10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

ý Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018.

or

o Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from  _______________ to _______________

Commission File No. 1-13998

Insperity, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	76-0479645
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
19001 Crescent Springs Drive
Kingwood, Texas	77339
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code):  (281) 358-8986

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes ý  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.  See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “non-accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ý	Accelerated filer o	Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company o	Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   

Yes o No ý

As of July 25, 2018, 41,923,815 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, were outstanding.

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
	Part I
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	17
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	28
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29
Part II
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	30
Item 1a.	Risk Factors	30
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	31
Item 6.	Exhibits	32

PART I

ITEM 1.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INSPERITY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands)

ASSETS

	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(Unaudited)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	308,711		$	354,260
Restricted cash	41,827			41,137
Marketable securities	7,207			1,960
Accounts receivable, net:
Trade	4,066			12,292
Unbilled	344,685			318,431
Other	3,003			3,258
Prepaid insurance	17,648			10,782
Other current assets	22,640			26,991
Income taxes receivable	—			9,824
Total current assets	749,787			778,935
Property and equipment:
Land	6,215			6,215
Buildings and improvements	98,332			95,615
Computer hardware and software	108,665			105,060
Software development costs	65,348			60,568
Furniture, fixtures and other	44,603			42,891
	323,163			310,349
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(224,135		)	(214,690		)
Total property and equipment, net	99,028			95,659
Other assets:
Prepaid health insurance	9,000			9,000
Deposits – health insurance	5,300			5,300
Deposits – workers’ compensation	165,150			154,215
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net	12,732			12,762
Deferred income taxes, net	4,538			4,283
Other assets	5,533			3,541
Total other assets	202,253			189,101
Total assets	$	1,051,068		$	1,063,695

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INSPERITY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Continued)

(in thousands)

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(Unaudited)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	4,123		$	6,447
Payroll taxes and other payroll deductions payable	213,432			303,247
Accrued worksite employee payroll cost	295,596			267,402
Accrued health insurance costs	24,127			26,075
Accrued workers’ compensation costs	45,376			42,974
Accrued corporate payroll and commissions	41,059			52,595
Other accrued liabilities	24,094			27,741
Income taxes payable	6,984			—
Total current liabilities	654,791			726,481
Noncurrent liabilities:
Accrued workers’ compensation costs	174,017			166,493
Long-term debt	104,400			104,400
Total noncurrent liabilities	278,417			270,893
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock	555			555
Additional paid-in capital	27,363			25,337
Treasury stock, at cost	(263,764		)	(256,363		)
Retained earnings	353,706			296,792
Total stockholders’ equity	117,860			66,321
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,051,068		$	1,063,695

See accompanying notes.

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INSPERITY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended   June 30,						Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenues (gross billings of $5.550 billion, $4.742 billion, $11.473 billion and $9.758 billion, less worksite employee payroll cost of $4.628 billion $3.947 billion, $9.537 billion, and $8.080 billion, respectively)	$	922,295		$	795,552		$	1,936,667		$	1,678,216
Direct costs:
Payroll taxes, benefits and workers’ compensation costs	767,751			664,999			1,582,403			1,388,317
Gross profit	154,544			130,553			354,264			289,899
Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages and payroll taxes	68,748			61,458			155,934			123,915
Stock-based compensation	5,752			5,303			8,887			9,806
Commissions	6,979			5,664			13,045			10,140
Advertising	6,585			6,175			10,150			10,147
General and administrative expenses	27,419			24,610			57,271			50,802
Depreciation and amortization	5,480			4,405			10,693			8,659
	120,963			107,615			255,980			213,469
Operating income	33,581			22,938			98,284			76,430
Other income (expense):
Interest income	1,807			678			3,263			1,143
Interest expense	(1,108		)	(803		)	(2,178		)	(1,426		)
Income before income tax expense	34,280			22,813			99,369			76,147
Income tax expense	9,720			8,795			24,818			26,501
Net income	$	24,560		$	14,018		$	74,551		$	49,646
Less distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	(346		)	(248		)	(1,064		)	(909		)
Net income allocated to common shares	$	24,214		$	13,770		$	73,487		$	48,737
Basic net income per share of common stock	$	0.59		$	0.33		$	1.78		$	1.18
Diluted net income per share of common stock	$	0.58		$	0.33		$	1.77		$	1.18

See accompanying notes.

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INSPERITY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2018

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock Issued			Additional Paid-In Capital			Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings and AOCI			Total
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2017	55,489	$	555	$	25,337		$	(256,363	)	$	296,792		$	66,321
Purchase of treasury stock, at cost	—	—		—			(16,227		)	—			(16,227		)
Issuance of long-term incentive awards and dividend equivalents	—	—		(5,764		)	6,619			(855		)	—
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		7,005			1,882			—			8,887
Other	—	—		785			325			—			1,110
Dividends paid	—	—		—			—			(16,786		)	(16,786		)
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax	—	—		—			—			4			4
Net income	—	—		—			—			74,551			74,551
Balance at June 30, 2018	55,489	$	555	$	27,363		$	(263,764	)	$	353,706		$	117,860

See accompanying notes.

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INSPERITY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018			2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	74,551		$	49,646
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	10,693			8,659
Stock-based compensation	8,887			9,806
Deferred income taxes	(255		)	8,465
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(17,773		)	8,715
Prepaid insurance	(6,866		)	(12,029		)
Other current assets	4,351			1,533
Other assets	(1,957		)	(2,375		)
Accounts payable	(2,324		)	(1,057		)
Payroll taxes and other payroll deductions payable	(89,815		)	(57,826		)
Accrued worksite employee payroll expense	28,194			13,342
Accrued health insurance costs	(1,948		)	219
Accrued workers’ compensation costs	9,926			12,832
Accrued corporate payroll, commissions and other accrued liabilities	(15,183		)	(11,974		)
Income taxes payable/receivable	16,808			(1,929		)
Total adjustments	(57,262		)	(23,619		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	17,289			26,027
Cash flows from investing activities:
Marketable securities:
Purchases	(11,849		)	(919		)
Proceeds from dispositions	5,439			—
Proceeds from maturities	1,125			805
Property and equipment:
Purchases	(14,025		)	(20,802		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(19,310		)	(20,916		)

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INSPERITY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018			2017
Cash flows from financing activities:
Purchase of treasury stock	$	(16,227	)	$	(25,528	)
Dividends paid	(16,786		)	(11,579		)
Other	1,110			830
Net cash used in financing activities	(31,903		)	(36,277		)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(33,924		)	(31,166		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash beginning of period	549,612			472,609
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash end of period	$	515,688		$	441,443

Supplemental schedule of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	354,260	$	286,034
Restricted cash	41,137		42,637
Deposits – workers’ compensation	154,215		143,938
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash beginning of period	$	549,612	$	472,609
Cash and cash equivalents	$	308,711	$	241,890
Restricted cash	41,827		41,703
Deposits – workers’ compensation	165,150		157,850
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash end of period	$	515,688	$	441,443

See accompanying notes.

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INSPERITY, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2018

(Unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation

Insperity, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Insperity,” “we,” “our,” and “us”), provides an array of human resources (“HR”) and business solutions designed to help improve business performance. Our most comprehensive HR services offerings are provided through our professional employer organization (“PEO”) services, known as Workforce Optimization^® and Workforce Synchronization^TM solutions (together, our “PEO HR Outsourcing solutions”), which encompass a broad range of HR functions, including payroll and employment administration, employee benefits, workers’ compensation, government compliance, performance management, and training and development services, along with our cloud-based human capital management solution, the Insperity Premier^TM platform.

In addition to our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions, we offer a number of other business performance solutions, including Human Capital Management, Payroll Services, Time and Attendance, Performance Management, Organizational Planning, Recruiting Services, Employment Screening, Expense Management Services, Retirement Services and Insurance Services, many of which are offered as a cloud-based software solution. These other products and services are offered separately, along with our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions or as a bundle, such as our Workforce Administration^TMsolution that provides a comprehensive human capital management and payroll services solution.

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Insperity and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements at and for the year ended December 31, 2017. Our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information or footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Our Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2018 and our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and our Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the six month period ended June 30, 2018, have been prepared by us without audit. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows, have been made. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2018 presentation.

The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for a full year or of future operations.

2. Accounting Policies

Health Insurance Costs

We provide group health insurance coverage to our worksite employees in our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions through a national network of carriers, including UnitedHealthcare (“United”), UnitedHealthcare of California, Kaiser Permanente, Blue Shield of California, HMSA BlueCross BlueShield of Hawaii, and Tufts, all of which provide fully insured policies or service contracts.

The policy with United provides the majority of our health insurance coverage. As a result of certain contractual terms, we have accounted for this plan since its inception using a partially self-funded insurance accounting model. Accordingly, we record the costs of the United plan, including an estimate of the incurred claims, taxes and administrative fees (collectively the “Plan Costs”) as benefits expense, a component of direct costs, in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The estimated incurred claims are based upon: (i) the level of claims processed during the quarter; (ii) estimated completion

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rates based upon recent claim development patterns under the plan; and (iii) the number of participants in the plan, including both active and COBRA enrollees. Each reporting period, changes in the estimated ultimate costs resulting from claim trends, plan design and migration, participant demographics and other factors are incorporated into the benefits costs.

Additionally, since the plan’s inception, under the terms of the contract, United establishes cash funding rates 90 days in advance of the beginning of a reporting quarter. If the Plan Costs for a reporting quarter are greater than the premiums paid and owed to United, a deficit in the plan would be incurred and a liability for the excess costs would be accrued in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. On the other hand, if the Plan Costs for the reporting quarter are less than the premiums paid and owed to United, a surplus in the plan would be incurred and we would record an asset for the excess premiums in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The terms of the arrangement require us to maintain an accumulated cash surplus in the plan of $9.0 million, which is reported as long-term prepaid insurance. In addition, United requires a deposit equal to approximately one day of claims funding activity, which was $5.1 million as of June 30, 2018, and is reported as a long-term asset. As of June 30, 2018, Plan Costs were less than the net premiums paid and owed to United by $12.3 million. As this amount is in excess of the agreed-upon $9.0 million surplus maintenance level, the $3.3 million difference is included in prepaid health insurance, a current asset, in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The premiums, including the additional quarterly premiums, owed to United at June 30, 2018 were $19.0 million, which is included in accrued health insurance costs, a current liability in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our benefits costs incurred in the first six months of 2018 included a decrease of $1.9 million for changes in estimated run-off related to prior periods.

Workers’ Compensation Costs

Our workers’ compensation coverage for our worksite employees in our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions has been provided through an arrangement with the Chubb Group of Insurance Companies or its predecessors (the “Chubb Program”) since 2007. The Chubb Program is fully insured in that Chubb has the responsibility to pay all claims incurred under the policy regardless of whether we satisfy our responsibilities. Under the Chubb Program, we have financial responsibility to Chubb for the first $1 million layer of claims per occurrence and, for claims over $1 million, up to a maximum aggregate amount of $5 million per policy year for claims that exceed $1 million. Chubb bears the financial responsibility for all claims in excess of these levels.

Because we bear the financial responsibility for claims up to the levels noted above, such claims, which are the primary component of our workers’ compensation costs, are recorded in the period incurred. Workers’ compensation insurance includes ongoing health care and indemnity coverage whereby claims are paid over numerous years following the date of injury. Accordingly, the accrual of related incurred costs in each reporting period includes estimates, which take into account the ongoing development of claims and therefore requires a significant level of judgment.

We utilize a third party actuary to estimate our loss development rate, which is primarily based upon the nature of worksite employees’ job responsibilities, the location of worksite employees, the historical frequency and severity of workers’ compensation claims, and an estimate of future cost trends. Each reporting period, changes in the actuarial assumptions resulting from changes in actual claims experience and other trends are incorporated into our workers’ compensation claims cost estimates. During the six months ended June 30,2018 and 2017, we reduced accrued workers’ compensation costs by $10.9 million and $8.0 million, respectively, for changes in estimated losses related to prior reporting periods. Workers’ compensation cost estimates are discounted to present value at a rate based upon the U.S. Treasury rates that correspond with the weighted average estimated claim payout period (the average discount rate utilized in the 2018 period was 2.5% and in the 2017 period was 1.5%) and are accreted over the estimated claim payment period and included as a component of direct costs in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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The following table provides the activity and balances related to incurred but not paid workers’ compensation claims:

	Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018			2017
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance, January 1,	$	207,630		$	183,928
Accrued claims	33,260			34,242
Present value discount	(3,360		)	(2,008		)
Paid claims	(21,686		)	(20,044		)
Ending balance	$	215,844		$	196,118
Current portion of accrued claims	$	41,827		$	41,703
Long-term portion of accrued claims	174,017			154,415
	$	215,844		$	196,118

The current portion of accrued workers’ compensation costs on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2018 includes $3.5 million of workers’ compensation administrative fees.

As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, the undiscounted accrued workers’ compensation costs were $230.4 million and $207.2 million, respectively.

