EX-4.1 2 exh_41.htm EXHIBIT 4.1

 

Exhibit 4.1

 

EDAP TMS

 

A stock company (société anonyme)

with a capital of Euros 4,858,530.56

Head office: Parc d’activité- La Poudrette Lamartine

4 rue du Dauphiné

69120 Vaulx en Velin - France

 

 

 

MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

- BYLAWS -

 

Including modifications approved by

the Ordinary and Extraordinary Meeting of Shareholders held on

June 28th, 2024

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Articles of Association – June 28th, 2024 - English translation for information purposes only1/14

 

 

TITLE I

FORMATION - PURPOSE - CORPORATE NAME

REGISTERED OFFICES - DURATION

 

ARTICLE 1 - FORMATION OF THE COMPANY

 

A stock company exists between the owners of the shares created hereinafter and those which could be created at a later stage; it is organized and exists under the laws in force and under the following bylaws.

 

ARTICLE 2 – CORPORATE PURPOSES

 

The purpose of the Company is:

 

-the taking of financial interests under whatever form in all French or foreign groups, companies or businesses which currently exist or which may be created in the future, mainly through contribution, subscription or purchasing of shares, obligations or other securities, mergers, holding companies, groups, alliances or partnerships ;
-the management of such financial interests ;
-the direction, management, supervision and coordination of its subsidiaries and interests ;
-the provision of all administrative, financial, technical or other services ;
-and generally, all operations of whatever nature, financial, commercial, industrial, civil, relating to property and real estate which may be connected directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, to the company's purposes or to any similar or related purposes which may favor the extension or development of said purpose.

 

ARTICLE 3 - CORPORATE NAME

 

The corporate name of the Company is:

EDAP TMS

 

ARTICLE 4 - REGISTERED OFFICE

 

The registered office is fixed at: Parc d'activité La Poudrette Lamartine 4 rue du Dauphiné- (F) 69120 Vaulx en Velin - France.

 

It may be transferred to any other location in France by decision of the Board of Directors, subject to ratification of such decision by the next ordinary shareholders' meeting, and anywhere else by virtue of a resolution of the extraordinary shareholders' meeting.

 

In the event of a transfer decided by the Board of Directors, the latter is authorized to amend the articles of association and to carry out the resulting publicity and filing formalities, provided that it is stated that the transfer is subject to the ratification referred to above.

 

ARTICLE 5 - DURATION

 

The duration of the Company is sixty (60) years as of the date of incorporation of the Company recorded in the Trade and Corporate Registry unless an anticipated dissolution or a prorogation is decide as provided for in these bylaws.

 

TITLE II

REGISTERED CAPITAL

 

ARTICLE 6 - REGISTERED CAPITAL

 

The registered capital is fixed at the amount of four million eight hundred and fifty-eight thousand five hundred and thirty Euros and fifty-six cents (Euros 4,858,530.56) divided into thirty-seven million three hundred and seventy-three thousand three hundred and twelve (37,373,312) shares with a nominal value of thirteen cents (Euros 0.13) each, fully paid up.

 

Articles of Association – June 28th, 2024 - English translation for information purposes only2/14

 

 

ARTICLE 7 - INCREASE OF THE REGISTERED CAPITAL

 

The registered capital may be increased once or several times through the creation of new shares, representing contributions in kind or contributions in cash, the transformation of available corporate reserves into shares or through any other mean by virtue of a resolution from the Extraordinary Shareholders' General Meeting. Such meeting shall fix the conditions for the issuing of new shares within the framework of the legal provisions in force, or delegate its powers for such purpose to the Board. As a representation of capital increases may be created, either shares similar to the existing ones, or shares of a totally different type which may, within the conditions provided by law, grant a preferential right or whatever privilege on the other shares. The Board has all powers to negotiate, if any, with any bank or financial syndicate to facilitate or guarantee the issuance of shares as mentioned here above complying with any legal provision, in particular as far as preferential rights of subscription for the benefit of the older shareholders are concerned.

 

No capital increase in shares paid up in cash may however be implemented if the existing capital has not been priorly fully paid up. Capital increases must be implemented within five years as of the date on which the Shareholders' General Meeting has taken or authorized such resolution.

 

Capital increases may occur through the issue of shares with a premium. That premium of which the total amount shall have to be paid at the time of the subscription of the shares shall not be regarded as a profit to be distributed under operating profit; it shall represent an additional payment to the capital in shares and shall belong exclusively to all shareholders, except otherwise provided for by the Ordinary or Extraordinary Shareholders' Meeting.

