EX-99.2 3 colb2024q3earningspresen.htm THIRD QUARTER 2024 INVESTOR PRESENTATION colb2024q3earningspresen
3rd Quarter 2024 Earnings Presentation October 24, 2024


 
Disclaimer FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This presentation includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the "Safe-Harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which management believes are a benefit to shareholders. These statements are necessarily subject to risk and uncertainty and actual results could differ materially due to various risk factors, including those set forth from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and we undertake no obligation to update any such statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as "anticipates," "intends," "plans," "seeks," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "target," "projects," "outlook," "forecast," "will," "may," "could," "should," "can" and similar references to future periods. In this press release we make forward- looking statements about strategic and growth initiatives and the result of such activity. Risks and uncertainties that could cause results to differ from forward-looking statements we make include, without limitation: current and future economic and market conditions, including the effects of declines in housing and commercial real estate prices, high unemployment rates, continued inflation and any recession or slowdown in economic growth particularly in the western United States; economic forecast variables that are either materially worse or better than end of quarter projections and deterioration in the economy that could result in increased loan and lease losses, especially those risks associated with concentrations in real estate related loans; our ability to effectively manage problem credits; the impact of bank failures or adverse developments at other banks on general investor sentiment regarding the liquidity and stability of banks; changes in interest rates that could significantly reduce net interest income and negatively affect asset yields and valuations and funding sources; changes in the scope and cost of FDIC insurance and other coverage; our ability to successfully implement efficiency and operational excellence initiatives; our ability to successfully develop and market new products and technology; changes in laws or regulations; any failure to realize the anticipated benefits of the merger when expected; potential adverse reactions or changes to business or employee relationships, including those resulting from the completion of the merger and integration of the companies; the effect of geopolitical instability, including wars, conflicts and terrorist attacks; and natural disasters and other similar unexpected events outside of our control. We also caution that the amount and timing of any future common stock dividends or repurchases will depend on the earnings, cash requirements and financial condition of Columbia, market conditions, capital requirements, applicable law and regulations (including federal securities laws and federal banking regulations), and other factors deemed relevant by Columbia's Board of Directors, and may be subject to regulatory approval or conditions. NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES In addition to results presented in accordance with GAAP, this presentation contains certain non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP measures is included in the Appendix. The Company believes presenting certain non-GAAP financial measures provides investors with information useful in understanding our financial performance, our performance trends, and our financial position. We utilize these measures for internal planning and forecasting purposes, and operating pre-provision net revenue and operating return on tangible common equity are also used as part of our incentive compensation program for our executive officers. We, as well as securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties, also use these measures to compare peer company operating performance. We believe that our presentation and discussion, together with the accompanying reconciliations, provides a complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business and allows investors to view performance in a manner similar to management. These non-GAAP measures should not be considered a substitution for GAAP basis measures and results, and we strongly encourage investors to review our consolidated financial statements in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure. Because non-GAAP financial measures are not standardized, it may not be possible to compare these financial measures with other companies’ non-GAAP financial measures having the same or similar names. REVERSE ACQUISITION METHOD OF ACCOUNTING On February 28, 2023, Columbia Banking System, Inc. (“Columbia,” “we,” or “our”) completed its merger with Umpqua Holdings Corporation ("UHC"), combining the two premier banks in the Northwest to create one of the largest banks headquartered in the West (the "merger"). Columbia's financial results for any periods ended prior to February 28, 2023 reflect UHC results only on a standalone basis. In addition, Columbia's reported financial results for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 reflect UHC financial results only until the closing of the merger after the close of business on February 28, 2023. As a result of these two factors, Columbia's financial results for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 may not be directly comparable to prior reported periods. Under the reverse acquisition method of accounting, the assets and liabilities of Columbia as of February 28, 2023 ("historical Columbia") were recorded at their respective fair values. 2


 
Columbia Banking System: A Franchise Like No Other 3 West-Focused Regional Powerhouse Business Bank of Choice ■ In-market, relationship-based commercial banking ■ Attractive footprint in high-growth markets ■ Full suite of deposit products and services with contemporary digital capabilities ■ Expertise in treasury management, foreign exchange, and global cash management ■ Expanding small business platform ■ Comprehensive and growing wealth advisory and trust businesses ■ Niche verticals include diverse agricultural, healthcare, tribal banking, and equipment finance Columbia at a Glance Co rp or at e Ticker COLB Headquarters Tacoma, Washington Offices ~300 in eight states Fi na nc ia ls a s of S ep te m be r 30 , 2 02 4 Assets $52 billion Loans $38 billion Deposits $42 billion Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio 10.3%(1) Total Capital Ratio 12.5%(1) (1) Regulatory capital ratios are estimates pending completion and filing of Columbia’s regulatory reports.


 
Why Columbia? 4 ■ Community banking at scale business model drives granular, low-cost core deposit base ■ Opportunity to gain share in California and growing metros in the West while increasing density in the Northwest ■ Solid capital generation supports long-term organic growth and return to shareholders ■ Strong credit quality supported by diversified, well-structured, and conservatively underwritten loan portfolio ■ Compelling culture with deep community ties that is reflected in our proven ability to attract and retain top banking talent ■ Scaled western franchise that is difficult to replicate provides scarcity value


 
Operating in Large, Attractive Western Markets 5 Foothold in the West(1) Northwest (population in millions) Seattle, WA Portland, OR California and Nevada Los Angeles, CA Sacramento, CA Other West Phoenix, AZ Denver, CO 4.1mm 2.5mm 12.9mm 2.4mm 5.1mm 3.0mm Top Regional Bank in the NW (WA, OR, ID)(1) Total Northwest Rank Bank (HQ State) Assets ($B) Deposits ($B) Mkt Shr 1 Bank of America (NC) $3,258 $58 16.4 % 2 U.S. Bancorp (MN) 680 52 14.7 % 3 JPMorgan (NY) 4,143 45 12.7 % 4 Wells Fargo (CA) 1,940 40 11.3 % 5 COLB (WA) 52 34 9.6 % 6 KeyCorp (OH) 187 18 5.2 % 7 WaFd (WA) 29 12 3.4 % 8 Banner Corp. (WA) 16 11 3.0 % 5th Largest Bank HQ’d in our Footprint(1) Total Eight-State Footprint Rank Bank (HQ State) Assets ($B) Deposits ($B) Mkt Shr 1 Wells Fargo (CA) $1,940 $448 12.4 % 2 Zions (UT) 88 59 1.7 % 3 Western Alliance (AZ) 81 65 1.8 % 4 East West (CA) 72 52 1.5 % 5 COLB (WA) 52 42 1.2 % 6 Banc of California (CA) 35 24 0.7 % 7 WaFd (WA) 29 19 0.5 % 8 FirstBank (CO) 27 24 0.7 % Established Presence in Attractive Markets(1) ■ Our market share in the Northwest stands with large national and super regional banks, at nearly 10% ■ Our foothold in top western markets and scaled franchise provide us the opportunity to increase share in California, Arizona, Colorado, and Utah ■ Projected population growth of 3.2% over the next five years in our collective footprint exceeds the national average of 2.4% ■ Current household income in our footprint is 108% of the national average, and the five-year growth rate of 10.4% compares favorably to 10.1% nationally Boise, ID Salt Lake City, UT Las Vegas, NV 0.8mm 2.4mm 1.3mm (1) Population, household income, and asset data sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence. Total assets as of June 30, 2024. Deposits and market share data sourced from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) as of June 30, 2024 and adjusted to a pro forma basis by the FDIC. Groups represent banks headquartered in the United States.


