geos-10k_20170930.htm

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

There were 13,438,316 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of the close of business on October 31, 2017. As of March 31, 2017, the aggregate market value of the Registrant’s Common Stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $211 million (based upon the closing price of $16.23 on March 31, 2017, as reported by The NASDAQ Global Market).

Portions of the definitive proxy statement for the Registrant’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.

On November 16, 2017, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors (“the Audit Committee”) of Geospace Technologies Corporation (the “Company”) on the recommendation of management, and after consultation with the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, BDO USA, LLP, concluded that the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, and the related reports of the Company’s independent registered accounting firm thereon, and the unaudited consolidated financial statements for quarters ended December 31, 2016, March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 (“Restated Periods”) should no longer be relied upon because of an accounting error.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 includes (i) audited restated consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2016 and 2015, (ii) unaudited restated condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2016, March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 and (iii) footnotes reconciling previously final annual and quarterly consolidated balance sheets to the restated balance sheets, which we refer to as the restatement.

We have determined that a portion of our inventories at September 30, 2016 and 2015 should have been classified as non-current assets, as all inventories were not reasonably expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed during our next operating cycle. This error has been identified and corrected in the restated consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2016 and 2015 and as of December 31, 2016, March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The effects of this restatement consist of a non-cash reclassification with respect to inventories. The restatement did not affect previously reported total assets, total liabilities, revenues, net loss, loss per share, or cash flows. For discussions of the restatement adjustments, see Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”, including Notes 21 and 22 of the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Additionally, in connection with the errors noted above, our management, including the CEO and CFO, has identified a material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2017 and 2016 and has been engaged in a focused review of its financial reporting practices and remediation of the related control weakness. For a discussion of our controls and procedures, the material weakness identified and our actions to remediate such weakness see Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures” in Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K,

We believe that presenting all of this information regarding the Restated Periods in this Annual Report allows investors to review all pertinent data in a single presentation. We do not therefore plan to amend our previously filed Annual Report on Form 10-K the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 and Forms 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended December 31, 2016, March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 in connection with the restatement. The financial information that has been previously filed or otherwise reported for the Restated Periods is superseded by the information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Unless otherwise stated, all financial information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for periods prior to September 30, 2017 are presented on a restated basis.

Geospace Technologies Corporation reincorporated as a Texas corporation on April 16, 2015. We originally incorporated as a Delaware corporation on September 27, 1994. Unless otherwise specified, the discussion in this Annual Report on Form 10-K refers to Geospace Technologies Corporation and its subsidiaries. We design and manufacture instruments and equipment used in the oil and gas industry to acquire seismic data in order to locate, characterize and monitor hydrocarbon producing reservoirs. We also design and manufacture non-seismic products, including industrial products, offshore cables and imaging equipment. We report and categorize our customers and products into two different segments: Seismic and Non-Seismic.

We have engaged in the seismic instrument and equipment business since 1980 and market our products primarily to the oil and gas industry. Demand for our products has been, and will likely continue to be, vulnerable to downturns in the economy and the oil and gas industry in general. For more information, please refer to the risks discussed under the heading “Risk Factors.”

Our seismic business segment has historically accounted for the majority of our revenue. Geoscientists use seismic data primarily in connection with the exploration, development and production of oil and gas reserves to map potential and known hydrocarbon bearing formations and the geologic structures that surround them. Our seismic product lines currently consist of land and marine nodal data acquisition systems, permanent land and seabed reservoir monitoring products and services, geophones and geophone strings, hydrophones, leader wire, connectors, telemetry cables, marine streamer retrieval and steering devices and various other products. Our seismic products are compatible with most major competitive seismic data acquisition systems currently in use. We believe that our seismic products are among the most technologically advanced instruments and equipment available for seismic data acquisition.

An energy source and a data recording system are combined to acquire seismic data. We provide many of the components of seismic data recording systems, including geophones, hydrophones, multi-component sensors, leader wire, geophone strings, connectors, seismic telemetry cables and other seismic related products. On land, our customers use geophones, leader wire, cables and connectors to receive and measure seismic reflections resulting from an energy source into data recording units, which store the seismic information for subsequent processing and analysis. In the marine environment, large ocean-going vessels tow long seismic cables known as “streamers” containing hydrophones which are used to detect pressure changes. Hydrophones transmit electrical impulses back to the vessel’s data recording unit where the seismic data is stored for subsequent processing and analysis. Our marine seismic products also help steer streamers while being towed and help recover streamers if they become disconnected from the vessel.

Our seismic sensor, cable and connector products are compatible with most major competitive seismic data acquisition systems currently in use. Revenue from these products results primarily from seismic contractors purchasing our products as components of new seismic data acquisition systems or to repair and replace components of seismic data acquisition systems already in use.

Our products used in marine seismic data acquisition include our seismic streamer retrieval devices (“SRDs”). Occasionally, streamer cables are severed and become disconnected from the vessel as a result of obstacles, inclement weather, vessel traffic or human error. Our SRDs, which are attached to the streamer cables, contain air bags which are designed to inflate automatically at a given water depth, bringing the severed streamer cables to the surface. These SRDs save the seismic contractors significant time and money compared to the alternative of losing the streamer cable. We also produce seismic streamer steering devices, or “birds,” which are fin-like devices that attach to the streamer cable. These birds help maintain the streamer cable at a certain desired depth as it is being towed through the water.

We have developed a land-based wireless (or nodal) seismic data acquisition system called the GSX. Rather than utilizing interconnecting cables as required by most traditional land data acquisition systems, each GSX station operates as an independent data collection system, allowing our GSX stations to be deployed in virtually unlimited channel configurations. As a result, our GSX system requires less maintenance, which we believe allows our customers to operate more effectively and efficiently because of its reduced environmental impact, lower weight and ease of operation. Our GSX system is designed into configurations ranging from one to four channels per station. Since its introduction in 2008 and through September 30, 2017, we have sold 403,000 GSX channels

and we have 71,000 GSX channels in our rental fleet. We expect to make additional investments in our GSX rental fleet in fiscal year 2018 to replenish a sale of used GSX rental equipment in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017.

We have also developed a marine-based wireless seismic data acquisition system called the OBX. Similar to our GSX land-based wireless system, the marine OBX system can be deployed in virtually unlimited channel configurations and does not require interconnecting cables between each station. Our deep water versions of the OBX system can be deployed in depths of up to 3,450 meters. Through September 30, 2017, we have sold approximately 600 OBX stations and we have 6,700 OBX stations in our rental fleet. We expect to make additional investments into our OBX rental fleet during fiscal year 2018.

Seismic surveys repeated over selected time intervals show dynamic changes within the reservoir and can be used to monitor the effects of oil and gas development and production. In this regard, we have developed permanently installed high-definition reservoir monitoring systems for land and ocean-bottom applications in producing oil and gas fields. We also produce a retrievable version of our ocean-bottom system for use on fields where permanently installed systems are not appropriate or economical. Utilizing these tools, producers can enhance the recovery of oil and gas deposits over the life of a reservoir.

Our high-definition reservoir monitoring products include the HDSeis™ product line and a suite of borehole and reservoir monitoring products and services. Our HDSeis™ system is a high-definition seismic data acquisition system with flexible architecture that allows it to be configured as a borehole seismic system or as a subsurface system for both land and marine reservoir-monitoring projects. The scalable architecture of the HDSeis™ system enables custom designed system configuration for applications ranging from low-channel engineering and environmental-scale surveys requiring a minimum number of recording channels to high-channel surveys required to efficiently conduct permanent reservoir monitoring (“PRM”). Modular architecture allows virtually unlimited channel expansion. In addition, multi-system synchronization features make the HDSeis™ system well suited for multi-well or multi-site acquisition, simultaneous surface and downhole acquisition and continuous reservoir monitoring projects.

Reservoir monitoring requires special purpose or custom designed systems in which portability becomes less critical and functional reliability assumes greater importance. This reliability factor helps assure successful operations in inaccessible locations over a considerable period of time. Additionally, reservoirs located in deep water or harsh environments require special instrumentation and new techniques to maximize recovery. Reservoir monitoring also requires high-bandwidth, high-resolution seismic data for engineering project planning and reservoir management. We believe our HDSeis™ System and tools, designed for cost-effective deployment and lifetime performance, will make borehole and seabed seismic acquisition a cost-effective and reliable process for the challenges of reservoir monitoring. Our multi-component seismic product developments include an omni-directional geophone for use in reservoir monitoring, a compact marine three-component or four-component gimbaled sensor and special-purpose connectors, connector arrays and cases.

We did not deliver nor did we receive orders for any PRM systems during the fiscal years 2015, 2016 and 2017.

In addition, we produce seismic borehole acquisition systems which employ a fiber optic augmented wireline capable of very high data transmission rates. These systems are used for several reservoir monitoring applications, including an application pioneered by us allowing operators and service companies to monitor and measure the results of fracturing operations.

Our non-seismic businesses leverage upon our existing manufacturing facilities and engineering capabilities. We have found that many of our seismic products, with little or no modification, have direct application to industries beyond those involved in oil and gas exploration and development. For example, our customers utilize our borehole tools to monitor subsurface carbon dioxide injections and for mine safety applications.

Our non-seismic products include electronic pre-press products that employ direct thermal imaging and digital inkjet printing technologies targeted at the commercial graphics, industrial graphics, textile and flexographic printing industries. Our other non-seismic products consist of (i) sensors and tools for vibration monitoring, mine safety application and earthquake detection, (ii) cables for power and communication for the offshore oil and gas and offshore construction industries, (iii) water meter cables and connectors, and (iv) other specialty industrial cable and connector products.

We are currently experiencing depressed industry conditions as a result of lower and volatile crude oil prices and their impact upon capital spending in the oil and gas industry worldwide. The resulting significant decline in seismic product orders and, in particular, the lack of any orders for PRM systems, has required us to modify our business strategy during this difficult period. Our current business strategy places more focus on sound financial management practices while we endure this downturn. We have not changed our primary focus on continued investment in product research and development and, possibly, selective acquisitions and joint ventures.

We report and categorize our revenue and products into two business segments: Seismic and Non-Seismic. Our Seismic product segments currently include traditional exploration products, wireless exploration products and reservoir products. Our Non-Seismic product segments include imaging and industrial products. Frequently, we receive a minor amount of Seismic product revenue from our Non-Seismic customers. For a discussion of financial information by segment and geographic area, see Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We are one of the world’s largest designers and manufacturers of seismic related products. The principal competitors for many of our traditional seismic products are Sercel (a division of CGG), ION Geophysical (“ION”) and INOVA (a joint venture formed in 2009 between ION and Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting, a subsidiary of China National Petroleum Company). Furthermore, entities in China affiliated with Sercel as well as other Chinese manufacturers produce low-cost seismic products meeting current industry standards. Most seismic products are price sensitive, so the ability to manufacture these products at a low cost is essential to maintain market share. We believe our primary competitor in the manufacture of our marine products is Sercel.

The primary competitors for our land wireless data acquisition systems are Sercel, FairfieldNodal, INOVA, Wireless Seismic and numerous smaller entities who have recently introduced new versions of wireless data acquisition systems. We believe the primary competitors for our marine nodal data acquisition systems are marine seismic data acquisition service providers like FairfieldNodal, Seabed Geosolutions (a joint venture formed between Fugro and CGG), and Magseis ASA, each of whom utilizes their own proprietary nodal technology. For land and marine wireless data acquisition systems, while price is an important factor in a customer’s decision to purchase the product, we believe customers also place a high value on a product’s historical performance and the ongoing engineering and field support provided by the product’s manufacturer.

Our primary competitors for rental of our traditional and wireless seismic equipment are Mitcham Industries, Inc. and Seismic Equipment Solutions.

Our primary competitors for our seabed PRM systems are Alcatel-Lucent and Petroleum Geo-Services ASA. We believe our primary competitors for high-definition borehole seismic data acquisition systems are Avalon Sciences Ltd and Sercel. A product’s historical performance, field support and engineering capabilities are important factors for receiving orders for our seismic reservoir products.

The principal keys for success in the seismic instruments and equipment market are technological superiority, product durability, reliability, and customer support. Price and product delivery are always important considerations for our customers. In general, most customers prefer to standardize data acquisition systems, geophones and hydrophones, particularly if they are used by seismic companies that have multiple crews which are able to support each other. This standardization makes it difficult for competitive manufacturers to gain market share from other manufacturers with existing customer relationships.

As mentioned above, a key factor for seismic instruments and equipment manufacturers is durability under harsh field conditions. Seismic instruments and equipment must meet not only rigorous technical specifications regarding signal integrity and sensitivity, but must also be extremely rugged and durable to withstand the rigors of field use, often in harsh environments.

There are numerous competitors and competitive technologies including other direct thermal printer manufacturers and manufacturers of direct-to-screen and inkjet solutions. Our non-seismic industrial products face competition from numerous domestic and international specialty product manufacturers.

We purchase raw materials from a variety of suppliers located in various countries. We typically have multiple suppliers for our critical materials. We purchase all of our thermal film from a single supplier. Except for the film sold to us by this supplier, we know of no other source for thermal film that performs as well in our imaging equipment. In addition, certain models of our marine wireless products use a timing device manufactured by a single supplier. We currently do not possess the ability to manufacture this component and have no other source for this device. For a discussion of the risks related to our reliance on these suppliers, see “Risk Factors – We Rely on Key Suppliers for Certain Components Used in Our Products.”

We do not currently experience any significant difficulties in obtaining raw materials from our suppliers for the production of our seismic or non-seismic products.

Our manufacturing and product assembly operations consist of machining, molding or cabling the necessary component parts, configuring these parts along with components received from various vendors and assembling a final product. We manufacture seismic equipment to the specifications of our customers. For example, we can armor cables for use in multiple deep water applications. We assemble geophone strings and seismic telemetry cables based on a number of customer choices such as length, gauge, tolerance and color of molded parts. Upon completion of our manufacturing and assembly operations, we test our final products to the functional and, in the case of seismic equipment, environmental extremes of product specifications and inspect the products for quality assurance. Consistent with industry practice, we normally manufacture and ship our products based on firm customer orders, anticipated customer orders and historical product demand. As a result of the steep decline in product demand that began in fiscal year 2014 and that was further aggravated by the decline in crude oil prices, we currently hold significant inventories of finished goods. Our finished goods inventories also include sub-assemblies of extensively manufactured products.

Our principal customers for our traditional and wireless seismic products are seismic contractors and, to a lesser extent, major independent and government-owned oil and gas companies that either operate their own seismic crews or specify seismic instrument and equipment preferences to contractors. For our deep water PRM products, our customers are generally large international oil and gas companies that operate long-term offshore oil and gas producing properties. Our graphics imaging customers primarily consist of direct users of our equipment as well as specialized resellers that focus on the screen-printing and flexographic printing industries. Our industrial product customers consist of specialty manufacturers, research institutions and industrial product distributors. One customer comprised 17.8% of our revenue during fiscal year 2017. One customer comprised 18.5% of our revenue during fiscal year 2016. No customer comprised 10% or more of our revenue during fiscal year 2015. The following table describes our revenue by customer type (in thousands):

We seek to protect our intellectual property by means of patents, trademarks, trade secrets and other measures. We hold patents on geophones, micro-geophones, seismic data acquisition, in-line retrieval devices and water meter connectors, and we have pending applications on related technology. We do not consider any single patent essential to our success. Our patents are scheduled to expire at various dates through 2035. At this time we are not able to predict the effect of any patent expiration. We protect our proprietary rights to our technology through a variety of methods, including confidentiality agreements and proprietary information agreements with suppliers, employees, consultants and others who may have access to proprietary information.

We expect to incur significant future research and development expenditures aimed at the development of additional seismic and non-seismic products. We have incurred company-sponsored research and development expenses of $13.8 million, $13.9 million and $14.7 million during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

As of September 30, 2017, we employed 707 people predominantly on a full-time basis, of which 429 were employed in the United States, 238 in the Russian Federation and the remainder in the United Kingdom, Canada, China and Colombia. A majority of our employees in the Russian Federation belong to a regional union for machine manufacturers. Our remaining employees are not unionized. We have never experienced a work stoppage and consider our relationship with our employees to be satisfactory.

For a discussion of financial information by segment and geographic area, see Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For a description of risks attendant to our foreign operations, please see “Risk Factors - Our Foreign Subsidiaries and Foreign Marketing Efforts Are Subject to Additional Political, Economic, Legal and Other Uncertainties Not Generally Associated with Domestic Operations.”

