485BPOS 1 f4335d2.htm POST EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 177
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2020.
1933 Act File No. 33-65572
1940 Act File No. 811-7852


SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Pre-Effective Amendment No. ___
Post-Effective Amendment No. 177
and
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
Amendment No. 178

USAA MUTUAL FUNDS TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

15935 La Cantera Parkway, San Antonio, TX 78256
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(216) 898-2526
Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code
Erin G. Wagner, Secretary
USAA MUTUAL FUNDS TRUST
15935 La Cantera Parkway
San Antonio, TX 78256
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

It is proposed that this filing will become effective under Rule 485
immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
on (May 1, 2020), pursuant to paragraph (b)
60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
If appropriate, check the following box:
This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.


 

May 1, 2020

Prospectus

USAA Extended Market Index Fund

Fund Shares

USMIX

USAA 500 Index Fund

Member Shares Reward Shares

USSPXUSPRX

USAA Nasdaq-100 Index Fund

Fund Shares

R6 Shares

USNQX

URNQX

Beginning January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Funds' shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from a Fund or from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on VictoryFunds.com, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report. If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change, and you need not take any action.

You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from a Fund or your financial intermediary electronically by notifying your financial intermediary directly, or if you are a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund, by calling (800) 235-8396 or logging on to usaa.com. Effective on or about July 6, 2020, a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund will need to submit their request via email to TA.Processing@FISGlobal.com.

You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge. You can inform the Fund or your financial intermediary that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports by notifying your financial intermediary directly, or if you are a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund, by calling (800) 235-8396 or logging on to usaa.com. Effective on or about July 6, 2020, a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund will need to submit their request via email to TA.Processing@FISGlobal.com.

Your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held with the USAA family of funds or your financial intermediary.

Victory Capital means Victory Capital Management Inc., the investment manager of the USAA Mutual Funds. USAA Mutual Funds are distributed by Victory Capital Advisers, Inc., a broker dealer registered with FINRA and an affiliate of Victory Capital. Victory Capital and its affiliates are not affiliated with United Services Automobile Association or its affiliates. USAA and the USAA logos are registered trademarks and the USAA Mutual Funds and USAA Investments logos are trademarks of United Services Automobile Association and are being used by Victory Capital and its affiliates under license.

The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or determined whether this Prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

vcm.com

800-235-8396

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

USAA Extended Market Index Fund Summary

 

Investment Objective ...............................................

1

Fees and Expenses.................................................

1

Principal Investment Strategy ......................................

2

Principal Risks ......................................................

2

Performance ........................................................

4

Investment Adviser .................................................

6

Portfolio Managers .................................................

6

Purchase and Sale of Shares......................................

6

Tax Information .....................................................

7

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial

 

Intermediaries .....................................................

7

USAA 500 Index Fund Summary

 

Investment Objective ...............................................

8

Fees and Expenses.................................................

8

Principal Investment Strategy ......................................

9

Principal Risks ......................................................

10

Performance ........................................................

12

Investment Adviser .................................................

13

Portfolio Managers .................................................

14

Purchase and Sale of Shares......................................

14

Tax Information .....................................................

14

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial

 

Intermediaries .....................................................

15

USAA Nasdaq-100 Index Fund Summary

 

Investment Objective ...............................................

16

Fees and Expenses.................................................

16

Principal Investment Strategy ......................................

17

Principal Risks ......................................................

18

Performance ........................................................

19

Investment Adviser .................................................

21

Portfolio Managers .................................................

21

 

Purchase and Sale of Shares......................................

22

Tax Information .....................................................

22

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial

 

Intermediaries .....................................................

22

Fund Prospectus

 

Investment Objective ...............................................

23

Overview of Index Funds...........................................

23

A Brief Description of the Indices..................................

23

The Basics of Index Investing......................................

24

Risks ................................................................

26

Portfolio Holdings ...................................................

31

Fund Management .................................................

32

Portfolio Managers .................................................

33

Purchases...........................................................

33

Redemptions........................................................

37

Converting Shares..................................................

39

Exchanges ..........................................................

40

Other Important Information About Purchases, Redemptions,

 

and Exchanges....................................................

41

Multiple Class Information..........................................

46

Shareholder Information............................................

46

Financial Highlights.................................................

53

Additional Information on the Wilshire 4500 Completion Index...

59

Additional Information on the Nasdaq-100 Index..................

61

 

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The USAA Extended Market Index Fund (the "Fund") seeks to match, before fees and expenses, the performance of all small- and mid-cap stocks as measured by the Wilshire 4500 Completion IndexSM (the "Index").

FEES AND EXPENSES

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay, directly and indirectly, to invest in the Fund. The annual fund operating expenses for the Fund are based on expenses incurred during the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year.

Shareholder Fees

(fees paid directly from your investment)None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fee

0.10%

 

 

Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees

None

 

 

Other Expenses

0.31%

 

 

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses

0.02%

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

0.43%a,b

 

 

aThe total annual operating expenses for the Fund may not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average daily net assets shown in the financial highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.

bVictory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, capitalized expenses, and other extraordinary expenses) do not exceed 0.43% of the Fund through at least June 30, 2021. The Adviser is permitted to recoup advisory fees waived and expenses reimbursed for up to three years after the fiscal year in which the waiver or reimbursement took place, subject to the lesser of any operating expense limits in effect at the time of: (a) the original waiver or expense reimbursement; or (b) the recoupment, after giving effect to the recoupment amount. This agreement may only be terminated by the Fund's Board of Trustees.

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, the Fund's operating

Prospectus | 1

 

 

expenses remain the same, and the expense limitation agreement for the Fund is not continued beyond its expiration date.

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

$44

$138

$241

$542

 

 

 

 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, including commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when shares of the Fund are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance.

For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 24% of the average value of its whole portfolio.

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGY

The Fund's principal investment strategy is, under normal market conditions, to invest at least 80% of its assets in securities or other financial instruments of companies that are components of, or have economic characteristics similar to, the securities included in the Index. This strategy may be changed upon 60 days' written notice to shareholders.

The Index is a market cap-weighted index consisting of the small and mid-cap companies in the U.S. equity market. The Index consists of the securities within the Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index ("Parent Index") after eliminating the companies included in the S&P 500 Index. The Parent Index measures the performance of all U.S. equity securities with readily available price data. The number of securities in the Index fluctuates and may be more or less than 4,500. As of March 31, 2020, the market capitalization range of the companies included in the Index was between $98.4 billion and less than $1 million. The size of companies in the Index changes with market conditions and the composition of the Index.

In seeking to track the performance of the Index, the Fund uses the "sampling" method of indexing. Under this approach, the Fund selects a representative sample of stocks and/or derivatives that resemble the Index in terms of industry weightings, market capitalization, and other characteristics. It is not the Fund's intent to fully replicate the Index.

PRINCIPAL RISKS

The Fund's investments are subject to the following principal risks:

2 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

Stock Market Risk – Overall stock market risks may affect the value of the Fund. Domestic and international factors such as political events, war, trade disputes, interest rate levels and other fiscal and monetary policy changes, pandemics and other public health crises, and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. The impact of these and other factors may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

Equity Risk – The value of the equity securities in which the Fund invests may decline in response to developments affecting individual companies and/or general economic conditions. A company's earnings or dividends may not increase as expected due to poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters, military confrontations, war, terrorism, public health crises, or other events, conditions, and factors. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended periods.

Small-Capitalization and Mid-Capitalization Stock Risk – The Fund invests in small- and mid-capitalization companies, which may be more vulnerable than larger companies to adverse business or economic conditions. Securities of small- and mid-capitalization companies may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of larger companies or the market in general and, therefore, may involve greater risk than investing in securities of larger companies.

Correlation to Index Risk – While the Fund attempts to match the performance of the Index as closely as possible before the deductions of fees and expenses, the ability of the Fund to meet its investment objective depends to some extent on the cash flow in and out of the Fund. The Fund's performance may be affected by factors such as the size of the Fund's portfolio, transaction costs, management fees and expenses, and brokerage commissions and fees. Changes in the Fund's cash flow may affect how closely the Fund tracks the Index. The Fund's use of representative sampling may cause the tracking error to be higher than would be the case if the Fund purchased all of the securities in the Index.

Passive Management Risk – The Fund is managed with a passive investment strategy, attempting to track the performance of an unmanaged index of securities, regardless of the current or projected performance of the Fund's index or of the actual securities included in the index. This differs from an actively managed fund, which typically seeks to outperform a benchmark index. As a result, the Fund's performance could be lower than actively managed funds that may shift their portfolio assets to take advantage of market opportunities or lessen the impact of a market decline or a decline in the value of one or more issuers.

Prospectus | 3

 

 

Derivatives Risk – The Fund may invest in futures, options, and other types of derivatives. Risks associated with derivatives include the risk that the derivative is not well-correlated with the security, index, ETFs, or currency to which it relates; the risk that the use of derivatives may not have the intended effects and may result in losses, underperformance, or missed opportunities; the risk that the Fund will be unable to sell the derivative because of an illiquid secondary market; the risk that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its obligation; the risk of interest rate movements; and the risk that the derivatives transaction could expose the Fund to the effects of leverage, which could increase the Fund's market exposure, magnify investment risks and losses, and cause losses to be realized more quickly. There is no guarantee that derivative techniques will be employed or that they will work as intended, and their use could lower returns or even result in losses to the Fund.

Any investment involves risk, and there is no assurance that a Fund's objective will be achieved. By itself, the Fund does not constitute a complete investment plan. As you consider an investment in the Fund, you also should take into account your tolerance for the daily fluctuations of the financial markets and whether you can afford to leave your money in the Fund for long periods of time to ride out down periods. As with other mutual funds, losing money is a risk of investing in a Fund.

An investment in a Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

PERFORMANCE

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund and illustrates the Fund's volatility by showing how performance has varied from year to year for each full calendar year over the past 10 years. The table shows the Fund's average annual total returns for the periods indicated compared to those of the Fund's benchmark index. Performance reflects any expense limitations in effect during the periods shown.

Remember, historical performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate what will happen in the future. The Fund's most current performance information is available on the Fund's website at usaa.com (effective on or about July 6, 2020, performance information may be found at vcm.com) or by calling (800) 235-8396.

4 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

RISK/RETURN BAR CHART

Annual Returns for Periods Ended December 31

45%

 

 

 

 

 

37.26%

 

 

30%

28.11%

27.94%

 

 

 

 

17.47%15.48%17.72%

15%

7.18%

0%

-4.03%-3.76%

-15%

-30%

-9.70%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

The year-to-date return of the Fund Shares as of March 31, 2020, was -28.14%.

During the periods shown in the chart:

Returns

Quarter ended

Highest Quarter Return

15.86%

March 31, 2019

Lowest Quarter Return

-20.67%

September 30, 2011

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. In certain situations, the return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares may be higher than the other return amounts. A higher after-tax return may result when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and translates into an assumed tax deduction that benefits the shareholder. The actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. If you hold your shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account ("IRA") or 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns shown in the table are not relevant to you.

Prospectus | 5

 

 

AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS

For Periods Ended December 31, 2019

 

1 Year

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

Fund Shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

27.94%

8.61%

12.37%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions

26.92%

7.00%

11.10%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund

 

 

 

Shares

17.14%

6.48%

10.04%

 

 

 

 

Indexes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wilshire 4500 Completion Index* (reflects no deduction

 

 

 

for fees, expenses, or taxes)

28.05%

9.51%

13.08%

 

 

 

 

Dow Jones U.S. Completion Total Stock Market Index

 

 

 

(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)

27.94%

8.84%

12.72%

 

 

 

 

* Effective July 1, 2019, the Wilshire 4500 Completion Index replaced the Dow Jones

U.S. Completion Total Stock Market Index as the Fund's primary broad-based securities market index in connection with a change in the Fund's investment objective.

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Victory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") serves as the Fund's investment adviser.

The portfolio managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are members of the Adviser's Victory Solutions platform.

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

Tenure with

 

Title

the Fund

 

 

 

Mannik S. Dhillon,

President, VictoryShares and Solutions

Since July 2019

CFA, CAIA

 

 

 

 

 

Wasif A. Latif

Head of Investments, VictoryShares and

Since July 2019

 

Solutions

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF SHARES

You may purchase or sell Fund Shares any business day through the vcm.com website or by telephone at (800) 235-8396. You also may purchase or sell Fund Shares through certain other financial intermediaries. If you have opened an account directly with the Fund, you also may purchase and sell Fund Shares by mail at P.O. Box 182593, Columbus, Ohio 43218-2593.

6 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

￿Minimum initial purchase: $3,000

￿Minimum subsequent investment: $50

TAX INFORMATION

The Fund intends to make distributions that generally will be taxed to you as ordinary income or long-term capital gains, unless you are a tax-exempt investor or you invest through an IRA, 401(k) plan, or other tax-deferred account (in which case you may be taxed later, upon withdrawal of your investment from such account).

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of such shares and certain servicing and administrative functions. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

Prospectus | 7

 

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The USAA 500 Index Fund (the "Fund") seeks to match, before fees and expenses, the performance of the stocks composing the Victory US Large Cap 500 Index (the "Index"). The Index emphasizes stocks of large U.S. companies.

FEES AND EXPENSES

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay, directly and indirectly, to invest in the Fund. The annual fund operating expenses for the Member Shares and Reward Shares are based on expenses incurred during the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year.

Shareholder Fees

(fees paid directly from your investment)

 

Member

Reward

 

Shares

Shares

 

 

 

Account Maintenance Fee (for Fund account balances

 

 

below $10,000)

$10*

None

 

 

 

*Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc., the Fund's transfer agent, assesses a $10 annual account maintenance fee to allocate part of the fixed costs of maintaining shareholder accounts. The transfer agent deducts $2.50 per quarter from your account to pay the annual fee.

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Member

Reward

 

Shares

Shares

 

 

 

Management Fee

0.10%

0.10%

 

 

 

Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees

None

None

 

 

 

Other Expenses

0.16%

0.08%

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

0.26%

0.18%

 

 

 

Fee Waiver/Reimbursement from Adviser

(0.01%)

(0.03%)

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after

0.25%a

0.15%a

Reimbursement

aVictory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, capitalized expenses, and other extraordinary expenses) do not exceed 0.25% of the Fund's Member Shares and 0.15% of the Fund's Reward Shares, through at least June 30, 2021. The Adviser is permitted to recoup advisory fees waived and expenses reimbursed for up to three years after the fiscal year in which the waiver or reimbursement took place, subject to the lesser of any operating expense limits in effect at the time of: (a) the original waiver or

8 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

expense reimbursement; or (b) the recoupment, after giving effect to the recoupment amount. This agreement may only be terminated by the Fund's Board of Trustees.

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, the Fund's operating expenses remain the same, and the expense limitation agreement for the Member Shares and Reward Shares is not continued beyond its expiration date.

 

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

 

Member Shares

$26

$82

$145

$330

 

 

 

 

 

Reward Shares

$15

$54

$ 98

$226

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, including commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when shares of the Fund are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance.

For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 13% of the average value of its whole portfolio.

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGY

The Fund's principal investment strategy is, under normal market conditions, to invest at least 80% of the Fund's assets in the common stocks of companies composing the Index. This strategy may be changed upon 60 days' written notice to shareholders.

The Index is a market-cap weighted index that consists of the 500 largest companies within the Wilshire 5000 Total Market IndexSM ("Parent Index"). The Parent Index measures the performance of all U.S. equity securities with readily available price data. In seeking to track the performance of the Index, the Fund attempts to allocate investments among stocks in approximately the same weightings as the Index, beginning with the stocks that make up the larger portion of the Index's value. The Fund is rebalanced as required to reflect index changes and to accommodate Fund cash flows. The Fund may exclude or remove any Index stock that it believes is illiquid or has been impaired by financial conditions or other extraordinary events.

Prospectus | 9

 

 

To the extent that the Index concentrates in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries, the Fund will similarly concentrate its investments. As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund's investments are not concentrated in any industry or group of industries, although the Fund's investments are more focused in the information technology sector, consistent with the Index.

PRINCIPAL RISKS

The Fund's investments are subject to the following principal risks:

Stock Market Risk – Overall stock market risks may affect the value of the Fund. Domestic and international factors such as political events, war, trade disputes, interest rate levels and other fiscal and monetary policy changes, pandemics and other public health crises, and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. The impact of these and other factors may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

Equity Risk – The value of the equity securities in which the Fund invests may decline in response to developments affecting individual companies and/or general economic conditions. A company's earnings or dividends may not increase as expected due to poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters, military confrontations, war, terrorism, public health crises, or other events, conditions, and factors. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended periods.

Large-Capitalization Stock Risk – The Fund invests in large-capitalization companies. Such investments may go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions and may underperform other market segments. Some large-capitalization companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges and attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion. As such, returns on investments in stocks of large-capitalization companies could trail the returns on investments in stocks of small- and mid-capitalization companies.

Correlation to Index Risk – While the Fund attempts to match the performance of the Index as closely as possible before the deductions of fees and expenses, the ability of the Fund to meet its investment objective depends to some extent on the cash flow in and out of the Fund. The Fund's performance may be affected by factors such as the size of the Fund's portfolio, transaction costs, management fees and expenses, and brokerage commissions and fees. Changes in the Fund's cash flow may affect how closely the Fund tracks the Index.

10 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

Passive Management Risk – The Fund is managed with a passive investment strategy, attempting to track the performance of an unmanaged index of securities, regardless of the current or projected performance of the Fund's index or of the actual securities included in the index. This differs from an actively managed fund, which typically seeks to outperform a benchmark index. As a result, the Fund's performance could be lower than actively managed funds that may shift their portfolio assets to take advantage of market opportunities or lessen the impact of a market decline or a decline in the value of one or more issuers.

Sector Risk – To the extent the Fund's investments are concentrated in an industry or group of industries or focused in one or more sectors, such as the information technology sector, market or economic factors impacting those sectors could have a significant effect on the value of the Fund's investments and could make the Fund's performance more volatile. For example, the values of companies in the information technology sector are particularly vulnerable to economic downturns, short product cycles and aggressive pricing, market competition and changes in government regulation.

Derivatives Risk – The Fund may invest in futures, options, and other types of derivatives. Risks associated with derivatives include the risk that the derivative is not well-correlated with the security, index, ETFs, or currency to which it relates; the risk that the use of derivatives may not have the intended effects and may result in losses, underperformance, or missed opportunities; the risk that the Fund will be unable to sell the derivative because of an illiquid secondary market; the risk that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its obligation; the risk of interest rate movements; and the risk that the derivatives transaction could expose the Fund to the effects of leverage, which could increase the Fund's market exposure, magnify investment risks and losses, and cause losses to be realized more quickly. There is no guarantee that derivative techniques will be employed or that they will work as intended, and their use could lower returns or even result in losses to the Fund.

Any investment involves risk, and there is no assurance that a Fund's objective will be achieved. By itself, the Fund does not constitute a complete investment plan. As you consider an investment in the Fund, you also should take into account your tolerance for the daily fluctuations of the financial markets and whether you can afford to leave your money in the Fund for long periods of time to ride out down periods. As with other mutual funds, losing money is a risk of investing in a Fund.

An investment in a Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Prospectus | 11

 

 

PERFORMANCE

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The Fund has two classes of shares: Member Shares and Reward Shares. The bar chart provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund and illustrates the Member Shares' volatility by showing how performance has varied from year to year for each full calendar year over the past 10 years. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share classes for the periods indicated compared to those of the Fund's benchmark index and an additional broad-based securities market index with investment characteristics similar to the Fund. Performance reflects any expense limitations in effect during the periods shown.

Remember, historical performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate what will happen in the future. The Fund's most current performance information is available on the Fund's website at usaa.com (effective on or about July 6, 2020, performance information may be found at vcm.com) or by calling (800) 235-8396.

RISK/RETURN BAR CHART

Annual Returns for Periods Ended December 31

40%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

32.03%

31.19%

30%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

21.53%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

20%

14.81% 15.75%

10%

13.38%

11.70%

1.82%1.13%

0%

-4.65%

-10%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

The year-to-date return of the Member Shares as of March 31, 2020, was -18.91%.

During the periods shown in the chart:

Returns

Quarter ended

Highest Quarter Return

13.60%

March 31, 2019

Lowest Quarter Return

-13.95%

September 30, 2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

12 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. In certain situations, the return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares may be higher than the other return amounts. A higher after-tax return may result when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and translates into an assumed tax deduction that benefits the shareholder. The actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. If you hold your shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account ("IRA") or 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns shown in the table are not relevant to you.

AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS

For Periods Ended December 31, 2019

 

1 Year

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

Member Shares*

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

31.19%

11.42%

13.28%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions

29.59%

10.68%

12.63%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund

 

 

 

Shares

19.45%

8.97%

11.02%

 

 

 

 

Reward Shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

31.29%

11.53%

13.40%

 

 

 

 

Indexes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S&P 500® Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses,

 

 

 

or taxes)

31.49%

11.69%

13.55%

 

 

 

 

Victory US Large Cap 500 Index (reflects no deduction

 

 

 

for fees, expenses, or taxes)

31.88%

11.87%

13.56%

 

 

 

 

* Excludes $10 account maintenance fee, which is waived for accounts of $10,000 or more.

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Victory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") serves as the Fund's investment adviser.

The portfolio managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are members of the Adviser's Victory Solutions platform.

Prospectus | 13

 

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

Tenure with

 

Title

the Fund

 

 

 

Mannik S. Dhillon,

President, VictoryShares and Solutions

Since July 2019

CFA, CAIA

 

 

 

 

 

Wasif A. Latif

Head of Investments, VictoryShares and

Since July 2019

 

Solutions

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF SHARES

You may purchase or sell Fund Shares any business day through the vcm.com website or by telephone at (800) 235-8396. You also may purchase or sell Fund Shares through certain other financial intermediaries. If you have opened an account directly with the Fund, you also may purchase and sell Fund Shares by mail at P.O. Box 182593, Columbus, Ohio 43218-2593.

Member Shares:

The minimum initial purchase is $3,000. The minimum subsequent investment is $50.

Reward Shares:

The minimum initial purchase is $100,000 for new investors; or shares of the Fund held through a USAA discretionary managed account program. The minimum subsequent investment is $50.

TAX INFORMATION

The Fund intends to make distributions that generally will be taxed to you as ordinary income or long-term capital gains, unless you are a tax-exempt investor or you invest through an IRA, 401(k) plan, or other tax-deferred account (in which case you may be taxed later, upon withdrawal of your investment from such account).

14 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of such shares and certain servicing and administrative functions. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

Prospectus | 15

 

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The USAA Nasdaq-100 Index Fund (the "Fund") seeks to match, before fees and expenses, the performance of the stocks composing the Nasdaq-100 Index1. The Nasdaq-100 Index (the "Index") represents 100 of the largest

®

nonfinancial stocks traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market .

1Nasdaq-100®, Nasdaq-100 Index®, and Nasdaq® are trade or service marks of The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. (which with its affiliates are the "Corporations") and have been licensed for our use.

FEES AND EXPENSES

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay, directly and indirectly, to invest in the Fund. The annual fund operating expenses for the Fund Shares and R6 Shares are based on expenses incurred during the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year.

Shareholder Fees

(fees paid directly from your investment)

Fund R6

Shares Shares

None None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Fund

R6

 

Shares

Shares

 

 

 

Management Fee

0.20%

0.20%

 

 

 

Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees

None

None

 

 

 

Other Expenses

0.28%

0.22%

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

0.48%

0.42%

 

 

 

Fee Waiver/Reimbursement from Adviser

None

(0.02%)

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after

0.48%a

0.40%a

Reimbursement

aVictory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, capitalized expenses, and other extraordinary expenses) do not exceed 0.48% of the Fund Shares and 0.40% of the R6 Shares, through at least June 30, 2021. The Adviser is permitted to recoup advisory fees waived and expenses reimbursed for up to three years after the fiscal year in which the waiver or reimbursement took place, subject to the lesser of any operating

16 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

expense limits in effect at the time of: (a) the original waiver or expense reimbursement; or

(b)the recoupment, after giving effect to the recoupment amount. This agreement may only be terminated by the Fund's Board of Trustees.

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, the Fund's operating expenses remain the same, and the expense limitation agreement for each class of shares is not continued beyond its expiration date.

 

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

 

Fund Shares

$49

$154

$269

$604

 

 

 

 

 

R6 Shares

$41

$132

$233

$528

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, including commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when shares of the Fund are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance.

For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 9% of the average value of its whole portfolio.

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGY

The Fund's principal investment strategy is, under normal market conditions, to invest at least 80% of the Fund's assets in the common stocks of companies composing the Index. This strategy may be changed upon 60 days' written notice to shareholders. The Index is an index composed of 100 of the largest nonfinancial domestic and international companies listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market based on market capitalization.

In seeking to track the performance of the Index, the Fund will normally invest in all the common stocks of companies in the Index in roughly the same proportions as their weightings in the index. While the Fund attempts to replicate the Index, there may be times when the Fund and the Index do not match exactly. At times, the Fund may purchase a stock not included in the Index when it believes doing so would be a cost-efficient way of approximating the Index's performance, for example, in anticipation of a stock being added to the Index. To the extent that the Index concentrates in the

Prospectus | 17

 

 

securities of a particular industry or group of industries, the Fund will similarly concentrate its investments. As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund's investments are not concentrated in any industry or group of industries, although the Fund's investments are more focused in the technology sectors, consistent with the Index.

The Fund is non-diversified and expects to hold a larger portion of its assets in a smaller number of issuers.

PRINCIPAL RISKS

The Fund's investments are subject to the following principal risks:

Stock Market Risk – Overall stock market risks may affect the value of the Fund. Domestic and international factors such as political events, war, trade disputes, interest rate levels and other fiscal and monetary policy changes, pandemics and other public health crises, and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. The impact of these and other factors may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

Equity Risk – The value of the equity securities in which the Fund invests may decline in response to developments affecting individual companies and/or general economic conditions. A company's earnings or dividends may not increase as expected due to poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters, military confrontations, war, terrorism, public health crises, or other events, conditions, and factors. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended periods.

Foreign Securities Risk – Foreign markets can be more volatile than the U.S. market due to increased risks of adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments and can perform differently from the U.S. market.

Sector Risk – To the extent the Fund's investments are concentrated in an industry or group of industries or focused in one or more sectors, such as technology sectors, market or economic factors impacting those sectors could have a significant effect on the value of the Fund's investments and could make the Fund's performance more volatile. For example, the values of companies in the information technology sector are particularly vulnerable to economic downturns, short product cycles and aggressive pricing, market competition and changes in government regulation.

Passive Management Risk – The Fund is managed with a passive investment strategy, attempting to track the performance of an unmanaged index of securities, regardless of the current or projected performance of the Fund's index or of the actual securities included in the index. This differs from an actively managed fund, which typically seeks to outperform a benchmark

18 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

index. As a result, the Fund's performance could be lower than actively managed funds that may shift their portfolio assets to take advantage of market opportunities or lessen the impact of a market decline or a decline in the value of one or more issuers.

Non-Diversification Risk – The Fund is non-diversified, which means that it may invest a larger portion of its assets in a smaller number of issuers. This could make the Fund more susceptible to economic or credit risks than a diversified fund.

Correlation to Index Risk – While the Fund attempts to match the performance of the Index as closely as possible before the deductions of fees and expenses, the ability of the Fund to meet its investment objective depends to some extent on the cash flow in and out of the Fund. The Fund's performance may be affected by factors such as the size of the Fund's portfolio, transaction costs, management fees and expenses, and brokerage commissions and fees. Changes in the Fund's cash flow may affect how closely the Fund tracks the Index.

Any investment involves risk, and there is no assurance that a Fund's objective will be achieved. By itself, the Fund does not constitute a complete investment plan. As you consider an investment in the Fund, you also should take into account your tolerance for the daily fluctuations of the financial markets and whether you can afford to leave your money in the Fund for long periods of time to ride out down periods. As with other mutual funds, losing money is a risk of investing in a Fund.

An investment in a Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

PERFORMANCE

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The Fund has two classes of shares: Fund Shares and R6 Shares. The bar chart provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund and illustrates the Fund Shares class's volatility by showing how performance has varied from year to year for each full calendar year over the past 10 years. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share classes for the periods indicated compared to those of the Fund's benchmark index and an additional broad-based securities market index with investment characteristics similar to the Fund. Performance reflects any expense limitations in effect during the periods shown.

Remember, historical performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate what will happen in the future. The Fund's most current performance information is available on the Fund's website at usaa.com (effective on or about July 6, 2020, performance information may be found at vcm.com) or by calling (800) 235-8396.

Prospectus | 19

 

 

RISK/RETURN BAR CHART

Annual Returns for Periods Ended December 31

50%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

36.00%

 

 

38.86%

40%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

32.29%

 

 

 

30%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

19.14%

17.46%

 

18.75%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

20%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9.09% 6.68%

 

 

 

 

 

10%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.90%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-0.44%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-10%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

The year-to-date return of the Fund Shares as of March 31, 2020, was -10.35%.

During the periods shown in the chart:

Returns

Quarter ended

Highest Quarter Return

20.95%

March 31, 2012

Lowest Quarter Return

-16.84%

December 31, 2018

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. In certain situations, the return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares may be higher than the other return amounts. A higher after-tax return may result when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and translates into an assumed tax deduction that benefits the shareholder. The actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. If you hold your shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account ("IRA") or 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns shown in the table are not relevant to you.

