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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Change to Bank Holding Company Accounting

Change to Bank Holding Company Accounting

As described above, effective April 2, 2018, the Company withdrew its previous election to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. Prior to such time, the Company was a closed-end, non-diversified management investment company that had elected to be treated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. Accordingly, commencing with the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company (which now consolidates the results of Medallion Bank and its other subsidiaries) reports in accordance with Bank Holding Company Accounting; periods prior to such change in status are reported in accordance with Investment Company Accounting. Significant accounting policies that differ between such periods are described in more detail below.
Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the US (GAAP) requires management to make estimates that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Accounting estimates and assumptions are those that management considers to be the most critical to an understanding of the consolidated financial statements because they inherently involve significant judgments and uncertainties. All of these estimates reflect management’s best judgment about current economic and market conditions and their effects based on information available as of the date of these consolidated financial statements. If such conditions change, it is reasonably possible that the judgments and estimates could change, which may result in future impairments of loans and other receivables, investments other than securities, loans held for sale, and investments, among other effects.
Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly-owned and controlled subsidiaries commencing with the three months ended June 30, 2018. All significant intercompany transactions, balances, and profits (losses) have been eliminated in consolidation. Prior to the Company’s election to withdraw from being regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act effective April 2, 2018, Medallion Bank and various other Company subsidiaries were not consolidated with the Company prior to the three months ended June 30, 2018, and as such see Note 6 for the presentation of financial information for Medallion Bank and other controlled subsidiaries for such prior periods.
Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with an original purchased maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash balances are generally held in accounts at large national or regional banking organizations in amounts that exceed the federally insured limits.
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

The Company follows FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, (FASB ASC 820), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. FASB ASC 820 defines fair value as an exit price (i.e. a price that would be received to sell, as opposed to acquire, an asset or transfer a liability), and emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement. It establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent external sources and the reporting entity’s own assumptions. Further, it specifies that fair value measurement should consider adjustment for risk, such as the risk inherent in the valuation technique or its inputs. See also Notes 14 and 15 to the consolidated financial statements.
Equity Investments

Equity Investments

Equity investments of $10,773,000 at June 30, 2018, comprised mainly of nonmarketable stock and stock warrants, are recorded at cost and are evaluated for impairment periodically. Prior to April 2, 2018, equity investments were recorded at fair value, represented as cost, plus or minus unrealized appreciation or depreciation. The fair value of investments that had no ready market were determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, based upon the financial condition and operating performance of the underlying investee companies as well as general market trends for businesses in the same industry. Included in the equity investments were non-marketable securities of $9,521,000 at December 31, 2017.
Investment Securities (Bank Holding Company Accounting)

Investment Securities (Bank Holding Company Accounting)

The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 320, Investments–Debt and Equity Securities (ASC 320), which requires that all applicable investments in equity securities with readily determinable fair values, and debt securities be classified as trading securities, available-for-sale securities, or held-to-maturity securities. Investment securities are purchased from time-to-time in the open market at prices that are greater or lesser than the par value of the investment. The resulting premium or discount is deferred and recognized on a level yield basis as an adjustment to the yield of the related investment. The net premium on investment securities totaled $212,000, and $21,000 was amortized to interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Medallion Bank, a previously unconsolidated subsidiary under Investment Company Accounting for the period had net premium on investment securities of $265,000, and $20,000 and $40,000 was amortized to interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017. Refer to Note 3 for more details. ASC 320 further requires that held-to-maturity securities be reported at amortized cost and available-for-sale securities be reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings at the date of the financial statements, and reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of shareholder’s equity, net of the effect of income taxes, until they are sold. At the time of sale, any gains or losses, calculated by the specific identification method, will be recognized as a component of operating results and any amounts previously included in shareholder’s equity, which were recorded net of the income tax effect, will be reversed.
Other Investment Valuation (Investment Company Accounting)

Other Investment Valuation (Investment Company Accounting)