 

In case of an increase through the issue of shares payable in cash, and unless otherwise provided further to a resolution from the Extraordinary Shareholders' General Meeting, the owners of existing shares who have duly contributed as they were called up shall receive in proportion to the amount of these shares, a preferential right to subscribe to the new shares. The Board shall determine the manner in which that right shall be exercised and its validity period in compliance with (French) law; it shall be negotiable under the same conditions as the shares during the subscription.

 

Those shareholders who, due to the number of shares they hold, may not obtain a new share or a full number of new shares, shall be entitled to group to exercise their right but however no joint subscription may result from such a grouping.

 

ARTICLE 8 - CAPITAL REDUCTION

 

The Extraordinary Shareholders' General Meeting may also decide a reduction of the registered capital for whatever reason and in whatever manner, in particular through the reimbursement to the shareholders of a repurchasing of the corporate shares or the exchange of old shares by new shares, for the same or a lower number of shares, with or without the same nominal amount and, if any, the obligation of selling or buying old shares to enable the exchange or also through the payment of a balance in cash.

 

The General Meeting may also delegate to the Board all powers to implement the capital reduction.

 

The Auditors shall be informed on the project of capital reduction at least forty five days prior to the Meeting. The General Meeting shall decide on the report from the Auditors who shall provide their appreciation on the causes and the conditions of the operation.

 

When losses do not motivate the capital reduction, creditors may within a period of thirty days as of the date of the filing with the Clerk of the Trade Court of the minutes of the resolution from the General Meeting who decided or authorized the reduction, oppose to the reduction. The opposition is brought before the Trade Court.

 

Articles of Association – June 28th, 2024 - English translation for information purposes only3/14

 

 

TITLE III

SHARES

 

ARTICLE 9 – PAYMENT OF THE SHARES

 

At the time of capital increase, the shares to be subscribed in cash must be paid up of at least one fourth at the time of the subscription. The balance of payments shall be paid within a maximum of five years, as of the day on which the capital increase shall have become effective, in one or several times, at the times and in the proportions determined by the Board. The calling up of capital contributions shall be communicated to the shareholders by registered letter at least fifteen days prior to the date fixed for each payment.

 

The shares contributed in cash as part of the capital increases may be paid up partly or totally through the compensation of a debt which is fixed, liquid and due to the company.

 

The Board may authorize at any time the shareholders to prepay the amount of their shares which are not yet called up.

 

Should the shareholders not proceed with the payments on the set dates, the interest of the amount of these payments shall run by law for each day of delay at a rate of 12% per annum as of the date of payment fixed in the registered letter above mentioned and without a claim or formal notice being necessary.

 

If within the period fixed at the time of calling up the capital, some shares have not been paid up from the required payments, the Company may, one month after a special formal individual notice notified to the defaulting shareholder - by registered letter or extra judicial writ – offer, to the other shareholders, the shares to be paid up by registered letter sent to each of them.

 

To implement this preemptive right, the Board shall have, upon the expiration of the fixed time limit, at the time of the calling up of capital, to offer to the shareholders the shares to be paid up by registered letter sent to each of them.

 

If several shareholders are purchasers, the shares shall be distributed among them in proportion to their rights in the Company.

 

If such a proportional distribution is not possible, the remaining shares shall be distributed through draw lots.

 

If within a time limit of one month further to the shareholders having been warned, some shares are still not paid up, the Company may sale them within the terms and conditions stipulated under Section L.228-27 of the French Commercial Code through the decree of March 23, 1967 referred to for its application.

 

The sale of the shares shall be carried in public auctions by a stock broker or a public notary. For such purpose, the Company shall publish in a legal gazette within the department of the registered offices, at least thirty days further to the notice scheduled in the previous paragraph, a notice concerning the sale of the shares. It shall inform the debtor and, if any, its co-debtors, of the sale by a registered letter containing indications on the date and the issue number of the gazette in which the publication has been made. The sale of the shares may not take place less than fifteen day as from the sending of the registered letter.

 

The Company shall be entitled to the net proceeds of the sale up to the due amount and shall be deducted from the principal amount and interests due by the defaulting shareholder before the reimbursement of the costs incurred by the company to realize the sale. The defaulting shareholder remains debtor or benefits from the difference.

 

Upon the expiration of the time limit as scheduled in the fifth paragraph above, the shares not paid up from the required payments shall stop permitting the admission and the voting rights in shareholders meetings and shall be deducted for the counting of the quorum. The right to the dividends and the preferential right of subscription shall be suspended. If the shareholder pays up the principal sum and its interests, he/she may ask for the payment of non prescribed dividends but he/she may not exercise an action under a preferential right of subscription to a capital increase after the expiration of the time limit fixed for the exercise of that right.

 

Articles of Association – June 28th, 2024 - English translation for information purposes only4/14

 

 

ARTICLE 10 – LEGAL FORM AND CONDITIONS OF VALIDITY OF SHARES

 

The shares are compulsorily issued by the Company as registered shares and are materialized through a registration into the accounts of the Company.