20 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS

For Periods Ended December 31, 2019

 

 

5 Years

 

 

 

(or Life

 

 

1 Year

of Class)

10 Years

 

 

 

 

Fund Shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

38.86%

16.31%

17.34%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions

38.57%

15.94%

17.00%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund

 

 

 

Shares

23.21%

13.11%

14.76%

 

 

 

 

R6 Shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

38.99%

19.35%*

N/A

 

 

 

 

Indexes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nasdaq-100 Index (reflects no deduction for fees,

 

 

 

expenses, or taxes)

39.46%

16.90%

18.06%

 

 

 

 

Russell 1000® Growth Index (reflects no deduction for

 

 

 

fees, expenses, or taxes)

36.39%

14.62%

15.21%

 

 

 

 

*The inception date of the R6 Shares is March 1, 2017.

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Victory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") serves as the Fund's investment adviser.

The portfolio managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are members of the Adviser's Victory Solutions platform.

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

Tenure with

 

Title

the Fund

 

 

 

Mannik S. Dhillon,

President, VictoryShares and Solutions

Since July 2019

CFA, CAIA

 

 

 

 

 

Wasif A. Latif

Head of Investments, VictoryShares and

Since July 2019

 

Solutions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prospectus | 21

 

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF SHARES

Fund Shares:

You may purchase or sell Fund Shares any business day through the vcm.com website or by telephone at (800) 235-8396. You also may purchase or sell Fund Shares through certain other financial intermediaries. If you have opened an account directly with the Fund, you also may purchase and sell Fund Shares by mail at P.O. Box 182593, Columbus, Ohio 43218-2593.

￿Minimum initial purchase: $3,000

￿Minimum subsequent investment: $50

R6 Shares:

R6 Shares generally are available through employer-sponsored retirement plans where a financial intermediary provides retirement recordkeeping services to plan participants. R6 Shares also are available to endowment funds and foundations and certain other eligible investors. There is no minimum initial investment amount or minimum subsequent investment for R6 Shares. Please contact your plan administrator or recordkeeper to purchase or sell (redeem) shares from your retirement plan.

TAX INFORMATION

The Fund intends to make distributions that generally will be taxed to you as ordinary income or long-term capital gains, unless you are a tax-exempt investor or you invest through an IRA, 401(k) plan, or other tax-deferred account (in which case you may be taxed later, upon withdrawal of your investment from such account).

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of such shares and certain servicing and administrative functions for investments in all share classes except the R6 Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

22 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

Victory Capital Management Inc. ("Victory Capital" or "Adviser") manages these Funds. For easier reading, Victory Capital may be referred to as "we" or "us" throughout the prospectus.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

As described in this Prospectus, each Fund has its own investment objective, policies, and strategies. There is no assurance that a Fund will achieve its investment objective. The investment objective of each Fund may be changed without shareholder approval. Except as otherwise noted, the investment policies and strategies of a Fund are not fundamental policies and may be changed without a shareholder vote.

OVERVIEW OF INDEX FUNDS

What are index funds?

Index funds are mutual funds that attempt to track the performance of a specific index. An index is an unmanaged group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure investment performance of a particular market. It is a passive measure of stock market returns. It does not factor in the costs of buying, selling, and holding stocks, which are reflected in a fund's performance. In this prospectus, we offer you a choice of three index funds that provide you a convenient and cost-efficient means of investing in a portfolio that generally reflects the performance of some portion of the stock market. An index fund has operating expenses and transaction costs, while the market index does not. Keep in mind that the target index is a model, not an actual portfolio, and you cannot invest directly in an index. Therefore, while a fund attempts to track its target index as closely as possible, it typically will not match the performance of the index exactly.

A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INDICES

What is the Wilshire 4500 Completion Index?

The Wilshire 4500 Completion Index is a market cap-weighted index consisting of the small and mid-cap companies in the U.S. equity market. It consists of the securities within the Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index ("Parent Index") after eliminating the companies included in the S&P 500 Index. The Parent Index measures performance of all U.S. equity securities with readily available price data. The number of securities in the Wilshire 4500 Completion Index fluctuates and may be more or less than 4,500. As of March 31, 2020, the market capitalization range of the companies included in the Wilshire 4500 Completion Index was between $98.4 billion and less than $1 million. The size of company in the Wilshire 4500 Completion Index

Prospectus | 23

 

 

changes with market conditions and the composition of the Wilshire 4500 Completion Index. See Additional Information on the Wilshire 4500 Completion Index for further information.

What is the Victory US Large Cap 500 Index?

The Victory US Large Cap 500 Index is a custom index published by Wilshire Associates Incorporated. Each stock in the index contributes to the index in the same proportion as the value of its shares. The index is rebalanced semi-annually. Securities that no longer meet eligibility for the Index upon rebalancing are omitted. A security also may be removed from the index in between rebalancing if it no longer represents an investable asset due to legal constraints or other independent factors.

What is the Nasdaq-100 Index?

The Nasdaq-100 Index is an index composed of 100 of the largest nonfinancial domestic and international companies listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market based on market capitalization. The index reflects companies across major industry groups including computer hardware and software, telecommunications, retail/wholesale trade, and biotechnology. It does not contain financial companies, including investment companies. The index may include one or more depositary receipts representing a security of a non-U.S. issuer. See Additional Information on the Nasdaq-100 Index for further information.

THE BASICS OF INDEX INVESTING

How are the Funds' portfolios managed?

Index funds are not managed according to traditional methods of "active" investment management, which involve the buying and selling of securities based upon economic, financial, and market analyses and investment judgment. Instead, index funds utilize a "passive" or "indexing" investment approach in an attempt to match, as closely as possible, the performance of the relevant index.

The Funds generally seek to track the returns of their respective index before fees and expenses by employing a replication strategy that seeks to hold all the stocks in that index. Under this approach, a Fund selects a representative sample of stocks from the targeted index that will resemble the full index in terms of industry weightings, market capitalization, price/earnings ratios, dividend yield, and other characteristics. For example, if 10% of an index was made up of technology stocks, the Fund would invest approximately 10% of its assets in some, but not all, of the technology stocks included in that index. This approach generally is less expensive than buying and holding all of the stocks in a particular index but may result in greater tracking error when compared to a full replication strategy.

24 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

The ability of the Fund to replicate the total return of the index may be affected by, among other things, transaction costs, administrative expenses, taxes, changes in the composition of the index or the assets of the Fund, the timing and amount of investors' contributions and withdrawals, and other fees and expenses borne by the Fund.

As an investor, what are the benefits of using a passive or indexing approach?

Indexing may appeal to many investors because it provides simplicity through a straightforward market-matching strategy and may provide diversification by investing in a wide variety of companies and industries. Indexing tends to involve lower costs than actively managed funds because index funds do not have many of the expenses of actively managed funds such as research, and usually have relatively low trading activity, so total brokerage commissions tend to be lower.

How closely will the Funds match their respective indices?

In seeking to track the performance of a Fund's respective index, each Fund will attempt to allocate the investments of the Fund among stocks in approximately the same weightings as the respective index, beginning with the stocks that make up the larger portion of the index's value.

Over the long term (i.e., periods of three to five years), each Fund will seek a correlation between the performance of the Fund, before fees and expenses, and that of the respective index of 0.95 or better. A figure of 1.00 would indicate perfect correlation, meaning that the Fund always moves up in value when a Fund's respective index rises and down in value when the index declines. In the event that the targeted correlation is not achieved, alternative structures may be considered.

Will the Funds purchase other types of securities?

Under normal market conditions, each Fund's assets generally will be invested in stocks included in its respective index. However, each Fund may hold up to 20% of its assets in short-term debt securities, money market instruments, stock index futures, and options, in most cases to provide liquidity to pay redemptions and fees. In addition, each Fund may lend securities with a value up to 33 1/3% of its total assets.

Each Fund may invest in derivative instruments, and may at times invest a significant portion of its assets in futures contracts linked to the performance of the index or other indices that are highly correlated with the index. Derivatives allow the Fund to increase or decrease its exposure to the index quickly and at less cost than buying or selling stocks. Each Fund may invest in options, futures, and other derivative instruments in order to gain market exposure quickly in the event of subscriptions, to maintain liquidity in the event of redemptions, and to keep trading costs low. Each Fund also may purchase exchange-traded funds ("ETFs").

Prospectus | 25

 

 

Each Fund generally will invest in stock index futures and options in an attempt to reduce any performance discrepancies between the Fund and its respective index. Each Fund generally will not use these derivative instruments for speculative purposes or as leveraged investments that magnify the gains or losses of an investment. These investments tend to reduce transaction costs or add value when they are favorably priced.

RISKS

The following provides additional information about some of the Fund's principal risks and supplements those risks discussed in the Fund's Summary section of this Prospectus. The Fund's SAI provides more detail about these risks and other risks that the Fund may be subject to that are not considered to be primary risks.

Correlation to Index Risk: While each Fund attempts to match its respective index as closely as possible, the ability of the Fund to meet its investment objective depends to some extent on the cash flow in and out of the Fund. Each Fund's performance may be affected by factors such as the size of the Fund's portfolio, transaction costs, management fees and expenses, and brokerage commissions and fees. When a shareholder buys or sells shares of a Fund, the Fund generally has to buy or sell stocks in its portfolio. Changes in a Fund's cash flow affect how closely the Fund will track its respective index. Because of the differences between the index and a Fund's portfolio, a Fund may not track its respective index perfectly. If a Fund uses representative sampling to track its Index, this may cause the tracking error to be higher than would be the case if the Fund purchased all of the securities in the Index.

Derivatives Risk: A Fund may invest in futures, options, swaps, and other types of derivatives. Risks associated with derivatives include the risk that the derivative is not well-correlated with the security, index, exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"), or currency to which it relates; the risk that derivatives used for risk management may not have the intended effects and may result in losses, underperformance, or missed opportunities; the risk that a Fund will be unable to sell the derivative because of an illiquid secondary market; the risk that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its obligation; the risk of interest rate movements; and the risk that the derivatives transaction could expose a Fund to the effects of leverage, which could increase a Fund's market exposure, magnify investment risks and losses, and cause losses to be realized more quickly. In addition, proposed and current regulation may limit a Fund's ability to invest in derivatives. There is no guarantee that derivative techniques will be employed or that they will work as intended, and their use could lower returns or even result in losses to a Fund.

ETF Risk: ETFs, which generally are registered investment companies, incur their own management fees and other expenses, such as trustees' fees, operating expenses, registration fees, and marketing expenses, a proportionate

26 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

share of which would be borne by the Fund. As a result, an investment by a Fund in an ETF could cause the Fund's operating expenses to be higher and, in turn, its performance to be lower than if it were to invest directly in the securities held by the ETF. In addition, the Fund will be exposed indirectly to all of the risks of the securities held by the ETFs.

A Fund may invest in "passive" ETFs that invest in the securities and sectors contained in the indexes they seek to track without regard for or analysis of the prospects of such securities or sectors. An ETF may invest in all of the securities in an index or in a representative sample of such securities. Passive ETFs will not attempt to take defensive positions in volatile or declining markets or under other conditions. Furthermore, such ETFs will not be able to duplicate exactly the performance of the underlying indexes they track.

The price of an ETF is determined by supply and demand. Thus, ETFs do not necessarily trade at their net asset value ("NAV"). A Fund will value any ETF in its portfolio at the ETF's last sale or closing market price, which typically approximates its NAV, although there may be times when the market price and NAV vary to a greater extent, which could affect the performance of the Fund.

In addition, although ETFs generally are listed on securities exchanges, there can be no assurances that an active trading market for such ETFs will be maintained. Secondary market trading in ETFs also may be halted by a national securities exchange because of market conditions or for other reasons. There can be no assurances that the requirements necessary to maintain the listing of an ETF on a national securities exchange will continue to be met or will remain unchanged.

Foreign Investing Risk: Because the 500 Index Fund and Nasdaq-100 Index Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers, it is subject to the risks of foreign investing. These risks include currency exchange rate fluctuations; foreign market illiquidity; emerging-market risk; increased price volatility; uncertain political conditions; exchange-control regulations; foreign ownership limits; different accounting, reporting, and disclosure requirements; difficulties in obtaining legal judgments; and foreign withholding taxes.

Futures and Options Risk: Risks associated with investments in futures and options include the risk that the futures or options contract will not fully offset the underlying position and that the investments in futures and options used for risk management may not have the intended effects and may result in losses or missed opportunities. The risk of loss of money from futures contracts and options on futures contracts used for non-hedging purposes may be greater than that of investments for hedging purposes.

Impact of Activity by Other Shareholders: Each Fund, like all mutual funds, pools the investments of many investors. Actions by one shareholder or multiple shareholders may have an impact on a Fund and, therefore, indirectly on other shareholders. For example, significant levels of new investments in a Fund by shareholders may cause a Fund to have more cash than would

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otherwise be the case, which might have a positive or negative impact on Fund performance. Similarly, redemption activity might cause a Fund to sell portfolio securities, which may increase transaction costs and might generate a capital gain or loss, or cause it to borrow funds on a short-term basis to cover redemptions, which would cause a Fund to incur costs that, in effect, would be borne by all shareholders, not just the redeeming shareholders. Shareholder purchase and redemption activity also may affect the per share amount of a Fund's distributions of its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, thereby affecting the tax burden on a Fund's shareholders subject to federal income tax. To the extent a larger shareholder (including, for example, an Affiliated Fund that operates as a fund-of-funds or 529 college savings plan) is permitted to invest in a Fund, a Fund may experience large inflows or outflows of cash from time to time. This activity could magnify these adverse effects on a Fund.

Large-Capitalization Company Risk: Investments in large-capitalization companies may go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions and may underperform other market segments. Some large-capitalization companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges and attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion. As such, returns on investments in stocks of large-capitalization companies could trail the returns on investments in stocks of small- and mid-capitalization companies.

Leveraging Risk: The Extended Market Fund is subject to leveraging risk. Leveraging risk is the risk associated with securities or practices that multiply small price movements into large changes in value. The more a Fund invests in leveraged instruments or strategies that use leveraged instruments, the more this leverage will magnify any losses on those investments.

Liquidity Risk: Certain securities held by a Fund may be difficult (or impossible) to sell at the time and at the price a Fund would like due to a variety of factors, including general market conditions, the perceived financial strength of the issuer, or specific restrictions on resale of the securities. Consequently, a Fund may have to hold these securities longer than it would like and may forgo other investment opportunities. It also is possible that a Fund could be prevented from realizing capital gains or could be forced to incur capital losses if the Adviser is unable to sell a position at the time or price of the Adviser's choosing. Lack of liquidity may impact valuation of such securities and a Fund's NAV adversely, especially during times of financial distress. In addition, a Fund may not be able to raise cash when needed or may be forced to sell other investments to raise cash, which could impact a Fund's performance negatively. Infrequent trading of securities also may lead to an increase in price volatility. Liquidity is a general investment risk that potentially could impact any security, but funds that invest in privately-placed securities, certain small-company securities, high-yield bonds, mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities, foreign or emerging-market

28 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

securities, derivatives, or other structured investments, which all have experienced periods of illiquidity, generally are subject to greater liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in these types of securities.

Non-Diversification Risk: The 500 Index Fund and Nasdaq-100 Index Fund is non-diversified, which means that it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in a single issuer or a limited number of issuers, such as a single stock or bond. Because a relatively high percentage of the Fund's total assets may be invested in the securities of a single issuer or a limited number of issuers, the Fund's portfolio may be more sensitive to changes in the market value of these securities. Such a focused investment strategy may increase the volatility of the Fund's investment results, because this Fund may be more susceptible to risks associated with a single issuer or economic, political, or regulatory events than a diversified fund.

Sector Risk: The 500 Index Fund and Nasdaq-100 Index Fund are subject to sector risk. The returns from a specific type of security may trail returns from other asset classes or the overall market. For example, the stocks that make up the index currently are heavily weighted in the technology sectors. Technology companies may be particularly vulnerable to factors affecting the technology sector, such as dependency on consumer and business acceptance as new technology evolves, large and rapid price movements resulting from competition, rapid obsolescence of products and services, and short product cycles. Many technology companies are small and at an earlier stage of development and, therefore, may be subject to risks such as those arising out of limited product lines, markets, and financial and managerial resources. High volatility or poor performance of the sectors will directly affect the Fund's performance. Sectors will go through cycles of doing better or worse than stocks or bonds in general. These periods may last for several years.

Securities Lending Risk: Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other institutions on a fully collateralized basis. There is a risk of delay in recovering a loaned security and/or risk of loss in collateral if the borrower becomes insolvent. There also is risk of loss if the borrower defaults and fails to return the loaned securities. Each Fund could incur losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral from the loan, if the value of the short-term investments acquired with the cash collateral is less than the amount of cash collateral required to be returned to the borrower.

Small- and Mid-Capitalization Company Risk: The Extended Market Index Fund is subject to small- and mid-capitalization company risk. Small- and mid-cap companies may be more vulnerable than larger companies to adverse business or economic conditions. These companies also may have limited product lines, markets, or financial resources, and can be particularly sensitive to interest rates, borrowing costs, and earnings. Securities of such companies may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of larger companies or the market in general and, therefore, may involve greater risk than investing in securities of larger companies. In addition, small- and mid-cap companies may not be well known to the investing public, may not have institutional

Prospectus | 29

 

 

ownership, and may have only cyclical, static, or moderate growth prospects. Investing more heavily in one market capitalization (large, medium, or small) carries the risk that due to market conditions, that market capitalization sector may underperform the others.

Stock Market Risk: Because each Fund invests in stocks and other assets whose value is tied to stocks, they are subject to stock market risk. A company's stock price in general may decline over short or even extended periods of time, regardless of the success or failure of a company's operations. Stock markets tend to run in cycles, with periods when stock prices generally go up, and periods when stock prices generally go down. However, stock markets also can move up and down rapidly or unpredictably, based on overall economic conditions and other factors and may negatively impact Fund performance. Changes in the financial condition of a single issuer can impact a market as a whole and adverse market conditions may be prolonged and may not have the same impact on all types of securities. In addition, the markets may not favor a particular kind of security, including equity securities. Values of securities may fall due to factors affecting a particular issuer, industry or the securities market as a whole.

Market turmoil may be reflected in perceptions of economic uncertainty, price volatility in the equity and debt markets, and fluctuating trading liquidity. In response, governments may adopt a variety of fiscal and monetary policy changes, including but not limited to, direct capital infusions into companies, new monetary programs, and lower interest rates. These policies may not be successful, and any unexpected or quick reversal of these policies could increase volatility in the equity and debt markets. Market conditions and economic risks could have a significant effect on domestic and international economies, and could add significantly to the risks of increased volatility and decreased liquidity for the Funds' portfolio. Equity securities tend to be more volatile than debt securities.

￿Information Technology and Operations Risk: Markets and market participants are increasingly reliant upon both publicly available and proprietary information data systems. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies, unauthorized use or access, and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems and may have an adverse impact upon a single issuer, a group of issuers, or the market at large. The information technology and other operational systems upon which a Fund's service providers rely may be subject to cyber attack or other technological disruptions, and could otherwise disrupt the ability of these service providers to perform essential tasks for the Funds. In certain cases, an exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on either specific securities or even the entire market, which may result in a Fund being, among other things, unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments or accurately price its investments.

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￿Geopolitical/Natural Disaster Risk: Global economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely affect issuers in another country or region. Geopolitical and other risks, including war, terrorism, trade disputes, political or economic dysfunction within some nations, public health crises and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. Changes in trade policies and international trade agreements could affect the economies of many countries in unpredictable ways. Epidemics and/or pandemics, such as the coronavirus (or COVID-19), may result in, among other things, closing borders, disruptions to healthcare service preparation and delivery, quarantines, cancellations, disruptions to supply chains and consumer activity, as well as general concern and uncertainty. The impact may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

The COVID-19 pandemic, which has spread rapidly across the world, has led and will continue to lead for an unknown period of time to disruptions in local, regional, national and global markets and economies. Among other things, the outbreak has resulted in, and until fully resolved is likely to continue to result in, among other things (1) government imposition of various forms of "stay at home" orders and the closing of "non-essential" businesses, resulting in significant disruption to the businesses of many issuers as well as lay-offs of employees (2) increased requests by issuers of debt instruments for amendments and waivers of agreements to avoid default and increased defaults (3) volatility and disruption of markets, including greater volatility in pricing and spreads; and (4) rapidly evolving proposals and/or actions by state and federal governments to address problems being experienced by the markets and by businesses and the economy in general.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

This prospectus does not tell you about every policy or risk of investing in the Funds. For additional information about the Funds' investment policies and the types of securities in which the Funds' assets may be invested, you may request a copy of the Funds' SAI (the back cover of this prospectus tells you how to do this).

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

Each Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio securities are available in the Funds' SAI, which is available upon request.

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FUND MANAGEMENT

Effective July 1, 2019, Victory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser"), a New York corporation that is registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") serves as the investment adviser to the Funds pursuant to an investment advisory agreement. The Adviser's principal address is 15935 La Cantera Pkwy, Building Two, San Antonio, Texas 78256. The Funds are three of 47 no-load mutual funds offered by USAA Mutual Funds Trust (the "Trust"). Prior to July 1, 2019, USAA Asset Management Company ("AMCO") served as the Funds' investment adviser. Subject to the authority of the Board, the Adviser is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Funds business affairs. The Adviser is responsible for selecting each Fund's investments according to its investment objective, policies, and restrictions. As of March 31, 2020, the Adviser managed assets totaling in excess of

$124 billion for numerous clients including large corporate and public retirement plans, Taft-Hartley plans, foundations and endowments, high net worth individuals and mutual funds.

The Fund's Board has the overall responsibility for overseeing the management of the Funds. A discussion regarding the basis of the Board's approval of the Funds' Advisory Agreement is available in each Funds' semiannual report to shareholders for the period ended June 30.

The Adviser is a multi-boutique asset manager comprised of multiple investment teams, referred to as investment franchises, each of which utilizes an independent approach to investment. The Adviser's Victory Solutions platform oversees the rules-based investment strategies and is responsible for the day-to-day investment management of the Funds.

With respect to the Extended Market Index Fund, the Fund pays the Adviser an investment management fee, which is accrued daily and paid monthly, equal to an annualized rate of 0.10% of average daily net assets.

With respect to the 500 Index Fund, the Fund pays the Adviser an investment management fee, which is accrued daily and paid monthly, equal to an annualized rate of 0.10% of average daily net assets.

With respect to the Nasdaq-100 Index Fund, the Fund pays the Adviser an investment management fee, which is accrued daily and paid monthly, equal to an annualized rate of 0.20% of average daily net assets.

See Fees and Expenses in this Prospectus for information about any contractual agreement agreed to by the Adviser to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses with respect to the Funds. From time to time, the Adviser also may voluntarily waive fees and/or reimburse expenses in amounts exceeding those required to be waived or reimbursed under any contractual agreement that may be in place with respect to the Funds.

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Each Fund is authorized, although the Adviser has no present intention of utilizing such authority, to use a "manager-of-managers" structure. The Adviser could select (with approval of the Board and without shareholder approval) one or more subadvisers to manage the day-to-day investment of the Funds' assets. The Adviser would monitor each subadviser's performance through quantitative and qualitative analysis and periodically report to the Board as to whether a subadviser's agreement should be renewed, terminated, or modified. The Adviser also would be responsible for determining how the Funds' assets should be allocated to the subadvisers. The allocation for a subadviser could range from 0% to 100% of the Funds' assets, and the Adviser could change the allocations without shareholder approval.

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

Mannik S. Dhillon, CFA, CAIA, President, VictoryShares and Solutions for Victory Capital, has co-managed a portion of each Fund since July 2019. Mr. Dhillon served as Victory Capital's Head of Investment Solutions, Product, and Strategy from 2015-2017. He served as a managing director and head of manager research with Wilshire Associates, where he evaluated asset managers and led strategic consulting engagements from 2010-2015. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst ("CFA") and Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst ("CAIA").

Wasif A. Latif, Head of Investments, VictoryShares and Solutions, has co-managed a portion of the each Fund since July 2019. Mr. Latif has 20 years of investment management experience, 10 of which were with AMCO, which was acquired by the Adviser's parent company 2019.

The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio manager's compensation, other accounts managed, and ownership of Fund securities.

PURCHASES

OPENING AN ACCOUNT WITH THE FUNDS

You may purchase shares directly from the Fund or through certain investment professionals (e.g., financial intermediaries) as described below. You may call toll free at (800) 235-8396, Monday through Friday, 7:30 a.m. to 8 p.m., and Saturday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Central time, to inquire about opening an account with us. If you already have an account with us, you will not need to fill out another application to invest in another fund, including other funds managed by the Adviser (together with the Fund, we refer to these as the "Affiliated Funds" or so simply as the "Funds"), unless the registration is different or we need further information to verify your identity.

As required by federal law, we must obtain certain information from you prior to opening an account with us. If we are unable to verify your identity, we may refuse to open your account, or we may open your account and take

Prospectus | 33

 

 

certain actions without prior notice to you, including restricting account transactions pending verification of your identity. If we subsequently are unable to verify your identity, we may close your account and return to you the value of your shares at the next calculated NAV. We prohibit opening accounts for certain investors, including but not limited to, foreign financial institutions, shell banks, correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks, and correspondent accounts for foreign financial institutions. A "foreign shell bank" is a foreign bank without a physical presence in any country. A "correspondent account" is an account established for a foreign bank to receive deposits from, or to make payments or other disbursements on behalf of, the foreign bank, or to handle other financial transactions related to such foreign bank.

A fund or any class may be closed at any time for failure to achieve an economical level of assets or for other reasons.

TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

Each shareholder named on an account with us must provide a Social Security number or other taxpayer identification number to avoid "backup" tax withholding required by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). See the section titled Taxes for additional tax information.

SHARE CLASSES

Shares of the Funds are only available for sale in the United States and certain other areas subject to U.S. jurisdiction and may not be offered for sale in non-U.S. jurisdictions. Investors residing outside of the United States (except those with Air/Army Post Office ("APO"), Fleet Post Office ("FPO"), or Diplomatic Post Office ("DPO") addresses) generally may not purchase shares of the Funds, even if they are U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents.

We reserve the right, without notice, to change the eligibility criteria for purchasing a particular share class. For example, a class of shares may be available to purchase only by retirement plans or by institutional investors. We may also waive any applicable eligibility criteria or investment minimums at our discretion.

Member Shares and Reward Shares:

Member Shares and Reward Shares are each a separate share class of the 500 Index Fund and are not separate mutual funds. Shares of the 500 Index Fund are available for purchase directly with the Fund on the Internet, by telephone, or by mail.

If shares of the 500 Index Fund are purchased through a retirement account or an investment professional (i.e., a financial intermediary), the policies and procedures relating to these purchases may differ from those discussed in this prospectus and may vary. Additional fees also may apply to your investment

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in the Fund, including a transaction fee, if you buy or sell shares of the Fund through a broker or other investment professional. For more information on these fees, check with your investment professional.

Note: Reward Shares are not available to: SIMPLE IRAs, SEP IRAs, KEOGHs, 403(b) custodian accounts, accounts held in pension plans, profit sharing plans, accounts maintained by financial intermediaries, accounts held by corporations.

Fund Shares:

The Fund Shares are a separate share class of the Extended Market Index Fund and Nasdaq-100 Index Fund and are not a separate mutual fund. Fund Shares are available for purchase directly with the Fund on the Internet, by telephone, or by mail.

If Fund Shares are purchased through a retirement account or an investment professional (i.e., a financial intermediary), the policies and procedures relating to these purchases may differ from those discussed in this prospectus. Additional fees also may apply to your investment in a Fund, including a transaction fee, if you buy or sell shares of a Fund through a broker or other investment professional. For more information on these fees, check with your investment professional.

R6 Shares:

The R6 Shares are a separate share class of the Fund and are not a separate mutual fund. Class R6 shares may only be purchased by or through:

￿Endowment funds and foundations;

￿Retirement plans, including Section 401 and 457 plans, section 403 plans sponsored by a section 501(c)(3) organization, employer sponsored benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and certain non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that operate in a similar manner to qualified plans;

￿Advisory programs with an approved financial intermediary in which the financial intermediary typically charges the investor a fee based upon the value of the account; and

￿Registered investment companies.

Such investments may be subject to additional rules or requirements of the applicable Advisory Program.

The R6 Shares are not available to retail accounts, traditional or Roth IRAs, SEPs, SARSEPs, SIMPLE IRAs, or 529 college savings plans.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

Your ability to purchase, exchange, redeem, and transfer shares will be affected by the policies of the financial intermediary through which you do business. Some policy differences may include: minimum investment requirements, exchange policies, fund choices, cutoff time for investments, and trading restrictions.

In addition, your financial intermediary may charge a transaction or other fee for the purchase or sale of shares of the Fund. Those charges are retained by the financial intermediary and are not shared with the Adviser. Please contact your financial intermediary or plan sponsor for a complete description of its policies.

Copies of each Fund's annual report, semiannual report, and SAI are available from your financial intermediary or plan sponsor.

MINIMUM INVESTMENTS

Initial Purchase – Member Shares (500 Index Fund Only) and Fund Shares (Nasdaq-100 Index Fund and Extended Market Index Fund)

￿$3,000 minimum. However, financial intermediaries may set different investment minimums, and the respective Fund reserves the right to waive or lower purchase minimums in certain circumstances.

Initial Purchase – Reward Shares (500 Index Fund Only)

￿$100,000 minimum for new investors. Alternatively, investors who hold Member Shares and whose account balance in the Fund is at least $100,000 or who have an account through a USAA discretionary managed account program will have their Member Shares converted to Reward Shares (see the section entitled Converting Shares). Until we verify that you are indeed eligible for Reward Shares, you will hold Member Shares, which will be converted to Reward Shares upon verification.

