   2005
             
    Rp   Rp   Rp   US$ (Note 3)
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
     (630,746 )     (451,498 )     550,616       56,013  
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
     26,148       213,149       (32,055 )     (3,261 )
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR
     5,699,070       5,094,472       4,856,123       494,011  
                         
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR
     5,094,472       4,856,123       5,374,684       546,763  
                         
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
                                
Noncash investing and financing activities:
                                
 
Increase in property under construction through the incurrence of long-term debt
     536,248       —       —       —  
 
Payment of insurance premium through the incurrence of long-term debt
     81,186       11,658       —       —  
 
Conversion of receivables to long-term investments
     13,500       —       —       —  
 
Acquisition of subsidiary through the issuance of Promissory Notes
     927,273       —       —       —  
 
Acquisition of minority interest through the issuance of Promissory Notes
     —       126,692       —       —  
 
Acquisition of business through the incurrence of long-term liability
     —       3,257,566       —       —  
 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment through capital leases
     —       —       257,380       26,183  
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements, which form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-12

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
1.  GENERAL
a. Establishment and General Information
      Perusahaan Perseroan (Persero) P.T. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk (the “Company”) was originally part of “Post en Telegraafdienst”, which was established in 1884 under the framework of Decree No. 7 dated March 27, 1884 of the Governor General of the Dutch Indies and published in State Gazette No. 52 dated April 3, 1884.
      In 1991, based on Government Regulation No. 25 year 1991, the status of the Company was changed into a state-owned limited liability corporation (“Persero”). The Company was established based on notarial deed No. 128 dated September 24, 1991 of Imas Fatimah, S.H. The deed of establishment was approved by the Minister of Justice of the Republic of Indonesia in his decision letter No. C2-6870.HT.01.01.Th.1991 dated November 19, 1991, and was published in State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia No. 210 dated January 17, 1992, Supplement No. 5. The articles of association have been amended several times, the most recent amendment was made through deed No. 4 dated April 6, 2006, of Notary A. Partomuan Pohan, S.H., LLM., among others, to amend the directors’ authorities and responsibilities.
      In accordance with article 3 of its articles of association, the scope of the Company’s activities is as follows:
  1. The Company’s objective is to provide telecommunications and information facilities and services, in accordance with prevailing regulations.
 
  2. To achieve the above objective, the Company is involved in the following activities:
        i. Planning, building, providing, developing, operating, marketing or selling, leasing and maintaining telecommunications and information networks in accordance with prevailing regulations.
 
        ii. Planning, developing, providing, marketing or selling and improving telecommunications and information services in accordance with prevailing regulations.
 
        iii. Performing activities and other undertakings in connection with the utilization and development of the Company’s resources and optimizing the utilization of the Company’s property, plant and equipment, information systems, education and training, and repairs and maintenance facilities.
      The Company’s principal business is the provision of domestic telecommunications services, including telephone, telex, telegram, satellite, leased lines, electronic mail, mobile communication and cellular services. In order to accelerate the construction of telecommunications facilities, to make the Company a world-class operator, and to increase the technology as well as the knowledge and skills of its employees, in 1995, the Company entered into agreements with investors to develop, manage and operate telecommunications facilities in five of the Company’s seven regional divisions under Joint Operation Schemes (known as “Kerja Sama Operasi” or “KSO”).
      The Company’s head office is located at Jalan Japati No. 1, Bandung, West Java.
      Pursuant to Law No. 3/1989 on Telecommunications which took effect on April 1, 1989, Indonesian legal entities are allowed to provide basic telecommunications services in cooperation with

F-13

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
the Company as the domestic telecommunications organizing body (or “badan penyelenggara”). Government Regulation No. 8/1993, concerning the provision of telecommunications services, further regulates that cooperation to provide basic telecommunications services can be in the form of joint venture, joint operation or contract management and that the entities cooperating with the domestic telecommunications organizing body must use the organizing body’s telecommunications networks. If the telecommunications networks are not available, the Government Regulation requires that the cooperation be in the form of a joint venture that is capable of constructing the necessary networks.
      The Minister of Tourism, Post and Telecommunications of the Republic of Indonesia (“MTPT”), through two decision letters both dated August 14, 1995, reaffirmed the status of the Company as the organizing body for the provision of domestic telecommunications services.
      Further, effective from January 1, 1996, the Company was granted the exclusive right to provide local wireline and fixed wireless services for a minimum period of 15 years and the exclusive right to provide domestic long-distance telecommunications services for a minimum period of 10 years. The exclusive rights also apply to telecommunications services provided for and on behalf of the Company through a KSO. This grant of rights does not affect the Company’s right to provide other domestic telecommunications services.
      Under Law No. 36/1999 on Telecommunications, which took effect from September 2000, telecommunications activities cover:
        i. Telecommunications networks
 
        ii. Telecommunications services
 
        iii. Special telecommunications
      National state-owned companies, regional state-owned companies, privately-owned companies and cooperatives are allowed to provide telecommunications networks and services. Special telecommunications can be provided by individuals, government agencies and legal entities other than telecommunications networks and service providers.
      Under Law No. 36/1999, activities that result in monopolistic practices and unfair competition are prohibited. In connection with this law, Government Regulation No. 52/2000 was issued, which provides that interconnection fees shall be charged to originating telecommunications network operators where telecommunications service is provided by two or more telecommunications network operators.
      Based on press release No. 05/ HMS/ JP/ VIII/2000 dated August 1, 2000 from the Director General of Post and Telecommunications and the correction thereto No. 1718/ UM/ VIII/2000 dated August 2, 2000, the period of exclusive rights granted to the Company to provide local and domestic long-distance fixed-line telecommunications services, which initially would expire in December 2010 and December 2005, respectively, was shortened to expire in August 2002 and August 2003, respectively. In return, the Government is required to pay compensation to the Company (Note 29).
      Based on a press release from the Coordinating Minister of Economics dated July 31, 2002, the Government decided to terminate the Company’s exclusive rights as a network provider for local and long-distance services with effect from August 1, 2002. On August 1, 2002, PT Indonesian Satellite

F-14

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
Corporation Tbk (“Indosat”) was granted a license to provide local and long-distance telecommunications services.
      On May 13, 2004, pursuant to the Ministry of Communications Decree No. KP. 162/2004, the Company was granted a commercial license to provide International Direct Dialing (IDD) services.
      Based on the resolution of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Stockholders, the minutes of which have been notarized by deed No. 4 dated March 10, 2004 of A. Partomuan Pohan, S.H., LLM., the composition of the Company’s Board of Commissioners and Board of Directors as of December 31, 2004 was as follows:
             
President Commissioner
     :     Tanri Abeng
Commissioner
     :     Anggito Abimanyu
Commissioner
     :     Gatot Trihargo
Independent Commissioner
     :     Arif Arryman
Independent Commissioner
     :     Petrus Sartono
President Director
     :     Kristiono
Director of Finance
     :     Rinaldi Firmansyah
Director of Telecommunications Service Business
     :     Suryatin Setiawan
Director of Human Resources and Support Business
     :     Woeryanto Soeradji
Director of Telecommunications Network Business
     :     Abdul Haris
      Based on the resolution of the Annual General Meeting of Stockholders, the minutes of which have been summarized by deed No. 36 dated June 24, 2005 of A. Partomuan Pohan, S.H., LLM., the composition of the Company’s Board of Commissioners and Board of Directors as of December 31, 2005 was as follows:
             
President Commissioner
     :     Tanri Abeng
Commissioner
     :     Anggito Abimanyu
Commissioner
     :     Gatot Trihargo
Independent Commissioner
     :     Arif Arryman
Independent Commissioner
     :     Petrus Sartono
President Director
     :     Arwin Rasyid
Vice President Director/ Chief Operating Officer
     :     Garuda Sugardo
Director of Finance
     :     Rinaldi Firmansyah
Director of Network and Solution
     :     Abdul Haris
Director of Enterprise and Wholesale
     :     Arief Yahya
Director of Human Resources
     :     John Welly
Director of Consumer
     :     Guntur Siregar
      As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the Company had 29,375 employees and 28,179 employees, respectively, while the subsidiaries had 5,282 employees and 5,825 employees, respectively.
b. Public offering of shares of the Company
      The Company’s total number of shares immediately prior to its initial public offering was 8,400,000,000, which consisted of 8,399,999,999 Series B shares and 1 Series A Dwiwarna share, all of which were owned by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia (the “Government”). On

F-15

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
November 14, 1995, the Government sold the Company’s shares through an initial public offering on the Jakarta Stock Exchange and Surabaya Stock Exchange. The shares offered consisted of 933,333,000 new Series B shares and 233,334,000 Series B shares owned by the Government. A share offering was also conducted on the New York Stock Exchange and London Stock Exchange for 700,000,000 Series B shares owned by the Government, which were converted into 35,000,000 American Depositary Shares (ADS). Each ADS represented 20 Series B shares at that time.
      In December 1996, the Government completed a block sale of 388,000,000 Series B shares, and later in 1997, distributed 2,670,300 Series B shares as an incentive to stockholders who did not sell their shares within one year from the date of the initial public offering. In May 1999, the Government sold 898,000,000 Series B shares.
      Under Law No. 1/1995 on Limited Liability Companies, the minimum total par value of the Company’s issued shares of capital stock must be at least 25% of the total par value of the Company’s authorized capital stock, or in the Company’s case Rp5,000,000 million. To comply with the Law, it was resolved at the Annual General Meeting of Stockholders on April 16, 1999 to increase the issued share capital by way of capitalization of certain additional paid-in capital. The bonus shares were distributed to the then existing stockholders in August 1999.
      In December 2001, the Government conducted another block sale of 1,200,000,000 shares or 11.9% of the total outstanding Series B shares. In July 2002, the Government sold 312,000,000 shares or 3.1% of the total outstanding Series B shares.
      On July 30, 2004, the Annual General Meeting of Stockholders, the minutes of which were notarized by deed No. 26 dated July 30, 2004 of A. Partomuan Pohan, S.H., LLM., resolved to decrease the par value of the Company’s shares from Rp500 to Rp250 by means of a 2-for-1 stock split. The Series A Dwiwarna share with par value of Rp500 was split to one Series A Dwiwarna share with par value of Rp250 and one Series B share with par value of Rp250. As a result of the stock split, the Company’s authorized capital stock increased from one Series A Dwiwarna share and 39,999,999,999 Series B shares to one Series A Dwiwarna share and 79,999,999,999 Series B shares, and the Company’s issued capital stock increased from one Series A Dwiwarna share and 10,079,999,639 Series B shares to one Series A Dwiwarna share and 20,159,999,279 Series B shares. After the stock split, each ADS represented 40 Series B shares.
      Based on the resolution of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Stockholders on December 21, 2005, the Stockholders authorized the plan to repurchase up to a maximum of 5% of the Company’s issued and outstanding Series B shares for a total repurchase amount not exceeding Rp5,250,000 million. As of June 2, 2006, the Company has repurchased 8,373,500 shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding Series B shares, representing less than 0.05% of the Company’s issued and outstanding Series B shares, for a total repurchase amount of Rp61,4 billion (US$6.2 million).
      As of December 31, 2005, all of the Company’s Series B shares were listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange and Surabaya Stock Exchange and 37,414,543 ADS shares were outstanding on either the New York Stock Exchange or London Stock Exchange.

F-16

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
     c. Subsidiaries
      The Company consolidates the following subsidiaries as a result of majority ownership or its right to control operations.
                                                     
            Percentage of       Total Assets Before
            Ownership   Start of   Eliminations
                Commercial    
Subsidiaries   Domicile   Nature of Business   2004   2005   Operations   2004   2005
                             
            %   %            
PT Pramindo Ikat Nusantara
     Medan     Telecommunications     100       100       1995       1,604,405       1,356,634  
            construction & services                                        
PT AriaWest International
     Bandung     Telecommunications     100       100       1995       1,416,225       1,127,772  
PT Multimedia Nusantara
     Jakarta     Pay TV     100       100       1998       22,116       53,738  
PT Graha Sarana Duta
     Jakarta     Real estate, construction     100       100       1982       69,227       101,910  
            and services                                        
PT Dayamitra Telekomunikasi
     Balikpapan     Telecommunications     100       100       1995       641,249       622,662  
PT Indonusa Telemedia
     Jakarta     Multimedia     90       96       1997       72,080       66,445  
PT Telekomunikasi Selular
     Jakarta     Telecommunications     65       65       1995       19,557,557       25,754,321  
PT Napsindo Primatel Internasional
     Jakarta     Telecommunications     60       60       1999       28,974       7,884  
PT Infomedia Nusantara
     Jakarta     Data and information     51       51       1984       333,738       376,160  
            service                                        
PT Pro Infokom Indonesia
     Jakarta     System information     51       —       2003       1,261       —  
            network                                        
      The Company has indirect investments through its subsidiaries in the following companies:
                                     
                Ownership    
                Percentage   Start of
            Nature of       Commercial
Indirect Subsidiaries   Stockholders   Domicile   Business   2004   2005   Operations
                         
                %   %    
Telekomunikasi Selular Finance Limited
   PT Telekomunikasi   Mauritius   Fund raising     100       100       2002  
    Selular                                
Telkomsel Finance B.V
   PT Telekomunikasi   Netherlands   Finance     —       100       2005  
    Selular                                
Aria West International Finance B.V
   PT AriaWest   Netherlands   Finance     100       100       1996  
    International                                
PT Balebat Dedikasi Prima
   PT Infomedia   Bogor   Printing     51       51       2000  
    Nusantara                                

F-17

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
PT Pramindo Ikat Nusantara (“Pramindo”)
      Pramindo is the investor in KSO I, the joint operating scheme that provides telecommunications services in Sumatra. On April 19, 2002, the Company entered into a Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement (“CSPA”) (as amended on August 1, 2002) to acquire 100% of the issued and paid-up share capital of Pramindo. The Company acquired control of Pramindo on August 15, 2002, the date when the Company entered into a Stockholders Voting Agreement pursuant to which the Company obtained the right to vote all Pramindo’s shares and the right to nominate all the members of the Board of Directors and Board of Commissioners of Pramindo (Note 5b).
PT AriaWest International (“AWI”)
      AWI is the investor in KSO III, the joint operating scheme that provides telecommunication services in West Java. On May 8, 2002, the Company entered into a Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement (“CSPA”) to acquire 100% of the issued and paid-up capital of AWI. The acquisition was effective on July 31, 2003, the date when the Company entered into the First Amendment to the Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement with the stockholders of AWI in which both parties agreed to the Company’s acquisition of AWI (Note 5c).
PT Multimedia Nusantara (“Metra”)
      Metra is engaged in providing pay television and multimedia telecommunications services.
      On July 21, 2005, the annual general meeting of stockholders of Metra resolved to issue additional share capital totaling Rp26,000 million to the Company. The Company paid the entire amount on October 21, 2005.
PT Graha Sarana Duta (“GSD”)
      GSD is currently engaged primarily in leasing of offices as well as providing building management and maintenance services.
      On April 6, 2001, the Company acquired a 100% ownership interest in GSD from Koperasi Mitra Duta and Dana Pensiun Bank Duta, for a purchase consideration of Rp119,000 million. This acquisition resulted in goodwill of Rp106,348 million which is being amortized over a period of five years (Note 15).
PT Dayamitra Telekomunikasi (“Dayamitra”)
      Dayamitra is the investor in KSO VI, the joint operating scheme that provides telecommunications services in Kalimantan. The Company’s acquisition of a 90.32% ownership interest in Dayamitra was effective on May 17, 2001, the date when the Deed of Share Transfer was signed. The Company also entered into an Option Agreement to acquire the remaining 9.68% interest from the selling stockholders. On December 14, 2004, the Company exercised the option to acquire the remaining 9.68% outstanding shares of Dayamitra by entering into a Sale and Purchase Agreement with TM Communications (HK) Ltd. (Note 5a).

F-18

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
PT Indonusa Telemedia (“Indonusa”)
      Indonusa is engaged in providing multimedia telecommunications services.
      On August 8, 2003, the Company increased its investment in Indonusa from 57.5% to 88.08% through a share-swap agreement with PT Centralindo Pancasakti Cellular (“CPSC”) (Note 11).
      Pursuant to the extraordinary meeting of stockholders of Indonusa on October 29, 2003, Indonusa agreed to convert its payable to the Company amounting to Rp13,500 million to 1,350,000 shares of Indonusa. Following such conversion, the Company’s ownership in Indonusa increased from 88.08% to 90.39%.
      The Company purchased 5.29% of Indonusa’s shares from PT Megacell Media for Rp4,000 million, thereby increasing the Company’s ownership interest from 90.39% to 95.68% after the settlement of payment on November 22, 2005.
PT Telekomunikasi Selular (“Telkomsel”)
      Telkomsel is engaged in providing telecommunications facilities and mobile cellular services using Global System for Mobile Communication (“GSM”) technology on a nationwide basis.
      The Company’s cross-ownership transaction with Indosat in 2001 increased the Company’s ownership interest in Telkomsel to 77.72%.
      On April 3, 2002, the Company entered into a Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement (“CSPA”) with Singapore Telecom Mobile Pte. Ltd. (“Singtel”). Pursuant to the agreement, the Company sold 23,223 ordinary registered shares of Telkomsel, representing 12.72% of the issued and paid-up capital of Telkomsel for a total consideration of US$429.0 million (equivalent to Rp3,948,945 million). This transaction reduced the Company’s ownership in Telkomsel from 77.72% to 65%.
PT Napsindo Primatel Internasional (“Napsindo”)
      Napsindo is engaged in providing “Network Access Point” (NAP), “Voice Over Data” (VOD) and other related services.
      Based on the notarial deed No. 47 dated December 30, 2002 of Notary H. Yunardi, S.H., the Company purchased 28% of Napsindo’s shares from PT Info Asia Sukses Makmur Mandiri for US$4.9 million (equivalent to Rp43,620 million), thereby increasing the Company’s ownership interest from 32% to 60% after the settlement of payment on January 28, 2003.
PT Infomedia Nusantara (“Infomedia”)
      Infomedia is engaged in providing telecommunications information services and other information services in the form of print and electronic media. In 2002, Infomedia established a new line of business to provide call center services.
PT Pro Infokom Indonesia (“PII”)
      On January 29, 2003, the Company together with PT Indonesia Comnets Plus, a subsidiary of Perusahaan Perseroan (Persero) PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (“PLN”), and PT Prima Infokom Indonesia established PT Pro Infokom Indonesia (“PII”). The establishment was notarized by deed of

F-19

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
A. Partomuan Pohan, S.H., LLM., notary in Jakarta, under Article of Association No. 24, dated January 29, 2003.
      PII was established to develop a national information network system as the back-bone for the development of the Indonesian e-Government. PII was intended to maximize the utilization of both the Company’s and PLN’s existing infrastructures.
      On January 20, 2005, the Company sold its entire 51% equity interest in PII to PT Prima Infokom Indonesia for Rp471 million. The revenues and expenses of PII as well as the related loss on the sale of the subsidiary were not significant to the consolidated statement of income.
Telekomunikasi Selular Finance Limited (“TSFL”)
      Telkomsel has 100% direct ownership interest in TSFL, a company established in Mauritius on April 22, 2002. TSFL’s objective is to raise funds for the development of Telkomsel’s business through the issuance of debenture stock, bonds, mortgages or any other securities.
Telkomsel Finance B.V. (“TFBV”)
      TFBV, a wholly owned subsidiary of Telkomsel, was established in Amsterdam (the Netherlands) on February 7, 2005, for the purpose of borrowing, lending and raising funds, including issuance of bonds, promissory notes or debt instruments.
Aria West International Finance B.V. (“AWI BV”)
      AWI BV, a company established in the Netherlands, is a wholly owned subsidiary of AWI. AWI BV is engaged in rendering services in the field of trade and finance.
PT Balebat Dedikasi Prima (“Balebat”)
      Infomedia has 51.33% direct ownership interest in Balebat, a company engaged in the printing business, domiciled in Bogor.
d. Authorization of the financial statements
      The consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on June 8, 2006.
2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
      The consolidated financial statements of the Company and subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Indonesia (“Indonesian GAAP”). Indonesian GAAP varies in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). Information relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented in Note 54.

F-20

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
a. Basis for preparation of financial statements
      The consolidated financial statements, except for the statements of cash flows, are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting. The measurement basis used is historical cost, except for certain accounts recorded on the basis described in the related accounting policies.
      The consolidated statements of cash flows are prepared using the direct method and present the changes in cash and cash equivalents from operating, investing and financing activities.
      Figures in the consolidated financial statements are rounded to and presented in millions of Indonesian Rupiah (“Rp”), unless otherwise stated.
b. Principles of consolidation
      The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries in which the Company directly or indirectly has ownership of more than 50%, or the Company has the ability to control the entity, even though the ownership is less than or equal to 50%. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which effective control is obtained and are no longer consolidated from the date of disposal.
      All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
c. Transactions with related parties
      The Company and subsidiaries have transactions with related parties. The definition of related parties used is in accordance with Indonesian Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“PSAK”) No. 7, “Related Party Disclosures.”
d. Acquisitions of subsidiaries
      The acquisition of a subsidiary from a third party is accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. Intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination are amortized over their respective contractual lives. The excess of the acquisition cost over the Company’s interest in the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill and amortized using the straight-line method over a period of not more than five years.
      The Company continually assesses whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that would require revision of the remaining estimated useful life of intangible assets and goodwill, or whether there is any indication of impairment. If any indication of impairment exists, the recoverable amount of intangible assets and goodwill is estimated based on the expected future cash flows which are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.
      The acquisition transaction with entities under common control is accounted for in a manner similar to that in pooling of interests accounting (carryover basis). The difference between the consideration paid or received and the related historical carrying amount, after considering income tax effects, is recognized directly in equity and reported as “Difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control” in the stockholders’ equity section (See Note 4).

F-21

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
e. Foreign currency translation
      The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the Indonesian Rupiah and the books of accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries are maintained in Indonesian Rupiah. Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into Indonesian Rupiah at the rates of exchange prevailing at transaction date. At the balance sheet date, monetary assets and monetary liability balances denominated in foreign currencies are translated into Indonesian Rupiah based on the buy and sell rates quoted by Reuters prevailing at the balance sheet date. The Reuters buy and sell rates, applied respectively to translate monetary assets and monetary liability balances, were Rp9,280 and Rp9,300 to US$1 as of December 31, 2004, and Rp9,825 and Rp9,835 to US$1 as of December 31, 2005.
      The resulting foreign exchange gains or losses, realized and unrealized, are credited or charged to income of the current year, except for foreign exchange differences incurred on borrowings during the construction of qualifying assets which are capitalized to the extent that the borrowings can be attributed to the construction of those qualifying assets (Note 2k).
f. Cash and cash equivalents
      Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and in banks and all unrestricted time deposits with maturities of not more than three months from the date of placement.
g. Investments
i. Time deposits
      Time deposits with maturities of more than three months are presented as temporary investments.
ii. Investments in securities
      Investments in available-for-sale securities are stated at fair value. Unrealized holding gains or losses on available-for-sale securities are excluded from income of the current year and are reported as a separate component in the stockholders’ equity section until realized. Realized gains or losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities are recognized in the income of the current year, and are determined on a specific-identification basis. A decline in the fair value of any available-for-sale securities below cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary is charged to income of the current year.
iii. Investments in associated companies
      Investments in shares of stock in which the Company has 20% to 50% of the voting rights, and over which the Company exerts significant influence, but not control, over the financial and operating policies are accounted for using the equity method. Under this method, the Company recognizes the Company’s proportionate share in the income or loss of the associated company from the date that significant influence commences until the date that significant influence ceases. When the Company’s share of loss exceeds the carrying amount of the associated company, the carrying amount is reduced to nil and recognition of further losses is discontinued except to the extent that the Company has guaranteed obligations of the associated company or committed to provide further financial support to the associated company.

F-22

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      On a continuous basis, but no less frequently than at the end of each year, the Company evaluates the carrying amount of its ownership interests in investee companies for possible impairment. Factors considered in assessing whether an indication of other-than-temporary impairment exists include the achievement of business plan objectives and milestones including cash flow projections and the results of planned financing activities, the financial condition and prospects of each investee company, the fair value of the ownership interest relative to the carrying amount of the investment, the period of time the fair value of the ownership interest has been below the carrying amount of the investment and other relevant factors. Impairment to be recognized is measured based on the amount by which the carrying amount of the investment exceeds the fair value of the investment. Fair value is determined based on quoted market prices (if any), projected discounted cash flows or other valuation techniques as appropriate.
      Changes in the value of investments due to changes in the equity of associated companies arising from capital transactions of such associated companies with other parties are recognized directly in equity and are reported as “Difference due to change of equity in associated companies” in the stockholders’ equity section. Differences previously credited directly to equity as a result of equity transactions in associated companies are released to the statement of income upon the sale of an interest in the associate in proportion with percentage of the interest sold.
      The functional currency of PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara and PT Citra Sari Makmur is the U.S. Dollar. For the purpose of reporting these investments using the equity method, the assets and liabilities of these companies as of the balance sheet date are translated into Indonesian Rupiah using the rates of exchange prevailing at that date, while revenues and expenses are translated into Indonesian Rupiah at the average rates of exchange for the year. The resulting translation adjustments are reported as part of “Translation adjustment” in the stockholders’ equity section.
iv. Other investments
      Investments in shares of stock with ownership interests of less than 20% that do not have readily determinable fair values and are intended for long-term investments are carried at cost and are adjusted only for other-than-temporary decline in the value of individual investments. Any such write-down is charged directly to income of the current year.
h. Trade and other accounts receivable
      Trade and other accounts receivable are recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, based upon a review of the collectibility of the outstanding amounts at the end of the year. Accounts are written off against the allowance during the period in which they are determined to be not collectible.
      Trade and other accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable. The Company determines the allowance based on historical write-off experience. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts monthly. Past due balances over 90 days for retail customers are fully provided, and past due balance for non-retail customers over a specified amount are reviewed individually for collectibility. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

F-23

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
i. Inventories
      Inventories, principally consist of components and modules, which are transferred to Property, Plant and Equipment upon use. Inventories also include Subscriber Identification Module (“SIM”) card, Removable User Identity Module (“RUIM”) card and prepaid voucher blanks.
      Cost is determined using the weighted average method for components, SIM card, RUIM card and prepaid voucher blanks, and the specific-identification method for modules.
      Allowance for obsolescence is primarily based on the estimated forecast of future usage of these items.
j. Prepaid expenses
      Prepaid expenses are amortized over their beneficial periods using the straight-line method.
k. Property, plant and equipment — direct acquisitions
      Property, plant and equipment directly acquired are stated at cost, except for certain revalued assets, less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
      Property, plant and equipment, except land, are depreciated using the straight-line method, based on the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
     
    Years
     
Buildings
   20
Switching equipment
   5-15
Telegraph, telex and data communication equipment
   5-15
Transmission installation and equipment
   5-20
Satellite, earth station and equipment
   3-15
Cable network
   5-15
Power supply
   3-10
Data processing equipment
   3-10
Other telecommunications peripherals
   5
Office equipment
   3-5
Vehicles
   5-8
Other equipment
   5
      Land is stated at cost and is not depreciated.
      When the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable amount, the asset is written down to its estimated recoverable amount, which is determined based upon the greater of its net selling price or value in use.
      The cost of maintenance and repairs is expensed as incurred. Expenditures, which extend the useful life of the asset or result in increased future economic benefits such as increase in capacity or improvement in the quality of output or standard of performance, are capitalized and depreciated based on the applicable depreciation rates.

F-24

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, their carrying values and the related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the consolidated financial statements, and the resulting gains or losses on the disposal or sale of property, plant and equipment are recognized in the statement of income.
      Computer software used for data processing is included in the value of the associated hardware.
      Property under construction is stated at cost until construction is complete, at which time it is reclassified to the specific property, plant and equipment account to which it relates. During the construction period, borrowing costs, which include interest expense and foreign exchange differences incurred to finance the construction of the asset, are capitalized in proportion to the average amount of accumulated expenditures during the period. Capitalization of borrowing cost ceases when the assets are ready for its intended use.
l. Property, plant and equipment under capital leases
      Property, plant and equipment acquired under capital leases are stated at the present value of minimum lease payments. At inception of the lease, a corresponding liability, which equals to the present value of minimum lease payments, is also recorded and subsequently reduced by the principal component of each minimum lease payment. The interest component of each minimum lease payment is recognized in the statement of income.
      Leased assets are capitalized only if all of the following criteria are met: (a) the lessee has an option to purchase the leased asset at the end of the lease period at a price agreed upon at the inception of the lease agreement, and (b) the sum of periodic lease payments, plus the residual value, will cover the acquisition price of the leased asset and related interest, and (c) there is a minimum lease period of at least 2 years.
      Leased assets are depreciated using the same method and over the same estimated useful lives used for directly acquired property, plant and equipment.
m. Revenue-sharing arrangements
      The Company records assets under revenue-sharing agreements as “Property, plant and equipment under revenue-sharing arrangements” (with a corresponding initial credit to “Unearned income on revenue-sharing arrangements” presented in the Liabilities section of the balance sheet) based on the costs incurred by the investors as agreed upon in the contracts entered into between the Company and the investors. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method.
      Unearned income related to the acquisition of the property, plant and equipment under revenue-sharing arrangements is amortized over the revenue-sharing period using the straight-line method.
      At the end of the revenue-sharing period, the respective property, plant and equipment under revenue-sharing arrangements are reclassified to the “Property, plant and equipment” account.
      Revenue earned under revenue-sharing arrangements is recognized on the basis of the Company’s share as provided in the agreement.

F-25

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
n. Joint operation schemes
      Revenues from joint operation schemes include amortization of the investor’s initial payments, Minimum Telkom Revenues (“MTR”) and the Company’s share of Distributable KSO Revenues (“DKSOR”).
      Unearned initial investor payments received as compensation from the KSO Investors are presented net of all direct costs incurred in connection with the KSO agreement and are amortized using the straight-line method over the KSO period of 15 years starting from January 1, 1996.
      MTR are recognized on a monthly basis, based upon the contracted MTR amount for the current year, in accordance with the KSO agreement.
      The Company’s share of DKSOR is recognized on the basis of the Company’s percentage share of the KSO revenues, net of MTR and operational expenses of the KSO Units, as provided in the KSO agreements.
      Under PSAK No. 39, “Accounting for Joint Operation Schemes”, which supersedes paragraph 14 of PSAK No. 35, “Accounting for Telecommunication Services Revenue”, the assets built by the KSO Investors under the Joint Operation Schemes are recorded in the books of the KSO Investors which operate the assets and are transferred to the Company at the end of the KSO period or upon termination of the KSO agreement.
o. Deferred charges for landrights
      Costs incurred to process and extend the landrights are deferred and amortized using the straight-line method over the term of the landrights.
p. Revenue and expense recognition
i. Fixed line telephone revenues
      Revenues from fixed line installations are recognized at the time the installations are placed in service. Revenues from usage charges are recognized as customers incur the charges.
ii. Cellular and fixed wireless telephone revenues
      Revenues from service connections (connection fees) are recognized as income at the time the connections occur. Revenues from airtime (for cellular) and monthly subscription charges are recognized as accessed and as earned. Revenues from prepaid card customers, which consist of the sale of starter packs, also known as SIM cards in the case of cellular and RUIM in the case of fixed wireless telephone, and pulse reload vouchers, are recognized as follows:
        1. Sale of starter packs is recognized as revenue upon delivery of the starter packs to distributors, dealers or directly to customers.
 
        2. Sale of pulse reload vouchers is recognized initially as unearned income and recognized proportionately as revenue based on successful calls made by the subscribers or whenever the unused stored value of the voucher has expired.

F-26

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
iii. Interconnection revenues
      Revenues from network interconnection with other domestic and international telecommunications carriers are recognized as incurred and are presented net of interconnection expenses.
      Expenses are recognized on an accrual basis.
q. Employee benefits
i. Pension and post-retirement health care benefit plans
      The Company’s net obligations in respect of the defined pension benefit and post-retirement health care benefit plans are calculated at the present value of estimated future benefits that the employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods, deducted by any plan assets. The calculation is performed by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method.
ii. Long service awards (“LSA”)
      The Company’s employees are entitled to receive certain cash awards based on length of service requirement. The benefits are either paid at the time the employee reaches certain anniversary dates during employment, upon retirement or at the time of termination.
      The Company’s obligation with respect to LSA is calculated by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method.
iii. Early retirement benefits
      Early retirement benefits are accrued at the time the Company makes a commitment to provide early retirement benefits as a result of an offer made in order to encourage voluntary redundancy. The Company is demonstrably committed to a termination when, and only when, the Company has a detailed formal plan for the early retirement and is without realistic possibility of withdrawal.
r. Income tax
      The Company and subsidiaries apply the asset and liability method of accounting for income tax. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences between the financial and tax bases of assets and liabilities at each reporting date. This method also requires the recognition of future tax benefits, such as the benefit of tax loss carryforwards, to the extent their realization is probable. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates at each reporting date which are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
      Income tax is charged or credited in the statement of income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, such as difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control (Note 2d) and effect of foreign currency translation adjustment for certain investments in associated companies (Note 2g.iii), in which case income tax is also charged or credited directly to equity.

