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Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Insperity, Inc. (“Insperity” or “we”, “our”, and “us”) provides an array of human resources (“HR”) and business solutions designed to help improve business performance. Since our formation in 1986, we have evolved from being solely a professional employer organization (“PEO”), an industry we pioneered, to our current position as a comprehensive business performance solutions provider. We were organized as a corporation in 1986 and have provided PEO services since inception.

Our most comprehensive HR services offerings are provided through our Workforce Optimization^® and Workforce Synchronization^TM solutions (together, our “PEO HR Outsourcing solutions”), which encompass a broad range of human resources functions, including payroll and employment administration, employee benefits, workers’ compensation, government compliance, performance management, and training and development services, along with our cloud-based human capital management platform, the Employee Service Center^SM (“ESC”).

In addition to our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions, we offer a number of other business performance solutions, including Human Capital Management, Payroll Services, Time and Attendance, Performance Management, Organizational Planning, Recruiting Services, Employment Screening, Financial and Expense Management services, Retirement Services and Insurance Services, many of which are offered via desktop applications and cloud-based delivery models. These other products and services are offered separately, as a bundle, or along with our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions.

We provide our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions by entering into a co-employment relationship with our clients, under which Insperity and its clients each take responsibility for certain portions of the employer-employee relationship. Insperity and its clients designate each party’s responsibilities through its Client Service Agreement (“CSA”), under which Insperity becomes the employer of the employees who work at the client’s location (“worksite employees”) for most administrative and regulatory purposes.

As a co-employer of its worksite employees, we assume many of the rights and obligations associated with being an employer. We enter into an employment agreement with each worksite employee, thereby maintaining a variety of employer rights, including the right to hire or terminate employees, the right to evaluate employee qualifications or performance, and the right to establish employee compensation levels. Typically, Insperity only exercises these rights in consultation with its clients or when necessary to ensure regulatory compliance. The responsibilities associated with our role as employer include the following obligations with regard to our worksite employees: (i) to compensate its worksite employees through wages and salaries; (ii) to pay the employer portion of payroll-related taxes; (iii) to withhold and remit (where applicable) the employee portion of payroll-related taxes; (iv) to provide employee benefit programs; and (v) to provide workers’ compensation insurance coverage.

In addition to our assumption of employer status for our worksite employees, our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions also include other human resources functions for our clients to support the effective and efficient use of personnel in their business operations. To provide these functions, we maintain a significant staff of professionals trained in a wide variety of human resources functions, including employee training, employee recruiting, employee performance management, employee compensation and employer liability management. These professionals interact and consult with clients on a daily basis to help identify each client’s service requirements and to ensure that we are providing appropriate and timely personnel management services.

Revenue and Direct Cost Recognition

We account for our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions revenues in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605-45, Revenue Recognition, Principal Agent Considerations. Our PEO HR Outsourcing solutions revenues are primarily derived from our gross billings, which are based on (i) the payroll cost of its worksite employees; and (ii) a markup computed as a percentage of the payroll cost. The gross billings are invoiced concurrently with each periodic payroll of its worksite employees. Revenues, which exclude the payroll cost component of gross billings and therefore consist solely of markup, are recognized ratably over the payroll period as worksite employees perform their service at the client worksite. Revenues that have been recognized but not invoiced are included in unbilled accounts receivable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In determining the pricing of the markup component of our gross billings, we take into consideration our estimates of the costs directly associated with our worksite employees, including payroll taxes, benefits and workers’ compensation costs, plus an acceptable gross profit margin. As a result, our operating results are significantly impacted by our ability to accurately estimate, control and manage our direct costs relative to the revenues derived from the markup component of our gross billings.

Consistent with our revenue recognition policy, our direct costs do not include the payroll cost of our worksite employees. Our direct costs associated with our revenue generating activities are primarily comprised of all other costs related to our worksite employees, such as the employer portion of payroll-related taxes, employee benefit plan premiums and workers’ compensation insurance costs.

