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Revenue (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Grants, U.S. Government Contract and Joint Venture [Abstract]  
Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Unbilled Services, and Deferred Revenue During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, changes in the Company's accounts receivables, deferred revenue, and allowance for doubtful accounts balances were as follows (in thousands):
Balance, Beginning of PeriodAdditionsDeductions Balance, End of Period
Accounts receivable:
Year ended December 31, 2023
$96,210 $1,472,768 $(1,264,062)$304,916 
Year ended December 31, 2022
454,993 1,768,457 (2,127,240)96,210 
Allowance for doubtful accounts(1):
Year ended December 31, 2023
(13,835)— 6,159 (7,676)
Year ended December 31, 2022
— (13,835)— (13,835)
Deferred revenue(2):
Year ended December 31, 2023
549,551 581,569 
(267,599)(3)
863,521 
Year ended December 31, 2022
1,595,472 46,908 (1,092,829)549,551 
(1)    Bad debt expense was $13.8 million in the year ended 2022. There was no bad debt expense in the year ended December 31, 2023 or 2021. There was a $6.2 million reversal of a bad debt expense during the year ended December 31, 2023 due to the collection of a previously recognized allowance for doubtful accounts. To estimate the allowance for doubtful accounts, the Company evaluates the credit risk related to its customers based on historical loss experience, economic conditions, the aging of receivables, and customer-specific risks.

(2)    Deductions from Deferred revenue generally related to the recognition of revenue once performance obligations on a contract with a customer are met. Amount is comprised of $241.3 million, $0.4 billion, and $1.4 billion current Deferred
revenue and $622.2 million, $179.4 million, and $172.5 million non-current Deferred revenue as of December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively.

(3)    In 2023, deductions from Deferred revenue included $151.1 million that was realized in Revenue and $112.5 million related to the Amended and Restated UK Supply Agreement (as described below), that was reclassified to Other current liabilities, as described below. In 2022, deduction from Deferred revenue included $273.8 million that was realized in Revenue and $819.0 million, including $697.4 million related to the Advance Payment Amount (as described below) related to the Gavi arbitration and $112.5 million related to the Amended and Restated UK Supply Agreement, that was reclassified to Other current liabilities, as described below.
Schedule of Product Revenue
Product revenue by the Company’s customer’s geographic location was as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
North America
$29,959 194,480 
Europe268,361 823,542 
Rest of the world
233,069 536,939 
Total product revenue$531,389 $1,554,961 
Schedule of Grant Revenue
The Company recognized grant revenue as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
USG Agreement
$427,323 $380,996 $788,953 
U.S. DoD
— 1,925 21,683 
CEPI
— — 135,445 
Other grant revenue
— — 2,628 
Total grant revenue$427,323 $382,921 $948,709 
Schedule of Revenue Gross to Net Deductions Balances
During the year ended December 31, 2023, changes in the Company’s gross-to-net deductions balances were as follows (in thousands):
Wholesale Distributor Fees, Discounts, and Chargebacks
Product Returns
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2022$— $— $— 
Amounts charged against product sales
47,028 $84,688 $131,716 
Payments
$(25,956)$(72)$(26,028)
Balance as of December 31, 2023$21,072 $84,616 $105,688