F-27

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
s. Earnings per share and earnings per American Depositary Share (“ADS”)
      Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. Net income per ADS is computed by multiplying basic earnings per share by 40, the number of shares represented by each ADS.
t. Segment information
      The Company and its subsidiaries’ segment information is presented based upon identified business segments. A business segment is a distinguishable unit that provides different products and services and is managed separately. Business segment information is consistent with operating information routinely reported to the Company’s chief operating decision maker.
      Segment information is prepared in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the consolidated financial statements.
u. Derivative instruments
      Derivative transactions are accounted for in accordance with PSAK 55, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” which requires that all derivative instruments be recognized in the financial statements at fair value. To qualify for hedge accounting, PSAK 55 requires certain criteria to be met, including documentation required to have been in place at the inception of the hedge.
      Changes in fair value of derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recognized in the statement of income. If a derivative instrument is designated and qualify for hedge accounting, changes in fair value of derivative instruments are recorded as adjustments to the assets or liabilities being hedged in the income of the current year or in the stockholders’ equity, depending on the type of hedge transaction represented and the effectiveness of the hedge.
v. Use of estimates
      The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, valuation allowance for receivables and obligations related to employee benefits. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
3.  TRANSLATION OF RUPIAH INTO UNITED STATES DOLLARS
      The consolidated financial statements are stated in Indonesian Rupiah. The translations of Indonesian Rupiah amounts into United States Dollars are included solely for the convenience of the readers and have been made using the average of the market buy and sell rates of Rp9,830 to US$1 published by Reuters on December 31, 2005. The convenience translations should not be construed as representations that the Indonesian Rupiah amounts have been, could have been, or could in the future be, converted into United States Dollars at this or any other rate of exchange.

F-28

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
4.  CHANGES IN METHODS OF ACCOUNTING
a. Employee Benefits
      In June 2004, the Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards Board issued PSAK No. 24 (Revised 2004), “Employee Benefits” (PSAK 24R), which is a revision of PSAK No. 24, “Accounting for Pension Benefits.” PSAK 24R changes, for the Company, the method of accounting for its employee benefit plans by requiring the vested portion of prior service cost be immediately recognized and that the cumulative unrecognized actuarial gain or loss exceeding ten percent of the greater of the present value of the projected benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets be amortized over the expected average remaining working lives of the employees participating in the plan.
      PSAK 24R requires the Company to adopt its provisions retrospectively as of January 1, 2004, (the “Transition Date”) by way of the recognition of: (i) a liability computed in accordance with the provisions of PSAK 24R determined as of the Transition Date (the “Transition Liability”) and (ii) the difference between the Transition Liability and the liability previously recognized for employee benefits as of the same date pursuant to then in effect accounting standards, as a cumulative effect of a change in method of accounting in stockholders’ equity. Accordingly, the Company has restated its accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of the Transition Date by increasing its liability for employee benefits previously reported by Rp3,218,724 million with a corresponding decrease in consolidated stockholders’ equity of Rp2,618,665 million, net of tax of Rp600,059 million. In addition, the adoption of PSAK 24R effective as of January 1, 2004, has resulted in an increase to previously reported net income for the year ended December 31, 2004 in the amount of Rp485,359 million, net of tax of Rp175,454 million.
      The effects of this restatement on previously reported consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2004 for the application of PSAK 24R is summarized below. This restatement had no net effect on previously reported net cash provided by operating activities, net cash used in investing activities and net cash used in financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
                   
    As    
    Previously    
    Reported   As Restated
         
Balance sheet:
                
 
Assets:
                
 
Prepaid pension benefit costs
     91,262       1,362  
 
Total non-current assets
     47,065,158       46,975,258  
 
Total assets
     56,269,092       56,179,192  
 
Liabilities:
                
 
Deferred income tax liabilities — net
     3,352,171       2,927,567  
 
Accrued long service awards
     572,303       449,841  
 
Accrued post-retirement health care benefits
     1,841,146       2,983,707  
 
Accrued pension and other post-retirement benefits costs
     32,007       1,479,918  
 
Total non-current liabilities
     19,392,276       21,435,682  

F-29

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                   
    As    
    Previously    
    Reported   As Restated
         
 
Stockholders’ equity:
                
 
Retained earnings — unappropriated
     19,139,393       17,006,087  
 
Total stockholders’ equity
     20,261,342       18,128,036  
Statement of income:
                
 
Operating expenses — personnel
     5,570,778       4,909,965  
 
Total operating expenses
     20,020,699       19,359,886  
 
Operating income
     13,927,067       14,587,880  
 
Income before tax
     12,088,582       12,749,395  
 
Tax expense
     4,003,072       4,178,526  
 
Net income
     6,129,209       6,614,568  
 
Net income per share — in full Rupiah amount
     304.03       328.10  
 
Net income per ADS — in full Rupiah amount
     12,161.13       13,124.14  
b. Restructuring Transactions Between Entities Under Common Control
      In July 2004, the Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards Board issued PSAK No. 38 (Revised 2004), “Accounting for Restructuring Transactions between Entities under Common Control,” (“PSAK 38R”). PSAK 38R changes the Company’s method of accounting for previously recorded restructuring transactions between entities under common control when certain conditions are met. The provisions of PSAK 38R were effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2005, the initial application date.
      Pursuant to a ruling issued by the Indonesian Capital Market and Financial Institution Supervisory Agency (“BAPEPAM”) regarding the initial application of PSAK 38R by public entities, the Company is required to reclassify the previously recorded difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control as a direct adjustment to retained earnings as of the initial application date when the common control relationship between the transacting parties no longer exists as of January 1, 2005.
      As discussed in Note 29, the difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control as of January 1, 2005 amounting to Rp7,288,271 million arose from transactions between the Company and Indosat, which at the time of the transactions was also controlled by the Government and therefore was an entity under common control with the Company. This common control relationship ceased to exist in December 2002 when the Government sold its 41.94% ownership interest in Indosat to STT Communications Ltd. (“STTC”) and waived its special voting rights with respect to the Series A Dwiwarna share. In accordance with the BAPEPAM ruling, the Company has reclassified the difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control resulting from the cross-ownership transactions and acquisition of Pramindo as a charge to retained earnings as of January 1, 2005. This reclassification has no effect on net consolidated stockholders’ equity.

F-30

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
5.  ACQUISITION OF KSO INVESTORS AND KSO IV
a. Dayamitra
      In connection with the acquisition of 90.32% of the shares of Dayamitra on May 17, 2001, the Company also entered into the following agreements:
      1. Option Agreement
      The Company entered into an Option Agreement with TM Communications (HK) Ltd (“TMC”), providing the Company with an option to acquire the remaining 9.68% equity interest in Dayamitra, referred to as the Option Share. Under the agreement, TMC, the selling stockholder, granted the Company an exclusive option to purchase full and legal title to the Option Share (the “Call Option”), and the Company granted the selling stockholder an exclusive option to sell to the Company full legal title to those shares (the “Put Option”).
      In consideration for the grant of the options, the Company paid to the selling stockholder the option purchase price of US$6.3 million plus US$1 million as payment for Dayamitra’s adjusted working capital, or a total of US$7.3 million. The amount was payable in eight quarterly installments of US$0.9 million beginning on August 17, 2001 and ending on May 17, 2003. Payments were made through an escrow account established under the Escrow Agreement discussed below.
      The Company was entitled to exercise the option any time after Dayamitra satisfied all of its obligations under the JBIC (formerly J-Exim) loan beginning on May 17, 2003 and until five business days prior to March 26, 2006. The strike price payable by the Company to the selling stockholder for the Option Shares upon exercise of the option was US$16.2 million less certain amounts that are stipulated in the Option Agreement.
      Dayamitra repaid the JBIC loan and the JBIC loan agreement was terminated on March 25, 2003.
      On December 14, 2004, the Company exercised the option by entering into a Sale and Purchase Agreement to acquire TMC’s 9.68% outstanding shares in Dayamitra with the strike price of US$16.2 million which the payment will be due on March 26, 2006. Payment of the strike price will be made through an escrow account established under the Escrow Agreement discussed below. The Company is required to deposit US$12.6 million (representing the strike price of US$16.2 million less funds available in the escrow account on November 30, 2004 of US$2.4 million and withholding tax of US$1.2 million) in sixteen monthly installments of US$0.8 million beginning on December 26, 2004 through March 26, 2006.
      The purchase price for 9.68% outstanding shares of Dayamitra was US$22.1 million or equivalent to Rp203,028 million which represents the present value of the option strike price (US$16.2 million) using a discount rate of 7.5% at the acquisition date plus the option purchase price (US$6.3 million) and payment for Dayamitra’s adjusted working capital (US$1 million). This additional acquisition resulted in intangible assets of Rp231,477 million. The amount is being amortized over the then remaining term of the KSO agreement of 6 years (Note 15). There was no goodwill arising from this additional acquisition. Had this acquisition taken place on January 1 of the previous year, consolidated net income would not have been significantly different from the reported amounts.
      As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the remaining option strike price to be paid to TMC, before unamortized discount, amounted to US$15.0 million (equivalent Rp139,752 million) and

F-31

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
US$15.0 million (equivalent Rp147,791 million) and is presented as “Liabilities of business acquisitions” (Note 25). As of March 27, 2006, the option strike price has been fully repaid.
      2. Escrow Agreement
      An Escrow Agreement dated May 17, 2001, was entered into by and among the Company, Dayamitra, PT Intidaya Sistelindomitra (“Intidaya”), Cable and Wireless plc (“C&W plc”), PT Mitracipta Sarananusa (“Mitracipta”), TMC, Tomen Corporation (“Tomen”), Citibank N.A. Singapore (the Singapore Escrow Agent) and Citibank N.A. Jakarta (the Jakarta Escrow Agent), to establish an Escrow Account and facilitate the payment (Note 16).
b. Pramindo
      On April 19, 2002, the Company and the stockholders of Pramindo, namely France Cables et Radio SA, PT Astratel Nusantara, Indosat, Marubeni Corporation, International Finance Corporation (“IFC”) and NMP Singapore Pte. Ltd. (“NMP Singapore”) (collectively the “Selling Stockholders”) entered into a Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement (“CSPA”) pursuant to which the Company acquired all of Pramindo’s shares. The Selling Stockholders shares were transferred to an escrow account (hereafter referred as “escrow shares”).
      Legal title to the escrow shares was transferred to the Company in three specific tranches on September 15, 2002 — 30%, September 30, 2003 — 15% and on December 31, 2004 — 55% upon payment of the promissory notes issued to the Selling Stockholders as payment for the acquisition of the shares. The escrow shares can be accessed by the Selling Stockholders only upon default on payment of the promissory notes by the Company, and no dividends can be paid out until the arrangements between the parties are completed or terminated in accordance with the terms of the relevant agreements.
      The Company and the Selling Stockholders also entered into a Stockholders Voting Agreement (“SVA”) on August 15, 2002, pursuant to which each stockholder of Pramindo delivered to the Company a Power of Attorney (“PoA”) whereby the Company obtained the right to vote the escrow shares. The Company thereby acquired the right to nominate all of the members of the Board of Directors and Board of Commissioners of Pramindo. The SVA is subject to certain reserve matters which serve as protective rights to the Selling Stockholders.
      The aggregate purchase price amounted to US$390.3 million (Rp3,464,040 million) plus Rp250,000 million, represented by an initial payment of approximately US$9.3 million (Rp82,218 million), consultants’ fees of US$5.9 million (Rp52,818 million), working capital reimbursement of Rp250,000 million, and the issue by the Company of Promissory Notes (series I and series II) with an aggregate face value of US$375.1 million, of which the present value at the discount rate of 8.76% at the effective date of the acquisition was estimated to be US$332.8 million (Rp2,953,617 million). The series I promissory notes are non-interest bearing and the series II promissory notes carry a market interest rate. The Promissory Notes are to be paid in 10 unequal quarterly installments beginning September 15, 2002 and are irrevocable, unconditional and transferable.
      The total purchase consideration was allocated first to the net monetary assets and then the fixed assets acquired. An intangible asset of Rp2,752,267 million was identified representing the right to operate the business in the KSO Area. The amount is being amortized over the then remaining term of the KSO agreement of 8.4 years (Note 15). There was no goodwill arising from this acquisition.

F-32

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      In addition, the portion that relates to Indosat’s 13% equity interest in Pramindo has been accounted for as a restructuring of entities under common control (Note 29). On the acquisition date, the difference between the purchase consideration and the historical amount of the net assets acquired amounting to Rp296,038 million was included as “Difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control” in the stockholders’ equity section (see Note 29) and was calculated as follows:
         
    Rp
     
Purchase consideration — net of discount on promissory notes
     3,338,653  
Historical amount of net assets
     1,061,437  
       
Difference in value for 100% ownership
     2,277,216  
       
Difference adjusted to stockholders’ equity for Indosat’s 13% ownership in Pramindo
     296,038  
       
      The Company acquired control of Pramindo on August 15, 2002 and has consequently consolidated Pramindo from August 1, 2002 being the nearest convenient balance date.
      The allocation of the acquisition cost was as follows:
           
    Rp
     
Purchase consideration — net of discount on promissory notes
     3,338,653  
       
Fair value of net assets acquired:
        
 
- Cash and cash equivalents
     141,475  
 
- Distributable KSO revenue receivable
     187,468  
 
- Other current assets
     13,839  
 
- Property, plant and equipment
     1,807,338  
 
- Intangible assets
     2,752,267  
 
- Other non-current assets
     160,139  
 
- Current liabilities
     (284,120 )
 
- Deferred tax liabilities
     (1,115,645 )
 
- Non-current liabilities
     (620,146 )
       
Fair value of net assets
     3,042,615  
Difference adjusted to equity for 13% Indosat’s ownership in Pramindo
     296,038  
       
Total purchase consideration
     3,338,653  
       
      Net cash outflow on the acquisition of Pramindo amounted to Rp243,561 million.
      On January 28, 2004, the Company obtained a loan to finance the payment of the outstanding promissory notes issued for the acquisition of Pramindo (Note 20b). On March 15, 2004, the Company repaid the remaining balance of these promissory notes and legal title to all of Pramindo’s shares has been completely transferred to the Company.

F-33

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
c. AWI
      Effective on July 31, 2003 (the “closing date”), the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding common stock of AWI, the investor in KSO III, for approximately Rp1,141,752 million plus the assumption of AWI’s debts of Rp2,577,926 million. The purchase consideration included non-interest bearing promissory notes with a face value of US$109.1 million (Rp927,272 million), of which the present value at the discount rate of 5.16% at the closing date was estimated to be US$92.7 million (Rp788,322 million). The promissory notes are to be paid in 10 equal semi-annual installments beginning July 31, 2004.
      The acquisition of AWI has been accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. There was no goodwill arising from this acquisition. The following table summarizes the final purchase price allocation of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities based on estimates of their respective fair values at the closing date:
         
    Rp
     
Distributable KSO revenue receivable
     540,267  
Property, plant and equipment
     1,556,269  
Intangible assets
     1,982,564  
Other assets
     34,372  
Deferred tax liabilities
     (393,794 )
       
Fair value of net assets acquired
     3,719,678  
Borrowings assumed
     (2,577,926 )
       
Amount of cash and promissory notes given up
     1,141,752  
       
      Intangible assets identified from this acquisition represent right to operate the business in the KSO area and the amount is being amortized over the then remaining term of the KSO agreement of 7.4 years (Note 15).
      The Company’s consolidated results of operations include the operating results of AWI since July 31, 2003, the date of acquisition.
      The outstanding promissory notes issued for the acquisition of AWI are presented as “Liabilities of business acquisitions” in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 (Note 25). As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the outstanding promissory notes, before unamortized discount, amounted to US$98.2 million (Rp913,091 million) and US$76.4 million (Rp751,036 million), respectively.
      The allocation of the acquisition cost described above was based on an independent appraisal of fair values.
d. Amendment of the Joint Operation Scheme in Regional Division IV (“KSO IV”)
      On January 20, 2004, the Company and PT Mitra Global Telekomunikasi Indonesia (“MGTI”), the investor in KSO IV, entered into an agreement to amend and restate their joint operation agreement

F-34

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
(“KSO agreement”). The principal provisions in the original KSO agreement that have been amended are:
  • The rights to operate fixed-line telecommunications services are transferred to the Company, where KSO IV is operated under the management, supervision, control and responsibility of the Company.
 
  • Responsibilities for funding construction of new telecommunication facilities and payments of operating expenses incurred in KSO IV are assigned to the Company.
 
  • Risk of loss from damages or destruction of assets operated by KSO IV is transferred to the Company.
 
  • At the end of the KSO period (December 31, 2010), all rights, title and interest of MGTI in existing property, plant and equipment (including new additional installations) and inventories shall be transferred to the Company at no cost.
 
  • The Company’s rights to receive Minimum Telkom Revenues (“MTR”) and share in Distributable KSO Revenues (“DKSOR”) under the original KSO agreement were amended so that MGTI receives fixed monthly payments (“Fixed Investor Revenues”) beginning in February 2004 through December 2010 totaling US$517.1 million and the Company is entitled to the balance of KSO revenues net of operating expenses and payments to MGTI for Fixed Investor Revenues. In addition, payments for Fixed Investor Revenues must be made to MGTI before any payments can be made to the Company.
 
  • In the event funds in KSO IV are insufficient to pay Fixed Investor Revenues to MGTI, the Company is required to pay the shortfall to MGTI.
      As a result of the amendment of the KSO agreement, the Company obtained the legal right to control financial and operating decisions of KSO IV. Accordingly, the Company has accounted for this transaction as a business combination using the purchase method of accounting.
      The purchase price for this transaction was approximately US$390.7 million or equivalent to Rp3,285,362 million which represents the present value of fixed monthly payments (totaling US$517.1 million) to be paid to MGTI beginning in February 2004 through December 2010 using a discount rate of 8.3% plus direct cost of the business combination. The allocation of the acquisition cost was as follows:
         
    Rp
     
Property, plant and equipment
     2,377,134  
Intangible assets
     908,228  
       
Total purchase consideration
     3,285,362  
       
      The allocation of the acquisition cost described above was based on an independent appraisal of fair values. Intangible assets identified from this acquisition represent right to operate the business in the KSO area and the amount is being amortized over the remaining term of the KSO agreement of 6.9 years (Note 15). There was no goodwill arising from this acquisition.

F-35

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      The Company’s consolidated results of operations include the operating results of KSO IV since February 1, 2004 being the nearest convenient balance date.
      As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the remaining monthly payments to be made to MGTI, before unamortized discount, amounted to US$462.9 million (Rp4,305,125 million) and US$393.3 million (Rp3,868,433 million) and is presented as “Liabilities of business acquisitions” (Note 25).
e. Pro forma operating results related to acquisition of KSO investors and KSO IV
      The following unaudited pro forma financial information reflects the consolidated results of operations of the Company as if the acquisition of AWI and KSO IV had taken place on January 1, 2003. The pro forma information includes adjustments for amortization of intangible assets, depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment based on the allocated purchase price, interest expense on incremental borrowings and income taxes. The pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations as it would have been had the transactions been effected on the assumed dates or indicative of future operations.
                 
    Unaudited
     
    2003   2004
         
Operating revenues
     28,343,447       34,020,663  
Operating income
     11,687,955       13,916,465  
Income before tax
     11,399,321       12,071,780  
Net income
     6,509,255       6,117,619  
Net income per share — in full Rupiah amount
     322.88       303.45  
Net income per ADS — in full Rupiah amount
     12,915.19       12,138.13  
6.  CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
                       
    2004   2005
         
Cash on hand
     8,631       6,070  
             
Cash in banks
                
 
Related parties
                
   
Rupiah
                
     
Bank Mandiri
     192,056       89,128  
     
Bank Negara Indonesia
     158,519       54,590  
     
Bank Rakyat Indonesia
     10,712       5,095  
     
Bank Pos Nusantara
     1,278       879  
             
   
Total
     362,565       149,692  
             

F-36

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                       
    2004   2005
         
   
Foreign currencies
                
     
Bank Mandiri
     98,951       55,797  
     
Bank Negara Indonesia
     1,765       2,701  
     
Bank Rakyat Indonesia
     612       657  
             
   
Total
     101,328       59,155  
             
 
Total — related parties
     463,893       208,847  
             
 
Third parties
                
   
Rupiah
                
     
ABN AMRO Bank
     81,184       34,453  
     
Deutsche Bank
     9,173       15,954  
     
Bank Bukopin
     10,190       15,800  
     
Bank Central Asia
     5,906       8,398  
     
Citibank NA
     362       1,595  
     
Lippo Bank
     2,265       1,361  
     
Bank Mega
     689       1,321  
     
Bank Buana Indonesia
     45       1,189  
     
Bank Muamalat Indonesia
     75       601  
     
Bank Niaga
     1,884       498  
     
Bank Danamon
     114       324  
     
Bank Bumi Putra Indonesia
     —       242  
     
Bank Internasional Indonesia
     26       53  
             
   
Total
     111,913       81,789  
             
   
Foreign currencies
                
     
ABN AMRO Bank
     95       54,575  
     
Citibank NA
     4,416       5,737  
     
Deutsche Bank
     541       5,309  
     
Bank Central Asia
     39       142  
     
Standard Chartered Bank
     322       99  
     
Bank Internasional Indonesia
     31       30  
     
The Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi
     22       46  
             
   
Total
     5,466       65,938  
             
 
Total — third parties
     117,379       147,727  
             
Total cash in banks
     581,272       356,574  
             

F-37

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                       
    2004   2005
         
Time deposits
                
 
Related parties
                
   
Rupiah
                
     
Bank Mandiri
     794,371       1,510,009  
     
Bank Negara Indonesia
     206,195       660,915  
     
Bank Rakyat Indonesia
     231,805       246,415  
     
Bank Tabungan Negara
     75,960       132,455  
     
Bank Syariah Mandiri
     —       7,000  
             
   
Total
     1,308,331       2,556,794  
             
   
Foreign currencies
                
     
Bank Mandiri
     —       293,115  
     
Bank Negara Indonesia
     139,450       98  
     
Bank Rakyat Indonesia
     32,480       —  
             
   
Total
     171,930       293,213  
             
 
Total — related parties
     1,480,261       2,850,007  
             
 
Third parties
                
   
Rupiah
                
     
Citibank NA
     —       310,100  
     
Standard Chartered Bank
     698,750       177,800  
     
Bank Niaga
     102,787       109,565  
     
Bank Mega
     98,906       99,575  
     
Bank Bukopin
     98,710       89,255  
     
Bank Jabar
     89,648       85,590  
     
Bank Danamon
     61,115       63,915  
     
Bank NISP
     53,650       50,680  
     
Bank BTPN
     —       43,255  
     
Bank Bumi Putra Indonesia
     18,303       19,643  
     
Bank Syariah Mega Indonesia
     16,000       17,000  
     
Bank Muamalat Indonesia
     7,000       9,000  
     
Bank Yudha Bhakti
     —       6,000  
     
Bank Nusantara Parahyangan
     —       4,000  
     
ABN AMRO Bank
     11,000       —  
             
   
Total
     1,255,869       1,085,378  
             

F-38

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                       
    2004   2005
         
   
Foreign currencies
                
     
Deutsche Bank
     1,051,839       873,772  
     
Citibank NA
     —       202,883  
     
Standard Chartered Bank
     225,208       —  
     
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation
     253,043       —  
             
   
Total
     1,530,090       1,076,655  
             
 
Total — third parties
     2,785,959       2,162,033  
             
Total time deposits
     4,266,220       5,012,040  
             
Total cash and cash equivalents
     4,856,123       5,374,684  
             
      Range of interest rates per annum for time deposits is as follows:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Rupiah
     3.00%—9.50%       2.00%—14.50%  
Foreign currencies
     0.55%—1.95%       0.60%— 3.70%  
      The related parties which the Company places its funds are Government-owned banks. The Company places a majority of its cash and cash equivalents in these banks because they have the most extensive branch network in Indonesia and are considered to be financially sound banks as they are owned by the Government.
      Refer to Note 45 for details of related party transactions.
7.  TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
      Trade accounts receivable from related parties and third parties arise from services provided to both retail and non-retail customers.
a. By Debtor
      Related parties:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Government agencies
     289,644       432,982  
KSO Units
     145,810       111,599  
PT Citra Sari Makmur
     20,127       31,242  
PT Patra Telekomunikasi Indonesia
     8,824       2,921  
PT Aplikanusa Lintasarta
     8,780       437  
Others
     10,847       35,464  
             
Total
     484,032       614,645  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
     (64,928 )     (84,275 )
             
Net
     419,104       530,370  
             

F-39

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      Trade accounts receivable from certain related parties are presented net of the Company’s liabilities to such parties due to legal right of offset in accordance with agreements with those parties.
      Third parties:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Residential and business subscribers
     3,213,598       3,452,176  
Overseas international carriers
     143,539       196,756  
             
Total
     3,357,137       3,648,932  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
     (457,138 )     (601,393 )
             
Net
     2,899,999       3,047,539  
             
b. By Age
      Related parties:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Up to 6 months
     396,425       505,519  
7 to 12 months
     14,947       27,390  
13 to 24 months
     19,659       25,574  
More than 24 months
     53,001       56,162  
             
Total
     484,032       614,645  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
     (64,928 )     (84,275 )
             
Net
     419,104       530,370  
             
      Third parties:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Up to 3 months
     2,773,992       2,938,326  
More than 3 months
     583,145       710,606  
             
Total
     3,357,137       3,648,932  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
     (457,138 )     (601,393 )
             
Net
     2,899,999       3,047,539  
             

F-40

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
c. By Currency
      Related parties
                 
    2004   2005
         
Rupiah
     447,657       598,533  
United States Dollar
     36,375       16,112  
             
Total
     484,032       614,645  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
     (64,928 )     (84,275 )
             
Net
     419,104       530,370  
             
      Third parties
                 
    2004   2005
         
Rupiah
     3,198,875       3,444,914  
United States Dollar
     158,262       204,018  
             
Total
     3,357,137       3,648,932  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
     (457,138 )     (601,393 )
             
Net
     2,899,999       3,047,539  
             
d. Movements in the allowance for doubtful accounts
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Beginning balance
     502,989       443,892       522,066  
Additions
     296,099       342,895       478,005  
Bad debts write-off
     (355,196 )     (264,721 )     (314,403 )
                   
Ending balance
     443,892       522,066       685,668  
                   
      Management believes that the allowance for doubtful receivables is adequate to cover probable losses on uncollectible accounts.
      Except for the amounts receivable from Government Agencies, management believes that there are no significant concentrations of credit risk on these receivables.
      Refer to Note 45 for details of related party transactions.

F-41

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
8.  INVENTORIES
                 
    2004   2005
         
Components
     53,611       50,520  
Allowance for obsolescence
     (20,188 )     (8,605 )
             
Net
     33,423       41,915  
             
Modules
     88,259       103,520  
Allowance for obsolescence
     (34,063 )     (39,553 )
             
Net
     54,196       63,967  
             
SIM cards, RUIM cards and prepaid voucher blanks
     115,948       114,634  
Allowance for obsolescence
     (482 )     (189 )
             
Net
     115,466       114,445  
             
Total
     203,085       220,327  
             
      Movements in the allowance for obsolescence are as follows:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Beginning balance
     40,489       54,733  
Additions
     14,800       10,968  
Inventory write-off
     (556 )     (17,354 )
             
Ending balance
     54,733       48,347  
             
      Management believes that the allowance is adequate to cover probable losses from decline in inventory value due to obsolescence.
      At December 31, 2005, inventory held by a certain subsidiary was insured against fire, theft and other specified risks for US$0.6 million. Management believes that the insurance amount is adequate to cover such risks.
9.  PREPAID EXPENSES
                 
    2004   2005
         
Rental
     268,287       112,078  
Salary
     218,329       289,632  
Frequency license
     —       275,359  
Insurance
     98,485       66,449  
Telephone directory issuance cost
     27,246       26,527  
Other
     15,722       7,824  
             
Total
     628,069       777,869  
             

F-42

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
10.  OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
                 
    2004   2005
         
Restricted time deposits — Bank Mandiri
     44,608       159,537  
             
      As of December 31, 2004, the balance consists of the Company’s time deposits of US$4.6 million (Rp42,688 million) pledged as collateral for credit facility obtained by Napsindo (Note 20c) and Rp1,920 million pledged as collateral for bank guarantees.
      As of December 31, 2005, the balance consists of the Company’s time deposits of US$13.6 million (Rp133,926 million) and Rp25,611 million pledged as collateral for bank guarantees.
11.  LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS
                                                 
    2004
     
    Percentage of   Opening   Addition/   Equity in   Translation   Ending
    Ownership   Balance   (Deduction)   Net Income   Adjustment   Balance
                         
Equity method:
                                                
PT Citra Sari Makmur
     25.00       52,422       —       2,331       5,363       60,116  
PT Patra Telekomunikasi Indonesia
     30.00       11,332       —       1,089       —       12,421  
PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara
     43.69       —       —       —       —       —  
                                     
              63,754       —       3,420       5,363       72,537  
                                     
Cost method:
                                                
Bridge Mobile Pte. Ltd. 
     14.29       —       9,290       —       —       9,290  
PT Batam Bintan Telekomunikasi
     5.00       587       —       —       —       587  
PT Pembangunan Telekomunikasi Indonesia
     3.18       199       —       —       —       199  
PT Mandara Selular Indonesia
     3.63       —       —       —       —       —  
Medianusa Pte. Ltd. 
     —       108       (108 )     —       —       —  
                                     
              894       9,182       —       —       10,076  
                                     
              64,648       9,182       3,420       5,363       82,613  
                                     

F-43

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                                                 
    2005
     
    Percentage of   Opening       Equity in   Translation   Ending
    Ownership   Balance   Addition   Net Income   Adjustment   Balance
                         
Equity method:
                                                
PT Citra Sari Makmur
     25.00       60,116       —       2,480       3,658       66,254  
PT Patra Telekomunikasi Indonesia
     40.00       12,421       4,250       8,399               25,070  
PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara
     35.50       —       —       —       —       —  
                                     
              72,537       4,250       10,879       3,658       91,324  
                                     
Cost method:
                                                
Bridge Mobile Pte. Ltd. 
     12.50       9,290       —       —       —       9,290  
PT Batam Bintan Telekomunikasi
     5.00       587       —       —       —       587  
PT Pembangunan Telekomunikasi Indonesia
     3.18       199       —       —       —       199  
PT Mandara Selular Indonesia
     1.33       —       —       —       —       —  
                                     
              10,076       —       —       —       10,076  
                                     
              82,613       4,250       10,879       3,658       101,400  
                                     
a. PT Citra Sari Makmur (“CSM”)
      CSM is engaged in providing Very Small Aperture Terminal (“VSAT”), network application services and consulting services on telecommunications technology and related facilities.
      As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the carrying amount of investment in CSM was equal to the underlying equity in net assets of CSM.
b. PT Patra Telekomunikasi Indonesia (“Patrakom”)
      Patrakom is engaged in providing satellite communication system services and related services and facilities to companies in the petroleum industry.
      On August 26, 2005, the Company purchased 10% of Patrakom’s outstanding shares from Indosat for Rp4,250 million, thereby increasing the Company’s ownership interest from 30% to 40%.
      As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the carrying amount of investment in Patrakom was approximate to the underlying equity in net assets of Patrakom.
c. PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara (“PSN”)
      PSN is engaged in providing satellite transponder leasing and satellite-based communication services in the Asia Pacific region.
      As of December 31, 2001, the Company’s share of losses in PSN has exceeded the carrying amount of the investment. Accordingly, the investment has been reduced to zero.
      On August 8, 2003, as a result of share-swap transaction with CPSC, the Company’s interest in PSN effectively increased to 43.69%. The Company decided to increase its ownership interest in PSN as

F-44

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
part of the share-swap transactions that was premised on the Company’s assessment that PSN’s satellite services will allow it to capitalize on a government program which calls for the provision of telecommunication services to remote areas of Indonesia.
      In 2005, the Company’s ownership interest was diluted to 35.5% as a result of debt to equity conversions consummated by PSN.
d. Bridge Mobile Pte. Ltd
      On November 3, 2004, Telkomsel together with six other international mobile operators in Asia Pacific established Bridge Mobile Pte. Ltd. (Singapore), a company that is engaged in providing regional mobile services in the Asia Pacific region.
      Telkomsel contributed US$1.0 million (Rp9,290 million) which represents a 14.286% ownership interest.
      On April 14, 2005, Telkomsel’s ownership interest was diluted to 12.50% following issuance of new shares by Bridge Mobile Pte. Ltd to a new stockholder.
e. PT Batam Bintan Telekomunikasi (“BBT”)
      BBT is engaged in providing fixed line telecommunication services at Batamindo Industrial Park in Muka Kuning, Batam Island and at Bintan Beach International Resort and Bintan Industrial Estate in Bintan Island.
f. PT Pembangunan Telekomunikasi Indonesia (“Bangtelindo”)
      Bangtelindo is primarily engaged in providing consultancy services on the installation and maintenance of telecommunications facilities.
g. PT Mandara Selular Indonesia (“Mobisel”)
      Mobisel is engaged in providing mobile cellular services and related facilities. These services were previously provided by the Company under a revenue-sharing arrangement with PT Rajasa Hazanah Perkasa (“RHP”). The capital contribution made by the Company of Rp10,398 million represented a 25% equity ownership in Mobisel.
      As of December 31, 2002, the value of investment has been reduced to zero because the Company’s share of loss exceeded the carrying amount of investment in Mobisel.
      In July 2003 and January 2004, Mobisel carried out a series of debt to equity conversions resulting in dilution of the Company’s ownership interest to 6.4%.
      On December 20, 2004, Mobisel’s stockholders agreed to issue 306,000,000 new Series B shares to a new stockholder and an existing stockholder. The issuance of 306,000,000 new Series B shares resulted in dilution of the Company’s interest in Mobisel to 3.63%
      On May 27, 2005, the Company’s ownership interest was further diluted to 1.33% following the issuance of 1,179,418,253 new Series B shares by Mobisel.