At the beginning of each policy period, the workers’ compensation insurance carrier establishes monthly funding requirements comprised of premium costs and funds to be set aside for payment of future claims (“claim funds”). The level of claim funds is primarily based upon anticipated worksite employee payroll levels and expected workers’ compensation loss rates, as determined by the insurance carrier. Monies funded into the program for incurred claims expected to be paid within one year are recorded as restricted cash, a short-term asset, while the remainder of claim funds are included in deposits – workers’ compensation, a long-term asset in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 30, 2018, we had restricted cash of $41.8 million and deposits – workers’ compensation of $165.2 million.

Our estimate of incurred claim costs expected to be paid within one year is included in short-term liabilities, while our estimate of incurred claim costs expected to be paid beyond one year is included in long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) using the modified retrospective approach. Under this method, the guidance is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements. ASU No. 2014-09 outlines a single comprehensive revenue recognition model for revenue arising from contracts with customers and superseded most of the previous revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. Under ASU No. 2014-09, an entity recognizes revenue for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration for which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Our revenue recognition policies remained substantially unchanged as a result of adoption ASU No. 2014-09 and we did not have any significant changes in our business processes or systems.    

We enter into contracts with our customers for human resources services based on a stated rate and price in the contract. Our contracts generally have a term of 12 months, but are cancellable at any time by either party with 30-days’ notice. Our performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered each month. The term between invoicing and when our performance obligations are satisfied is not significant. Payment terms are typically due concurrently with the invoicing of our PEO services. We do not have significant financing components or significant payment terms.

Our revenue is generally recognized ratably over the payroll period as worksite employees perform their service at the client worksite. Customers are invoiced concurrently with each periodic payroll of its worksite employees. Revenues that have been recognized but not invoiced are included in unbilled accounts receivable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Pursuant to the “practical expedients” provided under ASU No 2014-09, we expense sales commissions when incurred because the terms of our contracts are cancellable by either party with a 30-day notice. These costs are recorded in commissions in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.  

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geography:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,				Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(in thousands)
Northeast	$	239,278	$	204,285	$	511,642	$	440,385
Southeast	108,264		92,049		223,452		190,855
Central	153,025		131,099		321,092		273,876
Southwest	213,920		185,094		446,785		389,201
West	194,986		170,452		407,605		357,896
Other revenue(1)	12,822		12,573		26,091		26,003
Total revenue	$	922,295	$	795,552	$	1,936,667	$	1,678,216

_____________________________

⁽¹⁾ Comprised primarily of revenues generated by our other products and services offerings.

In November 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Restricted Cash, clarifying the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this ASU require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning period and ending period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. As a result of our adoption of the new guidance, in the first quarter of 2018, our beginning and ending cash balances on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows now include restricted cash and long-term workers compensation deposits and prior period balances were retrospectively adjusted. Restricted cash and long-term workers compensation deposits are cash deposits funded to secure future claim payments under our workers compensation program and are considered restricted under Topic 230.

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraph Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SEC Update) (“ASU 2018-05”), ASU 2018-05 adds the SEC guidance released on December 22, 2017 regarding the U.S. tax reform to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. At March 31, 2018, we have not made a material adjustment to the provisional tax provision recorded under ASU 2018-05 at December 31, 2017. In addition, we have considered the impact of the statutory changes from the Act in our estimated tax rate for 2018, including reasonable estimates of those provisions effective for the 2018 tax year.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. The new standard requires recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities for leases previously classified as operating leases. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently reviewing the guidance and assessing the impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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3. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The following table summarizes our cash and investments in cash equivalents and marketable securities held by investment managers and overnight investments:

	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(in thousands)
Overnight holdings
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	$	282,337		$	338,112
Investment holdings
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	17,354			22,634
Marketable securities	7,207			1,960
	306,898			362,706
Cash held in demand accounts	25,053			26,700
Outstanding checks	(16,033		)	(33,186		)
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	315,918		$	356,220
Cash and cash equivalents	$	308,711		$	354,260
Marketable securities	7,207			1,960
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	315,918		$	356,220

Our cash and overnight holdings fluctuate based on the timing of clients’ payroll processing cycles. Included in the cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are $191.9 million and $271.5 million, respectively, of funds associated with federal and state income tax withholdings, employment taxes and other payroll deductions, as well as $14.0 million and $23.6 million in client prepayments, respectively.

4. Fair Value Measurements

We account for our financial assets in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 820, Fair Value Measurement. This standard defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The fair value measurement disclosures are grouped into three levels based on valuation factors:

• Level 1 - quoted prices in active markets using identical assets

• Level 2 - significant other observable inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other observable inputs

• Level 3 - significant unobservable inputs

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Fair Value of Instruments Measured and Recognized at Fair Value

The following tables summarize the levels of fair value measurements of our financial assets:

	Fair Value Measurements
	(in thousands)
	June 30, 2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Money market funds	$	299,691	$	299,691	$	—	$	—
Municipal bonds	7,207		—		7,207		—
Total	$	306,898	$	299,691	$	7,207	$	—

	Fair Value Measurements
	(in thousands)
	December 31, 2017		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Money market funds	$	360,746	$	360,746	$	—	$	—
Municipal bonds	1,960		—		1,960		—
Total	$	362,706	$	360,746	$	1,960	$	—

The municipal bond securities valued as Level 2 investments are primarily pre-refunded municipal bonds that are secured by escrow funds containing U.S. government securities. Our valuation techniques used to measure fair value for these securities during the period consisted primarily of third party pricing services that utilized actual market data such as trades of comparable bond issues, broker/dealer quotations for the same or similar investments in active markets and other observable inputs.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, deposits and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

As of June 30, 2018, the carrying value of our borrowings under our revolving credit facility approximates fair value and was classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Please read Note 5, “Long-Term Debt,” for additional information.

5. Long-Term Debt

We have a revolving credit facility (the “Facility”) with borrowing capacity up to $350 million. The Facility may be increased to $400 million based on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the agreement relating to the Facility (the “Credit Agreement”). The Facility is available for working capital and general corporate purposes, including acquisitions, stock repurchases and issuances of letters of credit. Our obligations under the Facility are secured by 65% of the stock of our captive insurance subsidiary and are guaranteed by all of our domestic subsidiaries. At June 30, 2018, our outstanding balance on the Facility was $104.4 million, and we had an outstanding $1.0 million letter of credit issued under the Facility, providing us with an available borrowing capacity of $244.6 million.

The Facility matures on February 6, 2023. Borrowings under the Facility bear interest at an alternate base rate or LIBOR, at our option, plus an applicable margin. Depending on our leverage ratio, the applicable margin varies (i) in the case of LIBOR loans, from 1.50% to 2.25% and (ii) in the case of alternate base rate loans, from 0.00% to 0.50%. The alternate base rate is the highest of (i) the prime rate most recently published in The Wall Street Journal, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (iii) the 30-day LIBOR rate plus 2.00%. We also pay an unused commitment fee on the average daily unused portion of the Facility at a rate of 0.25%. The interest rate at June 30, 2018 was 3.59%. Interest expense and unused commitment fees are recorded in other income (expense).

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The Facility contains both affirmative and negative covenants that we believe are customary for arrangements of this nature. Covenants include, but are not limited to, limitations on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, sell material assets, retire, redeem or otherwise reacquire our capital stock, acquire the capital stock or assets of another business, make investments and pay dividends. In addition, the Credit Agreement requires us to comply with financial covenants limiting our total funded debt, minimum interest coverage ratio and maximum leverage ratio. We were in compliance with all financial covenants under the Credit Agreement at June 30, 2018.

6. Stockholders' Equity

During the first six months of 2018, we repurchased or withheld an aggregate of 211,876 shares of our common stock, as described below.

Two-for-One Stock Split

On December 18, 2017, we effected a two-for-one stock split in the form 100% stock dividend.

Repurchase Program

Our Board of Directors (the “Board”) has authorized a program to repurchase shares of our outstanding common stock (“Repurchase Program”). The purchases are to be made from time to time in the open market or directly from stockholders at prevailing market prices based on market conditions and other factors. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, 80,000 shares were repurchased under the Repurchase Program. As of June 30, 2018, we were authorized to repurchase an additional 2,597,564 shares under the Repurchase Program.

Withheld Shares

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we withheld 131,876 shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations for the vesting of long-term incentive and restricted stock awards.

Dividends

The Board declared quarterly dividends as follows:

	2018		2017
	(amounts per share)
First quarter	$	0.20	$	0.125
Second quarter	0.20		0.150

 During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, we paid dividends totaling $16.8 million and $11.6 million, respectively.

7. Net Income Per Share

We utilize the two-class method to compute net income per share. The two-class method allocates a portion of net income to participating securities, which includes unvested awards of share-based payments with non-forfeitable rights to receive dividends. Net income allocated to unvested share-based payments is excluded from net income allocated to common shares. Any undistributed losses resulting from dividends exceeding net income are not allocated to participating securities. Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income allocated to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income allocated to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options.

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The following table summarizes the net income allocated to common shares and the basic and diluted shares used in the net income per share computations:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,						Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	24,560		$	14,018		$	74,551		$	49,646
Less distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	(346		)	(248		)	(1,064		)	(909		)
Net income allocated to common shares	$	24,214		$	13,770		$	73,487		$	48,737
Weighted average common shares outstanding	41,377			41,258			41,301			41,194
Incremental shares from assumed LTIP awards and conversions of common stock options	156			217			324			210
Adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding	41,533			41,475			41,625			41,404

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Worksite Employee 401(k) Retirement Plan Class Action Litigation

In December 2015, a class action lawsuit was filed against us and the third-party discretionary trustee of the Insperity 401(k) retirement plan that is available to eligible worksite employees (the “Plan”) in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division, on behalf of Plan participants. The suit generally alleges that Insperity’s third-party discretionary trustee of the Plan and Insperity breached their fiduciary duties to plan participants by selecting an Insperity subsidiary to serve as the recordkeeper for the Plan, by causing participants in the Plan to pay excessive recordkeeping fees to the Insperity subsidiary, by failing to monitor other fiduciaries, and by making imprudent investment choices. The parties filed a stipulation concerning class certification that defined the class as “all participants and beneficiaries of the Insperity 401(k) Plan from December 22, 2009 through September 30, 2017.” In November 2017, the court approved the class certification stipulation and denied the plaintiffs’ request for a jury trial. Discovery is complete. On June 8, 2018, we filed a motion for summary judgment seeking dismissal of all claims. Briefing on that motion is scheduled to be complete in September 2018. A date for the bench trial has not yet been set. We believe we have meritorious defenses, and we intend to vigorously defend this litigation. As a result of uncertainty regarding the outcome of this matter, no provision has been made in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Other Litigation

We are a defendant in various other lawsuits and claims arising in the normal course of business. Management believes it has valid defenses in these cases and is defending them vigorously. While the results of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes the final outcome of such litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

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ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as well as our Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Please read Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Accounting Policies – New Accounting Pronouncements," for new accounting pronouncements information.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017.

The following table presents certain information related to our results of operations:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,
	2018		2017			% Change
	(in thousands, except per share and statistical data)
Revenues (gross billings of $5.550 billion and $4.742 billion, less worksite employee payroll cost of $4.628 billion and $3.947 billion, respectively)	$	922,295	$	795,552		15.9	%
Gross profit	154,544		130,553			18.4	%
Operating expenses	120,963		107,615			12.4	%
Operating income	33,581		22,938			46.4	%
Other income (expense)	699		(125		)	—	%
Net income	24,560		14,018			75.2	%
Diluted net income per share of common stock(1)	0.58		0.33			75.8	%
Adjusted net income(2)	28,681		17,277			66.0	%
Adjusted diluted net income per share of common stock(2)	0.68		0.41			65.9	%
Adjusted EBITDA(2)	46,620		33,324			39.9	%
Statistical Data:
Average number of worksite employees paid per month	203,950		180,276			13.1	%
Revenues per worksite employee per month(3)	$	1,507	$	1,471		2.4	%
Gross profit per worksite employee per month	253		241			5.0	%
Operating expenses per worksite employee per month	198		199			(0.5	)%
Operating income per worksite employee per month	55		42			31.0	%
Net income per worksite employee per month	40		26			53.8	%

 ____________________________________

⁽¹⁾  Amounts in 2017 adjusted to reflect the two-for-one split of our common stock effected on December 18, 2017 in the form of a stock dividend.

⁽²⁾  Please read “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

⁽³⁾  Gross billings of $9,071 and $8,767 per worksite employee per month, less payroll cost of $7,564 and $7,296 per worksite employee per month, respectively.

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Revenues

Our revenues for the second quarter of 2018increased15.9% over the 2017 period, primarily due to a 13.1%increase in the average number of worksite employees paid per month, and a 2.4%, or $36, increase in revenues per worksite employee per month.

Our growth in the number of worksite employees paid is affected by three primary sources: new client sales, client retention and the net change in existing clients through worksite employee new hires and layoffs. During the second quarter of 2018, the number of worksite employees paid from new client sales and the net change in existing clients improved as compared to the second quarter of 2017, while client retention remained consistent with the second quarter of 2017.