 

The share accounts are kept under the conditions and terms provided by law, by the Company or any other authorized Agent the name or denomination and address of which shall be published in the "Bulletin des Annonces Légales Obligatoires" (Bulletin for compulsory legal announcements).

 

The share accounts mention:

-the identification data of natural persons or legal entities in the name of whom they have been opened and, if any, the legal nature of their rights or incapacities ;
-the name, the category, the number and, if any, the nominal value of the registered shares;
-the restrictions which may concern these shares (pledge, escrow account, etc...).

 

Whenever the shares are not fully paid upon subscription, the payments on these shares are put in and witnessed as such by a certificate.

 

Each share gives right to a part of the ownership of the Company's assets, in proportion with the number of issued shares. Besides, it gives right to a part of profits as stipulated under Article 27 hereinafter.

 

Shareholders are only responsible up to the amount of shares they possess and above that amount, any calling up of capital is forbidden. They cannot be subject to any restitution of interests or dividends which were regularly distributed.

 

ARTICLE 11 - SHARE TRANSFERS

 

Shares may be freely traded under the conditions defined by law. In the event of a capital increase, the shares may be traded from the completion thereof.

 

Shares shall remain negotiable following the Company’s dissolution, and until the closing of its liquidation.

 

ARTICLE 12 - INDIVISIUM OF SHARES - SEALS

 

In respect of the Company the shares are indivisible. Joint owners of a share shall be represented before the Company by a single person they shall have appointed further to a common agreement.

 

Whenever the ownership of several existing shares shall be necessary to exercise any right whatsoever and in particular to exercise the preferential right as here above provided for, or still, in the case of exchange or attribution of the shares further to an operation such as: capital reduction, capital increase by incorporation of reserves, merger, entitling to a new share against providing existing shares, isolated shares or shares in a number lower than the one required shall grant no right to the holder against the Company ; shareholders shall be personally responsible for the regrouping of the necessary number of shares.

 

The heirs, representatives or creditors of a shareholder shall under no circumstances whatsoever neither call for the seals on the Company's assets and documents requesting the partition or the sale by auction of a lot held by indivisium, nor interfere in whatever manner in its management ; they must - for the exercise of their rights - refer to the corporate inventories/ books and the decisions from the General Meeting.

 

All shares which form or shall form the registered capital shall always be assimilated to one another as regards tax costs. Consequently, all duties and taxes which for whatever reason could - with respect to any reimbursement of capital of these shares, or more generally, any distribution of their profit become claimable for only some of them, either during the existence of the Company or during its winding-up, shall be distributed among all shares representing the capital at the time of that or those reimbursements or distributions in such a way that all current or future shares shall confer on their owners - whilst taking into account the nominal amount of shares and rights not amortized of different categories, the same effective privileges giving them the right of receiving the same net amount.

 

Articles of Association – June 28th, 2024 - English translation for information purposes only5/14

 

 

TITLE IV

MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY

 

ARTICLE 13 – BOARD OF DIRECTORS

 

The Company is managed by a Board of Directors made up of individuals or legal persons whose number is determined by the Ordinary Shareholders Meeting within the limits provided for by the law.

 

A legal entity must, at the time of its appointment, designate an individual who will be its permanent representative at the Board of Directors. The duration of the office of this permanent representative is the same as that of the Director legal body he/she represents. In the event the legal body revokes its permanent representative, it must replace said representative immediately. The same rules apply in case of death or resignation of the permanent representative.

 

The Directors’ term of office is two (2) years. The tenure of a Director shall terminate at the close of the Ordinary General Shareholders Meeting that meets to vote upon the accounts of the preceding fiscal year and is held in the year during which the term of office of said Director comes to an end.

 

The Directors may always be re-elected, they may also be revoked at any time by the Shareholders' General Meeting.

 

An individual person cannot to hold more than five positions as a member of a Board of Directors or a member of a Supervisory Board in companies registered in France; the directorship held in controlled companies (as defined by Section L.233-16 of the French Commercial Code) by the Company, are not taken into account.

 

In case of death or resignation of one or several Director(s), the Board of Directors may make (a) provisional appointment(s), even between two General Shareholders Meetings.

 

Any such provisional appointment(s) made pursuant to the previous paragraph need to be ratified by the next following Ordinary Shareholders' General Meeting.

 

Failing ratification, the resolutions and acts approved beforehand by the Board remain nonetheless valid.

 

When the number of Directors falls below the compulsory legal minimum, the remaining directors must summon immediately the Ordinary General Shareholders Meeting, in order to reach the full complement of the Board.

