The Company's accounts receivable included $53.8 million and $419.7 million related to amounts that were billed to customers and $28.6 million and $35.3 million related to amounts which had not yet been billed to customers as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, changes in the Company's accounts receivables, deferred revenue, and allowance for doubtful accounts balances were as follows (in thousands):


	Balance, Beginning of Period		Additions		Deductions		Balance, End of Period
Accounts receivable:
Year ended December 31, 2022	$	454,993	$	1,768,457	$	(2,127,240)	$	96,210
Year ended December 31, 2021	262,012		2,432,268		(2,239,287)		454,993
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
Year ended December 31, 2022	—		(13,835)(1)		—		(13,835)
Year ended December 31, 2021	—		—		—		—
Deferred revenue(2):
Year ended December 31, 2022	1,595,472		46,908		(1,092,829)(3)		549,551
Year ended December 31, 2021	273,228		1,598,152		(275,908)		1,595,472

(3) Deductions from Deferred revenue include the following: $273.8 million that was realized in Revenue and $819.0 million, including $697.4 million related to the Advance Payment Amount (as described below) at issue in the Gavi arbitration and $112.5 million related to the Amended and Restated UK Supply Agreement, that was reclassified to Other current liabilities, as described below. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $41.9 million related to a change in estimate attributed to changes in constraint of variable consideration.

The aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that were unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied), excluding amounts related to sales-based royalties, was approximately $3 billion as of December 31, 2022, which excludes amounts related to the Company’s APA (“the Gavi APA”) with Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (“Gavi”) and the reduction in doses related to the Amended and Restated UK Supply Agreement, as defined below. Failure to meet regulatory milestones, obtain timely supportive recommendations from governmental advisory committees, or achieve product volume or delivery timing obligations under the Company’s APAs may require the Company to refund portions of upfront payments or result in reduced future payments, which could adversely impact the Company’s ability to realize revenue from its unsatisfied performance obligations. The timing to fulfill performance obligations related to grant agreements will depend on the results of the Company's research and development activities, including clinical trials, and delivery of doses. The timing to fulfill performance obligations related to APAs will depend on timing of product manufacturing, receipt of marketing authorizations for additional indications, delivery of doses based on customer demand, and the ability of the customer to request variant vaccine in place of the prototype NVX-CoV2373 vaccine under certain of the Company’s APAs. The remaining unfilled performance obligations not related to grant agreements or APAs are expected to be fulfilled in less than one year.

Under the terms of the Gavi APA and a separate purchase agreement between Gavi and Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. (“SIIPL”), 1.1 billion doses of NVX-CoV2373 were to be made available to countries participating in the COVAX Facility. The Company expected to manufacture and distribute 350 million doses of NVX-CoV2373 to countries participating under the COVAX Facility. Under a separate purchase agreement with Gavi, SIIPL was expected to manufacture and deliver

the balance of the 1.1 billion doses of NVX-CoV2373 for low- and middle-income countries participating in the COVAX Facility. The Company expected to deliver doses with antigen and adjuvant manufactured at facilities directly funded under the Company's funding agreement with CEPI, with initial doses supplied by SIIPL and Serum Life Sciences Limited (“SLS”) under a supply agreement. The Company expected to supply significant doses that Gavi would allocate to low-, middle- and high-income countries, subject to certain limitations, utilizing a tiered pricing schedule and Gavi could prioritize such doses to low- and middle- income countries, at lower prices. Additionally, the Company could provide additional doses of NVX-CoV2373, to the extent available from CEPI funded manufacturing facilities, in the event that SIIPL could not materially deliver expected vaccine doses to the COVAX Facility. Under the agreement, the Company received an upfront payment of $350.0 million from Gavi in 2021 and an additional payment of $350.0 million in the first quarter of 2022 related to the Company’s achieving EUL for NVX-CoV2373 by the WHO (the “Advance Payment Amount”).