Prior to April 2, 2018, under the 1940 Act, the Company’s investment in Medallion Bank, as a wholly owned portfolio investment, was subject to quarterly assessments of fair value. The Company conducted a thorough valuation analysis, and also received an opinion regarding the valuation from an independent third party to assist the Board of Directors in its determination of the fair value of Medallion Bank on at least an annual basis. The Company’s analysis included factors such as various regulatory restrictions that were established at Medallion Bank’s inception, by the FDIC and State of Utah, and also by additional regulatory restrictions, such as the prior moratorium imposed by the Dodd-Frank Act on the acquisition of control of an industrial bank by a “commercial firm” (a company whose gross revenues are primarily derived from non-financial activities) which expired in July 2013 and the lack of any new charter issuances since the moratorium’s expiration. Because of these restrictions and other factors, the Company’s Board of Directors had previously determined that Medallion Bank had little value beyond its recorded book value. As a result of this valuation process, the Company had previously used Medallion Bank’s actual results of operations as the best estimate of changes in fair value, and recorded the results as a component of unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments. In the 2015 second quarter, the Company first became aware of external interest in Medallion Bank and its portfolio assets at values in excess of their book value. Expression of interest in Medallion Bank from both investment bankers and interested parties has continued. The Company incorporated these new factors in the Medallion Bank’s fair value analysis and the Board of Directors determined that Medallion Bank had a fair value in excess of book value. In addition, in the 2016 third quarter there was a court ruling involving a marketplace lender that the Company believes heightens the interest of marketplace lenders to acquire or merge with Utah industrial banks. The Company also engaged a valuation specialist to assist the Board of Directors in their determination of Medallion Bank’s fair value, and this appreciation of $15,500,000 was thereby recorded in 2015, and additional appreciation of $128,918,000 was recorded in 2016, $7,849,000 was recorded in 2017, and $39,826,000 was recorded in the first quarter of 2018. Refer to Note 6 for additional details.

At December 31, 2017, there were non-marketable securities of $302,147,000 related to portfolio investments in controlled subsidiaries that were not consolidated with the Company. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuations, the Board of Directors’ estimates of the values of the investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and the differences could be material.
Loans

Loans

The Company’s loans are currently reported at the principal amount outstanding, inclusive of deferred loan acquisition costs, which primarily includes deferred fees paid to loan originators, and which is amortized to interest income over the life of the loan. Effective April 2, 2018, the existing loan balances were recharged at fair value in connection with the change in reporting, and balances, net of reserves, became the fair value opening balances.

Loan origination fees and certain direct origination costs are deferred and recognized as an adjustment to the yield of the related loans. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, net loan origination costs were $13,696,000 and $90,000 ($11,187,000 when combined with Medallion Bank). Net amortization to income for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1,040,000 and $18,000 ($852,000 when combined with Medallion Bank), and was $1,053,000 ($1,918,000 when combined with Medallion Bank) and $38,000 ($1,701,000 when combined with Medallion Bank) for the comparable six month periods.

Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. Taxicab medallion and commercial loans are placed on nonaccrual status, and all uncollected accrued interest is reversed, when there is doubt as to the collectability of interest or principal, or if loans are 90 days or more past due, unless management has determined that they are both well-secured and in the process of collection. Interest income on nonaccrual loans is generally recognized when cash is received, unless a determination has been made to apply all cash receipts to principal. The consumer portfolio has different characteristics, typified by a larger number of lower dollar loans that have similar characteristics. A loan is considered to be impaired, or nonperforming, when based on current information and events, it is likely the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the original loan agreement. Management considers loans that are in bankruptcy status, but have not been charged-off, to be impaired. These loans are placed on nonaccrual, when they become 90 days past due, or earlier if they enter bankruptcy, and are charged off in their entirety when deemed uncollectible, or when they become 120 days past due, whichever occurs first, at which time appropriate collection and recovery efforts against both the borrower and the underlying collateral are initiated. For the recreational consumer loan portfolio, the process to repossess the collateral is started at 60 days past due. If the collateral is not located and the account reaches 120 days delinquent, the account is charged off. If the collateral is repossessed, a loss is recorded to write the collateral down to its fair value less selling costs, and the collateral is sent to auction. When the collateral is sold, the net auction proceeds are applied to the account, and any remaining balance is written off. Proceeds collected on charged off accounts are recorded as a recovery. Total loans more than 90 days past due were $15,161,000 at June 30, 2018, or 1.32% of the total loan portfolio, compared to $60,450,000, or 18.9% at December 31, 2017.

Loan collateral in process of foreclosure primarily includes taxicab medallion loans that have reached 120 days past due and have been charged down to their net realizable value, in addition to consumer repossessed collateral in the process of being sold. The taxicab medallion loan component reflects that the collection activities on the loans have transitions from working with the borrower to the liquidation of the collateral securing the loans.

