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Income Tax Expense
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax Expense

13. INCOME TAX EXPENSE

The effective tax rates for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were 19.8% and 16.6%, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were (61.7)% and 17.3%, respectively. The income tax expense of $4.8 million in the second quarter of 2019 decreased by $0.2 million compared to $5 million in the same period in 2018, due to the result of several items discrete to each quarter, along with changes in activity levels in jurisdictions with differing tax rates. Tax expense included a net tax benefit of $58.5 million which resulted from a corporate restructuring in the first quarter and tax expense of $26.7 million related to unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries that we no longer consider to be indefinitely reinvested, each of which was a discrete item in the first quarter of 2019.