On November 18, 2022, the Company delivered written notice to Gavi to terminate the Gavi APA on the basis of Gavi’s failure to procure the purchase of 350 million doses of NVX-CoV2373 from the Company as required by the Gavi APA. As of November 18, 2022, the Company had only received orders under the Gavi APA for approximately 2 million doses. On December 2, 2022, Gavi issued a written notice purporting to terminate the Gavi APA based on Gavi’s contention that the Company repudiated the agreement and, therefore, materially breached the Gavi APA. Gavi also contends that, based on its purported termination of the Gavi APA, it is entitled to a refund of the Advance Payment Amount less any amounts that have been credited against the purchase price for binding orders placed by a buyer participating in the COVAX Facility. As of December 31, 2022, the remaining Gavi Advance Payment Amount of $697.4 million, pending resolution of the dispute with Gavi related to a return of the remaining Advance Payment Amount, was reclassified from Deferred revenue to Other current liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. On January 24, 2023, Gavi filed a demand for arbitration with the International Court of Arbitration based on the claims described above. The Company’s response is currently due by March 2, 2023. Arbitration is inherently uncertain, and while the Company believes that it is entitled to retain the remaining Advance Payment Amount received from Gavi, it is possible that it could be required to refund all or a portion of the remaining Advance Payment Amount from Gavi.

The Company has an APA with the European Commission (“EC”) acting on behalf of various European Union member states to supply a minimum of 20 million and up to 100 million initial doses of NVX-CoV2373, with the option for the EC to purchase an additional 100 million doses up to a maximum aggregate of 200 million doses in one or more tranches, through 2023. Under the terms of the APA, the Company agreed to manufacture the vaccine in facilities located in the European Union and ensure continued efficacy of the vaccine against variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Pursuant to the terms of the APA, the Company is prohibited from supplying NVX-CoV2373 to any third party if such delivery would impede or limit the fulfillment of the Company’s obligations to the European Commission under the APA, except with respect to the Company’s obligations under the Gavi APA. In 2022, the Company was notified by the EC that it was cancelling approximately 7 million doses of its prior commitment originally scheduled for delivery in the first and second quarters of 2022, in accordance with the APA, and reducing the order to approximately 63 million doses. In January 2023, the Company finalized a revised delivery schedule for the remaining 20 million committed doses under the APA that were originally scheduled for delivery during the first and second quarters of 2022 and are expected to be delivered in 2023.

In July 2022, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Supply Agreement (as amended on September 26, 2022, the “Amended and Restated UK Supply Agreement”) with The Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (as assigned to the UK Health Security Agency), acting on behalf of the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the “Authority”), which amended and restated in its entirety the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Supply Agreement, dated October 22, 2020, between the parties (the “Original UK Supply Agreement”). Under the Original UK Supply Agreement, the Authority agreed to purchase 60 million doses of NVX-CoV2373 and made an

upfront payment to the Company. Under the terms of the Amended and Restated UK Supply Agreement, the Authority agreed to purchase a minimum of 1 million doses and up to an additional 15 million doses (the “Conditional Doses”) of NVX-CoV2373, with the number of Conditional Doses contingent on, and subject to reduction based on, the Company’s timely achievement of supportive recommendations from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (the “JCVI”) that is approved by the UK Secretary of State for Health, with respect to use of the vaccine for (a) the general adult population as part of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster campaign in the United Kingdom or (b) the general adolescent population as part of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster campaign in the United Kingdom or as a primary series SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, excluding where that recommendation relates only to one or more population groups comprising less than one million members in the United Kingdom. If the Authority does not purchase the Conditional Doses or the number of such Conditional Doses is reduced below 15 million doses of NVX-CoV2373, the Company would have to repay up to $225.0 million related to the upfront payment previously received from the Authority under the Original UK Supply Agreement. Under the Amended and Restated UK Supply Agreement, the Authority also has the option to purchase up to an additional 44 million doses, in one or more tranches, through 2024.