 
Opportunity to Increase Density and Gain Share throughout Our Footprint 6 Expand Footprint in California Broaden Presence in Other Western MarketsImprove Density in the Northwest Population Deposits ($mm) COLB MSA(1) (000s) Market COLB Mkt Shr Seattle 4,107 $140,176 $7,154 5.1 % Portland 2,537 65,049 5,328 8.2 % Boise 835 16,828 220 1.3 % Spokane 605 13,872 3,860 27.8 % Population Deposits ($mm) COLB MSA(1) (000s) Market COLB Mkt Shr Phoenix 5,120 $171,020 Adding targeted retail locations to support existing commercial banking presence Denver 3,031 110,993 Salt Lake City 1,284 76,171 Las Vegas 2,368 75,408 Population Deposits ($mm) COLB MSA(1) (000s) Market COLB Mkt Shr Los Angeles 12,869 $655,591 $1,045 0.2 % Sacramento 2,440 92,125 1,879 2.0 % San Francisco 4,592 428,928 518 0.1 % San Diego 3,298 106,844 34 < 0.1% (1) Population data sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence. Deposits and market share data sourced from the FDIC as of June 30, 2024 and adjusted to a pro forma basis by the FDIC.


 
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS


 
YTD 2024 Highlights 8 ■ Completed an enterprise-wide evaluation of our operations during Q1 2024 that resulted in consolidated positions, simplified reporting and organizational structures, and an improved profitability outlook. Identified gross savings of $82 million ($70 million net of planned reinvestments) that drive an expected Q4 2024 core expense run rate of $965 million to $985 million annualized, which excludes CDI amortization and non-operating expense(1). ■ Implemented targeted small business campaigns that use bundled solutions for customers without promotional pricing. Our new Business Online Banking platform, which was introduced during Q2 2024 to specifically meet the needs of our small business customers, has enhanced our teams’ ability to generate new business and deepen relationships with existing customers. ■ Generated approximately $600 million in new deposits through three highly successful campaigns, inclusive of the current campaign that runs through mid-November. ■ Account retention from campaigns one and two exceeds 99%. ■ Treasury management and commercial card income increased 12% and 19%, respectively, for the YTD period compared to the comparable period in 2023. Pipelines for these key contributors to core fee income remain strong. Reported Operating(1) $390 million $418 million Net Income Net Income $604 million $641 million Pre-Provision Net Revenue(1) Pre-Provision Net Revenue $1.87 $2.00 Earnings-per-Share - Diluted Earnings-per-Share - Diluted 1.00% 1.07% Return on Assets Return on Assets 1.55% 1.65% PPNR Return on Assets(1) PPNR Return on Assets 10.42% 11.17% Return on Equity Return on Equity 15.27% 16.36% Return on Tangible Common Equity(1) Return on Tangible Common Equity (1) Non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation to the comparable GAAP measurement for each is provided in the Appendix of this slide presentation.


 
Third Quarter 2024 Highlights 9 ■ Opened Umpqua Bank’s second retail branch in Arizona and announced a planned third location in the state, as we continue to reallocate savings from strategic consolidations into new locations in targeted growth markets. ■ Published the Umpqua Bank 2024 Business Barometer, an in-depth study into the mood, mindset, and strategic priorities of small and middle market businesses across the United States. The report serves as the foundation for topical discussions with key business leaders across our footprint. ■ Began the rollout of a new Customer Relationship Management (“CRM”) tool to enhance our bankers’ ability to provide exceptional service, improve organizational efficiency, and increase opportunities to generate revenue through needs-based solutions for existing and prospective customers. ■ Awarded 56 grants to local nonprofits across our Western footprint as part of our 2024 Community Grants Program. ■ Total risk-based capital ratio of 12.5%(2) as of September 30, 2024 highlights continued strong net capital generation since the merger closed in Q1 2023. Reported Operating(1) $146 million $143 million Net Income Net Income $225 million $221 million Pre-Provision Net Revenue(1) Pre-Provision Net Revenue $0.70 $0.69 Earnings-per-Share - Diluted Earnings-per-Share - Diluted 1.12% 1.10% Return on Assets Return on Assets 1.72% 1.69% PPNR Return on Assets(1) PPNR Return on Assets 11.36% 11.15% Return on Equity Return on Equity 16.34% 16.04% Return on Tangible Common Equity(1) Return on Tangible Common Equity (1) Non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation to the comparable GAAP measurement for each is provided in the Appendix of this slide presentation. (2) Regulatory capital ratios are estimates pending completion and filing of Columbia’s regulatory reports.


 
Our Diversified Commercial Bank Business Model with a Strong Retail Network Supports our Granular, High-Quality Deposit Base Non-interest, 33% Demand, 20% Money Market, 27% Savings, 6% Time, 14% Enterprise-wide Deposit Composition 10 ■ Deposits were $42 billion as of September 30, 2024 and represented by a granular base that is diversified by business line, industry, and geography. Our average customer account balance is $35 thousand(1). ■ Our use of public and brokered deposits as a source of funding beyond term debt impacts the composition of our enterprise-wide deposit portfolio. We believe our customer deposit composition(1) is more illustrative of the quality of Columbia’s core deposit franchise. Our bankers’ activity is geared toward protecting the quality of our relationship-based franchise while generating net customer balance growth to reduce the need for non-core funding sources over time. During Q3 2024, customer balance growth enabled us to reduce brokered deposit balances by 20%. Commercial, 28% Commercial - Small Business, 20% Consumer, 38% Brokered, 6% Public & Other, 8% Deposits by Category Customer Deposit Composition(1) Non-interest, 36% Demand, 19% Money Market, 28%Savings, 7% Time, 10% (1) Excludes all public, administrative, and brokered deposits, as detailed on the “Liquidity Overview” slide in the Appendix. Excluded balances accounted for 14% of total deposits as of September 30, 2024. This is a non-GAAP financial measure.


 
Available-for-Sale Securities Portfolio as of September 30, 2024 ($ in millions) Current Par Amortized Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value % of Total AFS Portfolio Effective Duration Book Yield U.S. Treasuries $375 $369 $1 ($2) $368 4 % 1.7 3.51 % U.S. Agencies 1,156 1,171 $9 ($52) 1,128 13 % 3.6 2.79 % Mortgage-backed securities - residential agency 3,055 2,859 $25 ($213) 2,670 31 % 6.4 3.25 % Collateralized mortgage obligations(1) 1,263 1,181 $15 ($86) 1,110 13 % 5.5 3.51 % Obligations of states and political subdivisions 1,121 1,061 $19 ($19) 1,062 12 % 4.4 3.42 % Commercial mortgage-backed securities - agency 2,462 2,330 $37 ($28) 2,339 27 % 4.1 4.67 % Total available for sale securities $9,433 $8,970 $107 ($400) $8,677 4.9 3.62 % Percentage of current par 95% 1% (4%) 92% 11 Securities Portfolio Overview Note: Table may not foot due to rounding. (1) Portfolio includes $261 million in high-quality non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMO”) that were in a small unrealized gain position at September 30, 2024 (amortized cost of $253 million). The remaining $850 million of the portfolio is comprised primarily of residential agency CMOs. ■ The total available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities portfolio had a book yield of 3.62% and an effective duration of 4.9 as of September 30, 2024, compared to 3.63% and 5.2, respectively, as of June 30, 2024. ■ As of September 30, 2024, 64% of the AFS securities portfolio (by fair value) was in an unrealized gain position and had a weighted average book yield of 4.57%. The remaining 36% of the portfolio was in an unrealized loss position and had a weighted average book yield of 2.15%. Unrealized Gain, 64% Unrealized Loss, 36% Available-for-Sale Securities Portfolio Percentage at Gain / Loss as of September 30, 2024


 
Loan Roll Forward Activity $ in m ill io ns Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 $37,710 $875 ($103) ($610) ($311) ($60) $37,503 Beginning Balance (6/30/2024) New Originations Net Advances/ Payments Prepayments Payoffs or Sales Other¹ Ending Balance (9/30/2024) 12 $ in m ill io ns Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 $37,049 $1,019 ($90) ($494) ($343) $30 $37,171 Beginning Balance (6/30/2023) New Originations Net Advances/ Payments Prepayments Payoffs or Sales Other¹ Ending Balance (9/30/2023) $ in m ill io ns Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 $37,442 $— $2,557 ($271) ($1,343) ($955) $74 $37,503 Beginning Balance (12/31/2023) Merger New Originations Net Advances/ Payments PrepaymentsPayoffs or Sales Other¹ Ending Balance (9/30/2024) $ in m ill io ns Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 $26,156 $10,884 $2,982 ($235) ($1,423) ($1,268) $74 $37,171 Beginning Balance (12/31/2022) Merger New Originations Net Advances/ Payments PrepaymentsPayoffs or Sales Other¹ Ending Balance (9/30/2023) Note: Totals may not foot due to rounding. (1) Other includes purchase accounting accretion and amortization and other changes not otherwise defined.