We provide our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions to small and medium-sized businesses in strategically selected markets throughout the United States. Our revenue by region for our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions for the quarters ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,						Three Months Ended   June 30,
	2018		2017		% Change		2018		2017
	(in thousands)						(% of total revenue)
Northeast	$	239,278	$	204,285	17.1	%	26.3	%	26.1	%
Southeast	108,264		92,049		17.6	%	11.9	%	11.8	%
Central	153,025		131,099		16.7	%	16.8	%	16.7	%
Southwest	213,920		185,094		15.6	%	23.5	%	23.6	%
West	194,986		170,452		14.4	%	21.5	%	21.8	%
	909,473		782,979		16.2	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Other revenue(1)	12,822		12,573		2.0	%
Total revenue	$	922,295	$	795,552	15.9	%

_____________________________

⁽¹⁾ Comprised primarily of revenues generated by our other products and services offerings.

The percentage of total PEO HR Outsourcing solutions revenues in our significant markets include the following:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017
Texas	21.5	%	21.8	%
California	16.6	%	17.0	%
New York	9.8	%	9.5	%
Other	52.1	%	51.7	%
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the second quarter of 2018increased$24.0 million, or 18.4% over the second quarter of 2017 to $154.5 million. The net increase in the change in cost estimates for benefits and workers compensation between the 2018 period and the 2017 period totaled $4.3 million as discussed below. The average gross profit per worksite employee increased5.0% to $253 per month in the 2018 period from $241 per month in the 2017 period.

Our pricing objectives attempt to achieve a level of revenue per worksite employee that matches or exceeds changes in primary direct costs and operating expenses. Our revenues per worksite employee per month during the second quarter of 2018increased2.4% as a result of pricing increases compared to the second quarter of 2017. Our direct costs, which primarily

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include payroll taxes, benefits and workers’ compensation expenses, increased2.0% to $1,254 per worksite employee per month in the second quarter of 2018 compared to $1,230 in the second quarter of 2017. The primary direct cost components changed as follows:

• Benefits costs – The cost of group health insurance and related employee benefits increased$17 per worksite employee per month, or 2.8% on a cost per covered employee basis, compared to the second quarter of 2017. Included in the second quarter of 2018 benefits costs is a charge of $6.8 million, or $11 per worksite employee per month, for changes in estimated claims run-off related to prior periods. Included in the second quarter of 2017 benefits costs is a reduction of $1.2 million, or $2 per worksite employee per month, for changes in estimated claims run-off related to prior periods. The percentage of worksite employees covered under our health insurance plans was 68.6% in the 2018 period compared to 68.8% in the 2017 period. Please read Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Accounting Policies – Health Insurance Costs,” for a discussion of our accounting for health insurance costs.

• Workers’ compensation costs – Workers’ compensation costs decreased3.0%, or $6 on a per worksite employee per month basis, compared to the second quarter of 2017. In the second quarter of 2018, as a result of closing out claims at lower than expected costs, we recorded reductions in workers’ compensation costs of $6.2 million, or 0.14% of non-bonus payroll costs, for changes in estimated losses related to prior reporting periods as compared to a $2.5 million reduction to workers’ compensation costs in 2017. Our continued discipline around our client selection, safety and claims management contributed to the reduction in our cost per worksite employee and, as a result, has allowed for claims within our policy periods to be closed out at amounts below our original cost estimates. As a percentage of non-bonus payroll cost, workers’ compensation costs were 0.48% in the 2018 period compared to 0.58% in the 2017 period. Please read Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Accounting Policies – Workers’ Compensation Costs,” for a discussion of our accounting for workers’ compensation costs.

• Payroll tax costs – Payroll taxes increased16.2% due primarily to a 17.3%increase in payroll costs, or $14 per worksite employee per month, compared to the second quarter of 2017. Payroll taxes as a percentage of payroll costs were 6.9% in 2018 and 7.0% in 2017.

Operating Expenses

The following table presents certain information related to our operating expenses:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,						Three Months Ended   June 30,
	2018		2017		% Change		2018		2017		% Change
	(in thousands)						(per worksite employee per month)
Salaries, wages and payroll taxes	$	68,748	$	61,458	11.9	%	$	112	$	114	(1.8	)%
Stock-based compensation	5,752		5,303		8.5	%	10		10		—
Commissions	6,979		5,664		23.2	%	11		10		10.0	%
Advertising	6,585		6,175		6.6	%	11		11		—
General and administrative expenses	27,419		24,610		11.4	%	45		46		(2.2	)%
Depreciation and amortization	5,480		4,405		24.4	%	9		8		12.5	%
Total operating expenses	$	120,963	$	107,615	12.4	%	$	198	$	199	(0.5	)%

Operating expenses increased12.4% to $121.0 million compared to $107.6 million in the second quarter of 2017. Operating expenses per worksite employee per month decreased to $198 in the 2018 period from $199 in the 2017 period. The components of operating expenses changed as follows:

• Salaries, wages and payroll taxes of corporate and sales staff increased$7.3 million or 11.9%, but decreased $2 on a per worksite employee per month basis, compared to the 2017 period. This increase was primarily due to an 11.2%increase in corporate headcount, which includes a 19.4% increase in the number of Business Performance Advisors.

• Stock-based compensation increased$0.4 million or 8.5%, but remained flat on a per worksite employee per month basis, compared to the 2017 period.

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• Commissions expense increased$1.3 million or 23.2%, or $1 per worksite employee per month, compared to the 2017 period, primarily due to commissions associated with growth in our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions worksite employees, including an increase in the amount of sales channel referral fees paid during 2018.

• General and administrative expenses increased$2.8 million or 11.4%, but decreased $1 on a per worksite employee per month basis, compared to the 2017 period. The increase was primarily due to increased travel and training expenses associated with the increase in Business Performance Advisors and professional services.

Income Tax Expense

Our effective income tax rate was 28.4% in the 2018 period compared to 38.6% in the 2017 period. As a result of U.S. tax reform enacted in 2017, the U.S. statutory rate decreased from 35% to 21%. Our provision for income taxes differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to state income taxes and non-deductible expenses.

Operating and Net Income

Operating and net income per worksite employee per month was $55 and $40 in the 2018 period, respectively, versus $42 and $26 in the 2017 period, respectively.

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Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017.

The following table presents certain information related to our results of operations:

	Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018		2017			% Change
	(in thousands, except per share and statistical data)
Revenues (gross billings of $11.473 billion and $9.758 billion, less worksite employee payroll cost of $9.537 billion and $8.080 billion, respectively)	$	1,936,667	$	1,678,216		15.4	%
Gross profit	354,264		289,899			22.2	%
Operating expenses	255,980		213,469			19.9	%
Operating income	98,284		76,430			28.6	%
Other income (expense)	1,085		(283		)	—	%
Net income	74,551		49,646			50.2	%
Diluted net income per share of common stock(1)	1.77		1.18			50.0	%
Adjusted net income(2)	88,227		55,913			57.8	%
Adjusted diluted net income per share of common stock(2)	2.09		1.33			57.1	%
Adjusted EBITDA(2)	130,433		96,038			35.8	%
Statistical Data:
Average number of worksite employees paid per month	199,816		177,315			12.7	%
Revenues per worksite employee per month(3)	$	1,615	$	1,577		2.4	%
Gross profit per worksite employee per month	295		272			8.5	%
Operating expenses per worksite employee per month	214		201			6.5	%
Operating income per worksite employee per month	82		72			13.9	%
Net income per worksite employee per month	62		47			31.9	%

 ____________________________________

⁽¹⁾  Amounts in 2017 adjusted to reflect the two-for-one split of our common stock effected on December 18, 2017 in the form of a stock dividend.

⁽²⁾  Please read “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

⁽³⁾  Gross billings of $9,570 and $9,171 per worksite employee per month, less payroll cost of $7,955 and $7,594 per worksite employee per month, respectively.

Revenues

Our revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2018increased15.4% over the 2017 period, primarily due to a 12.7%increase in the average number of worksite employees paid per month and a 2.4%, or $38, increase in revenues per worksite employee per month.

Our growth in the number of worksite employees paid is affected by three primary sources: new client sales, client retention and the net change in existing clients through worksite employee new hires and layoffs. During the first six months of 2018, the number of worksite employees paid from new client sales and the net change in existing clients improved as compared to the first six months of 2017, while client retention remained consistent with the first six months of 2017.

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We provide our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions to small and medium-sized businesses in strategically selected markets throughout the United States. Our revenue by region for our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:

	Six Months Ended   June 30,						Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018		2017		% Change		2018		2017
	(in thousands)						(% of total revenue)
Northeast	$	511,642	$	440,385	16.2	%	26.8	%	26.7	%
Southeast	223,452		190,855		17.1	%	11.7	%	11.6	%
Central	321,092		273,876		17.2	%	16.8	%	16.6	%
Southwest	446,785		389,201		14.8	%	23.4	%	23.6	%
West	407,605		357,896		13.9	%	21.3	%	21.5	%
	1,910,576		1,652,213		15.6	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Other revenue(1)	26,091		26,003		0.3	%
Total revenue	$	1,936,667	$	1,678,216	15.4	%

______________________________

⁽¹⁾ Comprised primarily of revenues generated by our other products and services offerings.

The percentage of total PEO HR Outsourcing solutions revenues in our significant markets include the following:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017
Texas	21.5	%	21.8	%
California	16.6	%	17.0	%
New York	10.2	%	9.9	%
Other	51.7	%	51.3	%
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the first six months of 2018increased$64.4 million, or 22.2% over the first six months of 2017 to $354.3 million. The net decrease in the change in cost estimates for benefits and workers compensation between the 2018 period and the 2017 period totaled $5.3 million as discussed below. The average gross profit per worksite employee increased8.5% to $295 per month in the 2018 period from $272 per month in the 2017 period.

Our pricing objectives attempt to achieve a level of revenue per worksite employee that matches or exceeds changes in primary direct costs and operating expenses. Our revenues per worksite employee per month during the first six months of 2018increased2.4% as a result of pricing increases compared to the first six months of 2017. Our direct costs, which primarily include payroll taxes, benefits and workers’ compensation expenses, increased1.1% to $1,320 per worksite employee per month in the first six months of 2018 compared to $1,305 in the first six months of 2017. The primary direct cost components changed as follows:

• Benefits costs – The cost of group health insurance and related employee benefits increased$5 per worksite employee per month, or 0.7% on a cost per covered employee basis, compared to the first six months of 2017. Included in 2018 benefits costs is a reduction of $1.9 million, or $2 per worksite employee per month for changes in estimated claims run-off related to prior periods. Benefits costs incurred in the first six months of 2017 reflect an increase in estimated claims run-off related to prior periods of $0.5 million. The percentage of worksite employees covered under our health insurance plans was 69.1% in both the 2018 and 2017 periods. Please read Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Accounting Policies – Health Insurance Costs,” for a discussion of our accounting for health insurance costs.

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• Workers’ compensation costs – Workers’ compensation costs decreased0.6%, or $5 per worksite employee per month, compared to the first six months of 2017. In the first six months of 2018, we recorded reductions in workers’ compensation costs of $10.9 million, or 0.13% of non-bonus payroll costs, for changes in estimated losses related to prior reporting periods. In the first six months of 2017, we recorded reductions in workers’ compensation costs of $8.0 million, or 0.11% of non-bonus payroll costs, for changes in estimated losses related to prior reporting periods. Our continued discipline around our client selection, safety and claims management contributed to the reduction in our cost per worksite employee and, as a result, has allowed for claims within our policy periods to be closed out at amounts below our original cost estimates. As a percentage of non-bonus payroll cost, workers’ compensation costs were 0.49% in the 2018 period compared to 0.57% in the 2017 period. Please read Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Accounting Policies – Workers’ Compensation Costs,” for a discussion of our accounting for workers’ compensation costs.

• Payroll tax costs – Payroll taxes increased15.5% due primarily to an 18.0%increase in payroll costs, or $15 per worksite employee per month, compared to the first six months of 2017. Payroll taxes as a percentage of payroll costs were 7.6% in 2018 and 7.8% in 2017.  

Operating Expenses

The following table presents certain information related to our operating expenses:

	Six Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017		% Change		2018		2017		% Change
	(in thousands)						(per worksite employee per month)
Salaries, wages and payroll taxes	$	155,934	$	123,915	25.8	%	$	130	$	116	12.1	%
Stock-based compensation	8,887		9,806		(9.4	)%	7		9		(22.2	)%
Commissions	13,045		10,140		28.6	%	11		10		10.0	%
Advertising	10,150		10,147		—		9		10		(10.0	)%
General and administrative expenses	57,271		50,802		12.7	%	48		48		—
Depreciation and amortization	10,693		8,659		23.5	%	9		8		12.5	%
Total operating expenses	$	255,980	$	213,469	19.9	%	$	214	$	201	6.5	%

Operating expenses increased19.9% to $256.0 million in the first six months of 2018 compared to $213.5 million in the first six months of 2017. Operating expenses per worksite employee per month increased to $214 in the 2018 period from $201 in the 2017 period. Adjusted operating expenses increased15.6% to $246.7 million in the 2018 period from $213.5 million in the 2017 period. Please read “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for additional information. The components of operating expenses changed as follows:

• Salaries, wages and payroll taxes of corporate and sales staff increased$32.0 million or 25.8%, or $14 per worksite employee per month, compared to the 2017 period. This increase was primarily due to a $9.3 million charge related to a one-time tax reform bonus paid to corporate employees, a 10.6% increase in corporate headcount, which includes a 17.4% increase in the number of Business Performance Advisors, and additional incentive compensation expense as a result of strong operating results.