F-45

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      On January 13, 2006, the Company sold its entire ownership interest in Mobisel to Twinwood Ventures Limited (third party) for Rp22,561 million (Note 53). The resulting gain on the sale was not significant to the consolidated statement of income.
h. Medianusa Pte. Ltd.
      Medianusa Pte. Ltd. is an associated company of Infomedia, which is engaged as a sales agent, in search of advertisers for telephone directories. On November 30, 2004, Infomedia sold its entire ownership in Medianusa Pte. Ltd. for SGD0.024 million (Rp135 million). The results of operations of Medianusa Pte. Ltd. and the gain on this sale was not significant to the Company’s consolidated statement of income.
      On August 8, 2003, the Company and PT Centralindo Pancasakti Cellular (“CPSC”) signed a share-swap agreement (“KMT-IP share-swap transaction”) in which the Company delivered its 14.20% outstanding shares in PT Komunikasi Selular Indonesia (“Komselindo”), its 20.17% outstanding shares in PT Metro Selular Nusantara (“Metrosel”), and its 100% outstanding shares in PT Telekomindo Selular Raya (“Telesera”) to CPSC. In return, CPSC delivered its 30.58% outstanding shares in PT Indonusa Telemedia (“Indonusa”), 21.12% outstanding shares in PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara (“PSN”) and paid cash of Rp5,398 million to the Company.
      From the KMT — IP share-swap transaction, the Company recognized a loss of Rp47,307 million being the difference between the fair value of assets received and the carrying amount of the Company’s investments given to CPSC, and reversal of difference due to change of equity in Metrosel previously recognized directly in equity.

F-46

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
12.  PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
                                                     
    January 1,   KSO IV               December 31,
    2004   Acquisitions   Additions   Deductions   Reclassifications   2004
                         
At cost or revalued amounts:
                                                
Direct acquisitions
                                                
 
Land
     298,964       —       34,212       (156 )     (5,681 )     327,339  
 
Buildings
     1,819,095       7,021       29,722       (14,448 )     328,665       2,170,055  
 
Switching equipment
     10,473,392       616,769       209,463       (52,829 )     (886,695 )     10,360,100  
 
Telegraph, telex and data communication equipment
     199,314       —       4,071       (14 )     10,484       213,855  
 
Transmission installation and equipment
     16,818,179       271,678       245,170       (573,950 )     10,161,066       26,922,143  
 
Satellite, earth station and equipment
     6,209,827       —       30,998       (165,130 )     (2,720,892 )     3,354,803  
 
Cable network
     15,488,797       1,427,049       195,947       (44,651 )     633,932       17,701,074  
 
Power supply
     1,149,458       18,644       22,784       (6,116 )     9,940       1,194,710  
 
Data processing equipment
     3,252,667       32,012       469,470       (11,671 )     44,263       3,786,741  
 
Other telecommunications peripherals
     735,188       —       62,550       (3,872 )     30,768       824,634  
 
Office equipment
     660,491       102       32,513       (8,470 )     (22,970 )     661,666  
 
Vehicles
     187,853       3,859       4,972       (9,285 )     4,004       191,403  
 
Other equipment
     107,573       —       1,855       (71 )     3,269       112,626  
 
Property under construction:
                                                
   
Buildings
     54,888       —       46,137       —       (47,613 )     53,412  
   
Switching equipment
     158,056       —       57,033       —       (215,089 )     —  
   
Transmission installation and equipment
     93,907       —       5,067,293       —       (4,986,069 )     175,131  
   
Satellite, earth station and equipment
     607,172       —       234,354       —       (64,627 )     776,899  
   
Cable network
     14,524       —       2,006,243       —       (1,995,259 )     25,508  
   
Power supply
     106       —       24,953       —       (24,990 )     69  
   
Data processing equipment
     10,526       —       30,065       —       (23,910 )     16,681  
   
Other telecommunications peripherals
     16,483       —       10,594       —       (27,077 )     —  

F-47

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                                                   
    January 1,   KSO IV               December 31,
    2004   Acquisitions   Additions   Deductions   Reclassifications   2004
                         
Leased assets
                                                
 
Vehicles
     239       —       11       —       163       413  
                                     
 
Total
     58,356,699       2,377,134       8,820,410       (890,663 )     205,682       68,869,262  
                                     
Accumulated depreciation:
                                                
Direct acquisitions
                                                
 
Buildings
     812,319       —       136,083       (11,209 )     15,445       952,638  
 
Switching equipment
     5,266,488       —       748,667       (36,795 )     (377,087 )     5,601,273  
 
Telegraph, telex and data communication equipment
     194,249       —       853       (791 )     4,342       198,653  
 
Transmission installation and equipment
     4,956,895       —       2,747,743       (513,618 )     1,017,239       8,208,259  
 
Satellite, earth station and equipment
     2,158,379       —       199,729       (165,075 )     (660,751 )     1,532,282  
 
Cable network
     6,613,281       —       1,560,387       (33,777 )     95,770       8,235,661  
 
Power supply
     797,925       —       108,436       (5,642 )     4,061       904,780  
 
Data processing equipment
     1,469,816       —       680,399       (11,221 )     (26,173 )     2,112,821  
 
Other telecommunications peripherals
     572,190       —       75,248       (3,664 )     68,804       712,578  
 
Office equipment
     497,467       —       68,822       (7,291 )     3,759       562,757  
 
Vehicles
     173,134       —       11,730       (8,224 )     4,224       180,864  
 
Other equipment
     69,302       —       17,469       (71 )     7,827       94,527  
Leased assets
                                                
 
Vehicles
     114       —       33       —       (77 )     70  
                                     
 
Total
     23,581,559       —       6,355,599       (797,378 )     157,383       29,297,163  
                                     
Net Book Value
     34,775,140                                       39,572,099  
                                     

F-48

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                                                     
    January 1,       Write-down of           December 31,
    2005   Additions   Assets   Deductions   Reclassifications   2005
                         
At cost or revalued amounts:
                                                
Direct acquisitions
                                                
 
Land
     327,339       30,444       —       (22,104 )     (1,232 )     334,447  
 
Buildings
     2,170,055       65,622       —       (4,553 )     336,435       2,567,559  
 
Switching equipment
     10,360,100       324,748       —       (13,547 )     158,580       10,829,881  
 
Telegraph, telex and data communication equipment
     213,855       2,410       —       (120 )     (353 )     215,792  
 
Transmission installation and equipment
     26,922,143       846,944       —       (28,747 )     3,813,794       31,554,134  
 
Satellite, earth station and equipment
     3,354,803       697,304       —       (427,836 )     1,319,733       4,944,004  
 
Cable network
     17,701,074       868,823       —       (20,853 )     148,456       18,697,500  
 
Power supply
     1,194,710       73,492       —       (7,198 )     51,391       1,312,395  
 
Data processing equipment
     3,786,741       261,442       —       (6,132 )     3,800,322       7,842,373  
 
Other telecommunications peripherals
     824,634       69,469       —       (5,675 )     15,723       904,151  
 
Office equipment
     661,666       69,501       —       (1,772 )     (79,457 )     649,938  
 
Vehicles
     191,403       975       —       (5,090 )     (905 )     186,383  
 
Other equipment
     112,626       2,923       —       —       (5 )     115,544  
 
Property under construction:
                                                
   
Buildings
     53,412       235,354       —       —       (266,991 )     21,775  
   
Switching equipment
     —       13,172       —       —       —       13,172  
   
Transmission installation and equipment
     175,131       7,518,740       —       —       (6,979,472 )     714,399  
   
Satellite, earth station and equipment
     776,899       —       —       —       (776,766 )     133  
   
Cable network
     25,508       213       —       —       (21,950 )     3,771  
   
Power supply
     69       8,711       —       —       (8,719 )     61  
   
Data processing equipment
     16,681       2,167,465       —       —       (616,886 )     1,567,260  
   
Other telecommunications peripherals
     —       37,825       —       —       (34,301 )     3,524  

F-49

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                                                   
    January 1,       Write-down of           December 31,
    2005   Additions   Assets   Deductions   Reclassifications   2005
                         
Leased assets
                                                
 
Vehicles
     413       —       —       —       (83 )     330  
 
Transmission installation and equipment
     —       257,380       —       —       —       257,380  
                                     
 
Total
     68,869,262       13,552,957       —       (543,627 )     857,314       82,735,906  
                                     
Accumulated depreciation and impairment:
                                                
Direct acquisitions
                                                
 
Buildings
     952,638       143,894       —       (1,789 )     15,095       1,109,838  
 
Switching equipment
     5,601,273       766,155       —       (13,547 )     118,711       6,472,592  
 
Telegraph, telex and data communication equipment
     198,653       3,004       —       (120 )     (10 )     201,527  
 
Transmission installation and equipment
     8,208,259       3,281,208       552,828       (15,239 )     (35,774 )     11,991,282  
 
Satellite, earth station and equipment
     1,532,282       220,658       —       (427,836 )     (19,043 )     1,306,061  
 
Cable network
     8,235,661       2,019,324       —       (21,012 )     97,771       10,331,744  
 
Power supply
     904,780       84,438       —       (7,198 )     50,170       1,032,190  
 
Data processing equipment
     2,112,821       796,921       —       (6,132 )     34,521       2,938,131  
 
Other telecommunications peripherals
     712,578       76,882       —       (5,675 )     10,198       793,983  
 
Office equipment
     562,757       43,274       —       (1,562 )     (61,331 )     543,138  
 
Vehicles
     180,864       4,758       —       (5,089 )     (932 )     179,601  
 
Other equipment
     94,527       7,042       —       —       (5 )     101,564  
Leased assets
                                                
 
Vehicles
     70       65       —       —       (65 )     70  
 
Transmission installation and equipment
     —       27,002       63,940       —       —       90,942  
                                     
 
Total
     29,297,163       7,474,625       616,768       (505,199 )     209,306       37,092,663  
                                     
Net Book Value
     39,572,099                                       45,643,243  
                                     
                 
    2004   2005
         
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
     67,196       84,621  
Net book value
     93,285       38,428  
             
(Loss) gain on disposal
     (26,089 )     46,193  
             

F-50

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      In accordance with the amended and restated KSO agreement with MGTI (Note 5d), ownership rights to the acquired property, plant and equipment in KSO IV are legally retained by MGTI until the end of the KSO period (December 31, 2010). As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the net book value of these property, plant and equipment was Rp2,000,073 million and Rp1,469,700 million, respectively.
      As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the net book value of property, plant and equipment included in the Company’s property, plant and equipment that are utilized by the KSO amounted to Rp449,016 million and Rp356,658 million, respectively. The legal ownership of these property, plant and equipment are still retained by the Company.
      In the first quarter of 2005, the Government, in its efforts to rearrange the frequency spectra utilized by the telecommunications industry, issued a series of regulations which resulted in the Company not being able to utilize certain frequency spectra it currently uses to support its fixed wireline cable network commencing at the end of 2006. As a result of these regulations, certain of the Company’s cable network facilities within the fixed wireline segment, which comprise primarily of Wireless Local Loop (“WLL”) and Approach Link equipment operating in the affected frequency spectra, can no longer be used commencing at the end of 2006. Accordingly, the Company has shortened its estimate of the remaining useful lives for WLL and Approach Link equipment in the first quarter of 2005 and begun depreciating the then remaining net book value of those assets through December 31, 2006. The effect of this change in estimate increased depreciation expense by Rp471,187 million (Rp329,831 million after tax) in 2005.
      Further, on August 31, 2005, the Minister of Communication and Information (“MoCI”) issued a press release which announced that in order to conform with the international standards and as recommended by the International Telecommunications Union — Radiocommunication Sector (“ITU-R”), the 1900 MHz frequency spectrum would only be used for the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (“IMT-2000” or “3-G”) network. The MoCI also announced that the CDMA-based technology network which the Company uses for its fixed wireless services can only operate in the 800 MHz frequency spectrum. At present, the Company utilizes the 1900 MHz frequency spectrum for its fixed wireless network in Jakarta and West Java areas while for other areas, the Company utilizes the 800 MHz frequency spectrum. As a result of the Government’s decision, the Company’s Base Station System (“BSS”) equipment in Jakarta and West Java areas which are part of transmission installation and equipment for fixed wireless network can no longer be used commencing at the end of 2007. Management expects the BSS equipment will be completely replaced with BSS equipment operating in 800 MHz by the end of June 2007. On January 13, 2006, the MoCI issued MoCI Regulation No. 01/ PER/ M.KOMINFO/1/2006 which reaffirmed the Government’s decision that the Company’s fixed wireless network can only operate in the 800 MHz frequency spectrum and that the 1900 MHz is allocated for 3-G network.
      Following the Government’s decisions, the Company reviewed the recoverable amount of cash-generating unit to which the affected fixed wireless asset belongs. The recoverable amount was estimated using value in use which represents the present value of estimated future cash flows from cash-generating unit using a pretax discount rate of 16.89%, representing the Company’s weighted average cost of capital as of December 31, 2005. In determining cash-generating unit to which an asset belongs, assets are grouped at the lowest level that includes the asset and generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or group of assets. Based on this review, in 2005, the Company recognized a write-down of Rp616,768 million related to transmission installa-

F-51

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
tion and equipment of fixed wireless assets and recorded this amount as a component of operating expenses in the consolidated statement of income. In addition, the Company recognized a loss relating to non-cancelable contracts for procurement of the 1900 MHz transmission installation and equipment in Jakarta and West Java areas amounting to Rp79,359 million. The loss was included as a component of operating expenses in the consolidated statement of income with a corresponding liability included in “Accrued Expenses” in the consolidated balance sheet. In addition, the Company changed its estimate of the remaining useful lives for the Jakarta and West Java BSS equipment and depreciates the remaining net book value of these assets through June 30, 2007. The effect of this change in estimate increased depreciation expense by Rp159,042 million (Rp111,329 million after tax) in 2005.
      On August 18, 2005, the Company disposed of its Palapa B-4 satellite which had been fully depreciated as of July 1, 1999. On November 17, 2005, the Company’s Telkom-2 satellite was launched, and on December 20, 2005, the Telkom-2 satellite passed the final acceptance test and was put into service.
      As of December 31, 2005, the Company operated two satellites which primarily provide backbone transmission links for its network and earth station satellite up-linking and down-linking services to domestic and international users. As of December 31, 2005, there were no events or changes in circumstances that would indicate that the carrying amount of the Company’s satellites may not be recoverable.
      Interest capitalized to property under construction amounted to Rp22,925 million, Rp57,690 million and nil in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      Foreign exchange losses capitalized as part of property under construction amounted to nil, Rp74,283 million and nil in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      The Company and its subsidiaries own several pieces of land located throughout Indonesia with Building Use Rights (Hak Guna Bangunan or HGB) for a period of 20-30 years, which will expire between 2006-2035 . Management believes that there will be no difficulty in obtaining the extension of the landrights when they expire.
      Some of the Company’s land, on which the Company was granted the right to use by the Ministry of Communications of the Republic of Indonesia (formerly Ministry of Tourism, Post and Telecommunications), is still under the name of the Ministry of Tourism, Post and Telecommunications and the Ministry of Communications of the Republic of Indonesia. The transfer to the Company of the legal title of ownership on those parcels of land is still in progress.
      As of December 31, 2005, property, plant and equipment of the Company and subsidiaries, except for land, were insured with various insurance companies against fire, theft and other specified risks for a coverage of Rp22,375,819 million plus US$2,988 million. In addition, the Telkom-1 and Telkom-2 satellites are insured for US$48.2 million and US$143.3 million, respectively. Management believes that the insurance coverage is adequate.
      On December 26, 2004, telecommunication facilities of the Company and its subsidiaries in Banda Aceh and certain areas nearby in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam with net book value of Rp54,863 million were destroyed by earthquake and tsunami. For the year ended December 31, 2004, the Company has recorded the loss in “Other income (expenses)” in the consolidated statements of income. These telecommunication facilities were covered by insurance. In 2005, the Company and its subsidiaries have

F-52

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
received a portion of its insurance claims amounting to Rp27,580 million and recorded this amount in “Other income (expenses)” in the consolidated statements of income.
      Certain property, plant and equipment of the Company and subsidiaries have been pledged as collateral for lending agreements (Notes 20 and 24).
      As of December 31, 2005, the Company has lease commitments for certain transmission installation and equipment, and vehicles with the option to purchase the leased assets at the end of the lease terms. Future minimum lease payments for the assets under capital leases as of December 31, 2005 are as follows:
         
Year   Rupiah
     
2006
     73,443  
2007
     73,443  
2008
     73,443  
2009
     73,443  
2010
     73,443  
Thereafter
     142,775  
       
Total minimum lease payments
     509,990  
Interest
     (258,252 )
       
Net present value of minimum lease payments
     251,738  
Current maturities
     (16,201 )
       
Long-term portion
     235,537  
       

F-53

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
13.  PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT UNDER REVENUE-SHARING ARRANGEMENTS
                                           
    January 1,               December 31,
    2004   Additions   Deductions   Reclassifications   2004
                     
At cost:
                                        
 
Land
     3,160       222       —       —       3,382  
 
Buildings
     20,255       225       —       (7,058 )     13,422  
 
Switching equipment
     537,890       12,473       —       (132,226 )     418,137  
 
Transmission installation and equipment
     93,028       200,251       —       (34,160 )     259,119  
 
Cable network
     318,381       117,228       —       (39,469 )     396,140  
 
Other telecommunications peripherals
     123,972       234       —       (20,709 )     103,497  
                               
 
Total
     1,096,686       330,633       —       (233,622 )     1,193,697  
                               
Accumulated depreciation:
                                        
 
Land
     1,449       152       —       —       1,601  
 
Buildings
     9,804       802       —       (3,529 )     7,077  
 
Switching equipment
     341,525       34,757       —       (90,160 )     286,122  
 
Transmission installation and equipment
     89,720       13,406       —       (34,160 )     68,966  
 
Cable network
     225,175       33,817       —       (31,475 )     227,517  
 
Other telecommunications peripherals
     123,972       24       —       (20,709 )     103,287  
                               
 
Total
     791,645       82,958       —       (180,033 )     694,570  
                               
Net Book Value
     305,041                               499,127  
                               

F-54

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                                           
    January 1,               December 31,
    2005   Additions   Deductions   Reclassifications   2005
                     
At cost:
                                        
 
Land
     3,382       46       —       —       3,428  
 
Buildings
     13,422       338       —       (5,739 )     8,021  
 
Switching equipment
     418,137       25,419       —       (168,521 )     275,035  
 
Transmission installation and equipment
     259,119       36,214       —       (11,895 )     283,438  
 
Cable network
     396,140       13,629       —       (141,356 )     268,413  
 
Other telecommunications peripherals
     103,497       126,187       —       (60,380 )     169,304  
                               
 
Total
     1,193,697       201,833       —       (387,891 )     1,007,639  
                               
Accumulated depreciation:
                                        
 
Land
     1,601       170       —       —       1,771  
 
Buildings
     7,077       480       —       (3,191 )     4,366  
 
Switching equipment
     286,122       25,421       —       (125,854 )     185,689  
 
Transmission installation and equipment
     68,966       26,223       —       (11,895 )     83,294  
 
Cable network
     227,517       21,257       —       (134,648 )     114,126  
 
Other telecommunications peripherals
     103,287       22,563       —       (56,862 )     68,988  
                               
 
Total
     694,570       96,114       —       (332,450 )     458,234  
                               
Net Book Value
     499,127                               549,405  
                               
      In accordance with revenue-sharing arrangements agreements, ownership rights to the property, plant and equipment under revenue-sharing arrangements are legally retained by the investors until the end of the revenue-sharing period.
      The unearned income on revenue-sharing arrangements is as follows:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Gross amount
     1,193,697       1,007,639  
             
Accumulated amortization:
                
Beginning balance
     (984,954 )     (833,365 )
Addition (Note 35)
     (82,033 )     (136,681 )
Deduction
     233,622       387,891  
             
Ending balance
     (833,365 )     (582,155 )
             
Net
     360,332       425,484  
             

F-55

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
14.  ADVANCES AND OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS
      Advances and other non-current assets consist of:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Prepaid rental, non-current portion
     —       428,564  
Advances for purchase of property, plant and equipment
     1,070,065       253,123  
Security deposits
     28,345       30,570  
Restricted cash
     114,202       90,749  
Deferred landrights charges
     93,843       87,863  
Others
     65,896       55,168  
             
Total
     1,372,351       946,037  
             
      As of December 31, 2004, restricted cash represents time deposits with original maturities of more than one year held by the Company and its subsidiaries and are pledged as collateral for bank guarantees.
      As of December 31, 2005, restricted cash represents cash received from the Government relating to compensation for early termination of exclusive rights (Note 29) and time deposits with original maturities of more than one year pledged as collateral for bank guarantees.
      Deferred landrights charges represent costs to extend the contractual life of the landrights which are deferred and amortized over the new contractual life.
15.  GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
      The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and other intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 are as follows:
                           
        Intangible    
    Goodwill   Assets   Total
             
Gross carrying amount:
                        
 
Balance as of December 31, 2003
     106,348       6,011,406       6,117,754  
 
Addition — acquisition of Dayamitra (Note 5a)
     —       231,477       231,477  
 
Addition — acquisition of KSO IV (Note 5d)
     —       908,228       908,228  
                   
 
Balance as of December 31, 2004
     106,348       7,151,111       7,257,459  
                   
Accumulated amortization:
                        
 
Balance as of December 31, 2003
     (54,951 )     (918,753 )     (973,704 )
 
Amortization expense for 2004
     (21,270 )     (851,060 )     (872,330 )
                   
 
Balance as of December 31, 2004
     (76,221 )     (1,769,813 )     (1,846,034 )
                   
Net book value
     30,127       5,381,298       5,411,425  
                   
Weighted-average amortization period
     5 years       7.97 years          

F-56

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                           
        Other    
        Intangible    
    Goodwill   Assets   Total
             
Gross carrying amount as of December 31, 2005
     106,348       7,151,111       7,257,459  
Accumulated amortization:
                        
 
Balance as of December 31, 2004
     (76,221 )     (1,769,813 )     (1,846,034 )
 
Amortization expense for 2005
     (21,270 )     (896,883 )     (918,153 )
                   
 
Balance as of December 31, 2005
     (97,491 )     (2,666,696 )     (2,764,187 )
                   
Net book value
     8,857       4,484,415       4,493,272  
                   
Weighted-average amortization period
     5 years       7.97  years          
      Other intangible assets resulted from the acquisitions of Dayamitra, Pramindo, AWI and KSO IV, and represent the rights to operate the business in the KSO areas (Note 5). Goodwill resulted from the acquisition of GSD (Note 1c).
      The estimated annual amortization expense relating to goodwill for the year ending December 31, 2006 is Rp8,857 million. The estimated annual amortization expense relating to other intangible assets for each of the next five years beginning from January 1, 2006 is Rp896,883 million per year.
16.  ESCROW ACCOUNTS
      Escrow accounts consist of the following:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Citibank N.A., Singapore
     30,059       126,128  
Bank Mandiri
     6,222       6,369  
             
      36,281       132,497  
             
a. Citibank N.A., Singapore
      This escrow account with Citibank N.A., Singapore (“Dayamitra Escrow Agent”) was established to facilitate the payment of the Company’s obligations under the Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement and Option Agreement entered into with the selling stockholders of Dayamitra (Note 5a).
      In 2004, the Company has repaid the entire obligations under the Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement, and since then this escrow account is used to facilitate the payment of the Company’s obligations under the Option Agreement with TMC.
      The escrow account earns interest at LIBOR minus 0.75% per annum, which is computed on a daily basis. The interest income earned is included as part of the escrow funds. The remaining funds available will be transferred to the Company after all of the obligations related to the Dayamitra transaction are satisfied.

F-57

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
b. Bank Mandiri
      The escrow account with Bank Mandiri was established by Dayamitra in relation with the credit facilities from Bank Mandiri (Note 24e).
17.  TRADE ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
                   
    2004   2005
         
Related parties
                
 
Payables to other telecommunications carriers
     196,127       99,980  
 
Concession fees
     254,665       648,950  
 
Purchases of equipment, materials and services
     192,302       265,459  
             
Total
     643,094       1,014,389  
             
Third parties
                
 
Purchases of equipment, materials and services
     3,366,320       4,011,444  
 
Payables related to revenue-sharing arrangements
     220,158       106,195  
 
Payables to other telecommunication providers
     24,978       163,646  
             
Total
     3,611,456       4,281,285  
             
Total
     4,254,550       5,295,674  
             
      Trade accounts payable by currency are as follows:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Rupiah
     3,613,715       3,112,303  
U.S. Dollar
     638,861       1,381,473  
Euro
     —       796,343  
Japanese Yen
     715       5,508  
Great Britain Pound Sterling
     1,092       14  
Singapore Dollar
     147       33  
Myanmar KYAT
     20       —  
             
Total
     4,254,550       5,295,674  
             
      Refer to Note 45 for details of related party transactions.

F-58

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
18.  ACCRUED EXPENSES
                 
    2004   2005
         
Salaries and benefits
     321,237       452,413  
Operations, maintenance and telecommunications services
     324,329       411,075  
General, administrative and marketing
     242,597       444,101  
Interest and bank charges
     163,203       134,299  
Loss on procurement commitments (Note 12)
     —       79,359  
             
Total
     1,051,366       1,521,247  
             
19.  UNEARNED INCOME
                 
    2004   2005
         
Prepaid pulse reload vouchers
     1,017,530       1,582,762  
Other telecommunication services
     7,669       3,917  
Other
     4,801       6,039  
             
Total
     1,030,000       1,592,718  
             
20.  SHORT-TERM BANK LOANS
                 
    2004   2005
         
Bank Central Asia
     455,700       170,000  
ABN AMRO Bank
     604,500       —  
Bank Mandiri
     41,433       —  
Bank Niaga
     —       3,800  
             
Total
     1,101,633       173,800  
             
a. Bank Central Asia
      On December 27, 2004, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Bank Central Asia for a short-term loan with a maximum facility of US$49.0 million. The facility was unsecured and bore interest at a rate equal to the 1-month LIBOR plus 2.85% (i.e. 5.27% as of December 31, 2004). Principal outstanding as of December 31, 2004 amounted to Rp455,700 million (US$49.0 million). On April 15, 2005, the loan was repaid in full and the loan agreement was terminated.
      On December 3, 2004, Telkomsel entered into a loan agreement with Deutsche Bank AG, Jakarta (as “Arranger” and “Agent”) and Bank Central Asia (as “Lender” and “Transferor”) with a total facility of Rp170,000 million. Under the agreement, the Lender may transfer its rights, benefits and obligations to any bank or financial institution by delivering the Transfer Agreement to the Agent and notifying Telkomsel. The facility bears interest at a rate equal to the 3-month Certificates of Bank Indonesia plus 1% (i.e. 13.09% as of December 31, 2005) payable in arrears. The loan is due on February 1, 2006. As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the principal outstanding amounted to nil and

F-59

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
Rp170,000 million, respectively. On February 1, 2006, Telkomsel repaid the entire loan balance and the loan agreement was terminated.
b. ABN AMRO Bank
      On January 28, 2004, the Company signed a short-term loan agreement with ABN AMRO Bank N.V., Jakarta Branch for a facility of US$129.7 million. The loan was used to settle the outstanding promissory notes at March 15, 2004 which were issued for the acquisition of Pramindo (Note 5b). The principal and interest were payable in 10 monthly installments from March 2004 to December 2004. The loan bore interest at a rate equal to the LIBOR plus 2.75%. As of December 31, 2004, the loan was repaid in full and the loan agreement was terminated on January 6, 2005.
      On December 21, 2004, the Company entered into a loan agreement with ABN AMRO Bank N.V. for a short-term loan with a maximum facility of US$65.0 million. The loan principal of US$30.0 million and US$35.0 million was due on March 31, 2005 and June 30, 2005, respectively. The loan was unsecured and bore interest at a rate equal to the 3-month U.S. Dollar LIBOR plus 2.5% (5.02% as of December 31, 2004). Principal outstanding as of December 31, 2004 was Rp604,500 million (US$65.0 million). On March 31, 2005 and June 30, 2005, principal repayments of US$30.0 million and US$35.0 million, respectively, were made in accordance with the loan agreement. On June 30, 2005, the loan agreement was terminated.
c. Bank Mandiri
      On August 28, 2001, Napsindo entered into a loan agreement with Bank Mandiri for a facility of US$1.8 million for a one-year term. The loan is secured with the Company’s time deposits (Note 10) with interest rate at 2% above the pledged time deposits interest rate (2.65% as of December 31, 2004). The loan facility has been extended several times, the most recent of which was on September 23, 2004 where the loan facility was extended for another one-year term and expired on August 28, 2005.
      On April 24, 2003, Napsindo also entered into a loan agreement with Bank Mandiri for a facility of US$2.7 million for a one-year term. On May 4, 2004, the facility was extended for another one year term and expired on April 24, 2005. The loan was secured by the Company’s time deposits (Note 10) and bore interest at 2% above the pledged time deposits interest rate (2.65% as of December 31, 2004).
      As of December 31, 2004, principal outstanding under these facilities amounted to US$4.5 million (Rp41,433 million). On July 29, 2005, the Company’s time deposits pledged for these facilities were used to repay the principal outstanding and on August 1, 2005, the loan agreements were terminated.
d. Bank Niaga
      On April 25, 2005, Balebat entered into a loan agreement with Bank Niaga for a total facility of Rp2,400 million comprising of revolving credit facility of Rp800 million which bears interest at 12% per annum and matured on July 25, 2005. This loan agreement also included an investment credit facility of Rp1,600 million which is discussed in Note 24f. On July 26, 2005, the interest rate and maturity date for revolving credit facility was amended to 12.5% per annum and May 30, 2006, respectively. The total credit facility of Rp2,400 million is secured by Balebat’s property located in West Java. As of December 31, 2005, the principal outstanding amounted to Rp800 million.

F-60

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      On October 18, 2005, GSD entered into a loan agreement with Bank Niaga for a maximum facility of Rp3,000 million for a one-year term. The loan facility is secured by certain GSD’s property, bears interest at 14.5% per annum and will expire on October 18, 2006. As of December 31, 2005, the principal outstanding amounted to Rp3,000 million.
e. The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (“HSBC”)
      On December 20, 2004, the Company entered into a revolving loan agreement with HSBC for a maximum facility of Rp500,000 million. The facility was available for withdrawal until January 20, 2005 and any amount drawn down under this facility was payable within 6 months from the withdrawal date. The facility bore interest at a rate equal to one-month Certificate of Bank Indonesia plus 1% on the amount drawn down and was payable at the maturity date of the loan.
      On March 28, 2005, the maximum facility was amended to provide principal of Rp100,000 million with interest rate at one-month Certificate of Bank Indonesia plus 1%, and US$49.0 million with interest rate at LIBOR plus 1.8%.
      On January 20, 2005 and April 14, 2005, the Company drew down Rp100,000 million and US$49.0 million, respectively. As of October 14, 2005, the loan has been fully repaid and the loan agreement was terminated.
21.  MATURITIES OF LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
a. Current maturities
                         
    Notes   2004   2005
             
Two-step loans
     22       655,422       569,278  
Medium-term Notes
     23b       468,976       144,510  
Bank loans
     24       602,516       634,542  
Liabilities of business acquisitions
     25       573,908       862,394  
Obligations under capital leases
     12       —       16,201  
                   
Total
             2,300,822       2,226,925  
                   
b. Long-term portion
                                                         
        (In billions of Rupiah)
         
    Notes   Total   2007   2008   2009   2010   Thereafter
                             
Two-step loans
     22       4,760.2       497.1       455.6       441.4       418.0       2,948.1  
Bonds
     23a       991.9       991.9       —       —       —       —  
Medium-term Notes
     23b       464.8       464.8       —       —       —       —  
Bank loans
     24       1,752.1       697.0       473.7       233.3       232.4       115.7  
Liabilities of business acquisitions
     25       3,128.0       735.9       818.2       797.8       776.1       —  
Obligations under capital leases
     12       235.5       20.5       26.1       33.0       41.9       114.0  
                                           
Total
             11,332.5       3,407.2       1,773.6       1,505.5       1,468.4       3,177.8  
                                           

F-61

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
22.  TWO-STEP LOANS
      Two-step loans are loans, which were obtained by the Government from overseas banks and a consortium of contractors, which are then re-loaned to the Company. The loans entered into up to July 1994 were recorded and are payable in Rupiah based on the exchange rate at the date of drawdown. Loans entered into after July 1994 are payable in their original currencies and any resulting foreign exchange gain or loss is borne by the Company.
      On December 15, 2004, the Company repaid a portion of its Rupiah denominated two-step loans totaling Rp701,272 million before its maturity. Further, on December 24, 2004, the Company repaid a portion of its U.S. Dollar denominated two-step loans with principal amount of US$48.8 million and its entire Euro denominated two-step loans with principal amount of EUR14.5 million before their maturities. These early repayments of two-step loans have been approved by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia - Directorate General of Treasury.
      The details of the two-step loans are as follows:
                                 
    Interest Rate   Outstanding
         
Creditors   2004   2005   2004   2005
                 
Overseas banks
     3.10% — 13.25%       3.10% — 10.71%       5,889,703       5,250,829  
Consortium of contractors
     3.20% — 13.25%       3.20%       129,002       78,648  
                         
Total
                     6,018,705       5,329,477  
Current maturities
                     (655,422 )     (569,278 )
                         
Long-term portion
                     5,363,283       4,760,199  
                         
      The details of two-step loans obtained from overseas banks as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 are as follows:
                                 
    Interest Rate   Outstanding
         
Currencies   2004   2005   2004   2005
                 
U.S. Dollar
     4.00% — 7.98%       4.00% — 6.81%       2,397,437       2,232,752  
Rupiah
     8.30% — 13.25%       8.3% — 10.71%       2,098,948       1,794,149  
Japanese Yen
     3.10%       3.10%       1,393,318       1,223,928  
                         
Total
                     5,889,703       5,250,829  
                         
      The loans are intended for the development of telecommunications infrastructure and supporting equipment. The loans are repayable in semi-annual installments and are due on various dates through 2024.