 
Diversified, High Quality Loan and Lease Portfolio Note: Portfolio statistics and delinquencies as of September 30, 2024. Annualized net charge-off rates for Q3 2024. Loan-to-value (“LTV”), FICO, and debt service coverage (“DSC”) ratios are based on weighted averages for portfolios where data are available. LTV represents average LTV based on most recent appraisal against updated loan balance. Totals may not foot due to rounding. • Portfolio average loan size of $481,000 • 3Q24 average loan size of $326,000 • Portfolio average FICO of 761 and LTV of 62% • 3Q24 average FICO of 761 and LTV of 66% • Total delinquencies of 1.18% • Annualized net charge-off (recovery) rate of 0.05% Non-owner Occupied CRE • Portfolio average loan size of $1.7 million • 3Q24 average loan size of $2.8 million • Portfolio average LTV of 51% and DSC of 1.89 • 3Q24 average LTV of 54% and DSC of 1.94 • Total delinquencies of 0.10% • Annualized net charge-off (recovery) rate of 0.00% Commercial & Industrial • Portfolio average loan size of $714,000 • 3Q24 average loan size of $872,000 • Total delinquencies of 0.57% • Annualized net charge-off (recovery) rate of 0.37% Multifamily • Portfolio average loan size of $2.3 million • 3Q24 average loan size of $897,000 • Portfolio average LTV of 54% and DSC of 1.57 • 3Q24 average LTV of 66% and DSC of 1.59 • Total delinquencies of 0.00% • Annualized net charge-off (recovery) rate of 0.00% Owner Occupied CRE • Portfolio average loan size of $1.0 million • 3Q24 average loan size of $1.4 million • Portfolio average LTV of 55% • 3Q24 average LTV of 59% • Total delinquencies of 0.64% • Annualized net charge-off (recovery) rate of 0.00% Lease & Equipment Finance (FinPac) • Portfolio average loan & lease size of $42,000 • 3Q24 average loan & lease size of $55,000 • Portfolio average yield: ~10% • Total delinquencies of 3.57% • Annualized net charge-off (recovery) rate of 4.76% Puget Sound, 20% WA Other, 8% Portland Metro, 13% OR Other, 14% Bay Area, 7% Northern CA, 9% Southern CA, 15% Other, 14% Mortgage, 16% FinPac, 4% C&I, 23% Owner Occupied CRE, 14% Non-OO CRE, 17% Multifamily, 15% Other Loan Categories, 13% Portfolio Composition at September 30, 2024 Geographic Distribution at September 30, 2024 Mortgage 13


 
C&I and CRE Portfolio Composition Agriculture, 9.2% Contractors, 7.7% Finance/Insurance, 7.6% Manufacturing, 7.2% Professional, 3.8% Public Admin, 6.3% Rental & Leasing, 6.3% Retail, 2.7% Support Services, 4.8% Transportation/ Warehousing, 7.9% Wholesale, 6.6% Gaming, 5.6% Dentists, 7.1% Other Healthcare, 4.4% Other, 12.8% Office, 16.3% Multifamily, 33.4% Industrial, 15.9% Retail, 11.4% Special Purpose, 7.5% Hotel/Motel, 4.2% Other, 11.4% CRE Portfolio Composition(1) $17.4 Billion at September 30, 2024 C&I Portfolio Composition(1) $9.7 Billion at September 30, 2024 (1) C&I portfolio composition includes term, lines of credit & other, and leases & equipment finance balances. CRE portfolio composition includes non-owner occupied term and owner occupied term balances as well as multifamily balances. (2) Owner occupied and non-owner occupied disclosure relates to commercial real estate portfolio excluding multifamily loans. 45% Owner Occupied / 55% Non-Owner Occupied(2)Commercial Line Utilization was 37% at September 30, 2024 14


 
Office Portfolio Details Puget Sound, 21% WA Other, 5% Portland Metro, 12% OR Other, 16%Bay Area, 6% N. CA, 11% S. CA, 20% Other, 9% Office Portfolio Metrics at September 30, 2024 Average loan size $1.36 million Average LTV 57% DSC (non-owner occupied) 1.80x % with guaranty (by $ / by #) 86% / 84% Past due 30-89 days $0 Nonaccrual $11.4mm / 0.38% of office Special mention $12.6mm / 0.42% of office Classified $94.1mm / 3.17% of office Number of Loans by Balance Geography 15 ■ Loans secured by office properties represented 8% of our total loan portfolio as of September 30, 2024. ■ Our office portfolio is 40% owner occupied, 57% non-owner occupied, and 3% construction. Dental and other healthcare loans compose 18% of our office portfolio. ■ The average loan size in our office portfolio is $1.36 million. There were no delinquencies as of September 30, 2024, and the majority of our loans contain a guaranty. ■ Excluding floating rate loans, only 5% of our office portfolio reprices through 2025. Loans repricing in 2024 and 2025 have average balances of $0.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively. ■ Properties located in suburban markets secure the majority of our office portfolio as only 6% of non-owner occupied office loans are located in downtown core business districts. 1,746 441 71 38 7 6 <$1mm $1-5mm $5-10mm $10-20mm $20-30mm >$30mm 2024, 1% 2025, 4% 2026, 4% 2027 & After, 15% Fixed Rate¹, 69% Floating Rate, 7% Repricing Schedule (1) Loans with a swap component are displayed as a fixed rate loan if the swap maturity is equal to the maturity of the loan. If the swap matures prior to the loan, the loan is displayed as adjustable with the rate resetting at the time of the swap maturity. 2024, 1% 2025, 9% 2026, 6% 2027 & After, 84% Maturity Schedule , 19 8 9 6 7 1,621 0 2 5


 
Continued Strong Credit Quality Provision Expense, Net Charge-Offs to Average Loans, and Nonperforming Assets to Total Assets $36.7 $54.9 $17.1 $31.8 $28.8 0.25% 0.31% 0.47% 0.32% 0.31% 0.20% 0.22% 0.28% 0.30% 0.32% Provision Expense ($mm) Net Charge-Offs / Average Loans (annualized) Non-Performing Assets / Total Assets Q3 2023 Q4 2023 Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 16 Allowance for Credit Losses ("ACL") $438 $464 $437 $439 $438 $86 $80 $74 $69 $65 1.18% 1.24% 1.16% 1.16% 1.17% ACL ($mm) Credit Discount ($mm) ACL / Total Loans and Leases ACL + Credit Discount / Total Loans and Leases Q3 2023 Q4 2023 Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 ■ The remaining credit discount on loans of $65 million as of September 30, 2024 provides an additional 17 basis points of loss absorption when added to the ACL of $438 million. ■ Charge-off activity in Q3 2024 reflects approximately 20% improvement from Q2 2024 in the FinPac business, as lower delinquencies in the transportation sector of the portfolio resulted in lower charge- off activity. Bank charge-offs were 0.10% of average bank loans in Q3 2024 (annualized). ■ Nonperforming loans of $165 million as of September 30, 2024 included $66 million of loans with government guarantees. 1.41% 1.45% 1.36% 1.35% 1.34%