• Stock-based compensation decreased$0.9 million or 9.4%, or $2 per worksite employee per month, compared to the 2017 period. This decrease was primarily due to the acceleration of restricted stock awards and associated expense in the fourth quarter of 2017 that were originally scheduled to vest in the first quarter of 2018.

• Commissions expense increased$2.9 million or 28.6%, or $1 per worksite employee per month, compared to the 2017 period, primarily due to commissions associated with growth in our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions, including an increase in the amount of sales channel referral fees paid during 2018.

• General and administrative expenses increased$6.5 million or 12.7%, but remained flat on a per worksite employee per month basis, compared to the 2017 period. The increase was primarily due to increased travel and training expenses associated with the increase in Business Performance Advisors.

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• Depreciation and amortization expense increased$2.0 million or 23.5%, or $1 on a per worksite employee per month basis, compared to the 2017 period.

Income Tax Expense

Our effective income tax rate was 25.0% in the 2018 period compared to 34.8% in the 2017 period. As a result of U.S. tax reform enacted in 2017, the U.S. statutory rate decreased from 35% to 21%. Our provision for income taxes differed from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to state income taxes and non-deductible expenses and vesting of long-term incentive and restricted stock awards. During the first six months of 2018 and 2017, we recognized an income tax benefit of $3.7 million and $3.3 million, respectively, related to the vesting of long-term incentive and restricted stock awards.

Operating and Net Income

Operating and net income per worksite employee per month was $82 and $62 in the 2018 period, respectively, compared to $72 and $47 in the 2017 period, respectively.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures used to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures as provided in the tables below.

Non-bonus payroll cost is a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes the impact of bonus payrolls paid to our worksite employees. Bonus payroll cost varies from period to period, but has no direct impact to our ultimate workers’ compensation costs under the current program. As a result, our management refers to non-bonus payroll cost in analyzing, reporting and forecasting our workers’ compensation costs. We include these non-GAAP financial measures because we believe they are useful to investors in allowing for greater transparency related to the costs incurred under our current workers’ compensation program.

Following is a GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation of non-bonus payroll costs:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,						Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018		2017		% Change		2018		2017		% Change
	(in thousands, except per worksite employee per month data)
GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation:
Payroll cost (GAAP)	$	4,628,047	$	3,946,005	17.3	%	$	9,537,032	$	8,078,997	18.0	%
Less: Bonus payroll cost	372,225		306,340		21.5	%	1,203,086		921,598		30.5	%
Non-bonus payroll cost	$	4,255,822	$	3,639,665	16.9	%	$	8,333,946	$	7,157,399	16.4	%
Payroll cost per worksite employee per month (GAAP)	$	7,564	$	7,296	3.7	%	$	7,955	$	7,594	4.8	%
Less: Bonus payroll cost per worksite employee per month	608		566		7.4	%	1,003		866		15.8	%
Non-bonus payroll cost per worksite employee per month	$	6,956	$	6,730	3.4	%	$	6,952	$	6,728	3.3	%

Adjusted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities excludes funds associated with federal and state income tax withholdings, employment taxes and other payroll deductions, as well as client prepayments. We believe adjusted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities is a useful measure of our available funds.

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Following is a GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities:

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
	(in thousands)
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities (GAAP)	$	315,918	$	356,220
Less: Amounts payable for withheld federal and state income taxes, employment taxes and other payroll deductions	191,893		271,547
Client prepayments	13,952		23,603
Adjusted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	110,073	$	61,070

Adjusted operating expenses represent operating expenses excluding the impact of costs associated with a one-time tax reform bonus paid to corporate employees. Our management believes adjusted operating expenses is a useful measure of our operating costs, as it allows for additional analysis of our operating expenses separate from the impact of these items.    

Following is a GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation of operating expenses and adjusted operating expenses:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,						Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018		2017		% Change		2018		2017		% Change
	(in thousands, except per worksite employee per month data)
Operating expenses (GAAP)	$	120,963	$	107,615	12.4	%	$	255,980	$	213,469	19.9	%
Less:
One-time tax reform bonus	—		—		—		9,306		—		—
Adjusted operating expenses (non-GAAP)	$	120,963	$	107,615	12.4	%	$	246,674	$	213,469	15.6	%
Operating expenses per worksite employee per month (GAAP)	$	198	$	199	(0.5	)%	$	214	$	201	6.5	%
Less:
One-time tax reform bonus	—		—		—		8		—		—
Adjusted operating expenses per worksite employee per month (non-GAAP)	$	198	$	199	(0.5	)%	$	206	$	201	2.5	%

EBITDA represents net income computed in accordance with GAAP, plus interest expense, income tax expense and depreciation and amortization expense. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA plus non-cash stock-based compensation and costs associated with a one-time tax reform bonus paid to corporate employees. Our management believes EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are often useful measures of our operating performance, as they allow for additional analysis of our operating results separate from the impact of these items and Adjusted EBITDA is used by our lenders to assess our leverage and ability to make interest payments.    

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Following is a GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation of EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,						Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018		2017		% Change		2018		2017		% Change
	(in thousands, except per worksite employee per month data)
Net income (GAAP)	$	24,560	$	14,018	75.2	%	$	74,551	$	49,646	50.2	%
Income tax expense	9,720		8,795		10.5	%	24,818		26,501		(6.4	)%
Interest expense	1,108		803		38.0	%	2,178		1,426		52.7	%
Depreciation and amortization	5,480		4,405		24.4	%	10,693		8,659		23.5	%
EBITDA	40,868		28,021		45.8	%	112,240		86,232		30.2	%
Stock-based compensation	5,752		5,303		8.5	%	8,887		9,806		(9.4	)%
One-time tax reform bonus	—		—		—		9,306		—		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	46,620	$	33,324	39.9	%	$	130,433	$	96,038	35.8	%
Net income per worksite employee per month (GAAP)	$	40	$	26	53.8	%	$	62	$	47	31.9	%
Income tax expense per worksite employee per month	16		16		—		21		25		(16.0	)%
Interest expense per worksite employee per month	2		1		100.0	%	2		1		100.0	%
Depreciation and amortization per worksite employee per month	9		9		—		9		8		12.5	%
EBITDA per worksite employee per month	67		52		28.8	%	94		81		16.0	%
Stock-based compensation per worksite employee per month	9		10		(10.0	)%	7		9		(22.2	)%
One-time tax reform bonus per worksite employee per month	—		—		—		8		—		—
Adjusted EBITDA per worksite employee per month	$	76	$	62	22.6	%	$	109	$	90	21.1	%

Adjusted net income and adjusted diluted net income per share of common stock represent net income and diluted net income per share computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding the impact of non-cash stock-based compensation in both periods and costs associated with a one-time tax reform bonus paid to corporate employees in 2018. Our management believes adjusted net income and adjusted diluted net income per share of common stock are useful measures of our operating performance, as they allow for additional analysis of our operating results separate from the impact of these items.

Following is a GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation of adjusted net income:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,								Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018			2017			% Change		2018			2017			% Change
	(in thousands)
Net income (GAAP)	$	24,560		$	14,018		75.2	%	$	74,551		$	49,646		50.2	%
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Stock-based compensation	5,752			5,303			8.5	%	8,887			9,806			(9.4	)%
One-time tax reform bonus	—			—			—		9,306			—			—
Total non-GAAP adjustments	5,752			5,303			8.5	%	18,193			9,806			85.5	%
Tax effect	(1,631		)	(2,044		)	(20.2	)%	(4,517		)	(3,539		)	27.6	%
Adjusted net income	$	28,681		$	17,277		66.0	%	$	88,227		$	55,913		57.8	%

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Following is a GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation of adjusted diluted net income per share of common stock⁽¹⁾:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,								Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018			2017			% Change		2018			2017			% Change
	(in thousands)
Diluted net income per share of common stock (GAAP)	$	0.58		$	0.33		75.8	%	$	1.77		$	1.18		50.0	%
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Stock-based compensation	0.14			0.13			7.7	%	0.21			0.24			(12.5	)%
One-time tax reform bonus	—			—			—		0.22			—			—
Total non-GAAP adjustments	0.14			0.13			7.7	%	0.43			0.24			79.2	%
Tax effect	(0.04		)	(0.05		)	(20.0	)%	(0.11		)	(0.09		)	22.2	%
Adjusted diluted net income per share of common stock	$	0.68		$	0.41		65.9	%	$	2.09		$	1.33		57.1	%

 ____________________________________

⁽¹⁾  Amounts in 2017 adjusted to reflect the two-for-one split of our common stock effected on December 18, 2017 in the form of a stock dividend.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We periodically evaluate our liquidity requirements, capital needs and availability of resources in view of, among other things, our expansion plans, stock repurchase, potential acquisitions, debt service requirements and other operating cash needs. To meet short-term liquidity requirements, which are primarily the payment of direct costs and operating expenses, we rely primarily on cash from operations. Longer-term projects, large stock repurchases or significant acquisitions may be financed with debt or equity. We have in the past sought, and may in the future seek, to raise additional capital or take other steps to increase or manage our liquidity and capital resources. We had $315.9 million in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at June 30, 2018, of which approximately $191.9 million was payable in early July2018 for withheld federal and state income taxes, employment taxes and other payroll deductions, and approximately $14.0 million were client prepayments that were payable in July2018. At June 30, 2018, we had working capital of $95.0 million compared to $52.5 million at December 31, 2017. We currently believe that our cash on hand, marketable securities, cash flows from operations and availability under our revolving credit facility will be adequate to meet our liquidity requirements for the remainder of 2018. We intend to rely on these same sources, as well as public and private debt or equity financing, to meet our longer-term liquidity and capital needs.

We have a $350 million revolving credit facility (“Facility”) with a syndicate of financial institutions. The Facility is available for working capital and general corporate purposes, including acquisitions and stock repurchases. As of June 30, 2018, we had an outstanding letter of credit and borrowings totaling $105.4 million under the Facility. Please read Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Long-Term Debt,” for additional information.

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Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities in the first six months of 2018 was $17.3 million. Our primary source of cash from operations is the comprehensive service fee and payroll funding we collect from our clients. Our cash and cash equivalents, and thus our reported cash flows from operating activities, are significantly impacted by various external and internal factors, which are reflected in part by the changes in our balance sheet accounts. These include the following:

• Timing of client payments / payroll levels – We typically collect our comprehensive service fee, along with the client’s payroll funding, from clients at least one day prior to the payment of worksite employee payrolls and associated payroll taxes. Therefore, the last business day of a reporting period has a substantial impact on our reporting of operating cash flows. For example, many worksite employees are paid on Fridays; therefore, operating cash flows decrease in the reporting periods that end on a Friday or a Monday. In the period ended June 30, 2018, the last business day of the reporting period was a Friday, client prepayments were $14.0 million and accrued worksite employee payroll was $295.6 million. In the period ended June 30, 2017, the last business day of the reporting period was a Friday, client prepayments were $22.3 million and accrued worksite employee payroll was $228.6 million.

• Medical plan funding – Our health care contract with United establishes participant cash funding rates 90 days in advance of the beginning of a reporting quarter. Therefore, changes in the participation level of the United plan have a direct impact on our operating cash flows. In addition, changes to the funding rates, which are solely determined by United based primarily upon recent claim history and anticipated cost trends, also have a significant impact on our operating cash flows. As of June 30, 2018, premiums owed and cash funded to United have exceeded the costs of the United plan, resulting in a $12.3 million surplus, $3.3 million of which is reflected as a current asset, and $9.0 million of which is reflected as a long-term asset on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The premiums, including an additional quarterly premium, owed to United at June 30, 2018, were $19.0 million, which is included in accrued health insurance costs, a current liability, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

• Operating results – Our net income has a significant impact on our operating cash flows. Our net income increased50.2% to $74.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to $49.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017, due to higher gross profit. Please read “Results of Operations – Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017.”

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash flows used in investing activities were $19.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to marketable securities purchases, net of maturities and dispositions of $5.3 million and property and equipment purchases of $14.0 million.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash flows used in financing activities were $31.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. We repurchased $16.2 million in stock and paid $16.8 million in dividends during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

ITEM 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

We are primarily exposed to market risks from fluctuations in interest rates and the effects of those fluctuations on the market values of our cash equivalent short-term investments, our available-for-sale marketable securities and our borrowings under our Facility, which bears interest at a variable market rate. As of June 30, 2018, we had outstanding letters of credit and borrowings totaling $105.4 million under the Facility. Please read Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Long-Term Debt” for additional information.

 The cash equivalent short-term investments consist primarily of overnight investments, which are not significantly exposed to interest rate risk, except to the extent that changes in interest rates will ultimately affect the amount of interest income earned on these investments. Our available-for-sale marketable securities are subject to interest rate risk because these securities generally include a fixed interest rate. As a result, the market values of these securities are affected by changes in prevailing interest rates.

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We attempt to limit our exposure to interest rate risk primarily through diversification and low investment turnover. Our investment policy is designed to maximize after-tax interest income while preserving our principal investment. As a result, our marketable securities consist of tax-exempt short term and intermediate term debt securities, which are primarily pre-funded municipal bonds that are secured by escrow funds containing U.S. Government Securities.

ITEM 4.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

In accordance with Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2018.

There has been no change in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II

ITEM 1.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

Please read Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Commitments and Contingencies,” which is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS.