Initial Purchase – R6 Shares (Nasdaq-100 Index Fund Only)

￿There is no minimum investment amount for R6 Shares. However, financial intermediaries or plan recordkeepers may require participants to meet different investment minimums.

Additional Minimum Purchases – Member Shares and Reward Shares (500 Index Fund Only) and Fund Shares (Nasdaq-100 Index Fund and Extended Market Index Fund)

￿$50 per transaction minimum, per account.

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Additional Minimum Purchases – R6 Shares (Nasdaq-100 Index Fund Only)

￿There is no subsequent purchase minimum investment amount for R6 Shares. However, financial intermediaries or plan recordkeepers may require participants to meet different subsequent purchase requirements.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF PURCHASE

When you make a purchase, your purchase price will be the NAV per share next calculated after we or the financial intermediary receive your request in "proper form" as provided in the section titled Important Transaction Information. Each Fund's NAV per share is calculated as of the close of the regular trading session (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time) of the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") each day it is open for trading. If we or the financial intermediary receive your purchase request in proper form prior to that time, your purchase price will be the NAV per share calculated for that day. If we or the financial intermediary receive your purchase request in proper form after that time, the purchase price will be the NAV per share calculated as of the close of the next regular trading session of the NYSE.

The Funds or the Funds' distributor or transfer agent may enter into agreements with Servicing Agents (such as financial intermediaries or plan sponsors), which hold shares of a Fund in omnibus accounts for their customers, under which the Servicing Agents are authorized to receive orders for shares of a Fund on a Fund's behalf. Under these arrangements, a Fund will be deemed to have received an order when an authorized Servicing Agent receives the order. Accordingly, customer orders will be priced at the respective Fund's NAV per share next calculated after they are received by an authorized Servicing Agent even though the orders may be transmitted to the Fund by the Servicing Agent after the time a Fund calculates its NAV.

PAYMENT

If you hold an account directly with a Fund and you plan to purchase shares from us with a check, the instrument must be written in U.S. dollars and drawn on a U.S. bank. In addition, initial purchases into an account by electronic funds transfer or check may be held for up to 30 days before any redemptions may be processed. We do not accept the following foreign instruments: checks, money orders, traveler's checks, or other similar instruments. In addition, we do not accept cash or coins. If you plan to purchase shares through a financial intermediary, please check with that financial intermediary regarding acceptable forms of payment.

REDEMPTIONS

For federal income tax purposes, a redemption of shares of a Fund is a taxable event, upon which you may recognize a capital gain or loss (unless you hold the shares of the Fund in a tax-deferred account or are a tax-exempt

Prospectus | 37

 

 

investor). A capital gain or loss is based on the difference between your basis in the redeemed shares and the proceeds you receive upon their redemption. See the section titled Taxes for information regarding basis election and reporting.

Each Fund may elect to suspend the redemption of shares or postpone the date of payment in limited circumstances (e.g., if the NYSE is closed or when permitted by order of the SEC).

Under normal market conditions, each Fund typically expects to meet redemption requests by paying out proceeds from cash or cash equivalent portfolio holdings, or by selling portfolio holdings. Under deteriorating market conditions or market stress, a Fund also may borrow from a line of credit to which the Fund and certain other affiliated Funds are parties. A Fund and the other affiliated Funds are limited as to the amount that each may individually and collectively borrow under the line of credit. As a result, borrowings available to a Fund may be insufficient to satisfy Fund redemption requests. In addition, a Fund reserves the right to honor redemption orders wholly or partly with in-kind distributions of Fund portfolio securities instead of cash.

REDEEMING SHARES

Fund, Reward, and Member Shares:

You may redeem shares of a Fund through the Internet or by telephone on any day the NAV per share is calculated. If you have a direct account with a Fund, you also may redeem shares by mail. Shareholders will receive a redemption price of the NAV per share next calculated after we receive your request in "proper form" as provided in the section titled Important Transaction Information. If we receive your redemption request in proper form prior to the close of the NYSE's regular trading session (generally

4 p.m. Eastern time), your redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated for that day. If we receive the redemption request after that time, the redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated as of the close of the next regular trading session of the NYSE. Shares redeemed through an investment account will be subject to applicable policies and procedures.

Each Fund has undertaken certain authentication procedures regarding telephone transactions and will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. Before any discussion regarding your account, we will obtain certain information from you to verify your identity. Additionally, your telephone calls may be recorded or monitored, and confirmations of account transactions are sent to the address of record or by electronic delivery to your designated e-mail address.

If you hold shares of a Fund in an account directly with a Fund, a Fund typically expects to pay out redemption proceeds on the next business day after your order is received in proper form; however, it may take up to seven days to send your proceeds. Payment for redemption of shares purchased by electronic funds transfer ("EFT") or check will be sent after the EFT or check

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has cleared, which could take up to 30 days from the initial purchase date into a Fund and seven days from the purchase date.

If you hold shares of a Fund in your account with a financial intermediary, please contact your financial intermediary regarding redemption policies. Generally, any redemption request you place with your financial intermediary in proper form prior to the close of the NYSE (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time) will receive the NAV per share calculated for that day, subject to the financial intermediary's applicable policies and procedures. Normally, a Fund transmits proceeds to intermediaries for redemption orders that are received in proper form on the next business day after receipt. Under certain circumstances and when deemed to be in a Fund's best interests, proceeds may not be sent to intermediaries for up to seven days after receipt of the redemption order.

R6 Shares (Nasdaq-100 Index Fund only):

R6 Shares generally may be purchased or redeemed only through employer-sponsored retirement plans where a financial intermediary provides retirement recordkeeping services to plan participants. Check with your financial intermediary or plan sponsor for its policies on redemptions. Shareholders of R6 Shares will receive a redemption price of the NAV per share next calculated after we receive the redemption request, prior to the close of the NYSE's regular trading session (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time), in "proper form," as provided in the section titled Important Transaction Information. The redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated for that day. If we receive the redemption request after that time, the redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated as of the close of the next regular trading session of the NYSE. Normally, the Fund transmits proceeds to intermediaries and eligible institutional investors (foundations and endowment funds) for redemption orders received in proper form on the next business day after receipt. Under certain circumstances and when deemed to be in the Fund's best interests, proceeds may not be sent to intermediaries for up to seven days after receipt of the redemption order.

CONVERTING SHARES

CONVERSION INTO REWARD SHARES

The following discussion applies to the 500 Index Fund only. We will convert Member Shares into Reward Shares if you meet either of the following criteria:

￿Your account balance in the Fund is at least $100,000; or

￿You hold Member Shares through a USAA discretionary managed account program.

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CONVERSION INTO MEMBER SHARES

If you no longer meet the requirements for our Reward Shares, the Fund may reclassify your Reward Shares into Member Shares. A decline in your account balance due to redemption or exchange may result in such a conversion.

Market movement alone, however, will not result in a conversion. The Fund will notify you in writing before any mandatory conversion into Member Shares.

If your account held Reward Shares as of April 30, 2006, and does not satisfy the above criteria, you may continue to hold Reward Shares and are eligible to purchase additional Reward Shares in your account, provided that you continue to satisfy the eligibility criteria that were previously in effect and on which the purchase of your Reward Shares was based. A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a non-taxable event.

PRICING

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class of a Fund for shares of another class of the same Fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the "new" shares you receive equals the dollar value of the "old" shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the Fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs per share of the two share classes. A conversion between share classes of the same Fund is a non-taxable event.

Conversions are not subject to a Fund's restrictions on short-term trading activity discussed under the section titled Excessive Short-Term Trading in this prospectus.

EXCHANGES

For federal income tax purposes, an exchange between funds is a taxable event, upon which you may recognize a capital gain or loss (unless you hold the shares of a Fund in a tax-deferred account or are a tax-exempt investor). Such a gain or loss is based on the difference, if any, between your basis in the exchanged shares and the aggregate NAV of the shares you receive in the exchange. See the section titled Taxes for information regarding basis election and reporting.

EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE

You may exchange shares between funds in the USAA family of funds, provided the shares to be acquired are offered in your state of residence. A Fund, however, reserves the right to terminate or change the terms of an exchange offer.

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If you have opened an account directly with a Fund, you may make exchanges on usaa.com or on mobile.usaa.com. After we receive the exchange orders, the Fund's transfer agent will simultaneously process exchange redemptions and purchases at the share prices next calculated pursuant to the procedures set forth herein. See the section titled Effective Date of Purchase for additional information. The investment minimums applicable to share purchases also apply to exchanges.

If you hold shares of a Fund in an account with a financial intermediary or plan sponsor, the policies and procedures on an exchange may differ from those discussed in this prospectus. Additional fees also may apply to your investment in a Fund, including a transaction fee, if you buy, sell, or exchange shares of a Fund through a broker or other investment professional. For more information on these fees, check with your investment professional.

OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT PURCHASES, REDEMPTIONS, AND EXCHANGES

Contacting the USAA Funds

The following features may be available to you to purchase, redeem, and exchange shares of a Fund you hold in an account opened directly with a Fund. Effective on or about July 6, 2020, all website transactions should be placed online at vcm.com.

Internet Access

￿Review account information and make most account transactions. This includes making purchases, exchanges, and redemptions; reviewing account activity; checking balances; and more.

Mobile Access

￿Review account information and make most account transactions.

Telephone System (800) 235-8396

￿Access account information and make most account transactions.

Telephone

￿Call toll free (800) 235-8396 Monday – Friday, 7:30 a.m. to 8 p.m. and Saturday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Central time, to speak with a member service representative. However, we reserve the right to modify these hours in our discretion as circumstances warrant.

Prospectus | 41

 

 

Mail

￿If you would like to make a purchase or request a redemption by mail, send your written instructions to:

Regular Mail:

USAA Mutual Funds

P.O. Box 182593

Columbus, OH 43218-2593

Registered or Express Mail:

USAA Mutual Funds

4249 Easton Way

Suite 400

Columbus, OH 43219

Bank Wire

￿To add to your account or request a redemption by bank wire, visit the usaa.com website or call (800) 235-8396 for instructions. This helps to ensure that your account will be credited or debited promptly and correctly.

Electronic Funds Transfer

￿Additional purchases on a regular basis may be deducted electronically from a bank account. Sign up for these services when opening an account, visit the usaa.com website or call (800) 235-8396 for assistance.

IMPORTANT TRANSACTION INFORMATION

Purchase, redemption, and exchange requests are not processed until received in proper form. "Proper form" means actual receipt of the order along with all information and supporting documentation necessary to effect the transaction. Complete information may include any verification or confirmation of identity that the Funds' transfer agent or other authorized Fund agent may request. For purchase requests, "proper form" also generally includes receipt of sufficient funds to effect the purchase. Each Fund, its transfer agent, or any authorized Fund agent may, in its sole discretion, determine whether any particular transaction request is in good order and reserve the right to change or waive any good order requirement at any time. Financial intermediaries may have their own requirements for recognizing a transaction in proper form or good order. If you hold your shares through a financial intermediary, please contact them for specific proper form or good order requirements.

42 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

IRA DISTRIBUTION FEE

Each Fund may apply a distribution fee to all full IRA distributions, except for those due to death, disability, or divorce. Partial IRA distributions are not charged a distribution fee.

EXCESSIVE SHORT-TERM TRADING

The Affiliated Funds generally are not intended as short-term investment vehicles (except for the money market funds, USAA Short-Term Bond Fund, USAA Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and USAA Tax Exempt Short-Term Fund). Some investors try to profit by using excessive short-term trading practices involving mutual fund shares, frequently referred to as "market timing."

Excessive short-term trading activity can disrupt the efficient management of a fund and raise its transaction costs by forcing portfolio managers to first buy and then sell portfolio securities in response to a large investment or redemption by short-term traders. While there is no assurance that the Affiliated Funds can deter all excessive and short-term trading, the Board has adopted the following policies (except for the money market funds, USAA Short-Term Bond Fund, USAA Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and USAA Tax Exempt Short-Term Fund). These policies are designed to deter disruptive, excessive short-term trading without needlessly penalizing bona fide investors.

To deter such trading activities, the Affiliated Funds' policies and procedures state that:

￿Each Affiliated Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order, including an exchange, that it regards as disruptive to the efficient management of the particular fund.

￿Each Affiliated Fund may use a fair value pricing service or other model to assist in establishing the current value of foreign securities held by the Affiliated Fund. Fair value pricing is used to adjust for "stale pricing" that may occur between the close of certain foreign exchanges or markets and the time when the Affiliated Fund calculates its NAV per share. The use of fair value pricing is intended to deter investors who may be trying to take advantage of time-zone differences in the valuation of foreign securities and to prevent dilution to long-term investors. Fair value pricing of a foreign security can result in an Affiliated Fund using a price that is higher or lower than the closing price of a foreign security for purposes of calculating an Affiliated Fund's NAV.

Prospectus | 43

 

 

THE AFFILIATED FUNDS' RIGHT TO REJECT PURCHASE AND EXCHANGE ORDERS AND LIMIT TRADING IN ACCOUNTS

The Affiliated Funds' main safeguard against excessive short-term trading is their right to reject purchase or exchange orders if in the best interest of the affected fund. In exercising this discretion to reject purchase and exchange orders, the Affiliated Funds deem that certain excessive short-term trading activities are not in the best interest of the fund because such activities can hamper the efficient management of the fund. Generally, persons who engage in an "in and out" (or "out and in") transaction within a 30-day period will violate the Affiliated Funds' policy if they engage in another "in and out" (or "out and in") transaction in the same fund within 90 days. The Affiliated Funds also reserve the right to restrict future purchases or exchanges if an investor is classified as engaged in other patterns of excessive short-term trading, including after one large disruptive purchase and redemption or exchange. Finally, the Affiliated Funds reserve the right to reject any other purchase or exchange order in other situations that do not involve excessive short-term trading activities if in the best interest of a fund.

The following transactions are exempt from the excessive short-term trading activity policies described above:

￿Transactions in the money market funds, USAA Short-Term Bond Fund, USAA Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and USAA Tax Exempt Short-Term Fund;

￿Purchases and sales pursuant to automatic investment or withdrawal plans;

￿Purchases and sales made through USAA 529 College Savings PlanTM;

￿Purchases and sales by the USAA Target Retirement Funds, USAA Cornerstone Conservative Fund, and/or USAA Cornerstone Equity Fund; and

￿Other transactions that are not motivated by short-term trading considerations if they are approved by transfer agent management personnel and are not disruptive to a fund.

If a person is classified as having engaged in excessive short-term trading, the remedy will depend upon the trading activities of the investor in the account and related accounts and its disruptive effect, and can include warnings to cease such activity and/or restrictions or termination of trading privileges in a particular Affiliated Fund or all of the Affiliated Funds.

The Affiliated Funds rely on the transfer agent to review trading activity for excessive short-term trading. There can be no assurance, however, that its monitoring activities will successfully detect or prevent all excessive short-term trading. The Affiliated Funds or the transfer agent may exclude transactions below a certain dollar amount from monitoring and may change that dollar amount from time to time.

44 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

The Affiliated Funds seek to apply these policies and procedures uniformly to all investors; however, some investors purchase shares of an Affiliated Fund through financial intermediaries that establish omnibus accounts to invest in the Affiliated Funds for their clients and submit net orders to purchase or redeem shares after combining their client orders. The Affiliated Funds subject to the short-term trading policies generally treat these omnibus accounts as an individual investor and will apply the short-term trading policies to the net purchases and sales submitted by the omnibus account unless the Affiliated Funds or their transfer agent have entered into an agreement requiring the omnibus account to submit the underlying trading information for their clients upon our request and/or monitor for excessive trading. For those omnibus accounts for which we have entered into agreements to monitor excessive trading or provide underlying trade information, the financial intermediary or Affiliated Funds will review net activity in these omnibus accounts for activity that indicates potential, excessive short-term trading activity. If we detect suspicious trading activity at the omnibus account level, we will request underlying trading information and review the underlying trading activity to identify individual accounts engaged in excessive short-term trading activity. We will instruct the omnibus account to restrict, limit, or terminate trading privileges in a particular fund for individual accounts identified as engaging in excessive short-term trading through these omnibus accounts.

We also may rely on the financial intermediary to review for and identify underlying trading activity for individual accounts engaged in excessive short-term trading activity, and to restrict, limit, or terminate trading privileges if the financial intermediary's policies are determined by us to be at least as stringent as the Affiliated Funds' policy. For shares purchased through financial intermediaries there may be additional or more restrictive policies. You may wish to contact your financial intermediary to determine the policies applicable to your account.

Because of the increased costs to review underlying trading information, the Affiliated Funds will not enter into agreements with every financial intermediary that operates an omnibus account. The Affiliated Funds or their transfer agent could decide to enter into such contracts with financial intermediaries for all funds or particular funds and can terminate such agreements at any time.

OTHER FUND RIGHTS

The Funds reserve the right to:

￿Reject or restrict purchase or exchange orders when in the best interest of the Fund;

￿Limit or discontinue the offering of shares of the Fund without notice to the shareholders;

￿Calculate the NAV per share and accept purchase, exchange, and redemption orders on a business day that the NYSE is closed;

Prospectus | 45

 

 

￿Redeem some or all of its shares in kind when in the best interest of the Fund;

￿Require a signature guarantee for transactions or changes in account information in those instances where the appropriateness of a signature authorization is in question (the SAI contains information on acceptable guarantors);

￿Redeem an account with less than $500, with certain limitations;

￿Restrict or liquidate an account when necessary or appropriate to comply with federal law; and

￿Discontinue or otherwise limit the opening of accounts with us.

MULTIPLE CLASS INFORMATION

The Funds are comprised of multiple classes of shares. Each class shares the respective Fund's investment objective and investment portfolio. The classes have different fees, expenses, and/or minimum investment requirements. The difference in the fee structures between the classes is primarily the result of their separate arrangements for shareholder and distribution services and performance fee arrangements. It is not the result of any difference in base investment management or custodial fee rate schedules or other expenses related to the management of the Funds' assets, which do not vary by class. Shareholders of R6 Shares do not require the same level of shareholder and administrative services from the Nasdaq-100 Index Fund as shareholders of the other classes. In addition, the Nasdaq-100 Index Fund does not pay any service, distribution, or administrative fees to financial intermediaries for R6 Shares. As a result, the R6 shares pay lower fees. Different fees and expenses will affect performance.

Except as described below, the share classes have identical voting, dividend, liquidation, and other rights, preferences, terms, and conditions. The primary differences between the classes are: (a) each class may be subject to different expenses specific to that class; (b) each class has a different identifying designation or name; (c) each class has exclusive voting rights with respect to matters solely affecting that class; and (d) each class may have different purchase, exchange, and redemption privileges.

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

Certain financial intermediaries perform recordkeeping, networking, administrative, sub-transfer agency, and shareholder services for their clients with respect to their investments in a Fund that otherwise would be performed by the Fund's transfer agent or administrator and shareholder servicing agent.

46 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

In some circumstances, we, or one of our affiliates, will pay a financial intermediary for these services out of our own resources. In other circumstances, a Fund will pay a fee to the financial intermediary for performing those services. A Fund will not pay financial intermediaries more than it would pay its direct service providers for transfer agency, administration, and/or shareholder services. In cases where intermediary fees are higher due to differences in the services being provided or other factors, the additional amounts will be paid by us and/or the distributor. In addition, these payments generally are based on either (1) a percentage of the average daily net assets of Fund shareholders' accounts serviced by a financial intermediary or (2) a fixed dollar amount for each account serviced by a financial intermediary. The aggregate amount of these payments may be substantial.

In addition, we and the Funds' distributor may make payments to intermediaries for various additional services, other expenses, and/or the financial intermediaries' distribution of shares of a Fund. Such payments are sometimes referred to as "revenue sharing" and generally are negotiated with a financial intermediary on the basis of such factors as the number or value of shares of a Fund that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; or the type and nature of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary. Such revenue sharing payments are intended to compensate a financial intermediary for one or more of the following: (1) distribution, which may include expenses incurred by financial intermediaries for their sales activities with respect to a Fund, such as preparing, printing, and distributing sales literature and advertising materials and compensating registered representatives or other employees of such financial intermediaries for their sales activities, as well as the opportunity for a Fund to be made available by such financial intermediaries; (2) shareholder services, such as providing individual and custom investment advisory services to clients of the financial intermediaries; and (3) marketing and promotional services, including business planning assistance, educating personnel about a Fund, including a Fund on preferred or recommended lists or in certain sales programs sponsored by the intermediary, and sponsorship of sales meetings, which may include covering costs of providing speakers. The distributor may sponsor seminars and conferences designed to educate financial intermediaries about a Fund and may cover the expenses associated with attendance at such meetings, including travel costs. These payments and activities are intended to educate financial intermediaries about a Fund and may help defray or compensate the financial intermediary for the costs associated with offering a Fund. We (and our affiliates) also may pay fixed fees for the listing of a Fund on a broker-dealer's or financial intermediary's system. Such payments are not considered to be revenue sharing payments.

The payments also may, to the extent permitted by applicable regulations, contribute to various non-cash and cash incentive arrangements to promote the sale of shares of a Fund, as well as sponsor various educational programs, sales contests and/or promotions. We and the Funds' distributor may, from

Prospectus | 47

 

 

time to time, provide occasional gifts, meals, tickets or other entertainment, or support for due diligence trips. These payments are in addition to any fees paid by a Fund to compensate financial intermediaries for providing distribution-related services to a Fund and/or shareholder services to Fund shareholders. These payments may be a fixed dollar amount or may be based on a percentage of the value of shares sold to, or held by, customers of the financial intermediary involved. The amount of these payments may be substantial and may differ among financial intermediaries. In addition, certain financial intermediaries may have access to certain services from us or the distributor, including research reports and economic analysis, and portfolio analysis tools. In certain cases, the financial intermediary may not pay for these services. These payments and other arrangements may create a conflict of interest by influencing the financial intermediary to recommend a Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information. The amount of any payments described by this paragraph is determined by us or the distributor, and all such amounts are paid out of our available assets or the assets of the distributor and do not directly affect the total expense ratio of a Fund.

The Nasdaq-100 Index Fund does not pay any service, distribution, or administrative fees to financial intermediaries on R6 Shares.

SHARE PRICE CALCULATION

The price at which you purchase and redeem shares of a Fund is equal to the NAV per share calculated on the effective date of the purchase or redemption. The NAV per share is calculated by adding the value of a Fund's assets (i.e., the value of its investments and other assets), deducting liabilities, and dividing by the number of shares outstanding. Shares of a Fund may be purchased and sold at the NAV per share without a sales charge. A Fund's NAV per share is calculated as of the close of the NYSE (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time) each day that the NYSE is open for regular trading. The NYSE is closed on most national holidays and Good Friday.

VALUATION OF SECURITIES

The Adviser has established a Pricing and Liquidity Committee (the "Committee"); and subject to Board oversight and approval, the Committee administers and oversees a Fund's valuation policies and procedures. Among other things, these policies and procedures allow a Fund to utilize independent pricing services, quotations from securities dealers, and a wide variety of sources and information to establish and adjust the fair value of securities as events occur and circumstances warrant.

Equity securities, including exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"), except as otherwise noted, traded primarily on domestic securities exchanges or the over-the-counter markets, are valued at the last sale price or official closing price on the exchange or primary market on which they trade. Equity securities traded primarily on foreign securities exchanges or markets are

48 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

valued at the last quoted sale price, or the most recently determined official closing price calculated according to local market convention, available at the time the Fund is valued. If no last sale or official closing price is reported or available, the closing bid price generally is used for U.S.-listed equities and the average of the bid and ask prices is used for foreign listed equities.

Short-term debt securities with original or remaining maturities of 60 days or less generally are priced but may be valued at amortized cost, provided that amortized cost represents the fair value of such securities.

Repurchase agreements are valued at cost.

Investments in open-end investment companies, commingled, or other funds, other than ETFs, are valued at their NAV at the end of each business day.

Futures contracts are valued at the settlement price at the close of market on the principal exchange on which they are traded or, in the absence of any transactions that day, the values are based upon the settlement price on the prior trading date.

Options contracts are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices. Options on futures are valued at the settlement price determined by the applicable exchange.

In the event that price quotations or valuations are not readily available, are not reflective of market value, or a significant event has been recognized in relation to a security or class of securities, the securities are valued in good faith, at fair value, by the Committee in accordance with valuation procedures approved by the Board. The effect of fair value pricing is that securities may not be priced on the basis of quotations from the primary market in which they are traded, and the actual price realized from the sale of a security may differ materially from the fair value price. Valuing these securities at fair value is intended to cause a Fund's NAV to be more reliable than it otherwise would be.

Fair value methods used by the Funds include, but are not limited to, obtaining market quotations from secondary pricing services, broker-dealers, other pricing services, or widely used quotation systems. General factors considered in determining the fair value of securities include fundamental analytical data, the nature and duration of any restrictions on disposition of the securities, evaluation of credit quality, and an evaluation of the forces that influenced the market in which the securities are purchased and sold.

For additional information on how securities are valued, see Valuation of Securities in the Funds' SAI.

DIVIDENDS AND OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS

The 500 Index Fund pays distributions of net investment income (dividends) quarterly. The Nasdaq-100 Index Fund and Extended Market Index Fund pay distributions of net investment income (dividends) annually. Ordinarily,

Prospectus | 49

 

 

any net realized capital gains are distributed in December of each year. Each Fund may make additional distributions to shareholders when considered appropriate or necessary. For example, a Fund could make one or more additional distributions to avoid the imposition of any federal income or excise taxes or may not make a distribution to limit returns of capital.

With respect to Member Shares held in the 500 Index Fund, a maximum account maintenance fee of $10 per year may be charged to your account if you do not maintain an account balance greater than $10,000. The $10 account maintenance fee will be automatically deducted from your account by the transfer agent and is deducted at a rate of $2.50 per quarter based on your ending balance on the Fund's quarterly ex-dividend date. The account maintenance fee may be deducted from the dividend income paid to your account or a sufficient number of shares may be redeemed from your account to pay the account maintenance fee. Any account maintenance fee deducted from the dividend income paid to your account will be treated as taxable income even though not received by you. The annual account maintenance fee may be changed upon at least 30 days' notice to you.

Each Fund automatically reinvests all dividends and other distributions paid on a share class in additional shares of that class unless you request to receive those distributions by way of electronic funds transfer. The share price for a reinvestment is the NAV per share of the class computed on the ex-distribution date. Any distribution made by the Fund reduces the NAV per share of the class by the amount of the distribution on the ex-distribution date. You should consider carefully the effects of purchasing shares of the Fund shortly before any distribution (as explained below). Each Fund will invest in your account, at the current NAV per share, any distribution payment returned to the Fund by your financial institution.

TAXES

The following tax information is quite general and refers to the federal income tax law in effect as of the date of this prospectus.

Treatment of the Fund

Each Fund, which is treated as a separate corporation for federal tax purposes, has qualified for each past taxable year, and intends to continue to qualify, for treatment as a "regulated investment company" under the Code. By doing so, each Fund (but not its shareholders) is relieved of federal income tax on the part of its investment company taxable income (consisting generally of taxable net investment income, the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss ("net short-term gain"), and net gains and losses from certain foreign currency transactions, if any, all determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid) and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), if any, that it distributes to its shareholders.

50 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

Shareholder Taxation

Distributions that shareholders receive from a Fund generally are subject to federal income tax and may be subject to state and/or local taxes. Dividends and distributions of net short-term gains are taxable to you as ordinary income, whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of a Fund. A portion of a Fund's dividends (which is not expected to be substantial) may qualify for (1) the 50% dividends-received deduction available to corporations, and (2) the lower maximum federal income tax rates applicable to "qualified dividend income" of individuals and certain other non-corporate shareholders (each, an "individual shareholder") who satisfy certain holding period and other restrictions with respect to their shares of a Fund—a maximum of 15% for a single shareholder with taxable income not exceeding $441,450 ($496,600 for married shareholders filing jointly) and 20% for those individual shareholders with taxable income exceeding those respective amounts (which are effective for 2020 and will be adjusted for inflation annually thereafter).

Regardless of the length of time you have held shares of a Fund, distributions of net capital gains that a Fund realizes are taxable to you as long-term capital gains, whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of a Fund.

Those distributions are taxed to individual shareholders at the 15% and 20% tax rates described above.

You may realize a capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes on a redemption or an exchange (which is treated like a redemption for those purposes) of shares of a Fund. Your gain or loss is based on the difference, if any, between your basis in the redeemed (or exchanged) shares and the redemption proceeds (or the aggregate NAV of the shares of the fund into which you exchange) you receive. Any capital gain an individual shareholder recognizes on a redemption or exchange of his or her shares of a Fund that have been held for more than one year will qualify for the 15% and 20% tax rates described above.

In addition, an individual shareholder is subject to a 3.8% federal tax on the lesser of (1) the individual's "net investment income," which generally includes taxable distributions a Fund pays and net gains realized on the redemption or exchange of shares of the Fund, or (2) the excess of his or her "modified adjusted gross income" over $200,000 (or $250,000 if married and filing jointly). This tax is in addition to any other taxes due on that income. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the effect, if any, this provision may have on your investment in shares of a Fund.

Your basis in shares of a Fund that you acquired after December 31, 2011, ("Covered Shares") will be determined in accordance with a Fund's default method, which is average basis, unless you affirmatively elect in writing (which may be electronic) to use a different acceptable basis determination method, such as a specific identification method. The basis determination method you elect (or the default method) may not be changed with respect to

Prospectus | 51

 

 

a redemption of Covered Shares after the settlement date of the redemption. You should consult with your tax adviser to determine the best Internal Revenue Service (IRS)-accepted basis determination method.