 
ACL Reflects Strong Portfolio Credit Metrics (1) Total includes reserve for unfunded commitments of $18.2 million and $19.9 million as of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively. 17 ■ Our reserve coverage by loan segment and for the overall loan and lease portfolio reflects our robust underwriting criteria and ongoing, routine portfolio monitoring activities. For example, we stress applicable variables, such as interest rates, cash flows, and occupancy, at inception and loan review and limit borrower proceeds as a result. These factors contribute to lower LTVs and higher DSC ratios, which are taken into consideration in the estimation of our ACL. ■ The quarter’s provision expense of $29 million reflects credit migration trends, charge-off activity, and changes in the economic forecasts used in credit models. We used components of Moody’s Analytics’ August 2024 consensus economic forecast to estimate our ACL as of September 30, 2024. Allowance for Credit Losses by Loan Segment ($ in thousands) Commercial Lease & Equipment Commercial Real Estate Residential & Home Equity Consumer Total(1) Remaining Credit Discount on Loans Total ACL including Credit Discount on Loans(1) Balance as of June 30, 2024 $122,128 $104,133 $153,092 $51,163 $8,083 $438,599 $69,177 $507,776 Q3 2024 Net (Charge-offs) Recoveries (7,376) (20,011) 44 (793) (979) (29,115) Reserve Build (Release) 815 16,404 12,838 (2,676) 1,388 28,769 Balance as of September 30, 2024 $115,567 $100,526 $165,974 $47,694 $8,492 $438,253 $65,024 $503,277 % of Loans and Leases Outstanding 1.43% 6.02% 0.85% 0.60% 4.59% 1.17% 1.34%


 
Capital Management 18 Regulatory Capital Ratios: Bank and Holding Company as of September 30, 2024 8.7% 11.1% 11.1% 12.2% 8.1% 10.3% 10.3% 12.5% Umpqua Bank Columbia Banking System Tier 1 Leverage CET1 Tier 1 Capital Total Risk-Based —% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% ■ Regulatory capital ratios declined during Q1 2023 as a result of the merger and the impact of rate-related asset discounts on capital. Our capital ratios have continued to increase on a quarterly basis post merger closing. ■ We expect to organically generate capital above what is required to support prudent growth and our regular dividend, with excess capital driving ratios higher and providing flexibility to consider additional return to shareholders. Note: Umpqua Bank and Columbia Banking System, Inc. long-term capital ratio targets reflect a targeted excess level of capital above regulatory well-capitalized minimums inclusive of the capital conservation buffer (“CCB”) where applicable. The minimum capital ratios to be considered well capitalized inclusive of the CCB are 7.0%, 8.5%, and 10.5% for the common equity tier 1 (“CET1”) ratio, tier 1 capital ratio, and total risk-based capital ratio, respectively. The CCB does not apply to the tier 1 leverage ratio, which has a well-capitalized minimum level of 5.0%. All regulatory capital ratios as of September 30, 2024 are estimates pending completion and filing of Columbia’s and Umpqua Bank’s regulatory reports. Capital Ratios Continue to Trend Up 9.5% 9.6% 9.8% 10.0% 10.3% 11.6% 11.9% 12.0% 12.2% 12.5% COLB: CET1 Ratio COLB: Total RBC Ratio 9/30/2023 12/31/2023 3/31/2024 6/30/2024 09/30/2024 —% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 12% Long-Term Target 9% Long-Term Target 9% Long-Term Target 6.5% Long-Term Target


 
Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin (1) Chart Abbreviations: “PAA” = purchase accounting accretion and amortization; “LHFI” = loans held for investment. Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin $481 $454 $423 $427 $430 3.91% 3.78% 3.52% 3.56% 3.56% Net Interest Income ($ in millions) Net Interest Margin Q3 2023 Q4 2023 Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Net Interest Margin: Q2 2024 vs Q3 2024 3.56% 0.04% (0.03)% (0.03)% 0.01% 0.01% 3.56% Q2 2024 Reported LHFI-ex PAA¹ LHFI-PAA¹ Invest- ments Deposits Other Q3 2024 Reported 19 ■ The net interest margin was unchanged between Q2 2024 and Q3 2024 at 3.56%, which compares to 3.53% for the month of September. A favorable balance sheet funding mix shift into lower-cost deposits and a slight increase in total loan yields offset a lower yield on securities, contributing to net interest margin stability between quarters. ■ The cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased 2 basis points from the prior quarter to 2.95% for Q3 2024, which compares to 2.90% for the month of September and 2.74% as of September 30, 2024. ■ The cost of interest-bearing liabilities also decreased 2 basis points from the prior quarter to 3.29% for Q3 2024, which compares to 3.26% for the month of September and 3.13% as of September 30, 2024.


 
Select Asset and Liability Maturity and Repricing Schedules (in Months) at September 30, 2024 ($ in millions) <=3 4 to 6 7 to 12 13 to 24 25 to 36 36+ Total % Total(3) Loans Fixed (maturity)(2) $303 $212 $279 $680 $2,155 $9,726 $13,355 35% Floating (repricing)(2) 13,257 — — — — — 13,257 35% Adjustable (repricing) 637 299 437 1,295 1,471 7,180 11,319 30% Total Loans $14,197 $511 $716 $1,975 $3,626 $16,906 $37,931 100% Time deposits (maturity)(4) $3,478 $1,223 $881 $116 $20 $16 $5,734 Average rate(4) 4.81% 4.28% 3.78% 1.75% 0.34% 0.29% 4.45% Term debt (maturity) $250 $3,400 $— $— $— $— $3,650 Average rate 5.25% 5.03% 5.05% Interest Rate Sensitivity 20 Note: Tables may not foot due to rounding. Loan totals on this slide do not include purchase accounting adjustments. Deferred fees and costs also drive variances between loan totals on this slide and loan totals in the earnings press release. (1) For the scenarios shown, the interest rate simulations assume a parallel and sustained shift in market interest rates ratably over a twelve-month period (ramp) or immediately (shock). The simulation repricing betas applied to interest-bearing deposits in the rising rate and declining rate scenarios are 55% and 54%, respectively, for September 30, 2024. Additional data related to interest rate simulations are available in Columbia’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. (2) Commercial tranche loans that mature in one month are included in the floating rate loan category, not the fixed rate loan category, as these loans reprice in a manner similar to floating rate loans. (3) Floating rate loans are indexed to prime (8% of the total loan portfolio) and 1-month underlying interest rates (27% of the total loan portfolio). When adjustable rate loans reprice, they are indexed to interest rates that span 1-month tenors to 10-year tenors as well as the prime rate; the most prevalent underlying index rates are 6-month tenors (17% of the total loan portfolio) and 5-year tenors (6% of the total loan portfolio). (4) Time deposits maturing in 3 months or less include $1.5 billion in customer CDs at an average rate of 4.44% and $2.0 billion in brokered CDs at an average rate of 5.18%. (5) Loans were grouped into three buckets: (1) No Floor: no contractual floor on the loan; (2) At Floor: current rate = floor; (3) Above Floor: current rate exceeds floor. The amount above the floor was based on the current margin plus the current index assuming the loan repriced on September 30, 2024. The adjustable loans may not reprice until well into the future, depending on the timing and size of interest rate changes. Interest Rate Simulation Impact on Net Interest Income at September 30, 2024(1) Ramp Shock Year 1 Year 2 Year 1 Year 2 Up 200 basis points (0.5)% 0.0% (0.8)% 1.4% Up 100 basis points (0.3)% 0.0% (0.4)% 0.7% Down 100 basis points 0.4% (0.1)% 0.6% (0.8)% Down 200 basis points 1.3% (0.2)% 1.5% (1.9)% Down 300 basis points 2.3% (0.6)% 2.4% (3.5)% Downward Rate Change to Move to Floor at September 30, 2024 ($ in millions) Floating Loans Adjustable Loans Above Floor Total <25 basis points $5 $30 $35 26 to 50 basis points 134 33 167 51 to 75 basis points 25 67 92 76 to 100 basis points 72 128 200 101 to 125 basis points 22 141 163 126 to 150 basisi points 92 103 195 >150 basis points 4,001 8,994 12,995 Total $4,351 $9,496 $13,847 Floors: Floating and Adjustable Rate Loans at September 30, 2024 ($ in millions) No Floor(5) At Floor(5) Above Floor(5) Total Floating $8,692 $214 $4,351 $13,257 Adjustable 1,643 180 9,496 11,319 Total $10,335 $394 $13,847 $24,576 % of Total 42% 2% 56% 100%