Forward-Looking Statements

The statements contained herein that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws (Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Exchange Act). You can identify such forward-looking statements by the words “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” “believes,” “estimates,” “likely,” “possibly,” “probably,” “goal,” “opportunity,” “objective,” “target,” “assume,” “outlook,” “guidance,” “predicts,” “appears,” “indicator” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties. In the normal course of business, Insperity, Inc., in an effort to help keep our stockholders and the public informed about our operations, may from time to time issue such forward-looking statements, either orally or in writing. Generally, these statements relate to business plans or strategies, projected or anticipated benefits or other consequences of such plans or strategies, or projections involving anticipated revenues, earnings, unit growth, profit per worksite employee, pricing, operating expenses or other aspects of operating results. We base the forward-looking statements on our expectations, estimates and projections at the time such statements are made. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that we cannot predict. In addition, we have based many of these forward-looking statements on assumptions about future events that may prove to be inaccurate. Therefore, the actual results of the future events described in such forward-looking statements could differ materially from those stated in such forward-looking statements. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are: (i) adverse economic conditions; (ii) regulatory and tax developments and possible adverse application of various federal, state and local regulations; (iii) the ability to secure competitive replacement contracts for health insurance and workers’ compensation insurance at expiration of current contracts; (iv) cancellation of client contracts on short notice, or the inability to renew client contracts or attract new clients; (v) vulnerability to regional economic factors because of our geographic market concentration; (vi) increases in health insurance costs and workers’ compensation rates and underlying claims trends, health care reform, financial solvency of workers’ compensation carriers, other insurers or financial institutions, state unemployment tax rates, liabilities for employee and client actions or payroll-related claims; (vii) failure to manage growth of our operations and the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts; (viii) the impact of the competitive environment and other developments in the human resources services industry, including the PEO industry, on our growth and/or profitability; (ix) our liability for worksite employee payroll, payroll taxes and benefits costs; (x) our liability for disclosure of sensitive or private information; (xi) our ability to integrate or realize expected returns on our acquisitions; (xii) failure of our information technology systems; (xiii) an adverse final judgment or settlement of claims against Insperity; and (xiv) disruptions to our business resulting from the actions of certain stockholders. These factors are discussed in further detail in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, and elsewhere in this report. Any of these factors, or a combination of such factors, could materially affect the results of our operations and whether forward-looking statements we make ultimately prove to be accurate.

Except to the extent otherwise required by federal securities law, we do not undertake any obligation to update our forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

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ITEM 2.  UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

The following table provides information about purchases by Insperity during the three months ended June 30, 2018, of equity securities that are registered by Insperity pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)(2)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Announced Programs(2)	Maximum Number of Shares Available for Purchase under Announced Program(2)
04/01/2018 – 04/30/2018	—	$	—	—	2,677,564
05/01/2018 – 05/31/2018	13,632	92.38		13,000	2,664,564
06/01/2018 – 06/30/2018	67,091	95.43		67,000	2,597,564
Total	80,723	$	94.92	80,000

 ____________________________________

⁽¹⁾  During the three months ended June 30, 2018, 723 shares of stock were withheld to satisfy tax-withholding obligations arising in conjunction with the vesting of long-term incentive and restricted stock awards. The required withholding is calculated using the closing sales price reported by the New York Stock Exchange on the date prior to the applicable vesting date. These shares are not subject to the repurchase program described above.

⁽²⁾  Our Board of Directors (the “Board”) has approved a program to repurchase shares of our outstanding common stock. As of June 30, 2018, we were authorized to repurchase an additional 2,597,564 shares under the program. Unless terminated earlier by resolution of the Board, the repurchase program will expire when we have repurchased all shares authorized for repurchase under the repurchase program.

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ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS.

(a) List of Exhibits

3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Insperity, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 29, 2018).
10.1(+)	*	Letter Agreement, dated May 3, 2018, by and between Insperity Holdings, Inc. and United HealthCare Insurance Company.
31.1	*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	**	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	**	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	*	XBRL Instance Document.(1)
101.SCH	*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	*	XBRL Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

____________________________________
(+)	Confidential treatment has been requested for this exhibit and confidential portions have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
*	Filed with this report.
**	Furnished with this report.

⁽¹⁾  Attached as exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017; (ii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; (iii) the Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the six month period ended June 30, 2018; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017; and (v) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	INSPERITY, INC.
Date: August 1, 2018	By:	/s/ Douglas S. Sharp
		Douglas S. Sharp
		Senior Vice President of Finance,
		Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

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EX-10.1

*** indicates material has been omitted pursuant to a Confidential Treatment Request filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. A complete copy of this agreement has been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Exhibit 10.1

May 3, 2018

Mr. Richard Rawson

President, Insperity

19001 Crescent Springs Drive

Kingwood, Texas 77339-3802

Re: Insperity and UnitedHealthcare Health and Dental Agreement Extension

Dear Richard:

I am providing this Letter of Agreement to propose the relevant terms and conditions of the modifications to the existing contracts between United HealthCare Insurance Company (“UnitedHealthcare”) and Insperity Holdings, Inc. (“Insperity”), that we trust you will find agreeable. Upon execution, this letter and the attached Terms of Agreement (Exhibit A) will constitute a legally binding agreement as to the principal terms of amendments to the Minimum Premium Financial Agreement and the Minimum Premium Administrative Services Agreement, each by and between Insperity and UnitedHealthcare, as amended and restated from time to time (collectively, the “Medical Definitive Agreements”), and the Agreement Regarding Dental Insurance by and between Insperity and UnitedHealthcare, as entered into effective January 1, 2004 (the “Dental Definitive Agreement”), to be prepared and executed by the parties. The parties anticipate that such amendments shall be completed as soon as possible. Except as otherwise set forth herein, the terms and conditions of any eventual modifications to the Medical Definitive Agreements and the Dental Definitive Agreement will be only as set forth in any subsequent amendment(s) signed by the parties. The parties also anticipate that additional impact of PPACA (and potential impact of HIT for 2020 and beyond) and recent state issues may require further negotiations concerning the items addressed herein and the corresponding modifications required to the Medical Definitive Agreements.

Insperity and UnitedHealthcare acknowledge and agree that the terms and conditions of this letter and the attached Exhibit A relating to the Medical Definitive Agreements, including the existence hereof, are subject to the provisions of Section 5(e) of the Minimum Premium Administrative Services Agreement (relating to publicity of the arrangement). The parties also agree that the terms and conditions of this letter and the attached Exhibit A relating to the Dental Definitive Agreement, including the existence hereof, are subject to the same confidentiality terms described herein. As such, Insperity and UnitedHealthcare each agree not to make any unauthorized disclosure or public announcement concerning the subject matter hereof without the written consent of the other.

Thank you again for supporting the extension of our existing relationship through 2022 and the truly outstanding relationship that has been formed over the last 16 years. We look forward to continued mutual success and the expansion of our relationship. Please note that UnitedHealthcare has also agreed to *** the *** portion of our fees to *** (*** if *** is *** or above on 12/15/2018) for each Policy effective January 1, 2019, recognizing truly outstanding growth during our current agreement period.

Further *** in the *** portion of our fees will occur if *** is *** and again if *** is *** during our current agreement period.

If this Letter of Agreement and the terms set forth in Exhibit A are in accordance with your understanding of the proposed modifications to our existing contracts, please sign below and return an executed copy to me via email to anthony_r_carr@uhc.com or facsimile at (954) 378-0771. Should you have any questions, please call me at (954) 378-0596.

Best Regards,                    AGREED TO AND ACCEPTED BY:

/s/ Anthony R. Carr                /s/ Richard G. Rawson

Insperity Holdings, Inc.

Anthony R. Carr                    Richard Rawson

National Vice President,                 President, Insperity

UnitedHealthcare                    Date:     May 3, 2018        

Exhibit A

UnitedHealthcare/Insperity

Terms of Agreement

May 3, 2018

For consistency, clarity and ease of communication, this Terms of Agreement uses defined terms from both of the Medical Definitive Agreements between Insperity and UnitedHealthcare, which Agreements are hereby amended effective January 1, 2020, unless otherwise indicated.

UnitedHealthcare (UHC) and Insperity desire to add an additional three years onto the agreement extension executed in 2015 via Letter of Agreement, including annual *** on the *** and dental insurance premium, while also implementing the following provisions to extend the existing agreement through December 31, 2022:

1) In keeping with previous agreements, UHC’s suggested language is as follows: "Competitive" means that either (i) the Company and the Employer agree or (ii) an independent consultant chosen by mutual agreement of the parties has determined, that such product ranks either *** or *** as compared to competing products of other vendors in the designated market.  In making any determination of the rank of a product in a market, such consultant shall apply such criteria relating to *** and *** as it shall determine appropriate.  All fees and expenses of any such consultant shall be paid by the Employer.

a. The exclusivity provisions shall not apply to any Client of Insperity where a state or municipality requires issuance of small business policies directly to Clients and/or Employees, nor shall it apply to Clients and/or Employees who elect coverage under a federal, state or private exchange. Insperity and UnitedHealthcare will work together to find mutually agreeable parameters for any Insperity ***.

b. Barring *** or ***, existing UHC membership is grandfathered for the remainder of the contractual period from the time a competing carrier is introduced into a market.

c. When a new carrier is added to a UHC market, the *** is made at the *** and not the ***.

d. If there is a *** to the Company *** network in a Market, if no group health insurance or similar product is offered by the Company in the Market, or if no group health insurance or similar product offered by the Company is Competitive in that Market, the Employer may offer, subject to the existing terms of our agreement, the health insurance or similar products of a Competing Vendor in such market.  Only *** will be introduced into a limited number of Markets, not to exceed *** Markets, through December 31, 2022. The *** market cap does not apply if changes are *** by *** or ***.

e. *** and *** will remain exclusive markets. If agreed to by both parties, the exclusivity requirement will be modified if changes are *** by *** or *** (to the extent not previously addressed in subparagraph a, of this section 1).

f. UnitedHealthcare will be the exclusive Vendor for *** coverage offered in the *** markets. If changes are *** by *** or *** (to the extent not previously addressed in this section 1, subparagraph a): and if agreed to by both parties, the exclusivity requirement can be modified.

g. UHC will be notified at least 90 days prior to the introduction of a competing carrier into a market. 

2) Renew UHC Dental coverage with *** renewal in 2020, *** renewal in 2021, *** renewal *** in 2022. *** and *** applicable to UHC Dental coverage will continue to be a *** of *** expenses.

3) Renew OptumHealth (OH) Care24 w/ Worklife Solutions at *** through 2022.

4) *** and *** will continue to be a *** of *** expenses.

5) The "***" shall consist of an *** portion and a *** portion, where *** shall be measured each December 15^th and June 15^th and shall be the *** that is used to determine the *** and *** for the following six (6) months of the MP Financial Agreement period.

(A) The *** portion shall be *** (*** if *** is *** or *** on 12/15/2018) for each Policy period effective January 1^st and July 1^st for the 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 calendar years.

Further *** in the *** portion of our fees will occur if *** is *** and again if *** is *** during our current agreement period.

For the avoidance of doubt, the parties agree that: (i) the *** portion of the *** for 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 shall be *** from the January 1, 2019 starting *** of ***, by *** upon reaching *** of *** and by an additional *** upon reaching *** of ***. Calculation of the *** is defined in Exhibit D of the Minimum Premium Financial Agreement.

(B) The *** portion shall be *** for each Policy period effective January 1^st and July 1^st for the 2020, 2021 and 2022 calendar years. In the event that *** below or exceeds the *** thresholds shown in the chart below, the *** will be adjusted accordingly for the 2020, 2021 and 2022 calendar years.

(C) For the avoidance of doubt, the parties agree that: (i) for the 2020/2021/2022 calendar year, the *** portion of the *** remains *** when *** exceeds *** but falls below ***. Calculation of the *** is defined in Exhibit D of the Minimum Premium Financial Agreement.