We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Our SEC filings are available to the public over the internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on their public reference room. Our SEC filings are also available to the public on our website at www.geospace.com. Please note that information contained on our website, whether currently posted or posted in the future, is not a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or the documents incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Commodity Price Levels May Affect Demand for Our Products, Which Has and Could Continue to Materially and Adversely Affect Our Results of Operations and Liquidity

Demand for many of our products and the profitability of our operations depend primarily on the level of worldwide oil and gas exploration activity. Prevailing oil and gas prices, with an emphasis on crude oil prices, and market expectations regarding potential changes in such prices significantly affect the level of worldwide oil and gas exploration activity. During periods of

improved energy commodity prices, the capital spending budgets of oil and natural gas operators tend to expand, which results in increased demand for our products. Conversely, in periods when these energy commodity prices deteriorate, capital spending budgets of oil and natural gas operators tend to contract and the demand for our products generally weakens. Historically, the markets for oil and gas have been volatile and are subject to wide fluctuation in response to changes in the supply of and demand for oil and gas, market uncertainty and a variety of additional factors that are beyond our control. These factors include the level of consumer demand, supplies of oil and natural gas, regional and international economic conditions, weather conditions, domestic and foreign governmental regulations (including those related to climate change), price and availability of alternative fuels, political conditions, instability and hostilities in the Middle East and other significant oil-producing regions, increases and decreases in the supply of oil and gas, the effect of worldwide energy conservation measures and the ability of OPEC to set and maintain production levels and prices of foreign imports.

Uncertainty in the European markets and slowing economic growth in growing economies like those in China and India could lead to a decline in demand for crude oil and natural gas. Slowdowns in economic activity would likely reduce worldwide demand for energy and result in an extended period of lower crude oil and natural gas prices. Any material changes in oil and gas prices or other market trends that adversely impact seismic exploration activity would likely affect the demand for our products and could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and liquidity.

Generally, as exists at present, imbalances in the supply and demand for oil and gas will ordinarily affect oil and gas prices and, in such circumstances, our company will be adversely affected as now with world supplies exceeding demand.

Our New Products Require a Substantial Investment by Us in Research and Development Expense and May Not Achieve Market Acceptance

Our outlook and assumptions are based on various macro-economic factors and internal assessments, and actual market conditions could vary materially from those assumed. In recent years, we have incurred significant expenditures to fund our research and development efforts, and we intend to continue those expenditures in the future. However, research and development is by its nature speculative, and we cannot assure you that these expenditures will result in the development of new products or services or that any new products and services we have developed recently or may develop in the future will be commercially marketable or profitable to us. In particular, we have incurred substantial expenditures to develop our land and marine wireless nodal seismic data acquisition systems, as well as other seismic products for PRM applications. In addition, we try to use some of our capabilities to supply products to new markets. We cannot assure you that we will realize our expectations regarding acceptance of and revenue generated by our new products and services in existing or new markets.

The Short Term Nature of Our Order Backlog and Delayed or Canceled Customer Orders May Cause Us to Experience Fluctuations in Quarterly Results of Operations

Historically, the rate of new orders for our products has varied substantially from quarter to quarter. Moreover, we typically operate, and expect to continue operating, on the basis of orders in-hand for our products before we commence substantial manufacturing “runs.” The short-term nature of our order backlog for most products generally does not allow us to predict with any accuracy demand for our products more than approximately three months in advance. Thus, our ability to replenish orders and the completion of orders, particularly large orders for deep water PRM projects, can significantly impact our operating results and cash flow for any quarter, and results of operations for any one quarter may not be indicative of results of operations for future quarters.

Additionally, customers can delay or even cancel orders and rental contracts before delivery. For larger orders, we attempt to negotiate for a non-refundable deposit or cancellation penalties depending on our relationship with the customer. However, such deposits or penalties, even when obtained, may not fully compensate us for our inventory investment and forgone profits if the order is ultimately cancelled.

These periodic fluctuations in our operating results and the impact of any order delays/cancellations could adversely affect our stock price.

Our Credit Risk Could Increase and We May Incur Bad Debt Write-Offs if Our Customers Continue to Face Difficult Economic Circumstances

We believe that our allowance for bad debts is adequate in light of known circumstances. However, we cannot assure you that additional amounts attributable to uncollectible accounts and notes receivable and bad debt write-offs will not have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations. Many of our seismic customers are not well capitalized and as a result cannot always pay our invoices when due. We have in the past incurred write-offs in our accounts and notes receivable due to customer credit problems. We have found it necessary from time to time to extend trade credit, including promissory notes, to long-term customers and others where some risks of non-payment exist. With the recent decline in oil prices and a decline in seismic activities around the world, some of our seismic customers may experience significant liquidity difficulties, which increase those credit risks. An increase in the level of bad debts and any deterioration in our credit risk could adversely affect the price of our stock. In addition,

we rent equipment to our customers which utilize such equipment in various countries around the world. If our rental customers experience financial difficulties, it could be difficult or impossible to retrieve our rental equipment from foreign countries.

Our Industry is Characterized by Rapid Technological Development and Product Obsolescence, Which May Affect Our Ability to Provide Product Enhancements or New Products on a Timely and Cost Effective Basis

Our instruments and equipment are constantly undergoing rapid technological improvement. Our future success depends on our ability to continue to:

Current competitors or new market entrants may develop new technologies, products or standards that could render our products obsolete. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in developing and marketing, on a timely and cost effective basis, product enhancements or new products that respond to technological developments, that are accepted in the marketplace or that comply with new industry standards. Additionally, in anticipation of customer product orders, from time to time we acquire substantial quantities of inventories, which if not sold or integrated into products within a reasonable period of time, could become obsolete. In such case, we would be required to impair the value of such inventories on our balance sheet.

We Operate in Highly Competitive Markets and Our Competitors May Be Able to Provide Newer or Better Products Than We Are Able to Provide

The markets for most of our products are highly competitive. Many of our existing and potential competitors have substantially greater marketing, financial and technical resources than we do. Some competitors currently offer a broader range of instruments and equipment for sale than we do and may offer financing arrangements to customers on terms that we may not be able to match. In addition, new competitors may enter the market and competition could intensify. As to our non-seismic imaging solutions, we compete with other printing solutions, including inkjet and laser printing technologies, many of which are provided by large companies with significant resources.

We cannot assure you that revenue from our products will continue at current volumes or prices if current competitors or new market entrants introduce new products with better features, performance, price or other characteristics than our products. Competitive pressures or other factors may also result in significant price competition that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

The Limited Market for Our Seismic Products Can Affect Our Revenue in the Seismic Business Segment

In our seismic business segment, we generally market our traditional and wireless products to seismic service contractors. We estimate that, based on published industry sources, fewer than 50 seismic contracting companies are currently operating in countries other than those operating in the Russian Federation and the former Soviet Union, India, the People’s Republic of China and certain Eastern European countries, where seismic data acquisition activity is difficult to verify. We estimate that fewer than 20 seismic contractors are engaged in marine seismic exploration. Due to these market factors, a relatively small number of customers, some of whom are experiencing financial difficulties, account for most of our revenue. From time to time, these seismic contractors have sought to vertically integrate and acquire our competitors, which has influenced their supplier decisions before and after such transactions. In addition, consolidation among our customers may further concentrate our business to a limited number of customers and expose us to increased risks related to dependence on a small number of customers. The loss of a small number of these customers could materially and adversely impact revenue from of our seismic products. We market our seabed PRM systems products to large oil and gas companies. Since this product’s introduction in 2002, we have received system orders from three offshore oil and gas operators: BP, Shell and Statoil, which have accounted for a significant portion of our revenue in fiscal year 2014 and prior fiscal years. We did not deliver nor have we received orders for any PRM systems since 2014.

We hold and from time to time apply for certain patents relating to some of our seismic products. We cannot assure you that our patents will prove enforceable or free of challenge, that any patents will be issued for which we have applied or that competitors will not develop functionally similar technology outside the protection of any patents we have or may obtain.

Our Foreign Subsidiaries and Foreign Marketing Efforts Are Subject to Additional Political, Economic, Legal and Other Uncertainties Not Generally Associated with Domestic Operations

Based on customer billing data, revenue to customers outside the United States accounted for approximately 35% of our revenue during fiscal year 2017; however, we believe the percentage of revenue outside the United States is likely higher since many of our products are first delivered to a domestic location and ultimately shipped to a foreign location. We again expect revenue outside of the United States to represent a substantial portion of our revenue for fiscal year 2018 and subsequent years.

Foreign revenue is subject to special risks inherent in doing business outside of the United States, including the risk of war, terrorist activities, civil disturbances, embargo and government activities, shifting foreign attitudes about conducting business activities with the United States, restrictions of the movement and exchange of funds, inhibitions of our ability to collect accounts receivable, international sanctions, expropriation and nationalization of our assets or those of our customers, currency fluctuations, devaluations and conversion restrictions, confiscatory taxation or other adverse tax policies and governmental actions that may result in the deprivation of our contractual rights, all of which may disrupt markets or our operations.

A portion of our manufacturing is conducted through our subsidiary Geospace Technologies Eurasia, which is based in the Russian Federation. Our business could be directly affected by political and economic conditions in the Russian Federation, including the current geopolitical instability involving the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Syria. United States sanctions against Russia have been expanded to preclude export of seismic equipment anywhere in the world that involve persons designated under the sanctions and to include projects in which persons subject to the sanctions have a 33% ownership interest. Together, these changes make it more difficult for us to support projects that have the potential to produce oil involving Russian energy companies. Furthermore, if an exporter is unable to determine whether its seismic equipment will be used in such projects, the export is prohibited. In fiscal year 2017, we imported $1.4 million of products from Geospace Technologies Eurasia for resale elsewhere in the world. If imports of these products from the Russian Federation are restricted by government regulation, we may be forced to find other sources for these products at potentially higher costs. Boycotts, protests, unfavorable regulations, additional governmental sanctions and other actions in the region could also adversely affect our ability to operate profitably. Delays in obtaining governmental approvals can affect our ability to timely deliver our products pursuant to contractual obligations, which could result in us being liable to our customers for damages. The risk of doing business in the Russian Federation and other economically or politically volatile areas could adversely affect our operations and earnings.

Foreign revenue is also generally subject to the risk of compliance with additional laws, including tariff regulations and import and export restrictions. International revenue transactions for our products containing hydrophones require prior U.S. government approval in the form of an export license, which may be withheld by the U.S. government based upon factors which we cannot predict.

We may experience difficulties in connection with future foreign revenue. Additionally, due to foreign laws and restrictions, should we experience substantial growth in certain foreign markets, for example in the Russian Federation, we may not be able to transfer cash balances to the United States to assist with debt servicing or other obligations.

Our Global Operations Expose Us to Risks Associated with Conducting Business Internationally, Including Failure to Comply with U.S. Laws Which Apply to International Operations, Such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and U.S. Export Control Laws, as well as the Laws of Other Countries

We have offices in Colombia, Canada, China, the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom, in addition to our offices in the United States. In addition to the risks noted above that are inherent in conducting business internationally, we are also liable for compliance with international and U.S. laws and regulations that apply to our international operations. These laws and regulations include data privacy requirements, labor relations laws, tax laws, anti-competition regulations, import and trade restrictions, export control laws, U.S. laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar laws in other countries which also prohibit certain payments to governmental officials or certain payments or remunerations to customers. Many of our products are subject to U.S. export law restrictions that limit the destinations and types of customers to which our products may be sold, or require an export license in connection with revenue transactions outside the United States. Given the high level of complexity of these laws, there is a risk that some provisions may be inadvertently breached, for example through the negligent or the unauthorized intentional behavior of individual employees, our failure to comply with certain formal documentation requirements or otherwise. Additionally, we may be held liable for actions taken by our local dealers and partners. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, and prohibitions on the conduct of our business. Any such violations could include prohibitions on our ability to offer our products in one or more countries and could materially damage our reputation, our brands, our international expansion efforts, our ability to attract and retain employees, our business and our operating results.

Our Strategy of Leasing Seismic Products Exposes Us to Additional Risks Relating to Equipment Recovery, Lease Renewals, Technological Obsolescence and Impairment of Assets

Our rental fleet of seismic equipment represents a significant portion of our assets and accounts for a growing portion of our revenue. Equipment leased by our customers is frequently located in foreign countries where retrieval of the equipment after the termination of the lease is difficult or impossible if the customer does not return the equipment. The costs associated with retrieving this equipment or the loss of equipment that is not retrieved could be significant and could adversely affect our operations and earnings.

The advancement of seismic technology having a significant competitive advantage over the equipment in our rental fleet could have an adverse effect on our ability to profitably lease and/or sell this equipment. Significant improvements in technology may also require us to record asset impairment charges to write-down the value of our rental fleet investment and to invest significant sums to upgrade or replace our rental fleet with newer equipment demanded by our customers. In addition, rental contracts may not be renewed for equipment in our rental fleet, whether or not it has become obsolete. Significant technology improvements by our competitors could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and earnings.

Our equipment leasing business has high fixed costs, which primarily consist of depreciation expenses. In periods of declining rental revenue, these fixed costs generally do not decline. As a result, any significant decline in rental revenue caused by reduced demand could adversely affect our results of operations.

Cybersecurity Breaches and Other Disruptions of Our Information Technology Network and Systems Could Adversely Affect Our Business

We rely on information technology networks and systems, some of which are owned and operated by third parties, to process, transmit and store electronic information. In particular, we depend on our information technology infrastructure for a variety of functions, including worldwide financial reporting, inventory management, procurement, invoicing and email communications. Any of these systems may be susceptible to outages due to fire, floods, power loss, telecommunications failures, terrorist attacks and similar events. Despite the implementation of network security measures, our systems and those of third parties on which we rely may also be vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins, malware and similar disruptions. Malware, if surreptitiously installed on our systems and not timely detected and removed, could collect and disclose sensitive information relating to our customers, employees or others, exposing us to legal liability and causing us to suffer reputational damage. It could also lead to disruptions in critical systems or the corruption or destruction of critical data. If we are unable to prevent such outages and breaches, these events could damage our reputation and lead to financial losses from remedial actions, loss of business or potential liability.

Because We Have No Plans to Pay Any Dividends for the Foreseeable Future, Investors Must Look Solely to Stock Appreciation for a Return on Their Investment in Us

We have not paid cash dividends on our common stock since our incorporation and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to support our operations and growth. Any payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent on the amount of funds legally available, our financial condition, capital requirements, loan covenants and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.

Unfavorable Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations Could Adversely Affect Our Results of Operations

Substantially all of our third-party revenue from the United States is invoiced in U.S. dollars, though from time to time we may invoice revenue transactions in foreign currencies including intercompany sales. As a result, we may be subject to foreign currency fluctuations on our revenue. The reporting currency for our financial statements is the U.S. dollar. However, the assets, liabilities, revenue and costs of our Russian, Canadian and United Kingdom subsidiaries and our Chinese and Colombian branch offices are denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars. To prepare our consolidated financial statements, we must translate those assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses into U.S. dollars at then-applicable exchange rates. Consequently, increases and decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar versus these other currencies will affect the amount of these items in our consolidated financial statements, even if their value has not changed in their original currency. These translations could result in significant changes to our results of operations from period to period. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, approximately 22.2% of our consolidated revenue related to the operations of our foreign subsidiaries and branches.

At September 30, 2017, we have approximately 13.0 million shares outstanding held by non-affiliates. This small float results in a relatively limited market for our common stock. Our daily trading volume for the year ended September 30, 2017

averaged approximately 52,000 shares. Our small float and daily trading volumes have in the past caused, and may in the future result in, significant volatility in our stock price.

We no longer manufacture thermal film and now purchase all of our thermal film from a European manufacturer. Except for the film sold to us by this manufacturer, we know of no other source for thermal film that performs as well in our imaging equipment. If the European manufacturer were to discontinue producing thermal film, were to become unwilling to contract with us on competitive terms or were unable to supply thermal film in sufficient quantities to meet our requirements, our ability to compete in the direct thermal imaging marketplace could be impaired, which could adversely affect our financial performance.

Certain models of our marine wireless products require a timing device we purchase from a United States manufacturer. We currently do not possess the ability to manufacture this component and have no other source for this device. If this manufacturer were to discontinue its production of this timing device, were to become unwilling to contract with us on competitive terms or were unable to supply the component in sufficient quantities to meet our requirements, our ability to compete in the marine wireless marketplace could be impaired, which could adversely affect our financial performance.

Our success depends on attracting and retaining highly skilled professionals. A number of our employees are highly skilled engineers and other professionals. In addition, our success depends to a significant extent upon the abilities and efforts of the members of our senior management team. If we fail to continue to attract and retain such professionals, our ability to compete in the industry could be adversely affected.

A Continued General Downturn in the Economy in Future Periods May Adversely Affect Our Business

Uncertainty in the European markets and slowing growth in China and India and any other economic slowdown in future periods, could adversely affect our business in ways that we cannot predict. During times of economic slowdown, our customers may reduce their capital expenditures and defer or cancel pending projects and product orders. Such developments occur even among customers that are not experiencing financial difficulties. Any economic downturn may adversely affect the demand for oil and gas generally or cause volatility in oil and gas commodity prices and, therefore, adversely affect the demand for delivery of our products to the oil and gas industry. It could also adversely affect the demand for consumer and industrial products, which could in turn adversely affect our non-seismic business segment. To the extent these factors adversely affect other seismic companies in the industry, there could be an oversupply of products and services and downward pressure on pricing for seismic products and services, which could adversely affect us. Additionally, bankruptcies or financial difficulties among our customers could reduce our cash flows and adversely impact our liquidity and profitability. See “The Limited Market for Our Seismic Products Can Affect Our Revenue in the Seismic Business Segment,” above.