 

Any Director appointed in replacement of another Director whose tenure has not expired remains in office only for the remaining duration of the tenure of his predecessor.

 

An employee of the Company may be appointed as a Director. His/her contract of employment must however correspond to an effective work. In this case, he/she does not loose the benefit of his/her employment contract.

 

The number of Directors who are also linked to the Company by an employment contract can not exceed one third of the Directors in office or five members.

 

Directors cannot be more than eighty five years old. In case one of the Directors reaches this limit during his/her office, the older Director is automatically considered as having resigned at the next General Shareholders Meeting.

 

ARTICLE 14 - MEETINGS OF THE BOARD

 

14.1. The Board of Directors meets as often as the interests of the Company require.

 

14.2. The Chairman summons the Directors to the Meetings of the Board. The notification of the Meetings may be made by all means, whether oral or written.

 

Furthermore, if there has not been a Board Meeting for two months, members of the Board representing at least one third of the members of the Board, or the Chief Executive Officer, may validly require the President to summon the Board. In such a case, they must indicate the agenda for the meeting.

 

Articles of Association – June 28th, 2024 - English translation for information purposes only6/14

 

 

In case a Labor Committee exists, the representatives of this committee - appointed pursuant to the Labor Code - must be invited to every meeting of the Board.

 

The meeting takes place either at the registered office or at any other place in France or abroad.

 

14.3. For the resolutions of the Board of Directors to be valid, at least one half of its members must be present.

 

Within the limits provided for in Article L. 225-37, paragraph 3 of the French Commercial Code and subject to the implementation of internal regulations, the Board of Directors may decide that for the calculation of the quorum and the majority of the directors, account will be taken of the participation of one or more directors on the Board of Directors by any means of telecommunication (videoconference and teletransmission), and this, in compliance with the regulatory provisions and safe legal exceptions.

  

Any decision granting options to purchase new or existing shares of the Company to a Director who is also an employee, to the President or to the Chief Executive Officer of the Company (when he/she is also a Director), within the framework of an authorization given by the Extraordinary Shareholders' General Meeting, pursuant to Sections L.225-177 et seq. of the French Commercial Code, shall be taken by a majority vote among the Directors who are present or represented. The concerned Director as well as any other Director who is likely to be granted similar options cannot take part in the vote.

 

The resolutions of the Board shall be taken at a majority vote ; in case of a split decision, the President has casting vote.

 

The Board of Directors may also take the following decisions by written consultation of the directors, which fall within the Board's own powers:

 

· provisional appointment of Board members, as provided for in Article L. 225-24 of the French Commercial Code

·authorization of sureties, endorsements and guarantees as provided for in the last paragraph of Article L. 225-35 of the Commercial Code,
·decision taken on the basis of a delegation of powers granted by the Extraordinary Shareholders' Meeting in accordance with the second paragraph of Article L. 225-36 of the Commercial Code, to amend the bylaws to bring them into line with legal and regulatory provisions,
·convening of Shareholders' Meetings,
·transfer of the registered office to the same department, and

· any decision that may be added to this list by virtue of a change in the legislation in force.

 

When the decision is taken by written consultation, the text of the proposed resolutions accompanied by a voting form is sent by the Chairman to each member of the Board of Directors by electronic means (with acknowledgement of receipt).

 

The directors have a period of three working days following receipt of the text of the proposed resolutions and the voting form to complete and send to the Chairman by electronic means (with acknowledgement of receipt) the voting form, dated and signed, by ticking a single box for each resolution corresponding to the meaning of their vote.

 

If no box or more than one box has been ticked for the same resolution, the vote will be null and void and will not be taken into account for the calculation of the majority.

 

Any director who has not responded within the above time period shall be considered absent and his or her vote shall not be counted for the purpose of calculating quorum and majority.

 

During the response period, any director may request any additional explanations from the initiator of the consultation.

Within five working days following receipt of the last ballot, the Chairman shall draw up and date the minutes of the deliberations, to which the ballots shall be annexed and which shall be signed by the Chairman and a director having participated in the written consultation.

 

Articles of Association – June 28th, 2024 - English translation for information purposes only7/14

 

 

14.4. Any Director may grant a proxy – even by letter, telegram, telex or fax – to any other Director to represent him/her at a Board Meeting; however, each Director is not allowed to have more than one proxy per meeting.

 

14.5. The copies or abstracts of the minutes of the Board of directors are certified by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the Director temporarily delegated in the duties of President or by a representative duly authorized for that purpose.

 

The register may be kept and the minutes drawn up in electronic form; in this case, the minutes are signed by means of an electronic signature which at least meets the requirements for an advanced electronic signature. The minutes are dated electronically by a time-stamping means offering any guarantee of proof.