Withholding

Federal law requires each Fund to withhold (referred to as "backup withholding") and remit to the U.S. Treasury 24% of (1) dividends, capital gain distributions, and proceeds of redemptions, regardless of the extent to which gain or loss may be realized, otherwise payable to any individual shareholder who fails to furnish a Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number and (2) those dividends and distributions otherwise payable to any individual shareholder who:

￿Underreports dividend or interest income or

￿Fails to certify that he or she is not subject to backup withholding.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax, and any amounts so withheld may be credited against a shareholder's federal income tax liability or refunded. To avoid this withholding, you must certify on your application, or on a separate IRS Form W-9 supplied by the Funds' transfer agent, that your taxpayer identification number is correct and you currently are not subject to backup withholding.

Reporting

Each Fund will report information to you annually concerning the tax status of your dividends and other distributions for federal income tax purposes. In addition, each Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for Covered Shares and indicate whether they had a short-term (one year or less) or long-term (more than one year) holding period. You should consult with your tax adviser to obtain more information about how the basis reporting law applies to you.

SHAREHOLDER MAILINGS

Householding

Through our ongoing efforts to help reduce Fund expenses, each household will receive a single copy of a Fund's most recent shareholder reports and prospectus. You will receive a single copy if you and/or a family member own more than one account in a Fund. This eliminates duplicate copies and saves paper and postage costs for a Fund. However, if you would like to receive individual copies, please contact us; and we will begin your individual delivery within 30 days of your request.

Electronic Delivery

Log on to usaa.com and sign up to receive your statements, confirmations, financial reports, tax documents, and prospectuses electronically instead of through the mail.

52 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including, among others, the Funds' adviser, transfer agent, and distributor, who provide services to the Fund. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or "third-party") beneficiaries of, any of those contractual arrangements, and those contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any individual shareholder or group of shareholders any right to enforce them against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them against the service providers, either directly or on behalf of the Trust or a Fund.

This prospectus provides information concerning the Trust and the Funds that you should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of a Fund. Neither this prospectus nor the related SAI is intended to be, or should be read to give rise to, an agreement or contract between the Trust or a Fund and any investor, or to give rise to any rights in any shareholder or other person other than any rights under federal or state law that may not be waived.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

The following financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand each Fund's and relevant share class' financial performance over the past five years or since inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all income dividends and capital gain distributions).

The information has been derived from financial statements audited by Ernst

&Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Funds' financial statements, is included in each Fund's annual report to shareholders, which is available upon request.

Prospectus | 53

 

 

USAA EXTENDED MARKET INDEX FUND

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019

 

2018

 

2017

 

2016

 

2015

 

Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period

$

16.14

$

18.98

$

17.34

$

16.06

$

18.02

 

Investment Activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income (Loss)

 

0.20(a)

 

0.17

 

0.18

 

0.18

 

0.14

 

Net Realized and Unrealized

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gains (Losses) on Investments

 

4.31

 

(1.96)

 

2.88

 

2.33

 

(0.81)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total from Investment Activities

 

4.51

 

(1.79)

 

3.06

 

2.51

 

(0.67)

Distributions to Shareholders:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income

 

(0.26)

 

(0.17)

 

(0.18)

 

(0.18)

 

(0.15)

Net Realized Gains from

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investments

 

(0.38)

 

(0.88)

 

(1.24)

 

(1.05)

 

(1.14)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Distributions to Shareholders

 

(0.64)

 

(1.05)

 

(1.42)

 

(1.23)

 

(1.29)

Net Asset Value, End of Period

$

20.01

$

16.14

$

18.98

$

17.34

$

16.06

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Return*

 

27.94%

 

(9.70)%

 

17.72%

 

15.48%

 

(3.76)%

Ratios/Supplemental Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Assets, End of Period (000)

$788,664

$

656,406

$

765,211

$

671,703

$

619,624

Ratio of Expenses to Average Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets^

 

0.41%

 

0.43%(b)

 

0.44%

 

0.48%

 

0.48%(e)

Ratio of Expenses, Excluding

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reimbursements to Average

 

0.41%

 

0.43%(b)

 

0.44%

 

0.48%

 

0.48%

 

Net Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ratio of Net Investment Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss) to Average Net Assets

 

1.06%

 

0.90%(b)

 

0.93%

 

1.14%

 

0.86%

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

24%

 

12%(c)

 

11%(d)

 

13%(d)

 

14%(d)

*Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return.

^The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limits in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is pplied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund's fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.

(a)Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculated using the average daily shares method.

(b)Prior to February 24, 2018, the Fund was a feeder fund in a master-feeder structure investing in Master Extended Market Index Series (the "Series") before converting to a stand-alone fund. Expenses include expenses allocated to the Fund by the Series prior to the conversion.

(c)Reflects the period of February 24, 2018 to December 31, 2018, after the Fund converted to a stand-alone fund.

(d)Represents the portfolio turnover of the Master Extended Market Index Series.

(e)Prior to May 1, 2015, USAA Asset Management Company (previous Investment Adviser) voluntarily agreed to limit the annual expenses of the Fund to 0.50% of the Fund's average daily net assets.

54 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

USAA 500 INDEX FUND MEMBER SHARES

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019

 

2018

 

2017

 

2016

 

2015

 

Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period

$

35.22

$

38.00

$

31.81

$

29.18

$

29.41

 

Investment Activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income (Loss)

 

0.71(b)

 

0.68

 

0.59

 

0.58

 

0.56

 

Net Realized and Unrealized

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gains (Losses) on Investments

 

10.19

 

(2.40)

 

6.21

 

2.80

 

(0.24)

Total from Investment Activities

 

10.90

 

(1.72)

 

6.80

 

3.38

 

0.32

 

Distributions to Shareholders:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income

 

(0.72)

 

(0.66)

 

(0.59)

 

(0.61)

 

(0.52)

Net Realized Gains from

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investments

 

(1.47)

 

(0.40)

 

(0.02)

 

(0.14)

 

(0.03)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Distributions to Shareholders

 

(2.19)

 

(1.06)

 

(0.61)

 

(0.75)

 

(0.55)

Net Asset Value, End of Period

$

43.93

$

35.22

$

38.00

$

31.81

$

29.18

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Return*

 

31.19%

 

(4.65)%

 

21.53%

 

11.70%

 

1.13%

 

Ratios/Supplemental Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Assets, End of Period (000)

$3,603,465

$

2,957,995

$

3,285,829

$

2,962,450

$

2,777,361

Ratio of Expenses to Average Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets^

 

0.25%

 

0.25%

 

0.25%

 

0.25%

 

0.25%

 

Ratio of Expenses, Excluding

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reimbursements to Average

 

0.26%

 

0.26%

 

0.27%

 

0.28%

 

0.28%

 

net Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ratio of Net Investment Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss) to Average Net Assets

 

1.73%

 

1.75%

 

1.71%

 

1.95%

 

1.88%

 

Portfolio Turnover(a)

 

13%

 

4%

 

3%

 

4%

 

4%

 

*Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period; does not reflect $10 annual account maintenance fee. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return.

^The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limits in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is applied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund's fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.

(a)Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole without distinguishing between the classes of shares issued.

(b)Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculated using the average daily shares method.

Prospectus | 55

 

 

USAA 500 INDEX FUND REWARD SHARES

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019

 

2018

 

2017

 

2016

 

2015

 

Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period

$

35.24

$

38.01

$

31.82

$

29.19

$

29.42

 

Investment Activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income (Loss)

 

0.75(b)

 

0.71

 

0.61

 

0.60

 

0.59

 

Net Realized and Unrealized

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gains (Losses) on Investments

 

10.19

 

(2.38)

 

6.22

 

2.81

 

(0.24)

Total from Investment Activities

 

10.94

 

(1.67)

 

6.83

 

3.41

 

0.35

 

Distributions to Shareholders:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income

 

(0.76)

 

(0.70)

 

(0.62)

 

(0.64)

 

(0.55)

Net Realized Gains from

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investments

 

(1.47)

 

(0.40)

 

(0.02)

 

(0.14)

 

(0.03)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Distributions to Shareholders

 

(2.23)

 

(1.10)

 

(0.64)

 

(0.78)

 

(0.58)

Net Asset Value, End of Period

$

43.95

$

35.24

$

38.01

$

31.82

$

29.19

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Return*

 

31.29%

 

(4.53)%

 

21.64%

 

11.79%

 

1.23%

 

Ratios/Supplemental Data:

$4,546,094

$

3,606,745

$

3,636,257

$

3,010,831

$

2,613,832

Net Assets, End of Period (000)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ratio of Expenses to Average Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets^

 

0.15%

 

0.15%

 

0.15%

 

0.15%

 

0.15%

 

Ratio of Expenses, Excluding

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reimbursements to Average

 

0.18%

 

0.18%

 

0.18%

 

0.18%

 

0.18%

 

Net Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ratio of Net Investment Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss) to Average Net Assets

 

1.83%

 

1.85%

 

1.81%

 

2.04%

 

1.99%

 

Portfolio Turnover(a)

 

13%

 

4%

 

3%

 

4%

 

4%

 

*Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return.

^The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limits in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is applied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund's fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.

(a)Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole without distinguishing between the classes of shares issued.

(b)Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculated using the average daily shares method.

56 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

USAA NASDAQ-100 INDEX FUND SHARES

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019

 

2018

 

2017

 

2016

 

2015

 

Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period

$

17.69

$

17.89

$

13.79

$

12.99

$

12.23

 

Investment Activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income (Loss)

 

0.13(b)

 

0.11

 

0.07

 

0.09

 

0.08(b)

Net Realized and Unrealized

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gains (Losses) on Investments

 

6.74

 

(0.18)

 

4.38

 

0.78

 

1.04

 

Total from Investment Activities

 

6.87

 

(0.07)

 

4.45

 

0.87

 

1.12

 

Distributions to Shareholders:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income

 

(0.13)

 

(0.12)

 

(0.08)

 

(0.07)

 

(0.08)

Net Realized Gains from

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investments

 

(0.08)

 

(0.01)

 

(0.27)

 

 

(0.28)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Distributions to Shareholders

 

(0.21)

 

(0.13)

 

(0.35)

 

(0.07)

 

(0.36)

Net Asset Value, End of Period

$

24.35

$

17.69

$

17.89

$

13.79

$

12.99

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Return*

 

38.86%

 

(0.44)%

 

32.29%

 

6.68%

 

9.09%

 

Ratios/Supplemental Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Assets, End of Period (000)

$2,442,662

$

1,750,674

$

1,623,579

$

1,078,319

$

935,004

Ratio of Expenses to Average Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets^

 

0.48%

 

0.48%

 

0.51%

 

0.53%

 

0.57%

 

Ratio of Expenses, Excluding

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reimbursements to Average

 

0.48%

 

0.48%

 

0.51%

 

0.53%

 

0.57%

 

Net Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ratio of Net Investment Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss) to Average Net Assets

 

0.63%

 

0.64%

 

0.60%

 

0.77%

 

0.62%

 

Portfolio Turnover(a)

 

9%

 

5%

 

5%

 

4%

 

10%

 

*Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return. Total returns for periods of less than one year are not annualized.

^The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limit in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is applied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund's fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.

(a)Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole without distinguishing between the classes of shares issued.

(b)Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculated using the average daily shares method.

Prospectus | 57

 

 

USAA NASDAQ-100 INDEX FUND R6 SHARES

 

 

 

Year Ended

Period Ended

 

 

 

December 31,

December 31,

 

 

 

2019

 

2018

2017(e)

Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period

$

17.68

$

17.89

$

15.31

 

Investment Activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income (Loss)

 

0.15(d)

 

0.12

 

0.08

 

Net Realized and Unrealized

 

 

 

 

 

2.87

 

Gains (Losses) on Investments

 

6.74

 

(0.18)

 

 

Total from Investment Activities

 

6.89

 

(0.06)

 

2.95

 

Distributions to Shareholders:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income

 

(0.14)

 

(0.14)

 

(0.10)

Net Realized Gains from

 

 

 

 

 

(0.27)

Investments

 

(0.08)

 

(0.01)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Distributions to Shareholders

 

(0.22)

 

(0.15)

 

(0.37)

Net Asset Value, End of Period

$

24.35

$

17.68

$

17.89

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Return*(a)

 

38.99%

 

(0.38%)

 

19.27%

 

Ratios/Supplemental Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Assets, End of Period (000)

$

18,877

$

12,667

$

5,860

Ratio of Expenses to Average Net

 

0.39%

 

0.40%

 

0.40%

 

Assets^(b)

 

 

 

 

Ratio of Expenses, Excluding

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reimbursements to Average

 

0.42%

 

0.45%

 

1.01%

 

Net Assets(b)

 

 

 

 

Ratio of Net Investment Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss) to Average Net Assets(b)

 

0.71%

 

0.72%

 

0.66%

 

Portfolio Turnover(a)(c)

 

9%

 

5%

 

5%

 

*Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return.

^The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limit in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is applied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund's fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.

(a)Not annualized for periods less than one year.

(b)Annualized for periods less than one year.

(c)Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole without distinguishing between the classes of shares issued.

(d)Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculated using the average daily shares method.

(e)R6 Shares commenced operations on March 1, 2017.

58 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE WILSHIRE 4500 COMPLETION INDEX

Wilshire®, the Wilshire IndexesSM and Wilshire 4500 Completion IndexSM are service marks of Wilshire Associates Incorporated ("Wilshire") and have been licensed by the Adviser for use by USAA Extended Market Index Fund ("Fund"). All content of the Wilshire IndexesSM and Wilshire 4500 Completion IndexSM is ©2019 Wilshire Associates Incorporated, all rights reserved. Wilshire has no relationship with the Fund, other than the licensing of the Wilshire 4500 Completion IndexSM and its service marks for use in connection with the Fund.

Wilshire does not:

￿sponsor, endorse, sell or promote the Fund.

￿recommend that any person invest in the Fund or any other securities.

￿have any responsibility or liability for or make any decisions about the timing, amount or pricing of the Fund.

￿have any responsibility or liability for the administration, management or marketing of the Fund.

￿consider the needs of the Fund or the owners of the Fund in

determining, composing or calculating the Wilshire 4500 Completion IndexSM or have any obligation to do so.

Wilshire shall have no liability in connection with the Fund. Specifically,

￿Wilshire makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, regarding:

￿The results to be obtained by the Fund, the owner of the Fund or any

other person in connection with the use of the Wilshire 4500 Completion IndexSM and the data included in the Wilshire 4500 Completion IndexSM;

￿The accuracy or completeness of the Wilshire 4500 Completion IndexSM and any related data;

￿The merchantability or the fitness for a particular purpose or use of the Wilshire 4500 Completion IndexSM and/or its related data;

￿Wilshire shall not have any liability for any errors, omissions or interruptions in the Wilshire 4500 Completion IndexSM or related data;

￿Under no circumstances will Wilshire be liable for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special or consequential damages or losses, even if Wilshire knows that they might occur.

Prospectus | 59

 

 

The licensing agreement between Wilshire and the Adviser is solely for their benefit and not for the benefit of the owners of the Fund or any other third parties.

60 | USAA Index Funds

 

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE NASDAQ-100 INDEX

The Nasdaq-100 Index Fund is not sponsored, endorsed, sold, or promoted by The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. (including its affiliates) (Nasdaq, with its affiliates, are referred to as the "Corporations"). The Corporations have not passed on the legality or suitability of, or the accuracy or adequacy of descriptions and disclosures relating to, the Fund. The Corporations make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the Fund or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Fund particularly, or the ability of the Nasdaq-100 Index® to track general stock market performance. The Corporations' only relationship to USAA Mutual Funds Trust ("Licensee") is in the licensing of the Nasdaq-100®, Nasdaq-100 Index®, and Nasdaq® trademarks or service marks, certain trade names of the Corporations and the use of the Nasdaq-100 Index® which is determined, composed and calculated by Nasdaq without regard to the Licensee or the Fund. Nasdaq has no obligation to take the needs of the Licensee or the owners of the Fund into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the Nasdaq-100 Index®. The Corporations are not responsible for and have not participated in the determination of the timing of, prices at, or quantities of the Fund to be issued or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the Fund is to be converted into cash. The Corporations have no liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Fund.

The Corporations do not guarantee the accuracy and/or uninterrupted calculation of the Nasdaq-100 Index® or any data included therein. The Corporations make no warranty, express or implied, as to results to be obtained by the Licensee, owners of the Fund, or any other person or entity from the use of the Nasdaq-100 Index® or any data included therein. The Corporations make no express or implied warranties, and expressly disclaim all warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or use with respect to the Nasdaq-100 Index® or any data included therein. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Corporations have any liability for any lost profits or special, incidental, punitive, indirect, or consequential damages, even if notified of the possibility of such damages.

Prospectus | 61

 

 

NOTES

 

 

NOTES

 

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Statement of Additional Information ("SAI"): A complete description of the Funds' policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds' portfolio securities is available in the Funds' SAI. The SAI has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and is incorporated by reference into this prospectus, which means it is legally part of the prospectus.

Annual and Semi Annual Reports: Annual and semi annual reports contain more information about the Funds' investments. In the Funds' annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds' performance during the last fiscal year.

How to Obtain Information: You may obtain a free copy of the SAI, annual or semi annual reports, or to ask other questions about the Funds or your accounts by contacting the USAA Mutual Funds at the address or telephone number below, or by contacting your financial intermediary.

By mail:

By telephone:

USAA Mutual Funds

Call USAA Mutual Funds at

P.O. Box 182593

(800) 235-8396

Columbus, OH 43218-2593

 

You also can obtain information about each Fund (including the SAI and other reports) from the SEC on the SEC's EDGAR database at http://www.sec.gov or, after payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail

address: publicinfo@sec.gov

Investment Company Act File No. 811-7852

28082-0520

May 1, 2020
Prospectus
USAA Global Managed Volatility Fund
Fund
Shares
Institutional
Shares
     
UGMVX UGOFX      
Beginning January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Fund's shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from the Fund or from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on VictoryFunds.com, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report. If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change, and you need not take any action.
You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Fund or your financial intermediary electronically by notifying your financial intermediary directly, or if you are a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund, by calling (800) 235-8396 or logging on to usaa.com. Effective on or about July 6, 2020, a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund will need to submit their request via email to TA.Processing@FISGlobal.com.
You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge. You can inform the Fund or your financial intermediary that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports by notifying your financial intermediary directly, or if you are a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund, by calling (800) 235-8396 or logging on to usaa.com. Effective on or about July 6, 2020, a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund will need to submit their request via email to TA.Processing@FISGlobal.com.
Your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held with the USAA family of funds or your financial intermediary.
Victory Capital means Victory Capital Management Inc., the investment manager of the USAA Mutual Funds. USAA Mutual Funds are distributed by Victory Capital Advisers, Inc., a broker dealer registered with FINRA and an affiliate of Victory Capital. Victory Capital and its affiliates are not affiliated with United Services Automobile Association or its affiliates. USAA and the USAA logos are registered trademarks and the USAA Mutual Funds and USAA Investments logos are trademarks of United Services Automobile Association and are being used by Victory Capital and its affiliates under license.
The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or determined whether this Prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
vcm.com
800-235-8396

 


 


Investment Objective
The USAA Global Managed Volatility Fund (the “Fund”) seeks to attain long-term capital appreciation while attempting to reduce volatility during unfavorable market conditions.
Fees and Expenses
The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay, directly and indirectly, to invest in the Fund. The annual fund operating expenses for the Fund Shares and Institutional Shares are based on expenses incurred during the Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year.
Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
  Fund Shares Inst. Shares
  None None
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
  Fund Shares Inst. Shares
Management Fee 0.60% 0.60%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees None None
Other Expenses 0.49% 0.15%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses 0.16% 0.16%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 1.25%a 0.91%a
Fee Waiver/Reimbursement from Adviser (0.19%) (0.05%)
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Reimbursement 1.06%b 0.86%b
a The total annual operating expenses for the Fund may not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average daily net assets shown in the financial highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
b Victory Capital Management Inc. (the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, capitalized expenses, and other extraordinary expenses) do not exceed 0.90% of the Fund’s Shares and 0.70% of the Institutional Shares, through at least June 30, 2021. The Adviser is permitted to recoup advisory fees waived and expenses reimbursed for up to three years after the fiscal year in which the waiver or reimbursement took place, subject to the lesser of any

Prospectus  |  1

 


  operating expense limits in effect at the time of: (a) the original waiver or expense reimbursement; or (b) the recoupment, after giving effect to the recoupment amount. This agreement may only be terminated by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same, and the expense limitation agreement for each class of shares is not continued beyond its expiration date.
  1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
Fund Shares $108 $374 $665 $1,492
Inst. Shares $88 $284 $498 $1,114
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, including commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when shares of the Fund are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance.
For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 53% of the average value of its whole portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategy
The Fund’s principal strategy is to combine a portfolio of domestic and foreign equity securities, including emerging markets securities, with the use of alternative investment strategies to provide growth with lower volatility. The Fund primarily invests in stocks and exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) that invest primarily in stocks and may at times be fully invested in ETFs. The Fund may purchase shares of affiliated ETFs.
The Fund focuses on stocks and ETFs that emphasize certain investment factors such as momentum, value, and quality, or that could lower volatility in the Fund’s returns. The Fund uses quantitative analysis to allocate exposure to individual factors in an attempt to limit the amount of risk any individual factor contributes to the Fund and to reduce the Fund’s volatility. The Fund will adjust its investments among asset classes and factor exposures to take advantage of opportunities and to manage risk. The Fund may engage in active and frequent trading of portfolio holdings.

2  |  USAA Global Managed Volatility Fund

 


In an attempt to reduce the Fund’s volatility over time, the Fund may implement an option-based risk-management strategy. This strategy involves purchasing and selling options on component indices or corresponding ETFs. This option strategy may not fully protect the Fund against declines in the value of its portfolio, and the Fund could experience a loss. The Fund also invests in other derivatives, including equity futures. Futures typically are used as a liquid and economical means of managing tactical allocations to asset classes or factors.
Diversification in the Fund’s portfolio, combined with the use of call and put options, is designed to provide the Fund with fairly consistent returns over a wide range of market environments.
Principal Risks
The Fund’s investments are subject to the following principal risks:
Stock Market Risk – Overall stock market risks may affect the value of the Fund. Domestic and international factors such as political events, war, trade disputes, interest rate levels and other fiscal and monetary policy changes, pandemics and other public health crises, and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. The impact of these and other factors may be short-term or may last for extended periods.
Equity Risk – The value of the equity securities in which the Fund invests may decline in response to developments affecting individual companies and/or general economic conditions. A company’s earnings or dividends may not increase as expected due to poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters, military confrontations, war, terrorism, public health crises, or other events, conditions, and factors. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended periods.
Foreign Securities Risk – Foreign markets can be more volatile than the U.S. market due to increased risks of adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments and can perform differently from the U.S. market.
Emerging Markets Risk – Foreign securities risk can be particularly heightened because investments in emerging market countries generally are more volatile than investments in developed markets. Emerging market countries are less economically diverse and mature than more developed countries and tend to be politically less stable.
ETF Risk – ETFs, which generally are registered investment companies, incur their own management and other fees and expenses, such as trustees’ fees, operating expenses, registration fees, and marketing expenses, a proportionate share of which will be borne indirectly by the Fund as a shareholder in an

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ETF. As a result, the Fund’s investment in an ETF will cause the Fund to indirectly bear the fees and expenses of the ETF and, in turn, the Fund’s performance may be lower than if the Fund were to invest directly in the underlying securities held by the ETF. For investments in affiliated ETFs, the Fund’s management fee is reimbursed by the Adviser to the extent of the indirect management fee incurred through the Fund’s investment in the affiliated ETFs. The Adviser may have conflicts of interest in allocating assets among affiliated and unaffiliated ETFs, because the Adviser also manages and administers the affiliated ETFs, and the Adviser and its affiliates receive other fees from the affiliated ETFs. In addition, the Fund also will be subject to the risks associated with the securities or other investments held by the ETFs.
Factor-Based Investment Risk – Quantitative tools used by portfolio management analyzes stocks and other potential investments based on various investment characteristics or “factors,” which may be out of favor or may not produce the best results over periods of time. In addition, the effectiveness of the quantitative analysis of securities will significantly impact the success of the Fund’s investment strategy. A portfolio using quantitative analysis may underperform the market as a whole versus a portfolio using a different approach, such as fundamental analysis. The factors used in quantitative analysis and the emphasis placed on those factors may not be predictive of a security’s value. Further, factors that affect a security’s value can change over time and may not be reflected in the Fund’s portfolio. Therefore, the Fund may have a lower return than if it were managed using a strategy that did not include quantitative analysis.
Derivatives Risk – The Fund may invest in futures, options, and other types of derivatives. Risks associated with derivatives include the risk that the derivative is not well-correlated with the security, index, ETFs, or currency to which it relates; the risk that the use of derivatives may not have the intended effects and may result in losses, underperformance, or missed opportunities; the risk that the Fund will be unable to sell the derivative because of an illiquid secondary market; the risk that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its obligation; the risk of interest rate movements; and the risk that the derivatives transaction could expose the Fund to the effects of leverage, which could increase the Fund’s market exposure, magnify investment risks and losses, and cause losses to be realized more quickly. There is no guarantee that derivative techniques will be employed or that they will work as intended, and their use could lower returns or even result in losses to the Fund.
Options Risk – The Fund could experience a loss in the options portion of the portfolio, particularly during periods when market values are increasing but market volatility is high. When it sells index or corresponding ETF call options, the Fund receives cash but limits its opportunity to profit from an increase in the market value of its stock portfolio. When the Fund purchases index or corresponding ETF put options, it risks the loss of the cash paid for the options. At times, the Fund may not own put options, which increases

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exposure to a market decline. When the Fund simultaneously buys index put options and sells index put options to fund the purchases, resulting in an index put spread, the Fund has increased exposure to further market decline if the market price of the index falls below the strike price of the short index put option.
Leveraging Risk – The Fund is subject to the risk associated with securities or practices that multiply small price movements into large changes in value. The more the Fund invests in leveraged instruments or strategies that use leveraged instruments, the more this leverage will magnify any losses on those investments.
Liquidity Risk - The risk of investing in securities that generally are less liquid than higher-quality securities is referred to as liquidity risk. The market for lower-quality issues generally is less liquid than the market for higher-quality issues. Therefore, large purchases or sales could cause sudden and significant price changes in these securities. Many lower-quality issues do not trade frequently; however, when they do trade, the trade price may be substantially higher or lower than expected.
Active Trading Risk – The Adviser will actively trade the Fund’s portfolio, which leads to higher turnover and brokerage commission expenses. Each would negatively affect the Fund’s returns and can increase tax liability. In addition, writing (selling) and purchasing options could result in additional turnover and transaction costs.
Any investment involves risk, and there is no assurance that the Fund’s objective will be achieved. By itself, the Fund does not constitute a complete investment plan. As you consider an investment in the Fund, you also should take into account your tolerance for the daily fluctuations of the financial markets and whether you can afford to leave your money in the Fund for long periods of time to ride out down periods. As with other mutual funds, losing money is a risk of investing in the Fund.
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
Performance
The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The Fund has two classes of shares: Fund Shares and Institutional Shares. The bar chart provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund and illustrates the Institutional Shares' volatility by showing how performance has varied from year to year for each full calendar year over the past 10 years. The table shows how the Institutional Shares' average annual total returns for the periods indicated compared to those of the Fund's benchmark index and an additional broad-based securities

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market index with investment characteristics similar to the Fund. Performance reflects any expense limitations in effect during the periods shown.
Performance data for the classes varies based on differences in their fee and expense structures. Remember, historical performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate what will happen in the future. The Fund’s most current performance information is available on the Fund’s website at usaa.com (effective on or about July 6, 2020, performance information may be found at vcm.com) or by calling (800) 235-8396.

RISK/RETURN BAR CHART
Annual Returns for Periods Ended December 31

The year-to-date return of the Institutional Shares as of March 31, 2020, was -21.42%.
During the periods shown in the chart: Returns Quarter ended
Highest Quarter Return 10.64% March 31, 2019
Lowest Quarter Return -11.40% September 30, 2011
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. In certain situations, the return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares may be higher than the other return amounts. A higher after-tax return may result when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and translates into an assumed tax deduction that benefits the shareholder. The actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. If you hold your shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns

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shown in the table are not relevant to you. Please note that after-tax returns are only shown for the Institutional Shares and may differ for each share class.

AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
For Periods Ended December 31, 2019

  1 Year 5 Years
10 Years
(or Life
of Class)
Institutional Shares      
Return Before Taxes 21.97% 6.83% 5.29%
Return After Taxes on Distributions 20.48% 5.88% 4.17%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares 13.52% 4.99% 3.90%
Fund Shares      
Return Before Taxes 21.69% 6.68% 5.84%**
Indexes      
MSCI All-Country World Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) 26.60% 8.41% 8.79%
Global Managed Volatility Composite Index* (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) 18.98% 6.28% 6.44%
* The Global Managed Volatility Composite Index is a combination of unmanaged indexes representing the Fund’s model allocation, and consists of the MSCI All-Country World Index (70%) and the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Treasury – Bills (1-3M) (30%).
** The inception date of the Fund Shares is July 12, 2013.
Investment Adviser
Victory Capital Management Inc. (the “Adviser”) serves as the Fund’s investment adviser.
The portfolio managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of all or a portion of the Fund are members of the Adviser’s Victory Solutions platform.