Due to its proximity to the Texas Gulf Coast, our facilities in Houston, Texas are annually subject to the threat of hurricanes, and the aftermath that follows. Hurricanes may cause, among other types of damage, the loss of electrical power for extended periods of time. If we lost electrical power at our Pinemont facility, or if a fire or other natural disaster occurred, we would be unable to continue our manufacturing operations during the power outage because we do not own a generator or any other back-up power source large enough to provide for our manufacturing power consumption needs. Additionally, we do not have an alternative manufacturing or operating location in the United States. Therefore, a significant disruption in our manufacturing operations could materially and adversely affect our business operations during an extended period of a power outage, fire or other natural disaster. We have a back-up generator to provide power for our information technology operations. We store our back-up data offsite and we replicate our mission critical data to an alternative cloud-based data center on a real-time basis. In the event of a major service interruption in our data center, we believe we would be able to activate our mission critical applications within less than 24 hours.

We and several of our subsidiaries are parties to a credit agreement with a bank. Amounts available for borrowing under the credit agreement are determined by a borrowing base, which is determined based upon the book value of certain of our assets. The credit agreement limits the incurrence of additional indebtedness, requires the maintenance of a single financial ratio that compares certain of our and our U.S. subsidiaries’ assets to certain of our liabilities, restricts our and our U.S. subsidiaries’ ability to pay cash dividends and contains other covenants customary in agreements of this type. Our ability to comply with these restrictions may be affected by events beyond our control, including, but not limited to, prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions and continuing declines in our product revenue. The breach of any of these covenants or restrictions, as well as any failure to make a

payment of interest or principal when due, could result in a default under the credit agreement. Such a default would permit our lender to declare any amounts borrowed from it to be due and payable, together with accrued and unpaid interest, and the ability to borrow under the credit agreement could be terminated. If we are unable to repay any debts owed to our lender, the lender could proceed against the collateral securing that debt. While we intend to seek alternative sources of cash in such a situation, there is no guarantee that any alternative cash source would be available or would be available on terms favorable to us.

Reliance on Third Party Subcontractors Could Adversely Affect Our Results of Operations and Reputation

We may rely on subcontractors to complete certain projects. The quality and timing of production and services by our subcontractors is not totally under our control. Reliance on subcontractors gives us less control over a project and exposes us to significant risks, including late delivery, substandard quality and high costs. The failure of our subcontractors to deliver quality products or services in a timely manner could adversely affect our profitability and reputation.

The High Fixed Costs of Our Operations Could Adversely Affect Our Results of Operations

We have a high fixed cost structure primarily consisting of (i) depreciation expenses associated with our rental equipment and (ii) fixed manufacturing costs including salaries and benefits, taxes, insurance, maintenance, depreciation and other fixed manufacturing costs. In regards to our rental equipment, large declines in the demand for rental equipment could result in substantial operating losses due to the on-going nature of rental equipment depreciation expense. Concerning our product manufacturing costs, in periods of low product demand our fixed costs generally do not decline or may decline only in modest increments. Therefore lower demand for our rental equipment and manufactured products could adversely affect our results of operations.

We periodically assess our long-lived assets for impairment. Significant sustained future decreases in oil and natural gas prices may require us to write down the value of these assets if future cash flows anticipated to be generated from the related assets fall below the asset’s net book value. If we are forced to write down the value of our long-lived assets, these noncash asset impairments could adversely affect our results of operations.

Our Use of Percentage-of-Completion Method of Accounting Could Result in Volatility in Our Results of Operations

We recognize revenue and profits on certain PRM systems using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Although we currently have no orders in hand that will require us to utilize the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, we anticipate that such contracts will again occur in the future although we can give no assurances in this regard. This accounting method requires us to estimate contract costs and the profitability of our long-term contracts. While such estimates may be reasonably reliable when made, these estimates can change as a result of uncertainties associated with these types of contracts. Accordingly, we review the contract price and cost estimates periodically as our manufacturing efforts progress, and the cumulative impact of any periodic revisions to the contract price or cost estimates will be reflected in the period in which these changes become known, including, to the extent required, the recognition of losses at the time such losses are known and estimable, and such losses could be material. In addition, change orders can increase (sometimes substantially) the future scope and cost of a job. Therefore, change order awards (although frequently beneficial in the long-term) can have the short-term effect of reducing the contract’s percentage-of-completion and, thus, the revenue and profits that otherwise would be recognized to date.

We have concluded that certain of our previously issued financial statements should not be relied upon and are restating certain of our previously issued financial statement, which may lead to, among other things, loss of investor confidence, negative impact on our stock price and certain other risks.

As discussed in the Explanatory Note to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”, including Notes 21and 22 of the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, on November 16, 2017 our Audit Committee concluded that our audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, and the unaudited consolidated financial statements for quarters ended December 31, 2016, March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 should no longer be relied upon because of an accounting error. The determination that the applicable financial statements should no longer be relied upon and that certain financial statements would be restated was made following the identification of financial statement misstatements relating to classification of inventories as noncurrent assets. We have determined that a portion of our inventories at September 30, 2016 and 2015 should have been classified as non-current assets, as all inventories were not reasonably expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed during our next operating cycle, and have corrected this error with restated consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2016 and 2015 and as of December 31, 2016, March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Although the restatement does not affect previously reported total assets, total liabilities, revenues, net loss, loss per share, or cash flows, the restatement makes us subject to additional risks and uncertainties, including unanticipated costs for accounting and legal fees. Such events may also cause a diversion of our management’s time and attention away from key projects. The restatement, or additional restatements in the future, may lead to a loss of investor confidence and declines in the trading price of our securities.

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, and this or other material weaknesses, or inadequate remediation measures, could impair our ability to report accurate financial information in a timely manner, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). As disclosed in Item 9A. “Controls and Procedures”, our management identified a material weakness relating to the error in our classification of current assets with respect to inventories. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As a result of this material weakness, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2017, based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013). If our remedial measures are insufficient to address the material weakness, or if additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control are discovered or occur in the future, our consolidated financial statements may contain material misstatements and may not be available in a timely manner and we could be required to restate our financial statements which could lead to substantial additional costs for accounting and legal fees.

Should We Fail to Maintain an Effective System of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, We May Not Be Able to Accurately Report Our Financial Results and Prevent Material Fraud, Which Could Adversely Affect the Value of Our Common Stock

Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent and detect material fraud. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent or detect material fraud, our operating results could be misstated. There can be no assurances that we will be able to prevent control deficiencies from occurring and which could cause us to incur unforeseen costs, negatively impact our results of operations, cause the market price of our common stock to decline, or have other potential adverse consequences.

We are involved in various pending legal actions in the ordinary course of our business. Management is unable to predict the ultimate outcome of these actions, because of the inherent uncertainty of litigation. However, management believes that the most probable, ultimate resolution of currently pending matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following graph compares the performance of the Company’s common stock with the performance of the Russell 2000 index and the Standard & Poor’s Oil & Gas Equipment and Services index as of each of the dates indicated.

The graph assumes $100 invested on September 30, 2012 (a) in the Company’s common stock, (b) in the stocks comprising the Russell 2000 index on that day and (c) in the stocks comprising the Standard & Poor’s Oil & Gas Equipment and Services index on that day. Reinvestment of all dividends on stocks comprising the two indices is assumed. The foregoing graphs are based on historical data and are not necessarily indicative of future performance. These graphs shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to Regulations 14A or 14C under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act.

Our common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “GEOS”. On November 15, 2017, there were approximately 123 holders of record of our common stock, and the closing price per share on such date was $15.08 as quoted by The NASDAQ Global Market.

The following table shows the high and low per share sales prices for our common stock reported on The NASDAQ Global Market.

Since our initial public offering in 1997, we have not paid dividends, and we do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We presently intend to retain our earnings for use in our business, with any future decision to pay cash dividends dependent upon our growth, profitability, financial condition and other factors our Board of Directors may deem relevant. Our existing credit agreement also has covenants that restrict our ability to pay dividends. For a discussion of our credit agreement, see the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources” contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following table sets forth certain selected historical financial data on a consolidated basis. We have derived the selected consolidated financial information as of September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015 and for fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015 from our audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We have derived the selected consolidated financial information as of September 30, 2014 and 2013 and for fiscal years 2014 and 2013 from audited consolidated information not included herein. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7 and our consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

	YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2017			2016			2015			2014			2013
	(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue	$	73,721		$	62,060		$	84,867		$	236,912		$	300,607
Cost of revenue		94,404			81,423			96,067			140,453			160,846
Gross profit (loss)		(20,683	)		(19,363	)		(11,200	)		96,459			139,761
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		20,238			21,533			22,671			25,291			23,383
Research and development		13,782			13,851			14,694			16,536			14,694
Goodwill impairment		—			—			1,843			—			—
Bad debt expense (recovery)		(380	)		763			2,147			833			457
Total operating expenses		33,640			36,147			41,355			42,660			38,534
Income (loss) from operations		(54,323	)		(55,510	)		(52,555	)		53,799			101,227
Other income (expense), net		215			177			2,721			(256	)		(134	)
Income (loss) before income taxes		(54,108	)		(55,333	)		(49,834	)		53,543			101,093
Income tax expense (benefit)		2,683			(9,363	)		(17,193	)		16,632			31,536
Net income (loss)	$	(56,791	)	$	(45,970	)	$	(32,641	)	$	36,911		$	69,557
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	(4.32	)	$	(3.52	)	$	(2.51	)	$	2.82		$	5.40
Diluted	$	(4.32	)	$	(3.52	)	$	(2.51	)	$	2.81		$	5.38
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		13,134,071			13,044,875			12,996,958			12,950,958			12,886,372
Diluted		13,134,071			13,044,875			12,996,958			12,997,009			12,938,661
Other Financial Data:
Depreciation and amortization expenses	$	17,766		$	19,914		$	19,547		$	17,774		$	12,229
Impairment of long-lived assets		5,331			1,814			—			—			—
Inventory obsolescence expense		21,472			11,212			3,887			2,617			187
Stock-based compensation expense		5,732			5,220			4,539			4,119			544
Capital expenditures		1,632			2,369			6,162			33,511			41,659

We did not declare or pay any cash dividends during any of the periods noted in the above tables.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is management’s discussion and analysis of the major elements of our consolidated financial statements. You should read this discussion and analysis together with our consolidated financial statements, including the accompanying notes, and other detailed information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including under the heading “Risk Factors.” The discussion of our financial condition and results of operations includes various forward-looking statements about our markets, the demand for our products and services and our future plans and results. These statements are based on assumptions that we consider to be reasonable, but that could prove to be incorrect. For more information regarding our assumptions, you should refer to the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Assumptions” below.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents incorporated by reference herein, if any, contain “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “intend”, “expect”, “plan”, “budget”, “forecast”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “predict”, “potential”, “continue”, “evaluating” or similar words. Statements that contain these words should be read carefully because they discuss our future expectations, contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial position or state other forward-looking information. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements that we make regarding our expected operating results, the adoption and sale of our products in various geographic regions, anticipated levels of capital expenditures and the sources of funding therefore, and our strategy for growth, product development, market position, financial results and the provision of accounting reserves. These forward-looking statements reflect our current judgment about future events and trends based on the information currently available to us. However, there will likely be events in the future that we are not able to predict or control. The factors listed under the caption “Risk Factors”, as well as cautionary language in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, provide examples of risks, uncertainties and events that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking statements. Such examples include, but are not limited to, decreases in commodity price levels, which could reduce demand for our products, the failure of our products to achieve market acceptance, despite substantial investment by us, our sensitivity to short term backlog, delayed or cancelled customer orders, product obsolescence resulting from poor industry conditions or new technologies, bad debt write-offs associated with customer accounts, and any negative impact from our restatement of our financial statements regarding current assets. The occurrence of the events described in these risk factors and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position, and actual events and results of operations may vary materially from our current expectations. We assume no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that we may make from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

We design and manufacture instruments and equipment used by the oil and gas industry to acquire seismic data in order to locate, characterize and monitor hydrocarbon producing reservoirs. The Company also designs and manufactures non-seismic products, including industrial products and imaging equipment. See the information under the heading “Business” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

As we have reported in the past, our revenue and operating profits have varied significantly from quarter-to-quarter, and even year-to-year, and are expected to continue that trend in the future, especially when our quarterly or annual financial results are impacted by the presence or absence of relatively large, but somewhat erratic, shipments of permanent seabed reservoir monitoring systems and/or wireless data acquisition systems for land and marine applications.

We report and evaluate financial information for two segments: Seismic and Non-Seismic. Summary financial data by business segment follows (in thousands):

	YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2017			2016			2015
Seismic
Traditional exploration product revenue	$	14,756		$	13,298		$	30,083
Wireless exploration product revenue		29,690			18,400			25,070
Reservoir product revenue		2,663			2,094			5,412
Total revenue		47,109			33,792			60,565
Operating loss		(46,902	)		(47,690	)		(42,732	)
Non-Seismic
Industrial product revenue		14,420			16,223			11,965
Imaging product revenue		11,607			11,485			11,793
Total revenue		26,027			27,708			23,758
Operating income		4,153			4,093			3,031
Corporate
Revenue		585			560			544
Operating loss		(11,574	)		(11,913	)		(12,854	)
Consolidated Totals
Revenue		73,721			62,060			84,867
Operating loss		(54,323	)		(55,510	)		(52,555	)

Early in calendar year 2014, we began to experience a softening in the demand for our seismic exploration products, particularly in North America, as capital budgets for oil and gas producers were trending away from exploration-focused activities toward production and exploitation activities. During this period oil production in North America’s unconventional shale reservoirs increased, as did oil production from other non-OPEC countries, resulting in an oversupply of crude oil in the world market. Market prices for a barrel of crude oil declined from over $100 in July 2014 to approximately $27 in January 2016, and have recovered somewhat to approximately $57 today. With this decline in oil and natural gas prices, oil and gas exploration and production companies experienced a significant reduction in cash flows, which resulted in sharp reductions in their capital spending budgets for oil and gas exploration-focused activities, including seismic activities. We expect revenue from our seismic products, and in particular our traditional and wireless products, to remain low until crude oil prices stabilize at higher levels and exploration-focused industry conditions improve. We expect these challenging industry conditions to continue to negatively impact the demand for our seismic products throughout fiscal year 2018.

In September 2017, we were notified by a previous PRM system customer that it is in the process of requesting quotes for two new PRM systems which must utilize fiber optic sensor technology. Since our PRM designs utilize electrical sensor technology, we will not be participating with a quotation for the design and manufacture of these PRM systems. We believe that our PRM system designs, which utilize electrical sensor technology, provide the best long-term functionality and performance of any PRM system, and we continue to aggressively market our PRM systems to major oil and gas companies. However, the occurrence of this notice, combined with the absence of any new PRM orders of any technology type since November 2012, have caused us to provide additional obsolescence reserves for a substantial portion of our PRM inventories, and we concluded a triggering event occurred and performed an impairment assessment on certain heavy equipment used for the manufacturing of PRM systems, which resulted in an impairment. Specific to our PRM inventories and manufacturing equipment, we recorded obsolescence reserves of $5.1 million and impairment expense of $5.3 million, respectively, in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.

Consolidated revenue for fiscal year 2017 increased $11.7 million, or 18.8% from fiscal year 2016. The increase in revenue for fiscal year 2017 was primarily due to an increase in revenue from our seismic business segment, driven by an increase in demand for our wireless exploration products, including the sale of 45,000 GSX channels in our fourth quarter.

Consolidated gross profit (loss) for fiscal year 2017 was a loss of ($20.1) million, compared to a loss of ($19.4) million for fiscal year 2016. The decline in gross profit (loss) for fiscal year 2017 was primarily due to a $10.3 million increase in inventory obsolescence expenses and a $5.3 million increase in equipment impairment charges. The decline was partially offset by an increase in wireless exploration product sales and, to a lesser extent, a decrease in manufacturing costs resulting from the Company’s workforce reduction in the second fiscal quarter of 2016. Until seismic product demand increases to historical norms, we expect our consolidated gross margins to remain low.

In light of current market conditions, our seismic product inventories at September 30, 2017 far exceed levels considered appropriate for the current level of product demand. We are aggressively working to continue reducing these legacy inventory

balances throughout fiscal year 2018 and beyond; however, we also expect to add new inventories for recent product developments. During periods of excessive inventory levels, our policy has been, and will continue to be, to record higher obsolescence expense in our consolidated income statement as we experience reduced levels of inventory turnover and as our inventories continue to age. If current market conditions continue, we expect to record additional inventory obsolescence expense in fiscal year 2018 and beyond until seismic product demand and resulting seismic inventory turnover levels return to acceptable levels.

Consolidated operating expenses for fiscal year 2017 were $33.6 million, a decrease of $2.5 million, or 6.9%, from fiscal year 2016. This decrease was primarily attributable to the Company’s cost reduction program implemented during the second fiscal quarter of 2016 and, to a lesser extent, a decrease in bad debt expense.

Consolidated other income for fiscal year 2017 was flat from fiscal year 2016. An increase in interest income from our short-term investments and notes receivable was offset by an increase in foreign exchange losses attributable to U.S. dollar deposits held by our Russian subsidiary.