The Company had $126,052,000 and $183,529,000 of net loans pledged as collateral under borrowing arrangements at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The Company accounted for its sales of loans in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing (FASB ASC 860) which provides accounting and reporting standards for transfers and servicing of financial assets and extinguishments of liabilities. In accordance with FASB ASC 860, the Company had elected the fair value measurement method for its servicing assets and liabilities. The principal portion of loans serviced for others by the Company and its affiliates was $26,583,000 at June 30, 2018 and $338,867,000 at December 31, 2017, which included $311,988,000 of loans serviced for Medallion Bank. The Company had evaluated the servicing aspect of its business in accordance with FASB ASC 860, most of which relates to servicing assets held by Medallion Bank, and determined that no material servicing asset or liability existed as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company assigned its servicing rights to the Medallion Bank portfolio to MSC. The costs of servicing were allocated to MSC by the Company, and the servicing fee income was billed to and collected from Medallion Bank by MSC.
Allowance for loan losses (Bank Holding Company Accounting)

Allowance for Loan Losses (Bank Holding Company Accounting)

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, prevailing economic conditions, and excess concentration risks. In analyzing the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, the Company uses historical delinquency and actual loss rates with a one year lookback period for consumer loans. For commercial loans deemed nonperforming, the historical loss experience and other projections are looked at, and for medallion loans, non performing loans are valued at the median sales price over the most recent quarter. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. As a result, reserves are recorded above the calculated amounts as an additional buffer against future losses. Credit losses are deducted from the allowance and subsequent recoveries are added back to the allowance.
Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) and Realized Gains (Losses) on Investments (Investment Company Accounting)

Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) and Realized Gains (Losses) on Investments (Investment Company Accounting)

Prior to April 2, 2018, under Investment Company Accounting, the Company’s loans, net of participations and any unearned discount, were considered investment securities under the 1940 Act and recorded at fair value. As part of the fair value methodology, loans were valued at cost adjusted for any unrealized appreciation (depreciation). Since no ready market existed for these loans, the fair value was determined in good faith by the Board of Directors. In determining the fair value, the Board of Directors considered factors such as the financial condition of the borrower, the adequacy of the collateral, individual credit risks, cash flows of the borrower, market conditions for loans (e.g. values used by other lenders and any active bid/ask market), historical loss experience, and the relationships between current and projected market rates and portfolio rates of interest and maturities. Investments other than securities, which represent collateral received from defaulted borrowers, were valued similarly.

Under Investment Company Accounting, the Company recognized unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments as the amount by which the fair value estimated by the Company is greater (less) than the cost basis of the investment portfolio. Realized gains or losses on investments are generated through sales of investments, foreclosure on specific collateral, and writeoffs of loans or assets acquired in satisfaction of loans, net of recoveries. Unrealized appreciation on investments was $139,700,000, and $110,374,000 as of December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017. Refer to Note 5 for additional details.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company’s goodwill and intangible assets arose as a result of the excess of fair value over book value for several of the Company’s previously unconsolidated portfolio investment companies as of April 2, 2018. This fair value was brought forward under the Company’s new Bank Holding Company reporting, and was subject to a purchase price accounting allocation process conducted by an independent third party expert to arrive at the current categories and amounts. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to impairment testing on an annual basis. Intangible assets are amortized over their useful life of approximately 20 years. See below for detailed information on the fair value allocation as of April 2, 2018.

 

(in thousands)    Fair Value as of
March 31, 2018		      Allocation as
of April 2,
2018		  

Medallion Bank

      

Assets

      

Net loans (1)

    $        $ 890,000  

Other assets

         130,393  

Liabilities

      

Funds borrowed and other liabilities

         (853,650 ) 
  

 

 

     

 

 

  

Total fair value excluding goodwill and intangibles

         166,743  

Goodwill

         150,803  

Intangibles

         28,900
  

 

 

     

 

 

  

Total fair value (2)

    $ 346,446      $ 346,446  
  

 

 

     

 

 

  

 

(1)

Includes $12,387 of premiums associated with the loan portfolio.
(2)

Includes $26,303 of preferred stock held by the US Treasury. See Note 17 for details.

 

(in thousands)

    Fair Value as
of March 31,
2018		      Allocation as
of April 2,
2018		  

RPAC Racing LLC

      

Assets

      

Cash

    $        $ 1,647  

Net fixed assets

         774  

Race cars and parts, net

         203  

Race cars held for sale

         916  

Other assets

         1,902  

Liabilities

      

Deferred revenue

         (6,531 ) 

Notes payable (1)

         (27,220 ) 

Other liabilities

         (2,275 ) 
  

 

 

     

 

 

  

Total fair value excluding goodwill and intangibles

         (30,584 ) 

Intangibles

         31,779  
  

 

 

     

 

 

  

Total fair value(2)

    $ 1,195      $ 1,195  
  

 

 

     

 

 

  

 

(1)

Includes $20,177 due to the Company and its affiliates as of March 31, 2018.
(2)