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Portfolio Managers
  Title Tenure with the Fund
Mannik S. Dhillon, CFA, CAIA President, VictoryShares and Solutions Since July 2019
Wasif A. Latif Head of Investments, VictoryShares and Solutions Since 2008
Lance Humphrey, CFA Portfolio Manager, VictoryShares and Solutions Since 2016
Purchase and Sale of Shares
Fund Shares:
You may purchase or sell Fund Shares any business day through the vcm.com website or by telephone at (800) 235-8396. You also may purchase or sell Fund Shares through certain other financial intermediaries. If you have opened an account directly with the Fund, you also may purchase and sell Fund Shares by mail at P.O. Box 182593, Columbus, Ohio 43218-2593.
Minimum initial purchase: $3,000
Minimum subsequent investment: $50
Institutional Shares:
The Institutional Shares are not offered for sale directly to the general public. The minimum initial purchase is $1 million; however, the Fund reserves the right to waive or lower purchase minimums in certain circumstances.
Tax Information
The Fund intends to make distributions that generally will be taxed to you as ordinary income or long-term capital gains, unless you are a tax-exempt investor or you invest through an IRA, 401(k) plan, or other tax-deferred account (in which case you may be taxed later, upon withdrawal of your investment from such account).

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Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of such shares and certain servicing and administrative functions. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

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Victory Capital Management Inc. (“Victory Capital” or “Adviser”) manages this Fund. For easier reading, Victory Capital may be referred to as “we” or “us” throughout the prospectus.
Investment Objective
■    What is the Fund’s investment objective?
The Fund seeks to attain long-term capital appreciation while attempting to reduce volatility during unfavorable market conditions. The Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change the investment objective without shareholder approval.
More Information on the Fund’s Investment Strategy
■    What is the Fund’s investment strategy?
The Fund’s principal strategy is to combine a portfolio of domestic and foreign equity securities, including emerging markets securities, with the use of alternative investment strategies to provide growth with lower volatility. The Fund primarily invests in stocks and ETFs that invest primarily in stocks and may at times be fully invested in ETFs. The Fund may purchase shares of affiliated ETFs.
The Fund focuses on stocks and ETFs that emphasize certain investment factors such as momentum, value, and quality, or that could lower volatility in the Fund’s returns. The Fund uses quantitative analysis to allocate exposure to individual factors in an attempt to limit the amount of risk any individual factor contributes to the Fund and to reduce the Fund’s volatility. The Fund will adjust its investments among asset classes and factor exposures to take advantage of opportunities and to manage risk. The Fund may engage in active and frequent trading of portfolio holdings.
In an attempt to reduce the Fund’s volatility over time, the Fund may implement an option-based risk-management strategy. This strategy involves purchasing and selling options on component indices or corresponding ETFs. This option strategy may not fully protect the Fund against declines in the value of its portfolio, and the Fund could experience a loss. The Fund also invests in other derivatives, including equity futures. Futures are typically used as a liquid and economical means of managing tactical allocations to asset classes or factors.
Diversification in the Fund’s portfolio, combined with the use of call and put options, is designed to provide the Fund with fairly consistent returns over a wide range of market environments.

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The Fund also may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, which generally are securities that the Fund cannot expect to sell or dispose of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value ascribed to such securities.
In addition to the principal investment strategy discussed above, the Fund may seek to earn additional income through securities lending.
■    What types of securities may be included in the Fund’s portfolio?
The Fund may invest in domestic and international (including emerging markets) equity securities of companies within all market capitalizations (including small, mid, and large cap), which may include common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities, and depositary receipts for such securities. These securities may be listed on securities exchanges, traded in various over-the-counter markets, or have no organized markets. The Fund’s portfolio may be allocated up to 100% in either domestic or foreign and emerging markets securities, and this allocation may consist in part or in whole of ETFs.
The Fund’s investments in ETFs may include domestic, international, and emerging markets ETFs. ETFs are, with a few exceptions, open-end investment companies that trade on exchanges throughout the day. ETFs typically track a market index or specific sectors or segments of the stock or bond markets. ETFs also may focus on specific equity styles, such as large-cap growth or small-cap value, or factors, such as momentum or value. Because they trade like stocks, ETFs offer trading flexibility desired by both individuals and institutions.
The Fund may rely on certain Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) exemptive orders or rules that permit funds meeting various conditions to invest in an ETF in amounts exceeding limits set forth in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, that would otherwise be applicable.
The Fund’s investments are intended to provide investors with a diversified investment in a single mutual fund. Equity securities, including U.S. stocks, provide the potential for long-term capital appreciation. Foreign and emerging-markets stocks provide the potential for appreciation during periods of adverse economic and market conditions in the United States. Foreign and emerging markets stocks also may provide attractive returns not otherwise available in the U.S. markets.
The Fund is permitted, but not required, to use various types of derivatives (contracts whose value is based on, for example, indexes, currencies, or securities), including futures contracts, options contracts, and swaps, to manage its exposure to changes in securities prices and foreign currencies, in an effort to enhance income, and to protect the value of portfolio securities. The Fund also may use derivatives in circumstances where the portfolio managers believe they offer an economical means of gaining exposure to a

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particular asset class or to keep cash on hand to meet shareholder redemptions or other needs while maintaining exposure to the market. The Fund also may use derivatives to increase or decrease exposure to changing security prices, interest rates, commodity prices, or other factors that affect security values.
The Fund also may invest in a broad range of fixed-income securities (both investment-grade and non-investment-grade), including bonds, convertible securities, leveraged loans, and preferred stocks. These securities may include, but are not limited to, obligations of U.S., state, and local governments, their agencies and instrumentalities; mortgage- and asset-backed securities; corporate debt securities; repurchase agreements; and other securities believed to have debt-like characteristics. Fixed-income securities, including bonds and money market instruments, provide the potential for current income, safety of principal in periods of deflation, and a means for temporary investment of cash balances arising in the normal course of business.
■    How are the decisions to buy and sell securities made?
We use quantitative analysis to identify companies, either through ETFs or directly, that generally meet one of the following criteria: trade at attractive valuations, exhibit positive momentum, and/or have strong and stable profitability.
We seek to maintain an allocation to a variety of equity asset classes and factors (such as momentum, value, quality, and volatility). Decisions to buy and sell securities are based on changes to risk or factor exposures, as determined by the portfolio managers using quantitative analysis, in order to maintain a low volatility profile for the Fund.
■    What is the option-based risk-management strategy?
In an attempt to reduce the Fund’s volatility over time, the Fund may implement an option-based risk-management strategy. This strategy involves purchasing and selling options on indexes or corresponding ETFs. This strategy may not fully protect the Fund against declines in the value of its portfolio, and the Fund could experience a loss. We expect to implement this strategy at times when we believe stocks are significantly overpriced or are at materially elevated risk of a major sell-off based on the portfolio manager’s assessment of economic and market conditions.
As the seller of a call option, the Fund receives cash (the premium) from the purchaser. The purchaser of a call option has the right to any appreciation in the value of the underlying instrument over a fixed price (the exercise price) on a certain date in the future (the expiration date). If the purchaser does not exercise the option, the Fund retains the premium. If the purchaser exercises the option, the Fund pays the purchaser the difference between the price of the underlying instrument and the exercise price of the option. The premium, the exercise price, and the market value of the underlying instrument determines the gain or loss realized by the Fund as the seller of the call option. The Fund also can repurchase the call option prior to the expiration

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date, ending its obligation. In this case, the cost of repurchasing the option will determine the gain or loss realized by the Fund.
As the buyer of a put option, the Fund attempts to reduce losses on its stock portfolio from a significant market decline over a short period of time. The value of a put option generally increases as the market value of the underlying instrument decreases.
■    Are there any risks to buying and selling index and ETF options?
Written options have varying degrees of risk. An uncovered written call option theoretically carries unlimited risk, as the market price of the underlying asset could rise far above the exercise price before its expiration. This risk is tempered when the call option is covered, that is, when the option writer owns the underlying asset. In this case, the writer runs the risk of the lost opportunity to participate in the appreciation in value of the asset rather than the risk of an out-of-pocket loss. A written put option has defined risk, that is, the difference between the agreed-upon price that the Fund must pay to the buyer upon exercise of the put and the value, which could be zero, of the asset at the time of exercise.
Selling index or ETF call options can reduce the risk of owning a stock portfolio, because declines in the value of the stock portfolio would be offset to the extent of the up-front cash (premium) received at the time of selling the call option. However, if the value of the index or ETF on which the option is based appreciates to a price higher than the option’s exercise price, it can be expected that the purchaser will exercise the option and the Fund will be obligated to pay the purchaser the difference between the exercise price and the appreciated value of the underlying instrument. Therefore, selling index or ETF call options also can limit the Fund’s opportunity to profit from an increase in the market value of the stock portfolio.
Purchasing index or ETF put options can reduce the risk of declines in the value of a stock portfolio, because a put option gives its purchaser, in return for a premium, the right to receive the difference between the exercise price of the option and any decline in the value of the index or ETF below the exercise price. However, the Fund risks losing all or part of the cash paid for purchasing put options if the value of the index or ETF does not decline below its exercise price. At times, the Fund may not own any put options, resulting in increased exposure to a market decline. Unusual market conditions or the lack of a ready market for any particular option at a specific time may reduce the effectiveness of the Fund’s option strategies.

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TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE STRATEGY
The Fund may, from time to time, take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with the Fund's principal investment strategies in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions. The effect of taking such a temporary defensive position is that the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.
Risks
The following provides additional information about some of the Fund’s principal risks and supplements those risks discussed in the Fund's Summary section of this Prospectus. The Fund's SAI provides more detail about these risks and other risks that the Fund may be subject to that are not considered to be primary risks.
Active Trading Risk: When the Fund engages in active and frequent trading, it will pay more in brokerage commissions than it would if it did not actively and frequently trade. While we will attempt to minimize any adverse impact to the Fund or its shareholders, the Fund may have a higher proportion of net realized capital gains, which would be taxable to shareholders when distributed to them, and a potentially lower return than a fund that does not actively and frequently trade.
Credit Risk: Credit risk is the possibility that an issuer of a fixed-income security will fail to make timely interest and/or principal payments on its securities or that negative market perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline. All fixed-income securities, varying from the highest quality to the very speculative, have some degree of credit risk and may apply to certain other securities in which the Fund may invest. The Fund accepts some credit risk as a recognized means to enhance investors’ return. To the extent the Fund invests in U.S. government securities, credit risk will be limited. Market events may affect the creditworthiness of the issuer of a fixed-income security and may impair an issuer’s ability to timely meet its debt obligations as they come due.
When evaluating potential investments for the Fund, our analysts independently assess credit risk and its potential impact on the Fund’s portfolio. In addition, credit rating agencies may provide estimates of the credit quality of the potential investment. The ratings may not take into account every risk that interest and/or principal will be repaid on a timely basis. Lower credit ratings typically correspond to higher perceived credit risk and higher credit ratings typically correspond to lower perceived credit risk. Securities in the lowest-rated investment-grade category have speculative characteristics. Credit ratings do not provide assurance against default or other loss of money. Nevertheless, even investment-grade securities typically are subject to some credit risk. We also attempt to minimize the Fund’s overall

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credit risk by diversifying the Fund’s investments across many securities with slightly different risk characteristics and across different economic sectors and geographic regions. If a random credit event should occur, such as a default, the Fund generally would suffer a smaller loss than if the Fund were concentrated in relatively large holdings with highly correlated risks. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser’s credit assessment.
Derivatives Risk: The Fund may invest in futures, options, swaps, and other types of derivatives. Risks associated with derivatives include the risk that the derivative is not well-correlated with the security, index, ETFs, or currency to which it relates; the risk that derivatives used for risk management may not have the intended effects and may result in losses, underperformance, or missed opportunities; the risk that the Fund will be unable to sell the derivative because of an illiquid secondary market; the risk that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its obligation; the risk of interest rate movements; and the risk that the derivatives transaction could expose the Fund to the effects of leverage, which could increase the Fund’s market exposure, magnify investment risks and losses, and cause losses to be realized more quickly. In addition, proposed and current regulation may limit the Fund’s ability to invest in derivatives. There is no guarantee that derivative techniques will be employed or that they will work as intended, and their use could lower returns or even result in losses to the Fund.
ETF Risk: ETFs, which generally are registered investment companies, incur their own management fees and other expenses, such as trustees’ fees, operating expenses, registration fees, and marketing expenses, a proportionate share of which would be borne by the Fund. As a result, an investment by the Fund in an ETF could cause the Fund’s operating expenses to be higher and, in turn, its performance to be lower than if it were to invest directly in the securities held by the ETF. For investments in affiliated USAA ETFs, the Fund’s management fee is reimbursed by the Adviser to the extent of the indirect management fee incurred through the Fund’s investment in the affiliated ETFs. The Adviser is subject to potential conflicts of interest in allocating assets among affiliated and unaffiliated ETFs because the Adviser is also responsible for managing and administering the affiliated ETFs and the Adviser and its affiliates receive other fees from the affiliated ETFs. In addition, the Fund will be exposed indirectly to all of the risks of the securities held by the ETFs.
The Fund may invest in “passive” ETFs that invest in the securities and sectors contained in the indexes they seek to track without regard for or analysis of the prospects of such securities or sectors. An ETF may invest in all of the securities in an index or in a representative sample of such securities. Passive ETFs will not attempt to take defensive positions in volatile or declining markets or under other conditions. Furthermore, such ETFs will not be able to duplicate exactly the performance of the underlying indexes they track.

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The price of an ETF is determined by supply and demand. Thus, ETFs do not necessarily trade at their net asset value (“NAV”). The Fund will value any ETF in its portfolio at the ETF’s last sale or closing market price, which typically approximates its NAV, although there may be times when the market price and NAV vary to a greater extent, which could affect the performance of the Fund.
In addition, although ETFs generally are listed on securities exchanges, there can be no assurances that an active trading market for such ETFs will be maintained. Secondary market trading in ETFs also may be halted by a national securities exchange because of market conditions or for other reasons. There can be no assurances that the requirements necessary to maintain the listing of an ETF on a national securities exchange will continue to be met or will remain unchanged.
Foreign Investing Risk: Foreign investing risk is the possibility that the value of the Fund’s investments in foreign securities will decrease because of unique risks, such as currency exchange-rate fluctuations; foreign market illiquidity; emerging market risk; increased price volatility; uncertain political conditions; changes to trade policies and trade disputes; exchange control regulations; foreign ownership limits; different accounting, reporting, and disclosure requirements; less publicly available information about foreign issuers; difficulties in obtaining legal judgments; and foreign withholding taxes. Foreign investing may result in the Fund experiencing more rapid and extreme changes in value than a fund that invests exclusively in securities of U.S. companies. Three risks that require additional consideration are:
Emerging Markets Risk: Investments in countries that are in the early stages of their industrial development involve exposure to economic structures that generally are less economically diverse and mature than those in the United States and to political systems that may be less stable. Investments in emerging markets may be subject to the risk of abrupt and severe price declines and their financial markets often lack liquidity. In addition, emerging market countries may be more likely than developed countries to experience rapid and significant adverse developments in their political or economic structures. Emerging market economies also may be overly reliant on particular industries, and more vulnerable to shifts in international trade, trade barriers, and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Governments in many emerging market countries participate to a significant degree in their economies and securities markets. Some emerging market countries restrict foreign investments, impose high withholding or other taxes on foreign investments, impose restrictive exchange control regulations, or may nationalize or expropriate the assets of private companies. Emerging market countries also may be subject to high inflation and rapid currency devaluations and currency-hedging techniques may be unavailable in certain emerging market countries.

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Political Risk: Political risk includes a greater potential for coups d’état, revolts, and expropriation by governmental organizations.
European Economic Risk: Uncertainties surrounding the sovereign debt of a number of European Union (“EU”) countries and the viability of the EU have disrupted and may in the future disrupt markets in the United States and around the world. If one or more countries leave the EU or the EU dissolves, the world’s securities markets likely will be significantly disrupted. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (“UK”) left the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit,” and there commenced a transition period during which the EU and UK will negotiate the nature of their future relationship. There is significant market uncertainty regarding Brexit’s ramifications, and the range and potential implications of possible political, regulatory, economic, and market outcomes are difficult to predict. This uncertainty may affect other countries in the EU and elsewhere, and may cause volatility within the EU, triggering prolonged economic downturns in certain countries within the EU. In addition, Brexit may create additional and substantial economic stresses for the UK, including a contraction of the UK economy and price volatility in UK stocks, decreased trade, capital outflows, devaluation of the British pound, wider corporate bond spreads due to uncertainty, and declines in business and consumer spending as well as foreign direct investment. Brexit also may adversely affect UK-based financial firms that have counterparties in the EU or participate in market infrastructure (trading venues, clearing houses, settlement facilities) based in the EU. These events and the resulting market volatility may have an adverse effect on a fund’s performance.
Impact of Activity by Other Shareholders: The Fund, like all mutual funds, pools the investments of many investors. Actions by one shareholder or multiple shareholders may have an impact on the Fund and, therefore, indirectly on other shareholders. For example, significant levels of new investments in the Fund by shareholders may cause the Fund to have more cash than would otherwise be the case, which might have a positive or negative impact on Fund performance. Similarly, redemption activity might cause the Fund to sell portfolio securities, which may increase transaction costs and might generate a capital gain or loss, or cause it to borrow funds on a short-term basis to cover redemptions, which would cause the Fund to incur costs that, in effect, would be borne by all shareholders, not just the redeeming shareholders. Shareholder purchase and redemption activity also may affect the per share amount of the Fund’s distributions of its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, thereby affecting the tax burden on the Fund’s shareholders subject to federal income tax. To the extent a larger shareholder (including, for example, an Affiliated Fund that operates as a fund-of-funds or 529 college savings plan) is permitted to invest in the Fund, the Fund may experience large inflows or outflows of cash from time to time. This activity could magnify these adverse effects on the Fund.

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Interest Rate Risk: The Fund is subject to the risk that the market value of the bonds in its portfolio will fluctuate because of changes in interest rates, changes in supply of and demand for investment securities, or other market factors. Bond prices generally are linked to the prevailing market interest rates. In general, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall; and conversely, when interest rates fall, bond prices rise. The price volatility of a bond also depends on its duration. Duration is a measure that relates the expected price volatility of a bond to changes in interest rates. The duration of a bond may be shorter than or equal to the full maturity of a bond. Generally, the longer the duration of a bond, the greater is its sensitivity to interest rates. Bonds with longer durations have more risk and will decrease in price as interest rates rise. For example, a bond with a duration of three years will decrease in value by approximately 3% if interest rates increase by 1%. To compensate investors for this higher interest rate risk, bonds with longer durations generally offer higher yields than bonds with shorter durations.
If interest rates increase, the yield of the Fund may increase and the market value of the Fund’s securities may decline, adversely affecting the Fund’s NAV and total return.
If interest rates decrease, the yield of the Fund may decrease and the market value of the Fund’s securities may increase, which may increase the Fund’s NAV and total return.
Changes in government monetary policy, including changes in a central bank’s (e.g., the U.S. Federal Reserve (the “Fed”)) implementation of specific policy goals, may have a substantial impact on interest rates, which in turn can significantly impact the value of the Fund’s investments. There can be no assurance that a central bank’s policy will be continued, discontinued or changed, or that any such policy will have the desired effect. A central bank’s policy changes and related market speculation as to the timing of potential interest rate changes may expose fixed-income markets to heightened volatility and may reduce liquidity for certain Fund investments, causing the value of the Fund’s investments and share price to decline. For example, market developments and other factors, including a general rise in interest rates, have the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed-income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of fixed-income securities. Such a move, coupled with a reduction in the ability or willingness of dealers and other institutional investors to buy or hold fixed-income securities, may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed-income markets. Heavy redemptions of fixed-income mutual funds and decreased liquidity of fixed-income securities could hurt the Fund’s performance.
Decisions by the Fed regarding interest rate and monetary policy can have a significant effect on the value of debt securities as well as the overall strength of the U.S. economy. Precise interest rate predictions are difficult to make, and interest rates may change unexpectedly and dramatically in response to extreme changes in market or economic conditions. Interest rates have been

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unusually low in recent years in the U.S. and abroad, and central banks have reduced rates further in an effort to combat the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Extremely low or negative interest rates may become more prevalent or may not work as intended. As there is little precedent for this situation, the impact on various markets that interest rate or other significant policy changes may have is unknown.
Leveraging Risk: Leveraging risk is the risk associated with securities or practices that multiply small price movements into large changes in value. The more the Fund invests in leveraged instruments or strategies that use leveraged instruments, the more this leverage will magnify any losses on those investments.
Liquidity Risk: Certain securities held by the Fund may be difficult (or impossible) to sell at the time and at the price the Fund would like due to a variety of factors, including general market conditions, the perceived financial strength of the issuer, or specific restrictions on resale of the securities. Consequently, the Fund may have to hold these securities longer than it would like and may forgo other investment opportunities. It also is possible that the Fund could be prevented from realizing capital gains or could be forced to incur capital losses if the Adviser is unable to sell a position at the time or price of the Adviser’s choosing. Lack of liquidity may impact valuation of such securities and the Fund’s NAV adversely, especially during times of financial distress. In addition, the Fund may not be able to raise cash when needed or may be forced to sell other investments to raise cash, which could impact the Fund’s performance negatively. Infrequent trading of securities also may lead to an increase in price volatility. Liquidity is a general investment risk that potentially could impact any security, but funds that invest in privately placed securities, certain small-company securities, high-yield bonds, mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities, foreign or emerging-market securities, derivatives, or other structured investments, which all have experienced periods of illiquidity, generally are subject to greater liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in these types of securities.
High-Yield/Junk Bond Risk: Fixed-income securities rated below investment grade (“junk” or high-yield bonds) should be regarded as speculative because their issuers are more susceptible to financial setbacks and recession than more creditworthy companies. High-yield bond issuers include small companies lacking the history or capital to merit investment-grade status, former blue chip companies downgraded because of financial problems, and firms with heavy debt loads. Many issuers of high-yield securities have characteristics (including, but not limited to, high levels of debt, an untested business plan, significant competitive and technological challenges, legal, and political risks) which cast doubt on their ability to honor their financial obligations. They may be unable to pay interest when due or return all the principal amount of their debt obligations at maturity. If the Fund invests in securities whose issuers develop unexpected credit problems, the Fund’s NAV could decline. Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are

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more likely to lead to a weakened capability to make principal and interest payments on these securities than is the case for higher-rated securities.
Options Strategy Risk: The Fund could experience a loss in the options portion of the portfolio, particularly during periods when market values are increasing but market volatility is high. When it sells index or ETF call options, the Fund receives cash but limits its opportunity to profit from an increase in the market value of its stock portfolio. When the Fund purchases index or ETF put options, it risks the loss of the cash paid for the options. At times, the Fund may not own put options, which increases exposure to a market decline. When the Fund simultaneously buys index put options and also sells index put options to fund the purchases, resulting in an index put spread, the Fund has increased exposure to further market decline if the market price of the index falls below the strike price of the short index put option.
Quantitative Investing Risk: A portfolio of securities selected using quantitative analysis may underperform either the market as a whole or a portfolio of securities selected using a different investment approach, such as fundamental analysis. The factors used in quantitative analysis and the emphasis placed on those factors may not be predictive of a security’s value. Further, factors that affect a security’s value can change over time and these changes may not be reflected in the Fund’s portfolio. In addition, data for some companies, particularly for non-U.S. companies, may be less available and/or less current than data for other companies. There also may be errors or issues relating to the tools used to screen securities. The Fund’s stock selection can be adversely affected if it relies on erroneous or outdated data or flawed models or computer systems. As a result, the Fund may have a lower return than if it were managed using a fundamental analysis or an index-based strategy that did not incorporate quantitative analysis.
Securities Lending Risk: The Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other institutions on a fully collateralized basis. There is a risk of delay in recovering a loaned security and/or risk of loss in collateral if the borrower becomes insolvent. There also is risk of loss if the borrower defaults and fails to return the loaned securities. The Fund could incur losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral from the loan, if the value of the short-term investments acquired with the cash collateral is less than the amount of cash collateral required to be returned to the borrower.
Stock Market Risk: Because the Fund invests in stocks and other assets whose value is tied to stocks, it is subject to stock market risk. A company’s stock price in general may decline over short or even extended periods of time, regardless of the success or failure of a company’s operations. Stock markets tend to run in cycles, with periods when stock prices generally go up, and periods when stock prices generally go down. However, stock markets also can move up and down rapidly or unpredictably, based on overall economic conditions and other factors and may negatively impact Fund performance. Changes in the financial condition of a single issuer can impact

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a market as a whole and adverse market conditions may be prolonged and may not have the same impact on all types of securities. In addition, the markets may not favor a particular kind of security, including equity securities. Values of securities may fall due to factors affecting a particular issuer, industry or the securities market as a whole.
Market turmoil may be reflected in perceptions of economic uncertainty, price volatility in the equity and debt markets, and fluctuating trading liquidity. In response, governments may adopt a variety of fiscal and monetary policy changes, including but not limited to, direct capital infusions into companies, new monetary programs, and lower interest rates. These policies may not be successful, and any unexpected or quick reversal of these policies could increase volatility in the equity and debt markets. Market conditions and economic risks could have a significant effect on domestic and international economies, and could add significantly to the risks of increased volatility and decreased liquidity for the Fund's portfolio. Equity securities tend to be more volatile than debt securities.
Information Technology and Operations Risk: Markets and market participants are increasingly reliant upon both publicly available and proprietary information data systems. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies, unauthorized use or access, and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems and may have an adverse impact upon a single issuer, a group of issuers, or the market at large. The information technology and other operational systems upon which a Fund's service providers rely may be subject to cyber attack or other technological disruptions, and could otherwise disrupt the ability of these service providers to perform essential tasks for the Funds. In certain cases, an exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on either specific securities or even the entire market, which may result in the Fund being, among other things, unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments or accurately price its investments.
Geopolitical/Natural Disaster Risk: Global economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely affect issuers in another country or region. Geopolitical and other risks, including war, terrorism, trade disputes, political or economic dysfunction within some nations, public health crises and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. Changes in trade policies and international trade agreements could affect the economies of many countries in unpredictable ways. Epidemics and/or pandemics, such as the coronavirus (or COVID-19), may result in, among other things, closing borders, disruptions to healthcare service preparation and

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delivery, quarantines, cancellations, disruptions to supply chains and consumer activity, as well as general concern and uncertainty. The impact may be short-term or may last for extended periods.
The COVID-19 pandemic, which has spread rapidly across the world, has led and will continue to lead for an unknown period of time to disruptions in local, regional, national and global markets and economies. Among other things, the outbreak has resulted in, and until fully resolved is likely to continue to result in, among other things (1) government imposition of various forms of “stay at home” orders and the closing of “non-essential” businesses, resulting in significant disruption to the businesses of many issuers as well as lay-offs of employees; (2) increased requests by issuers of debt instruments for amendments and waivers of agreements to avoid default and increased defaults; (3) volatility and disruption of markets, including greater volatility in pricing and spreads; and (4) rapidly evolving proposals and/or actions by state and federal governments to address problems being experienced by the markets and by businesses and the economy in general.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This prospectus does not tell you about every policy or risk of investing in the Fund. For additional information about the Fund's investment policies and the types of securities in which the Fund's assets may be invested, you may request a copy of the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) (the back cover of this prospectus tells you how to do this).
Portfolio Holdings
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund's portfolio securities is available in the Fund's SAI, which is available upon request.
Fund Management
Effective July 1, 2019, Victory Capital Management Inc. (the “Adviser”), a New York corporation that is registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) serves as the investment adviser to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement. The Adviser’s principal address is 15935 La Cantera Pkwy, Building Two, San Antonio, Texas 78256. The Fund is one of 47 mutual funds offered by USAA Mutual Funds Trust (the “Trust”). Prior to July 1, 2019, USAA Asset Management Company (“AMCO”) served as the Fund's investment adviser. Subject to the authority of the Board, the Adviser is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Fund business affairs. The Adviser is responsible for selecting each Fund’s investments according to its

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investment objective, policies, and restrictions. As of March 31, 2020, the Adviser managed assets totaling in excess of $124 billion for numerous clients including large corporate and public retirement plans, Taft-Hartley plans, foundations and endowments, high net worth individuals and mutual funds.
The Fund’s Board has the overall responsibility for overseeing the management of the Fund. A discussion regarding the basis of the Board’s approval of the Fund’s Advisory Agreement is available in the Fund’s semiannual report to shareholders for the period ended June 30.
The Adviser is a multi-boutique asset manager comprised of multiple investment teams, referred to as investment franchises, each of which utilizes an independent approach to investment. The Adviser's Victory Solutions platform is responsible for the day-to-day investment management of the Fund.
The Fund’s investment management fee, which is accrued daily and paid monthly, equal to an annualized rate of 0.60% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.
See Fees and Expenses in this Prospectus for information about any contractual agreement agreed to by the Adviser to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses with respect to the Fund. From time to time, the Adviser also may voluntarily waive fees and/or reimburse expenses in amounts exceeding those required to be waived or reimbursed under any contractual agreement that may be in place with respect to the Fund.
The Fund is authorized, although the Adviser has no present intention of utilizing such authority, to use a “manager-of-managers” structure. The Adviser could select (with approval of the Board and without shareholder approval) one or more subadvisers to manage the day-to-day investment of the Fund's assets. The Adviser would monitor each subadviser’s performance through quantitative and qualitative analysis and periodically report to the Board as to whether a subadviser’s agreement should be renewed, terminated, or modified. The Adviser also would be responsible for determining how the Fund's assets should be allocated to the subadvisers. The allocation for a subadviser could range from 0% to 100% of the Fund's assets, and the Adviser could change the allocations without shareholder approval.
Portfolio Managers
Mannik S. Dhillon, CFA, CAIA, President, VictoryShares and Solutions for Victory Capital, has co-managed the Fund since July 2019. Mr. Dhillon served as Victory Capital’s Head of Investment Solutions, Product, and Strategy from 2015-2017. He served as a managing director and head of manager research with Wilshire Associates, where he evaluated asset managers and led strategic consulting engagements from 2010-2015. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst (“CFA”) and Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst (“CAIA”).