Consolidated income tax expense (benefit) for fiscal year 2017 was $2.7 million compared to ($9.4) million for the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year. Our effective tax rates for fiscal year 2017 and 2016 were 5.0% and (16.9)%, respectively. The United States statutory tax rate for the same periods was 35%. Compared to the United States statutory rate, the lower effective tax rates for fiscal year 2017 resulted from our inability to recognize any tax benefits for the tax losses we incurred in the U.S. and Canada due to the uncertainty surrounding our ability to utilize these losses in the future to offset taxable income. In addition, for fiscal year 2017, we recorded tax expenses for (i) U.S. income taxes paid in prior years resulting from the sale of rental equipment to our foreign subsidiaries and (ii) the recognition of a valuation allowance against foreign taxes withheld from rental revenues invoiced into foreign taxing jurisdiction. For fiscal year 2016, the lower effective tax rate resulted primarily from our inability to recognize tax benefits for the tax losses we incurred in the U.S. and Canada due to the uncertainty of their utilization; however, we were able to recognize an income tax benefit of $13.1 million related to our ability to carryback certain U.S. tax losses to obtain a refund of taxes paid in previous years.

Consolidated revenue for fiscal year 2016 decreased $22.8 million, or 26.9%, from fiscal year 2015. The decrease in revenue for fiscal year 2016 was primarily attributable to substantially lower product demand in our seismic business segment driven by the low level of crude oil prices.

Consolidated gross profit (loss) for fiscal year 2016 was ($19.4) million, compared to ($11.2) million for fiscal year 2015. The change in gross profit (loss) for fiscal year 2016 was caused by a number of factors, including (i) a substantial reduction in seismic product revenue, (ii) unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs due to lower factory utilization caused by reduced demand for our seismic products and (iii) increased inventory obsolescence expenses due to higher levels of slow-moving seismic inventories and (iv) the write-down of certain seismic inventories and rental equipment to their expected net realizable value.

Consolidated operating expenses for fiscal year 2016 decreased $5.2 million, or 12.6%, from fiscal year 2015. The decrease in operating expenses was partially attributable to our cost reduction program, as well as a $1.8 million reduction in goodwill impairment expense and a $1.4 million reduction in bad debt expense.

Consolidated other income for fiscal year 2016 decreased $2.5 million, or 93.5%, from fiscal year 2015. The decrease in other income primarily resulted from a decrease in foreign exchange gains attributable to U.S. dollar deposits held by our Russian subsidiary.

Our effective tax rates for fiscal year 2016 and 2015 were (14.1)% and (34.5)%, respectively. The United States statutory tax rate for the same periods was 35%. The lower effective tax rate for fiscal year 2016 resulted from (i) a tax expense for a valuation allowance against the Company’s U.S. and Canadian deferred tax assets of $7.7 million, (ii) a tax expense of $1.4 million to recapture a manufacturers’/producers’ deduction associated with the carryback of our fiscal year 2016 operating loss, and (iii) a tax expense of $1.0 million recorded during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2016 to correct our fiscal year 2015 income tax benefit.

Revenue from our seismic products for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 increased $13.3 million, or 39.4%, from the prior fiscal year. The components of this increase include the following:

Our operating loss associated with revenue from our seismic products for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 decreased $0.8 million, or 1.7%, from the prior year. The decrease in operating loss for fiscal year 2017 was primarily due to (i) increased wireless exploration product sales and (ii) lower manufacturing and operating costs due to workforce reductions initiated in the second fiscal quarter of 2016. This decrease was partially offset by an increase of $10.3 million in inventory obsolescence expense and $5.3 million in impairment charges on PRM manufacturing equipment.

Revenue from our seismic products for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 decreased $26.8 million, or 44.2%, from the prior fiscal year. In each of the product groups discussed below, the decline in revenue resulted from lower demand for our seismic products due to a weakening of industry conditions brought about by the substantial decline in oil and gas prices which began in 2014. The components of this decrease include the following:

Our operating loss from our seismic products for fiscal year 2016 increased $5.0 million, or 11.6%, from fiscal year 2015. The increase in operating loss for fiscal year 2016 was due to the substantial decline in our product revenue, unutilized factory costs due to low productivity, inventory obsolescence expense and impairment of rental assets.

Revenue from our non-seismic products for the year ended September 30, 2017 decreased $1.7 million, or 6.1%, from fiscal year 2016. The components of this decrease included the following:

Our operating income associated with sales of our non-seismic products for the year ended September 30, 2017 increased by $0.1 million, or 1.4% from fiscal year 2016. The increase in operating income was primarily driven by price increases and manufacturing efficiencies.

Revenue from our non-seismic products for the year ended September 30, 2016 increased $4.0 million, or 16.6%, from fiscal year 2015. The components of this increase include the following:

Our operating income associated with revenue from our non-seismic products for the year ended September 30, 2016 increased by $1.1 million, or 35.0%, from fiscal year 2015. The increase in operating income was primarily the result of increased revenue from our industrial products and was partially offset by lower operating income from our imaging product segment.

At September 30, 2017, we had approximately $15.1 million in cash and cash equivalents and $36.1 million in short-term investments. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, we generated $10.1 million of cash in operating activities primarily due to income tax refund as discussed below. Our net loss of $56.8 million was offset by (i) net non-cash charges of $50.0 million from deferred income taxes, depreciation, accretion, inventory obsolescence, asset impairments, stock-based compensation and bad debts, (ii) income tax refunds totaling $13.0 million, (iii) a $7.7 million decrease in trade accounts and notes receivable resulting from collections, (iv) a $3.0 million decrease in inventories caused by a drawdown of our excess levels of finished goods and (v) a $2.2 million decrease in prepaid income taxes related to the depreciation of intercompany profits by our foreign subsidiary. These sources of cash were partially offset by (i) the removal of a $9.1 million gross profit from the sale of used rental equipment since such gross profit is reflected in the proceeds from the sale of used rental equipment under investing activities and (ii) $1.3 million decrease in accrued and other expenses primarily due to lower property taxes.

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, we used cash of $5.5 million from investing activities. These uses of cash included (i) net disbursements of $8.7 million for the purchase of short-term investments, (ii) an investment of $1.2 million in property, plant and equipment and (iii) $0.5 million to expand our equipment rental fleet. These uses of cash were partially offset by $4.9 million in proceeds from the sale of used rental equipment. Regarding future investments into our rental fleet, we expect fiscal year 2018 cash investments into our rental fleet to be approximately $6 million and non-cash transfers from our inventory account of approximately $15 million pending demand for OBX and GSX systems. We estimate fiscal year 2018 cash investments in property, plant and equipment will be approximately $3 million. Our capital expenditures are expected to be funded from our cash on hand, internal cash flow or, if necessary, from borrowings under our credit agreement.

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, we generated cash proceeds of $0.1 million from financing activities from the exercise of stock options by our employees. We had no long-term debt outstanding throughout the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.

With the decline in oil and natural gas prices which have occurred since July 2014, exploration and production companies have experienced a significant reduction in cash flows resulting in sharp reductions in their capital spending budgets for exploration-focused activities, including seismic activities. As a result, our seismic business segment has experienced a significant decline in product orders and associated revenue, resulting in substantial operating losses and the continued depletion of our cash balances. Due to the uncertainty concerning a recovery of crude oil prices to levels capable of sustaining increased seismic exploration activities, we expect these depressed seismic market conditions to continue through fiscal year 2018.

Our available cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $51.2 million at September 30, 2017, including $7.6 million of cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries and branch offices. We intend to permanently reinvest the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. If we were to repatriate the cash held by our foreign subsidiaries, we would be required to accrue and pay taxes on any amounts repatriated.

Our credit agreement allows for borrowings of up to $30.0 million with such amounts available for borrowing determined by a borrowing base. At September 30, 2017, we had no outstanding borrowings under the credit agreement and, after consideration of $0.3 million of outstanding letters of credit, our borrowing availability under the credit facility was $23.8 million. At September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with all covenants under the credit agreement. In October 2017, we extended the maturity of the credit agreement from May 2018 to April 2019. We currently do not anticipate the need to borrow under the credit agreement; however, we can make no assurance that we will not do so.

In March 2017, we received a $12.8 million income tax refund from the U.S. Department of Treasury. The refund was a result of the significant tax losses we experienced in fiscal year 2016 which we elected to carryback to our fiscal year 2014 U.S. tax return to recoup taxes previously paid. In addition, we expect to receive an additional $0.3 million income tax refund from the U.S. Department of Treasury in our first fiscal quarter of 2018. For U.S. income tax purposes, we are now in a loss carryforward position in regards to our tax losses for fiscal year 2017 and beyond. As a result, we will not receive any additional U.S. federal income tax refunds in future years as a result of our current tax losses. The tax refunds we received in fiscal years 2016 and 2017 have been significant contributors to our overall liquidity. In the absence of future profitable results of operations, we may need to rely on other sources of liquidity to fund our future operating results, including liquidating short-term investments, executed rental contracts, available borrowings under our credit agreement through its expiration in April 2019, leveraging or sale of real estate assets, sales of rental assets and other liquidity sources which may be available to us. However, currently we believe that our cash and short-term investment balances will be sufficient to finance our operating losses and planned capital expenditures through December 2018.

At September 30, 2016, we had approximately $10.3 million in cash and cash equivalents and $27.5 million in short-term investments. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, we used $1.7 million of cash in operating activities. These uses of cash included (i) our net loss of $46.0 million, (ii) a $3.4 million increase in trade accounts and notes receivable primarily due to amounts owed under the OBX Contract, (iii) a $1.9 million decrease in accounts payable primarily due to declining inventory purchases resulting from reduced product demand and (iv) a $2.1 million decrease in accrued and other expenses primarily due to settlements and reductions in expected warranty claims. These uses of cash were partially offset by (i) non-cash charges of $43.2 million from deferred income taxes, depreciation, accretion, stock-based compensation, inventory obsolescence, asset impairments and bad debts, (ii) a $4.1 million decrease in income tax receivable primarily resulting from an $18.3 million income tax refund received in fiscal year 2016, (iii) a $5.2 million decrease in inventories caused by a drawdown of our excess levels of finished goods, and (iv) a $1.5 million decrease in prepaid income taxes.

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, we used cash of $10.2 million from investing activities. These uses of cash included (i) net disbursements of $9.4 million from the purchase and sale of short-term investments, (ii) $1.9 million for additions to our property, plant and equipment and (iii) $0.5 million to expand our rental equipment fleet, primarily for additional OBX nodes. In addition, we made non-cash inventory transfers to our rental fleet of approximately $4.0 million. These uses of cash were partially offset by $1.6 million in proceeds from the sale of used rental equipment.

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, we had no cash flows from financing activities. We had no long-term debt outstanding at September 30, 2016.

At September 30, 2015, we had approximately $22.3 million in cash and cash equivalents and $18.1 million in short-term investments. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, we used $11.4 million of cash from operating activities. These uses of cash included (i) our net loss of $32.6 million, (ii) a $6.0 million decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities primarily due to the payment of fiscal year 2014 incentive compensation, (iii) a $14.8 million increase in income tax receivable resulting from

our pretax loss and our intent to claim a tax refund of $17.4 million in our second quarter ending March 2016 for taxes paid in prior years, and (iv) a $3.6 million decrease in deferred revenue primarily due to the revenue recognition of a $3.0 million non-refundable customer deposit. These uses of cash were partially offset by (i) net non-cash charges of $31.2 million from deferred income taxes, depreciation, goodwill impairment, accretion, stock-based compensation, inventory obsolescence and bad debts, (ii) a $7.1 million decrease in trade accounts and financing receivables resulting from collections and a decline in revenue, (iii) a $9.7 million decrease in inventories caused by reduced product demand and a drawdown of our excess inventories, and (iv) a $1.0 million decrease in prepaid and other current assets.

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, we used cash of $0.3 million from investing activities. These uses of cash included (i) $4.0 million to expand our rental equipment fleet primarily for the addition of OBX nodes and (ii) $2.2 million for additions to our property, plant and equipment. These uses of cash were partially offset by (i) proceeds of $4.3 million from the sale of used rental equipment and (ii) net proceeds of $1.6 million from the sale and purchase of short-term investments.

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, we had no cash flows from financing activities.

We do not have any obligations which meet the definition of an off-balance sheet arrangement and which have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial statements or the items contained therein that are material to investors.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. We consider many factors in selecting appropriate operational and financial accounting policies and controls, and in developing the estimates and assumptions that are used in the preparation of these financial statements. We continually evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, bad debt reserves, inventory obsolescence reserves, self-insurance reserves for medical expenses, product warranty reserves, stock-based compensation and deferred income tax assets. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other factors, including the impact from the current economic conditions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different conditions or assumptions.

Our normal credit terms for trade receivables are 30 days. In certain situations, credit terms for trade receivables may be extended to 60 days or longer and such receivables generally do not require collateral. Additionally, we provide long-term financing in the form of promissory notes and sales-type leases when competitive conditions require such financing and, in such cases, we may require collateral. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our accounts and financing receivables, and allowances are recognized for potential credit losses.

Our long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever an event or change in circumstances indicates the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. The impairment review, if necessary, includes a comparison of expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) to be generated by an asset group with the associated carrying value of the related assets. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the expected future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value of the asset group exceeds its fair value.

Management makes judgments regarding the interpretation of tax laws that might be challenged upon an audit and cause changes to previous estimates of tax liability. In addition, we operate within multiple taxing jurisdictions and are subject to audit in these jurisdictions as well as by the Internal Revenue Service. In management’s opinion, adequate provisions for income taxes have been made for all open tax years. The potential outcomes of examinations are regularly assessed in determining the adequacy of the provision for income taxes and income tax liabilities. Management believes that adequate provisions have been made for reasonable and foreseeable outcomes related to uncertain tax matters.

We record a write-down of our inventories when the cost basis of any manufactured product, including any estimated future costs to complete the manufacturing process, exceeds its net realizable value. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined on a first-in, first-out method, except that our offices in the Russian Federation, Colombia and the United Kingdom use an average cost method to value their inventories.

We periodically review the composition of our inventories to determine if market demand, product modifications, technology changes, excessive quantities on-hand and other factors hinder our ability to recover our investment in such inventories. Management’s assessment is based upon historical product demand, estimated future product demand and various other judgments

and estimates. Inventory obsolescence reserves are recorded when such assessments reveal that portions or components of our inventory investment will not be realized in our operating activities.

The value of our inventories not expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed during our next operating cycle are classified as non-current assets.

We primarily derive our revenue from product sales and product rentals under short-term operating leases and sales type leases. Our products are produced in a standard manufacturing operation. We recognize revenue from product sales when (i) title passes to the customer, (ii) the customer assumes risks and rewards of ownership, (iii) the product sales price has been determined, (iv) collectability of the sales price is reasonably assured and (v) product delivery occurs as directed by our customer. We recognize rental revenue as earned over the rental period. Rentals of our equipment generally range from daily rentals to rental periods of up to six months or longer. Service revenue is recognized when services are rendered and are generally priced on a per day rate. Except for certain of our PRM products, our products are generally sold without any customer acceptance provisions and our standard terms of sale do not allow customers to return products for credit.

Most of our products do not require installation assistance or sophisticated instruction. We offer a standard product warranty, which obligates us to repair or replace our products having manufacturing defects. We maintain a reserve for future warranty costs based on historical experience or, in the absence of historical experience, management estimates.

Please refer to Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

Crude oil prices for West Texas Intermediate continued their volatility during fiscal year 2017, ranging from a high of $54 per barrel and a low of $43 per barrel. The instability in price coupled with oversupply in the world market continues to negatively impact the cash flows and spending patterns of oil and gas companies. Significantly reduced capital spending budgets targeted at oil and gas exploration projects, including both land and marine seismic projects, have contributed to the decline in our seismic business segment revenue and gross profit since fiscal year 2014. Although WTI crude oil prices have rebounded recently to $57 per barrel today, we believe pricing volatility will continue in the near term and serve to mute any significant rebound in seismic exploration spending during fiscal year 2018. As a result, we do not expect fiscal year 2018 customer demand for most of our seismic products will exceed fiscal year 2017 levels. As a result of reduced seismic exploration activities, many of our seismic customers are currently utilizing only a fraction of their owned seismic equipment. In most cases, this unutilized equipment is generally available for immediate deployment if future demand for seismic services were to increase. The availability of excess customer-owned seismic equipment combined with substantially reduced capital budgets and cash flows has curtailed our customer’s need to purchase or rent seismic equipment from providers like us. As a result, we expect large-ticket sales of our GSX and OBX wireless data acquisition systems, as well as sales of our other land and marine seismic products, are likely to remain at depressed levels through fiscal year 2018.

Our rental revenue is primarily derived from short-term leases of our GSX and OBX wireless products and, to a lesser extent, from our traditional and reservoir products. Rental revenue for our OBX wireless products decreased in fiscal year 2017, primarily due to the expiration of the OBX Contract. However, demand for rentals of our GSX land-based wireless equipment increased in fiscal year 2017. We believe our GSX and OBX rental revenue could increase in fiscal year 2018, although we can offer no assurances of such an increase due to the lack of executed firm rental contracts.