F-62

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      Details of two-step loans obtained from a consortium of contractors as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 are as follows:
                                 
    Interest Rate   Outstanding
         
Currencies   2004   2005   2004   2005
                 
Japanese Yen
     3.20%       3.20%       119,078       78,648  
Rupiah
     8.30% — 13.25%       8.30%       9,924       —  
                         
Total
                     129,002       78,648  
                         
      The consortium of contractors consists of Sumitomo Corporation, PT NEC Nusantara Communications and PT Humpuss Elektronika (SNH Consortium). The loans were obtained to finance the second digital telephone exchange project. The loans are repayable in semi-annual installments and are due on various dates through June 15, 2008.
      Two-step loans which are payable in Rupiah bear either a fixed interest rate, a floating rate based upon the average interest rate on 3-month Certificates of Bank Indonesia during the six-months preceding the installment due date plus 1%, or a floating interest rate offered by the lenders plus 5.25%. Two-step loans which are payable in foreign currencies bear either a fixed rate interest or the floating interest rate offered by the lenders, plus 0.5%.
      As of December 31, 2005, the Company has used all facilities under the two-step loan program and the draw-down period for the two-step loans has expired.
      The Company is required to maintain financial ratios as follows:
      a. Projected net revenue to projected debt service ratio should exceed 1.5:1 and 1.2:1 for two-step loans originating from World Bank and Asian Development Bank (“ADB”), respectively.
      b. Internal financing (earnings before depreciation and interest expenses) should exceed 50% and 20% compared to capital expenditures for loans originating from World Bank and ADB, respectively.
      As of December 31, 2005, the Company complied with the above mentioned ratios.
23.  NOTES AND BONDS
                 
    2004   2005
         
Bonds
     986,564       991,850  
Medium-term Notes
     1,077,703       609,329  
Guaranteed Notes
     736,174       —  
             
Total
     2,800,441       1,601,179  
Current maturities
     (468,976 )     (144,510 )
             
Long-term portion
     2,331,465       1,456,669  
             
a. Bonds
      On July 16, 2002, the Company issued bonds amounting to Rp1,000,000 million. The bonds were issued at par value and have a term of five years. The bonds bear interest at a fixed rate of 17% per

F-63

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
annum, payable quarterly beginning October 16, 2002. The bonds are traded on the Surabaya Stock Exchange and will mature on July 16, 2007. The trustee of the bonds is PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk and the custodian is PT Danareksa Sekuritas. Effective January 17, 2006, PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk became the trustee of the bonds replacing PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk.
      As of December 31, 2005, the rating for the bonds issued by Pefindo is AAA and by Standard and Poor’s is BB+.
      As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the outstanding principal amount of the bonds and the unamortized bond issuance costs are as follows:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Principal
     1,000,000       1,000,000  
Bond issuance costs
     (13,436 )     (8,150 )
             
Net
     986,564       991,850  
             
      During the period when the bonds are outstanding, the Company is required to comply with all covenants or restrictions including maintaining consolidated financial ratios as follows:
      1. Debt service coverage ratio should exceed 1.5:1
      2. Debt to equity ratio should not exceed:
           a. 3:1 for the period of January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2002
           b. 2.5:1 for the period of January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2003
           c. 2:1 for the period of January 1, 2004 to the redemption date of the bonds
      3. Debt to EBITDA ratio should not exceed 3:1
      The Company has breached a covenant in the bonds indenture which stipulates that during the period when the bonds are outstanding, the Company will not make any loans to or for the benefit of any person which in aggregate exceed Rp500,000 million. As of March 24, 2006, the Company has obtained a written waiver from PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk, the trustee of the bonds, with regard to providing loans to certain subsidiaries which in aggregate exceed Rp500,000 million.
b. Medium-term Notes
      On December 13, 2004, the Company entered into an agreement with PT ABN AMRO Asia Securities Indonesia, PT Bahana Securities, PT BNI Securities and PT Mandiri Sekuritas (collectively referred as “Initial Purchasers”) to issue Medium-term Notes (the “Notes”) for a total principal amount of Rp1,125,000 million. Proceeds from issuance of the Notes were used to finance the payment of the remaining balance of the borrowings assumed in connection with the AWI acquisition amounting to US$123.0 million.

F-64

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      The Notes consist of four Series with the following maturities and interest rates:
                         
Series   Principal   Maturity   Interest Rate
             
A
     290,000       June 15, 2005       7.70 %
B
     225,000       December 15, 2005       7.95 %
C
     145,000       June 15, 2006       8.20 %
D
     465,000       June 15, 2007       9.40 %
                   
Total
     1,125,000                  
                   
      Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually beginning June 15, 2005 through June 15, 2007. The Notes are unsecured and will at all times rank pari passu with other unsecured debts of the Company. The Company may at any time, before the maturity dates of the Notes, repurchase the Notes in whole or in part.
      On June 15, 2005 and December 15, 2005, the Company repaid the Series A and Series B Notes.
      As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the outstanding principal and unamortized debt issuance costs are as follows:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Principal
     1,080,000       610,000  
Debt issuance costs
     (2,297 )     (671 )
             
      1,077,703       609,329  
Current maturities
     (468,976 )     (144,510 )
             
Long-term portion
     608,727       464,819  
             
      As of December 31, 2005, the rating for the Notes issued by Pefindo is AAA.
      During the period when the Notes are outstanding, the Company should comply with all covenants or restrictions including maintaining financial ratios as follows:
      1. Debt service coverage ratio should exceed 1.5:1
      2. Debt to equity ratio should not exceed 2:1
      3. Debt to EBITDA ratio should not exceed 3:1
      As of December 31, 2005, the Company complied with the covenants.
c. Guaranteed Notes
      In April 2002, TSFL, Telkomsel’s wholly-owned subsidiary, issued US$150.0 million Guaranteed Notes (the “Notes”) which are unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by Telkomsel. The Notes bear interest at 9.75%, payable semi-annually on April 30 and October 30 of each year and will mature on April 30, 2007. The trustee of the Notes is Deutsche Bank Trustees (Hong Kong Limited) and the custodian is Deutsche Bank AG, Hong Kong Branch.

F-65

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      Telkomsel has unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed the payment of all sums from time to time payable by the Issuer in respect of the Notes. So long as any Notes remains outstanding, among others, neither the Issuer nor the Guarantor will create or permit to subsist any mortgage, charge, pledge, lien or other form of encumbrance or security interest including without limitation anything analogous to any of the foregoing under the laws of any jurisdiction (each a “Security Interest”) on the whole or any part of its present or future assets, undertakings, property or revenues as security for any other indebtedness or any guarantee of or indemnity in respect of any other indebtedness.
      TSFL may, on the interest payment date falling on or about the third anniversary of the issue date redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at 102.50% of the principal amount of such Notes, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption, provided that if only part of the Notes are redeemed, the principal amount of the outstanding Notes after such redemption will be at least US$100.0 million.
      The Notes are listed on the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited. The Notes will constitute direct, unconditional, unsubordinated and unsecured obligations of TSFL and will at all times rank pari passu and without any preference among themselves. The payment obligations of TSFL under the Notes shall, save for such exceptions as may be provided by applicable laws, at all times rank at least equivalent with all other present and future unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of TSFL. The net proceeds from the sale of the Notes were used by TSFL to lend to Telkomsel in financing its capital expenditures.
      Based on the “On-Loan Agreement”, dated April 30, 2002 between Telkomsel and TSFL, TSFL lent the proceeds from the subscription of the Notes to Telkomsel at an interest rate of 9.765% per annum, payable under the same terms as above. Subsequently, on September 8, 2003, the agreement was amended such that if any Notes are cancelled, the principal amount of the outstanding loan will be reduced by the principal amount of the Notes cancelled. The loan will mature on April 30, 2007 or on such an earlier date as the loan may become repayable.
      On February 8, 2005, the inter-company loan agreement, together with its rights, benefits and outstanding obligations was transferred from TSFL to TFBV, another wholly owned subsidiary of Telkomsel. In conjunction with this transfer, Telkomsel’s liability of US$79.4 million under the loan from TSFL was transferred to TFBV, with terms and conditions similar to those of the original Notes. Subsequently, TFBV lent to Telkomsel an additional US$0.8 million at a rate of 9.77% per annum plus a margin of 0.15%, payable under similar terms as above.
      As part of Telkomsel management’s plan to minimize foreign exchange exposures and to reduce interest charges, on April 30, 2005, which was the third anniversary of the issue date of the Notes, Telkomsel repurchased all the outstanding Notes with an aggregate nominal value of US$79.4 million at 102.5% (US$81.4 million) and recorded a loss of Rp19,038 million on the extinguishment of the debt.

F-66

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
24.  BANK LOANS
      The details of long-term bank loans as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 are as follows:
                                                 
            2004   2005
                 
            Outstanding   Outstanding
                 
            Original       Original    
        Total Facility   Currency   Rupiah   Currency   Rupiah
Lenders   Currency   (in millions)   (in millions)   Equivalent   (in millions)   Equivalent
                         
The Export-Import Bank of Korea
       US$       124.0       59.1       549,449       117.6       1,156,296  
Citibank N.A
       US$       113.3       85.9       798,197       62.5       614,501  
        EUR       73.4       51.4       649,758       36.7       427,718  
Bank Central Asia
       Rp       173,000.0       —       143,489       —       86,093  
Consortium of banks
       Rp       150,000.0       —       117,174       —       74,890  
Bank Mandiri
       Rp       82,425.0       —       59,729       —       14,918  
Bank Niaga
       Rp       8,800.0       —       7,330       —       7,229  
Bank Bukopin
       Rp       5,300.0       —       —       —       5,001  
Deutsche Bank
       Rp       —       —       41,009       —       —  
Syndicated banks
       Rp       —       —       8,088       —       —  
        US$       —       0.4       4,092       —       —  
                                     
Total
                             2,378,315               2,386,646  
Current maturities of bank loans                             (602,516 )             (634,542 )
                                     
Long-term portion
                             1,775,799               1,752,104  
                                     
a. The Export-Import Bank of Korea
      On August 27, 2003, the Company entered into a loan agreement with the Export-Import Bank of Korea for a total facility of US$124.0 million. The loan is used to finance the CDMA procurement from the Samsung Consortium (Note 50a.ii) and available until April 2006. The loan bears interest, commitment and other fees totaling 5.68%. The loan is unsecured and payable in 10 semi-annual installments on June 30 and December 30 of each year beginning in December 2006. As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, principal outstanding amounted to US$59.1 million (Rp549,449 million) and US$117.6 million (Rp1,156,296 million), respectively.
b. Citibank N.A.
  1.  Hermes Export Facility
      On December 2, 2002, pursuant to the partnership agreement with Siemens Aktiengesellschaft (AG) (Note 50a.i), Telkomsel entered into the Hermes Export Facility Agreement (Facility) with Citibank International plc (as Original Lender and Agent) and Citibank N.A., Jakarta branch (as Arranger) covering a total facility of EUR76.2 million which is divided into several tranches.
      The agreement was subsequently amended on October 15, 2003, amending the Facility amount to EUR73.4 million and repayment dates.

F-67

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      The interest rate per annum on the Facility is determined based on the aggregate of the applicable margin, EURIBOR and mandatory cost, if any (i.e., 2.96% as of December 31, 2004 and 3.33% as of December 31, 2005). Interest is payable semi-annually, starting on the utilization date of the Facility (May 29, 2003).
      As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the outstanding balance was EUR51.4 million (Rp649,758 million) and EUR36.7 million (Rp427,718 million), respectively.
      The schedule of the principal payments on this long-term loan as of December 31, 2005 is as follows:
                 
    Amount
     
    EUR   Rupiah
Year   (in millions)   Equivalent
         
2006
     14.7       171,087  
2007
     14.7       171,087  
2008
     7.3       85,544  
             
      36.7       427,718  
             
  2.  High Performance Backbone (“HP Backbone”) Loans
      a. On April 10, 2002, the Company entered into a “Loan Agreement” with Citibank N.A. (Arranger) and Citibank International plc (Agent), which was supported by an export credit guarantee of Hermes Kreditversicherungs AG (Lender and Guarantor), providing a total facility of US$23.4 million.
      The facility was obtained to finance up to 85% of the cost of supplies and services sourced in Germany relating to the design, manufacture, construction, installation and testing of high performance backbone networks in Sumatra pursuant to the “Partnership Agreement” dated November 30, 2001, with PT Pirelli Cables Indonesia and PT Siemens Indonesia for the construction and provision of a high performance backbone in Sumatra.
      The lender required a fee of 8.4% of the total facility. This fee is paid twice during the agreement period, 15% of the fee is required to be paid in cash and 85% is included in the loan balance.
      As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the outstanding loan was US$16.8 million (Rp155,918 million) and US$12.6 million (Rp123,665 million), respectively. The loan is payable in ten semi-annual installments beginning in April 2004.
      Amounts drawn from the facility bear interest at a rate equal to the 6-month LIBOR plus 0.75% (i.e., 2.97% and 5.04% as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively).
      b. On April 10, 2002, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Citibank N.A. (as Arranger) and Citibank International plc (as Agent), which was supported by an export credit guarantee obtained from Istituto per I Servizi Assicurativi del Commercio Estero (“SACE Italy”) providing a total maximum facility to US$21.0 million. The facility was used to finance up to 85% of material and services procured in Italy in connection with the design, manufacture, development, installation and testing of Sub System VI, as part of HP Backbone network.

F-68

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      Amounts drawn from the facility bear fixed interest rate of 4.14%. The loans are payable in ten semi-annual installments beginning in December 2003. Total principal outstanding as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 was US$13.0 million (Rp120,809 million) and US$9.3 million (Rp91,257 million), respectively.
      During the period when the loans are outstanding, the Company is required to comply with all covenants or restrictions including maintaining financial ratios as follows:
      1. Debt service coverage ratio should exceed 1.5:1
      2. Debt to equity ratio should not exceed:
           a. 3:1 for the period of April 10, 2002 to January 1, 2003
           b. 2.75:1 for the period of January 2, 2003 to January 1, 2004
           c. 2.5:1 for the period of January 2, 2004 to January 1, 2005
           d. 2:1 for the period of January 2, 2005 to the full repayment date of the loans
      3. Debt to EBITDA ratio should not exceed:
           a. 3.5:1 for the period of April 10, 2002 to January 1, 2004
           b. 3:1 for the period of January 2, 2004 to the full repayment date of the loans
      The Company has breached a covenant in the loan agreements which stipulates that the Company will not make any loans or grant any credit to or for the benefit of any person which in aggregate exceed 3% of shareholders’ equity. As of May 12, 2006, the Company has obtained a written waiver from Citibank International plc with regard to providing loans to certain subsidiaries which in aggregate exceed 3% of shareholders’ equity.
  3.  EKN-Backed Facility
      On December 2, 2002, pursuant to the partnership agreement with PT Ericsson Indonesia (Note 50a.i), Telkomsel entered into the EKN-Backed Facility agreement (Facility) with Citibank International plc (as Original Lender and Agent) and Citibank N.A., Jakarta branch (as Arranger) covering a total facility amount of US$70.5 million which is divided into several tranches.
      The agreement was subsequently amended on December 17, 2004, to reduce the total Facility to US$68.9 million.
      The interest rate per annum on the Facility is determined based on the aggregate of the applicable margin, CIRR (Commercial Interest Reference Rate) and mandatory cost, if any (i.e., 4.02% and 4.02% as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively). Interest is payable semi-annually, starting on the utilization date of the Facility (July 31, 2003).
      In addition to the interest, in 2004, Telkomsel was also charged an insurance premium for the insurance guarantee given by EKN in favor of Telkomsel for loan utilization amounting to US$1.5 million, 15% of which was paid in cash. The remaining balance was settled through utilization of the Facility.
      The total amount drawn down from the Facility in 2004 and 2005 amounted to US$47.3 million (equivalent to Rp428,719 million) and nil, respectively. As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the

F-69

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
outstanding balance was US$56.1 million (Rp521,470 million) and US$40.6 million (Rp399,579 million), respectively.
      The schedule of the principal payments on this long-term loan as of December 31, 2005 is as follows:
                 
    Amount
     
    US$   Rupiah
Year   (in millions)   Equivalent
         
2006
     15.5       152,202  
2007
     15.5       152,202  
2008
     9.6       95,175  
             
      40.6       399,579  
             
      The following table summarizes the principal outstanding on loans from Citibank N.A. as of December 31, 2004 and 2005:
                                 
    2004   2005
         
    Foreign       Foreign    
    Currencies   Rupiah   Currencies   Rupiah
    (in millions)   Equivalent   (in millions)   Equivalent
                 
Hermes Export Facility
     EUR 51.4       649,758       EUR 36.7       427,718  
HP Backbone loans
   US$ 29.8       276,727     US$ 21.9       214,922  
EKN-Backed Facility
   US$ 56.1       521,470     US$ 40.6       399,579  
                         
Total
             1,447,955               1,042,219  
Current maturities
             (402,983 )             (401,013 )
                         
Long-term portion
             1,044,972               641,206  
                         
c. Bank Central Asia
      On April 10, 2002, the Company entered into a “Term Loan Agreement HP Backbone Sumatra Project” with Bank Central Asia, providing a total facility of Rp173,000 million. The facility was obtained to finance the Rupiah portion of the high performance backbone network in Sumatra pursuant to the “Partnership Agreement”.
      Amounts drawn from the facility bear interest at 4.35% plus the 3-month time deposit rate (10.02% and 13.27% as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively). The loans are payable in twelve unequal quarterly installments beginning in July 2004. The loan was originally scheduled to mature in October 2006 and was amended in 2004 to mature in April 2007.
      Total principal outstanding as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 was Rp143,489 million and Rp86,093 million, respectively.
      The loan facility from Bank Central Asia is not collateralized.

F-70

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      During the period when the loan is outstanding, the Company is required to comply with all covenants or restrictions including maintaining financial ratios as follows:
      1. EBITDA to interest ratio should exceed 4:1
      2. EBITDA to interest and principal ratio should exceed 1.5:1
      3. Debt to EBITDA ratio should not exceed 3:1
      The Company has breached a covenant in the loan agreement which stipulates that the Company will not make any loans to or for the benefit of any person which in aggregate exceed Rp500,000 million. As of April 24, 2006, the Company has obtained a written waiver from Bank Central Asia with regard to providing loans to certain subsidiaries which in aggregate exceed Rp500,000 million.
d. Consortium of banks
      On June 21, 2002, the Company entered into a loan agreement with a consortium of banks for a facility of Rp400,000 million to finance the Regional Division V Junction Project. Bank Bukopin, acting as the facility agent, charged interest at the rate of 19.5% for the first year from the signing date and at the rate of the average 3-month deposit rate plus 4% for the remaining years. The draw-down period expires 19 months from the signing of the loan agreement and the principal is payable in 14 quarterly installments starting from April 2004. The loan facility is secured by project equipment, with a value of not less than Rp500,000 million.
      Subsequently, based on an addendum to the loan agreement dated April 4, 2003, the loan facility was reduced to Rp150,000 million, the draw-down period was amended to expire 18 months from the signing of the addendum, the repayment schedule was amended to 14 quarterly installments starting from May 21, 2004 and ending on June 21, 2007, and the value of the project equipment secured was reduced to Rp187,500 million.
      As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, interest rate charged on the loan was 10.19% and 12.94%, respectively, and principal outstanding was Rp117,174 million and Rp74,890 million, respectively.
      During the period when the loan is outstanding, the Company is required to comply with all covenants or restrictions including maintaining financial ratios as follows:
      1. Debt to equity ratio should not exceed 3:1
      2. EBITDA to interest expense should exceed 5:1
      As of December 31, 2005, the Company complied with the above mentioned ratios.
e. Bank Mandiri
      On November 20, 2003, Dayamitra entered into a loan agreement with Bank Mandiri for a maximum facility of Rp39,925 million. As of December 31, 2003, the facility has been fully drawn down. This facility is repayable on a quarterly basis until the fourth quarter of 2005 and bears interest at 14.5% per annum which is subject to change to reflect change in market rate (11.25% and 14% as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively), and payable on a monthly basis. The loan is obtained to refinance Dayamitra’s payable to six contractors. As of December 31, 2004, principal outstanding under

F-71

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
this facility was Rp27,925 million. On December 23, 2005, the loan was fully repaid and on January 4, 2006, the loan agreement was terminated.
      On December 20, 2003, Dayamitra also obtained a credit facility from Bank Mandiri for a maximum facility of Rp40,000 million. The facility is repayable on a quarterly basis beginning from the end of the third quarter of 2004 until end of the fourth quarter of 2006 and bears interest at 14% per annum which is subject to change to reflect change in market rate (11.25% and 14% as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively). The loan is obtained to finance the construction of Fixed Wireless CDMA project pursuant to the procurement agreement entered between Dayamitra and Samsung Electronic Co. Ltd. As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, principal outstanding under this facility was Rp30,329 million and Rp14,328 million, respectively.
      The above loans are collateralized by Dayamitra’s telecommunications equipment/network with CDMA technology financed by these facilities, and Dayamitra’s share in the DKSOR of KSO VI. In addition, Dayamitra is required to maintain a minimum balance of Rp6,000 million in an escrow account established to facilitate loan repayments (Note 16b).
      On March 13, 2003, Balebat entered into a loan agreement with Bank Mandiri for a facility of Rp2,500 million. This facility is secured by Balebat’s operating equipment and will mature in July 2006. As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, interest rate charged on the loan was 19% and 17%, respectively, and is payable on a monthly basis. The principal is repayable on a monthly basis. As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, principal outstanding under this facility amounted to Rp1,475 million and Rp590 million, respectively.
f. Bank Niaga
      On July 18 and December 3, 2003, Balebat entered into loan agreements with Bank Niaga for facilities totaling Rp565 million. The facilities bear interest at 15% per annum and are secured by Balebat’s time deposits and vehicles. The principal and interest are payable on a monthly basis which will end in October 2005 and December 2005, respectively. As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, principal outstanding amounted to Rp249 million and nil, respectively.
      On December 28, 2004, Balebat entered into a loan agreement with Bank Niaga providing a total facility of Rp7,200 million comprising of Rp5,000 million to finance construction of plant (“Investment Facility”) which bears interest at 13.5% per annum and Rp2,200 million to finance purchase of machinery (“Specific Transaction Facility”) which bears interest at 12% per annum. The interest rate was subsequently increased to 17% per annum on December 1, 2005. The Investment Facility is repayable in 36 monthly installments commencing from March 31, 2005. The Specific Transaction Facility is repayable in 60 monthly installments commencing from June 29, 2005. These facilities are secured by Balebat’s property, plant and equipment with a value of Rp8,450 million. As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, principal outstanding under these facilities amounted to Rp7,081 million and Rp5,696 million, respectively.
      As discussed in Note 20d, on April 25, 2005, Balebat entered into a loan agreement with Bank Niaga for a total facility of Rp2,400 million which includes an investment credit facility of Rp1,600 million with maturity date of October 25, 2009. The investment credit facility loan is payable in 48 unequal monthly installments beginning in November 2005 through October 2009. The investment

F-72

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
credit facility bears interest at a rate equal to market rate plus 2% (17% as of December 31, 2005). As of December 31, 2005, the principal outstanding amounted to Rp1,533 million.
g. Bank Bukopin
      On May 11, 2005, Infomedia entered into loan agreements with Bank Bukopin for maximum facilities totaling Rp5,300 million. The loan is obtained to finance acquisition of a property. The loan is payable in 60 monthly installments. A portion of the facilities of Rp4,200 million will mature in June 2010 and the remainder of Rp1,100 million will mature in December 2010. As of December 31, 2005, interest rate charged on the loan was 15.75%. The facilities are secured by certain Infomedia’s property. As of December 31, 2005, the principal outstanding amounted to Rp5,001 million.
h. Deutsche Bank AG
      On June 28, 2002, the Company entered into a contract agreement with PT Siemens Indonesia and PT NEC Nusantara Communications for addition of Central Electronic Wahler Switching Digital (EWSD) and Nippon Electric Automatic Exchange (NEAX), respectively, in Regional Division V. Subsequently, 80% of the contract amounts were factored by the vendors to Deutsche Bank AG (Facility Agent). The loans bore fixed interest rate at 19% per annum and are repayable in two annual installments of Rp13,400 million beginning in December 2003 for loan ex-PT NEC Nusantara Communications and Rp41,009 million beginning in January 2004 for loan ex-PT Siemens Indonesia. As of December 31, 2004, the outstanding balance was Rp41,009 million. On January 4, 2005, the loan was fully repaid and the loan agreement was terminated.
i. Syndicated banks (Internet Protocol Backbone (“IP Backbone”) Loan)
      On February 25, 2002, the Company entered into a “Facility Funding Agreement” with Bank DBS Indonesia (syndicated agent and lender), Bank Bukopin (lender) and Bank Central Asia (“BCA”, lender), providing a total facility of US$4.0 million and Rp90,000 million to fund the IP Backbone project in 7 (seven) Regional Divisions or KSO regions divided into six batches.
      Amounts drawn in U.S. Dollars bear interest at 2% plus the highest of 1, 2 or 3 month SIBOR divided by 0.87% for the first year and 2% plus the 3 month SIBOR divided by 0.87% thereafter (4.875% as of December 31, 2004). Amounts drawn in Rupiah bear interest at 19% fixed for the first year and 5% plus the average of BCA’s and Bukopin’s interest rates (the highest of 1, 3, 6 or 12-month time deposit rate) thereafter (11.125% as of December 31, 2004).
      The loans are payable in eleven quarterly installments beginning in September 2002 and due on March 15, 2005.
      Total outstanding IP Backbone loans for Rupiah and U.S. Dollars as of December 31, 2004 are Rp8,088 million and US$0.4 million (Rp4,092 million), respectively. The loans were fully repaid on March 15, 2005 and the loan agreement was terminated.
      The Company pledged the property under construction as collateral for the IP Backbone loan with a maximum amount of US$14.6 million and Rp401 million.

F-73

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      Average interest rates for the loans during 2004 and 2005 were as follows:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Rupiah
     10.83% — 11.63%       11.125%  
U.S. Dollar
     3.31% — 4.88%       4.875%  
25.  LIABILITIES OF BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS
      This amount represents the Company’s obligation under the Promissory Notes issued to the Selling Stockholders of AWI in respect of the Company’s acquisition of 100% of AWI, to TM Communication (HK) Ltd. in respect of the Company’s exercise of the Option Agreement to purchase the remaining 9.68% of Dayamitra shares, and to MGTI in respect of the Company’s acquisition of KSO IV.
                   
    2004   2005
         
AWI transaction (Note 5c)
                
 
PT Aria Infotek
     479,373       394,294  
 
The Asian Infrastructure Fund
     114,136       93,879  
 
MediaOne International I B.V
     319,582       262,863  
 
Less discount on promissory notes
     (90,173 )     (57,298 )
             
      822,918       693,738  
             
Dayamitra transaction (Note 5a)
                
 
TM Communication (HK) Ltd. 
     139,752       147,791  
 
Less discount on promissory notes
     (11,883 )     (2,519 )
             
      127,869       145,272  
             
KSO IV transaction (Note 5d)
                
 
MGTI
     4,305,125       3,868,433  
 
Less discount
     (938,687 )     (717,090 )
             
      3,366,438       3,151,343  
             
Total
     4,317,225       3,990,353  
Current maturity — net of discount (Note 21a)
     (573,908 )     (862,394 )
             
Long-term portion — net of discount
     3,743,317       3,127,959  
             
26.  MINORITY INTEREST
                   
    2004   2005
         
Minority interest in net assets of subsidiaries:
                
 
Telkomsel
     4,857,089       6,208,354  
 
Infomedia
     80,883       96,835  
 
PII
     456       —  
 
GSD
     4       4  
             
Total
     4,938,432       6,305,193  
             

F-74

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                           
    2003   2004   2005
             
Minority interest in net income (loss) of subsidiaries:
                        
 
Telkomsel
     1,482,897       1,915,543       3,026,029  
 
Infomedia
     22,399       37,088       37,940  
 
Dayamitra
     11,584       9,139       —  
 
Indonusa
     (2,351 )     (1,959 )     —  
 
Napsindo
     (8,541 )     (2,068 )     —  
 
PII
     (2,511 )     (1,443 )     —  
 
GSD
     1       1       2  
                   
Total
     1,503,478       1,956,301       3,063,971  
                   
27. CAPITAL STOCK
                             
    2004
     
        Percentage of   Total Paid-up
Description   Number of Shares   Ownership   Capital
             
        %   Rp
Series A Dwiwarna share
                        
 
Government of the Republic of Indonesia
     1       —       —  
Series B shares
                        
 
Government of the Republic of Indonesia
     10,320,470,711       51.19       2,580,118  
 
JPMCB US Resident (Norbax Inc.)
     1,378,468,925       6.84       344,617  
 
The Bank of New York
     1,568,517,736       7.78       392,129  
 
Board of Commissioners
                        
   
Petrus Sartono
     19,116       —       5  
 
Board of Directors
                        
   
Kristiono
     25,380       —       6  
   
Suryatin Setiawan
     21,708       —       5  
   
Woeryanto Soeradji
     16,524       —       4  
 
Public (below 5% each)
     6,892,459,179       34.19       1,723,116  
                   
Total
     20,159,999,280       100.00       5,040,000  
                   

F-75

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                             
    2005
     
        Percentage of   Total Paid-up
Description   Number of Shares   Ownership   Capital
             
        %   Rp
Series A Dwiwarna share
                        
 
Government of the Republic of Indonesia
     1       —       —  
Series B shares
                        
 
Government of the Republic of Indonesia
     10,320,470,711       51.19       2,580,118  
 
JPMCB US Resident (Norbax Inc.)
     1,992,333,765       9.88       498,083  
 
The Bank of New York
     1,291,002,696       6.41       322,751  
 
Board of Commissioners
                        
   
Petrus Sartono
     19,116       —       5  
 
Board of Directors
                        
   
Garuda Sugardo
     16,524       —       4  
   
Abdul Haris
     1,000       —       —  
   
John Welly
     21,712       —       5  
   
Guntur Siregar
     19,980       —       5  
 
Public (below 5% each)
     6,556,113,775       32.52       1,639,029  
                   
Total
     20,159,999,280       100.00       5,040,000  
                   
28.  ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL
                 
    2004   2005
         
Proceeds from sale of 933,333,000 shares in excess of par value through initial public offering in 1995
     1,446,666       1,446,666  
Capitalization into 746,666,640 series B shares in 1999
     (373,333 )     (373,333 )
             
Total
     1,073,333       1,073,333  
             
29.  DIFFERENCE IN VALUE OF RESTRUCTURING TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN ENTITIES UNDER COMMON CONTROL
Cross-ownership transactions and acquisition of Pramindo
      On April 3, 2001, the Company signed a Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement with Indosat, for a series of transactions to consolidate their cross-ownership in certain companies. The transactions under the agreement are as follows:
        i. Acquisition by the Company of Indosat’s 35% equity interest in Telkomsel for US$945.0 million (“Telkomsel Transaction”);
 
        ii. Acquisition by Indosat of the Company’s 22.5% equity interest in PT Satelit Palapa Indonesia (“Satelindo”) for US$186.0 million (“Satelindo Transaction”);

F-76

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
        iii. Acquisition by Indosat of the Company’s 37.66% equity interest in PT Aplikanusa Lintasarta (“Lintasarta”) and convertible bonds of Rp4,051 million issued by Lintasarta for US$38.0 million (“Lintasarta Transaction”); and
 
        iv. The acquisition by Indosat of all of the Company’s rights and novation of all of the Company’s obligations, under the KSO IV Agreement dated October 20, 1995, between the Company and PT Mitra Global Telekomunikasi Indonesia (“MGTI”), together with all of the Company’s assets being used as KSO IV assets, for US$375.0 million (“KSO IV Transaction”).
      Lintasarta’s convertible bonds were subsequently converted into shares, thereby reducing the Company’s 37.66% equity interest to 37.21% prior to the consummation of the Lintasarta Transaction.
      The Telkomsel and Lintasarta Transactions were consummated on May 16, 2001 based on Deed of Share Transfer No. 1/ V/2001/triplo and No. 2/ V/2001/duplo, respectively, of Notary Ny. Liliana Arif Gondoutomo, S.H.
      The Satelindo Transaction was consummated on July 23, 2001 after DeTeAsia Holding GmbH and PT Bimagraha Telekomindo (the other Satelindo stockholders) waived their pre-emptive rights on 7.26% and 13.06% of Satelindo’s shares, respectively.
      On February 1, 2002, the Company and Indosat announced the cancellation of the KSO IV Transaction. As a result, the Company settled this portion of the cross-ownership transaction in cash.
      At the time of the transaction, the Government was the majority and controlling shareholder of both the Company and Indosat. Accordingly, the Telkomsel, Satelindo and Lintasarta Transactions have been accounted for as a restructuring of entities under common control. The Company’s acquisition of a controlling interest in Telkomsel was accounted for in a manner similar to that of pooling of interests accounting (carryover basis). Accordingly, for reporting purposes, the financial statements of the Company and those of Telkomsel have been combined, as if they had been combined from the beginning of the earliest period presented. The effects of the transactions between the Company and Telkomsel before the combination were eliminated in preparing the combined financial statements. On the consummation dates of the transactions, the difference between the consideration paid or received and the historical amount of the net assets of the investee acquired or carrying amount of the investment sold was included as “Difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control” in the stockholders’ equity section.
      As discussed in Note 5b, in connection with the acquisition of Pramindo on August 15, 2002, the portion representing Indosat’s 13% equity interest in Pramindo has been accounted for as a restructuring of entities under common control. On the acquisition date, the difference between the purchase consideration and the historical amount of the net assets acquired amounting to Rp296,038 million was included as “Difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control” in the stockholders’ equity section.