 
Longer-Term Balance Sheet Optimization Opportunities as Rates Decline 21 ■ Our relationship-based lending verticals and a strong core deposit base remain the cornerstone of our franchise. Past transactional lending and the wholesale sources that fund these assets have muted the balance sheet’s profitability, but they have not diluted the quality of our core franchise. ■ Current interest rates make outright asset sales unattractive given a lengthy payback period. However, longer term, a decline in rates will reduce or potentially eliminate the drag on earnings as balances organically decline or are sold opportunistically.(2) ■ Further, the remix of funding out into customer deposits and out of transactional sources, which contributed adversely to our repricing betas in the rising rate cycle, would contribute positively to our repricing betas in the declining rate cycle. Opportunity to Strategically Reposition Balance Sheet Over Time Assets Liabilities + Equity $6B Wholesale Funding$2B SFR / $4B MF $9B Securities $37B Relationship Lending & Other Core Banking Franchise $46B Core Deposit Franchise & Capital Opportunity to reduce transactional assets and liabilities Relationship banking supports strong core franchise value (1) Deposit and funding repricing beta data present combined company results as if historical Columbia and historical UHC were one company for all periods through December 31, 2022; subsequent time periods present data on a legal basis given the merger. The beta presentation is calculated in this manner for comparison purposes. (2) While asset classes, like transactional loans within our single-family (“SFR”) and multifamily (“MF”) portfolios, have been identified as potential sources for asset sales if interest rates were to decline further, assets have not been identified for sale. Deposit and Funding Repricing Betas During Current Rate Cycle Effective Fed Funds Rate (Daily Avg.) Cost of: Three Months Ended Interest- Bearing Deposits Total Deposits Total Funding December 31, 2021(1) 0.08% 0.10% 0.05% 0.09% December 31, 2022(1) 3.65% 0.62% 0.35% 0.51% December 31, 2023 5.33% 2.54% 1.63% 2.05% June 30, 2024 5.33% 2.97% 2.01% 2.34% Variance: Q2 2024 less Q4 2021 5.25% 2.87% 1.96% 2.25% Repricing Betas: Rising Rate Cycle 55% 37% 43% September 30, 2024 5.27% 2.95% 1.99% 2.32% Variance: Q3 2024 less Q2 2024 (0.06)% (0.02)% (0.02)% (0.02)% Repricing Betas: Decling Rate Cycle-to-Date 32% 32% 32%


 
Non-Interest Income Note: Tables may not foot due to rounding. (1) Other commercial product revenue includes swaps, syndication, and international banking revenue, which are captured in “other income” on the income statement. Other income statement line items, like card-based fees, include other sources of commercial product revenue. For the Quarter Ended ($ in millions) Q3 2024 Q2 2024 Q1 2024 Q4 2023 Q3 2023 Service charges on deposits $18.5 $18.5 $16.1 $17.3 $17.4 Card-based fees 14.6 14.7 13.2 14.6 15.7 Financial services and trust revenue 5.1 5.4 4.5 3.0 4.7 Residential mortgage banking revenue, net 6.7 5.8 4.6 4.2 7.1 Gain (loss) on equity securities, net 2.3 0.3 (1.6) 2.6 (2.1) Gain (loss) on loan and lease sales, net 0.2 (1.5) 0.2 1.2 1.9 BOLI income 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.4 Other income Other commercial product revenue(1) $2.9 $2.6 $2.3 $3.9 $3.0 Commercial servicing revenue 0.5 0.2 0.6 (0.2) 0.5 Loan-related fees 3.3 4.1 3.7 3.2 3.6 Change in fair value of certain loans held for investment 9.4 (10.1) (2.4) 19.4 (19.2) Misc. income 1.6 (0.4) 3.3 (0.1) 1.3 Swap derivative (loss) gain (3.6) 0.4 1.2 (8.0) 5.7 22 Q3 2024 Highlights (compared to Q2 2024) ■ Our Business Bank of Choice strategy incorporates a collaborative team approach to deliver needs-based solutions to our customers, which deepens relationships and provides growth in sustainable core fee income to the bank. Our year-to-date trends reflect a growing contribution from card activity, financial services and trust activity, and other commercial product revenue like international banking fees. ■ Lower interest rates in Q3 2024 compared to Q2 2024 drove fair value changes in certain loans held for investment, which, when coupled with the swap derivative loss, increased non-interest income by $6 million compared to a $10 million reduction in Q2 2024. These items are captured in other income.


 
Non-Interest Expense 23 $ in m ill io ns Non-Interest Expense ("NIE") $304.1 $337.2 $287.5 $279.2 $271.4 $281.2 $294.3 $276.9 $262.5 $268.4 GAAP Non-Interest Expense Operating Non-Interest Expense¹ Q3 2023 Q4 2023 Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 ■ Non-interest expense in Q3 2024 declined $8 million from the prior quarter to $271 million. Operating non-interest expense(1) increased $6 million from the prior quarter to $268 million. A $6 million reduction in salary and wages expense related to recent initiatives was offset by higher group insurance costs and the impact of an $8 million reversal of prior compensation accruals during Q2 2024, which did not repeat in Q3 2024. ■ We completed an enterprise-wide evaluation of our operations during Q1 2024 that resulted in consolidated positions, simplified reporting and organizational structures, and an improved profitability outlook. Identified savings, which were fully realized as of September 30, 2024, drive an expected Q4 2024 core expense run rate of $965 million to $985 million annualized, which includes all planned reinvestments and excludes CDI amortization and non-operating expense(1). $ in m ill io ns Non-Interest Expense: Q2 2024 vs Q3 2024 $279.2 $(6.0) $1.8 $7.7 $2.4 $(13.7) $271.4 Q2 2024 NIE Salary & Wages Group Insurance 2Q Comp Accrual Reversal Misc. Other Non- operating¹ Q3 2024 NIE (1) Non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation to the comparable GAAP measurement is provided at the end of this slide presentation. Non-operating expense items include exit and disposal costs, merger and restructuring expense, and an FDIC special assessment. These items are detailed in the “Non-GAAP Reconciliation” section of the Appendix. Non-interest expense adjustments were revised subsequent to the Company's reporting of its earnings results for the period ended December 31, 2023. The revision includes the FDIC special assessment in non-interest expense adjustments, which removes the special assessment from the Company's calculation of operating non-interest expense. The Company views the special assessment as an infrequent expense that is outside the control of the Company.


 
A Cost-Conscious Culture Contributes Funding to Franchise Reinvestments 24 $270 Million Gross Cost Savings Realized Since Merger Closing: Equates to 25% of Combined-Company Pre-Merger Cost Base Total Cost Savings: $270 million Savings Fund Franchise Revinvestments ■ We realized $270 million in gross savings in the 18-month period following the merger’s closing, representing 25% of the combined company’s pre-merger cost base. This equates to $213 million on a net basis when franchise reinvestments are taken into account. ■ Reinvestment of $12 million in recent savings, which we expect to extend into 2025, includes: ■ Hiring experienced bankers throughout our footprint ■ Opening de novo branches in targeted growth markets: Arizona, Colorado, Utah, and Southern California ■ Investing in products and technology that create operational efficiencies and revenue growth opportunities 2024 Initiatives Savings: Reinvested, $12 million 2024 Initiatives Savings: Realized, net, $70 million 2023 Merger Savings: Reinvested, $45 million 2023 Merger Savings: Realized, net, $143 million