 

The attendance register can be kept in electronic form; in this case, the register is signed by means of an electronic signature which at least meets the requirements for an advanced electronic signature. The register is dated electronically by a time-stamping means offering any guarantee of proof.

 

ARTICLE 15 - POWERS OF THE BOARD

 

The Board of Directors defines the orientations of the Company's activity and supervises their implementation. Within the limits set out by the corporate purposes, and the powers expressly granted by law to the General Shareholders Meeting, the Board may deliberate upon the business of the Company and take any decisions thereof.

 

ARTICLE 16 - CHAIRMAN

 

The Board elects one of its members as Chairman of the Board, who must be an individual. The Board determines the duration of the office of the Chairman: it cannot exceed that of his/her office as a Director. The Board may revoke the Chairman at any time. The remuneration of the Chairman is decided by the Board of Directors.

 

The Chairman represents the Board and organizes its work. The Chairman is responsible for the good functioning of the Company's organization and, in particular, has to check the ability of the Board members to perform their mission.

 

The Chairman of the Board of Directors cannot be over eighty-five years old. In case the Chairman reaches this limit during his/her tenure, he/she will automatically be considered as having resigned. However, his/her tenure is extended until the next Board of Directors Meeting, during which his/her successor shall be appointed. Subject to this provision, the Chairman of the Board may always be re-elected.

 

ARTICLE 16 bis - CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

 

The general management of the Company is performed, under his responsibility, either by the Chairman of the Board or by another individual, elected by the Board and bearing the title of Chief Executive Officer.

 

The choice between these two methods of management belongs to the Board and must be made as provided for by these bylaws.

 

Shareholders and third parties are informed of this choice under legal and regulatory conditions.

 

The Chief Executive Officer is vested with the most extensive powers to act under all circumstances on behalf of the Company, within the limits set out by the corporate purposes, and subject to the powers expressly granted by law to the Board of Directors and the General Shareholders Meeting.

 

The Chief Executive Officer represents the Company with third parties. The Company is bound by the acts of the Chief Executive Officer overcoming the corporate purposes, unless proven that the third party knew such act overcame the corporate purposes or could not ignore so in light of the circumstances; yet, the sole publication of the bylaws is not enough to constitute a sufficient evidence thereof.

 

Articles of Association – June 28th, 2024 - English translation for information purposes only8/14

 

 

The remuneration of the Chief Executive Officer is decided by the Board of Directors. The Chief Executive Officer can be revoked at any time by the Board of Directors. If this revocation is not justified, damages may be allocated to the Chief Executive Officer, except when the Chief Executive Officer is also the Chairman of the Board.

 

Pursuant to Section 706-43 of the French criminal proceedings Code, the Chief Executive Officer may validly delegate to any person he/she chooses the powers to represent the Company within the framework of criminal proceedings which might be taken against the Company.

 

The Chief Executive Officer may not hold another position as Chief Executive Officer or member of a Supervisory Board in a company registered in France except when (i) such company is controlled (as referred to in Section L.233-16 of the French Commercial Code) by the Company and (ii) when this controlled company’s shares are not quoted on a regulated market.

 

The Chief Executive Officer cannot be over seventy years old. In case the Chief Executive Officer reaches this limit during his/her tenure, he/she will automatically be considered as having resigned. However, his/her tenure is extended until the next Board of Directors meeting, during which his/her successor shall be appointed.

 

ARTICLE 17 - DEPUTY CHIEF EXECUTIVE

 

Upon the Chief Executive Officer’s proposal, the Board of Directors may appoint one or several individual(s) as Deputy Chief Executive(s) with the aim of assisting the Chief Executive Officer.

 

The Deputy Chief Executive may be revoked at any time by the Board, upon proposal of the Chief Executive Officer.

 

In agreement with the Chief Executive Officer, the Board of Directors shall determine the scope and duration of the powers delegated to the Deputy Chief Executive. The remuneration of the Deputy Chief Executive is decided by the Board of Directors.

 

Towards third parties, the Deputy Chief Executive has the same powers as the Chief Executive Officer, among which the ability to represent the Company in court.

 

The Deputy Chief Executive Officer cannot be over seventy years old. In case a Deputy Chief Executive Officer would reach this limit during his/her office, he/she would automatically be considered as having resigned. However, his/her office is extended until the soonest Board of Directors meeting, during which his/her successor shall be appointed.

 

In any case, the maximum number of Deputy Chief Executive(s) cannot exceed five.

 

ARTICLE 18 - AGREEMENTS SUBJECT TO AUTHORIZATION

 

18.1. Securities, endorsement of drafts and guarantees provided for by the Company shall be authorized by the Board of Directors in compliance with the conditions provided for by the law.