F-77

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      The difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control arising from cross-ownership transactions and acquisition of Pramindo can be summarized as follows:
                                                           
        Historical                    
    Consideration   Amount of                    
    Paid/   Net Assets/   Deferred   Change            
    (Received)   Investment   Income Tax   in Equity   Total   Tax   Net
                             
Cross-ownership transactions with Indosat in 2001:
                                                        
Acquisition of 35% equity interest in Telkomsel
     10,782,450       1,466,658       337,324       —       8,978,468       —       8,978,468  
Sale of 22.5% equity interest in Satelindo
     (2,122,260 )     —       —       (290,442 )     (2,412,702 )     (627,678 )     (1,785,024 )
Sale of 37.66% equity interest in Lintasarta
     (437,631 )     116,834       —       —       (320,797 )     (119,586 )     (201,211 )
                                           
 
Total
     8,222,559       1,583,492       337,324       (290,442 )     6,244,969       (747,264 )     6,992,233  
Acquisition of 13% equity interest in Pramindo in 2002 from Indosat (Note 5b)
     434,025       137,987       —       —       296,038       —       296,038  
                                           
Total
     8,656,584       1,721,479       337,324       (290,442 )     6,541,007       (747,264 )     7,288,271  
                                           
      On December 20, 2002, the Government sold its 41.94% ownership interest in Indosat to STTC and waived its special voting rights with respect to the Series A Dwiwarna share. As a result, as of December 20, 2002, the Government ceased to be the majority and controlling shareholder of Indosat and consequently, the Company no longer considers Indosat as a common control entity as of that date. As discussed in Note 4b, in connection with the adoption of PSAK 38R and pursuant to a ruling issued by BAPEPAM regarding the initial application of PSAK 38R by public companies, the Company has reclassified the difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control resulting from the cross-ownership transactions and acquisition of Pramindo as a charge to retained earnings as of January 1, 2005.
Compensation for early termination of exclusive rights
      As discussed in Note 1a, on July 31, 2002, the Government decided to terminate the Company’s exclusive rights to provide local and domestic long-distance fixed-line telecommunications services with effect from August 1, 2002.
      On March 30, 2004, the Minister of Communications issued Announcement No. PM.2 year 2004 regarding the Implementation of Restructuring in the Telecommunications Sector which, among others, provides that the Government shall pay compensation for early termination of exclusive rights to the Company amounting to Rp478,000 million net of tax.

F-78

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      On December 15, 2005, the Company signed an agreement on Implementation of Compensation for Termination of Exclusive Rights with the Ministry of Communications and Information — Directorate General of Post and Telecommunications. Pursuant to this agreement, the Government agreed to pay Rp478,000 million to the Company over a five-year period where Rp90,000 million shall be paid from the 2005 State budget, Rp90,000 million from the 2006 State budget and the remaining Rp298,000 million shall be paid gradually or in one lump-sum payment based on the State’s financial ability. In addition, the Company is required by the Government to use funds received from this compensation for development of telecommunications infrastructure.
      On December 30, 2005, the Company received the first payment of Rp90,000 million and recorded this amount in “Difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control” in the stockholders’ equity section. The amount is recorded as a component of stockholders’ equity because the Government is the majority and controlling shareholder of the Company. The Company will record the remaining amount of Rp388,000 million when received.
30.  TELEPHONE REVENUES
                           
    2003   2004   2005
             
Fixed lines
                        
 
Local and domestic long-distance usage
     6,561,800       7,439,310       7,223,137  
 
Monthly subscription charges
     1,948,830       2,934,899       3,289,750  
 
Installation charges
     223,130       201,313       197,266  
 
Phone cards
     34,371       15,561       10,943  
 
Others
     128,734       53,938       60,156  
                   
 
Total
     8,896,865       10,645,021       10,781,252  
                   
Cellular
                        
 
Air time charges
     7,677,884       9,825,738       13,666,286  
 
Monthly subscription charges
     580,550       448,472       383,537  
 
Connection fee charges
     194,053       55,797       64,110  
 
Features
     6,343       91,291       457,025  
                   
 
Total
     8,458,830       10,421,298       14,570,958  
                   
Total Telephone Revenues
     17,355,695       21,066,319       25,352,210  
                   
31. INTERCONNECTION REVENUES — NET
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Cellular
     3,908,292       5,351,613       6,685,138  
International
     184,097       641,210       854,766  
Other
     69,759       195,158       202,180  
                   
Total
     4,162,148       6,187,981       7,742,084  
                   

F-79

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
32. REVENUE UNDER JOINT OPERATION SCHEMES
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Minimum Telkom Revenues
     899,862       295,955       268,629  
Share in Distributable KSO Revenues
     583,012       349,528       318,556  
Amortization of unearned initial investor payments under Joint Operation Schemes
     3,433       11,131       1,462  
                   
Total
     1,486,307       656,614       588,647  
                   
      Distributable KSO Revenues represent the entire KSO revenues, less Minimum Telkom Revenue and operational expenses of the KSO Units. These revenues are shared between the Company and the KSO Investors based upon agreed percentages (Note 47).
      The Minimum Telkom Revenue and Share in Distributable KSO Revenues decreased in 2004 due to the acquisition and consolidation of KSO IV (Note 5d).
33. DATA AND INTERNET REVENUES
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
SMS
     2,205,058       3,562,726       5,309,244  
Internet
     325,890       554,948       711,375  
Data communication
     245,575       360,642       610,367  
VoIP
     328,284       318,854       292,750  
e-Business
     3,755       11,572       10,588  
                   
Total
     3,108,562       4,808,742       6,934,324  
                   
34. NETWORK REVENUES
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Leased lines
     247,005       443,408       347,105  
Satellite transponder lease
     270,860       210,901       239,531  
                   
Total
     517,865       654,309       586,636  
                   
35. REVENUE-SHARING ARRANGEMENT REVENUES
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Revenue-Sharing Arrangement revenues
     200,085       198,543       165,601  
Amortization of unearned income (Note 13)
     58,379       82,033       136,681  
                   
Total
     258,464       280,576       302,282  
                   

F-80

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
36. OPERATING EXPENSES — PERSONNEL
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
    (As restated*)
Salaries and related benefits
     1,574,181       1,796,914       2,165,895  
Vacation pay, incentives and other benefits
     816,055       1,156,069       1,615,640  
Early retirements
     355,735       243,466       486,374  
Net periodic post-retirement health care benefit cost (Note 44)
     641,435       416,276       488,586  
Net periodic pension cost (Note 42)
     190,974       572,419       532,331  
Employee income tax
     468,805       523,787       856,451  
Long service awards (Note 43)
     219,239       36,861       201,878  
Housing
     116,858       103,459       113,673  
Medical
     9,682       12,190       18,019  
Other employee benefits (Note 42)
     4,439       11,510       5,954  
Others
     42,693       37,014       78,246  
                   
Total
     4,440,096       4,909,965       6,563,047  
                   
37.  OPERATING EXPENSES — OPERATIONS, MAINTENANCE AND TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Operations and maintenance
     1,744,806       2,398,159       3,075,092  
Concession fees
     610,719       807,309       1,257,376  
Cost of phone, SIM and RUIM cards
     181,272       366,661       582,351  
Electricity, gas and water
     300,432       385,662       372,526  
Vehicles and supporting facilities
     115,697       181,737       217,217  
Insurance
     157,075       151,297       136,378  
Leased lines
     127,021       132,829       124,253  
Travelling
     29,815       42,213       33,455  
Others
     71,856       63,720       117,693  
                   
Total
     3,338,693       4,529,587       5,916,341  
                   
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R. (see Note 4a).

F-81

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
38. OPERATING EXPENSES — GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Professional fees
     115,598       137,355       131,047  
Collection expenses
     273,767       358,957       379,056  
Amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets (Note 15)
     730,659       872,330       918,153  
Training, education and recruitment
     126,927       228,524       177,853  
Travel
     144,677       192,567       171,657  
Security and screening
     110,278       143,892       164,416  
General and social contribution
     113,785       111,838       204,326  
Printing and stationery
     50,535       80,972       50,190  
Meetings
     42,813       58,333       40,311  
Provision for doubtful accounts and inventory obsolescence
     326,419       357,695       488,973  
Research and development
     9,111       13,225       8,396  
Others
     34,208       44,159       29,573  
                   
Total
     2,078,777       2,599,847       2,763,951  
                   
39.  INCOME TAX
a. Prepaid taxes
                   
    2004   2005
         
The Company
                
 
Refundable corporate income tax — overpayment
     38,370       —  
             
      38,370       —  
             
Subsidiaries
                
 
Corporate income tax
     34,515       13,352  
 
Value added tax
     4,343       5,561  
             
      38,858       18,913  
             
      77,228       18,913  
             

F-82

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
b. Taxes payable
                     
    2004   2005
         
The Company
                
 
Income tax
                
   
Article 21
     35,970       64,793  
   
Article 22
     3,057       5,055  
   
Article 23
     25,223       46,132  
   
Article 25
     94,857       117,281  
   
Article 26
     31,165       1,143  
   
Article 29
     508,909       376,140  
 
Value added tax
     101,683       256,523  
             
      800,864       867,067  
             
Subsidiaries
                
 
Income tax
                
   
Article 4
     4,437       3,318  
   
Article 21
     38,853       25,059  
   
Article 22
     930       —  
   
Article 23
     46,636       55,928  
   
Article 25
     151,318       203,254  
   
Article 26
     9,515       72,252  
   
Article 29
     427,641       1,207,247  
 
Value added tax
     112,285       35,640  
             
      791,615       1,602,698  
             
      1,592,479       2,469,765  
             

F-83

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
c. The components of income tax expense (benefit) are as follows:
                           
    2003   2004   2005
             
    (As restated*)
Current
                        
 
The Company
     1,886,283       1,922,238       2,034,248  
 
Subsidiaries
     1,904,997       2,344,873       3,685,396  
                   
      3,791,280       4,267,111       5,719,644  
                   
Deferred
                        
 
The Company
     (198,719 )     (330,630 )     (694,843 )
 
Subsidiaries
     268,529       242,045       159,086  
                   
      69,810       (88,585 )     (535,757 )
                   
      3,861,090       4,178,526       5,183,887  
                   
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-84

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
d. Corporate income tax is computed for each individual company as a separate legal entity (consolidated financial statements are not applicable for computing corporate income tax).
  The reconciliation of consolidated income before tax to income before tax attributable to the Company and the consolidated income tax expense are as follows:
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
    (As restated*)
Consolidated income before tax
     11,451,795       12,749,395       16,241,424  
Add back consolidation eliminations
     3,332,176       3,936,524       5,737,400  
                   
Consolidated income before tax and eliminations
     14,783,971       16,685,919       21,978,824  
Deduct income before tax of the subsidiaries
     (7,009,179 )     (8,485,296 )     (12,645,854 )
                   
Income before tax attributable to the Company
     7,774,792       8,200,623       9,332,970  
Less: Income subject to final tax
     (279,142 )     (206,601 )     (285,075 )
                   
      7,495,650       7,994,022       9,047,895  
Tax calculated at progressive rates
     2,248,678       2,398,189       2,714,351  
Non-taxable income
     (1,017,791 )     (1,181,983 )     (1,724,483 )
Non-deductible expenses
     328,835       322,884       315,041  
Deferred tax (assets) liabilities originating from previously unrecognized temporary differences, net
     71,144       (14,940 )     (6,900 )
Deferred tax assets that cannot be utilized, net
     —       24,045       —  
                   
Corporate income tax expense
     1,630,866       1,548,195       1,298,009  
Final income tax expense
     56,698       43,413       41,396  
                   
Total income tax expense of the Company
     1,687,564       1,591,608       1,339,405  
Income tax expense of the subsidiaries
     2,173,526       2,586,918       3,844,482  
                   
Total consolidated income tax expense
     3,861,090       4,178,526       5,183,887  
                   
  The reconciliation between income before tax attributable to the Company and the estimated taxable income for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 is as follows:
                           
    2003   2004   2005
             
    (As restated*)
Income before tax attributable to the Company
     7,774,792       8,200,623       9,332,970  
Less: Income subject to final tax
     (279,142 )     (206,601 )     (285,075 )
                   
      7,495,650       7,994,022       9,047,895  
                   
Temporary differences:
                        
 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
     442,029       415,805       880,578  
 
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment
     (25,495 )     (12,874 )     (2,143 )
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
     166,341       491,577       308,193  
 
Accounts receivable written-off
     (79,728 )     (91,865 )     (336,715 )
 
Allowance for inventory obsolescence
     5,543       11,385       11,228  
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-85

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                           
    2003   2004   2005
             
    (As restated*)
 
Inventory written-off
     (693 )     —       (12,183 )
 
Accrued early retirement benefits
     (538,170 )     (132,810 )     —  
 
Accrued employee benefits
     262,082       (139,064 )     67,792  
 
Net periodic pension cost
     (271,503 )     (264,796 )     (164,008 )
 
Long service awards
     (15,617 )     (46,908 )     69,264  
 
Amortization of intangible assets
     751,927       851,060       896,883  
 
Amortization of landrights
     (2,356 )     (3,419 )     (3,441 )
 
Provision for impairment of property, plant and equipment
     (6,401 )     —       616,768  
 
Gain on sale of long-term investments
     (171,334 )     —       —  
 
Temporary differences of KSO units
     4,782       —       —  
 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment under revenue-sharing arrangements
     63,424       82,415       96,114  
 
Amortization of unearned income on revenue-sharing arrangements
     (58,379 )     (82,033 )     (135,662 )
 
Revenue from transfer of property, plant and equipment under revenue-sharing arrangements
     34,828       —       —  
 
Interest income/receivable
     (45,835 )     45,835       —  
 
Payments of liability of business acquisition and the related interest
     —       (233,337 )     (405,302 )
 
Consultant fees for acquisition of business
     —       (27,797 )     —  
 
Foreign exchange loss on liability of business acquisition
     —       342,073       190,206  
 
Foreign exchange losses capitalized to property under construction
     —       (74,283 )     —  
 
Capital leases
     —       —       21,359  
 
Loss on procurement commitments
     —       —       79,359  
 
Other provisions
     —       —       114,854  
                   
 
Total temporary differences
     515,445       1,130,964       2,293,144  
                   
Permanent differences:
                        
 
Net periodic post-retirement health care benefit cost
     634,385       408,498       483,045  
 
Amortization of goodwill
     21,270       21,270       21,270  
 
Amortization of discount on promissory notes
     224,931       109,786       74,632  
 
Tax penalties
     —       14,645       59,850  
 
Equity in net income of associates and subsidiaries
     (3,313,831 )     (3,939,944 )     (5,748,277 )
 
Gain on sale of long-term investments
     (38,425 )     —       —  
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-86

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
    (As restated*)
Income from land/building rental
     (40,380 )     —       —  
Others
     599,631       523,568       411,339  
                   
Total permanent differences
     (1,912,419 )     (2,862,177 )     (4,698,141 )
                   
Taxable income subject to corporate income tax
     6,098,676       6,262,809       6,642,898  
                   
Corporate income tax expense
     1,829,585       1,878,825       1,992,852  
Final income tax expense
     56,698       43,413       41,396  
                   
Total current income tax expense of the Company
     1,886,283       1,922,238       2,034,248  
Current income tax expense of the subsidiaries
     1,904,997       2,344,873       3,685,396  
                   
Total current income tax expense
     3,791,280       4,267,111       5,719,644  
                   
      In 2003, Telkomsel received tax assessment letters for all taxes covering the fiscal years 2000 and 2001. Telkomsel filed an objection on a portion of the 2001 assessments which was partly approved by Director of General of Taxes. As a result, Telkomsel charged tax underpayments to expense in 2003 amounting to Rp32,283 million.
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-87

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
e. Deferred tax assets and liabilities
      The details of the Company’s and subsidiaries’ deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
                                   
            (Charged)/    
            Credited to    
    December 31,   Business   Statements of   December 31,
    2003   Acquisitions   Income   2004
                 
            (As restated*)   (As restated*)
The Company
                                
Deferred tax assets:
                                
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
     118,845       —       88,834       207,679  
 
Allowance for inventory obsolescence
     11,527       —       3,967       15,494  
 
Long-term investments
     (14,138 )     —       18,823       4,685  
 
Accrued early retirement benefits
     39,843       —       (39,843 )     —  
 
Accrued employee benefits
     84,385       —       (41,720 )     42,665  
 
Accrued long service awards
     142,084       —       (14,073 )     128,011  
 
Net periodic pension cost
     511,143       —       (77,704 )     433,439  
 
Liabilities of business acquisitions
     —       985,609       24,323       1,009,932  
                         
Total deferred tax assets
     893,689       985,609       (37,393 )     1,841,905  
                         
Deferred tax liabilities:
                                
 
Interest receivables
     (13,750 )     —       13,750       —  
 
Difference between book and tax property, plant and equipment’s net book value
     (1,568,675 )     (713,140 )     83,161       (2,198,654 )
 
Landrights
     (546 )     —       (1,025 )     (1,571 )
 
Revenue-sharing arrangements
     (58,453 )     —       16,816       (41,637 )
 
Intangible assets
     (1,527,798 )     (341,909 )     255,321       (1,614,386 )
                         
Total deferred tax liabilities
     (3,169,222 )     (1,055,049 )     368,023       (3,856,248 )
                         
Deferred tax liabilities of the Company, net
     (2,275,533 )     (69,440 )     330,630       (2,014,343 )
                         
Deferred tax liabilities of the subsidiaries, net
     (671,179 )     —       (242,045 )     (913,224 )
                         
Total deferred tax liabilities, net
     (2,946,712 )                     (2,927,567 )
                         
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-88

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                                   
            (Charged)/    
            Credited to    
    December 31,   Business   Statements   December 31,
    2004   Acquisitions   of Income   2005
                 
    (As restated*)            
The Company
                                
Deferred tax assets:
                                
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
     207,679       —       (2,283 )     205,396  
 
Allowance for inventory obsolescence
     15,494       —       (1,842 )     13,652  
 
Long-term investments
     4,685       —       1,981       6,666  
 
Accrued employee benefits
     42,665       —       20,338       63,003  
 
Accrued long service awards
     128,011       —       20,780       148,791  
 
Net periodic pension cost
     433,439       —       (49,202 )     384,237  
 
Capital leases
     —       —       6,408       6,408  
 
Liabilities of business acquisitions
     1,009,932       —       (64,529 )     945,403  
 
Accrued expenses
     —       —       58,265       58,265  
                         
Total deferred tax assets
     1,841,905       —       (10,084 )     1,831,821  
                         
Deferred tax liabilities:
                                
 
Difference between book and tax property, plant and equipment’s net book value
     (2,198,654 )     —       432,437       (1,766,217 )
 
Landrights
     (1,571 )     —       (1,033 )     (2,604 )
 
Revenue-sharing arrangements
     (41,637 )     —       4,461       (37,176 )
 
Intangible assets
     (1,614,386 )     —       269,062       (1,345,324 )
                         
Total deferred tax liabilities
     (3,856,248 )     —       704,927       (3,151,321 )
                         
Deferred tax liabilities of the Company, net
     (2,014,343 )     —       694,843       (1,319,500 )
                         
Deferred tax liabilities of the subsidiaries, net
     (913,224 )     —       (159,086 )     (1,072,310 )
                         
Total deferred tax liabilities, net
     (2,927,567 )                     (2,391,810 )
                         
      The net deferred tax liabilities of subsidiaries as of December 31, 2005 included deferred tax assets of Rp123,309 million arising from tax loss carryforwards amounting to Rp411,030 million which will expire in 2006. Realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon profitable operations. Although realization is not assured, the Company and its subsidiaries believe that it is probable that these deferred tax assets will be realized through the reduction of future taxable income. The amount of deferred tax assets considered realizable, however, could be reduced if actual future taxable income is lower than estimated.
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-89

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
f. Administration
      Under the taxation laws of Indonesia, the Company submits tax returns on the basis of self-assessment. The tax authorities may assess or amend taxes within ten years from the date the tax became payable.
      The Company and its subsidiaries are being audited by the tax authorities for various fiscal years. These tax audits are not finalized at the date of these financial statements; however, management believes that the outcome of these tax audits will not be significant.
40.  BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE
      Net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year, totaling 20,159,999,280 in 2003, 2004 and 2005.
      The Company does not have potentially dilutive ordinary shares.
41.  CASH DIVIDENDS AND GENERAL RESERVE
      Pursuant to the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders as stated in notarial deed No. 17/ V/2003 dated May 9, 2003 of A. Partomuan Pohan, S.H., LL.M., the stockholders approved the distribution of cash dividends for 2002 amounting to Rp3,338,109 million or Rp331.16 per share (pre-split — Note 1b), and appropriation of Rp813,664 million for general reserve.
      In connection with the restatement of the consolidated financial statements for the three years ended December 31, 2002, the stockholders ratified the previous declaration of dividends in the Extraordinary General Meeting of Stockholders as stated in notarial deed No. 4 dated March 10, 2004 of Notary A. Partomuan Pohan, S.H., LLM. as follows:
  • Dividends for 2002 amounting to Rp3,338,109 million or Rp331.16 per share (pre-split), social contribution fund (“Dana Bina Lingkungan”) of Rp20,863 million and appropriated Rp813,664 million for general reserves.
 
  • Dividends for 2001 amounting to Rp2,125,055 million or Rp210.82 per share (pre-split), and appropriated Rp425,012 million for general reserves.
 
  • Dividends for 2000 amounting to Rp888,654 million or Rp88.16 per share (pre-split), and appropriated Rp126,950 million for general reserves.
      Pursuant to the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders as stated in notarial deed No. 25 dated July 30, 2004 of A. Partomuan Pohan, S.H., LL.M., the stockholders approved the distribution of cash dividends for 2003 amounting to Rp3,043,614 million or Rp301.95 per share (pre-split) and appropriation of Rp121,745 million for general reserve.
      On December 7, 2004, the Company decided to distribute 2004 interim cash dividends of Rp143,377 million or Rp7.11 per share to the Company’s stockholders.
      Pursuant to the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders as stated in notarial deed No. 36 dated June 24, 2005 of A. Partomuan Pohan, S.H., LL.M., the stockholders approved the distribution of cash dividends for 2004 amounting to Rp3,064,604 million or Rp152.01 per share (of which

F-90

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
Rp143,377 million or Rp7.11 per share was distributed as interim cash dividends in December 2004) and appropriation of Rp122,584 million for general reserve.
42.  PENSION PLANS
a. The Company
      The Company sponsors a defined benefit pension plan and a defined contribution pension plan.
      The defined benefit pension plan is provided for employees hired with permanent status prior to July 1, 2002. The pension benefits are paid based on the participating employees’ latest basic salary at retirement and years of service. The plan is managed by Telkom Pension Fund (Dana Pensiun Telkom). The participating employees contribute 18% (before March 2003: 8.4%) of their basic salaries to the plan. The Company’s contributions to the pension fund for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 amounted to Rp486,324 million, Rp845,743 million and Rp698,526 million, respectively.
      In 2002, the Company amended its defined benefit pension plan to increase the pension benefits for certain participating employees above 56 years of age, beneficiaries of deceased participating employees or employees with physical disabilities. The increase applies to participating employees who retired on or after July 1, 2002. The Company also increased pension benefits for employees who retired prior to August 1, 2000 by 50%, effective January 1, 2003.
      The defined contribution pension plan is provided for employees hired with permanent status on or after July 1, 2002. The plan is managed by a financial institution pension fund (Dana Pensiun Lembaga Keuangan). The Company’s annual contribution to the defined contribution pension plan is determined based on a certain percentage of the participants’ salaries and amounted to Rp124 million, Rp399 million and Rp971 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.

F-91

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      The following table presents the change in projected benefit obligation, the change in plan assets, funded status of the plan and the net amount recognized in the Company’s balance sheets for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 for its defined benefit pension plan:
                 
    2004   2005
         
    (As restated*)    
Change in projected benefit obligation
                
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
     6,852,923       7,315,182  
Service cost
     137,264       138,117  
Interest cost
     740,494       789,830  
Plan participants’ contributions
     43,906       41,371  
Actuarial gain
     (155,128 )     (794,180 )
Benefits paid
     (304,277 )     (350,220 )
             
Projected benefit obligation at end of year
     7,315,182       7,140,100  
             
Change in plan assets
                
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
     3,671,309       4,884,523  
Actual return on plan assets
     627,842       155,754  
Employer contribution
     845,743       698,526  
Plan participants’ contributions
     43,906       41,371  
Benefits paid
     (304,277 )     (350,220 )
             
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
     4,884,523       5,429,954  
             
Funded status
     (2,430,659 )     (1,710,146 )
Unrecognized prior service cost
     1,329,046       1,190,024  
Unrecognized net actuarial gain
     (346,298 )     (762,899 )
             
Accrued pension benefit cost
     (1,447,911 )     (1,283,021 )
             
      The movement of the accrued pension benefit cost during the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 is as follows:
                 
    2004   2005
         
    (As restated*)    
Accrued pension benefit cost at beginning of year
     1,713,546       1,447,911  
Net periodic pension cost less amounts charged to KSO Units
     563,739       514,976  
Amounts charged to KSO Units under contractual agreement
     16,369       18,660  
Contributions
     (845,743 )     (698,526 )
             
Accrued pension benefit cost at end of year
     1,447,911       1,283,021  
             
      As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, plan assets consist mainly of Indonesian Government Bonds and corporate bonds. As of December 31, 2004, plan assets include bonds and Series B shares issued by the Company with fair values of Rp159,253 million and Rp96,063 million, respectively. As of
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-92

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
December 31, 2005, plan assets include bonds and Series B shares issued by the Company with fair values of Rp223,736 million and Rp124,189 million, respectively.
      The actuarial valuations for the defined benefit pension plan performed based on measurement date of December 31 for each of the years were prepared on May 21, 2004, March 15, 2005 and February 27, 2006, respectively, by PT Watson Wyatt Purbajaga, an independent actuary in association with Watson Wyatt Worldwide. The principal actuarial assumptions used by the independent actuary as of December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 are as follows.
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Discount rate
     11 %     11 %     11 %
Expected long-term return on plan assets
     11 %     10.5 %     10.5 %
Rate of compensation increase
     8 %     8 %     8.8 %
      The components of net periodic pension cost are as follows:
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
    (As restated*)
Service cost
     119,089       137,264       138,117  
Interest cost
     537,797       740,494       789,830  
Expected return on plan assets
     (421,706 )     (436,672 )     (533,333 )
Amortization of prior service cost
     156,784       139,022       139,022  
Recognized actuarial gain
     (205,099 )     —       —  
Amortization of unrecognized net transition obligation
     28,634       —       —  
                   
Net periodic pension cost
     215,499       580,108       533,636  
Amount charged to KSO Units under contractual agreement
     (29,896 )     (16,369 )     (18,660 )
                   
Total net periodic pension cost less amounts charged to KSO Units (Note 36)
     185,603       563,739       514,976  
                   
b. Telkomsel
      Telkomsel provides a defined benefit pension plan for its employees under which pension benefits to be paid are based on the employee’s latest basic salary and number of years of service. PT Asuransi Jiwasraya (“Jiwasraya”), a state-owned life insurance company, manages the plan. Up to 2004, the employees contributed 5% of their monthly basic salaries to the plan and Telkomsel contributed any remaining amount required to fund the plan. Beginning in 2005, the entire contributions are borne by Telkomsel.
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-93

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      Telkomsel’s contributions to Jiwasraya amounted to Rp3,081 million, nil and Rp14,928 million for the years ended 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      The components of the net periodic pension cost are as follows:
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Service cost
     3,068       4,155       10,072  
Interest cost
     2,499       3,889       6,650  
Expected return on plan assets
     (1,013 )     (824 )     (832 )
Amortization of prior service cost
     —       115       115  
Recognized actuarial loss
     579       1,158       1,320  
Amortization of unrecognized net transition obligation
     178       —       —  
                   
Net periodic pension cost (Note 36)
     5,311       8,493       17,325  
                   
      The net periodic pension cost for the pension plan is calculated based on the actuarial calculation prepared by PT Watson Wyatt Purbajaga, an independent actuary in association with Watson Wyatt Worldwide. The principal actuarial assumptions used by the independent actuary based on measurement date of December 31 for each of the years are as follows:
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Discount rate
     11 %     11 %     11 %
Expected long-term return on plan assets
     7.5 %     7.5 %     7.5 %
Rate of compensation increase
     9 %     9 %     8 %
      The reconciliation of the funded status of the plan with the net amount recognized in the balance sheets of Telkomsel as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 is as follows:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Projected benefit obligation
     (43,547 )     (147,103 )
Fair value of plan assets
     11,182       20,971  
             
Funded status
     (32,365 )     (126,132 )
Unrecognized prior service cost
     1,328       1,213  
Unrecognized net actuarial loss
     20,707       103,391  
             
Accrued pension benefit cost
     (10,330 )     (21,528 )
             

F-94

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
c. Infomedia
      Infomedia provides a defined benefit pension plan for its employees. The reconciliation of the funded status of the plan with the net amount recognized in the balance sheets as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 is as follows:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Projected benefit obligation
     (4,051 )     (5,225 )
Fair value of plan assets
     5,413       5,865  
             
Funded status
     1,362       640  
             
Prepaid pension benefit cost
     1,362       640  
             
      The net periodic pension cost of Infomedia amounted to Rp60 million, Rp187 million and Rp30 million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
d. Obligation Under Labor Law
      Under Law No. 13/2003 concerning labor regulation, the Company and its subsidiaries are required to provide a minimum pension benefit, if not already covered by the sponsored pension plans, to their employees upon retiring at the age of 55. The total related obligation recognized as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 amounted to Rp21,677 million and Rp26,115 million, respectively. The total related employee benefit cost charged to expense amounted to Rp4,439 million, Rp11,510 million and Rp5,954 million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
43.  LONG SERVICE AWARDS
a. The Company
      The Company provides certain cash awards for its employees who meet certain length of service requirement. The benefits are either paid at the time the employee reaches certain anniversary dates during employment, upon retirement or termination.
      The actuarial valuations for the long service awards performed based on measurement date of December 31 for each of the years were prepared on May 21, 2004, March 15, 2005 and February 27, 2006, respectively, by PT Watson Wyatt Purbajaga, an independent actuary in association with Watson Wyatt Worldwide. The principal actuarial assumptions used by the independent actuary as of December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 are as follows:
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Discount rate
     11 %     11 %     11 %
Rate of compensation increase
     8 %     8 %     8 %

F-95

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      The movement of the accrued long service awards during the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 is as follows:
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
    (As restated*)
Accrued long service awards at beginning of year
     489,231       473,614       426,705  
Net periodic benefit cost (Note 36)
     207,126       31,148       192,450  
Benefits paid
     (222,743 )     (78,057 )     (123,186 )
                   
Accrued long service awards at end of year
     473,614       426,705       495,969  
                   
b. Telkomsel
      Telkomsel provides certain cash awards for its employees based on the employees’ length of service. The benefits are either paid at the time the employee reaches certain anniversary dates during employment, upon retirement or at the time of termination.
      The obligation with respect to these awards is determined based on actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method, and amounted to Rp23,136 million and Rp28,555 million as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively. The related benefit cost charged to expense amounted to Rp12,113 million, Rp5,713 million and Rp9,428 million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
44. POST-RETIREMENT HEALTH CARE BENEFITS
      The Company provides a post-retirement health care plan for all of its employees hired before November 1, 1995 who have worked for the Company for 20 years or more when they retire, and to their eligible dependents. The requirement of working for over 20 or more years does not apply to employees who retired prior to June 3, 1995. However, the employees hired by the Company starting from November 1, 1995 will no longer be entitled to this plan. The plan is managed by Yayasan Kesehatan Pegawai Telkom (“YKPT”).
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-96

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      The components of net periodic post-retirement health care benefit cost are as follows:
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
    (As restated*)
Service cost
     88,394       76,163       87,636  
Interest cost
     493,596       411,110       507,994  
Expected return on plan assets
     (56,004 )     (61,084 )     (103,498 )
Amortization of prior service gain
     (368 )     —       —  
Recognized actuarial loss
     99,287       —       8,081  
Amortization of unrecognized net transition obligation
     24,325       —       —  
                   
Net periodic post-retirement benefit cost
     649,230       426,189       500,213  
Amounts charged to KSO Units under contractual agreement
     (7,795 )     (9,913 )     (11,627 )
                   
Total net periodic post-retirement benefit cost less amounts charged to KSO Units (Note 36)
     641,435       416,276       488,586  
                   
      The actuarial valuations for the post-retirement health care benefits performed based on measurement date of December 31 for each of the years were prepared on May 21, 2004, March 15, 2005 and February 27, 2006, respectively, by PT Watson Wyatt Purbajaga, an independent actuary in association with Watson Wyatt Worldwide.
      The principal actuarial assumptions used by the independent actuary as of December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 are as follows:
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Discount rate
     11 %     11 %     11 %
Expected long-term return on plan assets
     11 %     8 %     8 %
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year
     12 %     12 %     9 %
The ultimate trend rate
     8 %     8 %     9 %
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate
     2006       2007       2006  
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-97

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      The following table presents the change in projected benefit obligation, the change in plan assets, funded status of the plan and the net amount recognized in the Company’s balance sheets as of December 31, 2004 and 2005:
                 
    2004   2005
         
    (As restated*)    
Change in projected benefit obligation
                
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
     3,787,389       4,681,005  
Service cost
     76,163       87,636  
Interest cost
     411,110       507,994  
Actuarial loss
     529,618       423,833  
Benefits paid
     (123,275 )     (125,979 )
             
Projected benefit obligation at end of year
     4,681,005       5,574,489  
             
Change in plan assets
                
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
     505,340       1,138,768  
Actual return on plan assets
     32,173       45,209  
Employer contributions
     724,530       435,899  
Benefits paid
     (123,275 )     (125,979 )
             
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
     1,138,768       1,493,897  
             
Funded status
     (3,542,237 )     (4,080,592 )
Unrecognized net actuarial loss
     558,530       1,032,571  
             
Accrued post-retirement health care benefit cost
     (2,983,707 )     (3,048,021 )
             
      As of December 31, 2004, plan assets include Medium-term Notes issued by the Company with fair value of Rp145,000 million. As of December 31, 2005, plan assets include bonds and Medium-term Notes issued by the Company with total fair value of Rp232,394 million.
      The movement of the accrued post-retirement health care benefit cost during the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 is as follows:
                 
    2004   2005
         
    (As restated*)    
Accrued post-retirement health care benefit cost at beginning of year
     3,282,048       2,983,707  
Net periodic post-retirement health care benefit cost less amounts charged to KSO Units
     416,276       488,586  
Amounts charged to KSO Units under contractual agreement
     9,913       11,627  
Contributions
     (724,530 )     (435,899 )
             
Accrued post-retirement health care benefit cost at end of year
     2,983,707       3,048,021  
             
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-98

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      A 1% increase in the cost trend rate would result in service cost and interest cost, and accumulated post-retirement health care benefit obligation as of December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 as follows:
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Service cost and interest cost
     594,958       723,941       872,159  
Accumulated post-retirement health care benefit obligation
     4,545,961       5,597,965       6,718,434  
45. RELATED PARTY INFORMATION
      In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries entered into transactions with related parties. It is the Company’s policy that the pricing of these transactions be the same as those of arms-length transactions.
      The following are significant agreements/transactions with related parties:
a. Government of the Republic of Indonesia
      i. The Company obtained “two-step loans” from the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, the Company’s majority stockholder.
      Interest expense for two-step loans amounted to Rp755,517 million, Rp489,220 million and Rp324,652 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Interest expense for two-step loan reflected 54.6%, 38.5% and 27.6% of total interest expense in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      ii. The Company and its subsidiaries pay concession fees for telecommunications services provided and radio frequency usage charges to the Ministry of Communications (formerly, Ministry of Tourism, Post and Telecommunications) of the Republic of Indonesia.
      Concession fees amounted to Rp238,979 million, Rp314,741 million and Rp558,485 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Concession fees reflected 1.6%, 1.6% and 2.3% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Radio frequency usage charges amounted to Rp371,740 million, Rp492,568 million and Rp548,186 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Radio frequency usage charges reflected 2.5%, 2.5% and 2.2% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      iii. Beginning in 2005, the Company and its subsidiaries pay Universal Service Obligation (“USO”) charges to the Ministry of Communications and Information (“MoCI”) of the Republic of Indonesia pursuant to the MoCI Regulation No. 15/ PER/ M.KOMINFO/9/2005 of September 30, 2005.
      USO charges amounted to Rp307,705 million in 2005, which reflected 1.2% of total operating expenses in 2005.
b. Commissioners and Directors Remuneration
      i. The Company and its subsidiaries provide honorarium and facilities to support the operational duties of the Board of Commissioners. The total of such benefits amounted to Rp14,047 million, Rp22,700 million and Rp19,707 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, which reflected 0.1%, 0.1% and 0.1% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.