(D) The *** portion shall be *** for each *** increase above the *** as measured on 12/15 of the prior plan year or 6/15 of the current year:

2020 - ***

2021 - ***

2022 - ***

The *** portion shall be *** for each *** decrease below the *** as measured on 12/15 of the prior plan year or 6/15 of the current year:

2020 - ***

2021 - ***

2022 - ***

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Paul J. Sarvadi, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Insperity, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 1, 2018
	/s/ Paul J. Sarvadi
	Paul J. Sarvadi
	Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Douglas S. Sharp, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Insperity, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 1, 2018
	/s/ Douglas S. Sharp
	Douglas S. Sharp
	Senior Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Insperity, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending June 30, 2018 (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, I, Paul J. Sarvadi, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Paul J. Sarvadi

Paul J. Sarvadi

Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

August 1, 2018

EX-32.2

 Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Insperity, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending June 30, 2018 (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, I, Douglas S. Sharp, Senior Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Douglas S. Sharp

Douglas S. Sharp

Senior Vice President of Finance,

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

August 1, 2018

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jul. 25, 2018
Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	INSPERITY, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001000753
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		41,923,815
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2018

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 308,711	$ 354,260
Restricted cash	41,827	41,137
Marketable securities	7,207	1,960
Accounts receivable, net:
Trade	4,066	12,292
Unbilled	344,685	318,431
Other	3,003	3,258
Prepaid insurance	17,648	10,782
Other current assets	22,640	26,991
Income taxes receivable	0	9,824
Total current assets	749,787	778,935
Property and equipment:
Land	6,215	6,215
Buildings and improvements	98,332	95,615
Computer hardware and software	108,665	105,060
Software development costs	65,348	60,568
Furniture, fixtures and other	44,603	42,891
Total property and equipment, gross	323,163	310,349
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(224,135)	(214,690)
Total property and equipment, net	99,028	95,659
Other assets:
Prepaid health insurance	9,000	9,000
Deposits – health insurance	5,300	5,300
Deposits – workers’ compensation	165,150	154,215
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net	12,732	12,762
Deferred income taxes, net	4,538	4,283
Other assets	5,533	3,541
Total other assets	202,253	189,101
Total assets	1,051,068	1,063,695
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	4,123	6,447
Payroll taxes and other payroll deductions payable	213,432	303,247
Accrued worksite employee payroll cost	295,596	267,402
Accrued health insurance costs	24,127	26,075
Accrued workers’ compensation costs	45,376	42,974
Accrued corporate payroll and commissions	41,059	52,595
Other accrued liabilities	24,094	27,741
Income taxes payable	6,984	0
Total current liabilities	654,791	726,481
Noncurrent liabilities:
Accrued workers’ compensation costs	174,017	166,493
Long-term debt	104,400	104,400
Total noncurrent liabilities	278,417	270,893
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock	555	555
Additional paid-in capital	27,363	25,337
Treasury stock, at cost	(263,764)	(256,363)
Retained earnings	353,706	296,792
Total stockholders’ equity	117,860	66,321
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 1,051,068	$ 1,063,695

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues (gross billings of $5.550 billion, $4.742 billion, $11.473 billion and $9.758 billion, less worksite employee payroll cost of $4.628 billion $3.947 billion, $9.537 billion, and $8.080 billion, respectively)	$ 922,295	$ 795,552	$ 1,936,667	$ 1,678,216
Direct costs:
Payroll taxes, benefits and workers’ compensation costs	767,751	664,999	1,582,403	1,388,317
Gross profit	154,544	130,553	354,264	289,899
Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages and payroll taxes	68,748	61,458	155,934	123,915
Stock-based compensation	5,752	5,303	8,887	9,806
Commissions	6,979	5,664	13,045	10,140
Advertising	6,585	6,175	10,150	10,147
General and administrative expenses	27,419	24,610	57,271	50,802
Depreciation and amortization	5,480	4,405	10,693	8,659
Total operating expenses	120,963	107,615	255,980	213,469
Operating income	33,581	22,938	98,284	76,430
Other income (expense):
Interest income	1,807	678	3,263	1,143
Interest expense	(1,108)	(803)	(2,178)	(1,426)
Income before income tax expense	34,280	22,813	99,369	76,147
Income tax expense	9,720	8,795	24,818	26,501
Net income	24,560	14,018	74,551	49,646
Less distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	346	248	1,064	909
Net income allocated to common shares	$ 24,214	$ 13,770	$ 73,487	$ 48,737
Basic net income per share of common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.59	$ 0.33	$ 1.78	$ 1.18
Diluted net income per share of common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.58	$ 0.33	$ 1.77	$ 1.18

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Income Statement [Abstract]
Gross billings	$ 5,550	$ 4,742	$ 11,473	$ 9,758
Worksite employee payroll costs	$ 4,628	$ 3,947	$ 9,537	$ 8,080

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited) - 6 months ended Jun. 30, 2018 - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 66,321	$ 555	$ 25,337	$ (256,363)	$ 296,792
Purchase of treasury stock, at cost	(16,227)	0	0	(16,227)	0
Issuance of long-term incentive awards and dividend equivalents	0	0	(5,764)	6,619	(855)
Stock-based compensation expense	8,887	0	7,005	1,882	0
Other	1,110	0	785	325	0
Dividends paid	(16,786)	0	0	0	(16,786)
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax	4	0	0	0	4
Net income	74,551	0	0	0	74,551
Balance at Jun. 30, 2018	$ 117,860	$ 555	$ 27,363	$ (263,764)	$ 353,706
Balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		55,489
Balance (shares) at Jun. 30, 2018		55,489

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 74,551	$ 49,646
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	10,693	8,659
Stock-based compensation	8,887	9,806
Deferred income taxes	(255)	8,465
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(17,773)	8,715
Prepaid insurance	(6,866)	(12,029)
Other current assets	4,351	1,533
Other assets	(1,957)	(2,375)
Accounts payable	(2,324)	(1,057)
Payroll taxes and other payroll deductions payable	(89,815)	(57,826)
Accrued worksite employee payroll expense	28,194	13,342
Accrued health insurance costs	(1,948)	219
Accrued workers’ compensation costs	9,926	12,832
Accrued corporate payroll, commissions and other accrued liabilities	(15,183)	(11,974)
Income taxes payable/receivable	16,808	(1,929)
Total adjustments	(57,262)	(23,619)
Net cash provided by operating activities	17,289	26,027
Marketable securities:
Purchases	(11,849)	(919)
Marketable Securities Proceeds From Dispositions	5,439	0
Proceeds from maturities	1,125	805
Property and equipment:
Purchases	(14,025)	(20,802)
Net cash used in investing activities	(19,310)	(20,916)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Purchase of treasury stock	(16,227)	(25,528)
Dividends paid	(16,786)	(11,579)
Other	1,110	830
Net cash used in financing activities	(31,903)	(36,277)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(33,924)	(31,166)
Begin of Period Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents	549,612	472,609
End of Period Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	515,688	441,443
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	308,711	241,890
Restricted cash	41,827	41,703
Deposits workers compensation	$ 165,150	$ 157,850

XML

Basis of Presentation (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

1. Basis of Presentation

Insperity, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Insperity,” “we,” “our,” and “us”), provides an array of human resources (“HR”) and business solutions designed to help improve business performance. Our most comprehensive HR services offerings are provided through our professional employer organization (“PEO”) services, known as Workforce Optimization^® and Workforce Synchronization^TM solutions (together, our “PEO HR Outsourcing solutions”), which encompass a broad range of HR functions, including payroll and employment administration, employee benefits, workers’ compensation, government compliance, performance management, and training and development services, along with our cloud-based human capital management solution, the Insperity Premier^TM platform.

In addition to our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions, we offer a number of other business performance solutions, including Human Capital Management, Payroll Services, Time and Attendance, Performance Management, Organizational Planning, Recruiting Services, Employment Screening, Expense Management Services, Retirement Services and Insurance Services, many of which are offered as a cloud-based software solution. These other products and services are offered separately, along with our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions or as a bundle, such as our Workforce Administration^TMsolution that provides a comprehensive human capital management and payroll services solution.

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Insperity and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements at and for the year ended December 31, 2017. Our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information or footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Our Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2018 and our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and our Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the six month period ended June 30, 2018, have been prepared by us without audit. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows, have been made. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2018 presentation.

The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for a full year or of future operations.

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Accounting Policies (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Accounting Policies

2. Accounting Policies

Health Insurance Costs

We provide group health insurance coverage to our worksite employees in our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions through a national network of carriers, including UnitedHealthcare (“United”), UnitedHealthcare of California, Kaiser Permanente, Blue Shield of California, HMSA BlueCross BlueShield of Hawaii, and Tufts, all of which provide fully insured policies or service contracts.

The policy with United provides the majority of our health insurance coverage. As a result of certain contractual terms, we have accounted for this plan since its inception using a partially self-funded insurance accounting model. Accordingly, we record the costs of the United plan, including an estimate of the incurred claims, taxes and administrative fees (collectively the “Plan Costs”) as benefits expense, a component of direct costs, in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The estimated incurred claims are based upon: (i) the level of claims processed during the quarter; (ii) estimated completion rates based upon recent claim development patterns under the plan; and (iii) the number of participants in the plan, including both active and COBRA enrollees. Each reporting period, changes in the estimated ultimate costs resulting from claim trends, plan design and migration, participant demographics and other factors are incorporated into the benefits costs.

Additionally, since the plan’s inception, under the terms of the contract, United establishes cash funding rates 90 days in advance of the beginning of a reporting quarter. If the Plan Costs for a reporting quarter are greater than the premiums paid and owed to United, a deficit in the plan would be incurred and a liability for the excess costs would be accrued in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. On the other hand, if the Plan Costs for the reporting quarter are less than the premiums paid and owed to United, a surplus in the plan would be incurred and we would record an asset for the excess premiums in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The terms of the arrangement require us to maintain an accumulated cash surplus in the plan of $9.0 million, which is reported as long-term prepaid insurance. In addition, United requires a deposit equal to approximately one day of claims funding activity, which was $5.1 million as of June 30, 2018, and is reported as a long-term asset. As of June 30, 2018, Plan Costs were less than the net premiums paid and owed to United by $12.3 million. As this amount is in excess of the agreed-upon $9.0 million surplus maintenance level, the $3.3 million difference is included in prepaid health insurance, a current asset, in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The premiums, including the additional quarterly premiums, owed to United at June 30, 2018 were $19.0 million, which is included in accrued health insurance costs, a current liability in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our benefits costs incurred in the first six months of 2018 included a decrease of $1.9 million for changes in estimated run-off related to prior periods.

Workers’ Compensation Costs

Our workers’ compensation coverage for our worksite employees in our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions has been provided through an arrangement with the Chubb Group of Insurance Companies or its predecessors (the “Chubb Program”) since 2007. The Chubb Program is fully insured in that Chubb has the responsibility to pay all claims incurred under the policy regardless of whether we satisfy our responsibilities. Under the Chubb Program, we have financial responsibility to Chubb for the first $1 million layer of claims per occurrence and, for claims over $1 million, up to a maximum aggregate amount of $5 million per policy year for claims that exceed $1 million. Chubb bears the financial responsibility for all claims in excess of these levels.

Because we bear the financial responsibility for claims up to the levels noted above, such claims, which are the primary component of our workers’ compensation costs, are recorded in the period incurred. Workers’ compensation insurance includes ongoing health care and indemnity coverage whereby claims are paid over numerous years following the date of injury. Accordingly, the accrual of related incurred costs in each reporting period includes estimates, which take into account the ongoing development of claims and therefore requires a significant level of judgment.

We utilize a third party actuary to estimate our loss development rate, which is primarily based upon the nature of worksite employees’ job responsibilities, the location of worksite employees, the historical frequency and severity of workers’ compensation claims, and an estimate of future cost trends. Each reporting period, changes in the actuarial assumptions resulting from changes in actual claims experience and other trends are incorporated into our workers’ compensation claims cost estimates. During the six months ended June 30,2018 and 2017, we reduced accrued workers’ compensation costs by $10.9 million and $8.0 million, respectively, for changes in estimated losses related to prior reporting periods. Workers’ compensation cost estimates are discounted to present value at a rate based upon the U.S. Treasury rates that correspond with the weighted average estimated claim payout period (the average discount rate utilized in the 2018 period was 2.5% and in the 2017 period was 1.5%) and are accreted over the estimated claim payment period and included as a component of direct costs in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following table provides the activity and balances related to incurred but not paid workers’ compensation claims:

	Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018			2017
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance, January 1,	$	207,630		$	183,928
Accrued claims	33,260			34,242
Present value discount	(3,360		)	(2,008		)
Paid claims	(21,686		)	(20,044		)
Ending balance	$	215,844		$	196,118
Current portion of accrued claims	$	41,827		$	41,703
Long-term portion of accrued claims	174,017			154,415
	$	215,844		$	196,118

The current portion of accrued workers’ compensation costs on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2018 includes $3.5 million of workers’ compensation administrative fees.

As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, the undiscounted accrued workers’ compensation costs were $230.4 million and $207.2 million, respectively.

At the beginning of each policy period, the workers’ compensation insurance carrier establishes monthly funding requirements comprised of premium costs and funds to be set aside for payment of future claims (“claim funds”). The level of claim funds is primarily based upon anticipated worksite employee payroll levels and expected workers’ compensation loss rates, as determined by the insurance carrier. Monies funded into the program for incurred claims expected to be paid within one year are recorded as restricted cash, a short-term asset, while the remainder of claim funds are included in deposits – workers’ compensation, a long-term asset in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 30, 2018, we had restricted cash of $41.8 million and deposits – workers’ compensation of $165.2 million.

Our estimate of incurred claim costs expected to be paid within one year is included in short-term liabilities, while our estimate of incurred claim costs expected to be paid beyond one year is included in long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) using the modified retrospective approach. Under this method, the guidance is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements. ASU No. 2014-09 outlines a single comprehensive revenue recognition model for revenue arising from contracts with customers and superseded most of the previous revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. Under ASU No. 2014-09, an entity recognizes revenue for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration for which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Our revenue recognition policies remained substantially unchanged as a result of adoption ASU No. 2014-09 and we did not have any significant changes in our business processes or systems.    

We enter into contracts with our customers for human resources services based on a stated rate and price in the contract. Our contracts generally have a term of 12 months, but are cancellable at any time by either party with 30-days’ notice. Our performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered each month. The term between invoicing and when our performance obligations are satisfied is not significant. Payment terms are typically due concurrently with the invoicing of our PEO services. We do not have significant financing components or significant payment terms.