 
APPENDIX


 
Liquidity Overview Total Available Liquidity at September 30, 2024 ($ in millions) Total off-balance sheet liquidity (available lines of credit): $13,743 Cash and equivalents, less reserve requirement 1,909 Excess bond collateral 3,768 Total available liquidity $19,421 TOTAL AVAILABLE LIQUIDITY AS A PERCENTAGE OF: Assets of $51.9 billion at September 30, 2024 37 % Deposits of $41.5 billion at September 30, 2024 47 % Uninsured deposits of $14.0 billion at September 30, 2024 138 % Total Off-Balance Sheet Liquidity Available at September 30, 2024 ($ in millions) Gross Availability Utilization Net Availability FHLB lines $11,783 $2,370 $9,413 Federal Reserve Discount Window 3,730 — 3,730 Federal Reserve Term Funding Program(1) 1,300 1,300 — Uncommitted lines of credit 600 — 600 Total off-balance sheet liquidity $17,413 $3,670 $13,743 26 ■ Customer deposit growth of $602 million during Q3 2024 enabled us to reduce brokered deposit balances by 20%. ■ Customer deposit growth during Q3 2024 was driven by seasonal deposit inflows and successful small business campaigns. Select Balance Sheet Items Three Months Ended Sequential Quarter Change ($ in millions) Q3 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2023 Q3 2024 Commercial deposits $11,758 $11,188 $11,105 $570 Small business deposits 8,217 8,070 8,927 147 Consumer deposits 15,873 15,988 15,881 (115) Total customer deposits 35,848 35,246 35,913 602 Public deposits - non-interest bearing 618 627 627 (9) Public deposits - interest bearing 2,348 2,334 1,815 14 Total public deposits 2,966 2,961 2,442 5 Administrative deposits 167 147 146 19 Brokered deposits 2,534 3,169 3,123 (635) Total deposits $41,515 $41,523 $41,624 ($9) Term debt $3,650 $3,900 $3,985 ($250) Cash & cash equivalents $2,111 $2,069 $2,404 $42 Available-for-sale securities $8,677 $8,503 $8,504 $174 Loans and leases $37,503 $37,710 $37,171 ($207) Note: Tables may not foot due to rounding. (1) The Federal Reserve’s Bank Term Funding Program was discontinued in March 2024. We present associated balances as they were outstanding on Columbia’s balance sheet as of September 30, 2024.


 
Summary Income Statements Note: Tables may not foot due to rounding. (1) Non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation to the comparable GAAP measurement is provided at the end of this slide presentation. For the Quarter Ended ($ in millions, except per-share data) Q3 2024 Q2 2024 Q1 2024 Q4 2023 Q3 2023 Net interest income before provision $430.2 $427.4 $423.4 $453.6 $480.9 Provision for credit losses 28.8 31.8 17.1 54.9 36.7 Net interest income after provision 401.4 395.6 406.2 398.7 444.1 Non-interest income 66.2 44.7 50.4 65.5 44.0 Non-interest expense 271.4 279.2 287.5 337.2 304.1 Income before provision for income taxes 196.3 161.1 169.1 127.1 184.0 Provision for income taxes 50.1 40.9 45.0 33.5 48.1 Net income $146.2 $120.1 $124.1 $93.5 $135.8 Earnings per share, diluted $0.70 $0.57 $0.59 $0.45 $0.65 Operating non-interest expense(1) $ 268.4 $ 262.5 $ 276.9 $ 294.3 $ 281.2 Pre-provision net revenue(1) $225.0 $192.9 $186.2 $182.0 $220.7 Operating pre-provision net revenue(1) $221.4 $219.4 $200.7 $212.1 $258.7 Operating net income(1) $143.5 $140.0 $134.9 $116.1 $164.3 Operating earnings per share, diluted(1) $0.69 $0.67 $0.65 $0.56 $0.79 27 Q3 2024 Highlights (compared to Q2 2024) ■ Net interest income increased by $3 million due to higher income earned on loans, which occurred despite a reduction in accretion income, and relatively stable funding costs. ■ Non-interest income increased by $21 million due to the quarterly fluctuation in cumulative fair value accounting and hedges, which drove $16 million of the change. Higher core banking activity contributed to the remaining increase. ■ Non-interest expense decreased by $8 million due to lower restructuring expense and the impact of other compensation- related items detailed on the “Non- Interest Expense” slide. ■ Provision expense of $29 million compares to $32 million in the prior quarter.


 
Summary Period-End Balance Sheets Note: Tables may not foot due to rounding. (1) Non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation to the comparable GAAP measurement is provided in the appendix of this slide presentation. ($ in millions, except per-share data) Q3 2024 Q2 2024 Q1 2024 Q4 2023 Q3 2023 ASSETS: Total assets $51,908.6 $52,047.5 $52,224.0 $52,173.6 $51,993.8 Interest bearing cash and temporary investments 1,519.7 1,553.6 1,760.9 1,664.0 1,911.2 Investment securities available for sale, fair value 8,676.8 8,503.0 8,616.5 8,829.9 8,504.0 Loans and leases, gross 37,503.0 37,710.0 37,642.4 37,442.0 37,170.6 Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases (420.1) (418.7) (414.3) (440.9) (416.6) Goodwill and other intangibles, net 1,542.5 1,571.6 1,600.8 1,632.9 1,666.1 LIABILITIES AND EQUITY: Deposits 41,514.7 41,523.3 41,706.2 41,607.0 41,624.4 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 183.8 197.9 213.6 252.1 258.4 Borrowings 3,650.0 3,900.0 3,900.0 3,950.0 3,985.0 Total shareholders' equity 5,273.8 4,976.7 4,957.2 4,995.0 4,632.2 RATIOS AND PER-SHARE METRICS: Loan to deposit ratio 90.3% 90.8% 90.3% 90.0% 89.3% Book value per common share $25.17 $23.76 $23.68 $23.95 $22.21 Tangible book value per common share(1) $17.81 $16.26 $16.03 $16.12 $14.22 Common equity to assets ratio 10.2% 9.6% 9.5% 9.6% 8.9% Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio(1) 7.4% 6.7% 6.6% 6.7% 5.9% 28 Q3 2024 Highlights (compared to Q2 2024) ■ Loan balances declined by $207 million during Q3 2024 as healthy customer activity, like loan payoffs related to business and property sales and project completions, offset new originations. Balances were also impacted by a decline in transactional real estate loans, which trended lower as we organically remix the portfolio into relationship-driven commercial loans. ■ Customer deposit growth enabled a 20% reduction in brokered deposits. Our intentional reduction of wholesale funding balances during the quarter kept total deposit balances essentially unchanged. ■ Book value and tangible book value increased 6% and 10%, respectively, due to organic net capital generation and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss.


 
Purchase Accounting Details (1) Table does not capture all assets and liabilities with an associated fair value discount or premium. Assets and liabilities not presented have a significantly smaller impact on income through the accretion or amortization of their discount or premium. (2) The cumulative fair value discount on historical Columbia loans was established as of February 28, 2023, and the allocation between the credit-related discount and the rate-related discount was established at that time. Our disclosure of credit-related and rate-related discount accretion is an estimate based on the relative allocation of these two items to the discount at the closing of the merger. Adjustment at Closing Remaining Balances at Select Purchase Accounting Items(1) February 28, 2023 June 30, 2024 September 30, 2024 Notes ITEMS TO ACCRETE THROUGH INTEREST INCOME: Available for sale securities - rate discount $(1,011) million $(518) million $(497) million While an adjustment to historical Columbia securities’ book value was $1.0 billion at the closing of the merger, the purchase discount that will accrete into interest income over time was $0.6 billion when previously existing purchase premiums and the discount associated with bonds sold as part of the Q1 2023 portfolio restructuring were eliminated. Loans - rate discount(2) $(618) million $(419) million $(398) million Total rate discount on loans and securities $(1,629) million $(938) million $(894) million Loans - credit mark(2) $(130) million $(69) million $(65) million Total discount on loans and securities $(1,759) million $(1,007) million $(959) million Fair value discounts are accreted into interest income using the effective interest method, which amortizes the discount over the life of the loan or security. ITEM TO AMORTIZE THROUGH NON-INTEREST EXPENSE: Core deposit intangible $710 million $542 million $513 million CDI amortizes through non-interest expense over 10 years using the sum-of-the-years-digits method. 29