F-99

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      ii. The Company and its subsidiaries provide salaries and facilities to support the operational duties of the Board of Directors. The total of such benefits amounted to Rp45,586 million, Rp50,327 million and Rp52,147 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, which reflected 0.3%, 0.3% and 0.2% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
c. Indosat
      Through December 19, 2002, the Government was the majority and controlling shareholder of Indosat and therefore, Indosat was under the same common control as the Company. Following the sale of the Government’s 41.94% ownership interest in Indosat on December 20, 2002 (Note 29), the Government’s ownership interest in Indosat was reduced to approximately 15%. The Company still considers Indosat as a related party because the Government can exert significant influence over the financial and operating policies of Indosat by virtue of its right to appoint one director and one commissioner of Indosat.
      Following the merger of Indosat, PT Indosat Multimedia Mobile (“IM3”), Satelindo and PT Bimagraha Telekomindo on November 20, 2003, all rights and obligations arising from the agreements entered by the Company with IM3 and Satelindo were transferred to Indosat.
      The Company has an agreement with Indosat for the provision of international telecommunications services to the public.
      The principal matters covered by the agreement are as follows:
        i. The Company provides a local network for customers to make or receive international calls. Indosat provides the international network for the customers, except for certain border towns, as determined by the Director General of Post and Telecommunications of the Republic of Indonesia. The international telecommunications services include telephone, telex, telegram, package switched data network, television, teleprinter, Alternate Voice/ Data Telecommunications (“AVD”), hotline and teleconferencing.
 
        ii. The Company and Indosat are responsible for their respective telecommunications facilities.
 
        iii. Customer billing and collection, except for leased lines and public phones located at the international gateways, are handled by the Company.
 
        iv. The Company receives compensation for the services provided in the first item above, based on the interconnection tariff determined by the Minister of Communications of the Republic of Indonesia.
      The Company has also entered into an interconnection agreement between the Company’s fixed-line network and Indosat’s cellular network in connection with the implementation of Indosat Multimedia Mobile services and the settlement of the related interconnection rights and obligations.
      The Company also has an agreement with Indosat for the interconnection of Indosat’s GSM mobile cellular telecommunications network with the Company’s PSTN, enabling the Company’s customers to make outgoing calls to or receive incoming calls from Indosat’s customers.
      The Company’s compensation relating to leased lines/channel services, such as International Broadcasting System (“IBS”), AVD and bill printing is calculated at 15% of Indosat’s revenues from

F-100

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
such services. Through year-end 2003, Indosat leased circuits from the Company to link Jakarta, Medan and Surabaya. In 2004 and 2005, Indosat did not use this service.
      The Company has been handling customer billings and collections for Indosat. Indosat is gradually taking over the activities and performing its own direct billing and collection. The Company receives compensation from Indosat computed at 1% of the collections made by the Company beginning January 1, 1995, plus the billing process expenses which are fixed at a certain amount per record.
      Telkomsel also entered into an agreement with Indosat for the provision of international telecommunications services to GSM mobile cellular customers. The principal matters covered by the agreement are as follows:
        i. Telkomsel’s GSM mobile cellular telecommunications network is connected to Indosat’s international gateway exchanges to make outgoing or receive incoming international calls through Indosat’s international gateway exchanges.
 
        ii. Telkomsel’s GSM mobile cellular telecommunications network is connected to Indosat’s mobile cellular telecommunications network, enabling Telkomsel’s cellular subscribers to make outgoing calls to or receive incoming calls from Indosat’s cellular subscribers.
 
        iii. Telkomsel receives as compensation for the interconnection, a specific percentage of Indosat’s revenues from the related services which are made through Indosat’s international gateway exchanges and mobile cellular telecommunications network.
 
        iv. Billings for calls made by Telkomsel’s customers are handled by Telkomsel. Telkomsel is obliged to pay Indosat’s share of revenue regardless whether billings to customers have been collected.
 
        v. The provision and installation of the necessary interconnection equipment is Telkomsel’s responsibility. Interconnection equipment installed by one of the parties in another party’s locations shall remain the property of the party installing such equipment. Expenses incurred in connection with the provision of equipment, installation and maintenance are borne by Telkomsel.
      Telkomsel also has an agreement with Indosat on the usage of Indosat’s telecommunications facilities. The agreement, which was made in 1997 and is valid for eleven years, is subject to change based on an annual review and mutual agreement by both parties. The charges for the usage of the facilities amounted to Rp17,933 million, Rp19,101 million and Rp19,066 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, reflecting 0.1%, 0.1% and 0.1% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Other agreements between Telkomsel and Indosat are as follows:
        i. Agreement on Construction and Maintenance for Jakarta-Surabaya Cable System (“J-S Cable System”).
 
        On October 10, 1996, Telkomsel, Lintasarta, Satelindo and Indosat (the “Parties”) entered into an agreement on the construction and maintenance of the J-S Cable System. The Parties have formed a management committee which consists of a chairman and one representative from each of the Parties to direct the construction and operation of the cable system. The construction of the cable system was completed in 1998. In accordance with the agreement, Telkomsel shared 19.325% of the total construction cost. Operating and maintenance costs are shared based on an agreed formula.

F-101

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
        Telkomsel’s share in operating and maintenance costs amounted to Rp1,393 million, Rp2,098 million and Rp1,187 million for the years 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
 
        ii. Indefeasible Right of Use Agreement
 
        On September 21, 2000, Telkomsel entered into agreement with Indosat on the use of SEA — ME — WE 3 and tail link in Jakarta and Medan. In accordance with the agreement, Telkomsel was granted an indefeasible right to use certain capacity of the Link starting from September 21, 2000 until September 20, 2015 in return for an upfront payment of US$2.7 million. In addition to the upfront payment, Telkomsel is also charged annual operating and maintenance costs amounting to US$0.1 million.
      Pursuant to the expiration of the agreement between Telkomsel and Indosat with regard to the provision of international telecommunication services to GSM mobile cellular customers, in April 2004 Telkomsel and Indosat entered into an interim agreement. Under the terms of the interim agreement, Telkomsel receives 27% of the applicable tariff for outgoing international calls from Telkomsel subscribers and Rp800 per minute for incoming international calls to Telkomsel subscribers. The interim agreement is effective from March 1, 2004 until such date that Telkomsel and Indosat enter into a new agreement.
      The Company and its subsidiaries earned net interconnection revenues from Indosat of Rp235,655 million in 2003, reflecting 0.9% of total operating revenues in 2003. The Company and its subsidiaries were charged net interconnection charges from Indosat of Rp158,285 million and Rp52,798 million in 2004 and 2005, respectively, reflecting 0.5% and 0.1% of total operating revenues in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      The Company leased international circuits from Indosat. Payments made in relation to the lease expense amounted to Rp30,239 million in 2003, reflecting 0.2% of total operating expenses for 2003.
      In 1994, the Company transferred to Satelindo the right to use a parcel of Company-owned land located in Jakarta which had been previously leased to Telekomindo, an associated company. Based on the transfer agreement, Satelindo is given the right to use the land for 30 years and can apply for the right to build properties thereon. The ownership of the land is retained by the Company. Satelindo agreed to pay Rp43,023 million to the Company for the thirty-year right. Satelindo paid Rp17,210 million in 1994 and the remaining Rp25,813 million was not paid because the Utilization Right (“Hak Pengelolaan Lahan”) on the land could not be delivered as provided in the transfer agreement. In 2000, the Company and Satelindo agreed on an alternative solution resulting in which the payment is treated as a lease expense up to 2006. In 2001, Satelindo paid an additional amount of Rp59,860 million as lease expense up to 2024. As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the prepaid portion is shown in the consolidated balance sheets as “Advances from customers and suppliers.”
      The Company provides leased lines to Indosat and its subsidiaries, namely Indosat Mega Media and Lintasarta. The leased lines can be used by those companies for telephone, telegraph, data, telex, facsimile or other telecommunication services. Revenue earned from these transactions amounted to Rp43,595 million, Rp109,814 million and Rp126,425 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, which reflected 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.3% of total operating revenues in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      Lintasarta utilizes the Company’s satellite transponders or frequency channels. Revenue earned from these transactions amounted to Rp23,672 million, Rp14,486 million and Rp8,125 million in 2003,

F-102

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
2004 and 2005, respectively, which reflected 0.1%, less than 0.1% and less than 0.1% of total operating revenues in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      Telkomsel has an agreement with Lintasarta and PT Artajasa Pembayaran Elektronis (“Artajasa”) for the usage of data communication network system. The charges from Lintasarta and Artajasa for the services amounted to Rp10,975 million, Rp21,407 million and Rp23,109 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, reflecting 0.1%, 0.1% and 0.1% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
d. Others
      (i) The Company provides telecommunication services to substantially all Government agencies in Indonesia.
      (ii) The Company has entered into agreements with Government agencies and associated companies, namely CSM, Patrakom and KSO VII, for utilization of the Company’s satellite transponders or frequency channels. Revenue earned from these transactions amounted to Rp73,205 million, Rp51,046 million and Rp66,804 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, which reflected 0.3%, 0.2% and 0.2% of total operating revenues in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      (iii) The Company provides leased lines to associated companies, namely CSM, Patrakom and PSN. The leased lines can be used by the associated companies for telephone, telegraph, data, telex, facsimile or other telecommunications services. Revenue earned from these transactions amounted to Rp44,738 million, Rp25,714 million and Rp30,678 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, reflecting 0.2%, 0.1% and 0.1% of total operating revenues in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      (iv) The Company purchases property and equipment including construction and installation services from a number of related parties. These related parties include PT Industri Telekomunikasi Indonesia (“PT INTI”), Lembaga Elektronika Nasional, PT Adhi Karya, PT Pembangunan Perumahan, PT Nindya Karya, PT Boma Bisma Indra, PT Wijaya Karya, PT Waskita Karya, PT Gratika and Koperasi Pegawai Telkom. Total purchases made from these related parties amounted to Rp126,965 million, Rp268,901 million and Rp337,648 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, reflecting 1.1%, 2.4%, and 2.5% of total fixed asset purchases in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      (v) PT INTI is also a major contractor and supplier of equipment, including construction and installation services for Telkomsel. Total purchases from PT INTI in 2003, 2004 and 2005 amounted to Rp52,346 million, Rp217,668 million and Rp67,555 million, respectively, reflecting 0.5%, 1.9% and 0.5% of total fixed asset purchases in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      (vi) Telkomsel has an agreement with PSN for lease of PSN’s transmission link. Based on the agreement, which was made on March 14, 2001, the minimum lease period is 2 years since the operation of the transmission link and is extendable subject to agreement by both parties. The lease charges amounted to Rp40,519 million, Rp49,710 million and Rp95,206 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, reflecting 0.3%, 0.3% and 0.4% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      (vii) The Company and its subsidiaries carry insurance (on their property, plant and equipment against property losses, inventory and on employees’ social security) obtained from PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia, PT Asuransi Tenaga Kerja and PT Persero Asuransi Jiwasraya, which are state-owned

F-103

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
insurance companies. Insurance premiums charged amounted to Rp159,517 million, Rp148,279 million and Rp58,338 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, reflecting 1.1%, 0.8% and 0.2% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      (viii) The Company and its subsidiaries maintain current accounts and time deposits in several state-owned banks. In addition, some of those banks are appointed as collecting agents for the Company. Total placements in form of current accounts and time deposits, and mutual funds in state-owned banks amounted to Rp2,116,038 million and Rp3,315,428 million as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively, reflecting 3.8% and 5.3% of total assets as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Interest income recognized during 2003, 2004 and 2005 was Rp273,986 million, Rp150,367 million and Rp123,951 million reflecting 74.9%, 47.3% and 36% of total interest income in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      (ix) The Company’s subsidiaries have loans from a state-owned bank. Interest expense on the loans for 2004 and 2005 amounted to Rp9,115 million and Rp5,055 million, respectively, representing 0.7% and 0.4% of total interest expense in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      (x) The Company leases buildings, purchases materials and construction services, and utilizes maintenance and cleaning services from Dana Pensiun Telkom and PT Sandhy Putra Makmur, a subsidiary of Yayasan Sandikara Putra Telkom — a foundation managed by Dharma Wanita Telkom. Total charges from these transactions amounted to Rp32,785 million, Rp24,921 million and Rp39,146 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, reflecting 0.2%, 0.1% and 0.2% of total operating expenses in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      (xi) In 2003, the Company purchased encoded phone cards from Perusahaan Umum Percetakan Uang Republik Indonesia (“Peruri”), a state-owned company. The cost of the phone cards amounted to Rp7,730 million, reflecting 0.05% of total operating expenses for 2003.
      (xii) The Company and its subsidiaries earned (were charged for) interconnection revenues (charges) from PSN, with a total of Rp19,035 million, (Rp5,495 million) and Rp1,072 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, reflecting 0.1%, (0.02%) and less than 0.01% of total operating revenues in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      (xiii) In addition to revenues earned under the KSO Agreement (Note 47), the Company also earned income from building rental, repairs and maintenance services and training services provided to the KSO Units, amounting to Rp23,147 million, Rp18,449 million and Rp26,769 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, reflecting 0.1%, 0.1% and 0.1% of total operating revenues in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      (xiv) The Company has revenue-sharing arrangements with Koperasi Pegawai Telkom (“Kopegtel”). Kopegtel’s share in the revenues from these arrangements amounted to Rp20,560 million and Rp31,909 million in 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 0.1% and 0.1% of total operating revenues in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      (xv) Telkomsel has operating lease agreements with Patrakom and CSM for the usage of their transmission link for a period of three years, subject to extensions. The lease charges amounted to

F-104

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
Rp25,032 million and Rp123,857 million in 2004 and 2005, respectively, representing 0.1% and 0.5% of total operating expenses in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
                (xvi) Kisel is a cooperative that was established by Telkomsel’s employees to engage in car rental services, printing and distribution of customer bills, collection and other services principally for the benefit of Telkomsel. For these services, Kisel charged Telkomsel Rp109,548 million and Rp78,714 million in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Telkomsel also has dealership agreements with Kisel for distribution of SIM cards and pulse reload vouchers. Total SIM cards and pulse reload vouchers which were sold to Kisel amounted to Rp816,591 million and Rp1,158,559 million in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      (xvii) Infomedia provides electronic media and call center services to KSO Unit VII based on an agreement dated March 4, 2003. Revenue earned from these transactions in 2004 and 2005 amounted to Rp5,541 million and Rp9,221 million, reflecting 0.02% and 0.02% of total operating revenues in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      (xviii) The Company has also seconded a number of its employees to related parties to assist them in operating their business. In addition, the Company provided certain of its related parties with the right to use its buildings free of charge.
      Presented below are balances of accounts with related parties:
                                   
    2004 (As restated*)   2005
         
        % of       % of
    Amount   Total Assets   Amount   Total Assets
                 
a. Cash and cash equivalents (Note 6)
     1,944,154       3.46       3,058,854       4.92  
                         
b. Temporary investments
     7,290       0.01       —       —  
                         
c. Trade accounts receivable, net (Note 7)
     419,104       0.75       530,370       0.85  
                         
d. Other accounts receivable
                                
 
KSO Units
     1,300       0.00       93,959       0.15  
 
State-owned banks (interest)
     5,717       0.01       8,555       0.01  
 
Government agencies
     5,433       0.01       421       0.00  
 
Other
     16,765       0.03       16,304       0.03  
                         
 
Total
     29,215       0.05       119,239       0.19  
                         
e. Prepaid expenses (Note 9)
     22,440       0.04       299,799       0.48  
                         
f. Other current assets (Note 10)
     44,608       0.08       159,537       0.26  
                         
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-105

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                                   
    2004 (As restated*)   2005
         
        % of       % of
    Amount   Total Assets   Amount   Total Assets
                 
g. Advances and other non-current assets (Note 14)
                                
 
Bank Mandiri
     113,762       0.20       90,668       0.15  
 
Peruri
     813       0.00       813       0.00  
 
PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia
     23,104       0.04       —       0.00  
                         
 
Total
     137,679       0.24       91,481       0.15  
                         
h. Escrow accounts (Note 16)
     6,222       0.01       6,369       0.01  
                         
                                   
    2004 (As restated*)   2005
         
        % of       % of
        Total       Total
    Amount   Liabilities   Amount   Liabilities
                 
i. Trade accounts payable (Note 17)
                                
 
Government agencies
     259,678       0.78       660,166       2.03  
 
KSO Units
     24,312       0.07       15,281       0.05  
 
Indosat
     150,631       0.45       46,372       0.14  
 
Koperasi Pegawai Telkom
     78,717       0.24       78,673       0.24  
 
PSN
     39       0.00       —       —  
 
PT INTI
     77,591       0.23       125,792       0.39  
 
Others
     52,126       0.16       88,105       0.27  
                         
 
Total
     643,094       1.93       1,014,389       3.12  
                         
j. Accrued expenses (Note 18)
                                
 
Government agencies and state-owned ba
     nks 204,50       4 0.62       395,791       1.22  
 
Employees
     321,237       0.97       452,413       1.39  
 
PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia
     2,040       0.01       2,038       0.01  
 
Others
     9,729       0.03       38,442       0.11  
                         
 
Total
     537,510       1.63       888,684       2.73  
                         
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-106

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                                   
    2004 (As restated*)   2005
         
        % of       % of
        Total       Total
    Amount   Liabilities   Amount   Liabilities
                 
k. Short-term bank loans (Note 20)
                                
 
Bank Mandiri
     41,433       0.13       —       —  
                         
l. Two-step loans (Note 22)
     6,018,705       18.18       5,329,477       16.36  
                         
m. Accrued long service awards (Note 43)
     449,841       1.36       524,524       1.61  
                         
n. Accrued post-retirement health care benefits (Note 44)
     2,983,707       9.01       3,048,021       9.36  
                         
o. Long-term bank loans (Note 24)
                                
 
Bank Mandiri
     59,729       0.18       14,918       0.05  
                         
46. SEGMENT INFORMATION
      The Company and its subsidiaries have three main business segments: fixed wireline, fixed wireless and cellular. The fixed wireline segment provides local, domestic long-distance and international (starting 2004) telephone services, and other telecommunications services (including among others, leased lines, telex, transponder, satellite and Very Small Aperture Terminal-VSAT) as well as ancillary services. The fixed wireless segment provides CDMA-based telecommunication services which offers customers the ability to use a wireless handset with limited mobility (within a local code area). The cellular segment provides basic telecommunication services, particularly mobile cellular telecommunication services. Operating segments that do not individually represent more than 10% of the Company’s revenues are presented as “Other” comprising the telephone directories and building management businesses. In 2005, a re-alignment of management responsibilities caused a change in segment reporting. The fixed wireless telecommunication services business segment is now presented as a separate segment. This change in segment has been reflected for all periods presented.
      Segment revenues and expenses include transactions between business segments and are accounted for at prices that management believes represent market prices.
 
*  The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-107

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                                                         
    2003
     
    Fixed   Fixed       Total Before       Total
    Wireline   Wireless   Cellular   Other   Elimination   Elimination   Consolidated
                             
Segment results
                                                        
External operating revenues
     15,905,112       163,384       10,797,555       249,872       27,115,923       —       27,115,923  
Inter-segment operating revenues
     71,938       50,715       337,100       30,824       490,577       (490,577 )     —  
                                           
Total revenues
     15,977,050       214,099       11,134,655       280,696       27,606,500       (490,577 )     27,115,923  
                                           
Segment expense
     (10,350,686 )     (246,165 )     (4,802,283 )     (275,499 )     (15,674,633 )     534,649       (15,139,984 )
                                           
Segment result
     5,626,364       (32,066 )     6,332,372       5,197       11,931,867       44,072       11,975,939  
                                           
Interest expense
                                                     (1,383,446 )
Interest income
                                                     366,024  
Gain on foreign exchange — net
                                                     126,121  
Other income (expenses) — net
                                                     364,338  
Tax expense
                                                     (3,861,090 )
Equity in net income of associated companies
                                                     2,819  
                                           
Income before minority interest
                                                     7,590,705  
Unallocated minority interest
                                                     (1,503,478 )
                                           
Net income
                                                     6,087,227  
                                           

F-108

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                                                         
    2003
     
    Fixed   Fixed       Total Before       Total
    Wireline   Wireless   Cellular   Other   Elimination   Elimination   Consolidated
                             
Other information
                                                        
Segment assets
     35,896,448       1,382,038       15,320,547       357,940       52,956,973       (3,880,055 )     49,076,918  
Investments in associates
     64,648       —       —       —       64,648       —       64,648  
Unallocated corporate assets
                                                     1,141,683  
                                           
Total consolidated assets
                                                     50,283,249  
                                           
Segment liabilities
     (4,752,981 )     (27,576 )     (1,312,045 )     (55,731 )     (6,148,333 )     2,427,484       (3,720,849 )
Unallocated corporate liabilities
                                                     (25,541,368 )
                                           
Total consolidated liabilities
                                                     (29,262,217 )
                                           
Capital expenditures
     (4,320,024 )     (1,378,377 )     (5,348,783 )     (61,672 )     (11,108,856 )     —       (11,108,856 )
                                           
Depreciation and amortization
     (3,090,414 )     (35,809 )     (1,680,554 )     (9,824 )     (4,816,601 )     11,916       (4,804,685 )
                                           
Amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets
     (709,389 )     —       —       (21,270 )     (730,659 )     —       (730,659 )
                                           
Other non-cash expenses
     (210,646 )     —       (113,904 )     (4,308 )     (328,858 )     —       (328,858 )
                                           

F-109

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                                                         
    2004 (As restated*)
     
    Fixed   Fixed       Total Before       Total
    Wireline   Wireless   Cellular   Other   Elimination   Elimination   Consolidated
                             
Segment results
                                                        
External operating revenues
     18,860,835       575,436       14,201,786       309,709       33,947,766       —       33,947,766  
Inter-segment operating revenues
     4,302       (51,083 )     534,790       51,063       539,072       (539,072 )     —  
                                           
Total revenues
     18,865,137       524,353       14,736,576       360,772       34,486,838       (539,072 )     33,947,766  
                                           
Segment expenses
     (12,207,726 )     (789,599 )     (6,757,243 )     (320,698 )     (20,075,266 )     715,380       (19,359,886 )
                                           
Segment result
     6,657,411       (265,246 )     7,979,333       40,074       14,411,572       176,308       14,587,880  
                                           
Interest expense
                                                     (1,270,136 )
Interest income
                                                     317,941  
Loss on foreign exchange — net
                                                     (1,220,760 )
Other income (expenses) — net
                                                     331,050  
Tax expense
                                                     (4,178,526 )
Equity in net income of associated companies
                                                     3,420  
                                           
Income before minority interest
                                                     8,570,869  
Unallocated minority interest
                                                     (1,956,301 )
                                           
Net income
                                                     6,614,568  
                                           
Other information
                                                        
Segment assets
     34,493,795       3,048,671       18,988,939       414,165       56,945,570       (2,396,426 )     54,549,144  
Investments in associates
     73,323       —       9,290       —       82,613       —       82,613  
Unallocated corporate assets
                                                     1,547,435  
                                           
Total consolidated assets
                                                     56,179,192  
                                           
Segment liabilities
     (2,821,945 )     (86,780 )     (1,712,623 )     (87,346 )     (4,708,694 )     987,442       (3,721,252 )
Unallocated corporate liabilities
                                                     (29,391,472 )
                                           
Total consolidated liabilities
                                                     (33,112,724 )
                                           
Capital expenditures
     (4,340,591 )     (1,807,518 )     (4,982,744 )     (66,691 )     (11,197,544 )     —       (11,197,544 )
                                           
Depreciation and amortization
     (3,568,196 )     (229,983 )     (2,651,028 )     (18,740 )     (6,467,947 )     14,590       (6,453,357 )
                                           
Amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets
     (851,060 )     —       —       (21,270 )     (872,330 )     —       (872,330 )
                                           
Other non-cash expenses
     (244,356 )     —       (100,737 )     (5,338 )     (350,431 )     —       (350,431 )
                                           
 
*  The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-110

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                                                         
    2005
     
    Fixed   Fixed       Total Before       Total
    Wireline   Wireless   Cellular   Other   Elimination   Elimination   Consolidated
                             
Segment results
                                                        
External operating revenues
     19,637,386       1,449,725       20,384,856       335,217       41,807,184       —       41,807,184  
Inter-segment operating revenues
     305,382       (167,935 )     691,188       70,475       899,110       (899,110 )     —  
                                           
Total revenue
     19,942,768       1,281,790       21,076,044       405,692       42,706,294       (899,110 )     41,807,184  
                                           
Segment expense
     (14,378,819 )     (2,174,656 )     (8,774,996 )     (328,184 )     (25,656,655 )     1,020,221       (24,636,434 )
                                           
Segment result
     5,563,949       (892,866 )     12,301,048       77,508       17,049,639       121,111       17,170,750  
                                           
Interest expense
                                                     (1,177,268 )
Interest income
                                                     344,686  
Loss on foreign exchange — net
                                                     (516,807 )
Other income (expenses) — net
                                                     409,184  
Tax expense
                                                     (5,183,887 )
Equity in net income of associated companies
                                                     10,879  
                                           
Income before minority interest
                                                     11,057,537  
Unallocated minority interest
                                                     (3,063,971 )
                                           
Net income
                                                     7,993,566  
                                           
Other information
                                                        
Segment assets
     33,980,509       3,617,374       25,444,587       455,644       63,498,114       (2,260,681 )     61,237,433  
Investments in associates
     92,110       —       9,290       —       101,400       —       101,400  
Unallocated corporate assets
                                                     832,211  
                                           
Total consolidated assets
                                                     62,171,044  
                                           
Segment liabilities
     (2,890,445 )     (459,284 )     (2,547,874 )     (111,620 )     (6,009,223 )     886,435       (5,122,788 )
Unallocated corporate liabilities
                                                     (27,450,662 )
                                           
Total consolidated liabilities
                                                     (32,573,450 )
                                           
Capital expenditures
     (2,037,866 )     (1,388,876 )     (10,085,755 )     (40,460 )     (13,552,957 )     —       (13,552,957 )
                                           
Depreciation and amortization
     (4,006,246 )     (537,284 )     (3,046,632 )     (23,322 )     (7,613,484 )     11,919       (7,601,565 )
                                           
Write-down of assets and loss on procurement commitments
     —       (696,127 )     —       —       (696,127 )     —       (696,127 )
                                           

F-111

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                                                         
    2005
     
    Fixed   Fixed       Total Before       Total
    Wireline   Wireless   Cellular   Other   Elimination   Elimination   Consolidated
                             
Amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets
     (896,883 )     —       —       (21,270 )     (918,153 )     —       (918,153 )
                                           
Other non-cash expenses
     (292,357 )     (21,582 )     (171,192 )     (4,783 )     (489,914 )     —       (489,914 )
                                           
47. JOINT OPERATION SCHEMES (“KSO”)
      In 1995, the Company and five investors (PT Pramindo Ikat Nusantara, PT AriaWest International, PT Mitra Global Telekomunikasi Indonesia, PT Dayamitra Telekomunikasi and PT Bukaka Singtel International) entered into agreements for Joint Operation Schemes (“KSO”) and KSO construction agreements for the provision of telecommunication facilities and services for the Sixth Five-Year Development Plan (“Repelita VI”) of the Republic of Indonesia. The five investors undertook the development and operation of the basic fixed telecommunications facilities and services in five of the Company’s seven regional divisions.
      Following the Indonesian economics crisis that began in mid-1997, certain KSO investors experienced difficulties in fulfilling their commitment under the KSO agreements. As remedial measures instituted by both the Company and those certain KSO investors did not fully remedy this situation, the Company entered into agreements with some of the KSO investors to acquire those KSO investors (Dayamitra in 2001, Pramindo in 2002 and AWI in 2003 — Note 5) and currently controls the related KSOs through its ownership of such KSO investors. In January 2004, the Company acquired full operational control of the KSO IV operations (Note 5). Accordingly, the revenue sharing percentage in those KSOs is no longer relevant as the financial statements of the acquired KSO investors and the related KSOs are consolidated into the Company’s financial statements since the date of acquisition. Subsequent to January 2004, only Regional Division VII is operated by a KSO investor, PT Bukaka Singtel International (“BSI”), which is not controlled by the Company.
      Under the Joint Operation Scheme between the Company and BSI, the KSO Unit VII is required to make payments to the Company consisting of the following:
  • Minimum Telkom Revenue (“MTR”)
      Represents the amount guaranteed by the KSO investor to be paid to the Company in accordance with the KSO agreement.
  • Distributable KSO Revenues (“DKSOR”)
      DKSOR are the entire KSO revenues, less the MTR and the operational expenses of the KSO Units, as provided in the KSO agreement. These revenues are shared between the Company and BSI based on agreed upon percentages.
      The DKSOR from fixed wireless revenues (“Telkom Flexi Revenues”) are shared between the Company and BSI based on a ratio of 95% and 5%, respectively.
      The DKSOR from non-Telkom Flexi Revenues are shared between the Company and BSI based on a ratio of 35% and 65%, respectively.