Many of our traditional seismic products are characterized as low margin commodity or consumable products with intense international competition. We believe the level of industry demand for these products is generally a good barometer of seismic crew activities since these product are consumed, damaged or lost while being utilized in seismic field operations. As a result of current industry conditions, revenue from these products has dropped significantly since fiscal year 2014, and we do not expect revenue levels from these lower margin products to grow during fiscal year 2018. As we focus our future product development and production activities targeted at higher margin specialty products and new technologies, especially our wireless and reservoir products, we expect future sales of these lower margin traditional seismic products to decline.

We have not received any orders for large-scale seabed PRM systems since November 2012 and we currently do not have any indication that such an order will be received in fiscal year 2018, although we do believe opportunities for PRM orders do exist in today’s market. If a large-scale order were received in fiscal year 2018, it could significantly impact our fiscal year 2018 revenue and profits. However, if no such order is received, we expect revenue and profits from our reservoir products to remain at fiscal year 2017 levels.

We expect fiscal year 2018 revenue from our non-seismic products to increase over fiscal year 2017 levels. We expect our industrial products to contribute the majority of this increase as a result of expanded market acceptance and new product innovations.

We have market risk relative to our short-term investments, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We do not engage in commodity or commodity derivative instrument purchase or sales transactions. Because of the inherent unpredictability of foreign currency rates and interest rates, as well as other factors, actual results could differ materially from those projected in this Item 7A.

One of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Geospace Technologies Eurasia, is located in the Russian Federation. In addition, we operate a branch office, Geospace Technologies Sucursal Sudamericana, in Colombia. Our financial results for these entities may be affected by factors such as volatile changes in foreign currency exchange rates, weak economic conditions or changes in the political climate. Our consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2017 reflected approximately $6.2 million and $0.2 million of foreign currency denominated net working capital related to our Russian and Colombian operations, respectively. Both of these entities receive a portion of their revenue and pay a majority of their expenses primarily in their local currency. To the extent that transactions of these entities are settled in their local currency, a devaluation of these currencies versus the U.S. dollar could reduce any contribution from these entities to our consolidated results of operations and total comprehensive income as reported in U.S. dollars. We do not hedge the market risk with respect to our operations in these countries; therefore, such risk is a general and unpredictable risk of future disruptions in the valuation of such currencies versus U.S. dollars to the extent such disruptions result in any reduced valuation of these foreign entities’ net working capital or future contributions to our consolidated results of operations. At September 30, 2017, the foreign exchange rate for $1.00 (one U.S. dollar) was equal to 57.73 Russian Rubles and 2,937 Colombian Pesos, respectively. If the value of the U.S. dollar were to increase by ten percent against these foreign currencies, our working capital in the Russian Federation and in Colombia could decline by $0.6 million and $25,000, respectively.

From time to time, we provide access to capital to our foreign subsidiaries through U.S. dollar denominated interest bearing promissory notes. Such funds are generally used by our foreign subsidiaries to purchase capital assets and for general working capital needs. In addition, we sell products to our foreign subsidiaries on trade credit terms in both U.S. dollars and in the subsidiary’s local currency. At September 30, 2017, we had outstanding Canadian-dollar denominated intercompany accounts receivable of CAN $26.1 million due from our Canadian subsidiary. We previously considered CAN $24.2 million of this intercompany accounts receivable to be of a long-term nature whereby settlement was not planned or anticipated in the foreseeable future, therefore resulting foreign exchange gains and losses were to be reported in the consolidated balance sheets as a component of other comprehensive income in accordance with ASC 830 “Foreign Currency Matters”. At September 30, 2017, we reassessed the long-term portion of the intercompany accounts receivable balance since our Canadian subsidiary recently executed a USD $7.3 million sale of a significant portion of its rental equipment. This transaction was not anticipated, and the resulting cash flows from this equipment sale are expected to result in a substantial decrease in the intercompany accounts receivable owed by the Canadian subsidiary. These cash flows combined with increased demand for certain wireless equipment manufactured by us increase the likelihood that the intercompany account receivable balance will be deemed of a short-term nature. At September 30, 2017, we considered the entire CAN$24.2 million intercompany accounts receivable to be of a short-term nature. In periods subsequent to September 30, 2017, the appreciation or devaluation of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar will result in a gain or loss, respectively, to our consolidated statement of operations. At September 30, 2017, the foreign exchange rate for USD $1.00 was equal to approximately CAN $1.25. In September 2017, we entered into a CAN $9.0 million hedge agreement with a United States bank to hedge a portion of our Canadian dollar foreign exchange rate exposure, resulting in an under-hedged position of approximately CAN $17.1 million. In October 2017, we entered into an additional CAN $11.0 million hedge agreement to further reduce this exposure. Both hedge agreements expire December 29, 2017. At September 30, 2017 if the U.S. dollar exchange rate were to strengthen by ten percent against the Canadian dollar, we would recognize a foreign exchange loss of USD $1.4 million in our consolidated financial statements.

Our credit agreement contains a floating interest rate which subjects us to the risk of increased interest costs associated with any upward movements in bank market interest rates. Under our credit agreement our borrowing interest rate is the Wall Street Journal prime rate, which was 4.25% at September 30, 2017. As of September 30, 2017, there were no borrowings outstanding under our credit agreement.

Our consolidated financial statements, including the reports thereon, the notes thereto and supplementary data begin at page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining a system of disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified under SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, there can be no assurance that our disclosure controls and procedures will detect or uncover all failures of persons within the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries to report material information otherwise required to be set forth in our reports.

In connection with the preparation of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the CEO and CFO, as of September 30, 2017 of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at September 30, 2017 due to the material weakness described in “Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” as of September 30, 2017.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2017. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment, our management concluded that due to a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as described below, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of September 30, 2017.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

As of September 30, 2017, we did not maintain effective controls concerning our classification of current assets with respect to inventories. We have determined that a portion of our inventories should have been classified as noncurrent assets, as all inventories were not reasonably expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed during our next operating cycle.

This error was subsequently identified and corrected, and resulted in a restatement of the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2016 and 2015 and as of December 31, 2016, March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, which are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The error had no impact upon previously reported total assets, total liabilities, revenues, net loss, loss per share, or cash flows.

Because of this material weakness, management concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2015, 2016 and 2017, based on criteria described in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

To remediate the material weakness described above, we are designing and implementing a quarterly control to determine the value of our inventories expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed during the next operating cycle. This control, which will encompass a review by senior management, will utilize a combination of forecasts and historical trends to determine our future expected inventory utilization. We believe that this measure will remediate the material weakness identified and strengthen the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

BDO USA, LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements of the Company included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued an attestation report on the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, based on their audits.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. As discussed above during the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, we are designing and implementing a new control to remediate the material weakness described above.

The information required by this Item is contained in our definitive Proxy Statement to be distributed within 120 days of September 30, 2017 in connection with our 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Executive Officers and Compensation,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” and “Code of Ethics” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by this Item is contained in our definitive Proxy Statement to be distributed within 120 days of September 30, 2017 in connection with our 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and is incorporated herein by reference, and in Item 5, “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities,” contained in Part II hereof.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence

The financial statements and financial statement schedules listed on the accompanying Index to Financial Statements (see page F-1) are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date

/s/ WALTER R. WHEELER	Director, President and Chief Executive Officer	December 1, 2017
Walter R. Wheeler	(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ THOMAS T. McENTIRE	Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	December 1, 2017
Thomas T. McEntire	(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

/s/ GARY D. OWENS	Chairman of the Board	December 1, 2017
Gary D. Owens

/s/ THOMAS L. DAVIS	Director	December 1, 2017
Thomas L. Davis

/s/ EDGAR R. GIESINGER, JR.	Director	December 1, 2017
Edgar R. Giesinger, Jr.
/s/ TINA M. LANGTRY	Director	December 1, 2017
Tina M. Langtry
/s/ RICHARD F. MILES	Director	December 1, 2017
Richard F. Miles
/s/ WILLIAM H. MOODY	Director	December 1, 2017
William H. Moody	Director	December 1, 2017
/s/ MICHAEL J. SHEEN	Director	December 1, 2017
Michael J. Sheen	Director	December 1, 2017
/s/ CHARLES H. STILL	Director	December 1, 2017
Charles H. Still	Director	December 1, 2017

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Geospace Technologies Corporation (“the Company”) as of September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended September 30, 2017. In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we have also audited the financial statement schedule as of and for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended September 30, 2017 listed in the accompanying index. These consolidated financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements and schedule. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Geospace Technologies Corporation as of September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended September 30, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule as of and for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended September 30, 2017, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

As discussed in Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements, the accompanying 2016 and 2015 consolidated financial statements have been restated to correct misstatements.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated December 1, 2017 expressed adverse opinions thereon.

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Geospace Technologies Corporation (the “Company”) as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Item 9A, Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our report dated November 17, 2016, we expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2016. Subsequent to November 17, 2016, the Company identified a material misstatement in its consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2016 and 2015, requiring restatement of such financial statements. Management revised its assessment of internal control over financial reporting due to the identification of a material weakness, described in the following paragraph, in connection with the financial statement restatement. Accordingly, our opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2016 expressed herein is different from that expressed in our previous report.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. A material weakness regarding management’s failure to design and maintain controls over the classification of inventory has been identified and described in management’s assessment. This material weakness was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2017, 2016 (as restated) and 2015 (as restated) consolidated financial statements, and this report does not affect our report dated December 1, 2017 on those financial statements.

In our opinion, Geospace Technologies Corporation did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, based on the COSO criteria.

We do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on management’s statements referring to any corrective actions taken by the Company after the date of management’s assessment.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Geospace Technologies Corporation as of September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended September 30, 2017, and our report dated December 1, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

	AS OF SEPTEMBER 30,
	2017			2016			2015
				(Restated-see Note 22)			(Restated-see Note 22)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,092		$	10,262		$	22,314
Short-term investments		36,137			27,491			18,112
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance of $1,395, $2,449 and $2,516		9,435			15,392			12,693
Financing receivables		3,055			1,533			2,004
Income tax receivable		273			13,290			17,369
Inventories		20,752			30,844			32,422
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,623			1,826			1,295
Total current assets		86,367			100,638			106,209
Rental equipment, net		16,462			30,973			46,036
Property, plant and equipment, net		37,399			44,732			48,709
Non-current inventories		55,935			73,696			92,378
Deferred income tax assets, net		259			216			4,554
Non-current financing receivables, net of allowance of $1,020, $500 and $0		8,195			1,817			1,516
Prepaid income taxes		450			2,620			4,095
Other assets		629			80			95
Total assets	$	205,696		$	254,772		$	303,592
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable trade	$	2,599		$	2,120		$	4,077
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		6,338			7,849			9,679
Deferred revenue		1,568			174			165
Income tax payable		—			125			3
Total current liabilities		10,505			10,268			13,924
Deferred income tax liabilities		37			37			44
Total liabilities		10,542			10,305			13,968
Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding		—			—			—
Common stock, $.01 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized, 13,438,316, 13,328,066 and 13,147,916 shares issued and outstanding		134			133			131
Additional paid-in capital		83,733			77,967			74,160
Retained earnings		125,517			182,308			228,278
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(14,230	)		(15,941	)		(12,945	)
Total stockholders’ equity		195,154			244,467			289,624
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	205,696		$	254,772		$	303,592

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

	YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2017			2016			2015
Revenue:
Products	$	60,055		$	46,530		$	73,691
Rental equipment		13,666			15,530			11,176
Total revenue		73,721			62,060			84,867
Cost of revenue:
Products		79,548			63,608			79,998
Rental equipment		14,856			17,815			16,069
Total cost of revenue		94,404			81,423			96,067
Gross profit (loss)		(20,683	)		(19,363	)		(11,200	)
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		20,238			21,533			22,671
Research and development		13,782			13,851			14,694
Goodwill impairment		—			—			1,843
Bad debt expense (recovery)		(380	)		763			2,147
Total operating expenses		33,640			36,147			41,355
Loss from operations		(54,323	)		(55,510	)		(52,555	)
Other income:
Interest expense		(39	)		(26	)		(229	)
Interest income		653			376			427
Foreign exchange gains (losses)		(339	)		(113	)		2,622
Other, net		(60	)		(60	)		(99	)
Total other income, net		215			177			2,721
Loss before income taxes		(54,108	)		(55,333	)		(49,834	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		2,683			(9,363	)		(17,193	)
Net loss	$	(56,791	)	$	(45,970	)	$	(32,641	)
Loss per common share:
Basic	$	(4.32	)	$	(3.52	)	$	(2.51	)
Diluted	$	(4.32	)	$	(3.52	)	$	(2.51	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		13,134,071			13,044,875			12,996,958
Diluted		13,134,071			13,044,875			12,996,958

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

	Common Stock											Accumulated
	Shares			Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings			Other Comprehensive Loss			Total
Balance at October 1, 2014		13,147,416			131		70,704			260,919			(2,496	)		329,258
Net loss		—			—		—			(32,641	)		—			(32,641	)
Other comprehensive loss		—			—		—			—			(10,449	)		(10,449	)
Excess tax expense from stock-based compensation		—			—		(1,083	)		—			—			(1,083	)
Issuance of restricted stock		3,000			—		—			—			—			—
Forfeiture of restricted stock		(2,500	)		—		—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation		—			—		4,539			—			—			4,539
Balance at September 30, 2015		13,147,916			131		74,160			228,278			(12,945	)		289,624
Net loss		—			—		—			(45,970	)		—			(45,970	)
Other comprehensive loss		—			—		—			—			(2,996	)		(2,996	)
Excess tax expense from stock-based compensation		—			—		(1,411	)		—			—			(1,411	)
Issuance of restricted stock		182,400			2		(2	)		—			—			—
Forfeiture of restricted stock		(2,250	)		—		—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation		—			—		5,220			—			—			5,220
Balance at September 30, 2016		13,328,066			133		77,967			182,308			(15,941	)		244,467
Net loss		—			—		—			(56,791	)		—			(56,791	)
Other comprehensive income		—			—		—			—			1,711			1,711
Issuance of restricted stock		109,500			1		(1	)		—			—			—
Forfeiture of restricted stock		(3,250	)		—		—			—			—			—
Issuance of common stock pursuant to exercise of options, net of tax		4,000			—		35			—			—			35
Stock-based compensation		—			—		5,732			—			—			5,732
Balance at September 30, 2017		13,438,316			134	$	83,733		$	125,517		$	(14,230	)	$	195,154

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

	YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2017			2016			2015
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(56,791	)	$	(45,970	)	$	(32,641	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)		(25	)		4,209			(943	)
Rental equipment depreciation		12,530			14,523			13,948
Property, plant and equipment depreciation		5,236			5,391			5,599
Impairment of long-lived assets		5,331			1,814			—
Goodwill impairment		—			—			1,843
Accretion of discounts on short-term investments		60			110			225
Stock-based compensation expense		5,732			5,220			4,539
Bad debt expense (recovery)		(380	)		763			2,147
Inventory obsolescence expense		21,472			11,212			3,887
Gross profit from sale of used rental equipment		(9,054	)		(404	)		(3,208	)
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment		—			8			26
Realized loss on short-term investments		3			5			7
Excess tax expense from stock-based compensation		—			(1,411	)		(1,083	)
Effects of changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts and financing receivables		7,743			(3,428	)		7,088
Income tax receivable		13,041			4,078			(14,799	)
Inventories		2,962			5,193			9,661
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		680			(523	)		997
Prepaid income taxes		2,171			1,475			1,753
Accounts payable trade		477			(1,942	)		(834	)
Accrued expenses and other		(1,269	)		(2,149	)		(6,004	)
Deferred revenue		295			11			(3,567	)
Income taxes payable		(123	)		120			(10	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		10,091			(1,695	)		(11,369	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment		(1,177	)		(1,867	)		(2,189	)
Investment in rental equipment		(455	)		(502	)		(3,973	)
Proceeds from the sale of used rental equipment		4,884			1,584			4,278
Purchases of short-term investments		(19,242	)		(25,791	)		(6,306	)
Proceeds from the sale of short-term investments		10,532			16,368			7,902
Net cash used in investing activities		(5,458	)		(10,208	)		(288	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and other		50			—			—
Net cash provided by financing activities		50			—			—
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		147			(149	)		614
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		4,830			(12,052	)		(11,043	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of fiscal year		10,262			22,314			33,357
Cash and cash equivalents, end of fiscal year	$	15,092		$	10,262		$	22,314

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Geospace Technologies Corporation (“Geospace”) designs and manufactures instruments and equipment used by the oil and gas industry to acquire seismic data in order to locate, characterize and monitor hydrocarbon producing reservoirs. Geospace also designs and manufactures non-seismic products, including industrial products and imaging equipment. Geospace and its subsidiaries are referred to collectively as the “Company”.

The accompanying financial statements present the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Certain amounts previously presented in the consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net loss, stockholders’ equity or cash flows.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company considers many factors in selecting appropriate operational and financial accounting policies and controls, and in developing the estimates and assumptions that are used in the preparation of these financial statements. The Company continually evaluates its estimates, including those related to bad debt reserves, inventory obsolescence reserves, self-insurance reserves, product warranty reserves, impairment of long-lived assets and deferred income tax assets. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different conditions or assumptions.