Fair value as of March 31, 2018 represents the Company’s investment in RPAC Racing LLC series D units.
Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization, and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 3 to 10 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated economic useful life of the improvement. Depreciation and amortization expense was $135,000 and $24,000 for the quarters ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and was $158,000 and $49,000 for the comparable six months.
Deferred Costs

Deferred Costs

Deferred financing costs, included in other assets, represents costs associated with obtaining the Company’s borrowing facilities, and are amortized on a straight line basis over the lives of the related financing agreements and life of the respective pool. Amortization expense was $541,000 and $240,000 ($591,000 had Medallion Bank been consolidated) for the quarters ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and was $764,000 and $468,000 ($1,164,000 had Medallion Bank been consolidated) for the comparable six months, recorded as interest expense. In addition, the Company capitalizes certain costs for transactions in the process of completion (other than business combinations), including those for potential investments, and the sourcing of other financing alternatives. Upon completion or termination of the transaction, any accumulated amounts are amortized against income over an appropriate period, or written off. The amount on the Company’s balance sheet for these purposes was $5,012,000, $3,070,000 ($5,011,000 had Medallion Bank been consolidated), and $3,567,000 ($5,623,000 had Medallion Bank been consolidated) as of June 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017.
Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability approach in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the impact of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their tax basis and are stated at tax rates expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered. Deferred tax assets are also recorded for net operating losses, capital losses, and any tax credit carryforwards. A valuation allowance is provided against a deferred tax asset when it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. All available evidence, both positive and negative, is considered to determine whether a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is needed. Items considered in determining our valuation allowance include expectations of future earnings of the appropriate tax character, recent historical financial results, tax planning strategies, the length of statutory carryforward periods, and the expected timing of the reversal of temporary differences. Under ASC 740, forming a conclusion that a valuation allowance is not needed is difficult when there is negative evidence, such as cumulative losses in recent years. The Company recognizes tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only when the position is more likely than not to be sustained assuming examination by tax authorities. The Company records income tax related interest and penalties, if applicable, within current income tax expense.
Earnings(Loss) Per Share (EPS)

Earnings (Loss) Per Share (EPS)

Basic earnings (loss) per share are computed by dividing net income (loss)/net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if option contracts to issue common stock were exercised, or if restricted stock vests, and has been computed after giving consideration to the weighted average dilutive effect of the Company’s stock options and restricted stock. The Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate diluted EPS, which is a method of recognizing the use of proceeds that could be obtained upon exercise of options and warrants, including unvested compensation expense related to the shares, in computing diluted EPS. It assumes that any proceeds would be used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period.

The table below shows the calculation of basic and diluted EPS.

 

     Three Months Ended June 30,      Six Months Ended June 30,  

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

    2018      2017      2018      2017  

Net loss/ net decrease in net assets resulting from operations available to common shareholders

    ($ 14,647 )     ($ 4,797 )     ($ 29,521 )     ($ 3,686 ) 
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

  

Weighted average common shares outstanding applicable to basic EPS

      24,230,815        23,925,567        24,193,057        23,909,344  

Effect of dilutive stock options

      —          —          —          —    

Effect of restricted stock grants

      —          —          —          —    
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

  

Adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding applicable to diluted EPS

      24,230,815        23,925,567        24,193,057        23,909,344  
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

  

Basic loss per share

    ($ 0.60 )     ($ 0.20 )     ($ 1.22 )     ($ 0.15 ) 

Diluted loss per share

      (0.60 )       (0.20 )       (1.22 )       (0.15 ) 
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

  

 

Potentially dilutive common shares excluded from the above calculations aggregated 100,000 and 682,000 shares as of June 30, 2018 and 2017.
Stock Compensation

Stock Compensation

The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 718 (ASC 718), “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, for its equity incentive, stock option and restricted stock plans, and accordingly, the Company recognizes the expense of these grants as required. Stock-based employee compensation costs pertaining to stock options is reflected in net income (loss)/net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations for any new grants using the fair values established by usage of the Black-Scholes option pricing model, expensed over the vesting period of the underlying option. Stock-based employee compensation costs pertaining to restricted stock are reflected in net income (loss)/net increase in net assets resulting from operations for any new grants using the grant date fair value of the shares granted, expensed over the vesting period of the underlying stock.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company issued 98,164 and 258,232 of restricted shares of stock-based compensation awards, and 24,000 and 12,000 shares of other stock-based compensation awards, and recognized $145,000 and $296,000, or $0.01 per share for the 2018 second quarter and six months, and $200,000 and $329,000, or $0.01 and $0.01 per share in the comparable 2017 periods, of non-cash stock-based compensation expense related to the grants. As of June 30, 2018, the total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options and restricted stock was $533,000, which is expected to be recognized over the next 12 quarters (see Note 9).
Derivatives