 

18.2. According to the provisions of Article L. 225-38 of the French Commercial Code, any agreement to be entered into - either directly or indirectly or through an intermediary - between the Company and one of its Directors, its Chief Executive Officer or Deputy Chief Executive, one of its shareholders holding more than 10% of the voting rights or, if it is a company, the company controlling it (as referred to in the Section L. 233-3 of the French Commercial Code) is subject to a prior authorization of the Board of Directors. The same authorization applies to the agreements in which these persons are indirectly interested.

 

The same shall apply for agreements between the Company and another company, whenever one of the Directors, Chief Executive Officer(s) or Deputy Chief Executive(s) of the Company is the owner, a partner with unlimited liability, a manager, Director, member of the Supervisory Board or more generally an officer of said company.

 

However, such provisions do not apply to agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business and on arm's length terms, or to agreements entered into between two companies of which one holds, directly or indirectly, the entire share capital of the other, after deduction, where applicable, of the minimum number of shares required to meet the requirements of Article 1832 of the French Civil Code or Articles L. 225-1, L. 22-10-1, L. 22-10-2 and L. 226-1 of the French Commercial Code.

 

Articles of Association – June 28th, 2024 - English translation for information purposes only9/14

 

 

Pursuant to the provisions of Article L. 225-40 of the French Commercial Code, any person directly or indirectly involved in an agreement must inform the Board as soon as he or she becomes aware of an agreement to which Article L. 225-38 of the French Commercial Code is applicable. The interested party, being a member of the Board of Directors, may not take part in the deliberations or vote on the requested authorization.

 

The Chairman of the Board of Directors informs the Statutory Auditor, if any, of all agreements authorized and entered into, and submits them to the Shareholders' Meeting for approval.

 

The Statutory Auditor or, if no Statutory Auditor has been appointed, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, present a special report on these agreements to the Shareholders' Meeting, which votes on the report.

 

Any person directly or indirectly interested in the agreement may not take part in the vote. His/her shares are not taken into account for the calculation of the majority.

 

ARTICLE 19 - PROHIBITED AGREEMENTS

 

Directors who are not legal bodies are prohibited from taking out loans from the Company, under any form whatsoever, from getting an overdraft on a current account or otherwise, and benefiting from a guarantee from the Company for the agreements they have entered into with third parties.

 

The same prohibition applies to Chief Executive Officers, Deputy Chief Executives and to permanent representatives of the Directors legal bodies. It also applies to spouses, ascendants and descendants of the persons referred to in the previous paragraph, as well as to any interposed person.

 

TITLE V

AUDITORS

 

ARTICLE 20 - AUDITORS

 

The Ordinary General Meeting of shareholders appoints, under the conditions set by article L823-1 of the French Commercial Code, and with the mission fixed by law, the Company's Statutory Auditors.

 

The Auditors are appointed for six fiscal years. Their mandate ends at the time of the General Meeting deciding upon the statements of the sixth fiscal year.

 

The Auditor appointed to replace another shall only remain in service until the expiration of the mandate of his predecessor.

 

Auditors are indefinitely re-eligible.

 

One or several shareholders representing at least one twentieth of the registered capital may ask in court the objection to one or several Auditors appointed by the meeting and the designation of one or several other Auditors who shall provide their services replacing the objected Auditors. Under penalty of unacceptability of the request, the latter shall have to be made before the President of the Commercial Court who shall rule in chambers within a period of thirty days as from the rejected nomination.

 

The Auditors must be called at the Board meeting during which the accounts of the ended financial year shall be closed and at all shareholders meetings.

 

Articles of Association – June 28th, 2024 - English translation for information purposes only10/14

 

 

ARTICLE 21 - EXPERTISE

 

One or several shareholders representing at least one twentieth of the registered capital may ask to the President of the Commercial Court to rule in chambers to designate an expert in charge of presenting a report on one or several management operations.

 

The report from the expert possibly appointed must be sent to the petitioners, to the Board, to the Ministère Public ("Attorney General"), to the Labor Committee and to the COB (French SEC) ; it shall also be attached to the report from the Auditor(s) prepared for the forthcoming General Meeting and should be granted the same advertising.

 

 

TITLE VI

GENERAL MEETINGS

 

ARTICLE 22 - GENERAL RULES

 

Collective decisions of the shareholders are taken in Ordinary, Extraordinary or Special Shareholders' Meetings depending on the nature of the decisions they are called upon to take. Ordinary, Extraordinary and Special Shareholders' Meetings exercise their respective powers in accordance with the law.

 

Shareholders' Meetings are convened and held in the conditions, form and timeframe set by law.

 

When the Company wishes to convene a meeting by electronic means instead of by mail, it must first obtain the agreement of the shareholders concerned, who must indicate their electronic address.