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original or remaining maturity at the time of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

The Company classifies its short-term investments consisting of corporate bonds, government bonds and other such similar investments as available-for-sale securities. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair market value with net unrealized holding gains and losses reported each period as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity. See Note 2 for additional information.

The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts that, at times, exceed federally insured limits. Management of the Company believes that the financial strength of the financial institutions holding such deposits minimizes the credit risk of such deposits.

The Company sells products to customers throughout the United States and various foreign countries. The Company’s normal credit terms for trade receivables are 30 days. In certain situations, credit terms may be extended to 60 days or longer. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral for its trade receivables. Additionally, the Company provides long-term financing in the form of promissory notes and sales-type leases when competitive conditions require such financing. In such cases, the Company may require collateral. Allowances are recognized for potential credit losses. One customer comprised 17.8% of the Company’s revenue during fiscal year 2017. At September 30, 2017, the Company had

a financing receivable from this customer of $8.1 million. One customer comprised 18.5% of the Company’s revenues during fiscal year 2016. At September 30, 2016, the Company had an account receivable from this customer of $9.1 million. No customers comprised 10% of the Company’s revenue during fiscal year 2015.

The Company records a write-down of its inventories when the cost basis of any manufactured product, including any estimated future costs to complete the manufacturing process, exceeds its net realizable value. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined on the first-in, first-out method, except that certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries use an average cost method to value their inventories.

The Company periodically reviews the composition of its inventories to determine if market demand, product modifications, technology changes, excessive quantities on-hand and other factors hinder our ability to recover its investment in such inventories. The Company’s assessment is based upon historical product demand, estimated future product demand and various other judgments and estimates. Inventory obsolescence reserves are recorded when such assessments reveal that portions or components of the Company’s inventory investment will not be realized in its operating activities.

The Company reviews it inventories for classification purposes. The value of inventories not expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed during its next operating cycle are classified as noncurrent assets.

Property, plant and equipment and rental equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation expense is calculated using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

Expenditures for renewals and betterments are capitalized. Repairs and maintenance expenditures are charged to expense as incurred. The cost and accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise disposed of are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss thereon is reflected in the statements of operations.

The Company’s long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever an event or change in circumstances indicates the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. The impairment review, if necessary, includes a comparison of expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) to be generated by an asset group with the associated carrying value of the related assets. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the expected future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value of the asset group exceeds its fair value. At September 30, 2017, management reviewed the recoverability of the carrying value of certain of manufacturing cabling equipment based on future undiscounted cash flows and determined that the carrying value of the equipment exceeded the expected future cash flows. As a result, the Company compared the fair value of these assets to their carrying value and determined that the fair value was less than their carrying value. In estimating the fair value of the equipment, the Company utilized a combination of both the market and cost approach methods, with a weighted emphasis toward the market approach method. The market approach method assumes the most probable selling price for an asset. The cost approach method assumes what a prudent investor would pay to replace or reproduce an asset. As a result of the fair value analysis, impairment charges of $5.3 million were recorded for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017. Impairment charges of $1.8 million were recorded on certain rental assets for the fiscal ended September 30, 2016. The impairment charges are included as a component of cost of revenue in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

The Company primarily derives revenue from the sale of its manufactured products, including revenue derived from the sale of its manufactured rental equipment. In addition, the Company generates revenue from the short-term rental under operating leases of its manufactured products. The Company recognizes revenue from product sales, including the sale of used rental equipment, when all of the following have occurred: (i) title passes to the customer, (ii) the customer assumes the risks and rewards of ownership, (iii) the product sales price has been determined, (iv) collectability of the sales price is reasonably assured, and (v) product delivery occurs as directed by the customer. Although infrequent, in cases where collectability is not reasonably assured, the installment or cost recovery method is used. Except for certain of the Company’s reservoir characterization products, the Company’s products are generally sold without any customer acceptance provisions, and the Company’s standard terms of sale do not allow customers to return products for credit. The Company recognizes rental revenue as earned over the rental period. Rentals of the Company’s equipment generally range from daily rentals to rental periods of up to six months or longer. Revenue from engineering services is recognized as services are rendered over the duration of a project, or as billed on a per hour basis. Field service revenue is recognized when services are rendered and is generally priced on a per day rate.

The Company records deferred revenue when customer funds are received prior to the recognition of the associated revenue.

The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred. Research and development costs include salaries, employee benefit costs, department supplies, direct project costs and other related costs.

Most of the Company’s products do not require installation assistance or sophisticated instructions. The Company offers a standard product warranty obligating it to repair or replace equipment with manufacturing defects. The Company maintains a reserve for future warranty costs based on historical experience or, in the absence of historical product experience, management’s estimates. Reserves for future warranty costs are included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Changes in the product warranty reserve are reflected in the following table (in thousands):

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation, including grants of restricted awards and unqualified stock options in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, which requires that all share-based payments (to the extent that they are compensatory) be recognized as an expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations based on their fair values on the award date and the estimated number of shares it ultimately expects to vest.

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The Company’s stock-based compensation plan and awards are more fully described in Note 13.

The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries that have a foreign currency as their functional currency have been translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Results of operations have been translated using the average exchange rates during the year. Resulting translation adjustments have been recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in the statements of operations as they occur. Transaction gains and losses on intra-entity foreign currency transactions and balances including advances and demand notes payable, on which settlement is not planned or anticipated in the foreseeable future, are recorded in “accumulated other comprehensive loss” on our consolidated balance sheets.

Amounts billed to a customer in a sales transaction related to reimbursable shipping and handling costs are included in revenue and the associated costs incurred by the Company for reimbursable shipping and handling expenses are reported in cost of sales. The Company had shipping and handling expenses of $0.3 million, $0.4 million and $0.6 million for each of the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or the amount paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants (an exit price) at the measurement date. GAAP has established a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to the valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels. These levels are determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Level 1 represents unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. Level 2 represents quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets (other than those included in Level 1) which are observable, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 represents valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

Income taxes are presented in accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740 (“Topic 740”) guidance for accounting for income taxes. The estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as operating loss and tax credit carrybacks and carryforwards are recorded. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities (temporary differences) and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company periodically reviews the recoverability of tax assets recorded on the balance sheet and provides valuation allowances if it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized.

The Company follows the guidance of Topic 740 to analyze all tax positions that are less than certain. Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. In accordance with Topic 740, the Company recognizes in its financial statements the impact of a tax position if that position is “more likely than not” to be sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company’s estimate of the potential outcome of any uncertain tax issue is subject to management’s assessment of relevant risks, facts, and circumstances existing at that time.

The Company classifies interest and penalties associated with the payment of income taxes in the Other Income (Expense) section of its consolidated statements of operations.

In November 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance which requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This guidance must be adopted by the Company no later than its first quarter of fiscal year 2019 and should be applied on a retrospective transition basis. The Company has historically not held restricted cash balances and, therefore, does not

expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. However, upon adoption of this guidance, the Company will make any necessary changes to present restricted cash balances in accordance with the guidance.

In October 2016, the FASB issued guidance which eliminates the exception of recognizing, at the time of transfer, current and deferred income taxes for intercompany profits on intra-entity asset transfers other than inventory. This guidance must be adopted by the Company no later than its first quarter of fiscal year 2019 and applied on a modified retrospective transition basis. Since early adoption is permitted, the Company is planning to adopt this guidance in its first quarter of its fiscal year ending September 30, 2018.

Upon the adoption of the guidance, the Company will record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of $0.1 million. Under current guidance, the Company maintains a non-current prepaid income tax asset on its consolidated balance sheets representing income taxes paid in the U.S. on profits realized from the sale of rental equipment to its foreign subsidiaries. As this rental equipment is depreciated, the prepaid tax is recognized as a current income tax expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. Upon adoption of the new guidance, the Company will be required to recognize a deferred tax asset related to the intercompany profits realized on the sale of assets to its subsidiaries; however, profits realized from the intercompany sale of inventories will continue to be accounted for as a prepaid income tax asset similar to the current guidance. The deferred tax asset resulting from the sale of non-inventory assets will be recognized at the jurisdictional tax rate of the subsidiary purchasing the asset. Any differences between the subsidiary’s jurisdictional tax rate and the seller’s tax rate pertaining to the intercompany profit will be charged to seller’s current income tax expense at the time of the sale. Since the current U.S. income tax rate is substantially higher than the current income tax rates applicable to each of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries, adoption of the new guidance could have a significant impact on the Company’s provision for income taxes in future periods if significant amounts of rental equipment are sold by the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries to its foreign subsidiaries.

In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance surrounding credit losses for financial instruments that replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The new impairment model requires immediate recognition of estimated credit losses expected to occur for most financial assets and certain other financial instruments. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, credit losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption for a fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2018 is permitted. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first effective reporting period. The Company expects to adopt this standard during the first quarter of its fiscal year ending September 30, 2021 and is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance to simplify key components of employee share-based payment accounting. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. The new guidance simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including: (a) income tax consequences; (b) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities; and (c) classification of excess tax benefits from share-based payments on the statement of cash flows. The Company will adopt this guidance in the first quarter of its fiscal year ending September 30, 2018. No cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings will be needed upon adoption as the Company has no unrecorded excess tax benefits residing in additional paid-in-capital account. Under the current standard, the Company is required to track and record as a component of additional paid-in capital the tax impact of cumulative windfalls, net of any shortfalls, which result from excess tax benefits from share-based payments. As a result, the impact of net windfalls has not historically affected the Company’s provision for income taxes or its effective income tax rate. In addition, the Company will no longer track windfalls or shortfalls resulting from share-based payments since all future windfalls and shortfalls will be recorded as a component of the Company’s current provision for income taxes. Depending on the magnitude of future windfalls or shortfalls, this change could significantly affect the Company’s provision for income taxes in a positive or negative direction.

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance requiring a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. Consistent with current GAAP, the recognition, measurement and presentation of expense and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily will depend on its classification of the lease as a finance or operating lease. However, unlike current GAAP, which requires only capital leases to be recognized on the balance sheet, the new guidance will also require operating leases of the lessee to be recognized on the balance sheet if the operating lease term is more than 12 months. The guidance also requires disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users to better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. These disclosures include qualitative and quantitative requirements, providing additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods therein, beginning after December 15, 2018 and is to be applied using the modified retrospective approach. The Company expects to adopt this standard in its first quarter of its fiscal year ending September 30, 2020. The Company currently is not a lessee under any lease agreements with a term longer than one year. The Company is routinely a lessor in its rental contracts with customers; however,

these rental agreements are generally short-term in nature and we believe would be treated as operating leases under the new guidance; however, we have not completed a detailed review of our lease arrangements and these conclusions are subject to change.

In July 2015, the FASB issued guidance requiring management to measure inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Under the new guidance, net realizable value is defined as the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period and should be applied retrospectively, with early application permitted. The Company will adopt this standard in its first quarter of its fiscal year ending September 30, 2018. Since the Company is a manufacturer and the nature of its inventory is generally unique to its designs and applications thus preventing the gathering of relevant external market data, its practice for calculating net realizable value under the current standard is consistent with the practice prescribed by the new guidance. Therefore, the Company does not expect the adoption of the new guidance to have a material effect upon its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance requiring entities to recognize revenue from contracts with customers by applying a five-step model in accordance with the core principle to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, this guidance specifies the accounting for some costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer and expands disclosure requirements for revenue recognition. In August 2015, the FASB issued guidance deferring the effective date of this guidance to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods therein. Entities have the option to adopt this guidance either retrospectively or through a modified retrospective transition method. This new standard will supersede existing revenue guidance and affect the Company's revenue recognition process and the presentations or disclosures of the Company's consolidated financial statements and footnotes. The Company recognizes revenue through three primary transactions types: (i) the immediate recognition of revenue through the routine delivery of products to its customers, (ii) the rental of equipment to its customers through short-term operating leases, and (iii) the recognition of revenue utilizing the percentage of completion method for the delivery of complex products requiring long manufacturing times and substantial engineering resources. The Company expects to adopt this standard in the first quarter of its fiscal year ending September 30, 2019 and is in the early stages of evaluating the standard, including the method of adoption to determine the impact on its consolidated financial statements. Further disclosures around policy changes or quantitative effects will be made as the Company moves closer to the adoption of this standard.

During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015 the Company realized losses of $3,000, $5,000 and $7,000, respectively, from the sale of short-term investments. The realized losses are recorded in Other Income (Expense) on the consolidated statements of operations. At September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company’s short-term investments were composed of the following (in thousands):

	AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2016
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
Short-term investments
Corporate bonds	$	17,342	$	—	$	(19	)	$	17,323
Government bonds		10,169		—		(1	)		10,168
Total	$	27,511	$	—	$	(20	)	$	27,491


	AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2015
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
Short-term investments
Corporate bonds	$	15,166	$	—	$	(5	)	$	15,161
Government bonds		2,948		3		—			2,951
Total	$	18,114	$	3	$	(5	)	$	18,112

The Company’s short-term investments have contractual maturities ranging from October 2017 to October 2019.

At September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company’s Canadian subsidiary had CAN$26.1 million, CAD$27.1 million and CAN$28.1 million, respectively, of Canadian dollar denominated intercompany accounts payable owed to one of the Company’s U.S subsidiaries. In order to mitigate its exposure to movements in foreign currency rates between the U.S. dollar and Canadian dollar, the Company routinely enters into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge a portion of its exposure to changes in the value of the Canadian dollar. On September 29, 2017, the Company entered into a CAN$9.0 million 90-day hedge contract with a United States Bank to reduce the impact on cash flows from movements in the Canadian dollar/U.S. dollar currency exchange rate, but has not been designated as a hedge for accounting purposes.

The following table summarizes the gross fair value of all derivative instruments, which are not designated as hedging instruments and their location in the consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

The following table summarizes the impact of the Company’s derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):

Amounts in the above table include realized and unrealized derivative gains and losses.

At September 30, 2016, the Company’s financial instruments included cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, a foreign currency forward contract, trade, notes and financing lease receivables and accounts payable. Due to the short-term maturities

of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables and accounts payable, the carrying amounts approximate fair value on the respective balance sheet dates.

The Company measures short-term investments and derivatives at fair value on a recurring basis.

The following tables present the fair value of the Company’s short-term investments and foreign currency forward contracts at September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015 respectively, by valuation hierarchy and input (in thousands):

	AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2016
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable (Level 3)		Totals
Short-term investments
Corporate bonds	$	17,323	$	—		$	—	$	17,323
Government bonds		10,168		—			—		10,168
Foreign currency forward contract		—		5			—		5
Total	$	27,491	$	5		$	—	$	27,496


	AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2015
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable (Level 3)		Totals
Short-term investments
Corporate bonds	$	15,161	$	—		$	—	$	15,161
Government bonds		2,951		—			—		2,951
Foreign currency forward contract		—		(18	)		—		(18	)
Total	$	18,112	$	(18	)	$	—	$	18,094

The measurements utilized to determine the implied fair value of long-lived assets as of September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015 represented significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following (in thousands):

Inventory obsolescence expense totaled approximately $21.5 million, $11.2 million and $3.9 million during fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Raw materials include semi-finished goods and component parts which totaled approximately $43.2 million, $43.8 million and $48.4 million at September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The allowance for doubtful accounts represents the Company’s best estimate of probable credit losses. The Company determines the allowance based upon historical experience and a review of its balances. Accounts receivable balances are charged off against the allowance whenever it is probable that the receivable will not be recoverable. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

	SEPTEMBER 30, 2017			SEPTEMBER 30, 2016			SEPTEMBER 30, 2015
Promissory notes	$	4,306		$	3,850		$	3,520
Sales-type lease		8,581			—			—
Total financing receivables		12,887			3,850			3,520
Unearned income:
Notes		(90	)		—			—
Sales-type lease		(527	)		—			—
Total unearned income		(617	)		—			—
Total financing receivables, net of unearned income		12,270			3,850			3,520
Allowance for doubtful notes		(1,020	)		(500	)		-
Less current portion		3,055			1,533			2,004
Non-current financing receivables	$	8,195		$	1,817		$	1,516

Promissory notes receivable are generally collateralized by the products sold, and bear interest at rates ranging up to 5% per year. The promissory notes receivable mature at various times through September 2020. The Company has, on occasion, extended or renewed notes receivable as they mature, but there is no obligation to do so.

The sales-type lease was derived from the sale of rental equipment in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017. The sales-type lease has a term of three years. Future minimum lease payments required under the lease were $8.6 million at September 30, 2017. The Company expects to receive $2.9 million of future minimum lease payments in each of fiscal years 2018, 2019 and 2020. The equipment will have no residual value to the Company at the end of the lease term.

Rental equipment depreciation expense was $12.5 million, $14.5 million and $13.9 million in fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Impairment expense of $1.8 million on rental equipment was incurred in fiscal year 2016. The Company transferred $1.7 million, $4.0 million and $5.0 million of inventories to its rental equipment during fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which had a non-cash impact.