F-112

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      At the end of the KSO period, all rights, title and interests of BSI in existing installations and all work in progress, inventories, equipment, materials, plans and data relating to any approved additional new installation projects then uncompleted or in respect of which the tests have not been successfully completed, shall be sold and transferred to the Company without requiring any further action by any party, upon payment by the Company to the KSO investor of:
        i. the net present value, if any, of the KSO investor’s projected share in DKSOR from the additional new installations forming part of the KSO system on the termination date over the balance of the applicable payback periods, and
 
        ii. an amount to be agreed upon between the Company and the KSO investor as a fair compensation in respect of any uncompleted or untested additional new installations transferred.
48. REVENUE-SHARING ARRANGEMENTS
      The Company has entered into separate agreements with several investors under Revenue-Sharing Arrangements (“RSA”) to develop fixed lines, public card-phone booths (including their maintenance) and related supporting telecommunications facilities.
      As of December 31, 2005, the Company has 90 RSA with 63 partners. The RSA are located mainly in Palembang, Pekanbaru, Jakarta, East Java and Kalimantan with concession periods ranging from 16 to 176 months.
      Under the RSA, the investors finance the costs incurred in developing telecommunications facilities. Upon completion of the construction, the Company manages and operates the facilities and bears the cost of repairs and maintenance during the revenue-sharing period. The investors legally retain the rights to the property, plant and equipment constructed by them during the revenue-sharing periods. At the end of each revenue-sharing period, the investors transfer the ownership of the facilities to the Company at a nominal price.
      Generally, the revenues earned from the customers in the form of line installation charges are allocated in full to the investors. The revenues from outgoing telephone pulses and monthly subscription charges are shared between the investors and the Company based on certain agreed ratio.
      The net book value of property, plant and equipment under RSA which have been transferred to property, plant and equipment amounted to Rp53,589 million and Rp55,441 million in 2004 and 2005, respectively (Note 13).
      The investors’ share of revenues amounted to Rp442,633 million, Rp891,165 million and Rp513,528 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
49. TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES TARIFFS
      Under Law No. 36 year 1999 and Government Regulation No. 52 year 2000, tariffs for the use of telecommunications network and telecommunication services are determined by providers based on the tariffs category, structure and with respect to fixed line telecommunication services price cap formula set by the Government.

F-113

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
Fixed Line Telephone Tariffs
      Fixed line telephone tariffs are imposed for network access and usage. Access charges consist of a one-time installation charge and a monthly subscription charge. Usage charges are measured in pulses and classified as either local or domestic long-distance. The tariffs depend on call distance, call duration, the time of day, the day of the week and holidays.
      Tariffs for fixed line telephone are regulated under Minister of Communications Decree No. KM.12 year 2002 dated January 29, 2002 concerning the addendum of the decree of Minister of Tourism, Post and Telecommunication (“MTPT”) No. 79 year 1995, concerning the Method for Basic Tariff Adjustment on Domestic Fixed Line Telecommunication Services. Furthermore, the Minister of Communications issued Letter No. PK 304/1/3 PHB-2002 dated January 29, 2002 concerning increase in tariffs for fixed line telecommunications services. According to the letter, tariffs for fixed line domestic calls would increase by 45.49% over three years. The average increase in 2002 was 15%. This increase was effective on February 1, 2002. The implementation of the planned increase in the tariff in 2003, however, was postponed by the Minister of Communications through letter No. PR.304/1/1/ PHB-2003 dated January 16, 2003.
      Based on the Announcement No. PM.2 year 2004 of the Minister of Communications dated March 30, 2004, the Company adjusted the tariffs effective April 1, 2004 as follows:
  • Local charges increased by an average of 28%
 
  • DLD charges decreased by an average of 10%
 
  • Monthly subscription charges increased by an average of 12% to 25%, depending on customer segment.
Mobile Cellular Telephone Tariffs
      Tariffs for cellular providers are set on the basis of the MTPT Decree No. KM. 27/ PR.301/ MPPT-98 dated February 23, 1998. Under the regulation, the cellular tariffs consist of activation fees, monthly charges and usage charges.
      The maximum tariff for the activation fee is Rp200,000 per new subscriber number. The maximum tariff for the monthly charges is Rp65,000. Usage charges consist of the following:
a. Air time
      The maximum basic airtime tariff charged to the originating cellular subscriber is Rp325/minute. Charges to the originating cellular subscriber are calculated as follows:
             
1. Cellular to cellular
     :     2 times airtime rate
2. Cellular to PSTN
     :     1 time airtime rate
3. PSTN to cellular
     :     1 time airtime rate
4. Card phone to cellular
     :     1 time airtime rate plus 41% surcharge

F-114

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
b. Usage tariffs
      1. Usage tariffs charged to a cellular subscriber who makes a call to a fixed line (“PSTN”) subscriber are the same as the usage tariffs applied to PSTN subscribers. For the use of local PSTN network, the tariffs are computed at 50% of the prevailing local PSTN tariffs.
      2. The long-distance usage tariffs between two different service areas charged to a cellular subscriber are the same as the prevailing tariffs for domestic long-distance call (“SLJJ”) applied to PSTN subscribers.
      Based on the Decree No. KM. 79 year 1998 of the Ministry of Communications, the maximum tariff for prepaid customers may not exceed 140% of the peak time tariffs for post-paid subscribers.
      Based on the Announcement No. PM.2 year 2004 of the Minister of Communications dated March 30, 2004, Telkomsel adjusted its tariffs by eliminating the tariff subsidy from long-distance calls. This resulted in a 9% tariff increase.
Interconnection Tariffs
      The Government establishes the percentage of tariffs to be received by each operator in respect of calls that transit multiple networks. The Telecommunications Law and Government Regulation No. 52 of 2000 provides for the implementation of a new policy to replace the current revenue sharing policy. Under the new policy, which has not yet been implemented, the operator of the network on which calls terminate would determine the interconnection charge to be received by it based on a formula to be mandated by the Government, which would be intended to have the effect of requiring that operators charge for calls based on the costs of carrying such calls. On March 11, 2004, the MoC issued Decree No. 32/2004, which stated that cost-based interconnection fees shall be applicable beginning January 1, 2005. The effective date of this decree was subsequently postponed until January 1, 2007 based on the Ministry Regulation No. 08/ Per/ M. KOMINF/02/2006 dated February 8, 2006.
i. Interconnection with Fixed line Network
      The Government’s National Fundamental Technical Plan set forth in Decree 4 of 2001, as amended by Decree 28 of 2004, sets out the technical requirements, routing plans and numbering plans for interconnection of the networks of various telecommunications operators among themselves and with the Company’s fixed line network. Under the National Fundamental Technical Plan, all operators are permitted to interconnect with the Company’s fixed line network for access thereto and to other networks, such as international gateways and the networks of other cellular operators. In addition, cellular operators may interconnect directly with other networks without connecting to the Company’s fixed line network. Currently, the fees for interconnection are set forth in Decree No. 506/1997, Decree No. 46/1998, Decree No. 37/1999 and Decree No. 30/2000.
      Fixed line Interconnection with Indosat. Currently, the fixed line interconnection between the Company and Indosat is generally based on their agreement signed in 2005. Pursuant to the agreement between the Company and Indosat, for interconnection of local and domestic long-distance calls, the operator of the network on which the calls terminate receives an agreed amount per minute.
      Other Fixed Wireline Interconnection. Since September 1, 1998, the Company has been receiving a share of the tariffs from Batam Bintan Telekomunikasi (“BBT”), which is a local operator with a special

F-115

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
coverage area on Batam Island, for each successful call that transits or terminates on the Company’s fixed line network. Under the interconnection agreement, for local interconnection calls, revenues are shared on a “sender keeps all” basis. For local calls originating on BBT’s network terminating on a cellular network and vice versa which transit through the Company’s fixed line network, the Company receives an agreed percentage of the prevailing tariff for local calls. For interconnection of domestic long-distance calls, the operator of the network on which the calls terminate or transit receives an agreed percentage of the prevailing long-distance tariff. In addition, BBT is to receive a certain fixed amount for each minute of incoming and outgoing international calls from and to BBT that transit through the Company’s fixed line network and use the Company’s IDD service and 50% of the prevailing interconnection tariff for incoming and outgoing international calls that transit through the Company’s fixed line network and use Indosat’s IDD service.
      Other Fixed Wireless Interconnection. Fixed wireless networks may interconnect with the Company’s fixed line network at the Company’s gateway. At present, other than the Company and Indosat, PT Bakrie Telecom (“BT”) also operates a fixed wireless network in Indonesia. The fixed wireless interconnection between the Company and BT is currently based on the most recent interconnection agreement signed in 2005. Pursuant to the agreement, for interconnection of local calls, the operator of the network on which the calls terminate receives an agreed amount per minute. For local calls originating on BT’s network terminating on a cellular network and vice versa which transit through the Company’s fixed line network, the Company receives an agreed percentage of the prevailing tariff for local calls. For domestic long-distance calls that originate on the Company’s fixed line network and terminate on BT’s network, BT receives an agreed amount per minute. In the reverse situation and for transit long-distance calls through the Company’s fixed line network, the Company receives an agreed percentage of the prevailing long-distance tariff. In addition, BT is to receive a certain fixed amount for each minute of incoming and outgoing international calls to and from BT that transit through the Company’s fixed line network and use the Company’s IDD service and 25% of prevailing interconnection tariff of incoming and outgoing international calls that transit through the Company’s fixed line network and use Indosat’s IDD service.
ii. Cellular Interconnection
      In respect of local interconnection calls, including transit calls, between a cellular network and the Company’s fixed line network, the Company receives 50% of the prevailing fixed-line usage tariff for local pulse. For local calls from the Company’s fixed line network to a cellular network, the Company charges its subscribers the applicable local call tariff plus an airtime charge, and pays the cellular operator the airtime charge. For local calls between cellular telecommunications networks, the originating cellular operator pays the terminating cellular operator the air time charges.
      The current Interconnection Decree, effective April 1, 1998, assumes that it is possible for long-distance calls to be carried by more than one network. Pursuant to the Interconnection Decree, for long-distance calls which originate on the Company’s fixed line network, the Company is entitled to retain a portion of the prevailing long-distance tariff, which ranges from 40% of the tariff in cases where the entire long-distance portion is carried by a cellular operator up to 85% of the tariff in cases where the entire long-distance portion is carried by the Company’s fixed line network. For long-distance calls that originate from a cellular subscriber, the Company is entitled to retain a portion of the prevailing long-distance tariff, which ranges from 25% of the tariff in cases where the call originates from a cellular subscriber, transits the Company’s fixed line network and terminates on another cellular subscriber

F-116

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
with the entire long-distance portion carried by a cellular operator, up to 85% of the tariff in cases where the entire long-distance portion is carried by the Company’s fixed line network and terminates on the Company’s fixed line network.
iii. International Interconnection
      Interconnection on the Company’s domestic fixed line network for international calls consists of access charges and usage charges. The following table sets forth the current international interconnection tariff, effective as of December 1, 1998, for IDD calls which are routed through Indosat’s international gateways and which originate, transit or terminate on the Company’s domestic fixed line network and Telkomsel’s cellular network, pursuant to Ministerial Decree No. 37 of 1999:
     
Description   Tariff
     
Access Charge
   Rp850/successful call
Usage Charge
   Rp550/successful paid minute
      In addition, since June 2004, the Company has provided IDD services. Currently, the Company’s IDD service can be accessed by subscribers of all telecommunication operators in Indonesia. Interconnection and access charges for originating calls using the Company’s IDD service or terminating incoming international calls routed through the Company’s international voice telecommunications gateway are negotiated with each respective domestic operator.
iv. Satellite Phone Interconnection
      Since the fourth quarter of 2001, the Company has been receiving a share of revenues arising from interconnection transactions with PSN, a national satellite operator. Under the agreement, in respect of the interconnection calls between the Company and PSN, the Company receives Rp800 per minute for network charges and an additional Rp300 per minute origination fee if the call originates from the Company’s fixed line network.
v. VoIP Interconnection
      Previously, MoC Decree No. 23 of 2002 provided that access charges and network lease charges for the provision of VoIP services were to be agreed between network operators and VoIP operators. On March 11, 2004, the MoC issued Decree No. 31/2004, which stated that interconnection charges for VoIP are to be fixed by the MoC. Currently, the MoC has not yet determined what the new VoIP interconnection charges will be. Until such time as the new charges are fixed, the Company will continue to receive connection fees for calls that originate or terminate on the Company’s fixed line network at agreed fixed amount per minute.
Public Phone Kiosk (“Wartel”) Tariff
      On August 7, 2002, the Minister of Communications issued Decree No. KM. 46 year 2002 regarding the operation of phone kiosks. The decree provides that the Company is entitled to retain a maximum of 70% of the phone kiosk basic tariffs for domestic calls and up to 92% of phone kiosk basic tariffs for international calls. It also provides that the airtime from the cellular operators shall generate at a minimum 10% of the kiosk phones’ revenue.

F-117

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
Tariff for Other Services
      The tariffs for satellite rental, and other telephony and multimedia services are determined by the service provider by taking into account the expenditures and market price. The Government only determines the tariff formula for basic telephony services. There is no stipulation for the tariff of other services.
Universal Service Obligation (“USO”)
      On September 30, 2005, the MoCI issued Regulation No. 15/ PER/ M.KOMINFO/9/2005, which sets forth the basic policies underlying the USO program and requires telecommunications operators in Indonesia to contribute 0.75% of gross revenues (with due consideration for bad debt and interconnection charges) for USO development.
50.  COMMITMENTS
a. Capital Expenditures
      As of December 31, 2005, the amount of capital expenditures committed under contractual arrangements, principally relating to procurement and installation of switching equipment, transmission equipment and cable network, are as follows:
                 
    Amounts in    
    Foreign Currencies   Equivalent
Currencies   (in millions)   in Rupiah
         
Rupiah
     —       2,601,352  
U.S. Dollar
     265       2,602,313  
Euro
     119       1,386,487  
Japanese Yen
     52       4,355  
             
Total
             6,594,507  
             
      The above balance includes the following significant agreements:
(i) Procurement Agreements
        In August 2004, Telkomsel entered into the following agreements with Motorola Inc. and PT Motorola Indonesia, Ericsson AB and PT Ericsson Indonesia, Nokia Corporation and PT Nokia Network, and Siemens AG, for the maintenance and procurement of equipment and related services:
  • Joint Planning and Process Agreement
 
  • Equipment Supply Agreement (“ESA”)
 
  • Technical Service Agreement (“TSA”)
 
  • Site Acquisition and Civil, Mechanical and Engineering Agreement (“SITAC” and “CME”)

F-118

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
        The agreements contain lists of charges (“Price List”) to be used in determining the fees payable by Telkomsel for all equipment and related services to be procured during the roll-out period upon the issuance of Purchase Order (“PO”).
 
        The agreements are valid and effective as of the execution date (“Effective Date”) by the respective parties for a period of three years, provided that the suppliers are able to meet requirements set out in each PO. In the event that the suppliers fail to meet those requirements, Telkomsel may terminate the agreements at its sole discretion with a prior written notice.
 
        In accordance with the agreements, the parties also agreed that the charges specified in the Price List will also apply to equipment and technical services (ESA and TSA) and services (SITAC and CME) acquired from the suppliers between May 26, 2004 and the Effective Date (“Pre-Effective Date Pricing”), except for those acquired from Siemens under TSA which are applicable for certain equipment and the related maintenance services acquired or rendered between July 1, 2004 and the Effective Date. Prices as well as discounts thereon are subject to a quarterly review.
(ii) CDMA Procurement Agreement with Samsung Consortium
        On October 9, 2002, the Company signed an Initial Purchase Order Contract for CDMA 2000-IX with Samsung Consortium for Base Station Subsystem (“BSS”) procurement in Regional Divisions V, VI and VII and on December 23, 2002, the Company signed a Master Procurement Partnership Agreement (“MPPA”), which is related to the construction of Network and Switching Subsystem (“NSS”) for nationwide and BSS for Regional Divisions IV, V, VI, and VII. As of December 31, 2005, the Company’s remaining purchase commitment in connection with this MPPA amounted to US$5.6 million and Rp1,826 million.
 
        Samsung Consortium will service and maintain the CDMA 2000 IX system that it constructs, pursuant to a Service Level Agreement dated the same date as the MPPA in return for an annual consideration of US$11.6 million.
(iii) CDMA Procurement Agreement with Ericsson CDMA Consortium
        The Company and Ericsson CDMA Consortium entered into a Master Procurement Partnership Agreement (“MPPA”) on December 23, 2002. The MPPA is related to the construction of BSS for Regional Division II. As of December 31, 2005, the Company’s remaining purchase commitment in connection with this MPPA amounted to US$6.8 million and Rp12,753 million.
 
        Ericsson Consortium will service and maintain the CDMA 2000 IX system that it constructs, pursuant to a Service Level Agreement dated the same date as the MPPA in return for an annual consideration of US$5.3 million.
(iv) MPPA with PT INTI
        The Company and PT INTI signed an MPPA on August 26, 2003 whereby PT INTI is appointed to construct a CDMA fixed wireless access network and integrate such network with the Company’s existing network and all ancillary services relating thereto in West Java and Banten. As of December 31, 2005, the Company’s remaining purchase commitment in connection with this MPPA amounted to US$355,275 and Rp233 million.

F-119

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
        PT INTI will service and maintain the CDMA 2000 IX system that it constructs, pursuant to a Service Level Agreement dated the same date as the MPPA in return for an annual consideration of US$2.3 million.
(v) MPPA with Motorola
        On March 24, 2003, the Company signed an MPPA with Motorola, Inc. Under the MPPA, Motorola is obliged to construct a CDMA fixed wireless access network and integrate such network with the Company’s existing network and all ancillary services relating thereto in Regional Division I. As of December 31, 2005, the Company’s remaining purchase commitment in connection with this MPPA amounted to US$422,424 and Rp1,307 million.
 
        Motorola, Inc. will service and maintain the CDMA 2000 IX system that it constructs, pursuant to a Service Level Agreement dated the same date as the MPPA in return for an annual consideration of US$3 million.
          (vi)  Metro Junction and Optical Network Access Agreement for Regional Division III with PT INTI
        On November 12, 2003, the Company entered into an agreement with PT INTI for the construction and procurement of an optical network, as well as a network management system and other related services and equipment, with respect to Regional Division III (West Java). Under this agreement and its amendment, the Company is obliged to pay PT INTI total consideration of approximately US$6.6 million and Rp111,655 million. As of December 31, 2005, the Company has paid and/or accrued a total of US$2.9 million plus Rp59,018 million.
          (vii)  Ring JASUKA Backbone with NEC-Siemens Consortium
        On June 10, 2005, the Company entered into an agreement with NEC-Siemens Consortium for the procurement and installation of an optical cable transmission of RING I (link Jakarta — Tanjung Pandan — Pontianak — Batam — Dumai — Pekanbaru — Palembang — Jakarta) and RING II (link Medan — Padang — Pekanbaru — Medan). Under this agreement, the Company is obliged to pay NEC-Siemens Consortium total consideration of approximately US$46.9 million and Rp169,642 million. This agreement is based on a turnkey arrangement. As of December 31, 2005, no payment has been made by the Company.
     b.  Agreements on Derivative Transactions
      Telkomsel is exposed to market risks, primarily changes in foreign exchange rates, and uses derivative instruments in hedging such risk. None of the derivative transactions entered into by Telkomsel during 2003, 2004 and 2005 met the PSAK 55 criteria for hedge accounting. Therefore, changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments were recognized in the consolidated statements of income.
      Telkomsel purchases equipment from several overseas suppliers and, as a result, is exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. In 2004 and 2005, Telkomsel entered into forward foreign exchange contracts with Deutsche Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and Citibank Jakarta to mitigate the foreign exchange risks relating to its purchases. The primary purpose of Telkomsel’s foreign currency hedging activities is to protect

F-120

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
against the volatility associated with foreign currency purchases of equipment and other assets in the normal course of business.
      The following table presents the aggregate notional amounts of Telkomsel’s foreign exchange forwards entered into in 2004 and 2005:
                 
    2004   2005
         
    (in millions)   (in millions)
Citibank — U.S. Dollar
     25       30  
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation — Euro
     —       30  
Deutsche Bank — U.S. Dollar
     15       —  
Standard Chartered Bank — Euro
     15       —  
      As of December 31, 2004, all of the forward contracts with Standard Chartered Bank and Citibank had been closed and the outstanding contract with Deutsche Bank amounted to US$5 million.
      A receivable to reflect the gain on the difference between the contract rate and the rate prevailing as of December 31, 2004 amounting to Rp1,020 million was included in “Other Receivables” in the consolidated balance sheet.
      As of December 31, 2005, all of the forward contracts had been closed.
     c.  Borrowings and other credit facilities
      (i) Telkomsel has a combined US$20 million facility with Standard Chartered Bank, Jakarta for import L/ C, bank guarantee, standby L/ C and foreign exchange. The facility expires in December 2006. Borrowings under the facility bear interest at SIBOR plus 2% per annum for drawing in US Dollar, at a rate equal to the three-month Certificate of Bank Indonesia plus 2% per annum for drawing in Rupiah, and at the Bank’s cost of fund plus 2% for drawing in other currencies. Under the facility, Telkomsel has an outstanding bank guarantee of Rp150 billion (US$15.3 million) as of December 31, 2005. There were no outstanding borrowings related to the facility as of December 31, 2004 and 2005.
      (ii) Telkomsel has a US$40 million facility with Citibank N.A., Jakarta for L/ C and Trust Receipt Loan, which expires on July 31, 2006. Borrowings under this facility bear interest at the Bank’s cost of fund plus 2% per annum. There were no outstanding borrowings under this facility as of December 31, 2004 and 2005.
      (iii) Telkomsel has not collateralized any of its assets for its bank borrowings or other credit facilities. The terms of the various agreements between Telkomsel and its lenders and financiers require compliance with a number of pledges and negative pledges as well as financial and other covenants, inter alia, certain restriction on the amount of dividends and other profit distributions which could adversely affect Telkomsel’s capacity to comply with the terms of the agreements. The terms of the relevant agreement also contain default and cross default clauses. Management is not aware of any breaches of the terms of these agreements and does not foresee any such breaches occurring in the future.
      (iv) In October 2005, Graha Sarana Duta entered into a credit agreement with the Bank Niaga, Bandung to obtain a Rp12 billion short-term facility, which expires on 18 October 2006. Borrowings

F-121

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
under this facility bear interest at 14.5% per annum. There were no outstanding borrowings related to this facility as of December 31, 2005.
     d.  Operating Leases
      The Company leases land, buildings, and various equipment under non-cancelable operating leases having initial terms of more than one year. At December 31, 2005, the future minimum payments for the non-cancelable operating leases were as follows:
         
Year   Rp
     
2006
     474,790  
2007
     493,585  
2008
     452,820  
2009
     274,307  
2010
     269,013  
Thereafter
     851,425  
       
Total
     2,815,940  
       
      Rental expense for operating leases was Rp462,995 million, Rp759,288 million and Rp868,987 million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
51. CONTINGENCIES
      a. In the ordinary course of business, the Company has been named as a defendant in various legal actions. Based on Management’s estimate of the outcome of these matters, the Company accrued Rp99 million and Rp33,116 million as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
      b. On August 13, 2004, the Commissions for Business Competition Watch (Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha, “KPPU”) issued its verdict in Commission Court, which determined that the Company had breached several articles of Law No. 5/1999 on Anti Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition (“Competition Law”). In addition, KPPU also indicated that the Company should allow Warung Telkom (“kiosks”) to channel international calls to other international call operators, and abolish the clause in agreements between the Company and Warung Telkom providers which limit Warung Telkom to sell telecommunication services of other operators. The Company filed an appeal to the Bandung District Court which on December 7, 2004, issued its verdicts in favor of the Company. On January 4, 2005, KPPU filed an appeal to the Indonesian Supreme Court. As of the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements, the Indonesian Supreme Court has not issued its verdicts. The Company does not believe that these proceedings presently pending will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

F-122

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
      c. There are on-going investigations by the West Java Police Department as to the conduct of the Company’s Director of Human Resources Development, the Company’s Director of Consumer, and several other employees of the Company (including one former director of the Company and one former President Director of Napsindo — the Company’s subsidiary). As the details of the investigations have not been made public, the Company does not know the full nature or extent of the investigations or the matters to which they relate, or whether any charges are likely to be filed. Based on press reports, the Company understands that the investigations relate principally to an alleged violation of anti-corruption law regarding (i) the retention by the Company of a consultant and an alleged overpayment without compliance with proper procedures; and (ii) the alleged provision of interconnection services to Napsindo, the Company’s subsidiary, and Globalcom, a Malaysian company, at an incorrect tariff, and alleged use by Napsindo/Globalcom of the Company’s network for the provision of illegal VoIP services. It is also understood that one of the investigations relates to the Company’s guarantee of a bank loan obtained by Napsindo. To the Company’s knowledge, no charges have been filed against any of the persons investigated by the West Java Police Department, although several of them (but not the Company’s Director of Consumer) were held in custody in West Java pending completion of the investigations. On May 10, 2006, those individuals were released from the police custody because the police were unable to find any incriminating evidence to support the charges during the 120-day period they were held in police custody. 120 days is the maximum period allowed for police custody of suspects for investigation purpose. However the investigation is ongoing. There can be no assurance that the police will not find evidence of wrong-doing, charges will not be filed in relation to the foregoing, or that such persons or other employees of the Company will not be found guilty of any offence. Although the Company believes that the investigations are without merits, to the extent any of such persons are in custody, or are found guilty of any offence, the Company is and would be deprived of their services. In addition, the Company does not believe that there are any financial ramifications as a result of the investigations.

F-123

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
52. ASSETS AND LIABILITIES DENOMINATED IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES
      The balances of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are as follows:
                                     
    2004   2005
         
    Foreign       Foreign    
    Currencies   Rupiah   Currencies   Rupiah
    (in millions)   Equivalent   (in millions)   Equivalent
                 
Assets
                                
Cash and cash equivalents
                                
   
U.S. Dollar
     74.80       694,116       81.96       805,489  
   
Euro
     88.10       1,114,704       59.14       689,472  
   
Japanese Yen
     0.98       89        —        —  
Trade accounts receivable
                                
 
Related parties
                                
   
U.S. Dollar
     3.92       36,375       1.64       16,112  
 
Third parties
                                
   
U.S. Dollar
     16.19       150,223       19.46       191,199  
Other accounts receivable
                                
   
U.S. Dollar
     1.12       10,355       0.30       2,910  
   
Euro
      —        —       0.01       88  
Other current assets
                                
   
U.S. Dollar
     4.61       42,792       13.63       133,926  
   
Euro
     0.01       157        —        —  
Advances and other non-current assets
                                
   
U.S. Dollar
     6.90       64,056       2.25       22,162  
Escrow accounts
                                
   
U.S. Dollar
     3.24       30,059       12.89       126,128  
                         
Total Assets
             2,142,926               1,987,486  
                         
Liabilities
                                
Trade accounts payable
                                
 
Related parties
                                
   
U.S. Dollar
     19.13       177,892       15.09       148,423  
   
Myanmar KYAT
     0.01       20       —       —  
   
Singapore Dollar
     —       1       —       —  
 
Third parties
                                
   
U.S. Dollar
     49.57       460,969       125.40       1,233,050  
   
Euro
     —       —       68.30       796,343  
   
Japanese Yen
     7.88       715       66.03       5,508  
   
Singapore Dollar
     0.03       146       0.01       33  
   
Great Britain Pound Sterling
     0.06       1,092       —       14  

F-124

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                                     
    2004   2005
         
    Foreign       Foreign    
    Currencies   Rupiah   Currencies   Rupiah
    (in millions)   Equivalent   (in millions)   Equivalent
                 
Accrued expenses
                                
   
Euro
     26.54       336,572       8.79       102,509  
   
U.S. Dollar
     24.08       223,931       21.01       206,639  
   
Japanese Yen
     20.41       1,852       52.85       4,433  
   
Singapore Dollar
     0.37       2,135       0.42       2,497  
   
Australian Dollar
     0.07       507       —       —  
   
Dutch Guilder
     0.48       1,795       —       —  
Short-term bank loans
                                
 
Third parties
                                
   
U.S. Dollar
     118.46       1,101,633       —       —  
Advances from customers and suppliers
                                
   
U.S. Dollar
     0.42       3,947       0.15       1,474  
Current maturities of long-term liabilities
                                
   
U.S. Dollar
     116.29       1,081,478       150.43       1,479,401  
   
Euro
     14.64       185,643       14.67       171,087  
   
Japanese Yen
     1,142.91       103,688       1,142.91       95,876  
Long-term liabilities
                                
   
U.S. Dollar
     830.22       7,721,068       662.39       6,514,501  
   
Japanese Yen
     15,527.59       1,408,708       14,384.68       1,206,700  
   
Euro
     36.60       464,108       22.01       256,631  
                         
Total liabilities
             13,277,900               (12,225,119 )
                         
Net liabilities
             (11,134,974 )             (10,237,633 )
                         
53. SUBSEQUENT EVENT
          Sale of investment in PT Mandara Selular Indonesia (“Mobisel”)
      On January 11, 2006, the Company signed a Shares Sale and Purchase Agreement with Twinwood Ventures Limited whereby the Company agreed to sell its entire ownership interest in Mobisel to Twinwood Ventures Limited for Rp22,561 million. The closing date of the transaction was on January 13, 2006 when approval from Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board (“BKPM”) was obtained. The resulting gain on this sale was not significant.

F-125

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
54.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES GENERALLY ACCEPTED IN INDONESIA AND ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES GENERALLY ACCEPTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
      The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Indonesia (“Indonesian GAAP”), which differ in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). A description of the differences and their effects on net income and stockholders’ equity are set forth below.
      As discussed in Note 4, the Company’s consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with Indonesian GAAP as of and for the year ended December 31, 2004 have been restated in connection with the adoption of PSAK 24R. While the restatement affected previously reported consolidated net income and stockholders’ equity under Indonesian GAAP, there was no net effect on consolidated net income and stockholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP as previously reported. However, certain reconciling line items in arriving at net income and stockholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP have been revised.
     (1)  Description of differences between Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP
a. Termination Benefits
        Under Indonesian GAAP, termination benefits are recognized as liabilities when certain criteria are met (e.g. the enterprise is demonstratively committed to provide termination benefits as a result of an offer made in order to encourage early retirement).
 
        Under U.S. GAAP, termination benefits are recognized as liabilities when the employees accept the offer and the amount can be reasonably estimated.
b. Foreign Exchange Differences Capitalized to Property Under Construction
        Under Indonesian GAAP, foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from borrowings used to finance property under construction are capitalized. Capitalization of foreign exchange gains and losses ceases when the construction of the qualifying asset is substantially completed and the constructed property is ready for its intended use.
 
        Under U.S. GAAP, foreign exchange gains and losses are charged to current operations.
c. Interest Capitalized on Property under Construction
        Under Indonesian GAAP, qualifying assets, to which interest cost can be capitalized, should be those that take a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale, i.e. minimum 12 months. To the extent that funds are borrowed specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the amount of interest cost eligible for capitalization on that asset should be determined based on the actual interest cost incurred on that borrowing during the period of construction less any investment income on the temporary investment of those borrowings.

F-126

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
        Under U.S. GAAP, there is no minimum limit (i.e. 12-month requirement) on the length of the construction period in which the interest cost could be capitalized. Interest income arising from any unused borrowings is recognized directly to current operations.
d. Revenue-Sharing Arrangements
        Under Indonesian GAAP, property, plant and equipment built by an investor under revenue-sharing arrangements are recognized as property, plant and equipment under revenue-sharing arrangements in the accounting records of the party to whom ownership in such properties will be transferred at the end of the revenue-sharing period, with a corresponding initial credit to unearned income. The property, plant and equipment are depreciated over their useful lives, while the unearned income is amortized over the revenue-sharing period. The Company records its share of the revenues earned net of amounts due to the investors.
 
        Under U.S. GAAP, the revenue-sharing arrangements are recorded in a manner similar to capital leases where the fixed assets and obligation under revenue-sharing arrangements are reflected on the balance sheet. All the revenues generated from the revenue-sharing arrangements are recorded as a component of operating revenues, while a portion of the investors’ share of revenue from the revenue-sharing arrangements is recorded as interest expense and the balance is treated as a reduction of the obligation under revenue-sharing arrangements.
e. Employee benefit plans
        As of January 1, 2005, the Company adopted PSAK 24R in accounting for pension benefit cost, post-retirement health care benefit cost and long service award benefit cost for Indonesian GAAP purposes. PSAK 24R requires the adoption of its provisions retrospectively as of January 1, 2004 (Note 4a). Prior to 2004, there were no differences between Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP with respect to the accounting for post-retirement health care benefit cost and long service award benefit cost while for pension benefit cost, there were some differences as follows:
  i. Under Indonesian GAAP, the prior service cost attributable to the increases in pension benefits for pensioners were directly charged to expense in those years. Under U.S. GAAP, because the majority of plan participants are still active, such prior service cost is deferred and amortized systematically over the estimated remaining service period for active employees.
 
  ii. Under Indonesian GAAP, the Company amortized the cumulative unrecognized actuarial gain or loss over four years. Under U.S. GAAP, any cumulative unrecognized actuarial gain or loss exceeding 10 percent of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the fair value of plan assets is recognized in the statement of income on a straight-line basis over the expected average remaining service period.
 
  iii. Under Indonesian GAAP, recognition of a minimum liability is not required. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company would be required to recognize an additional minimum liability when the accumulated benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of the plan assets, and an equal amount would be recognized as an intangible asset, provided that the asset recognized does not exceed the amount of unrecognized prior service cost.