 
Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Tangible Capital ($ in thousands, except per-share data) 9/30/2024 6/30/2024 3/31/2024 12/31/2023 9/30/2023 Total shareholders' equity a $5,273,828 $4,976,672 $4,957,245 $4,995,034 $4,632,162 Less: Goodwill 1,029,234 1,029,234 1,029,234 1,029,234 1,029,234 Less: Other intangible assets, net 513,303 542,358 571,588 603,679 636,883 Tangible common shareholders’ equity b 3,731,291 3,405,080 3,356,423 3,362,121 2,966,045 Total assets c $51,908,599 $52,047,483 $52,224,006 $52,173,596 $51,993,815 Less: Goodwill 1,029,234 1,029,234 1,029,234 1,029,234 1,029,234 Less: Other intangible assets, net 513,303 542,358 571,588 603,679 636,883 Tangible assets d $50,366,062 $50,475,891 $50,623,184 $50,540,683 $50,327,698 Common shares outstanding at period end e 209,532 209,459 209,370 208,585 208,575 Total shareholders' equity to total assets ratio a / c 10.16 % 9.56 % 9.49 % 9.57 % 8.91 % Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio b / d 7.41 % 6.75 % 6.63 % 6.65 % 5.89 % Book value per common share a / e $25.17 $23.76 $23.68 $23.95 $22.21 Tangible book value per common share b / e $17.81 $16.26 $16.03 $16.12 $14.22 30


 
Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Adjustments and Average Balances For the Quarter Ended For the Nine Months Ended ($ in thousands) 9/30/2024 6/30/2024 3/31/2024 12/31/2023 9/30/2023 9/30/2024 9/30/2023 Non-Interest Income Adjustments Gain (loss) on sale of debt securities, net $ 3 $ (1) $ 12 $ 9 $ 4 $ 14 $ 4 Gain (loss) on equity securities, net 2,272 325 (1,565) 2,636 (2,055) 1,032 (336) (Loss) gain on swap derivatives (3,596) 424 1,197 (8,042) 5,700 (1,975) 3,445 Change in fair value of certain loans held for investment 9,365 (10,114) (2,372) 19,354 (19,247) (3,121) (16,724) Change in fair value of MSR due to valuation inputs or assumptions (6,540) 1,238 3,117 (6,251) 5,308 (2,185) 129 MSR hedge gain (loss) 5,098 (1,611) (4,271) 5,026 (4,733) (784) (9,719) Total non-interest income adjustments a $ 6,602 $ (9,739) $ (3,882) $ 12,732 $ (15,023) $ (7,019) $ (23,201) Non-Interest Expense Adjustments Merger and restructuring expense $ 2,364 $ 14,641 $ 4,478 $ 7,174 $ 18,938 $ 21,483 $ 164,485 Exit and disposal costs 631 1,218 1,272 2,791 4,017 3,121 7,427 FDIC special assessment(1) — 884 4,848 32,923 — 5,732 — Total non-interest expense adjustments b $ 2,995 $ 16,743 $ 10,598 $ 42,888 $ 22,955 $ 30,336 $ 171,912 Average Assets n $ 52,009,017 $ 51,981,555 $ 52,083,973 $ 51,832,356 $ 53,011,361 $ 52,024,790 $ 48,709,067 Less: Average goodwill and other intangible assets, net 1,559,696 1,588,239 1,619,134 1,652,282 1,684,093 1,588,916 1,345,833 Average tangible assets o $ 50,449,321 $ 50,393,316 $ 50,464,839 $ 50,180,074 $ 51,327,268 $ 50,435,874 $ 47,363,234 Average common shareholders’ equity p $ 5,118,592 $ 4,908,239 $ 4,985,875 $ 4,695,736 $ 4,866,975 $ 5,004,653 $ 4,389,549 Less: Average goodwill and other intangible assets, net 1,559,696 1,588,239 1,619,134 1,652,282 1,684,093 1,588,916 1,345,833 Average tangible common equity q $ 3,558,896 $ 3,320,000 $ 3,366,741 $ 3,043,454 $ 3,182,882 $ 3,415,737 $ 3,043,716 Weighted average basic shares outstanding r 208,545 208,498 208,260 208,083 208,070 208,435 190,997 Weighted average diluted shares outstanding s 209,454 209,011 208,956 208,739 208,645 209,137 191,546 31 (1) Non-interest expense adjustments were revised subsequent to the Company's reporting of its earnings results for the period ended December 31, 2023. The revision includes the FDIC special assessment in non-interest expense adjustments, which removes the special assessment from the Company's calculation of operating non-interest expense. The Company views the special assessment as an infrequent expense that is outside the control of the Company.


 
Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Income Statements For the Quarter Ended For the Nine Months Ended ($ in thousands) 9/30/2024 6/30/2024 3/31/2024 12/31/2023 9/30/2023 9/30/2024 9/30/2023 Net interest income c $ 430,218 $ 427,449 $ 423,362 $ 453,623 $ 480,875 $ 1,281,029 $ 1,339,548 Non-interest income (GAAP) d $ 66,159 $ 44,703 $ 50,357 $ 65,533 $ 43,981 $ 161,219 $ 138,394 Less: Non-interest income adjustments a (6,602) 9,739 3,882 (12,732) 15,023 7,019 23,201 Operating non-interest income (non-GAAP) e $ 59,557 $ 54,442 $ 54,239 $ 52,801 $ 59,004 $ 168,238 $ 161,595 Revenue (GAAP) f=c+d $ 496,377 $ 472,152 $ 473,719 $ 519,156 $ 524,856 $ 1,442,248 $ 1,477,942 Operating revenue (non-GAAP) g=c+e $ 489,775 $ 481,891 $ 477,601 $ 506,424 $ 539,879 $ 1,449,267 $ 1,501,143 Non-interest expense (GAAP) h $ 271,358 $ 279,244 $ 287,516 $ 337,176 $ 304,147 $ 838,118 $ 975,524 Less: Non-interest expense adjustments b (2,995) (16,743) (10,598) (42,888) (22,955) (30,336) (171,912) Operating non-interest expense (non-GAAP) i $ 268,363 $ 262,501 $ 276,918 $ 294,288 $ 281,192 $ 807,782 $ 803,612 Net income (GAAP) j $ 146,182 $ 120,144 $ 124,080 $ 93,531 $ 135,845 $ 390,406 $ 255,184 Provision for income taxes 50,068 40,944 44,987 33,540 48,127 135,999 88,944 Income before provision for income taxes 196,250 161,088 169,067 127,071 183,972 526,405 344,128 Provision for credit losses 28,769 31,820 17,136 54,909 36,737 77,725 158,290 Pre-provision net revenue (PPNR) (non-GAAP) k 225,019 192,908 186,203 181,980 220,709 604,130 502,418 Less: Non-interest income adjustments a (6,602) 9,739 3,882 (12,732) 15,023 7,019 23,201 Add: Non-interest expense adjustments b 2,995 16,743 10,598 42,888 22,955 30,336 171,912 Operating PPNR (non-GAAP) l $ 221,412 $ 219,390 $ 200,683 $ 212,136 $ 258,687 $ 641,485 $ 697,531 Net income (GAAP) j $ 146,182 $ 120,144 $ 124,080 $ 93,531 $ 135,845 $ 390,406 $ 255,184 Less: Non-interest income adjustments a (6,602) 9,739 3,882 (12,732) 15,023 7,019 23,201 Add: Non-interest expense adjustments b 2,995 16,743 10,598 42,888 22,955 30,336 171,912 Tax effect of adjustments 902 (6,621) (3,620) (7,539) (9,482) (9,339) (45,028) Operating net income (non-GAAP) m $ 143,477 $ 140,005 $ 134,940 $ 116,148 $ 164,341 $ 418,422 $ 405,269 32