	AS OF SEPTEMBER 30,
	2017			2016			2015
Land and land improvements	$	8,572		$	8,552		$	8,714
Building and building improvements		31,034			30,756			30,955
Machinery and equipment		53,185			51,034			44,905
Furniture and fixtures		1,352			1,323			1,260
Transportation equipment		31			28			29
Tools and molds		2,181			2,165			1,864
Leasehold improvements		-			-			43
Construction in progress		1,135			807			6,135
		97,490			94,665			93,905
Accumulated depreciation and impairment		(60,091	)		(49,933	)		(45,196	)
	$	37,399		$	44,732		$	48,709

Property, plant and equipment depreciation expense was $5.2 million, $5.4 million and $5.6 million in fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Impairment expense of $5.3 million was incurred on certain equipment in fiscal year 2017. The impairment expense is included as a component of cost of revenue in the consolidated statement of operations.

The Company had no long-term debt outstanding at September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

On March 2, 2011, the Company entered into a credit agreement with Frost Bank with borrowing availability of $50.0 million (the “Credit Agreement”). On May 4, 2015, the Company amended the Credit Agreement which reduced its borrowing availability to $30.0 million with amounts available for borrowing determined by a borrowing base. The borrowing base is determined based upon certain of the Company’s and its U.S. subsidiaries’ assets which include (i) 80% of certain accounts receivable plus (ii) 50% of certain notes receivable (such result not to exceed $10 million) plus (iii) 25% of certain inventories (excluding work-in-process inventories). As of September 30, 2017, the Company’s borrowing base was $24.1 million. As of September 30, 2017, the amount available for borrowing was $23.8 after consideration of $0.3 million of outstanding letters of credit. The Company’s domestic subsidiaries have guaranteed the obligations of the Company under the Credit Agreement and such subsidiaries have secured their obligations under such guarantees by the pledge of substantially all of the assets of such subsidiaries, except real property assets. The Company is required to make monthly interest payments on borrowed funds. The Credit Agreement as amended limits the incurrence of additional indebtedness, requires the maintenance of a single financial ratio that compares certain of the Company’s assets to certain of its liabilities, restricts the Company and its subsidiaries’ ability to pay cash dividends and contains other covenants customary in agreements of this type. The interest rate for borrowings under the Credit Agreement as amended is based on the Wall Street Journal prime rate, which was 4.25% at September 30, 2017. At September 30, 2017, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.

On October 25, 2017, the Company entered into another amendment to the Credit Agreement which extended its maturity from May 4, 2018 to April 30, 2019. The amendment also modified the borrowing base to be determined based upon certain of the Company’s assets which include (i) 80% of certain accounts receivable plus (ii) 50% of certain notes receivable (such result not to exceed $10 million) plus (iii) 25% of certain inventories (such result not to exceed $20 million) and requires the Company to maintain unencumbered liquid assets of $10 million. The amendment also removed a requirement that the Company maintain a financial ratio that compares certain of the Company’s assets to certain of its liabilities and imposed a new financial covenant that the Company maintain a minimum amount of certain liquid assets.

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	AS OF SEPTEMBER 30,
	2017		2016		2015
Product warranty	$	508	$	392	$	2,326
Compensated absences		1,287		1,509		1,653
Legal and professional fees		194		218		277
Payroll		682		692		581
Property and sales taxes		2,383		3,234		2,909
Medical claims		550		624		763
Employee bonuses		—		—		36
Other		734		1,180		1,134
	$	6,338	$	7,849	$	9,679

The Company is self-insured for certain losses related to employee medical claims. The Company has purchased stop-loss coverage for individual claims in excess of $175,000 per claimant per year in order to limit its exposure to any significant levels of employee medical claims. Self-insured losses are accrued based on the Company’s historical experience and on estimates of aggregate liability for uninsured claims incurred using certain actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry.

The Company’s U.S. employees are participants in the Geospace Technologies Corporation’s Employee’s 401(k) Retirement Plan (the “Plan”), which covers substantially all eligible employees in the United States. The Plan is a qualified salary reduction plan in which all eligible participants may elect to have a percentage of their compensation contributed to the Plan, subject to certain guidelines issued by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company’s share of discretionary matching contributions was approximately $0.8 million, $0.8 million and $1.0 million in fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The Company’s stock incentive plans in which key employees may participate are discussed in Note 13 to these Consolidated Financial Statements.

In September 1997, the board of directors and stockholders approved the 1997 Key Employee Stock Option Plan (as amended the “1997 Plan”) and, following amendments thereto, there has been reserved an aggregate of 2,250,000 shares of common stock for issuance thereunder. The1997 Plan expired in November 2017.

In February 2014, the board of directors and stockholders approved the 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”), which replaced the 1997 Plan. Under the 2014 Plan, an aggregate of 1,500,000 shares of common stock may be issued. The Company is authorized to issue nonqualified and incentive stock options to purchase common stock and restricted stock awards of common stock to key employees, directors and consultants under the 2014 Plan. Options have a term not to exceed ten years, with the exception of incentive stock options granted to employees owning ten percent or more of the outstanding shares of common stock, which have a term not to exceed five years. The exercise price of any option may not be less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. In the case of incentive stock options granted to an employee owning ten percent or more of the outstanding shares of common stock, the exercise price of such option may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Under the 2014 Plan, the Company may issue shares of restricted stock to employees for no payment by the employee or for a payment below the fair market value on the date of grant. The restricted stock is subject to certain restrictions described in the 2014 Plan.

At September 30, 2017, an aggregate of 923,175 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2014 Plan. No shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 1997 Plan.

The following table summarizes the combined activity under the equity incentive plans for the indicated periods:

	Number of Nonqualified Options Outstanding			Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Number of Restricted Stock Awards			Weighted Average Grant-date Fair Value per Share
Outstanding at October 1, 2014		89,700		$	17.27		189,000		$	95.03
Granted		—			—		3,000			19.13
Exercised		—			—		—			—
Forfeited		—			—		(2,500	)		98.68
Vested		—			—		(47,000	)		95.02
Outstanding at September 30, 2015		89,700			17.27		142,500			93.80
Granted		69,300			14.87		182,400			14.84
Exercised		—			—		—			—
Forfeited		—			—		(2,250	)		77.33
Vested		—			—		(49,000	)		90.73
Outstanding at September 30, 2016		159,000			16.23		273,650			39.98
Granted		51,300			21.42		109,500			21.12
Exercised		(4,000	)		8.78		—			—
Forfeited		(4,500	)		26.48		(3,250	)		28.73
Vested		—			—		(91,100	)		22.02
Outstanding at September 30, 2017		201,800		$	17.47		288,800		$	28.92

During fiscal year 2017, the Company issued 109,500 shares of restricted stock under the 2014 Plan. The weighted average grant date fair value of the restricted stock was $21.12 per share. The grant date fair value of these awards was $2.3 million, which will be charged to expense over the next four years as the restrictions lapse. Compensation expense for restricted stock awards was determined based on the closing market price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant applied to the total number of shares that are anticipated to fully vest. Recipients of restricted stock awards are entitled to vote such shares and are entitled to dividends, if paid.

During fiscal year 2017, the Company also issued 51,300 nonqualified stock options under the Plan. The options issued are based upon three tiers, each with separate service based vesting conditions and market conditions that affect exercisability. The market based conditions are based on achieving a specified market return on the Company’s stock price. Compensation expense for the nonqualified stock option awards was determined based on a Monte Carlo simulation, which incorporates the possibility that the market conditions may not be satisfied. The weighted average grant date fair value of the options issued was determined to be $9.35 per option. The requisite service period of the options issued ranges from 18 to 36 months.

The restricted stock outstanding at September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was issued from the 2014 Plan. The stock options outstanding at September 30, 2015 were issued under the 1997 Plan. The stock options granted during fiscal year 2017 and 2016 were issued under the 2014 Plan. All stock options outstanding represent nonqualified options.

The total intrinsic value of nonqualified stock options exercised during fiscal year 2017 was $45,000. No nonqualified stock options were exercised during fiscal years 2016 and 2015.

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 2017:

	Options Outstanding								Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices	Shares		Weighted Average Remaining Term (in years)		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Intrinsic Value		Shares		Weighted Average Remaining Term (in years)		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Intrinsic Value
$8.78 to $8.78		34,200		1.2	$	8.78	$	309,168		34,200		1.2	$	8.78	$	309,168
$14.87 to $14.87		69,300		8.1		14.87		204,435		—		—		—		—
$21.42 to $26.48		98,300		6.0		22.32		—		47,000		2.5		23.30		—
		201,800		5.9	$	17.47	$	513,603		81,200		3.3	$	17.18	$	309,168

The Company recognized $5.7 million, $5.2 million and $4.5 million of stock-based compensation expense for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had unrecognized compensation expense of $3.7 million relating to restricted stock awards. This unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.6 years. In addition, the Company had $0.4 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to nonqualified stock option awards which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.3 years.

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):

	YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2017			2016			2015
Current
Federal	$	2,422		$	(13,726	)	$	(16,901	)
Foreign		286			148			647
State		-			6			4
		2,708			(13,572	)		(16,250	)
Deferred:
Federal		-			2,881			964
Foreign		(25	)		1,328			(1,907	)
		(25	)		4,209			(943	)
	$	2,683		$	(9,363	)	$	(17,193	)

Actual income tax expense (benefit) differs from income tax expense computed by applying the U.S. statutory federal tax rate of 35.0% for each of the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015 as follows (in thousands):

	YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2017			2016			2015
Benefit for U.S federal income tax at statutory rate	$	(18,940	)	$	(19,365	)	$	(17,442	)
Effect of foreign income taxes		124			630			249
Research and experimentation tax credit		(248	)		(686	)		(400	)
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit		—			4			2
Nondeductible expenses		164			149			488
Resolution of prior years’ tax matters		2			2,400			96
Contingency for uncertainty in income taxes		—			—			(121	)
Change in valuation allowance		20,087			7,715			—
Foreign income taxes - tax credits		506			—			—
Disallowance of stock compensation adjustments in excess of book		1,074			—			—
Other items		(86	)		(210	)		(65	)
	$	2,683		$	(9,363	)	$	(17,193	)
Effective tax rate		(5.0	)%		(16.9	)%		34.5	%

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s net deferred income tax asset were as follows (in thousands):

	AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2017									AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2016									AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2015
	U.S.			Non U.S.			Total			U.S.			Non U.S.			Total			U.S.			Non U.S.			Total
Deferred income tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	777		$	7		$	784		$	715		$	51		$	766		$	681		$	21		$	702
Inventories		11,215			50			11,265			5,089			21			5,110			4,350			(34	)		4,316
Net operating loss carry-forwards, tax credits and deferrals		11,803			4,490			16,293			3,000			3,823			6,823			-			2,270			2,270
Stock-based compensation		2,147			—			2,147			1,905			—			1,905			1,690			—			1,690
Accrued product warranty		174			2			176			130			4			134			803			6			809
Accrued compensated absences		419			—			419			467			—			467			520			—			520
Property and equipment		—			430			430			—			—			—			101			—			101
Insurance and other reserves		127			7			134			170			—			170			62			43			105
		26,662			4,986			31,648			11,476			3,899			15,375			8,207			2,306			10,513
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Allowance for doubtful accounts		—			(9	)		(9	)		—			—			—			31			—			31
Property, plant and equipment and other		(3,087	)		(71	)		(3,158	)		(7,470	)		(11	)		(7,481	)		(5,264	)		(770	)		(6,034	)
Subtotal deferred income tax assets		23,575			4,906			28,481			4,006			3,888			7,894			2,974			1,536			4,510
Valuation allowance		(23,575	)		(4,684	)		(28,259	)		(4,006	)		(3,709	)		(7,715	)		-			-			-
Net deferred income tax assets	$	—		$	222		$	222		$	—		$	179		$	179		$	2,974		$	1,536		$	4,510

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are reported as follows in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

The financial reporting basis of investments in foreign subsidiaries exceed their tax basis. A deferred tax liability is not recorded for this temporary difference because the investment is deemed to be permanent. A reversal of the Company’s plans to permanently invest in these foreign operations would cause the excess to become taxable. At September 30, 2017, the Company had $7.6 million of cash and cash equivalents held by its foreign subsidiaries. At September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the temporary difference related to undistributed earnings for which no deferred taxes have been provided was approximately $12.8 million, $13.0 million and $14.4 million, respectively.

Tax return filings which are subject to review by local tax authorities by major jurisdiction are as follows:

The following table is a reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax liabilities (in thousands):

As of September 30, 2017, the Company had net operating loss (“NOL”) carry-forwards of approximately $24.1 million in the United States, $18.6 million in Canada, $0.9 million in Russia and $0.1 million in the United Kingdom to offset future taxable income in those jurisdictions. The NOL carry-forwards for the United States, Canada and Russia begin to expire in 2037, 2033 and 2026, respectively. The NOL carry-forwards for the United Kingdom currently have no expiration.

During the year ended September 30, 2016, management concluded that it was more-likely-than-not that all of our U.S. and Canadian net deferred tax assets will not be realized in accordance with U.S. GAAP. At September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016, we had a valuation allowance against our U.S. net deferred tax assets of $23.6 million and $4.0 million, respectively, and a valuation allowance against our Canadian net deferred tax assets of $4.7 million and $3.7 million, respectively.

The Company applies the two-class method in calculating per share data. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares used in basic loss per share during the period. Diluted loss per share is determined on the assumption that outstanding dilutive stock options have been exercised and the aggregate proceeds as defined were used to reacquire common stock using the average price of such common stock for the period.

The following table summarizes the calculation of net loss and weighted average common shares and common equivalent shares outstanding for purposes of the computation of loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

	YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2017			2016			2015
Net loss	$	(56,791	)	$	(45,970	)	$	(32,641	)
Less: Income allocable to unvested restricted stock		—			—			—
Loss available to common shareholders		(56,791	)		(45,970	)		(32,641	)
Reallocation of participating earnings		—			—			—
Loss attributable to common shareholders for diluted earnings per share	$	(56,791	)	$	(45,970	)	$	(32,641	)
Weighted average number of common share equivalents:
Common shares used in basic loss per share		13,134,071			13,044,875			12,996,958
Common share equivalents outstanding related to stock options		—			—			—
Total weighted average common shares and common share equivalents used in diluted loss per share		13,134,071			13,044,875			12,996,958
Loss per shares:
Basic	$	(4.32	)	$	(3.52	)	$	(2.51	)
Diluted	$	(4.32	)	$	(3.52	)	$	(2.51	)

For the calculation of diluted loss per share for fiscal years 2017 and 2016, 201,800 and 159,000 stock options, respectively, were excluded in the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding as a result of their impact being antidilutive. No stock options were excluded in the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding for fiscal year 2015.

The Company regularly transacts business with Creative Marketing Services, LP (“CMS”), a company owned by the spouse of Richard F. Miles, a director of the Company. CMS is a marketing company which has historically provided marketing, communications, and support services to the Company, including product photography, video shoots, brochure design, magazine advertising, website design, annual report production and various other marketing and advertising services. For fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company incurred expenses of $7,000, $39,000, and $79,000, respectively, to CMS for these services.

During the first quarter of fiscal year 2016, the Company initiated a program to reduce operating costs in light of the decrease in demand for its seismic products. The program included workforce reductions, a facility consolidation and other cost reductions related to the Company’s seismic business segment. In connection with its workforce reductions, the Company incurred $1.0 million of termination costs in its second fiscal quarter of 2016. The costs related to the program are recorded to both cost of revenue and operating expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. No further costs are expected and there were no outstanding liabilities related to this program as of September 30, 2017 and 2016.

The Company leases office space and certain equipment on a month to month basis. Rent expense was approximately $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.4 million during fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The Company is involved in various pending legal actions in the ordinary course of its business. Management is unable to predict the ultimate outcome of these actions, because of the inherent uncertainty of litigation. However, management believes that

the most probable, ultimate resolution of current pending matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

	YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2017		2016		2015
Cash paid for:
Interest	$	39	$	26	$	286
Income taxes		—		—		638
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Inventory transferred to rental equipment		1,677		3,982		5,013
Inventory transferred to property, plant and equipment		1,863		130		98
Financing receivables in connection with sale of used rental equipment		9,386		—		—
Settlement of note receivable in connection with return of rental equipment		—		—		2,588
Prepaid assets transferred to property, plant and equipment		—		—		4,219

The Company reports and evaluates financial information for two segments: Seismic and Non-Seismic. Seismic product lines include wireless data acquisition systems, reservoir characterization products and services, and traditional exploration products such as geophones, hydrophones, leader wire, connectors, cables, marine streamer retrieval and steering devices and various other products. The Non-Seismic product lines include imaging products and industrial products.

	YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2017			2016			2015
Revenue:
Seismic	$	47,109		$	33,792		$	60,565
Non-seismic		26,027			27,708			23,758
Corporate		585			560			544
Total		73,721			62,060			84,867
Income (loss) from operations:
Seismic		(46,902	)		(47,690	)		(42,732	)
Non-seismic		4,153			4,093			3,031
Corporate		(11,574	)		(11,913	)		(12,854	)
Total		(54,323	)		(55,510	)		(52,555	)
Depreciation, impairment, inventory obsolescence and stock-based compensation expenses:
Seismic		47,620			34,945			23,696
Non-seismic		785			746			505
Corporate		1,895			1,847			1,728
Total		50,300			37,538			25,929
Interest income:
Seismic		311			161			280
Non-seismic		—			3			7
Corporate		342			212			140
Total		653			376			427
Interest expense:
Seismic		—			—			—
Non-seismic		—			—			—
Corporate		39			26			229
Total		39			26			229

The Company’s manufacturing operations for its Seismic and Non-Seismic business segments are combined. Therefore, the Company does not segregate and report separate balance sheet accounts for these segments. As a result, the Company has not presented business segment balance sheet information in the table above.