Segment Reporting

We operate one reportable segment under ASC 280, Segment Reporting.

Principles of Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Insperity, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that could potentially subject us to concentration of credit risk include accounts receivable and marketable securities.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

We invest our excess cash in federal government and municipal-based money market funds and debt instruments of U.S. municipalities. All highly liquid investments with stated maturities of three months or less from date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents. Liquid investments with stated maturities of greater than three months are classified as marketable securities in current assets.

We account for marketable securities in accordance with ASC 320, Investments – Debt and Equity Securities. We determine the appropriate classification of all marketable securities as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale or trading at the time of purchase, and re-evaluate such classification as of each balance sheet date. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, all of our investments in marketable securities were classified as available-for-sale, and as a result, were reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts from the date of purchase to maturity. Such amortization is included in interest income as an addition to or deduction from the coupon interest earned on the investments. We use the specific identification method of determining the cost basis in computing realized gains and losses on the sale of our available-for-sale securities. Realized gains and losses are included in other income.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the related assets using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives of property and equipment for purposes of computing depreciation are as follows:



Buildings and improvements		5-30 years
Computer hardware and software		2-5 years
Software development costs		3-5 years
Furniture, fixtures and other		5-7 years
Aircraft		15-20 years

Software development costs relate primarily to software coding, system interfaces and testing of our proprietary professional employer information systems and are accounted for in accordance with ASC 350-40, Internal Use Software. Capitalized software development costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the software, generally three years. We recognized $3.3 million, $4.1 million and $3.6 million in amortization of capitalized computer software costs in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Unamortized software development costs were $7.1 million and $6.0 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively.

We account for our software products in accordance with ASC 985-20, Costs of Software to be Sold. This Topic establishes standards of financial accounting and reporting for the costs of computer software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed as a separate product or as part of a product or process, whether internally developed and produced or purchased.

We periodically evaluate our long-lived assets for impairment in accordance with ASC 360-10, Property, Plant, and Equipment. ASC 360-10 requires that an impairment loss be recognized for assets to be disposed of or held-for-use when the carrying amount of an asset is deemed to not be recoverable. If events or circumstances were to indicate that any of our long-lived assets might be impaired, we would assess recoverability based on the estimated undiscounted future cash flows to be generated from the applicable asset. In addition, we may record an impairment loss to the extent that the carrying value of the asset exceeded the fair value of the asset. Fair value is generally determined using an estimate of discounted future net cash flows from operating activities or upon disposal of the asset. Due to a change in office consolidation plans, we recorded a $1.2 million non-cash charge related to office design fees in 2014.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Our purchased intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, ranging from three to 10 years.

Our goodwill and intangible assets are subject to the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. Accordingly, we perform our annual goodwill impairment testing as of December 31st of each calendar year or earlier if indicators of impairment exist on an interim basis. Step one of the impairment testing involves a comparison of the estimated fair value of a reporting unit to the related carrying value. Fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow model. If the estimated fair value is less than its related carrying value, step two of the goodwill impairment test is completed, which involves allocating the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to individual assets and liabilities. If the carrying value of goodwill is greater than the estimated fair value, an impairment exists, which results in a write-down of the goodwill to the estimated fair value. Furthermore, ASC 350 requires purchased intangible assets other than goodwill to be amortized over their useful lives unless these lives are determined to be indefinite. Please read Note 5, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” for additional information.

Health Insurance Costs

We provide group health insurance coverage to our worksite employees through a national network of carriers including UnitedHealthcare (“United”), UnitedHealthcare of California, Kaiser Permanente, Blue Shield of California, HMSA BlueCross BlueShield and Tufts, all of which provide fully insured policies or service contracts. In 2015, we terminated our relationship with Unity Health Plan.