As of November 30, 2022, the JCVI had not yet made a supportive recommendation with respect to NVX-CoV2373, thereby triggering, under the terms of the Amended and Restated UK Supply Agreement, (i) a reduction of the number of Conditional Doses from 15 million doses to 7.5 million doses, which reduced number of Conditional Doses are contingent on, and subject to further reduction based on, the Company’s timely achievement by November 30, 2023 of a supportive recommendation from JCVI that is approved by the UK Secretary of State for Health as described in the paragraph above, and (ii) an obligation of the Company to repay $112.5 million related to the upfront payment previously received from the Authority under the Original UK Supply Agreement, which is reflected in Other current liabilities, with the remaining upfront payment balance of $112.5 million reflected in current Deferred revenue.

In July 2020, the Company entered into a Project Agreement (the “Project Agreement”) with Advanced Technology International, Inc. (“ATI”), the Consortium Management Firm acting on behalf of the Medical CBRN Defense Consortium in connection with the partnership formerly known as Operation Warp Speed. Operation Warp Speed was a partnership among components of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of Defense working to accelerate the development, manufacturing, and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics. The Project Agreement relates to the Base Agreement the Company entered into with ATI in June 2020 (the “Base Agreement,” together with the Project Agreement, the “USG Agreement”). The original USG Agreement required the Company to conduct certain clinical, regulatory, and other activities, including a pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of NVX-CoV2373, and to manufacture and deliver to the U.S. government 100 million doses of the vaccine candidate. Funding under the USG Agreement is payable to the Company for various development, clinical trial, manufacturing, regulatory, and other activities. The USG Agreement contains terms and conditions that are customary for U.S. government agreements of this nature, including provisions giving the U.S. government the right to terminate the Base Agreement or the Project Agreement based on a reasonable determination that the funded project will not produce beneficial results commensurate with the expenditure of resources and that termination would be in the U.S. government’s interest. If the Project Agreement is terminated prior to completion, the Company is entitled to be paid for work performed and costs or obligations incurred prior to termination and consistent with the terms of the USG Agreement. In July 2022, the Company entered into a modification to the USG Agreement that amended the terms of such agreement to provide for (i) an initial delivery to the U.S. government of approximately 3 million doses of NVX-CoV2373 and (ii) any additional manufacture and delivery to the U.S. government up to an aggregate of 100 million doses of NVX-CoV2373 contemplated by the original USG Agreement (inclusive of the initial batch of

Under the USG Agreement, the Company was originally entitled to funding of up to $1.75 billion to support certain activities related to the development of NVX-CoV2373 and the manufacture and delivery of the vaccine candidate to the U.S. government. In subsequent modifications, the Company's USG Agreement was amended to increase the contract funding and ceiling to $1.8 billion, which allows the Company to make expenditures or incur obligations of up to $1.8 billion for support of the USG Agreement. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had recognized $1.4 billion in revenue related to the USG Agreement since the inception of the contract, leaving $0.4 billion remaining to spend.

In June 2020, the Company entered into a letter contract that was later amended in January 2021 (the “DoD Contract”) with the DoD Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (“JPEO-CRBND-EB”), under which JPEO-CRBND-EB agreed to provide funding of up to $45.7 million to the Company to support the manufacture of NVX-CoV2373. The Company is authorized to make expenditures or incur obligations up to the full amount of the funding.

Under the DoD Contract, the Company originally expected to deliver 10 million doses of NVX-CoV2373 to the DoD. The 10 million doses of NVX-CoV2373 could be used in Phase 2/3 clinical trials or under an EUA, if approved by the FDA. Pursuant to the DoD Contract, after NVX-CoV2373 is approved by the FDA, the DoD is entitled to most-favored customer status for a period of five years from the award of the DoD Contract, meaning that the Company cannot give any comparable commercial client in the United States more favorable pricing than the DoD under similar transactional circumstances. In July 2022, the Company modified its existing agreement with the DoD and delivered 0.2 million doses of NVX-CoV2373 after receipt of EUA approval from the FDA, with delivery of the remaining 9.8 million doses of NVX-CoV2373 contemplated by the original agreement subject to DoD demand and available funding. The term of the DoD Contract expired in December 2022.