Derivatives

The Company manages its exposure to increases in market rates of interest by periodically purchasing interest rate caps to lock in the cost of funds of its variable-rate debt in the event of a rapid run up in interest rates. The Company entered into contracts to purchase interest rate caps on $30,000,000 of notional value of principal from various multinational banks, with termination dates ranging to December 2018. The caps provide for payments to the Company if various LIBOR thresholds are exceeded during the cap terms. Total cap purchases were generally fully expensed when paid, including $0 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and $19,000 and $19,000 for the comparable 2017 periods, and all are carried at $0 on the balance sheet at June 30, 2018.
Regulatory Capital

Regulatory Capital

Medallion Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the Utah Department of Financial Institutions. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the bank regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

FDIC-insured banks, including Medallion Bank, are subject to certain federal laws, which impose various legal limitations on the extent to which banks may finance or otherwise supply funds to certain of their affiliates. In particular, Medallion Bank is subject to certain restrictions on any extensions of credit to, or other covered transactions, such as certain purchases of assets, with the Company or its affiliates.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios as defined in the regulations (set forth in the table below). Additionally, as conditions of granting the Bank’s application for federal deposit insurance, the FDIC ordered that the Tier 1 leverage capital to total assets ratio, as defined, be not less than 15%, and that an adequate allowance for loan losses be maintained. As of June 30, 2018, the Bank’s Tier 1 leverage capital ratio was 14.95%. The Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios, and the regulatory minimum ratios are presented in the following table.

 

     Regulatory              

(Dollars in  thousands)

    Minimum     Well-capitalized     June 30, 2018     December 31, 2017  

Common equity tier 1 capital

      —         —       $ 127,258     $ 137,494  

Tier 1 capital

      —         —         153,561       163,797  

Total capital

      —         —         167,344       176,876  

Average assets

      —         —         1,027,419       1,127,087  

Risk-weighted assets

      —         —         1,045,884       995,145  

Leverage ratio (1)

      4.0 %      5.0 %      14.9 %      14.5 % 

Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (2)

      4.5       6.5       12.2       13.8  

Tier 1 capital ratio (3)

      6.0       8.0       14.7       16.5  

Total capital ratio (3)

      8.0       10.0       16.0       17.8  

 

(1)

Calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by average assets.
(2)

Calculated by subtracting preferred stock or non-controlling interests from Tier 1 capital and dividing by risk-weighted assets.
(3)

Calculated by dividing Tier 1 or total capital by risk-weighted assets.

In addition, the Bank is subject to a Common Equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer on top of the minimum risk-based capital ratios. The implementation of the capital conservation buffer began on January 1, 2016 at the 0.625% level and will increase by 0.625% each subsequent January 1 until January 1, 2019. Including the buffer, by January 1, 2019, the Bank will be required to maintain the following minimum capital ratios: a Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of greater than 7.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of greater than 8.5% and a total risk-based capital ratio of greater than 10.5%
Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04 Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The objective of this update is to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill, by eliminating step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not believe this update will have a material impact on its financial condition.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The main objective of this new standard is to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial assets and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. The aftermath of the global economic crisis and the delayed recognition of credit losses associated with loans (and other financial instruments) was identified as a weakness in the application of existing accounting standards. Specifically, because the existing “incurred” loss model delays recognition until it is probable a credit loss was incurred, the FASB explored alternatives that would use more forward-looking information. Under the FASB’s new standard, the concepts used by entities to account for credit losses on financial instruments will fundamentally change. The existing “probable” and “incurred” loss recognition threshold is removed. Loss estimates are based upon lifetime “expected” credit losses. The use of past and current events must now be supplemented with “reasonable and supportable” expectations about the future to determine the amount of credit loss. The collective changes to the recognition and measurement accounting standards for financial instruments and their anticipated impact on the allowance for credit losses modeling have been universally referred to as the CECL (current expected credit loss) model. ASU 2016-13 applies to all entities and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 for public entities and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 for all other entities, with early adoption permitted. The Company is assessing the impact the update will have on its financial statement, but expects the update to have a significant impact on how the Company expects to account for estimated credit losses on its loans.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 requires the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for leases classified as operating under GAAP. ASU 2016-02 applies to all entities and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 for public entities. The Company has assessed the impact the update will have on its financial condition and does not believe this update will have a material impact on its financial condition.