Our revenue is generally recognized ratably over the payroll period as worksite employees perform their service at the client worksite. Customers are invoiced concurrently with each periodic payroll of its worksite employees. Revenues that have been recognized but not invoiced are included in unbilled accounts receivable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Pursuant to the “practical expedients” provided under ASU No 2014-09, we expense sales commissions when incurred because the terms of our contracts are cancellable by either party with a 30-day notice. These costs are recorded in commissions in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.  

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geography:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,				Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(in thousands)
Northeast	$	239,278	$	204,285	$	511,642	$	440,385
Southeast	108,264		92,049		223,452		190,855
Central	153,025		131,099		321,092		273,876
Southwest	213,920		185,094		446,785		389,201
West	194,986		170,452		407,605		357,896
Other revenue(1)	12,822		12,573		26,091		26,003
Total revenue	$	922,295	$	795,552	$	1,936,667	$	1,678,216

_____________________________

⁽¹⁾ Comprised primarily of revenues generated by our other products and services offerings.

In November 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Restricted Cash, clarifying the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this ASU require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning period and ending period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. As a result of our adoption of the new guidance, in the first quarter of 2018, our beginning and ending cash balances on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows now include restricted cash and long-term workers compensation deposits and prior period balances were retrospectively adjusted. Restricted cash and long-term workers compensation deposits are cash deposits funded to secure future claim payments under our workers compensation program and are considered restricted under Topic 230.

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraph Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SEC Update) (“ASU 2018-05”), ASU 2018-05 adds the SEC guidance released on December 22, 2017 regarding the U.S. tax reform to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. At March 31, 2018, we have not made a material adjustment to the provisional tax provision recorded under ASU 2018-05 at December 31, 2017. In addition, we have considered the impact of the statutory changes from the Act in our estimated tax rate for 2018, including reasonable estimates of those provisions effective for the 2018 tax year.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. The new standard requires recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities for leases previously classified as operating leases. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently reviewing the guidance and assessing the impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities [Abstract]

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

3. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The following table summarizes our cash and investments in cash equivalents and marketable securities held by investment managers and overnight investments:

	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(in thousands)
Overnight holdings
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	$	282,337		$	338,112
Investment holdings
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	17,354			22,634
Marketable securities	7,207			1,960
	306,898			362,706
Cash held in demand accounts	25,053			26,700
Outstanding checks	(16,033		)	(33,186		)
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	315,918		$	356,220
Cash and cash equivalents	$	308,711		$	354,260
Marketable securities	7,207			1,960
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	315,918		$	356,220

Our cash and overnight holdings fluctuate based on the timing of clients’ payroll processing cycles. Included in the cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are $191.9 million and $271.5 million, respectively, of funds associated with federal and state income tax withholdings, employment taxes and other payroll deductions, as well as $14.0 million and $23.6 million in client prepayments, respectively.

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Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

4. Fair Value Measurements

We account for our financial assets in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 820, Fair Value Measurement. This standard defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The fair value measurement disclosures are grouped into three levels based on valuation factors:

• Level 1 - quoted prices in active markets using identical assets

• Level 2 - significant other observable inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other observable inputs

• Level 3 - significant unobservable inputs

Fair Value of Instruments Measured and Recognized at Fair Value

The following tables summarize the levels of fair value measurements of our financial assets:

	Fair Value Measurements
	(in thousands)
	June 30, 2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Money market funds	$	299,691	$	299,691	$	—	$	—
Municipal bonds	7,207		—		7,207		—
Total	$	306,898	$	299,691	$	7,207	$	—

	Fair Value Measurements
	(in thousands)
	December 31, 2017		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Money market funds	$	360,746	$	360,746	$	—	$	—
Municipal bonds	1,960		—		1,960		—
Total	$	362,706	$	360,746	$	1,960	$	—

The municipal bond securities valued as Level 2 investments are primarily pre-refunded municipal bonds that are secured by escrow funds containing U.S. government securities. Our valuation techniques used to measure fair value for these securities during the period consisted primarily of third party pricing services that utilized actual market data such as trades of comparable bond issues, broker/dealer quotations for the same or similar investments in active markets and other observable inputs.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, deposits and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

As of June 30, 2018, the carrying value of our borrowings under our revolving credit facility approximates fair value and was classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Please read Note 5, “Long-Term Debt,” for additional information.

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Long-term Debt (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Revolving Credit Facility

5. Long-Term Debt

We have a revolving credit facility (the “Facility”) with borrowing capacity up to $350 million. The Facility may be increased to $400 million based on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the agreement relating to the Facility (the “Credit Agreement”). The Facility is available for working capital and general corporate purposes, including acquisitions, stock repurchases and issuances of letters of credit. Our obligations under the Facility are secured by 65% of the stock of our captive insurance subsidiary and are guaranteed by all of our domestic subsidiaries. At June 30, 2018, our outstanding balance on the Facility was $104.4 million, and we had an outstanding $1.0 million letter of credit issued under the Facility, providing us with an available borrowing capacity of $244.6 million.

The Facility matures on February 6, 2023. Borrowings under the Facility bear interest at an alternate base rate or LIBOR, at our option, plus an applicable margin. Depending on our leverage ratio, the applicable margin varies (i) in the case of LIBOR loans, from 1.50% to 2.25% and (ii) in the case of alternate base rate loans, from 0.00% to 0.50%. The alternate base rate is the highest of (i) the prime rate most recently published in The Wall Street Journal, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (iii) the 30-day LIBOR rate plus 2.00%. We also pay an unused commitment fee on the average daily unused portion of the Facility at a rate of 0.25%. The interest rate at June 30, 2018 was 3.59%. Interest expense and unused commitment fees are recorded in other income (expense).

The Facility contains both affirmative and negative covenants that we believe are customary for arrangements of this nature. Covenants include, but are not limited to, limitations on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, sell material assets, retire, redeem or otherwise reacquire our capital stock, acquire the capital stock or assets of another business, make investments and pay dividends. In addition, the Credit Agreement requires us to comply with financial covenants limiting our total funded debt, minimum interest coverage ratio and maximum leverage ratio. We were in compliance with all financial covenants under the Credit Agreement at June 30, 2018.

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Stockholders' Equity (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders Equity

6. Stockholders' Equity

During the first six months of 2018, we repurchased or withheld an aggregate of 211,876 shares of our common stock, as described below.

Two-for-One Stock Split

On December 18, 2017, we effected a two-for-one stock split in the form 100% stock dividend.

Repurchase Program

Our Board of Directors (the “Board”) has authorized a program to repurchase shares of our outstanding common stock (“Repurchase Program”). The purchases are to be made from time to time in the open market or directly from stockholders at prevailing market prices based on market conditions and other factors. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, 80,000 shares were repurchased under the Repurchase Program. As of June 30, 2018, we were authorized to repurchase an additional 2,597,564 shares under the Repurchase Program.

Withheld Shares

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we withheld 131,876 shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations for the vesting of long-term incentive and restricted stock awards.

Dividends

The Board declared quarterly dividends as follows:

	2018		2017
	(amounts per share)
First quarter	$	0.20	$	0.125
Second quarter	0.20		0.150

 During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, we paid dividends totaling $16.8 million and $11.6 million, respectively.

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Net Income Per Share (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income per Share

7. Net Income Per Share

We utilize the two-class method to compute net income per share. The two-class method allocates a portion of net income to participating securities, which includes unvested awards of share-based payments with non-forfeitable rights to receive dividends. Net income allocated to unvested share-based payments is excluded from net income allocated to common shares. Any undistributed losses resulting from dividends exceeding net income are not allocated to participating securities. Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income allocated to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income allocated to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options.

The following table summarizes the net income allocated to common shares and the basic and diluted shares used in the net income per share computations:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,						Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	24,560		$	14,018		$	74,551		$	49,646
Less distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	(346		)	(248		)	(1,064		)	(909		)
Net income allocated to common shares	$	24,214		$	13,770		$	73,487		$	48,737
Weighted average common shares outstanding	41,377			41,258			41,301			41,194
Incremental shares from assumed LTIP awards and conversions of common stock options	156			217			324			210
Adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding	41,533			41,475			41,625			41,404

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Commitments and Contingencies (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Worksite Employee 401(k) Retirement Plan Class Action Litigation

In December 2015, a class action lawsuit was filed against us and the third-party discretionary trustee of the Insperity 401(k) retirement plan that is available to eligible worksite employees (the “Plan”) in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division, on behalf of Plan participants. The suit generally alleges that Insperity’s third-party discretionary trustee of the Plan and Insperity breached their fiduciary duties to plan participants by selecting an Insperity subsidiary to serve as the recordkeeper for the Plan, by causing participants in the Plan to pay excessive recordkeeping fees to the Insperity subsidiary, by failing to monitor other fiduciaries, and by making imprudent investment choices. The parties filed a stipulation concerning class certification that defined the class as “all participants and beneficiaries of the Insperity 401(k) Plan from December 22, 2009 through September 30, 2017.” In November 2017, the court approved the class certification stipulation and denied the plaintiffs’ request for a jury trial. Discovery is complete. On June 8, 2018, we filed a motion for summary judgment seeking dismissal of all claims. Briefing on that motion is scheduled to be complete in September 2018. A date for the bench trial has not yet been set. We believe we have meritorious defenses, and we intend to vigorously defend this litigation. As a result of uncertainty regarding the outcome of this matter, no provision has been made in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Other Litigation

We are a defendant in various other lawsuits and claims arising in the normal course of business. Management believes it has valid defenses in these cases and is defending them vigorously. While the results of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes the final outcome of such litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

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Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Health Insurance Costs

Health Insurance Costs

We provide group health insurance coverage to our worksite employees in our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions through a national network of carriers, including UnitedHealthcare (“United”), UnitedHealthcare of California, Kaiser Permanente, Blue Shield of California, HMSA BlueCross BlueShield of Hawaii, and Tufts, all of which provide fully insured policies or service contracts.

The policy with United provides the majority of our health insurance coverage. As a result of certain contractual terms, we have accounted for this plan since its inception using a partially self-funded insurance accounting model. Accordingly, we record the costs of the United plan, including an estimate of the incurred claims, taxes and administrative fees (collectively the “Plan Costs”) as benefits expense, a component of direct costs, in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The estimated incurred claims are based upon: (i) the level of claims processed during the quarter; (ii) estimated completion rates based upon recent claim development patterns under the plan; and (iii) the number of participants in the plan, including both active and COBRA enrollees. Each reporting period, changes in the estimated ultimate costs resulting from claim trends, plan design and migration, participant demographics and other factors are incorporated into the benefits costs.

Additionally, since the plan’s inception, under the terms of the contract, United establishes cash funding rates 90 days in advance of the beginning of a reporting quarter. If the Plan Costs for a reporting quarter are greater than the premiums paid and owed to United, a deficit in the plan would be incurred and a liability for the excess costs would be accrued in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. On the other hand, if the Plan Costs for the reporting quarter are less than the premiums paid and owed to United, a surplus in the plan would be incurred and we would record an asset for the excess premiums in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The terms of the arrangement require us to maintain an accumulated cash surplus in the plan of $9.0 million, which is reported as long-term prepaid insurance. In addition, United requires a deposit equal to approximately one day of claims funding activity, which was $5.1 million as of June 30, 2018, and is reported as a long-term asset. As of June 30, 2018, Plan Costs were less than the net premiums paid and owed to United by $12.3 million. As this amount is in excess of the agreed-upon $9.0 million surplus maintenance level, the $3.3 million difference is included in prepaid health insurance, a current asset, in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The premiums, including the additional quarterly premiums, owed to United at June 30, 2018 were $19.0 million, which is included in accrued health insurance costs, a current liability in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our benefits costs incurred in the first six months of 2018 included a decrease of $1.9 million for changes in estimated run-off related to prior periods.

Workers' Compensation Costs

Workers’ Compensation Costs

Our workers’ compensation coverage for our worksite employees in our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions has been provided through an arrangement with the Chubb Group of Insurance Companies or its predecessors (the “Chubb Program”) since 2007. The Chubb Program is fully insured in that Chubb has the responsibility to pay all claims incurred under the policy regardless of whether we satisfy our responsibilities. Under the Chubb Program, we have financial responsibility to Chubb for the first $1 million layer of claims per occurrence and, for claims over $1 million, up to a maximum aggregate amount of $5 million per policy year for claims that exceed $1 million. Chubb bears the financial responsibility for all claims in excess of these levels.

Because we bear the financial responsibility for claims up to the levels noted above, such claims, which are the primary component of our workers’ compensation costs, are recorded in the period incurred. Workers’ compensation insurance includes ongoing health care and indemnity coverage whereby claims are paid over numerous years following the date of injury. Accordingly, the accrual of related incurred costs in each reporting period includes estimates, which take into account the ongoing development of claims and therefore requires a significant level of judgment.