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Wasif A. Latif, Head of Investments, VictoryShares and Solutions, has co-managed the Fund since 2008. Mr. Latif has 20 years of investment management experience, 10 of which were with AMCO, which was acquired by the Adviser’s parent company in 2019.
Lance Humphrey, CFA, Portfolio Manager, VictoryShares and Solutions, has co-managed the Fund since 2016. Mr. Humphrey has 13 years of investment management experience, 12 of which were with AMCO, which was acquired by the Adviser’s parent company in 2019. He holds the Chartered Financial Analyst (“CFA”) designation and is a member of the CFA Society of San Antonio.
The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers' compensation, other accounts managed, and ownership of Fund securities.
Purchases
OPENING AN ACCOUNT WITH THE FUND
You may purchase shares directly from the Fund or through certain investment professionals (e.g., financial intermediaries) as described below. You may call toll free at (800) 235-8396, Monday through Friday, 7:30 a.m. to 8 p.m., and Saturday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Central time, to inquire about opening an account with us. If you already have an account with us, you will not need to fill out another application to invest in another fund, including other funds managed by the Adviser (together with the Fund, we refer to these as the “Affiliated Funds” or so simply as the “Funds”), unless the registration is different or we need further information to verify your identity.
As required by federal law, we must obtain certain information from you prior to opening an account with us. If we are unable to verify your identity, we may refuse to open your account, or we may open your account and take certain actions without prior notice to you, including restricting account transactions pending verification of your identity. If we subsequently are unable to verify your identity, we may close your account and return to you the value of your shares at the next calculated NAV. We prohibit opening accounts for certain investors, including but not limited to, foreign financial institutions, shell banks, correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks, and correspondent accounts for foreign financial institutions. A “foreign shell bank” is a foreign bank without a physical presence in any country. A “correspondent account” is an account established for a foreign bank to receive deposits from, or to make payments or other disbursements on behalf of, the foreign bank, or to handle other financial transactions related to such foreign bank.
A fund or any class may be closed at any time for failure to achieve an economical level of assets or for other reasons.

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TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
Each shareholder named on an account with us must provide a Social Security number or other taxpayer identification number to avoid “backup” tax withholding required by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). See the section titled Taxes for additional tax information.
SHARE CLASSES
Shares of the Fund are only available for sale in the United States and certain other areas subject to U.S. jurisdiction and may not be offered for sale in non-U.S. jurisdictions. Investors residing outside of the United States (except those with Air/Army Post Office (“APO”), Fleet Post Office (“FPO”), or Diplomatic Post Office (“DPO”) addresses) generally may not purchase shares of the Fund, even if they are U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents.
We reserve the right, without notice, to change the eligibility criteria for purchasing a particular share class. For example, a class of shares may be available to purchase only by retirement plans or by institutional investors. We may also waive any applicable eligibility criteria or investment minimums at our discretion.
Fund Shares:
The Fund Shares are a separate share class of the Fund and are not a separate mutual fund. You may open an account directly with the Fund and purchase Fund Shares on the Internet, by telephone, or by mail. Fund Shares also are available through certain financial intermediaries.
If Fund Shares are purchased through a retirement account or a financial intermediary, the policies and procedures relating to these purchases may differ from those discussed in this prospectus. Additional fees also may apply to your investment in the Fund, including a transaction fee, if you buy or sell shares of the Fund through a broker or other investment professional. For more information on these fees, check with your investment professional.
Institutional Shares:
The Institutional Shares are a separate share class of the Fund and are not a separate mutual fund. The Institutional Shares are available for investment through a USAA discretionary managed account program, and through certain advisory programs sponsored by financial intermediaries, such as brokerage firms, investment advisors, financial planners, third-party administrators, and insurance companies. Institutional Shares also are available to institutional investors, which include retirement plans, endowments, foundations, and bank trusts, as well as Affiliated Funds, and other persons or legal entities that the Fund may approve from time to time.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
Your ability to purchase, exchange, redeem, and transfer shares will be affected by the policies of the financial intermediary through which you do business. Some policy differences may include: minimum investment requirements, exchange policies, fund choices, cutoff time for investments, and trading restrictions.
In addition, your financial intermediary may charge a transaction or other fee for the purchase or sale of shares of the Fund. Those charges are retained by the financial intermediary and are not shared with us. Please contact your financial intermediary or plan sponsor for a complete description of its policies.
Copies of the Fund's annual report, semiannual report, and SAI are available from your financial intermediary or plan sponsor.
MINIMUM INITIAL PURCHASE
Fund Shares:
$3,000. However, financial intermediaries may set different investment minimums, and the Fund reserves the right to waive or lower purchase minimums in certain circumstances.
Institutional Shares:
$1 million. However, the Fund reserves the right to waive or lower purchase minimums in certain circumstances.
ADDITIONAL PURCHASES
Fund Shares:
$50 minimum per transaction, per account.
Institutional Shares:
There is no subsequent purchase minimum for investments in Institutional Shares through any applicable discretionary managed account or similar investment program and/or certain USAA products.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF PURCHASE
When you make a purchase, your purchase price will be the NAV per share next calculated after we or the financial intermediary receive your request in “proper form” as provided in the section titled Important Transaction Information. The Fund's NAV per share is calculated as of the close of the regular trading session (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time) of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) each day it is open for trading. If we or the financial intermediary receive your purchase request in proper form prior to that time,

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your purchase price will be the NAV per share calculated for that day. If we or the financial intermediary receive your purchase request in proper form after that time, the purchase price will be the NAV per share calculated as of the close of the next regular trading session of the NYSE.
The Fund or the Fund's distributor or transfer agent may enter into agreements with Servicing Agents (such as financial intermediaries or plan sponsors), which hold shares of the Fund in omnibus accounts for their customers, under which the Servicing Agents are authorized to receive orders for shares of the Fund on the Fund’s behalf. Under these arrangements, the Fund will be deemed to have received an order when an authorized Servicing Agent receives the order. Accordingly, customer orders will be priced at the Fund’s NAV per share next calculated after they are received by an authorized Servicing Agent even though the orders may be transmitted to the Fund by the Servicing Agent after the time the Fund calculates its NAV.
PAYMENT
If you hold an account directly with the Fund and you plan to purchase shares from us with a check, the instrument must be written in U.S. dollars and drawn on a U.S. bank. In addition, initial purchases into an account by electronic funds transfer or check may be held for up to 30 days before any redemptions may be processed. We do not accept the following foreign instruments: checks, money orders, traveler’s checks, or other similar instruments. In addition, we do not accept cash or coins. If you plan to purchase shares through a financial intermediary, please check with that financial intermediary regarding acceptable forms of payment.
Redemptions
For federal income tax purposes, a redemption of shares of the Fund is a taxable event, upon which you may recognize a capital gain or loss (unless you hold the shares of the Fund in a tax-deferred account or are a tax-exempt investor). A capital gain or loss is based on the difference between your basis in the redeemed shares and the proceeds you receive upon their redemption. See the section titled Taxes for information regarding basis election and reporting.
The Fund may elect to suspend the redemption of shares or postpone the date of payment in limited circumstances (e.g., if the NYSE is closed or when permitted by order of the SEC).
Under normal market conditions, the Fund typically expects to meet redemption requests by paying out proceeds from cash or cash equivalent portfolio holdings, or by selling portfolio holdings. Under deteriorating market conditions or market stress, the Fund also may borrow from a line of credit to which the Fund and certain other Affiliated Funds are parties. The Fund and the other Affiliated Funds are limited as to the amount that each may

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individually and collectively borrow under the line of credit. As a result, borrowings available to the Fund may be insufficient to satisfy Fund redemption requests. In addition, the Fund reserves the right to honor redemption orders wholly or partly with in-kind distributions of Fund portfolio securities instead of cash.
REDEEMING SHARES
Fund Shares:
If you have a direct account with the Fund, you may redeem Fund Shares on the Internet, by telephone, or by mail on any day the NAV per share is calculated. Shareholders will receive a redemption price of the NAV per share next calculated after we receive your request in “proper form” as provided in the section titled Important Transaction Information. If we receive your redemption request in proper form prior to the close of the NYSE’s regular trading session (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time), your redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated for that day. If we receive the redemption request after that time, the redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated as of the close of the next regular trading session of the NYSE.
The Fund has undertaken certain authentication procedures regarding telephone transactions and will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. Before any discussion regarding your account, we will obtain certain information from you to verify your identity. Additionally, your telephone calls may be recorded or monitored, and confirmations of account transactions are sent to the address of record or by electronic delivery to your designated e-mail address.
If you hold Fund Shares through an account directly with the Fund, the Fund typically expects to pay out redemption proceeds on the next business day after your order is received in proper form; however, it may take up to seven days to send your proceeds. Payment for redemption of shares purchased by electronic funds transfer (“EFT”) or check will be sent after the EFT or check has cleared, which could take up to 30 days from the initial purchase date into the Fund and, for any subsequent purchases into the Fund, seven business days from the purchase date.
If you hold Fund Shares with a financial intermediary, please contact your financial intermediary regarding redemption policies. Generally, any redemption request you place with your financial intermediary in proper form prior to the close of the NYSE (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time) will receive the NAV per share calculated for that day, subject to the financial intermediary’s applicable policies and procedures. Normally, the Fund transmits proceeds to intermediaries for redemption orders that are received in proper form on the next business day after receipt. Under certain circumstances and when deemed to be in the Fund’s best interests, proceeds may not be sent to intermediaries for up to seven days after receipt of the redemption order.

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Institutional Shares:
Institutional Shares will receive a redemption price of the NAV per share next calculated after we receive the redemption request in “proper form” as provided in the section titled Important Transaction Information. If we receive the redemption request in proper form prior to the close of the NYSE’s regular trading session (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time), the redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated for that day. If we receive the redemption request after that time, the redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated as of the close of the next regular trading session of the NYSE. The Fund typically expects to pay out redemption proceeds on the next business day after your order is received in proper form; however, it may take up to seven days to send your proceeds.
Converting Shares
CONVERTING FROM INSTITUTIONAL SHARES TO FUND SHARES
If you no longer meet the eligibility requirements to invest in Institutional Shares (e.g., you terminate participation in a USAA discretionary management account program), we may convert your Institutional Shares to Fund Shares. The Fund will notify you before any such conversion to Fund Shares occurs.
PRICING
When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class of a fund for shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs per share of the two share classes. A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a non-taxable event.
Conversions are not subject to the Fund's restrictions on short-term trading activity discussed under the section titled Excessive Short-Term Trading in this prospectus.
Exchanges
For federal income tax purposes, an exchange between funds is a taxable event, upon which you may recognize a capital gain or loss (unless you hold the shares of the Fund in a tax-deferred account or are a tax-exempt investor). Such a gain or loss is based on the difference, if any, between your basis in the exchanged shares and the aggregate NAV of the shares you receive in the exchange. See the section titled Taxes for information regarding basis election and reporting.

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EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
You may exchange shares between funds in the USAA family of funds, provided the shares to be acquired are offered in your state of residence. The Fund, however, reserves the right to terminate or change the terms of an exchange offer.
If you have opened an account directly with the Fund, you may make exchanges on usaa.com or on mobile.usaa.com. After we receive the exchange orders, the Fund’s transfer agent will simultaneously process exchange redemptions and purchases at the share prices next calculated pursuant to the procedures set forth herein. See the section titled Effective Date of Purchase for additional information. The investment minimums applicable to share purchases also apply to exchanges.
If you hold shares of the Fund in an account with a financial intermediary or plan sponsor, the policies and procedures on an exchange may differ from those discussed in this prospectus. Additional fees also may apply to your investment in the Fund, including a transaction fee, if you buy, sell, or exchange shares of the Fund through a broker or other investment professional. For more information on these fees, check with your investment professional.
Other Important Information About Purchases, Redemptions, and Exchanges
Contacting the USAA Funds
The following features may be available to you to purchase, redeem, and exchange shares of the Fund you hold in an account opened directly with the Fund. Effective on or about July 6, 2020, all website transactions should be placed online at vcm.com.
Internet Access
Review account information and make most account transactions. This includes making purchases, exchanges, and redemptions; reviewing account activity; checking balances; and more.
Mobile Access
Review account information and make most account transactions.
Telephone System (800) 235-8396
Access account information and make most account transactions.

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Telephone
Call toll free (800) 235-8396 Monday – Friday, 7:30 a.m. to 8 p.m.
and Saturday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Central time, to speak with a member service representative. However, we reserve the right to modify these hours in our discretion as circumstances warrant.
Mail
If you would like to make a purchase or request a redemption by mail, send your written instructions to:
Regular Mail:
USAA Mutual Funds
P.O. Box 182593
Columbus, OH 43218-2593
Registered or Express Mail:
USAA Mutual Funds
4249 Easton Way
Suite 400
Columbus, OH 43219
Bank Wire
To add to your account or request a redemption by bank wire, visit the usaa.com website or call (800) 235-8396 for instructions. This helps to ensure that your account will be credited or debited promptly and correctly.
Electronic Funds Transfer
Additional purchases on a regular basis may be deducted electronically from a bank account. Sign up for these services when opening an account, visit the usaa.com website or call (800) 235-8396 for assistance.
IMPORTANT TRANSACTION INFORMATION
Purchase, redemption, and exchange requests are not processed until received in proper form. “Proper form” means actual receipt of the order along with all information and supporting documentation necessary to effect the transaction. Complete information may include any verification or confirmation of identity that the Fund's transfer agent or other authorized Fund agent may request. For purchase requests, “proper form” also generally includes receipt of sufficient funds to effect the purchase. The Fund, its transfer agent, or any authorized Fund agent may, in its sole discretion, determine whether any particular transaction request is in good order and reserve the right to change or waive any good order requirement at any time. Financial intermediaries may have

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their own requirements for recognizing a transaction in proper form or good order. If you hold your shares through a financial intermediary, please contact them for specific proper form or good order requirements.
IRA DISTRIBUTION FEE
The Fund may apply a distribution fee to all full IRA distributions, except for those due to death, disability, or divorce. Partial IRA distributions are not charged a distribution fee.
ACCOUNT BALANCE
Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc., the Fund's transfer agent, may assess annually a small balance account fee of $12 to each shareholder account with a balance of less than $2,000 at the time of assessment. Accounts exempt from the fee include: (1) any account regularly purchasing additional shares each month through an automatic investment plan; (2) any UGMA/UTMA account; (3) all (non-IRA) money market fund accounts; (4) any account whose registered owner has an aggregate balance of $50,000 or more invested in Affiliated Funds; and (5) all IRAs (for the first year the account is open). The fee is not currently being assessed. The Fund will provide advance notice in the event it is assessed in the future.
EXCESSIVE SHORT-TERM TRADING
The Affiliated Funds generally are not intended as short-term investment vehicles (except for the money market funds, USAA Short-Term Bond Fund, USAA Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and USAA Tax Exempt Short-Term Fund). Some investors try to profit by using excessive short-term trading practices involving mutual fund shares, frequently referred to as “market timing.”
Excessive short-term trading activity can disrupt the efficient management of a fund and raise its transaction costs by forcing portfolio managers to first buy and then sell portfolio securities in response to a large investment or redemption by short-term traders. While there is no assurance that the Affiliated Funds can deter all excessive and short-term trading, the Board has adopted the following policies (except for the money market funds, USAA Short-Term Bond Fund, USAA Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and USAA Tax Exempt Short-Term Fund). These policies are designed to deter disruptive, excessive short-term trading without needlessly penalizing bona fide investors.
To deter such trading activities, the Affiliated Funds’ policies and procedures state that:
Each Affiliated Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order, including an exchange, that it regards as disruptive to the efficient management of the particular fund.

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Each Affiliated Fund may use a fair value pricing service or other model to assist in establishing the current value of foreign securities held by the Affiliated Fund. Fair value pricing is used to adjust for “stale pricing” that may occur between the close of certain foreign exchanges or markets and the time when the Affiliated Fund calculates its NAV per share. The use of fair value pricing is intended to deter investors who may be trying to take advantage of time-zone differences in the valuation of foreign securities and to prevent dilution to long-term investors. Fair value pricing of a foreign security can result in an Affiliated Fund using a price that is higher or lower than the closing price of a foreign security for purposes of calculating an Affiliated Fund’s NAV.
THE AFFILIATED FUNDS’ RIGHT TO REJECT PURCHASE AND EXCHANGE ORDERS AND LIMIT TRADING IN ACCOUNTS
The Affiliated Funds’ main safeguard against excessive short-term trading is their right to reject purchase or exchange orders if in the best interest of the affected fund. In exercising this discretion to reject purchase and exchange orders, the Affiliated Funds deem that certain excessive short-term trading activities are not in the best interest of the fund because such activities can hamper the efficient management of the fund. Generally, persons who engage in an “in and out” (or “out and in”) transaction within a 30-day period will violate the Affiliated Funds’ policy if they engage in another “in and out” (or “out and in”) transaction in the same fund within 90 days. The Affiliated Funds also reserve the right to restrict future purchases or exchanges if an investor is classified as engaged in other patterns of excessive short-term trading, including after one large disruptive purchase and redemption or exchange. Finally, the Affiliated Funds reserve the right to reject any other purchase or exchange order in other situations that do not involve excessive short-term trading activities if in the best interest of a fund.
The following transactions are exempt from the excessive short-term trading activity policies described above:
Transactions in the money market funds, USAA Short-Term Bond Fund, USAA Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and USAA Tax Exempt Short-Term Fund;
Purchases and sales pursuant to automatic investment or withdrawal plans;
Purchases and sales made through USAA 529 College Savings PlanTM;
Purchases and sales by the USAA Target Retirement Funds, USAA Cornerstone Conservative Fund, and/or USAA Cornerstone Equity Fund; and

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Other transactions that are not motivated by short-term trading considerations if they are approved by transfer agent management personnel and are not disruptive to a fund.
If a person is classified as having engaged in excessive short-term trading, the remedy will depend upon the trading activities of the investor in the account and related accounts and its disruptive effect, and can include warnings to cease such activity and/or restrictions or termination of trading privileges in a particular Affiliated Fund or all of the Affiliated Funds.
The Affiliated Funds rely on the transfer agent to review trading activity for excessive short-term trading. There can be no assurance, however, that its monitoring activities will successfully detect or prevent all excessive short-term trading. The Affiliated Funds or the transfer agent may exclude transactions below a certain dollar amount from monitoring and may change that dollar amount from time to time.
The Affiliated Funds seek to apply these policies and procedures uniformly to all investors; however, some investors purchase shares of an Affiliated Fund through financial intermediaries that establish omnibus accounts to invest in the Affiliated Funds for their clients and submit net orders to purchase or redeem shares after combining their client orders. The Affiliated Funds subject to the short-term trading policies generally treat these omnibus accounts as an individual investor and will apply the short-term trading policies to the net purchases and sales submitted by the omnibus account unless the Affiliated Funds or their transfer agent have entered into an agreement requiring the omnibus account to submit the underlying trading information for their clients upon our request and/or monitor for excessive trading. For those omnibus accounts for which we have entered into agreements to monitor excessive trading or provide underlying trade information, the financial intermediary or Affiliated Funds will review net activity in these omnibus accounts for activity that indicates potential, excessive short-term trading activity. If we detect suspicious trading activity at the omnibus account level, we will request underlying trading information and review the underlying trading activity to identify individual accounts engaged in excessive short-term trading activity. We will instruct the omnibus account to restrict, limit, or terminate trading privileges in a particular fund for individual accounts identified as engaging in excessive short-term trading through these omnibus accounts.
We also may rely on the financial intermediary to review for and identify underlying trading activity for individual accounts engaged in excessive short-term trading activity, and to restrict, limit, or terminate trading privileges if the financial intermediary’s policies are determined by us to be at least as stringent as the Affiliated Funds’ policy. For shares purchased through financial intermediaries there may be additional or more restrictive policies. You may wish to contact your financial intermediary to determine the policies applicable to your account.

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Because of the increased costs to review underlying trading information, the Affiliated Funds will not enter into agreements with every financial intermediary that operates an omnibus account. The Affiliated Funds or their transfer agent could decide to enter into such contracts with financial intermediaries for all funds or particular funds and can terminate such agreements at any time.
OTHER FUND RIGHTS
The Fund reserves the right to:
Reject or restrict purchase or exchange orders when in the best interest of the Fund;
Limit or discontinue the offering of shares of the Fund without notice to the shareholders;
Calculate the NAV per share and accept purchase, exchange, and redemption orders on a business day that the NYSE is closed;
Redeem some or all of its shares in kind when in the best interest of the Fund;
Require a signature guarantee for transactions or changes in account information in those instances where the appropriateness of a signature authorization is in question (the SAI contains information on acceptable guarantors);
Redeem an account with less than $500, with certain limitations;
Restrict or liquidate an account when necessary or appropriate to comply with federal law; and
Discontinue or otherwise limit the opening of accounts with us.
Multiple Class Information
The Fund is comprised of multiple classes of shares. Each class shares the Fund's investment objective and investment portfolio. The classes have different fees, expenses, and/or minimum investment requirements. The difference in the fee structures between the classes is primarily the result of their separate arrangements for shareholder and distribution services and performance fee arrangements. It is not the result of any difference in base investment management or custodial fee rate schedules or other expenses related to the management of the Fund's assets, which do not vary by class.
Except as described below, the share classes have identical voting, dividend, liquidation, and other rights, preferences, terms, and conditions. The primary differences between the classes are: (a) each class may be subject to different expenses specific to that class; (b) each class has a different identifying designation or name; (c) each class has exclusive voting rights with respect to

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matters solely affecting that class; and (d) each class may have different purchase, exchange, and redemption privileges.
Shareholder Information
PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
Certain financial intermediaries perform recordkeeping, networking, administrative, sub-transfer agency, and shareholder services for their clients with respect to their investments in the Fund that otherwise would be performed by the Fund’s transfer agent or administrator and shareholder servicing agent. In some circumstances, we, or one of our affiliates, will pay a financial intermediary for these services out of our own resources. In other circumstances, the Fund will pay a fee to the financial intermediary for performing those services. The Fund will not pay financial intermediaries more than it would pay its direct service providers for transfer agency, administration, and/or shareholder services. In cases where intermediary fees are higher due to differences in the services being provided or other factors, the additional amounts will be paid by us and/or the distributor. In addition, these payments generally are based on either (1) a percentage of the average daily net assets of Fund shareholders’ accounts serviced by a financial intermediary or (2) a fixed dollar amount for each account serviced by a financial intermediary. The aggregate amount of these payments may be substantial.
In addition, we and the Fund's distributor may make payments to intermediaries for various additional services, other expenses, and/or the financial intermediaries’ distribution of shares of the Fund. Such payments are sometimes referred to as “revenue sharing” and generally are negotiated with a financial intermediary on the basis of such factors as the number or value of shares of the Fund that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; or the type and nature of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary. Such revenue sharing payments are intended to compensate a financial intermediary for one or more of the following: (1) distribution, which may include expenses incurred by financial intermediaries for their sales activities with respect to the Fund, such as preparing, printing, and distributing sales literature and advertising materials and compensating registered representatives or other employees of such financial intermediaries for their sales activities, as well as the opportunity for the Fund to be made available by such financial intermediaries; (2) shareholder services, such as providing individual and custom investment advisory services to clients of the financial intermediaries; and (3) marketing and promotional services, including business planning assistance, educating personnel about the Fund, including the Fund on preferred or recommended lists or in certain sales programs sponsored by the intermediary, and sponsorship of sales meetings, which may include covering costs of providing speakers. The distributor may sponsor seminars and conferences designed to

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educate financial intermediaries about the Fund and may cover the expenses associated with attendance at such meetings, including travel costs. These payments and activities are intended to educate financial intermediaries about the Fund and may help defray or compensate the financial intermediary for the costs associated with offering the Fund. We (and our affiliates) also may pay fixed fees for the listing of a Fund on a broker-dealer’s or financial intermediary’s system. Such payments are not considered to be revenue sharing payments.
The payments also may, to the extent permitted by applicable regulations, contribute to various non-cash and cash incentive arrangements to promote the sale of shares of the Fund, as well as sponsor various educational programs, sales contests and/or promotions. We and the Fund's distributor may, from time to time, provide occasional gifts, meals, tickets or other entertainment, or support for due diligence trips. These payments are in addition to any fees paid by the Fund to compensate financial intermediaries for providing distribution-related services to the Fund and/or shareholder services to Fund shareholders. These payments may be a fixed dollar amount or may be based on a percentage of the value of shares sold to, or held by, customers of the financial intermediary involved. The amount of these payments may be substantial and may differ among financial intermediaries. In addition, certain financial intermediaries may have access to certain services from us or the distributor, including research reports and economic analysis, and portfolio analysis tools. In certain cases, the financial intermediary may not pay for these services. These payments and other arrangements may create a conflict of interest by influencing the financial intermediary to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information. The amount of any payments described by this paragraph is determined by us or the distributor, and all such amounts are paid out of our available assets or the assets of the distributor and do not directly affect the total expense ratio of the Fund.
SHARE PRICE CALCULATION
The price at which you purchase and redeem shares of the Fund is equal to the NAV per share calculated on the effective date of the purchase or redemption. The NAV per share is calculated by adding the value of the Fund’s assets (i.e., the value of its investments and other assets), deducting liabilities, and dividing by the number of shares outstanding. Shares of the Fund may be purchased and sold at the NAV per share without a sales charge. The Fund’s NAV per share is calculated as of the close of the NYSE (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time) each day that the NYSE is open for regular trading. The NYSE is closed on most national holidays and Good Friday.