 
Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Earnings Per-Share and Performance Metrics For the Quarter Ended For the Nine Months Ended ($ in thousands, except per-share data) 9/30/2024 6/30/2024 3/31/2024 12/31/2023 9/30/2023 9/30/2024 9/30/2023 Select Per-Share & Performance Metrics Earnings per share - basic j/r $ 0.70 $ 0.58 $ 0.60 $ 0.45 $ 0.65 $ 1.87 $ 1.34 Earnings per share - diluted j/s $ 0.70 $ 0.57 $ 0.59 $ 0.45 $ 0.65 $ 1.87 $ 1.33 Efficiency ratio(1) h/f 54.56 % 59.02 % 60.57 % 64.81 % 57.82 % 57.99 % 65.87 % Non-interest expense to average assets h/n 2.08 % 2.16 % 2.22 % 2.58 % 2.28 % 2.15 % 2.68 % Return on average assets j/n 1.12 % 0.93 % 0.96 % 0.72 % 1.02 % 1.00 % 0.70 % Return on average tangible assets j/o 1.15 % 0.96 % 0.99 % 0.74 % 1.05 % 1.03 % 0.72 % PPNR return on average assets k/n 1.72 % 1.49 % 1.44 % 1.39 % 1.65 % 1.55 % 1.38 % Return on average common equity j/p 11.36 % 9.85 % 10.01 % 7.90 % 11.07 % 10.42 % 7.77 % Return on average tangible common equity j/q 16.34 % 14.55 % 14.82 % 12.19 % 16.93 % 15.27 % 11.21 % Operating Per-Share & Performance Metrics Operating earnings per share - basic(2) m/r $ 0.69 $ 0.67 $ 0.65 $ 0.56 $ 0.79 $ 2.01 $ 2.12 Operating earnings per share - diluted(2) m/s $ 0.69 $ 0.67 $ 0.65 $ 0.56 $ 0.79 $ 2.00 $ 2.12 Operating efficiency ratio, as adjusted(1), (2), (3) u/y 53.89 % 53.56 % 56.97 % 57.31 % 51.26 % 54.80 % 52.70 % Operating non-interest expense to average assets i/n 2.05 % 2.03 % 2.14 % 2.25 % 2.10 % 2.07 % 2.21 % Operating return on average assets(2) m/n 1.10 % 1.08 % 1.04 % 0.89 % 1.23 % 1.07 % 1.11 % Operating return on average tangible assets(2) m/o 1.13 % 1.12 % 1.08 % 0.92 % 1.27 % 1.11 % 1.14 % Operating PPNR return on average assets(2) l/n 1.69 % 1.70 % 1.55 % 1.62 % 1.94 % 1.65 % 1.91 % Operating return on average common equity(2) m/p 11.15 % 11.47 % 10.89 % 9.81 % 13.40 % 11.17 % 12.34 % Operating return on average tangible common equity(2) m/q 16.04 % 16.96 % 16.12 % 15.14 % 20.48 % 16.36 % 17.80 % (1) Tax-exempt income was adjusted to a taxable equivalent basis using a 21% tax rate and added to stated revenue for this calculation. (2) Non-interest expense adjustments were revised subsequent to the Company's reporting of its earnings results for the period ended December 31, 2023. The revision includes the FDIC special assessment in non-interest expense adjustments, which removes the special assessment from the Company's calculation of operating non-interest expense. The Company views the special assessment as an infrequent expense that is outside the control of the Company. (3) The operating efficiency ratio was adjusted in the first quarter of 2024 to remove B&O taxes and for a tax-equivalent adjustment to BOLI income. The Company views the adjusted operating efficiency ratio as a better representation of its efficiency ratio when compared to other banks as it normalizes for the tax treatment of the adjusted items. The adjustment re-aligns Columbia's calculation of its operating efficiency ratio with its pre-merger calculation. 33


 
Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Operating Efficiency Ratio, as Adjusted 34 For the Quarter Ended For the Nine Months Ended ($ in thousands) 9/30/2024 6/30/2024 3/31/2024 12/31/2023 9/30/2023 9/30/2024 9/30/2023 Non-interest expense (GAAP) h $271,358 $279,244 $287,516 $337,176 $304,147 $838,118 $975,524 Less: Non-interest expense adjustments b (2,995) (16,743) (10,598) (42,888) (22,955) (30,336) (171,912) Operating non-interest expense (non-GAAP) i 268,363 262,501 276,918 294,288 281,192 807,782 803,612 Less: B&O taxes t (3,248) (3,183) (3,223) (2,727) (3,275) (9,654) (9,051) Operating non-interest expense, excluding B&O taxes (non-GAAP) u $265,115 $259,318 $273,695 $291,561 $277,917 $798,128 $794,561 Non-interest income (tax equivalent)(1) v $431,184 $428,434 $424,344 $454,730 $482,031 $1,283,962 $1,342,568 Non-interest income (GAAP) d 66,159 44,703 50,357 65,533 43,981 161,219 138,394 Add: BOLI tax equivalent adjustment(1) w 1,248 1,291 1,809 1,182 1,178 4,348 3,495 Total Revenue, excluding BOLI tax equivalent adjustments (tax equivalent) x 498,591 474,428 476,510 521,445 527,190 1,449,529 1,484,457 Less: non-interest income adjustments a (6,602) 9,739 3,882 (12,732) 15,023 7,019 23,201 Total Adjusted operating revenue, excluding BOLI tax equivalent adjustments (tax equivalent) (non-GAAP) y $491,989 $484,167 $480,392 $508,713 $542,213 $1,456,548 $1,507,658 Efficiency ratio(1) h/f 54.56 % 59.02 % 60.57 % 64.81 % 57.82 % 57.99 % 65.87 % Operating efficieny ratio, as adjusted (non-GAAP)(1), (2), (3) u/y 53.89 % 53.56 % 56.97 % 57.31 % 51.26 % 54.80 % 52.70 % (1) Tax-exempt income was adjusted to a taxable equivalent basis using a 21% tax rate and added to stated revenue for this calculation. (2) Non-interest expense adjustments were revised subsequent to the Company's reporting of its earnings results for the period ended December 31, 2023. The revision includes the FDIC special assessment in non-interest expense adjustments, which removes the special assessment from the Company's calculation of operating non-interest expense. The Company views the special assessment as an infrequent expense that is outside the control of the Company. (3) The operating efficiency ratio was adjusted in the first quarter of 2024 to remove B&O taxes and for a tax-equivalent adjustment to BOLI income. The Company views the adjusted operating efficiency ratio as a better representation of its efficiency ratio when compared to other banks as it normalizes for the tax treatment of the adjusted items. The adjustment re-aligns Columbia's calculation of its operating efficiency ratio with its pre-merger calculation.


 
Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Net Interest Income & Net Interest Margin (1) The cumulative fair value discount on historical Columbia loans was established as of February 28, 2023, and the allocation between the credit-related discount and the rate-related discount was established at that time. Our disclosure of credit-related and rate-related discount accretion is an estimate based on the relative allocation of these two items to the discount at the closing of the merger. (2) Tax-exempt interest was adjusted to a taxable equivalent basis using a 21% tax rate. 35 For the Quarter Ended For the Nine Months Ended ($ in thousands) 9/30/2024 6/30/2024 3/31/2024 12/31/2023 9/30/2023 9/30/2024 9/30/2023 Net interest income(2) a $431,184 $428,434 $424,344 $454,730 $482,031 $1,283,962 $1,342,568 Less: Acquired loan accretion - credit related(1) b 4,127 4,835 5,119 5,430 6,370 14,081 17,276 Net Interest Income, excluding credit PAA(1), (2) c 427,057 423,599 419,225 449,300 475,661 1,269,881 1,325,292 Less: Acquired rate-related accretion(1) d 59,620 67,375 57,336 63,757 70,900 184,331 167,099 Adjusted net interest income(1), (2) e $367,437 $356,224 $361,889 $385,543 $404,761 $1,085,550 $1,158,193 Average interest-earning assets f $48,185,474 $48,117,746 $48,280,787 $47,838,229 $48,981,105 $48,194,635 $45,203,459 Net interest margin(2) a / f 3.56 % 3.56 % 3.52 % 3.78 % 3.91 % 3.55 % 3.96 % Less: Acquired loan accretion - credit related(1) b / f 0.04 % 0.04 % 0.04 % 0.05 % 0.05 % 0.04 % 0.05 % Net Interest margin, excluding credit PAA(1), (2) c / f 3.52 % 3.52 % 3.48 % 3.73 % 3.86 % 3.51 % 3.91 % Less: Acquired rate-related accretion(1) d / f 0.49 % 0.56 % 0.48 % 0.53 % 0.58 % 0.51 % 0.49 % Adjusted net interest margin(1), (2) e / f 3.03 % 2.96 % 3.00 % 3.20 % 3.28 % 3.00 % 3.42 %