 

Meetings are held at the registered office or at any other location specified in the notice of meeting.

 

The right to participate in Shareholders' Meetings is governed by the legal and regulatory provisions in force.

 

All shareholders, regardless of the number of shares they own, have the right to attend Shareholders' Meetings and to participate in the deliberations, in person, by proxy or by remote voting, under the conditions and within the time limits provided for by the regulations in force.

 

Shareholders may, in accordance with the conditions laid down by the regulations in force, send in their postal voting form for any Shareholders' Meeting, either in paper form or, if the Board of Directors so decides in the notice of meeting, by remote transmission.

 

The Board of Directors may organize, under the conditions provided for by law and the regulations in force, the participation and voting of shareholders at Meetings by videoconference or by telecommunication means, including the Internet, allowing their identification. If the Board of Directors decides to exercise this option for a given Meeting, this decision of the Board shall be stated in the notice of meeting. Shareholders participating in the Meetings by videoconference or by any of the other means of telecommunication referred to above, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, are deemed to be present for the purposes of calculating the quorum and the majority. Shareholders who use the electronic voting form offered on the website set up by the meeting's centralizing agent are deemed to be present. The electronic form can be entered and signed directly on this site by means of an identification code and a password. The proxy or vote thus expressed before the Meeting by this electronic means, as well as the acknowledgement of receipt thereof, will be considered as non-revocable writings and binding on all.

 

Postal voting forms and proxies given to be represented at a Meeting may include an electronic signature of the shareholder or of his legal or judicial representative in the form of a process that complies with the requirements of Article 1316-4 paragraph 2 of the Civil Code, i.e. a reliable identification process that guarantees its link with the act to which it relates.

 

Articles of Association – June 28th, 2024 - English translation for information purposes only11/14

 

 

All shareholders have the right to obtain the documents necessary to enable them to make fully informed decisions on the management and operation of the Company.

 

The nature of these documents and the conditions under which they are sent or made available are determined by law and regulations.

 

Meetings are chaired by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or, in his absence, by the Chief Executive Officer, by a Chief Operating Officer if he is a director, or by a director specially delegated for this purpose by the Board. Failing this, the Meeting shall elect its own Chairman.

 

The functions of scrutineers are performed by the two shareholders, present and accepting these functions, who have, both by themselves and as proxies, the greatest number of votes.

 

The bureau appoints the secretary, who may be chosen from outside the shareholders.

 

An attendance sheet is kept under the conditions provided for by law.

 

The minutes are drawn up in accordance with the law. Copies or extracts of the minutes of the Meeting are validly certified by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, by a director exercising the functions of Chief Executive Officer or by the Secretary of the Meeting.

 

ARTICLE 23 - EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETINGS

 

The Extraordinary Shareholders' Meeting convened on the first or second notice of meeting may only validly deliberate if the shareholders present or represented hold at least 33⅓ of the shares with voting rights.

 

Decisions of the Extraordinary Shareholders' Meeting are taken by a two-thirds majority of the votes cast by the shareholders present or represented. The votes cast do not include those attached to shares for which the shareholder has not taken part in the vote, has abstained or has voted blank or invalid.

 

 

ARTICLE 24 - ORDINARY GENERAL MEETINGS

 

The Ordinary Shareholders' Meeting convened on the first or second notice of meeting may only validly deliberate if the shareholders present or represented hold at least 33⅓ of the shares with voting rights.

 

Decisions of the Ordinary General Meeting are taken by a majority of the votes cast by the shareholders present or represented. The votes cast do not include those attached to shares for which the shareholder has not taken part in the vote, has abstained or has voted blank or invalid.

 

TITLE VII

INVENTORIES - PROFITS – RESERVES

 

 

ARTICLE 25 - COMPANY’S FISCAL YEAR

 

Each fiscal year shall cover a period of twelve months starting on January 1st and ending on next December 31st.

 

ARTICLE 26 - INVENTORY – ACCOUNTS

 

Regularly accounting of corporate operations is held in compliance with Law.

 

Articles of Association – June 28th, 2024 - English translation for information purposes only12/14

 

 

At the end of the each fiscal year, the Board draws up an inventory and the financial statements.

 

A management report is prepared on the situation of the Company over the last fiscal year, its expected evolution, the major events which occurred between the date of the end of the last fiscal year and the date on which the management report is prepared and on its activities in research and development.

 

All these documents are made available to the Auditors disposal according the provisions set forth by the law.

 

ARTICLE 27 - FIXING, ALLOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF PROFITS

 

On the profit of each fiscal year subject to reduction of the amount of the previous law, an amount equal to 5 % of it shall be allocated in order to constitute the legal funds ; such allocation is no longer compulsory when the said funds amount to 10 % of the registered capital ; should the amount of the legal funds become inferior of the registered capital, such allocation should have to be implemented.