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VALUATION OF SECURITIES
The Adviser has established a Pricing and Liquidity Committee (the “Committee”); and subject to Board oversight and approval, the Committee administers and oversees the Fund's valuation policies and procedures. Among other things, these policies and procedures allow the Fund to utilize independent pricing services, quotations from securities dealers, and a wide variety of sources and information to establish and adjust the fair value of securities as events occur and circumstances warrant.
Equity securities, including ETFs, except as otherwise noted, traded primarily on domestic securities exchanges or the over-the-counter markets, are valued at the last sale price or official closing price on the exchange or primary market on which they trade. Equity securities traded primarily on foreign securities exchanges or markets are valued at the last quoted sale price, or the most recently determined official closing price calculated according to local market convention, available at the time the Fund is valued. If no last sale or official closing price is reported or available, the closing bid price generally is used for U.S.-listed equities and the average of the bid and ask prices is used for foreign listed equities.
Equity securities trading in various foreign markets may take place on days when the NYSE is closed. Further, when the NYSE is open, the foreign markets may be closed. Therefore, the calculation of the Fund’s NAV may not take place at the same time the prices of certain foreign securities held by the Fund are determined. In many cases, events affecting the values of foreign securities that occur between the time of their last quoted sale or official closing price and the close of normal trading on the NYSE on a day the Fund’s NAV is calculated will not need to be reflected in the value of the Fund’s foreign securities. However, we will monitor for events that would materially affect the value of the Fund’s foreign securities. If we determine that a particular event would materially affect the value of the Fund’s foreign securities, then the Committee will consider such available information that we deem relevant and will determine a fair value for the affected foreign securities in accordance with valuation procedures. In addition, information from an external vendor or other sources may be used to adjust the foreign market closing prices of foreign equity securities to reflect what the Committee believes to be the fair value of the securities as of the close of the NYSE. Fair valuation of affected foreign equity securities may occur frequently based on an assessment that events which occur on a fairly regular basis (such as U.S. market movements) are significant.
Debt securities are valued each business day by a pricing service (the “Service”) approved by the Board. The Service uses evaluated bid or the last sales price to price securities when, in the Service’s judgment, these prices are readily available and are representative of the securities' market values. For many securities, such prices are not readily available. The Service generally prices these securities based on methods that include consideration of yields

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or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, and type; indications as to values from dealers in securities; and general market conditions.
Short-term debt securities with original or remaining maturities of 60 days or less generally are priced but may be valued at amortized cost, provided that amortized cost represents the fair value of such securities.
Repurchase agreements are valued at cost.
Investments in open-end investment companies, commingled, or other funds, other than ETFs, are valued at their NAV at the end of each business day.
Futures contracts are valued at the settlement price at the close of market on the principal exchange on which they are traded or, in the absence of any transactions that day, the values are based upon the settlement price on the prior trading date.
Options contracts are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices. Options on futures are valued at the settlement price determined by the applicable exchange.
In the event that price quotations or valuations are not readily available, are not reflective of market value, or a significant event has been recognized in relation to a security or class of securities, the securities are valued in good faith, at fair value, by the Committee in accordance with valuation procedures approved by the Board. The effect of fair value pricing is that securities may not be priced on the basis of quotations from the primary market in which they are traded, and the actual price realized from the sale of a security may differ materially from the fair value price. Valuing these securities at fair value is intended to cause the Fund’s NAV to be more reliable than it otherwise would be.
Fair value methods used by the Fund include, but are not limited to, obtaining market quotations from secondary pricing services, broker-dealers, other pricing services, or widely used quotation systems. General factors considered in determining the fair value of securities include fundamental analytical data, the nature and duration of any restrictions on disposition of the securities, evaluation of credit quality, and an evaluation of the forces that influenced the market in which the securities are purchased and sold.
For additional information on how securities are valued, see Valuation of Securities in the Fund's SAI.
DIVIDENDS AND OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund pays distributions of net investment income (“dividends”) annually. Ordinarily, any net realized capital gains are distributed in December of each year. The Fund may make additional distributions to shareholders, or may not make a distribution, when considered appropriate or necessary. For example,

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the Fund could make one or more additional distributions to avoid the imposition of any federal income or excise taxes or may not make a distribution to limit returns of capital.
The Fund automatically reinvests all dividends and other distributions paid on a share class in additional shares of that class unless you request to receive those distributions by way of electronic funds transfer. The share price for a reinvestment is the NAV per share of the class computed on the ex-distribution date. Any distribution made by the Fund reduces the NAV per share of the class by the amount of the distribution on the ex-distribution date. You should consider carefully the effects of purchasing shares of the Fund shortly before any distribution (as explained below). The Fund will invest in your account, at the current NAV per share, any distribution payment returned to the Fund by your financial institution.
TAXES
The following tax information is quite general and refers to the federal income tax law in effect as of the date of this prospectus.
■    Treatment of the Fund
The Fund, which is treated as a separate corporation for federal tax purposes, has qualified for each past taxable year, and intends to continue to qualify, for treatment as a “regulated investment company” under the Code. By doing so, the Fund (but not its shareholders) is relieved of federal income tax on the part of its investment company taxable income (consisting generally of taxable net investment income, the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss (“net short-term gain”), and net gains and losses from certain foreign currency transactions, if any, all determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid) and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), if any, that it distributes to its shareholders.
■    Shareholder Taxation
Distributions that shareholders receive from the Fund generally are subject to federal income tax and may be subject to state and/or local taxes. Dividends and distributions of net short-term gains are taxable to you as ordinary income, whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Fund. A portion of the Fund’s dividends (which is not expected to be substantial) may qualify for (1) the 50% dividends-received deduction available to corporations, and (2) the lower maximum federal income tax rates applicable to “qualified dividend income” of individuals and certain other non-corporate shareholders (each, an “individual shareholder”) who satisfy certain holding period and other restrictions with respect to their shares of the Fund—a maximum of 15% for a single shareholder with taxable income not exceeding $441,450 ($496,600 for married shareholders filing jointly) and

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20% for those individual shareholders with taxable income exceeding those respective amounts (which are effective for 2020 and will be adjusted for inflation annually thereafter).
Regardless of the length of time you have held shares of the Fund, distributions of net capital gains that the Fund realizes are taxable to you as long-term capital gains, whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Fund. Those distributions are taxed to individual shareholders at the 15% and 20% tax rates described above.
You may realize a capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes on a redemption or an exchange (which is treated like a redemption for those purposes) of shares of the Fund. Your gain or loss is based on the difference, if any, between your basis in the redeemed (or exchanged) shares and the redemption proceeds (or the aggregate NAV of the shares of the fund into which you exchange) you receive. Any capital gain an individual shareholder recognizes on a redemption or exchange of his or her shares of the Fund that have been held for more than one year will qualify for the 15% and 20% tax rates described above.
In addition, an individual shareholder is subject to a 3.8% federal tax on the lesser of (1) the individual’s “net investment income,” which generally includes taxable distributions the Fund pays and net gains realized on the redemption or exchange of shares of the Fund, or (2) the excess of his or her “modified adjusted gross income” over $200,000 (or $250,000 if married and filing jointly). This tax is in addition to any other taxes due on that income. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the effect, if any, this provision may have on your investment in shares of the Fund.
Your basis in shares of the Fund that you acquired after December 31, 2011, (“Covered Shares”) will be determined in accordance with the Fund’s default method, which is average basis, unless you affirmatively elect in writing (which may be electronic) to use a different acceptable basis determination method, such as a specific identification method. The basis determination method you elect (or the default method) may not be changed with respect to a redemption of Covered Shares after the settlement date of the redemption. You should consult with your tax adviser to determine the best Internal Revenue Service (IRS)-accepted basis determination method.
■    Foreign Taxes
Dividends and interest the Fund receives, and gains it realizes, on foreign securities may be subject to income, withholding, or other taxes foreign countries and U.S. possessions impose (“foreign taxes”) that would reduce the yield and/or total return on its investments. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate foreign taxes; however, many foreign countries do not impose taxes on capital gains with respect to investments by foreign investors.

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If more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the close of any taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may file an election with the IRS (“Foreign Election”) that would permit you to take a credit (or a deduction) for foreign taxes the Fund pays. If the Foreign Election is made, you would include in your gross income both dividends you received from the Fund and the amount of your proportionate share of those foreign taxes and would be entitled to a credit against your federal income tax, subject to the limitations set forth in the Code with respect to the foreign tax credit generally. Alternatively, you could, if it were to your advantage, treat the foreign taxes paid by the Fund as an itemized deduction in computing your taxable income rather than as a tax credit. The Fund has made the Foreign Election in one or more previous taxable years, and it is anticipated that certain Affiliated Funds will make the Foreign Election for their current taxable year. If the Fund does so, it will report to you shortly after each year your share of the foreign taxes it paid and its foreign-source income.
■    Withholding
Federal law requires the Fund to withhold (referred to as “backup withholding”) and remit to the U.S. Treasury 24% of (1) dividends, capital gain distributions, and proceeds of redemptions, regardless of the extent to which gain or loss may be realized, otherwise payable to any individual shareholder who fails to furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number and (2) those dividends and distributions otherwise payable to any individual shareholder who:
Underreports dividend or interest income or
Fails to certify that he or she is not subject to backup withholding.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax, and any amounts so withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s federal income tax liability or refunded. To avoid this withholding, you must certify on your application, or on a separate IRS Form W-9 supplied by the Fund's transfer agent, that your taxpayer identification number is correct and you currently are not subject to backup withholding.
■    Reporting
The Fund will report information to you annually concerning the tax status of your dividends and other distributions for federal income tax purposes. In addition, the Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for Covered Shares and indicate whether they had a short-term (one year or less) or long-term (more than one year) holding period. You should consult with your tax adviser to obtain more information about how the basis reporting law applies to you.

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SHAREHOLDER MAILINGS
■    Householding
Through our ongoing efforts to help reduce Fund expenses, each household will receive a single copy of the Fund’s most recent shareholder reports and prospectus. You will receive a single copy if you and/or a family member own more than one account in the Fund. This eliminates duplicate copies and saves paper and postage costs for the Fund. However, if you would like to receive individual copies, please contact us; and we will begin your individual delivery within 30 days of your request.
■    Electronic Delivery
Log on to usaa.com and sign up to receive your statements, confirmations, financial reports, tax documents, and prospectuses electronically instead of through the mail.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including, among others, the Fund's adviser, transfer agent, and distributor, who provide services to the Fund. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or “third-party”) beneficiaries of, any of those contractual arrangements, and those contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any individual shareholder or group of shareholders any right to enforce them against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them against the service providers, either directly or on behalf of the Trust or the Fund.
This prospectus provides information concerning the Trust and the Fund that you should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of the Fund. Neither this prospectus nor the related SAI is intended to be, or should be read to give rise to, an agreement or contract between the Trust or the Fund and any investor, or to give rise to any rights in any shareholder or other person other than any rights under federal or state law that may not be waived.
Financial Highlights
The following financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the financial performance of the Fund Shares and Institutional Shares for the Fund for the past five years. Certain information reflects financial results for a single share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor of the Fund Shares and Institutional Shares would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all income dividends and capital gain distributions).

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The information has been derived from financial statements audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, is included in the Fund’s annual report to shareholders, which is available upon request.

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USAA GLOBAL MANAGED VOLATILITY FUND SHARES
  Year Ended December 31,
  2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $9.39 $10.73 $9.03 $8.59 $8.97
Investment Activities:          
Net Investment Income (Loss) 0.19(c) 0.25 0.13(c) 0.13(c) 0.10(c)
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments 1.85 (1.18) 1.76 0.42 (0.40)
Total from Investment Activities 2.04 (0.93) 1.89 0.55 (0.30)
Distributions to Shareholders:          
Net Investment Income (0.22) (0.15) (0.14) (0.11) (0.08)
Net Realized Gains from Investments (0.24) (0.26) (0.05)
Total Distributions to Shareholders (0.46) (0.41) (0.19) (0.11) (0.08)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $10.97 $9.39 $10.73 $9.03 $8.59
Total Return* 21.69% (8.78)% 20.95% 6.39% (3.28)%
Ratios/Supplemental Data:          
Net Assets, End of Period (000) $11,921 $10,229 $11,284 $13,964 $15,911
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets^(a) 0.90% 0.90% 0.90% 0.89% 0.90%(e)
Ratio of Expenses, Excluding Reimbursements to Average Net Assets(a) 1.09% 1.18% 1.09% 1.13% 1.15%
Ratio of Net Investment Income (Loss) to Average Net Assets 1.81% 1.57% 1.30% 1.48% 1.14%
Portfolio Turnover(b) 53% 35% 48%(d) 9% 16%(f)
*
Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return.
^
The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limits in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is applied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund’s fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.
(a)
The expense ratios exclude the impact of expenses paid by each underlying fund.
(b)
Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole without distinguishing between the classes of shares issued.
(c)
Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculated using the average daily shares method.
(d)
Reflects an increase in trading activity due to large shareholder inflows.
(e)
Prior to May 1, 2015, USAA Asset Management Company (previous Investment Adviser) voluntarily agreed to limit the annual expenses of the Fund Shares to 0.90% of the Fund Shares’ average daily net assets.
(f)
Reflects a return to normal trading levels after a prior year transition.

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USAA GLOBAL MANAGED VOLATILITY FUND INSTITUTIONAL SHARES
  Year Ended December 31,
  2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $9.49 $10.84 $9.12 $8.69 $9.08
Investment Activities:          
Net Investment Income (Loss) 0.21(c) 0.16 0.18(c) 0.16(c) 0.14(c)
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments 1.88 (1.08) 1.76 0.40 (0.44)
Total from Investment Activities 2.09 (0.92) 1.94 0.56 (0.30)
Distributions to Shareholders:          
Net Investment Income (0.23) (0.17) (0.17) (0.13) (0.09)
Net Realized Gains from Investments (0.24) (0.26) (0.05)
Total Distributions to Shareholders (0.47) (0.43) (0.22) (0.13) (0.09)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $11.11 $9.49 $10.84 $9.12 $8.69
Total Return* 21.97% (8.61)% 21.24% 6.46% (3.27)%
Ratios/Supplemental Data:          
Net Assets, End of Period (000) $1,005,270 $922,210 $824,189 $295,644 $189,078
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets^(a) 0.70% 0.70% 0.72%(f) 0.78% 0.80%
Ratio of Expenses, Excluding Reimbursements to Average Net Assets(a) 0.75% 0.74% 0.76% 0.81% 0.88%
Ratio of Net Investment Income (Loss) to Average Net Assets 1.97% 1.87% 1.79% 1.85% 1.61%
Portfolio Turnover(b) 53% 35% 48%(d) 9% 16%(e)
*
Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return.
^
The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limits in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is applied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund’s fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.
(a)
The expense ratios exclude the impact of expenses paid by each underlying fund.
(b)
Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole without distinguishing between the classes of shares issued.
(c)
Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculated using the average daily shares method.
(d)
Reflects an increase in trading activity due to large shareholder inflows.
(e)
Reflects a return to normal trading levels after a prior year transition.
(f)
Prior to May 1, 2019, USAA Asset Management Company (previous Investment Adviser) voluntarily agreed to limit the annual expenses of the Institutional Shares to 0.70% of the Institutional Shares’ average daily net assets. Reflects a return to normal trading levels after a prior year transition.

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Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”): A complete description of the Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund's portfolio securities is available in the Fund's SAI. The SAI has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and is incorporated by reference into this prospectus, which means it is legally part of the prospectus.
Annual and Semi Annual Reports: Annual and semi annual reports contain more information about the Fund's investments. In the Fund's annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance during the last fiscal year.
How to Obtain Information: You may obtain a free copy of the SAI, annual or semi annual reports, or to ask other questions about the Fund or your accounts by contacting the USAA Mutual Funds at the address or telephone number below, or by contacting your financial intermediary.
By mail:
USAA Mutual Funds
P.O. Box 182593
Columbus, OH 43218-2593
  By telephone:
Call USAA Mutual Funds at
(800) 235-8396
You also can obtain information about the Fund (including the SAI and other reports) from the SEC on the SEC’s EDGAR database at http://www.sec.gov or, after payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov
Investment Company Act File No. 811-7852

87347-0520
May 1, 2020
Prospectus
USAA Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund
Fund
Shares
Institutional
Shares
R6
Shares
   
UUSTX UUSIX URUSX    
Beginning January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Fund's shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from the Fund or from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on VictoryFunds.com, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report. If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change, and you need not take any action.
You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Fund or your financial intermediary electronically by notifying your financial intermediary directly, or if you are a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund, by calling (800) 235-8396 or logging on to usaa.com. Effective on or about July 6, 2020, a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund will need to submit their request via email to TA.Processing@FISGlobal.com.
You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge. You can inform the Fund or your financial intermediary that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports by notifying your financial intermediary directly, or if you are a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund, by calling (800) 235-8396 or logging on to usaa.com. Effective on or about July 6, 2020, a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund will need to submit their request via email to TA.Processing@FISGlobal.com.
Your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held with the USAA family of funds or your financial intermediary.
Victory Capital means Victory Capital Management Inc., the investment manager of the USAA Mutual Funds. USAA Mutual Funds are distributed by Victory Capital Advisers, Inc., a broker dealer registered with FINRA and an affiliate of Victory Capital. Victory Capital and its affiliates are not affiliated with United Services Automobile Association or its affiliates. USAA and the USAA logos are registered trademarks and the USAA Mutual Funds and USAA Investments logos are trademarks of United Services Automobile Association and are being used by Victory Capital and its affiliates under license.
The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or determined whether this Prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
vcm.com
800-235-8396

 


 


Investment Objective
The USAA Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund (the “Fund”) seeks to provide high current income consistent with preservation of principal.
Fees and Expenses
The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay, directly and indirectly, to invest in the Fund. The annual fund operating expenses for the Fund Shares, Institutional Shares, and R6 Shares are based on expenses incurred during the Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year.
Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
  Fund Shares Inst. Shares R6 Shares
  None None None
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
  Fund Shares Inst. Shares R6 Shares
Management Fee 0.24%a 0.24%a 0.24%a
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees None None None
Other Expenses 0.35% 0.39% 0.55%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 0.59%b 0.63%b 0.79%b
Fee Waiver/Reimbursement from Adviser None (0.08%) (0.40%)
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Reimbursement 0.59%c 0.55%c 0.39%c
a Victory Capital Management Inc. (the “Adviser”) has agreed that no performance adjustment (positive or negative) will be made to the amount payable to the Adviser from July 1, 2019, through June 30, 2020. Thereafter, the management fee may fluctuate based on the Fund’s performance relative to a securities market index. See Fund Management section for a description of the performance adjustment.
b The expense information in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.
c The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, capitalized expenses, and other extraordinary expenses) do not exceed 0.60% of the Fund Shares, 0.55% of the Institutional Shares, and 0.39% of the R6 Shares, through at least June 30, 2021. The Adviser is permitted to recoup advisory fees waived and expenses reimbursed for up to three years after the fiscal year in which the waiver or reimbursement took place, subject to the lesser of any operating expense

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  limits in effect at the time of: (a) the original waiver or expense reimbursement; or (b) the recoupment, after giving effect to the recoupment amount. The amount of any waivers or reimbursements and the amount of any recoupment is calculated without regard to the impact of any performance adjustment to the Fund’s management fee. The amount of any waivers or reimbursements and the amount of any recoupment is calculated without regard to the impact of any performance adjustment to the Fund’s management fee. This agreement may only be terminated by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same, and the expense limitation agreement for each class of shares is not continued beyond its expiration date.
  1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
Fund Shares $60 $189 $329 $738
Inst. Shares $56 $192 $342 $777
R6 Shares $40 $205 $392 $934
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, including commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when shares of the Fund are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance.
For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 59% of the average value of its whole portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategy
The Fund’s principal investment strategy is normally to invest at least 80% of the Fund’s assets in investment-grade debt securities that have a dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity of 18 months (one and a half years) or less. The Fund invests primarily in U.S. dollar-denominated debt securities that may include, but are not limited to, obligations of U.S., state, and local governments, their agencies and instrumentalities; mortgage- and asset-backed securities; corporate debt securities; repurchase agreements; and other securities believed to have debt-like characteristics. This 80% policy may be changed upon at least 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.

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Principal Risks
The Fund’s investments are subject to the following principal risks:
Credit Risk – The fixed-income securities in the Fund's portfolio are subject to credit risk, which is the possibility that an issuer of a fixed-income security will fail to make timely interest and/or principal payments on its securities or that negative market perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline. The Fund accepts some credit risk as a recognized means to enhance an investor’s return. All fixed-income securities, varying from the highest quality to the very speculative, have some degree of credit risk.
Debt Securities Risk – The value of a debt security or other income-producing security changes in response to various factors, including, for example, market-related factors (such as changes in interest rates or changes in the risk appetite of investors generally) and changes in the actual or perceived ability of the issuer (or of issuers generally) to meet its (or their) obligations.
Management Risk – The Fund is actively managed, and the investment techniques and risk analyses used by the Fund’s portfolio managers may not produce the desired results.
High-Yield/Junk Bond Risk – Fixed-income securities rated below investment grade, also known as “junk” or high-yield bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit, and liquidity risk than investment-grade securities. Their prices may be more volatile, especially during economic downturns, financial setbacks, or liquidity events. High-yield securities also can involve a substantially greater risk of default than higher quality debt securities, and their values can decline significantly over short and longer periods of time.
Interest Rate Risk – Bond prices generally are linked to the prevailing market interest rates. In general, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall; conversely, when interest rates fall, bond prices rise. The price volatility of a bond also depends on its duration. Generally, the longer the duration of a bond, the greater is its sensitivity to interest rates. To compensate investors for this higher interest rate risk, bonds with longer durations generally offer higher yields than bonds with shorter durations.
Liquidity Risk - The risk of investing in securities that generally are less liquid than higher-quality securities is referred to as liquidity risk. The market for lower-quality issues generally is less liquid than the market for higher-quality issues. Therefore, large purchases or sales could cause sudden and significant price changes in these securities. Many lower-quality issues do not trade frequently; however, when they do trade, the trade price may be substantially higher or lower than expected.

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Legislative Risk – Changes in government policies may affect the value of the investments held by the Fund in ways we cannot anticipate, and such policies could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments and the Fund’s net asset value.
Prepayment and Extension Risk – Mortgage-backed securities make regularly scheduled payments of principal along with interest payments. In addition, mortgagors generally have the option of paying off their mortgages without penalty at any time. For example, when a mortgaged property is sold, the old mortgage is usually prepaid. Also, when interest rates fall, the mortgagor may refinance the mortgage and prepay the old mortgage. A homeowner’s default on the mortgage also may cause a prepayment of the mortgage. This unpredictability of the mortgage’s cash flow is called prepayment risk. For the investor, prepayment risk usually means that principal is received at the least opportune time. For example, when interest rates fall, homeowners may find it advantageous to refinance their mortgages and prepay principal. In this case, the investor is forced to reinvest the principal at the current lower rate. On the other hand, when interest rates rise, homeowners generally will not refinance their mortgages and prepayments will fall. This causes the average life of the mortgage to extend and be more sensitive to interest rates, which is called extension risk. In addition, the amount of principal the investor has to invest in these higher interest rates is reduced.
Any investment involves risk, and there is no assurance that the Fund’s objective will be achieved. By itself, the Fund does not constitute a complete investment plan. As you consider an investment in the Fund, you also should take into account your tolerance for the daily fluctuations of the financial markets and whether you can afford to leave your money in the Fund for long periods of time to ride out down periods. As with other mutual funds, losing money is a risk of investing in the Fund.
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
Performance
The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The Fund has three classes of shares: Fund Shares, Institutional Shares, and R6 Shares. The bar chart provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund and illustrates the Fund Shares class's volatility by showing how performance has varied from year to year for each full calendar year since the Fund’s inception. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share classes for the periods indicated compared to those of the Fund's benchmark index and an additional index of funds with similar investment objectives. Performance reflects any expense limitations in effect during the periods shown.

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Performance data for the classes varies based on differences in their fee and expense structures. Remember, historical performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate what will happen in the future. The Fund’s most current performance information is available on the Fund’s website at usaa.com (effective on or about July 6, 2020, performance information may be found at vcm.com) or by calling (800) 235-8396.

RISK/RETURN BAR CHART
Annual Returns for Periods Ended December 31

The year-to-date return of the Fund Shares as of March 31, 2020, was -5.36%.
During the periods shown in the chart: Returns Quarter ended
Highest Quarter Return 1.57% March 31, 2019
Lowest Quarter Return -0.38% September 30, 2015
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. In certain situations, the return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares may be higher than the other return amounts. A higher after-tax return may result when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and translates into an assumed tax deduction that benefits the shareholder. The actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. If you hold your shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns shown in the table are not relevant to you. Please note that after-tax returns are only shown for the Fund Shares and may differ for each share class.

Prospectus  |  5

 



AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
For Periods Ended December 31, 2019

  1 Year 5 Years
(or Life
of Class)
10 Years
(or Life
of Class)
Fund Shares      
Return Before Taxes 4.37% 1.80% 1.72%*
Return After Taxes on Distributions 3.24% 1.02% 1.04%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares 2.57% 1.03% 1.03%
Institutional Shares      
Return Before Taxes 4.43% 1.80% 1.69%*
R6 Shares      
Return Before Taxes 4.70% 2.69%* N/A
Indexes
Citigroup 3-Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) 2.25% 1.05% 0.58%
Lipper Ultra Short Obligations Funds Index (reflects no deduction for taxes) 3.05% 1.59% 1.17%
* The inception dates of the Fund Shares, Institutional Shares, and the R6 Shares are October 18, 2010, July 12, 2013, and March 1, 2017, respectively.
Investment Adviser
Victory Capital Management Inc. (the “Adviser”) serves as the Fund’s investment adviser.
The portfolio managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are members of the Adviser’s USAA Investments investment franchise.

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Portfolio Managers
  Title Tenure with the Fund
Douglas J. Rollwitz, CFA, CPA Portfolio Manager Since May 2018
Brian W. Smith, CFA, CPA Senior Portfolio Manager Since May 2018
James F. Jackson Jr. Senior Portfolio Manager Since July 2019
R. Neal Graves Senior Portfolio Manager Since July 2019
Purchase and Sale of Shares
Fund Shares:
You may purchase or sell Fund Shares any business day through the vcm.com website or by telephone at (800) 235-8396. You also may purchase or sell Fund Shares through certain other financial intermediaries. If you have opened an account directly with the Fund, you also may purchase and sell Fund Shares by mail at P.O. Box 182593, Columbus, Ohio 43218-2593.
Minimum initial purchase: $3,000
Minimum subsequent investment: $50
Institutional Shares:
The Institutional Shares are not offered for sale directly to the general public. The minimum initial purchase is $1 million; however, the Fund reserves the right to waive or lower purchase minimums in certain circumstances.
R6 Shares:
R6 Shares generally are available through employer-sponsored retirement plans where a financial intermediary provides retirement recordkeeping services to plan participants. R6 Shares also are available to endowment funds and foundations and certain other eligible investors. There is no minimum initial investment amount or minimum subsequent investment for R6 Shares. Please contact your plan administrator or recordkeeper to purchase or sell (redeem) shares from your retirement plan.

Prospectus  |  7

 


Tax Information
The Fund intends to make distributions that generally will be taxed to you as ordinary income or long-term capital gains, unless you are a tax-exempt investor or you invest through an IRA, 401(k) plan, or other tax-deferred account (in which case you may be taxed later, upon withdrawal of your investment from such account).
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of such shares and certain servicing and administrative functions for investments in all share classes except the R6 Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

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Victory Capital Management Inc. (“Victory Capital” or “Adviser”) manages this Fund. For easier reading, Victory Capital may be referred to as “we” or “us” throughout the prospectus.
Investment Objective
■    What is the Fund’s investment objective?
The Fund seeks to provide high current income consistent with preservation of principal. The Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change the investment objective without shareholder approval.
More Information on the Fund’s Investment Strategy
■    What is the Fund’s investment strategy?
Under normal market conditions the Fund invests at least 80% of its assets in investment-grade debt securities that have a dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity of 18 months (one and a half years) or less. This 80% policy may be changed upon at least 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.
In addition to the principal investment strategy discussed above, the Fund may seek to earn additional income through securities lending.
■    What types of debt securities may be included in the Fund’s portfolio?
The Fund invests primarily in U.S. dollar-denominated debt securities that may include, but are not limited to, obligations of U.S., state, and local governments, their agencies and instrumentalities; mortgage- and asset-backed securities; corporate debt securities; repurchase agreements; and other securities believed to have debt-like characteristics. We independently assess credit risk and its impact on the Fund’s portfolio when evaluating potential investments for the Fund.
The Fund also may use derivatives, such as futures, options, and swaps, to increase or decrease its exposure to changing security prices or other factors that affect security values, in an effort to enhance income, to protect the value of portfolio securities, or to keep cash on hand to meet shareholder redemptions or other needs while maintaining exposure to the market.
In order to implement its investment strategy, the Fund may invest in shares of affiliated or other investment companies, including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). The Fund may rely on Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) exemptive orders or rules that permit funds meeting various conditions to invest in an ETF in amounts exceeding limits set forth in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, that would otherwise be applicable.

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By diversifying the Fund’s portfolio through investing in securities of a large number of unrelated issuers, we attempt to reduce the Fund’s exposure to the risks of an investment in the securities of any one issuer or group of issuers. Certain bond and money market instruments, such as collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBSs”), interest-only CMBS securities (“CMBS IOs”), periodic auction reset bonds, loan interests and direct debt instruments, Eurodollar and Yankee obligations, and synthetic securities are subject to special risks that are described in the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).
The Fund is limited to 20% of its net assets invested in preferred, hybrid, and convertible securities.
■    What is the credit quality of the debt securities?
The Fund invests primarily in investment-grade securities, which include securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities, as well as securities rated or subject to a guarantee that is rated within the categories listed by at least one of the Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSROs”) approved by the SEC, or unrated securities determined by the Adviser to be of comparable investment quality at the time of purchase. Below are the investment-grade credit ratings for two of the NRSROs:
Rating Agency Long-Term
Debt Securities
Short-Term
Debt Securities
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. At least Baa3 At least Prime–3 or MIG 3/VMIG 3
S&P Global Ratings At least BBB – At least A–3 or SP–2
In addition, the Fund may invest up to 10% of its net assets in securities that at the time of purchase are below-investment-grade securities, which are sometimes referred to as high-yield or “junk” bonds. Below-investment-grade securities are considered speculative and are subject to significant credit risk because they are believed to represent a greater risk of default than more creditworthy investment-grade securities. These lower-quality securities generally have less interest rate risk and higher credit risk than higher-quality securities. At the same time, the volatility of below-investment-grade securities historically has been less than that of the equity market as a whole. Below-investment-grade securities also may be less liquid than investment-grade securities.
You will find more information about the above debt ratings in the Fund’s SAI.