The policy with United provides the majority of our health insurance coverage. As a result of certain contractual terms, we have accounted for this plan since its inception using a partially self-funded insurance accounting model. Accordingly, we record the cost of the United portion of the plan, including an estimate of the incurred claims, taxes and administrative fees (collectively the “Plan Costs”) as benefits expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The estimated incurred claims are based upon: (i) the level of claims processed during each quarter; (ii) estimated completion rates based upon recent claim development patterns under the plan; and (iii) the number of participants in the plan, including both active and COBRA enrollees. Each reporting period, changes in the estimated ultimate costs resulting from claim trends, plan design and migration, participant demographics and other factors are incorporated into the benefits costs.

Additionally, since the plan’s inception, under the terms of the contract, United establishes cash funding rates 90 days in advance of the beginning of a reporting quarter. If the Plan Costs for a reporting quarter are greater than the premiums paid and owed to United, a deficit in the plan would be incurred and a liability for the excess costs would be accrued in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. On the other hand, if the Plan Costs for the reporting quarter are less than the premiums paid and owed to United, a surplus in the plan would be incurred and we would record an asset for the excess premiums in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The terms of the arrangement require us to maintain an accumulated cash surplus in the plan of $9.0 million, which is reported as long-term prepaid insurance. In addition, United requires a deposit equal to approximately one day of claims funding activity, which was $3.5 million as of December 31, 2015, and is reported as a long-term asset. As of December 31, 2015, Plan Costs were less than the net premiums paid and owed to United by $2.2 million. As this amount is less than the agreed-upon $9.0 million surplus maintenance level, the $6.8 million difference is included in accrued health insurance costs, a current liability, in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, the premiums owed to United at December 31, 2015, were $3.1 million, which is also included in accrued health insurance costs, a current liability in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Workers' Compensation Costs

Workers’ Compensation Costs

Our workers’ compensation coverage has been provided through an arrangement with the ACE Group of Companies (“the ACE Program”) since 2007. The ACE Program is fully insured in that ACE has the responsibility to pay all claims incurred regardless of whether we satisfy our responsibilities. Under the ACE Program, we bear the economic burden for the first $1 million layer of claims per occurrence, and effective October 1, 2010, we also bear the economic burden for a maximum aggregate amount of $5 million per policy year for claim amounts that exceed the first $1 million. ACE bears the economic burden for all claims in excess of these levels.

Because we bear the economic burden for claims up to the levels noted above, such claims, which are the primary component of our workers’ compensation costs, are recorded in the period incurred. Workers’ compensation insurance includes ongoing health care and indemnity coverage whereby claims are paid over numerous years following the date of injury. Accordingly, the accrual of related incurred costs in each reporting period includes estimates, which take into account the ongoing development of claims and therefore requires a significant level of judgment.

We employ a third party actuary to estimate our loss development rate, which is primarily based upon the nature of worksite employees’ job responsibilities, the location of worksite employees, the historical frequency and severity of workers compensation claims, and an estimate of future cost trends. Each reporting period, changes in the actuarial assumptions resulting from changes in actual claims experience and other trends are incorporated into our workers’ compensation claims cost estimates. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, we reduced accrued workers’ compensation costs by $1.3 million and $2.9 million, respectively, for changes in estimated losses related to prior reporting periods. Workers’ compensation cost estimates are discounted to present value at a rate based upon the U.S. Treasury rates that correspond with the weighted average estimated claim payout period (the average discount rate utilized in both 2015 and 2014 was 1.0%) and are accreted over the estimated claim payment period and included as a component of direct costs in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following table provides the activity and balances related to incurred but not reported workers’ compensation claims:



	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	136,088		$	120,833
Accrued claims	67,559			55,971
Present value discount	(3,095		)	(1,998		)
Paid claims	(38,368		)	(38,718		)
Ending balance	$	162,184		$	136,088

Current portion of accrued claims	$	37,438		$	44,040
Long-term portion of accrued claims	124,746			92,048
	$	162,184		$	136,088

The current portion of accrued workers’ compensation costs at December 31, 2015 and 2014 includes $1.6 million of workers’ compensation administrative fees in both periods.