 

The General Meeting may allocate any amount to the appropriation of all optional, ordinary or extraordinary funds or carrying it forward.

 

The profit of the fiscal year reduced by the amount of previous losses and by the amount to be allocated to the reserves according any legal provisions or bylaws and increased by the amount of the carried forward profit constitutes the distributable profit.

 

Further to the approval on the financial statement and the determination of the distributable amounts, the General Meeting decides the amount of the dividends to be distributed to the shareholders. The General Meeting may also decide on the distribution of amounts appropriated from the reserves it has available either to provide or complete dividends or as extraordinary distribution ; in such a case, the decision shall expressly indicate the reserve items from which the distributions are made. However, the dividends have to be priorly distributed from the distributable profit of the current fiscal year.

 

ARTICLE 28 - PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS

 

The terms and conditions of payment of dividends voted by the General Meeting are decided by the relevant meeting or, failing such decision, by the Board. However, the payment must occur within a period which can not exceed nine months from the end of the fiscal year unless a court decision authorizes an extension of such time limit for payment.

 

Dividends which are not claimed within five years from their maturity date shall be bared.

 

TITLE VIII

EXTENSION - DISSOLUTION - WINDING UP

 

ARTICLE 29 - EXTENSION

 

At least one year prior to the expiration date of the Company, the Board must convene a Extraordinary Shareholders' General Meeting to decide the prorogation of the Company; such prorogation may not exceed 99 years.

 

Failing such Extraordinary Shareholders' General Meeting, any shareholder may fifteen days further to a formal notice sent to the Chairman of the Board, by registered letter remaining unsuccessful, request from the courts the appointment of a Agent in charge of convening the meeting here above.

 

ARTICLE 30 - DISSOLUTION

 

The Extraordinary Shareholders' Meeting may, at any time, decide the accelerated dissolution of the Company.

 

If - as a consequence of the losses showed by the Company's accounts, the net assets of the Company are reduced below one half of the registered capital of the Company, the Board of Directors must, within four months from the approval of the accounts showing this loss, convene an Extraordinary Shareholders' General Meeting in order to decide whether the Company should be dissolved before its statutory term.

 

Articles of Association – June 28th, 2024 - English translation for information purposes only13/14

 

 

If the dissolution is not declared, the company is required to, at the latest at the closing of the second fiscal year following that which has showed the losses, restore the net assets up to an amount at least equal to one half of the capital or, subject to the legal provisions concerning the minimum capital of sociétés anonymes, reduce its capital by the necessary amount so that the amount of net assets is at least equal to one half of the capital.

 

If, before the expiry of the term mentioned above, the net assets have not been restored up to an amount at least equal to one half of the capital while the capital is greater than the threshold set forth by the applicable legal provisions, the company is required to, at the latest at the closing of the second fiscal year following the expiry of such term, reduce its capital, subject to the legal provisions concerning the minimum capital of sociétés anonymes, by the necessary amount so that the amount of capital is lower than or equal to this threshold.

 

If, pursuant to the preceding paragraph, the Company has reduced its capital without restoring its net assets, and subsequently carries out a capital increase, it will be required to comply with the provisions of the preceding paragraph before the end of the second fiscal year following that in which the capital increase took place.

 

Failing such meeting of the Extraordinary Shareholders' General Meeting as well as when the meeting has not been able validly to take its resolutions, any person with an interest to do so may file a claim before a court for the dissolution of the Company.

 

The Company is in liquidation at the time of its dissolution, whatever the reason. Its legal personality remains for the needs of the liquidation until it is closed.

 

During the liquidation, the General Meeting keeps the same powers as when the Company existed.

 

The shares remain negotiable until the liquidation is closed.

 

The dissolution of the Company is opposable to third parties only as from the date when the dissolution is published at the Trade and Corporate Registry.

 

ARTICLE 31 - WINDING UP

 

The winding up of the Company shall be carried out under the conditions provided for sectuions L.237-1 to L.237-31 of the French Commercial Code and under the provisions of the decree of March 23rd, 1967 referred to for their application.

 

Further to the extinction of the liabilities, the reimbursement of the shares nominal (registered) capital shall be carried out. The liquidation bonus shall be distributed to the shareholders in a due proportion of their respective rights.

 

TITLE IX

DISPUTES - ELECTION OF DOMICILE

 

ARTICLE 32 - DISPUTES

 

Any disputes arising during the existence or the winding up of the Company either between the shareholders and the company or between the shareholders themselves and related to corporate matters shall be submitted to the Courts of the location of the registered office.

 

 

Articles of Association – June 28th, 2024 - English translation for information purposes only 14/14