We utilize a third party actuary to estimate our loss development rate, which is primarily based upon the nature of worksite employees’ job responsibilities, the location of worksite employees, the historical frequency and severity of workers’ compensation claims, and an estimate of future cost trends. Each reporting period, changes in the actuarial assumptions resulting from changes in actual claims experience and other trends are incorporated into our workers’ compensation claims cost estimates. During the six months ended June 30,2018 and 2017, we reduced accrued workers’ compensation costs by $10.9 million and $8.0 million, respectively, for changes in estimated losses related to prior reporting periods. Workers’ compensation cost estimates are discounted to present value at a rate based upon the U.S. Treasury rates that correspond with the weighted average estimated claim payout period (the average discount rate utilized in the 2018 period was 2.5% and in the 2017 period was 1.5%) and are accreted over the estimated claim payment period and included as a component of direct costs in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following table provides the activity and balances related to incurred but not paid workers’ compensation claims:

	Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018			2017
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance, January 1,	$	207,630		$	183,928
Accrued claims	33,260			34,242
Present value discount	(3,360		)	(2,008		)
Paid claims	(21,686		)	(20,044		)
Ending balance	$	215,844		$	196,118
Current portion of accrued claims	$	41,827		$	41,703
Long-term portion of accrued claims	174,017			154,415
	$	215,844		$	196,118

The current portion of accrued workers’ compensation costs on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2018 includes $3.5 million of workers’ compensation administrative fees.

As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, the undiscounted accrued workers’ compensation costs were $230.4 million and $207.2 million, respectively.

At the beginning of each policy period, the workers’ compensation insurance carrier establishes monthly funding requirements comprised of premium costs and funds to be set aside for payment of future claims (“claim funds”). The level of claim funds is primarily based upon anticipated worksite employee payroll levels and expected workers’ compensation loss rates, as determined by the insurance carrier. Monies funded into the program for incurred claims expected to be paid within one year are recorded as restricted cash, a short-term asset, while the remainder of claim funds are included in deposits – workers’ compensation, a long-term asset in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 30, 2018, we had restricted cash of $41.8 million and deposits – workers’ compensation of $165.2 million.

Our estimate of incurred claim costs expected to be paid within one year is included in short-term liabilities, while our estimate of incurred claim costs expected to be paid beyond one year is included in long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) using the modified retrospective approach. Under this method, the guidance is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements. ASU No. 2014-09 outlines a single comprehensive revenue recognition model for revenue arising from contracts with customers and superseded most of the previous revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. Under ASU No. 2014-09, an entity recognizes revenue for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration for which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Our revenue recognition policies remained substantially unchanged as a result of adoption ASU No. 2014-09 and we did not have any significant changes in our business processes or systems.    

We enter into contracts with our customers for human resources services based on a stated rate and price in the contract. Our contracts generally have a term of 12 months, but are cancellable at any time by either party with 30-days’ notice. Our performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered each month. The term between invoicing and when our performance obligations are satisfied is not significant. Payment terms are typically due concurrently with the invoicing of our PEO services. We do not have significant financing components or significant payment terms.

Our revenue is generally recognized ratably over the payroll period as worksite employees perform their service at the client worksite. Customers are invoiced concurrently with each periodic payroll of its worksite employees. Revenues that have been recognized but not invoiced are included in unbilled accounts receivable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Pursuant to the “practical expedients” provided under ASU No 2014-09, we expense sales commissions when incurred because the terms of our contracts are cancellable by either party with a 30-day notice. These costs are recorded in commissions in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.  

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geography:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,				Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(in thousands)
Northeast	$	239,278	$	204,285	$	511,642	$	440,385
Southeast	108,264		92,049		223,452		190,855
Central	153,025		131,099		321,092		273,876
Southwest	213,920		185,094		446,785		389,201
West	194,986		170,452		407,605		357,896
Other revenue(1)	12,822		12,573		26,091		26,003
Total revenue	$	922,295	$	795,552	$	1,936,667	$	1,678,216

_____________________________

⁽¹⁾ Comprised primarily of revenues generated by our other products and services offerings.

In November 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Restricted Cash, clarifying the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this ASU require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning period and ending period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. As a result of our adoption of the new guidance, in the first quarter of 2018, our beginning and ending cash balances on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows now include restricted cash and long-term workers compensation deposits and prior period balances were retrospectively adjusted. Restricted cash and long-term workers compensation deposits are cash deposits funded to secure future claim payments under our workers compensation program and are considered restricted under Topic 230.

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraph Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SEC Update) (“ASU 2018-05”), ASU 2018-05 adds the SEC guidance released on December 22, 2017 regarding the U.S. tax reform to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. At March 31, 2018, we have not made a material adjustment to the provisional tax provision recorded under ASU 2018-05 at December 31, 2017. In addition, we have considered the impact of the statutory changes from the Act in our estimated tax rate for 2018, including reasonable estimates of those provisions effective for the 2018 tax year.

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. The new standard requires recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities for leases previously classified as operating leases. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently reviewing the guidance and assessing the impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Fair Value Measurements Fair Vlue Measurements (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]

We account for our financial assets in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 820, Fair Value Measurement. This standard defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The fair value measurement disclosures are grouped into three levels based on valuation factors:

• Level 1 - quoted prices in active markets using identical assets

• Level 2 - significant other observable inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other observable inputs

• Level 3 - significant unobservable inputs

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Accounting Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Activity and balances related to incurred but not paid workers' compensation claims

The following table provides the activity and balances related to incurred but not paid workers’ compensation claims:

	Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018			2017
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance, January 1,	$	207,630		$	183,928
Accrued claims	33,260			34,242
Present value discount	(3,360		)	(2,008		)
Paid claims	(21,686		)	(20,044		)
Ending balance	$	215,844		$	196,118
Current portion of accrued claims	$	41,827		$	41,703
Long-term portion of accrued claims	174,017			154,415
	$	215,844		$	196,118

Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geography:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,				Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(in thousands)
Northeast	$	239,278	$	204,285	$	511,642	$	440,385
Southeast	108,264		92,049		223,452		190,855
Central	153,025		131,099		321,092		273,876
Southwest	213,920		185,094		446,785		389,201
West	194,986		170,452		407,605		357,896
Other revenue(1)	12,822		12,573		26,091		26,003
Total revenue	$	922,295	$	795,552	$	1,936,667	$	1,678,216

_____________________________

⁽¹⁾ Comprised primarily of revenues generated by our other products and services offerings.

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities [Abstract]

Summary of investments in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities

The following table summarizes our cash and investments in cash equivalents and marketable securities held by investment managers and overnight investments:

	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(in thousands)
Overnight holdings
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	$	282,337		$	338,112
Investment holdings
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	17,354			22,634
Marketable securities	7,207			1,960
	306,898			362,706
Cash held in demand accounts	25,053			26,700
Outstanding checks	(16,033		)	(33,186		)
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	315,918		$	356,220
Cash and cash equivalents	$	308,711		$	354,260
Marketable securities	7,207			1,960
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	315,918		$	356,220

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Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Table Text Block]

The following tables summarize the levels of fair value measurements of our financial assets:

	Fair Value Measurements
	(in thousands)
	June 30, 2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Money market funds	$	299,691	$	299,691	$	—	$	—
Municipal bonds	7,207		—		7,207		—
Total	$	306,898	$	299,691	$	7,207	$	—

	Fair Value Measurements
	(in thousands)
	December 31, 2017		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Money market funds	$	360,746	$	360,746	$	—	$	—
Municipal bonds	1,960		—		1,960		—
Total	$	362,706	$	360,746	$	1,960	$	—

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Stockholders' Equity Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent [Abstract]

Quarterly dividends declared [Table Text Block]

The Board declared quarterly dividends as follows:

	2018		2017
	(amounts per share)
First quarter	$	0.20	$	0.125
Second quarter	0.20		0.150

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Net Income per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Summary of the net income allocated to common shares and the basic and diluted shares used in the net income per share computations

The following table summarizes the net income allocated to common shares and the basic and diluted shares used in the net income per share computations:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,						Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	24,560		$	14,018		$	74,551		$	49,646
Less distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	(346		)	(248		)	(1,064		)	(909		)
Net income allocated to common shares	$	24,214		$	13,770		$	73,487		$	48,737
Weighted average common shares outstanding	41,377			41,258			41,301			41,194
Incremental shares from assumed LTIP awards and conversions of common stock options	156			217			324			210
Adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding	41,533			41,475			41,625			41,404

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Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Oct. 01, 2010
Health Insurance Costs [Abstract]
Number of days in advance of the beginning of a reporting quarter United establishes cash funding rates			90 days
Required accumulated cash surplus	$ 9,000		$ 9,000		$ 9,000
Required deposit equal to approximately one day of claims funding activity	5,100		5,100
Amount which plan costs were less than the net premiums paid and owed	12,300		12,300
Prepaid health insurance, current	3,300		3,300
Premiums owed to United	19,000		19,000
Benefits costs incurred (reduced) related to run-off	(1,900)		(1,900)
Workers' Compensation Costs [Abstract]
Company's maximum economic burden for the first layer of claims per occurrence							$ 1,000
Company's maximum aggregate economic burden for claims in excess of 1 million per policy year							$ 5,000
Decrease Increase in accrued workers' compensation costs for changes in estimated losses			$ (10,900)	$ (8,000)
U.S. Treasury rates that correspond with the weighted average estimated claim payout period (in hundredths)			2.50%	1.50%
Incurred but not paid workers compensation liabilities [Abstract]
Beginning balance, January 1,			$ 207,630	$ 183,928
Accrued claims			33,260	34,242
Present value discount			(3,360)	(2,008)
Paid claims			(21,686)	(20,044)
Ending balance	215,844	$ 196,118	215,844	196,118
Current portion of accrued claims	41,827	41,703	41,827	41,703
Long-term portion of accrued claims	174,017	154,415	174,017	154,415	166,493
Workers compensation administrative fees accrued	3,500		3,500
Undiscounted accrued workers' compensation costs			$ 230,400	207,200
Time period incurred claims expected to be paid recorded as restricted cash			1 year
Time period incurred claims expected to be paid, included in deposits, a long-term asset			Greater than 1 year
Restricted cash	41,827	41,703	$ 41,827	41,703	41,137	$ 42,637
Deposits workers compensation	165,150	157,850	$ 165,150	157,850	$ 154,215	$ 143,938
Time period estimate of incurred claim costs to be paid included in short-term liabilities			1 year
Time period incurred claims expected to be paid, included in long-term liabilities			Greater than 1 year
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, Net	922,295	795,552	$ 1,936,667	1,678,216
Northeast [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, Net	239,278	204,285	511,642	440,385
Southeast [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, Net	108,264	92,049	223,452	190,855
Central [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, Net	153,025	131,099	321,092	273,876
Southwest [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, Net	213,920	185,094	446,785	389,201
West [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, Net	194,986	170,452	407,605	357,896
Other Revenues [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, Net	$ 12,822	$ 12,573	$ 26,091	$ 26,003

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Overnight holdings
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	$ 282,337	$ 338,112
Investment holdings
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	17,354	22,634
Marketable securities	7,207	1,960
Total cash equivalents and marketable securities	306,898	362,706
Cash held in demand accounts	25,053	26,700
Outstanding checks	(16,033)	(33,186)
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	315,918	356,220
Cash and cash equivalents	308,711	354,260	$ 241,890	$ 286,034
Marketable securities	7,207	1,960
Withholding associated with federal and state income taxes, employment taxes and other payroll deductions included in cash balance	191,900	271,500
Client prepayments included in cash balance	$ 14,000	$ 23,600

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Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Money market funds	$ 299,691	$ 360,746
Municipal bonds	7,207	1,960
Total	306,898	362,706
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Money market funds	299,691	360,746
Municipal bonds	0	0
Total	299,691	360,746
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Money market funds	0	0
Municipal bonds	7,207	1,960
Total	7,207	1,960
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Money market funds	0	0
Municipal bonds	0	0
Total	$ 0	$ 0

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Long-term Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Current borrowing capacity	$ 350,000
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 400,000
Percentage Of Subsidiary Stock Securing Debt	0.65
Long-term debt	$ 104,400	$ 104,400
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount	1,000
Line of Credit Facility, Remaining Borrowing Capacity	$ 244,600
Applicable Margin Federal Funds Rate	0.50%
Applicable Margin 30 Day Libor	2.00%
Line of Credit Facility, Unused Capacity, Commitment Fee Percentage	0.25%
Line of Credit Facility, Interest Rate During Period	3.59%
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.50%
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	2.25%
Base Rate [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	0.00%
Base Rate [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	0.50%

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Stockholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Aggregate number of shares repurchased during the period (in shares)					211,876
Shares repurchased under the program (in shares)					80,000
Authorized to repurchased additional shares under repurchase program (in shares)	2,597,564				2,597,564
Shares withheld for tax withholding obligations for the vesting of restricted stock awards (in shares)					131,876
Dividends declared per share of common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.20	$ 0.20	$ 0.150	$ 0.125
Payments of Dividends					$ 16,786	$ 11,579

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Net Income per Share (Details) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income	$ 24,560	$ 14,018	$ 74,551	$ 49,646
Less distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	346	248	1,064	909
Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders, Basic	$ 24,214	$ 13,770	$ 73,487	$ 48,737
Weighted average common shares outstanding basic (in shares)	41,377	41,258	41,301	41,194
Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect of Share-based Payment Arrangements	156	217	324	210
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted	41,533	41,475	41,625	41,404

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Commitments and Contingencies Commitments and Contingencies (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure (Details) [Abstract]
Loss Contingency Accrual, Provision	$ 0