Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of our report dated April 1, 2024 with respect to the consolidated audited financial statements of Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Our report contains an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

We also consent to the references to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.

/s/ MaloneBailey, LLP

www.malonebailey.com

Houston, Texas

June 14, 2024