In May 2020, the Company entered into a restated funding agreement which was amended in November 2020 with CEPI, under which CEPI agreed to provide funding of up to $399.5 million to the Company to support the development of NVX-CoV2373. The agreement provides up to $257.0 million in CEPI Grant Funding and up to $142.5 million in CEPI Forgivable Loan Funding, which are loans in the form of one or more forgivable no-interest term loans in order to prepay certain manufacturing activities and are not subject to restrictive or financial covenants. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had recognized total revenue related to CEPI of $358.6 million, with the unused amounts primarily related to CEPI Forgivable Loan Funding. Payments received under the CEPI Forgivable Loan Funding are only repayable if NVX-CoV2373 manufactured by the CMO network funded by CEPI is sold to one or more third parties (which would have previously included, but is not limited to, any sales under the Company’s Gavi APA prior to its termination), and such sales cover the Company’s costs of manufacturing such vaccine, not including manufacturing costs funded by CEPI. The timing and amount of any loan repayments is currently uncertain.

adjuvant and the Company granted SIIPL a non-exclusive license to manufacture the antigen drug substance component of NVX-CoV2373 in SIIPL’s licensed territory solely for use in the manufacture of NVX-CoV2373. The Company and SIIPL equally split the revenue from SIIPL’s sale of NVX-CoV2373 in its licensed territory, net of agreed costs. The Company granted to SIIPL (i) an exclusive license in India during the agreement and (ii) a non-exclusive license (a) during the “Pandemic Period” (as declared by the WHO) in all countries other than specified countries designated by the World Bank as upper-middle or high-income countries, with respect to which the Company retains rights, and (b) after the Pandemic Period, in only those countries designated as low or middle-income by the World Bank. Following the Pandemic Period, the Company may notify SIIPL of any bona fide opportunities for the Company to license NVX-CoV2373 to a third party in such low and middle-income countries and SIIPL would have an opportunity to match or improve such third-party terms, failing which, the Company would have the discretion to remove one or more non-exclusive countries from SIIPL’s license. The Company also has a supply agreement with SIIPL and SLS under which SIIPL and SLS supply the Company with NVX-CoV2373 for commercialization and sale in certain territories, as well as a contract development manufacture agreement with SLS, under which SLS manufactures and supplies finished vaccine product to the Company using antigen drug substance and Matrix-M™ adjuvant supplied by the Company. In May and August 2022, the Company expanded its license and supply arrangements with SIIPL to include its proprietary COVID-19 variant antigen candidate(s), its quadrivalent influenza vaccine candidate, and its CIC vaccine candidate, so that SIIPL can manufacture and commercialize a vaccine targeting COVID-19 variants, including the Omicron subvariants, a quadrivalent influenza vaccine, and CIC vaccine, and supply such vaccines to the Company. In March 2020, the Company granted SIIPL a non-exclusive license for the use of Matrix-M™ adjuvant supplied by the Company to develop, manufacture, and commercialize R21, a malaria candidate developed by the Jenner Institute, University of Oxford.