“Corporate” revenue consists of rental revenue earned from an operating lease of a surplus building located in Houston, Texas. “Corporate” loss from operations primarily consists of the Company’s Houston headquarter general and administrative expenses.

The Company generates revenue from product sales and rentals from its subsidiaries located in the United States, Canada, Colombia, the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom. Revenue information for the Company is as follows (in thousands):

A summary of revenue by geographic area for fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015 is as follows (in thousands):

Revenue is attributed to countries based on the ultimate destination of the product sold, if known. If the ultimate destination is not known, revenue is attributed to countries based on the geographic location of the initial shipment.

The following table represents summarized data for each of the quarters in fiscal years 2017 and 2016 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	2017
	Fourth Quarter			Third Quarter			Second Quarter			First Quarter
Revenue	$	23,683		$	14,195		$	20,558			$	15,285
Gross profit (loss)		(9,686	)		(5,112	)		(2,558	)			(3,327	)
Loss from operations		(18,178	)		(13,774	)		(11,060	)			(11,311	)
Other income (expense), net		231			46			(102	)			40
Net loss		(19,207	)		(14,376	)		(11,503	)			(11,705	)
Basic loss per share	$	(1.46	)	$	(1.09	)	$	(0.88	)		$	(0.89	)
Diluted loss per share	$	(1.46	)	$	(1.09	)	$	(0.88	)		$	(0.89	)

	2016
	Fourth Quarter			Third Quarter			Second Quarter			First Quarter
Revenue	$	16,314		$	17,678		$	14,931			$	13,137
Gross profit (loss)		(5,467	)		(2,900	)		(4,594	)			(6,402	)
Loss from operations		(14,816	)		(12,015	)		(13,987	)			(14,692	)
Other income (expense), net		2			(617	)		719				73
Net loss		(12,309	)		(11,654	)		(10,965	)			(11,042	)
Basic loss per share	$	(0.94	)	$	(0.89	)	$	(0.84	)		$	(0.85	)
Diluted loss per share	$	(0.94	)	$	(0.89	)	$	(0.84	)		$	(0.85	)

As discussed in Note 22, the Company restated its unaudited consolidated balance sheets for the quarters ended December 31, 2016, March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017. The impact of the restatement on these balance sheets was as follows (in thousands):

	AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016
	As Reported		Adjustment			Restated
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	12,794	$	-		$	12,794
Short-term investments		24,739		-			24,739
Trade accounts receivable, net		13,819		-			13,819
Financing receivables, net		1,678		-			1,678
Income tax receivable		13,290		-			13,290
Inventories		101,765		(77,089	)		24,676
Prepaid and other current assets		1,855		-			1,855
Total current assets		169,940		(77,089	)		92,851
Rental equipment		26,821		-			26,821
Property, plant and equipment		43,477		-			43,477
Non-current inventories	-			77,089			77,089
Deferred income tax assets, net		179		-			179
Non-current financing receivables, net		1,385		-			1,385
Prepaid income taxes		2,227		-			2,227
Other assets		80		-			80
Total assets		244,109		-			244,109
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	244,109	$	-		$	244,109

	AS OF MARCH 31, 2017
	As Reported		Adjustment			Restated
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	19,307	$	-		$	19,307
Short-term investments		28,862		-			28,862
Trade accounts receivable, net		16,709		-			16,709
Financing receivables, net		1,890		-			1,890
Income tax receivable		483		-			483
Inventories		92,103		(69,448	)		22,655
Prepaid and other current assets		1,827		-			1,827
Total current assets		161,181		(69,448	)		91,733
Rental equipment		24,485		-			24,485
Property, plant and equipment		44,484		-			44,484
Non-current inventories	-			69,448			69,448
Deferred income tax assets, net		247		-			247
Non-current financing receivables, net		427		-			427
Prepaid income taxes		1,843		-			1,843
Other assets		80		-			80
Total assets		232,747		-			232,747
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	232,747	$	-		$	232,747

	AS OF JUNE 30, 2017
	As Reported		Adjustment			Restated
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	17,077	$	-		$	17,077
Short-term investments		36,461		-			36,461
Trade accounts receivable, net		8,327		-			8,327
Financing receivables, net		2,614		-			2,614
Income tax receivable		473		-			473
Inventories		88,024		(65,642	)		22,382
Prepaid and other current assets		1,854		-			1,854
Total current assets		154,830		(65,642	)		89,188
Rental equipment		20,551		-			20,551
Property, plant and equipment		43,432		-			43,432
Non-current inventories	-			65,642			65,642
Deferred income tax assets, net		267		-			267
Non-current financing receivables, net		588		-			588
Prepaid income taxes		1,464		-			1,464
Other assets		641		-			641
Total assets		221,773		-			221,773
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	221,773	$	-		$	221,773

Prior to the issuance of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, the Company concluded that its previously issued consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 and the quarters ended December 31, 2016, March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, should be restated because of an accounting error with respect to the classification of inventories.

The Company classified inventories as a current asset in its consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2016, December 31, 2016, March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017. The Company has now determined that all of its inventories for each of those dates were not reasonably expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed during the Company’s next operating cycle. The restatement did not affect previously reported net loss, total assets, total liabilities or stockholders' equity or cash flows. The impact of the restatement to the balance sheets at September 30, 2016 and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

	AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2016
	As Reported		Adjustment			Restated
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	10,262	$	-		$	10,262
Short-term investments		27,491		-			27,491
Trade accounts receivable, net		15,392		-			15,392
Financing receivables, net		1,533		-			1,533
Income tax receivable		13,290		-			13,290
Inventories		104,540		(73,696	)		30,844
Prepaid and other current assets		1,826		-			1,826
Total current assets		174,334		(73,696	)		100,638
Rental equipment		30,973		-			30,973
Property, plant and equipment		44,732		-			44,732
Non-current inventories	-			73,696			73,696
Deferred income tax assets, net		216		-			216
Non-current financing receivables, net		1,817		-			1,817
Prepaid income taxes		2,620		-			2,620
Other assets		80		-			80
Total assets		254,772		-			254,772
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	254,772	$	-		$	254,772


	AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2015
	As Reported		Adjustment			Restated
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	22,314	$	-		$	22,314
Short-term investments		18,112		-			18,112
Trade accounts receivable, net		12,693		-			12,693
Financing receivables, net		2,004		-			2,004
Income tax receivable		17,369		-			17,369
Inventories		124,800		(92,378	)		32,422
Prepaid and other current assets		1,295		-			1,295
Total current assets		198,587		(92,378	)		106,209
Rental equipment		46,036		-			46,036
Property, plant and equipment		48,709		-			48,709
Non-current inventories	-			92,378			92,378
Deferred income tax assets, net		4,554		-			4,554
Non-current financing receivables, net		1,516		-			1,516
Prepaid income taxes		4,095		-			4,095
Other assets		95		-			95
Total assets		303,592		-			303,592
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	303,592	$	-		$	303,592

See Note 21 for the impact of the restatement on the balance sheets as of December 31, 2016, March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017.

	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charged to Costs and Expenses			Charged to Other Assets		(Deductions) and Additions			Balance at End of Period
Year ended September 30, 2017
Allowance for doubtful accounts on accounts and financing receivables	$	2,949	$	(380	)	$	—	$	(154	)	$	2,415
Year ended September 30, 2016
Allowance for doubtful accounts on accounts and financing receivables		2,516		763			—		(330	)		2,949
Year ended September 30, 2015
Allowance for doubtful accounts on accounts and financing receivables		1,125		2,147			—		(756	)		2,516


	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charged to Costs and Expenses			Charged to Other Assets		(Deductions) and Additions			Balance at End of Period
Year ended September 30, 2017
Inventory obsolescence reserve	$	9,674	$	21,472		$	—	$	(1,532	)	$	29,614
Year ended September 30, 2016
Inventory obsolescence reserve		6,675		10,590			—		(7,591	)		9,674
Year ended September 30, 2015
Inventory obsolescence reserve		7,764		3,887			—		(4,976	)		6,675


Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒	Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐	Emerging growth company ☐

Location	Owned/Leased	Approximate Square Footage/Acreage		Use	Segment
Houston, Texas	Owned		387,000	See Note 1 below	Seismic and non-seismic
Houston, Texas	Owned		77,000	See Note 2 below	Corporate
Houston, Texas	Owned		30,000	See Note 3 below	Seismic
Houston, Texas	Owned	17.3 acres		See Note 4 below	Seismic
Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia	Owned		120,000	Manufacturing, sales and service	Seismic
Calgary, Alberta, Canada	Owned		45,000	Manufacturing, sales and service	Seismic and non-seismic
Luton, Bedfordshire, England	Owned		8,000	Sales and service	Non-seismic
Beijing, China	Leased		1,000	Sales and service	Seismic
Bogotá, Colombia	Owned		19,000	Sales and service	Seismic

Year Ended September 30, 2017:	Low		High
Fourth Quarter	$	13.08	$	17.99
Third Quarter		13.59		17.04
Second Quarter		13.80		24.37
First Quarter		16.77		23.20

Year Ended September 30, 2016:
Fourth Quarter	$	14.51	$	19.96
Third Quarter		11.82		19.92
Second Quarter		7.62		14.69
First Quarter		10.16		18.91

Exhibit Number		Description of Documents

3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation of Geospace Technologies Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015, filed May 8, 2015).

3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws of Geospace Technologies Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 22, 2017).

10.1		Employment Agreement dated as of August 1, 1997, between the Company and Michael J. Sheen (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed September 30, 1997 (Registration No. 333-36727)).*

10.2		Employment Agreement effective as of January 1, 2012, by and between OYO Geospace Corporation and Walter R. Wheeler (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 9, 2011).*

10.3		Employment Agreement effective as of January 1, 2012, by and between OYO Geospace Corporation and Robbin B. Adams (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 9, 2011).*

10.4		Employment Agreement effective as of January 1, 2012, by and between OYO Geospace Corporation and Thomas T. McEntire (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 9, 2011).*

10.5		OYO Geospace Corporation 1997 Key Employee Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed November 5, 1997 (Registration No. 333-36727)).*

10.6		Amendment No. 1 to OYO Geospace Corporation 1997 Key Employee Stock Option Plan, dated February 2, 1998 (incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1998).*

10.7		Amendment No. 2 to OYO Geospace Corporation 1997 Key Employee Stock Option Plan, dated November 16, 1998 (incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1998).*

10.8		Amendment No. 3 to OYO Geospace Corporation 1997 Key Employee Stock Option Plan, dated November 10, 2000 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed February 15, 2005 (Registration No. 333-122835)).*

10.9		Amendment No. 4 to OYO Geospace Corporation 1997 Key Employee Stock Option Plan, dated February 8, 2005 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed February 15, 2005 (Registration No. 333-122835)).*

10.10		Amendment No. 5 to OYO Geospace Corporation 1997 Key Employee Stock Option Plan, dated January 1, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2013).*

10.11		Amendment No. 6 to OYO Geospace Corporation 1997 Key Employee Stock Option Plan, approved by stockholders August 20, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2013).*

Exhibit Number		Description of Documents

10.12		Geospace Technologies Corporation 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on December 11, 2013).*

10.13		Form of Employee Restricted Stock Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form S-8 filed May 21, 2014).*

10.14		Form of Employee Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form S-8 filed May 21, 2014).*

10.15		Form of Employee Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Form S-8 filed May 21, 2014).*

10.16		Form of Performance Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 20, 2015).*

10.17		Form of Consultant Restricted Stock Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Form S-8 filed May 21, 2014).*

10.18		Form of Consultant Stock Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Form S-8 filed May 21, 2014).*

10.19		Form of Director Stock Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Form S-8 filed May 21, 2014).*

10.20		Form of Director Restricted Stock Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Form S-8 filed May 21, 2014).*

10.21		Form of Amended and Restated Indemnity Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 26, 2015).*

10.22		Geospace Technologies Corporation Fiscal Year 2017 Bonus Plan.**

10.23		Geospace Technologies Corporation Annual Bonus Program.**

10.24		First Amendment effective October 1, 2008 to Employment Agreement dated as of August 1, 1997, between the Company and Michael J. Sheen (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2009, filed February 5, 2010).*

10.25		Loan Agreement dated September 27, 2013 among Geospace Technologies Corporation, as borrower, certain subsidiaries of Geospace Technologies Corporation, as guarantors, and Frost Bank, as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 1, 2013).*

10.26		First Amendment to Loan Agreement effective September 27, 2013 among Geospace Technologies Corporation, as borrower, certain subsidiaries of Geospace Technologies Corporation, as guarantors, and Frost Bank, as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 18, 2013).*

10.27		Second Amendment to the Loan Agreement effective May 4, 2015 by and between Geospace Technologies Corporation as borrower, certain subsidiaries of Geospace Technologies Corporation, as guarantors, and Frost Bank, as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015, filed May 8, 2015).*

10.28		Third Amendment to the Loan Agreement effective May 9, 2017 by and between Geospace Technologies Corporation as borrower, certain subsidiaries of Geospace Technologies Corporation, as guarantors, and Frost Bank, as lender.**

10.29		Fourth Amendment to Loan Agreement dated October 25, 2017 among Geospace Technologies Corporation, as borrower, certain subsidiaries of Geospace Technologies Corporation, as guarantors, and Frost Bank, as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 27, 2017).*

Title of Each Class		Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock		The NASDAQ Global Market

Plan Category	Number of Securities to be Issued upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (a)		Weighted-average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (b)		Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column (a)) (c)
	(In shares)		(In dollars per share)		(In shares)
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders (1)		201,800	$	17.47		923,175
Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders		—		—		—
Total		201,800	$	17.47		923,175

Exhibit Number		Description of Documents


10.30		Revolving Promissory Note dated September 27, 2013 made by Geospace Technologies Corporation payable to Frost Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 1, 2013).*

10.31		Revolving Promissory Note effective May 4, 2015 by and between Geospace Technologies Corporation as borrower, certain subsidiaries of Geospace Technologies Corporation, as guarantors, and Frost Bank, as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015, filed May 8, 2015).*

10.32		Waiver and Consent Letter to Loan Agreement effective April 6, 2015 among Geospace Technologies Corporation as borrower, certain subsidiaries of Geospace Technologies Corporation, as guarantors, and Frost Bank, as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 7, 2015).*

21.1		Subsidiaries of the Registrant.**

23.1		Consent of BDO USA, LLP.**

31.1		Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**

31.2		Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**

32.1		Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**

32.2		Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**

101		Interactive data file.**

GEOSPACE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

By:	/s/ WALTER R. WHEELER
	Walter R. Wheeler, Director, President and Chief Executive Officer
	December 1, 2017

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		F-2

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017, 2016 (Restated), and 2015 (Restated)		F-5

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015		F-6

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015		F-7

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015		F-8

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended September 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015		F-9

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		F-10

Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts		F-33

		Years
Rental Equipment		2-5
Property, plant and equipment:
Machinery and equipment		3-15
Buildings and building improvements		10-50
Other		5-10

Balance at October 1, 2014	$	951
Accruals for warranties issued during the year		4,984
Settlements made (in cash or in kind) during the year		(3,609	)
Balance at September 30, 2015		2,326
Accruals for warranties issued during the year		595
Settlements made (in cash or in kind) during the year		(2,529	)
Balance at September 30, 2016		392
Accruals for warranties issued during the year		770
Settlements made (in cash or in kind) during the year		(654	)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	508

Derivative Instrument	Location	September 30, 2017		September 30, 2016		September 30, 2015
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts	Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	$	—	$	5	$	—
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts	Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	18
		$	—	$	5	$	18

		FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
Derivative Instrument	Location	2017			2016		2015
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts	Other Income (Expense)	$	(106	)	$	50	$	2,698
		$	(106	)	$	50	$	2,698

	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Total
Balance at October 1, 2014	$	(26	)	$	(2,470	)	$	(2,496	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		23			(10,472	)		(10,449	)
Balance at September 30, 2015		(3	)		(12,942	)		(12,945	)
Other comprehensive loss		(12	)		(2,984	)		(2,996	)
Balance at September 30, 2016		(15	)		(15,926	)		(15,941	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(43	)		1,754			1,711
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	(58	)	$	(14,172	)	$	(14,230	)

Balance at October 1, 2014	$	301
Change in prior year tax positions		(187	)
Current tax positions		17
Settlements with taxing authorities		—
Lapse of statute of limitations		(56	)
Balance at September 30, 2015		75
Change in prior year tax positions		(70	)
Current tax positions		—
Settlements with taxing authorities		—
Lapse of statute of limitations		(4	)
Balance at September 30, 2016		1
Change in prior year tax positions		(1	)
Current tax positions		—
Settlements with taxing authorities		—
Lapse of statute of limitations		—
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	—