As of December 31, the undiscounted accrued workers’ compensation costs were $172.3 million in 2015 and $145.8 million in 2014.

At the beginning of each policy period, the insurance carrier establishes monthly funding requirements comprised of premium costs and funds to be set aside for payment of future claims (“claim funds”). The level of claim funds is primarily based upon anticipated worksite employee payroll levels and expected workers’ compensation loss rates, as determined by the insurance carrier. Monies funded into the program for incurred claims expected to be paid within one year are recorded as restricted cash, a short-term asset, while the remainder of claim funds are included in deposits, a long-term asset in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In 2015, we received $5.3 million for the return of excess claim funds related to the workers’ compensation program, which decreased deposits. As of December 31, 2015, we had restricted cash of $37.4 million and deposits of $136.5 million.

Our estimate of incurred claim costs expected to be paid within one year is included in short-term liabilities, while our estimate of incurred claim costs expected to be paid beyond one year are included in long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Stock-Based Compensation

At December 31, 2015, we have two stock-based employee compensation plans under which we may issue awards. We account for these plans under the recognition and measurement principles of ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values.

We generally make annual grants of restricted and unrestricted stock under our stock-based incentive compensation plans to our directors, officers and other management. Restricted stock grants to officers and other management vest over three to five years from the date of grant. Restricted stock grants issued to directors upon their initial appointment to the board are one-third vested on each anniversary of the grant date. Annual stock grants issued to directors are 100% vested on the grant date. Shares of restricted stock are based on fair value on date of grant and the associated expense, net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized over the vesting period.

In 2015, we adopted the Insperity Long-Term Incentive Program (the “LTIP”). The LTIP provides for performance based long-term compensation awards in the form of performance units to certain employees based on the achievement of pre-established performance goals. Each performance unit represents the right to receive one common share at a future date based on our performance against certain targets. Performance units have a vesting schedule of three years. The fair value of each performance unit is the market price of our common stock on the date of grant. The compensation expense for such awards is recognized on a straight line basis over the vesting term. Over the performance period the number of shares expected to be issued is adjusted upward or downward based on the probability of achievement of the performance target.

Company-Sponsored 401(k) Plans

Company-Sponsored 401(k) Retirement Plans

Under our 401(k) retirement plan for corporate employees (the “Corporate Plan”), we matched 50% of eligible corporate employees’ contributions, up to 6% of the employees’ eligible compensation in 2015, 2014 and 2013. Under our separate 401(k) retirement plan for worksite employees (the “Worksite Employee Plan”), the match percentage for worksite employees ranges from 0% to 6%, as determined by each client company. Matching contributions under the Corporate Plan and the Worksite Employee Plan are immediately vested. During 2015, 2014 and 2013, we made matching contributions to the Corporate and Worksite Employee Plans of $98.7 million, $81.5 million and $74.7 million, respectively. Of these contributions, $95.3 million, $78.4 million and $71.7 million were made under the Worksite Employee Plan on behalf of worksite employees. The remainder represents matching contributions made under the Corporate Plan on behalf of corporate employees.

Advertising

We expense all advertising costs as incurred.

Income Taxes

We use the liability method in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and income tax carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.

Reclassification, Policy

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2015 presentation.

New Accounting Pronouncements

We believe that we have implemented the accounting pronouncements with a material impact on our financial statements.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards (“FASB”) Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU No. 2014-09 outlines a single comprehensive revenue recognition model for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. Under ASU No. 2014-09, an entity recognizes revenue for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration for which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU No. 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is not permitted. Companies may use either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt ASU No. 2014-09. We are currently evaluating the guidance and have not determined the impact this standard may have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which requires companies to present deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities, along with any valuation allowance, as noncurrent in a classified balance sheet instead of the current requirement to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts. ASU 2015-17 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted either prospectively or retrospectively. In December 2015, we adopted ASU No. 2015-17 retrospectively, resulting in a reclassification of a $6.3 million deferred tax asset from current to long term in 2014.