F-127

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
        Starting in 2004, the differences between the Company’s accounting for pension benefit cost, post-retirement health care benefit cost and long service award benefit cost under Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP are as follows:
  i. Under Indonesian GAAP, the prior service cost is recognized immediately if vested or amortized over the vesting period. Under U.S. GAAP, prior service cost (vested and non-vested benefits) is generally deferred and amortized systematically over the estimated remaining service period for active employees.
 
  ii. Different dates of implementation caused significant differences in cumulative unrecognized actuarial gains and losses. However, the cumulative unrecognized actuarial gains and losses under Indonesian GAAP is now recognized in a manner similar to U.S. GAAP.
 
  iii. Under Indonesian GAAP, the transition obligation was recognized on January 1, 2004, the date PSAK 24R was adopted. Under U.S. GAAP, the transition obligation is deferred and amortized systematically over the estimated remaining service period for active employees.
 
  iv. The difference between Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP in connection with the recognition of minimum liability remains unchanged.
f. Equity in Net Income or Loss of Associated Companies
        The Company records its equity in net income or loss of associated companies based on the associates’ financial statements that have been prepared under Indonesian GAAP.
 
        For U.S. GAAP reporting purposes, the Company recognizes the effect of the differences between U.S. GAAP and Indonesian GAAP at the investee level in the investment accounts and its share of the net income or loss and other comprehensive income or loss of those associates.
g. Land Rights
        In Indonesia, the title of land rests with the State under the Basic Agrarian Law No. 5 of 1960. Land use is accomplished through land rights whereby the holder of the right enjoys the full use of the land for a stated period of time, subject to extensions. The land rights generally are freely tradeable and may be pledged as security under borrowing agreements. Under Indonesian GAAP, land ownership is not depreciated unless it can be foreseen that the possibility for the holder to obtain an extension or renewal of the rights is remote.
 
        Under U.S. GAAP, the cost of land rights is amortized over the economic useful life which represents the contractual period of the land rights.
h. Revenue Recognition
        Under Indonesian GAAP, revenues from cellular and fixed wireless services connection fees are recognized as income when the connection takes place (for postpaid service) or at the time of delivery of starter packs to distributors, dealers or customers (for prepaid service).
 
        Installation fees for wire line services are recognized at the time of installation. The revenue from calling cards (“Kartu Telepon”) is recognized when the Company sells the card.

F-128

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
        Under U.S. GAAP, revenue from front-end fees and incremental costs up to, but not exceeding such fees, are deferred and recognized over the expected term of the customer relationship. Revenues from calling cards are recognized upon usage or expiration.
i. Goodwill
        Under Indonesian GAAP, goodwill is amortized over a period, not exceeding 20 years, that it is expected to benefit the Company.
 
        Under U.S. GAAP, goodwill is not amortized but rather subjected to an annual test for impairment.
j. Capital Leases
        Under Indonesian GAAP, a leased asset is capitalized only if all of the following criteria are met: (a) the lessee has an option to purchase the leased asset at the end of the lease period at a price agreed upon at the inception of the lease agreement, and (b) the sum of periodic lease payments, plus the residual value, will cover the acquisition price of the leased asset and related interest, and (c) there is a minimum lease period of 2 years.
 
        Under U.S. GAAP, a leased asset is capitalized if one of the following criteria is met: (a) there is an automatic transfer of ownership at the end of the lease term; or (b) the lease contains a bargain purchase option; or (c) the lease term is for 75% or more of the economic life of the asset; or (d) the net present value of minimum lease payments are at least 90% of the fair value of the asset.
k. Acquisition of Dayamitra
        On May 17, 2001 the Company acquired a 90.32% interest in Dayamitra and contemporaneously acquired a call option to buy the other 9.68% at a fixed price at a stated future date, and provided to the minority interest holder a put option to sell the other 9.68% to the Company under those same terms; meaning that the fixed price of the call is equal to the fixed price of the put option. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company should account for the option contracts on a combined basis with the minority interest and account for it as a financing of the purchase of the remaining 9.68% minority interest. As such, under U.S. GAAP, the Company has consolidated 100% of Dayamitra and attributed the stated yield earned under the combined derivative and minority interest position to interest expense since May 17, 2001.
 
        On December 14, 2004, the Company exercised the option to acquire the 9.68% interest in Dayamitra.
 
        Under Indonesian GAAP, prior to December 14, 2004, the Company accounted for the remaining 9.68% of Dayamitra as minority interest. In addition, the option price that has been paid by the Company was presented as “Advance payments for investments in shares of stock.” The Company started consolidating the remaining 9.68% of Dayamitra on December 14, 2004 following the exercise of the option.

F-129

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
        The difference in the timing of the 9.68% ownership interest recognition gives rise to differences in the timing and amounts of purchase consideration and liability recognized under Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP.
l. Reversal of Difference Due to Change of Equity in Associated Companies
        Under Indonesian GAAP, differences previously credited directly to equity as a result of equity transactions in associated companies are released to the statement of income upon the sale of an interest in the associate in proportion with the percentage of the interest sold.
 
        Under U.S. GAAP, it is the Company’s policy to include differences resulting from equity transactions in associated companies in equity. Such amounts can not be released to the statement of income and consequently remain in equity indefinitely.
m. Asset Retirement Obligations
        Under Indonesian GAAP, legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets that result from the acquisition, construction, development and/or the normal operation of long-lived assets are charged to current operations as incurred.
 
        Under U.S. GAAP, the estimated fair value of such obligations is accrued at the time of acquisition with an equal amount capitalized to the related long-lived assets and depreciated over the useful life of the assets. The Company and its subsidiaries identified their asset retirement obligations by reviewing contractual agreements to identify whether the Company and its subsidiaries are required to settle any obligations as a result of the prevailing laws, statute, ordinance, written or by legal construction of a contract under the doctrine of promissory estoppel.
n. Deferred Income Taxes
        Under Indonesian GAAP, the Company does not recognize deferred taxes on temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and tax bases of equity method investments when it is not probable that these differences will reverse in the foreseeable future.
 
        Under U.S. GAAP, deferred taxes are recognized in full on temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and tax bases of equity method investments.
o. Impairment of Assets
        Under Indonesian GAAP, an impairment loss is recognized whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount of a fixed asset is the greater of its net selling price or value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. An impairment loss can be reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is only reversed to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, if no impairment loss had been recognized.
 
        Under U.S. GAAP, an impairment loss is recognized whenever the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount of the

F-130

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
  asset. An impaired asset is written down to its estimated fair value based on quoted market prices in active markets or discounting estimated future cash flows. When an impairment loss is recognized, the adjusted carrying amount of fixed asset becomes its new cost basis and reversals of previously recognized impairment losses are prohibited.
 
        Through the year ended December 31, 2004, there were no impairment charges recognized by the Company. As discussed in Note 12, in 2005, the Company recognized impairment charges on BSS equipment which are part of transmission installation and equipment of fixed wireless assets. The sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) relating to these impaired assets is less than the carrying amount of the assets and therefore, for U.S. GAAP reporting purposes, these assets have been written down to their estimated fair value based on discounted estimated future cash flows. The estimated fair values of the impaired assets determined under U.S. GAAP are the same as those determined under Indonesian GAAP; accordingly, there were no differences between Indonesian GAAP and U.S. GAAP.
          p.  Gain (loss) on Disposal of Property, Plant and Equipment
        Under Indonesian GAAP, the Company classifies gain (loss) on disposal of property, plant and equipment as a component of other income (expense) which is excluded from determination of operating income.
 
        Under U.S. GAAP, gain (loss) on disposal of property, plant and equipment is classified as a component of operating expenses and hence included in the determination of operating income. For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, operating income would have been higher (lower) by Rp182,883 million, (Rp26,089) million and Rp46,193 million, respectively, and other income (expenses) would have been lower (higher) by the same amounts due to the inclusion of the gain (loss) on disposal of property, plant and equipment in the determination of operating income.
          q.  Reversal of Difference in Value of Restructuring Transactions Between Entities Under Common Control
        Under Indonesian GAAP, the Company is required to reclassify the difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control as of January 1, 2005 as a direct adjustment to retained earnings when the common control relationship between the transacting parties no longer exists as of January 1, 2005.
 
        Under U.S. GAAP, difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control remains in equity indefinitely as part of the additional paid-in capital.
      (2) A summary of the significant adjustments to consolidated net income for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and to consolidated stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2004 and

F-131

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
2005 which would be required if U.S. GAAP had been applied, instead of Indonesian GAAP, in the consolidated financial statements are set forth below:
                                   
    Note   2003   2004   2005
                 
        (As restated*)
Net income according to the consolidated statements of income prepared under Indonesian GAAP
             6,087,227       6,614,568       7,993,566  
                         
U.S. GAAP adjustments — increase (decrease) due to:
                                
 
Termination benefits
     (a )     (670,981 )     —       —  
 
Capitalization of foreign exchange gains and losses, net of related depreciation of (Rp76,756) million, (Rp75,870) million and (Rp77,010) million, respectively
     (b )     76,756       1,587       77,010  
 
Interest capitalized on property under construction, net of related depreciation of (Rp8,787) million, (Rp13,392) million and (Rp17,275) million, respectively
     (c )     39,077       26,802       23,825  
 
Revenue-sharing arrangements
     (d )     23,159       155,369       69,173  
 
Pension
     (e )     (109,334 )     (148,517 )     (104,877 )
 
Post-retirement health care
     (e )     —       (75,964 )     (104,466 )
 
Long service awards
     (e )     —       (122,462 )     (90,933 )
 
Equity in net income (loss) of associated companies
     (f )     (170 )     (177 )     (192 )
 
Amortization of land rights
     (g )     (10,212 )     (13,907 )     (4,881 )
 
Revenue recognition
     (h )     (53,226 )     54,159       5,046  
 
Goodwill
     (i )     21,270       21,270       21,270  
 
Capital leases
     (j )     6,882       (3,435 )     (47,524 )
 
Adjustment for consolidation of Dayamitra
     (k )     (24,476 )     (72,361 )     5,084  
 
Reversal of difference due to change of equity in associated companies
     (l )     (38,425 )     —       —  
 
Asset retirement obligations
     (m )     (848 )     (848 )     (848 )
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-132

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                                     
    Note   2003   2004   2005
                 
        (As restated*)
 
Deferred income tax:
                                
   
Deferred income tax on equity method investments
     (n )     119,456       (11,234 )     (3,206 )
   
Deferred income tax effect on U.S. GAAP adjustments
             323,089       61,742       18,288  
                         
              (297,983 )     (127,976 )     (137,231 )
 
Minority interest
             1,396       (18,019 )     (16,244 )
                         
 
Net adjustments
             (296,587 )     (145,995 )     (153,475 )
                         
Net income in accordance with U.S. GAAP
             5,790,640       6,468,573       7,840,091  
                         
Net income per share — in full Rupiah amount
             287.23       320.86       388.89  
                         
Net income per ADS — in full Rupiah amount (40 Series B shares per ADS)
             11,489.40       12,834.47       15,555.74  
                         
 
*  The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-133

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                           
    Note   2004   2005
             
        (As restated*)    
Stockholders’ equity according to the consolidated balance sheets prepared under Indonesian GAAP
             18,128,036       23,292,401  
                   
U.S. GAAP adjustments — increase (decrease) due to:
                        
Capitalization of foreign exchange differences — net of related depreciation
     (b )     (548,886 )     (471,876 )
Interest capitalized on property under construction — net of related depreciation
     (c )     128,614       152,439  
Revenue-sharing arrangements
     (d )     (292,327 )     (223,154 )
Pension
     (e )     1,973,837       1,851,509  
Post-retirement health care
     (e )     1,142,561       1,038,095  
Long service awards
     (e )     (122,462 )     (213,395 )
Equity in net income (loss) of associated companies
     (f )     (18,429 )     (18,621 )
Amortization of land rights
     (g )     (79,118 )     (83,999 )
Revenue recognition
     (h )     (714,389 )     (709,343 )
Goodwill
     (i )     63,809       85,079  
Capital leases
     (j )     17,688       (29,836 )
Adjustment for consolidation of Dayamitra
     (k )     (61,728 )     (56,644 )
Asset retirement obligations
     (m )     (1,696 )     (2,544 )
Deferred income tax:
                        
 
Deferred income tax on equity method investments
     (n )     39,343       35,040  
 
Deferred income tax effect on U.S. GAAP adjustments
             (89,704 )     (66,182 )
                   
              1,437,113       1,286,568  
Minority interest
             5,763       (10,481 )
                   
Net adjustments
             1,442,876       1,276,087  
                   
Stockholders’ equity in accordance with U.S. GAAP
             19,570,912       24,568,488  
                   
 
*  The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-134

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
     The changes in stockholders’ equity in accordance with U.S. GAAP for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 are as follows:
                           
    2003   2004   2005
             
Stockholders’ equity at beginning of year
     13,910,864       16,284,692       19,570,912  
Changes during the year:
                        
 
Net income under U.S. GAAP
     5,790,640       6,468,573       7,840,091  
 
Dividends
     (3,338,109 )     (3,186,991 )     (2,921,227 )
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax
     (78,703 )     4,638       (11,288 )
 
Difference in value of restructuring transactions between entities under common control
     —       —       90,000  
                   
Stockholders’ equity at end of year
     16,284,692       19,570,912       24,568,488  
                   
      With regard to the consolidated balance sheets, the following significant captions determined under U.S. GAAP would have been:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Consolidated balance sheets
                
Current assets
     9,610,433       10,952,600  
Non-current assets
     47,091,387       52,527,929  
             
Total assets
     56,701,820       63,480,529  
             
Current liabilities
     11,650,470       13,796,402  
Non-current liabilities
     20,547,769       18,799,964  
             
Total liabilities
     32,198,239       32,596,366  
Minority interest in net assets of subsidiaries
     4,932,669       6,315,675  
Stockholders’ equity
     19,570,912       24,568,488  
             
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
     56,701,820       63,480,529  
             

F-135

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
     (3)  Additional financial statement disclosures required by U.S. GAAP and U.S. SEC
a. Income Tax
        The reconciliation between the expected income tax provision in accordance with U.S. GAAP and the actual provision for income tax recorded in accordance with U.S. GAAP is as follows:
                           
    2003   2004   2005
             
Consolidated income before tax in accordance with U.S. GAAP
     10,711,267       12,570,911       16,089,111  
Income tax in accordance with U.S. GAAP at 30% statutory tax rate
     3,213,380       3,771,273       4,826,733  
                   
Effect of non-deductible expenses (non-taxable income) at the enacted maximum tax rate (30%)
                        
 
Net periodic post-retirement health care benefit cost
     188,375       139,834       169,534  
 
Amortization of discount on promissory notes and other borrowing costs
     132,876       136,994       62,132  
 
Tax penalty
     16,521       1,941       24,155  
 
Employee benefits
     6,342       24,719       18,618  
 
Permanent differences of the KSO Units
     16,739       17,213       17,458  
 
Income which was already subject to final tax
     (61,876 )     (30,743 )     (68,336 )
 
Others
     (93,812 )     66,787       118,511  
                   
 
Total
     205,165       356,745       342,072  
                   
Provision for income tax in accordance with U.S. GAAP
     3,418,545       4,128,018       5,168,805  
                   

F-136

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
        For the three-year period ended December 31, 2005, all of the Company’s operating revenues occurred in Indonesia, and accordingly, the Company has not been subject to income tax in other countries.
                 
    2004   2005
         
Deferred tax assets
                
Trade accounts receivable
     228,889       248,260  
Inventories
     15,494       13,884  
Tax loss carryforwards
     239,501       123,309  
Accrued long service awards
     172,399       225,454  
Deferral of revenue
     220,538       218,366  
Long-term investments
     44,029       41,706  
Liabilities of business acquisitions
     1,009,932       945,403  
Accrued employee benefits
     46,043       63,002  
Others
     40,532       103,445  
             
Total
     2,017,357       1,982,829  
             
Deferred tax liabilities
                
Property, plant and equipment
     (3,215,173 )     (2,882,932 )
Intangible assets
     (1,592,645 )     (1,327,225 )
Pension benefit cost
     (153,177 )     (163,747 )
Prepaid expenses
     (34,290 )     (31,877 )
             
Total
     (4,995,285 )     (4,405,781 )
             
Total deferred tax liabilities — net
     (2,977,928 )     (2,422,952 )
             
b. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
        The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments:
Cash and cash equivalents and temporary investments
        The carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of the instruments.
Short-term bank loans
        The carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of the instruments.

F-137

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
Long-term liabilities
        The fair value of long-term liabilities other than bonds and guaranteed notes is estimated by discounting the future cash flows of each instrument at rates currently offered to the Company for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities by the Company’s bankers.
 
        The fair value of bonds and guaranteed notes is based on market prices at balance sheet date.
        The estimated fair values of the Company and its subsidiaries’ financial instruments are as follows:
                   
    Carrying   Fair
    Amount   Value
         
2004
                
Cash and cash equivalents
     4,856,123       4,856,123  
Temporary investments
     19,949       19,949  
Short-term bank loans
     1,101,633       1,101,633  
Long-term liabilities:
                
 
Two-step loans
     6,018,705       6,983,321  
 
Bonds
     986,564       1,245,208  
 
Medium-term notes
     1,077,703       1,100,032  
 
Guaranteed notes
     736,174       863,184  
 
Bank loans
     2,378,315       2,462,916  
 
Liabilities of business acquisitions
     4,317,225       5,033,748  
2005
                
Cash and cash equivalents
     5,374,684       5,374,684  
Temporary investments
     22,064       22,064  
Short-term bank loans
     173,800       173,800  
Long-term liabilities:
                
 
Two-step loans
     5,329,477       5,001,102  
 
Bonds
     991,850       1,031,040  
 
Medium-term notes
     609,329       582,220  
 
Bank loans
     2,386,646       2,267,269  
 
Liabilities of business acquisitions
     3,990,353       4,162,814  
        The methods and assumptions followed to determine the fair value estimates are inherently judgmental and involve various limitations, including the following:
        i. Fair values presented do not take into consideration the effect of future currency fluctuations.
 
        ii. Estimated fair values are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company and its subsidiaries would record upon disposal/termination of the financial instruments.

F-138

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
c. Comprehensive Income
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Net income under U.S. GAAP
     5,790,640       6,468,573       7,840,091  
Unrealized holding gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities
     —       884       (1,632 )
Foreign currency translation adjustments of associates
     (78,703 )     3,754       2,560  
Minimum pension liability adjustments
     —       —       (12,216 )
                   
      5,711,937       6,473,211       7,828,803  
                   
        Adjustments to net income to arrive at comprehensive income include unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, foreign currency translation adjustments and minimum pension liability adjustments. The foreign currency translation adjustments of associates are reported net of income tax of Rp67,270 million, Rp1,609 million and Rp1,097 million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. The minimum pension liability adjustment for 2005 is reported net of income tax of Rp5,235 million. The components of accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows:
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Unrealized holding gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities
     —       884       (748 )
Foreign currency translation adjustments of associates
     156,962       160,716       163,276  
Minimum pension liability adjustments
     —       —       (12,216 )
                   
      156,962       161,600       150,312  
                   

F-139

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
d. Employee Benefit Plans
The Company
        The disclosures under SFAS No. 132 (Revised 2003) and SFAS No. 106 are as follows:
                                                 
    Pension   Health Care
         
    2003   2004   2005   2003   2004   2005
                         
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
                                                
Service cost
     119,089       137,264       138,117       88,394       76,163       87,636  
Interest cost
     537,797       740,494       789,830       493,596       411,110       507,994  
Expected return on plan assets
     (421,706 )     (436,672 )     (533,333 )     (56,004 )     (61,084 )     (103,498 )
Amortization of prior service cost (gain)
     201,265       201,265       201,265       (367 )     (367 )     (367 )
Recognized actuarial loss (gain)
     (43,020 )     57,641       21,244       99,286       52,006       88,589  
Amortization of transition obligation
     28,634       28,634       28,634       24,325       24,325       24,325  
                                     
Net periodic benefit cost
     422,059       728,626       645,757       649,230       502,153       604,679  
Amounts charged to KSO Units under contractual agreement
     (29,896 )     (16,369 )     (18,660 )     (7,795 )     (9,913 )     (11,627 )
                                     
Total net periodic benefit cost less amounts charged to KSO Units
     392,163       712,257       627,097       641,435       492,240       593,052  
                                     

F-140

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
        The following table presents the change in benefit obligation, the change in plan assets, funded status of the plan and the net amount recognized in the Company’s U.S. GAAP balance sheets as of December 31, 2004 and 2005:
                                 
    Pension   Health Care
         
    2004   2005   2004   2005
                 
Change in benefit obligation
                                
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
     6,852,923       7,315,182       3,787,389       4,681,005  
Service cost
     137,264       138,117       76,163       87,636  
Interest cost
     740,494       789,830       411,110       507,994  
Plan participants’ contributions
     43,906       41,371       —       —  
Actuarial (gain) loss
     (155,128 )     (794,180 )     529,618       423,833  
Benefits paid
     (304,277 )     (350,220 )     (123,275 )     (125,979 )
                         
Benefit obligation at end of year
     7,315,182       7,140,100       4,681,005       5,574,489  
                         
Change in plan assets
                                
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
     3,671,309       4,884,523       505,340       1,138,768  
Actual return on plan assets
     627,842       155,754       32,173       45,209  
Employer contributions
     845,743       698,526       724,530       435,899  
Plan participants’ contributions
     43,906       41,371       —       —  
Benefits paid
     (304,277 )     (350,220 )     (123,275 )     (125,979 )
                         
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
     4,884,523       5,429,954       1,138,768       1,493,897  
                         
Funded status
     (2,430,659 )     (1,710,146 )     (3,542,237 )     (4,080,592 )
Unrecognized prior service cost (gain)
     1,861,565       1,660,300       (1,566 )     (1,199 )
Unrecognized net actuarial loss
     974,763       536,918       1,459,408       1,852,943  
Unrecognized net transition obligation
     120,257       91,623       243,249       218,924  
                         
Net amount recognized
     525,926       578,695       (1,841,146 )     (2,009,924 )
                         
        The accumulated benefit obligation of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan was Rp4,656,605 million and Rp4,829,227 million as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
 
        The measurement date used to determine pension and health care benefit measures for the pension plan and the health care plan is December 31 for each of the years.
 
        The assumptions used by the independent actuary to determine the benefit obligation of the plans as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 were as follows:
                                 
    Pension   Health Care
         
    2004   2005   2004   2005
                 
Discount rate
     11 %     11 %     11 %     11 %
Rate of compensation increase
     8 %     8.8 %     —       —  

F-141

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
        The assumption used by the independent actuary to determine the net periodic benefit cost of the plans for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 were as follows:
                                                 
    Pension   Health Care
         
    2003   2004   2005   2003   2004   2005
                         
Discount rate
     13 %     11 %     11 %     13 %     11 %     11 %
Expected long-term return on plan assets
     13 %     11 %     10.5 %     13 %     11 %     8 %
Rate of compensation increase
     6 %     8 %     8 %     —       —       —  
        Assumed health care cost trend rates at December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 are as follows:
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Health care cost trend assumed for next year
     12%       12%       9%  
Rate to which the cost trend is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)
     8%       8%       9%  
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate
     2006       2007       2006  
        The actuarial valuations for the defined benefit pension plan and post-retirement health care plan as of December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 were prepared on May 21, 2004, March 15, 2005, and February 27, 2006, respectively, by an independent actuary.
 
        Discount rate is based on the Government Bond yields, i.e., 11.38%. The rate of compensation increase assumed is based on long-term inflation in the order of 6% — 7%. The expected long-term return on plan assets is based on the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested or to be invested.
 
        Assumed health care cost trends have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health care plan. A one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects:
                 
    1-Percentage-   1-Percentage-
    Point Increase   Point Decrease
         
Effect on total of service and interest cost components
     159,073       (126,008 )
Effect on post-retirement benefit obligation
     1,143,943       (908,400 )
        The Company’s pension plan weighted average asset allocations at December 31, 2004 and 2005, by asset category, are as follows:
                 
    Plan Assets
    as of
    December 31
     
Asset Category   2004   2005
         
Debt securities
     71 %     75 %
Deposit securities
     17 %     7 %
Equity securities
     7 %     11 %
Real estate
     1 %     1 %
Other
     4 %     6 %
             
Total
     100 %     100 %
             

F-142

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
        Equity securities include the Company’s common stock in the amounts of Rp96,063 million (2.0 percent of total plan assets) and Rp124,189 million (2.3 percent of total plan assets) at December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
 
        Debt securities include the Company’s bonds in the amounts of Rp159,253 million (3.3 percent of total plan assets) and Rp223,736 million (4.1 percent of total plan assets) at December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
 
        The Company’s post-retirement health care plan weighted average asset allocations at December 31, 2004 and 2005, by asset category, are as follows:
                 
    Plan Assets
    as of
    December 31
     
Asset Category   2004   2005
         
Debt securities
     15 %     31 %
Deposit securities
     84 %     60 %
Equity securities
     —       4 %
Other
     1 %     5 %
             
Total
     100 %     100 %
             
      Debt securities include the Company’s medium-term notes in the amount of Rp145,000 million (12.7 percent of total plan assets) at December 31, 2004 and the Company’s medium-term notes and bonds in the total amount of Rp232,394 million (15.6 percent of total plan assets) at December 31, 2005.
Contributions
      The Company expects to contribute Rp693,502 million to its defined benefit pension plan and Rp568,755 million to its post-retirement health care plan during 2006.
Expected Future Benefit Payments
      The expected benefit payments are as follows:
                 
        Health
    Pension   Care
         
2006
     387,235       138,566  
2007
     351,742       152,035  
2008
     394,299       170,277  
2009
     472,327       191,692  
2010
     565,764       216,647  
2011 — 2015
     3,824,443       1,558,154  

F-143

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
Telkomsel
Pension plan
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Service cost
     4,679       6,300       12,901  
Interest cost
     3,337       5,199       8,412  
Expected return on plan assets
     (1,013 )     (824 )     (832 )
Amortization of prior service cost
     —       125       24  
Recognized actuarial loss
     587       1,157       1,920  
Amortization of transition obligation
     458       458       458  
                   
Net periodic benefit cost
     8,048       12,415       22,883  
                   
      The following table presents the change in benefit obligation, the change in plan assets, funded status of the plan and the net amount recognized in Telkomsel’s U.S. GAAP balance sheets as of December 31, 2004 and 2005:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Change in benefit obligation
                
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
     47,646       59,145  
Service cost
     6,300       12,901  
Interest cost
     5,199       8,412  
Actuarial loss
     —       96,151  
Benefits paid
     —       (2,929 )
             
Benefit obligation at end of year
     59,145       173,680  
             
Change in plan assets
                
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
     8,504       11,182  
Actual return on plan assets
     2,678       (2,210 )
Employer contributions
     —       14,928  
Benefits paid
     —       (2,929 )
             
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
     11,182       20,971  
             
Funded status
     (47,963 )     (152,709 )
Unrecognized prior service cost
     2,048       274  
Unrecognized net actuarial loss
     20,820       120,725  
Unrecognized transition obligation
     6,648       6,190  
             
Net amount recognized
     (18,447 )     (25,520 )
             

F-144

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                 
    2004   2005
         
Accumulated benefit obligation
     26,045       70,406  
Fair value of plan assets
     (11,182 )     (20,971 )
             
Unfunded accumulated benefits (required minimum liability)
     14,863       49,435  
Accrued pension cost
     (18,447 )     (25,520 )
             
Additional liability under U.S. GAAP
     —       23,915  
Intangible asset
     —       6,464  
             
Other comprehensive income
     —       17,451  
             
      The actuarial calculation for the pension plan is prepared by an independent actuary. The measurement date used to determine pension benefit measures for the pension plan is December 31 of each of the years.
      The assumptions used by the independent actuary to determine the benefit obligation of the plan as of 31 December 31, 2004 and 2005 were as follows:
                 
    2004   2005
         
Discount rate
     11 %     11 %
Rate of compensation increase
     9 %     8 %
      The assumptions used by the independent actuary to determine the net periodic pension cost of the plan for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 were as follows:
                         
    2003   2004   2005
             
Discount rate
     12 %     11 %     11 %
Expected long-term return on plan assets
     12 %     7.5 %     7.5 %
Rate of compensation increase
     10 %     9 %     9 %
e. Recent U.S. Accounting Pronouncements
        SFAS No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment.” In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123R which requires companies to measure compensation cost for share-based payments at fair value. It is not expected that the adoption of SFAS No. 123R will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
        SFAS No. 151 “Inventory Cost — an amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4.” In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151 which requires certain abnormal expenditures to be recognized as expenses in current period. It also requires that the amount of fixed production overhead allocated to inventory be based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. SFAS No. 151 is effective for financial statements for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005. It is not expected that the adoption of SFAS No. 151 will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
        SFAS No. 153 “Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets — an amendment of APB Opinion No. 29.” In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153, which is effective for nonmonetary asset exchanges occurring in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005. SFAS No. 153 requires that

F-145

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
  exchanges of productive assets be accounted for at fair value unless fair value can not be reasonably determined or the transaction lacks commercial substance. It is not expected that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
        SFAS No. 154 “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections — a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB Statement No. 3.” In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154 which replaces APB Opinion No. 20, “Accounting Changes,” and SFAS No. 3, “Reporting Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements,” and changes the requirements for the accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting principle. SFAS No. 154 applies to all voluntary changes in accounting principle. It also applies to changes required by an accounting pronouncement in the unusual instance that the pronouncement does not include specific transition provisions. When a pronouncement includes specific transition provisions, those provisions should be followed. SFAS No. 154 shall be effective for all accounting changes and any error corrections occurring after January 1, 2006.
 
        FSP No. FAS 13-1 “Accounting for Rental Costs Incurred During a Construction Period.” In October 2005, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 13-1 which requires a reporting entity to recognize rental costs associated with ground or building operating leases that are incurred during a construction period as rental expense in income from continuing operations. FSP No. FAS 13-1 is applied in the first reporting period beginning after December 15, 2005. It is not expected that the adoption of FSP No. FAS 13-1 will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
        SFAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments — an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140.” In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155 which amends SFAS No. 133 to narrow the scope exception for interest-only and principal-only strips on debt instruments to include only such strips representing rights to receive a specified portion of the contractual interest or principal cash flows. SFAS No. 155 also amends SFAS No. 140 to allow qualifying special-purpose entities to hold a passive derivative financial instrument pertaining to beneficial interests that itself is a derivative financial instrument. SFAS No. 155 is effective for all financial instruments acquired, issued, or subject to a remeasurement (new basis) event occurring after the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. It is not expected that the adoption of SFAS No. 155 will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
55.  RECONCILIATION OF NET INCOME TO NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES
                           
    2003   2004   2005
             
    (As restated*)
Net income
     6,087,227       6,614,568       7,993,566  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                        
 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
     4,779,520       6,438,557       7,570,739  
 
Write-down of assets
     —       —       616,768  
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-146

Table of Contents

PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN (PERSERO)
P.T. TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA Tbk AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005, AND FOR YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(Figures in tables are presented in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated)
                           
    2003   2004   2005
             
    (As restated*)
 
Loss on procurement commitments
     —       —       79,359  
 
Interest income
     (366,024 )     (317,941 )     (344,686 )
 
Interest expense
     1,383,446       1,270,136       1,177,268  
 
Foreign exchange (gain) loss
     (363,505 )     1,192,842       420,419  
 
Equity in net income of associated companies
     (2,819 )     (3,420 )     (10,879 )
 
(Gain) loss on sale of property, plant and equipment
     (182,883 )     26,089       (46,193 )
 
Insurance proceeds
     —       —       (27,580 )
 
Loss on redemption of Telkomsel’s bonds
     —       44,628       19,038  
 
Loss on sale of long-term investments
     46,595       —       —  
 
Amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets
     730,659       872,330       918,153  
 
Amortization of unearned income
     (61,812 )     (93,164 )     (149,824 )
 
Amortization of deferred charges
     26,555       25,751       26,921  
 
Provision for doubtful accounts and inventory obsolescence
     326,419       357,096       488,973  
 
Income tax expense
     3,861,090       4,178,526       5,183,887  
 
Minority interest in net income of subsidiaries
     1,503,478       1,956,301       3,063,971  
Changes in assets and liabilities:
                        
 
Trade accounts receivable
     (827,772 )     (670,103 )     (706,726 )
 
Other accounts receivable
     6,784       95,757       (124,746 )
 
Inventories
     76,486       (58,329 )     (28,211 )
 
Prepaid expenses
     (84,690 )     (179,573 )     (578,364 )
 
Prepaid taxes
     (127,607 )     173,189       (1,217 )
 
Prepaid pension benefit costs
     (260,041 )     208       722  
 
Trade accounts payable
     593,826       (47,618 )     284,599  
 
Other accounts payable
     (27,837 )     (96,022 )     1,602  
 
Taxes payable
     477,961       (105,991 )     156,089  
 
Accrued expenses
     (779,917 )     (65,078 )     419,465  
 
Unearned income
     317,650       266,774       562,719  
 
Advances from customers and suppliers
     (30,884 )     (78,028 )     (55,343 )
 
Accrued pension and other post-retirement benefit costs
     7,041       (246,867 )     (149,254 )
 
Accrued long service awards
     (3,504 )     (41,196 )     74,683  
 
Accrued post-retirement health care benefits
     460,757       (298,341 )     64,314  
Interest paid
     (1,178,332 )     (1,348,919 )     (1,200,484 )
Interest received
     369,982       321,677       341,848  
Income tax paid
     (3,905,317 )     (4,132,359 )     (4,938,916 )
                   
Net cash provided by operating activities
     12,852,532       16,051,480       21,102,680  
                   
 
* The 2004 figures have been restated due to the adoption of PSAK 24R (see Note 4a).

F-147