The Company has a collaboration and license agreement with Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (“Takeda”) under which the Company granted Takeda an exclusive license to develop, manufacture, and commercialize NVX-CoV2373 in Japan. Under the agreement, Takeda purchases Matrix-M™ adjuvant from the Company to manufacture doses of NVX-CoV2373 and the Company is entitled to receive payments from Takeda based on the achievement of certain development and commercial milestones, as well as a portion of net profits from the sale of NVX-CoV2373. In September 2021, Takeda finalized an agreement with the Government of Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare ("MHLW") for the purchase of 150 million doses of NVX-CoV2373. In February 2023, MHLW cancelled the remainder of doses under its agreement with Takeda. As a result, it is uncertain whether the Company will receive future payments from Takeda under the terms and conditions of their current collaboration and licensing agreement. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2020, the Company recognized $20.0 million upon the sale of NVX-CoV2373 in Japan and $20.0 million related to a development and commercial milestone payment, respectively, which are included in Royalties and other revenue on the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company has a collaboration and license agreement with SK bioscience, Co., Ltd. (“SK bioscience”) to manufacture and commercialize NVX-CoV2373 for sale to the governments of South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam. SK bioscience finalized an APA with the Korean government to supply 40 million doses of NVX-CoV2373 to the Republic of Korea beginning in 2021. SK bioscience pays a royalty in the low to middle double-digit range. Additionally, the Company has a manufacturing supply arrangement with SK bioscience under which SK bioscience supplies the Company with the antigen component of NVX-CoV2373 for use in the final drug product globally, including product to be distributed by the COVAX Facility, which was established to allocate and distribute vaccines equitably to participating countries and economies. In July 2022, the Company signed an additional agreement with SK bioscience for the technology transfer of the Company’s proprietary COVID-19 variant antigen materials so that SK bioscience can manufacture the drug substance targeting COVID-19 variants, including the Omicron subvariants. The companies also signed an agreement to manufacture and supply NVX-CoV2373 in a prefilled syringe.

On September 30, 2022, the Company, FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies UK Limited (“FDBK”), FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies Texas, LLC (“FDBT”), and FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies USA, Inc. (“FDBU” and together with FDBK and FDBT, “Fujifilm”) entered into a Confidential Settlement Agreement and Release (the “Fujifilm Settlement Agreement”) regarding amounts due to Fujifilm in connection with the termination of manufacturing activity at FDBT under the Commercial Supply Agreement (the “Fujifilm CSA”) dated August 20, 2021 and Master Services Agreement dated June 30, 2020 and associated statements of work (the “Fujifilm MSA”) by and between the Company and Fujifilm. The Fujifilm MSA

Pursuant to the Fujifilm Settlement Agreement, the Company is responsible for payment of up to $185.0 million (the “Settlement Payment”) to Fujifilm in connection with cancellation of manufacturing activity at FDBT under the Fujifilm CSA, of which (i) $47.8 million, constituting the initial reservation fee under the Fujifilm CSA, was credited against the Settlement Payment on September 30, 2022 and (ii) the remaining balance is to be paid in four equal quarterly installments of $34.3 million each beginning March 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the remaining payment of $137.2 million was reflected in Accrued expenses. Under the Fujifilm Settlement Agreement, Fujifilm is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to mitigate the losses associated with the vacant manufacturing capacity caused by the termination of manufacturing activities at FDBT under the Fujifilm CSA, and the final two quarterly installments will be mitigated by any replacement revenue achieved by Fujifilm between July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2023. The Settlement Payment is less than amounts previously recognized as embedded lease expense and reflected in Research and development expense from FDBT manufacturing activity under the Fujifilm CSA prior to the Fujifilm Settlement Agreement and accordingly, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a benefit of $98.3 million as Research and development expense (see Note 10).

Except with respect to certain limited activities agreed upon by the parties, the Fujifilm MSA terminated with respect to all activities in FDBU and FDBT on October 21, 2022 and the impact of the termination was determined in accordance with the provisions of the Fujifilm MSA. The terms and conditions of the Fujifilm MSA and Fujifilm CSA will remain in full force and effect with respect to the ongoing activities at FDBK. In addition, the Company and Fujifilm mutually released all claims relating to (i) the cancellation of batches to be manufactured at FDBT under the Fujifilm MSA or Fujifilm CSA, (ii) FDBT facility idle time in 2022, (iii) failure to complete product performance qualification testing of batches manufactured by Fujifilm by December 2021, and (iv) any obligation by Fujifilm to reserve capacity or manufacture batches at FDBT for the benefit of the Company under the Fujifilm MSA or Fujifilm CSA.