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■    How are the decisions to buy and sell securities made?
We search for securities that represent value at the time of purchase given current market conditions. Value takes into consideration a combination of factors, including yield, credit quality, structure (maturity, coupon, and redemption features), and liquidity. We recognize value by simultaneously analyzing the interaction of these factors among the securities available in the market. We will sell a security if we become concerned about its credit risk, we are forced by market factors to raise money, or an attractive replacement is available.
TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE STRATEGY
The Fund may, from time to time, take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with the Fund's principal investment strategies in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions. The effect of taking such a temporary defensive position is that the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.
Risks
The following provides additional information about some of the Fund’s principal risks and supplements those risks discussed in the Fund's Summary section of this Prospectus. The Fund's SAI provides more detail about these risks and other risks that the Fund may be subject to that are not considered to be primary risks.
Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk: Asset-backed securities represent interests in pools of mortgages, loans, receivables, or other assets such as motor vehicle installment sales or installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property, and receivables from credit card agreements. Mortgage-backed securities are a type of asset-backed security that represent direct or indirect participations in, or are collateralized by and payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property. Payment of interest and repayment of principal may be largely dependent upon the cash flows generated by the assets backing the securities and, in certain cases, supported by letters of credit, surety bonds, or other credit enhancements.
During periods of falling interest rates, mortgage- and asset-backed securities, which typically provide the issuer with the right to call or prepay the security prior to maturity, may be called or prepaid, which may result in the Fund having to reinvest the proceeds in other investments at a lower interest rate. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of mortgage- and asset-backed securities may extend because of slower than expected principal payments. This may lock in a below-market interest rate, increase the security’s duration, and reduce the value of the security. As a result, mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may have less potential for capital appreciation during periods of declining interest rates than other

Prospectus  |  11

 


securities of comparable maturities, although they may have a similar risk of decline in market values during periods of rising interest rates. Prepayment rates are difficult to predict and the potential impact of prepayments on the value of a mortgage- or asset-backed security depends on the terms of the instrument and can result in significant volatility. The price of a mortgage-backed or asset-backed security also depends on the credit quality and adequacy of the underlying assets or collateral. Enforcing rights against the underlying assets or collateral may be difficult, or the underlying assets or collateral may be insufficient if the issuer defaults. Subprime mortgage loans, which typically are made to less creditworthy borrowers, have a higher risk of default than conventional mortgage loans. Therefore, mortgage-backed securities backed by subprime mortgage loans may suffer significantly greater declines in value due to defaults. Some mortgage-backed securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government (e.g., mortgage-backed securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association, commonly known as “Ginnie Mae”), while other mortgage-backed securities (e.g., mortgage-backed securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, commonly known as “Fannie Mae” and “Freddie Mac”), are backed only by the credit of the government entity issuing them. In addition, some mortgage-backed securities are issued by private entities and are not guaranteed by the U.S. government or any agency or instrumentality of the U.S. government.
Credit Risk: Credit risk is the possibility that an issuer of a fixed-income security will fail to make timely interest and/or principal payments on its securities or that negative market perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline. All fixed-income securities, varying from the highest quality to the very speculative, have some degree of credit risk and may apply to certain other securities in which the Fund may invest. The Fund accepts some credit risk as a recognized means to enhance investors’ return. To the extent the Fund invests in U.S. government securities, credit risk will be limited. Market events may affect the creditworthiness of the issuer of a fixed-income security and may impair an issuer’s ability to timely meet its debt obligations as they come due.
When evaluating potential investments for the Fund, our analysts independently assess credit risk and its potential impact on the Fund’s portfolio. In addition, credit rating agencies may provide estimates of the credit quality of the potential investment. The ratings may not take into account every risk that interest and/or principal will be repaid on a timely basis. Lower credit ratings typically correspond to higher perceived credit risk and higher credit ratings typically correspond to lower perceived credit risk. Securities in the lowest-rated investment-grade category have speculative characteristics. Credit ratings do not provide assurance against default or other loss of money. We attempt to minimize the Fund’s overall credit risk by primarily investing in fixed-income securities considered at least investment grade at the time of purchase. Nevertheless, even investment-grade securities

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typically are subject to some credit risk. We also attempt to minimize the Fund’s overall credit risk by diversifying the Fund’s investments across many securities with slightly different risk characteristics and across different economic sectors and geographic regions. If a random credit event should occur, such as a default, the Fund generally would suffer a smaller loss than if the Fund were concentrated in relatively large holdings with highly correlated risks. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser’s credit assessment.
Derivatives Risk: The Fund may invest in futures, options, swaps, and other types of derivatives. Risks associated with derivatives include the risk that the derivative is not well-correlated with the security, index, exchanged-traded funds (“ETFs”), or currency to which it relates; the risk that derivatives used for risk management may not have the intended effects and may result in losses, underperformance, or missed opportunities; the risk that the Fund will be unable to sell the derivative because of an illiquid secondary market; the risk that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its obligation; the risk of interest rate movements; and the risk that the derivatives transaction could expose the Fund to the effects of leverage, which could increase the Fund’s market exposure, magnify investment risks and losses, and cause losses to be realized more quickly. In addition, proposed and current regulation may limit the Fund’s ability to invest in derivatives. There is no guarantee that derivative techniques will be employed or that they will work as intended, and their use could lower returns or even result in losses to the Fund.
ETF Risk: ETFs, which generally are registered investment companies, incur their own management fees and other expenses, such as trustees’ fees, operating expenses, registration fees, and marketing expenses, a proportionate share of which would be borne by the Fund. As a result, an investment by the Fund in an ETF could cause the Fund’s operating expenses to be higher and, in turn, its performance to be lower than if it were to invest directly in the securities held by the ETF. In addition, the Fund will be exposed indirectly to all of the risks of the securities held by the ETFs.
The Fund may invest in “passive” ETFs that invest in the securities and sectors contained in the indexes they seek to track without regard for or analysis of the prospects of such securities or sectors. An ETF may invest in all of the securities in an index or in a representative sample of such securities. Passive ETFs will not attempt to take defensive positions in volatile or declining markets or under other conditions. Furthermore, such ETFs will not be able to duplicate exactly the performance of the underlying indexes they track.
The price of an ETF is determined by supply and demand. Thus, ETFs do not necessarily trade at their NAV. The Fund will value any ETF in its portfolio at the ETF’s last sale or closing market price, which typically approximates its NAV, although there may be times when the market price and NAV vary to a greater extent, which could affect the performance of the Fund.

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In addition, although ETFs generally are listed on securities exchanges, there can be no assurances that an active trading market for such ETFs will be maintained. Secondary market trading in ETFs also may be halted by a national securities exchange because of market conditions or for other reasons. There can be no assurances that the requirements necessary to maintain the listing of an ETF on a national securities exchange will continue to be met or will remain unchanged.
Futures and Options Risk: Risks associated with investments in futures and options include the risk that the futures or options contract will not fully offset the underlying position and that the investments in futures and options used for risk management may not have the intended effects and may result in losses or missed opportunities. The risk of loss of money from futures contracts and options on futures contracts used for non-hedging purposes may be greater than that of investments for hedging purposes.
Geopolitical/Natural Disaster Risk: Global economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely affect issuers in another country or region. Geopolitical and other risks, including war, terrorism, trade disputes, political or economic dysfunction within some nations, public health crises and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. Changes in trade policies and international trade agreements could affect the economies of many countries in unpredictable ways. Epidemics and/or pandemics, such as the coronavirus (or COVID-19), may result in, among other things, closing borders, disruptions to healthcare service preparation and delivery, quarantines, cancellations, disruptions to supply chains and consumer activity, as well as general concern and uncertainty. The impact may be short-term or may last for extended periods.
The COVID-19 pandemic, which has spread rapidly across the world, has led and will continue to lead for an unknown period of time to disruptions in local, regional, national and global markets and economies. Among other things, the outbreak has resulted in, and until fully resolved is likely to continue to result in, among other things (1) government imposition of various forms of “stay at home” orders and the closing of “non-essential” businesses, resulting in significant disruption to the businesses of many issuers as well as lay-offs of employees; (2) increased requests by issuers of debt instruments for amendments and waivers of agreements to avoid default and increased defaults; (3) volatility and disruption of markets, including greater volatility in pricing and spreads; and (4) rapidly evolving proposals and/or actions by state and federal governments to address problems being experienced by the markets and by businesses and the economy in general.
Impact of Activity by Other Shareholders: The Fund, like all mutual funds, pools the investments of many investors. Actions by one shareholder or multiple shareholders may have an impact on the Fund and, therefore, indirectly on other shareholders. For example, significant levels of new

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investments in the Fund by shareholders may cause the Fund to have more cash than would otherwise be the case, which might have a positive or negative impact on Fund performance. Similarly, redemption activity might cause the Fund to sell portfolio securities, which may increase transaction costs and might generate a capital gain or loss, or cause it to borrow funds on a short-term basis to cover redemptions, which would cause the Fund to incur costs that, in effect, would be borne by all shareholders, not just the redeeming shareholders. Shareholder purchase and redemption activity also may affect the per share amount of the Fund’s distributions of its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, thereby affecting the tax burden on the Fund’s shareholders subject to federal income tax. To the extent a larger shareholder (including, for example, an Affiliated Fund that operates as a fund-of-funds or 529 college savings plan) is permitted to invest in the Fund, the Fund may experience large inflows or outflows of cash from time to time. This activity could magnify these adverse effects on the Fund.
Information Technology and Operations Risk: Markets and market participants are increasingly reliant upon both publicly available and proprietary information data systems. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies, unauthorized use or access, and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems and may have an adverse impact upon a single issuer, a group of issuers, or the market at large. The information technology and other operational systems upon which a Fund's service providers rely may be subject to cyber attack or other technological disruptions, and could otherwise disrupt the ability of these service providers to perform essential tasks for the Funds. In certain cases, an exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on either specific securities or even the entire market, which may result in the Fund being, among other things, unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments or accurately price its investments.
Interest Rate Risk: The Fund is subject to the risk that the market value of the bonds in its portfolio will fluctuate because of changes in interest rates, changes in supply of and demand for investment securities, or other market factors. Bond prices generally are linked to the prevailing market interest rates. In general, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall; and conversely, when interest rates fall, bond prices rise. The price volatility of a bond also depends on its duration. Duration is a measure that relates the expected price volatility of a bond to changes in interest rates. The duration of a bond may be shorter than or equal to the full maturity of a bond. Generally, the longer the duration of a bond, the greater is its sensitivity to interest rates. Bonds with longer durations have more risk and will decrease in price as interest rates rise. For example, a bond with a duration of three years will decrease in value by approximately 3% if interest rates increase by 1%. To compensate investors for this higher interest rate risk, bonds with longer durations generally offer higher yields than bonds with shorter durations.

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If interest rates increase, the yield of the Fund may increase and the market value of the Fund’s securities may decline, adversely affecting the Fund’s NAV and total return.
If interest rates decrease, the yield of the Fund may decrease and the market value of the Fund’s securities may increase, which may increase the Fund’s NAV and total return.
Changes in government monetary policy, including changes in a central bank’s (e.g., the U.S. Federal Reserve (the “Fed”)) implementation of specific policy goals, may have a substantial impact on interest rates, which in turn can significantly impact the value of the Fund’s investments. There can be no assurance that a central bank’s policy will be continued, discontinued or changed, or that any such policy will have the desired effect. A central bank’s policy changes and related market speculation as to the timing of potential interest rate changes may expose fixed-income markets to heightened volatility and may reduce liquidity for certain Fund investments, causing the value of the Fund’s investments and share price to decline. For example, market developments and other factors, including a general rise in interest rates, have the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed-income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of fixed-income securities. Such a move, coupled with a reduction in the ability or willingness of dealers and other institutional investors to buy or hold fixed-income securities, may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed-income markets. Heavy redemptions of fixed-income mutual funds and decreased liquidity of fixed-income securities could hurt the Fund’s performance.
Decisions by the Fed regarding interest rate and monetary policy can have a significant effect on the value of debt securities as well as the overall strength of the U.S. economy. Precise interest rate predictions are difficult to make, and interest rates may change unexpectedly and dramatically in response to extreme changes in market or economic conditions. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the U.S. and abroad, and central banks have reduced rates further in an effort to combat the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Extremely low or negative interest rates may become more prevalent or may not work as intended. As there is little precedent for this situation, the impact on various markets that interest rate or other significant policy changes may have is unknown.
Legislative Risk: The Fund is subject to legislative risk, which is the risk that new government policies may affect the value of the investments held by the Fund in ways we cannot anticipate and that such policies will have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments and the Fund’s NAV.
Liquidity Risk: Certain securities held by the Fund may be difficult (or impossible) to sell at the time and at the price the Fund would like due to a variety of factors, including general market conditions, the perceived financial strength of the issuer, or specific restrictions on resale of the securities.

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Consequently, the Fund may have to hold these securities longer than it would like and may forgo other investment opportunities. It also is possible that the Fund could be prevented from realizing capital gains or could be forced to incur capital losses if the Adviser is unable to sell a position at the time or price of the Adviser’s choosing. Lack of liquidity may impact valuation of such securities and the Fund’s NAV adversely, especially during times of financial distress. In addition, the Fund may not be able to raise cash when needed or may be forced to sell other investments to raise cash, which could impact the Fund’s performance negatively. Infrequent trading of securities also may lead to an increase in price volatility. Liquidity is a general investment risk that potentially could impact any security, but funds that invest in privately placed securities, certain small-company securities, high-yield bonds, mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities, foreign or emerging-market securities, derivatives, or other structured investments, which all have experienced periods of illiquidity, generally are subject to greater liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in these types of securities.
Market Risk: The Fund is subject to market risk, which is the possibility that the value of the Fund’s investments will decline regardless of the success or failure of a company’s operations. A company’s stock and bond prices in general may decline over short or even extended periods, regardless of the success or failure of a company’s operations. Markets tend to run in cycles, with periods when prices generally go up and periods when prices generally go down. Equity securities tend to be more volatile than debt securities.
High-Yield/Junk Bond Risk: Fixed-income securities rated below investment grade (“junk” or high-yield bonds) should be regarded as speculative because their issuers are more susceptible to financial setbacks and recession than more creditworthy companies. High-yield bond issuers include small companies lacking the history or capital to merit investment-grade status, former blue chip companies downgraded because of financial problems, and firms with heavy debt loads. Many issuers of high-yield securities have characteristics (including, but not limited to, high levels of debt, an untested business plan, significant competitive and technological challenges, legal, and political risks) which cast doubt on their ability to honor their financial obligations. They may be unable to pay interest when due or return all the principal amount of their debt obligations at maturity. If the Fund invests in securities whose issuers develop unexpected credit problems, the Fund’s NAV could decline. Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capability to make principal and interest payments on these securities than is the case for higher-rated securities.
Options Strategy Risk: The Fund could experience a loss in the options portion of the portfolio, particularly during periods when market values are increasing but market volatility is high. When it sells index or ETF call options, the Fund receives cash but limits its opportunity to profit from an increase in the market value of its stock portfolio. When the Fund purchases index or ETF put options, it risks the loss of the cash paid for the options. At

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times, the Fund may not own put options, which increases exposure to a market decline. When the Fund simultaneously buys index put options and also sells index put options to fund the purchases, resulting in an index put spread, the Fund has increased exposure to further market decline if the market price of the index falls below the strike price of the short index put option.
Prepayment and Extension Risk: As a mutual fund investing in mortgage-backed securities, the Fund is subject to prepayment risk for these securities, which is the possibility that prepayments of mortgage-backed securities in the Fund’s portfolio will require reinvestment at lower interest rates, resulting in less interest income to the Fund. Mortgage-backed securities pay regularly scheduled payments of principal along with interest payments. In addition, mortgagors generally have the option of paying off their mortgages without penalty at any time. For example, when a mortgaged property is sold, the old mortgage is usually prepaid. Also, when interest rates fall, the mortgagor may refinance the mortgage and prepay the old mortgage. A homeowner’s default on the mortgage also may cause a prepayment of the mortgage. This unpredictability of the mortgage’s cash flow is called prepayment risk. For the investor, prepayment risk usually means that principal is received at the least opportune time. For example, when interest rates fall, homeowners will find it advantageous to refinance their mortgages and prepay principal. In this case, the investor is forced to reinvest the principal at the current, lower rates.
Reinvestment at lower rates tends to reduce the interest payments received by the Fund and, therefore, the size of the dividend payments available to shareholders. On the other hand, when interest rates rise, homeowners generally will not refinance their mortgages and prepayments will fall. This causes the average life of the mortgage to extend and be more sensitive to interest rates, which is sometimes called extension risk. In addition, the amount of principal the investor has to invest in these higher interest rates is reduced.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”) Investment Risk: There is a risk that the Fund’s investment in REITs will decrease because of a decline in real estate values. Investing in REITs may subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. Additionally, REITs are dependent upon the capabilities of the REIT manager(s), have limited diversification, may be particularly sensitive to economic downturns or changes in interest rates, real estate values, cash flows of underlying real estate assets, occupancy rates, zoning laws, and tax laws. Because REITs are pooled investment vehicles that have expenses of their own, the Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of those expenses.
Redemption Risk: The Fund may experience periods of heavy redemptions that could cause the Fund to sell assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value. Redemption risk is heightened during periods of declining or illiquid markets. Heavy redemptions could hurt the Fund's performance.

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Market developments and other factors, including a general rise in interest rates, have the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed-income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from mutual funds that hold large amounts of fixed-income securities. The market making capacity of dealers has been reduced in recent years, in part as a result of structural changes, such as fewer proprietary trading desks at broker-dealers and increased regulatory capital requirements. In addition, significant securities market disruptions related to outbreaks of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have led to dislocation in the market for a variety of fixed income securities (including, without limitation, commercial paper, corporate debt securities, certificates of deposit, asset-backed debt securities and municipal obligations), which has decreased liquidity and sharply reduced returns. Increased redemptions from mutual funds that hold large amounts of fixed income securities, coupled with a reduction in the ability or willingness of dealers and other institutional investors to buy or hold fixed-income securities, may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed-income markets.
Repurchase Agreement Risk: Repurchase agreements carry several risks. Although transactions must be fully collateralized at all times, they generally create leverage and involve some counterparty risk to the Fund, in that a defaulting counterparty could delay or prevent the Fund’s recovery of collateral. For example, if the other party to a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligation under the agreement, the Fund may suffer delays and incur costs or lose money in exercising its rights under the agreement. If the seller fails to repurchase the security and the market value of the security declines, the Fund may suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from the sale of the underlying securities and other collateral held by the Fund are less than the repurchase price.
Securities Lending Risk: The Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other institutions on a fully collateralized basis. There is a risk of delay in recovering a loaned security and/or risk of loss in collateral if the borrower becomes insolvent. There also is risk of loss if the borrower defaults and fails to return the loaned securities. The Fund could incur losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral from the loan, if the value of the short-term investments acquired with the cash collateral is less than the amount of cash collateral required to be returned to the borrower.
U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprises (“GSEs”) Risk: While mortgage-backed securities, the value of which may be impacted by factors affecting the housing market, and other securities issued by certain GSEs, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, securities issued by other GSEs are supported only by the right of the GSE (including the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) and the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)) to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase

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the GSEs’ obligations, or by the credit of the issuing agency, instrumentality, or corporation, and are neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support if these organizations do not have the funds to meet future payment obligations. Therefore, if such a GSE were to default on its obligations, the Fund might not be able to recover its investment. GSEs also may be subject to Credit Risk and Interest Rate Risk. In September of 2008, the U.S. Treasury placed Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae under conservatorship and appointed the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) as their regulator. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae currently remain under conservatorship. In addition, the U.S. Treasury entered into purchase agreements with Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae to provide them with capital in exchange for senior preferred stock. While these arrangements are intended to ensure that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac can continue to meet their obligations, it is possible that actions by the U.S. Treasury, FHFA, or others could adversely impact the value of the Fund’s investments in securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This prospectus does not tell you about every policy or risk of investing in the Fund. For additional information about the Fund's investment policies and the types of securities in which the Fund's assets may be invested, you may request a copy of the Fund's SAI (the back cover of this prospectus tells you how to do this).
Portfolio Holdings
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund's portfolio securities is available in the Fund's SAI, which is available upon request.
Fund Management
Effective July 1, 2019, Victory Capital Management Inc. (the “Adviser”), a New York corporation that is registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) serves as the investment adviser to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement. The Adviser’s principal address is 15935 La Cantera Pkwy, Building Two, San Antonio, Texas 78256. The Fund is one of 47 mutual funds offered by USAA Mutual Funds Trust (the “Trust”). Prior to July 1, 2019, USAA Asset Management Company (“AMCO”) served as the Fund's investment adviser. Subject to the authority of the Board, the Adviser is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Fund business affairs. The Adviser is responsible for selecting each Fund’s investments according to its investment objective, policies, and restrictions. As of March 31, 2020, the Adviser managed assets totaling in excess of $124 billion for numerous clients

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including large corporate and public retirement plans, Taft-Hartley plans, foundations and endowments, high net worth individuals and mutual funds.
The Fund’s Board has the overall responsibility for overseeing the management of the Fund. A discussion regarding the basis of the Board’s approval of the Fund’s Advisory Agreement is available in the Fund’s semi annual report to shareholders for the period ended June 30.
The Adviser is a multi-boutique asset manager comprised of multiple investment teams, referred to as investment franchises, each of which utilizes an independent approach to investment. USAA Investments, A Victory Capital Investment Franchise, is responsible for the day-to-day investment management of the Fund.
The Fund’s investment management fee is comprised of a base investment management fee and a performance adjustment. The base investment management fee, which is accrued daily and paid monthly, is equal to an annualized rate of 0.24% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.
The performance adjustment is calculated separately for each class of shares on a monthly basis and will be added to or subtracted from the base investment management fee depending upon the performance of the respective share class relative to the performance of a Lipper Index over the performance period. The performance adjustment for each class is calculated monthly by comparing the Fund’s performance to that of the Lipper Ultra Short Obligations Funds Index, which measures the performance of funds tracked by Lipper that invest at least 65% of their assets in investment-grade debt issues, or better, and maintain a portfolio dollar-weighted average maturity between 91 days and 365 days. The performance period for each share class consists of the current month plus the previous 35 months (or the number of months beginning July 1, 2019, if fewer). The adjustment rate is determined as referenced in the following chart:
Over/Under Performance
Relative to Index
(in basis points)1
Annual Adjustment Rate
(in basis points as a percentage
of the Fund’s average daily net assets)1
+/– 20 to 50 +/– 4
+/– 51 to 100 +/– 5
+/– 101 and greater +/– 6
1 Based on the difference between average annual performance of the relevant share class of the Fund and its relevant Lipper index, rounded to the nearest basis point. Average daily net assets of the relevant share class are calculated over a rolling 36-month period.
To determine the amount of the performance adjustment, the annual performance adjustment rate is multiplied by the average daily net assets of each respective share class over the entire performance period, which then is multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the month and the denominator of which is 365 (366 in leap years). The resulting

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amount then is added to (in the case of overperformance) or subtracted from (in the case of underperformance) the base investment management fee.
Under the performance fee arrangement, each share class of the Fund will pay a positive performance fee adjustment for a performance period whenever the class outperforms the Lipper Ultra Short Obligations Funds Index over that period, even if the class had overall negative returns during the performance period.
Under the investment advisory agreement with the Adviser that took effect on July 1, 2019, no performance adjustments will be made for the period beginning July 1, 2019, through June 30, 2020. Only performance beginning as of July 1, 2019, and thereafter will be utilized in calculating future performance adjustments.
For the period from January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2019, AMCO was paid the base investment management fee for each share class and a performance adjustment that decreased the base investment management fee of 0.24% by (0.02)% for the Fund Shares, and by (0.01%) for the Institutional Shares and R6 Shares. For the period from July 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, the Manager received management fees, which included no performance adjustments.
See Fees and Expenses in this Prospectus for information about any contractual agreement agreed to by the Adviser to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses with respect to the Fund. From time to time, the Adviser also may voluntarily waive fees and/or reimburse expenses in amounts exceeding those required to be waived or reimbursed under any contractual agreement that may be in place with respect to the Fund.
The Fund is authorized, although the Adviser has no present intention of utilizing such authority, to use a “manager-of-managers” structure. The Adviser could select (with approval of the Board and without shareholder approval) one or more subadvisers to manage the day-to-day investment of the Fund's assets. The Adviser would monitor each subadviser’s performance through quantitative and qualitative analysis and periodically report to the Board as to whether a subadviser’s agreement should be renewed, terminated, or modified. The Adviser also would be responsible for determining how the Fund's assets should be allocated to the subadvisers. The allocation for a subadviser could range from 0% to 100% of the Fund's assets, and the Adviser could change the allocations without shareholder approval.
Portfolio Managers
Douglas J. Rollwitz, CFA, CPA, Victory Capital Portfolio Manager-USAA Investments, A Victory Capital Investment Franchise, has co-managed the Fund since May 2018. Mr. Rollwitz has 19 years of investment management experience including 22 years with AMCO, which was acquired by the Adviser’s parent company in 2019. Education: B.B.A., University of Texas at

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San Antonio; M.B.A., University of Texas at Arlington. He holds the CFA designation and is a member of the CFA Institute and the San Antonio Financial Analysts Society.
Brian W. Smith, CFA, CPA, Victory Capital Senior Portfolio Manager–USAA Investments, A Victory Capital Investment Franchise, has co-managed the Fund since May 2018. Mr. Smith has 19 years of investment management experience including 33 years with AMCO, which was acquired by the Adviser’s parent company in 2019. Education: B.B.A., University of Texas at San Antonio; M.B.A., University of Texas at San Antonio. He holds the CFA designation and is a member of the CFA Institute and the CFA Society of San Antonio.
James F. Jackson, CFA, Victory Capital Senior Portfolio Manager and Head of Fixed Income Portfolio Management–USAA Investments, A Victory Capital Investment Franchise, has co-managed the Fund since July 2019. Mr. Jackson has 19 years of investment management experience including 10 years with AMCO, which was acquired by the Adviser’s parent company in 2019. Education: M.B.A. with High Distinction, Ross School of Business, University of Michigan and a B.S., United States Naval Academy. He holds the CFA designation and is a member of the CFA Institute and the CFA Society of San Antonio.
R. Neal Graves, CFA, CPA, Victory Capital Senior Portfolio Manager–USAA Investments, A Victory Capital Investment Franchise, has co-managed the Fund since July 2019 . Mr. Graves has 25 years of finance related experience including 19 years of investment management experience with AMCO, which was acquired by the Adviser’s parent company in 2019. Education: Master in Professional Accounting, University of Texas at Austin and a B.B.A., University of Texas at Austin. He holds the CFA designation and is a member of the CFA Institute and the CFA Society of San Antonio.
The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers' compensation, other accounts managed, and ownership of Fund securities.
Purchases
OPENING AN ACCOUNT WITH THE FUND
You may purchase shares directly from the Fund or through certain investment professionals (e.g., financial intermediaries) as described below. You may call toll free at (800) 235-8396, Monday through Friday, 7:30 a.m. to 8 p.m., and Saturday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Central time, to inquire about opening an account with us. If you already have an account with us, you will not need to fill out another application to invest in another fund, including other funds managed by the Adviser (together with the Fund, we refer to these as the “Affiliated Funds” or so simply as the “Funds”), unless the registration is different or we need further information to verify your identity.

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As required by federal law, we must obtain certain information from you prior to opening an account with us. If we are unable to verify your identity, we may refuse to open your account, or we may open your account and take certain actions without prior notice to you, including restricting account transactions pending verification of your identity. If we subsequently are unable to verify your identity, we may close your account and return to you the value of your shares at the next calculated NAV. We prohibit opening accounts for certain investors, including but not limited to, foreign financial institutions, shell banks, correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks, and correspondent accounts for foreign financial institutions. A “foreign shell bank” is a foreign bank without a physical presence in any country. A “correspondent account” is an account established for a foreign bank to receive deposits from, or to make payments or other disbursements on behalf of, the foreign bank, or to handle other financial transactions related to such foreign bank.
A fund or any class may be closed at any time for failure to achieve an economical level of assets or for other reasons.
TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
Each shareholder named on an account with us must provide a Social Security number or other taxpayer identification number to avoid “backup” tax withholding required by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). See the section titled Taxes for additional tax information.
SHARE CLASSES
Shares of the Fund are only available for sale in the United States and certain other areas subject to U.S. jurisdiction and may not be offered for sale in non-U.S. jurisdictions. Investors residing outside of the United States (except those with Air/Army Post Office (“APO”), Fleet Post Office (“FPO”), or Diplomatic Post Office (“DPO”) addresses) generally may not purchase shares of the Fund, even if they are U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents.
We reserve the right, without notice, to change the eligibility criteria for purchasing a particular share class. For example, a class of shares may be available to purchase only by retirement plans or by institutional investors. We may also waive any applicable eligibility criteria or investment minimums at our discretion.
Fund Shares:
The Fund Shares are a separate share class of the Fund and are not a separate mutual fund. You may open an account directly with the Fund and purchase Fund Shares on the Internet, by telephone, or by mail. Fund Shares also are available through certain financial intermediaries.

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If Fund Shares are purchased through a retirement account or a financial intermediary, the policies and procedures relating to these purchases may differ from those discussed in this prospectus. Additional fees also may apply to your investment in the Fund, including a transaction fee, if you buy or sell shares of the Fund through a broker or other investment professional. For more information on these fees, check with your investment professional.
Institutional Shares:
The Institutional Shares are a separate share class of the Fund and are not a separate mutual fund. The Institutional Shares are available for investment through a USAA discretionary managed account program, and through certain advisory programs sponsored by financial intermediaries, such as brokerage firms, investment advisors, financial planners, third-party administrators, and insurance companies. Institutional Shares also are available to institutional investors, which include retirement plans, endowments, foundations, and bank trusts, as well as Affiliated Funds, and other persons or legal entities that the Fund may approve from time to time.
R6 Shares:
The R6 Shares are a separate share class of the Fund and are not a separate mutual fund. Class R6 shares may only be purchased by or through:
Endowment funds and foundations;
Retirement plans, including Section 401 and 457 plans, section 403 plans sponsored by a section 501(c)(3) organization, employer sponsored benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and certain non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that operate in a similar manner to qualified plans;
Advisory programs with an approved financial intermediary in which the financial intermediary typically charges the investor a fee based upon the value of the account; and
Registered investment companies.
Such investments may be subject to additional rules or requirements of the applicable Advisory Program.
The R6 Shares are not available to retail accounts, traditional or Roth IRAs, SEPs, SARSEPs, SIMPLE IRAs, or 529 college savings plans.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
Your ability to purchase, exchange, redeem, and transfer shares will be affected by the policies of the financial intermediary through which you do business. Some policy differences may include: minimum investment requirements, exchange policies, fund choices, cutoff time for investments, and trading restrictions.

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In addition, your financial intermediary may charge a transaction or other fee for the purchase or sale of shares of the Fund. Those charges are retained by the financial intermediary and are not shared with us. Please contact your financial intermediary or plan sponsor for a complete description of its policies.
Copies of the Fund's annual report, semiannual report, and SAI are available from your financial intermediary or plan sponsor.
MINIMUM INITIAL PURCHASE
Fund Shares:
$3,000. However, financial intermediaries may set different investment minimums, and the Fund reserves the right to waive or lower purchase minimums in certain circumstances.
Institutional Shares:
$1 million. However, the Fund reserves the right to waive or lower purchase minimums in certain circumstances.
R6 Shares:
There is no minimum initial investment amount for R6 Shares. However, financial intermediaries or plan recordkeepers may require plans to meet different investment minimums.
ADDITIONAL PURCHASES
Fund Shares:
$50 minimum per transaction, per account.
Institutional Shares:
There is no subsequent purchase minimum for investments in Institutional Shares through any applicable discretionary managed account or similar investment program and/or certain USAA products.
R6 Shares:
There is no subsequent purchase minimum for investments in R6 Shares. However, financial intermediaries or plan recordkeepers may require participants to meet different subsequent purchase requirements.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF PURCHASE
When you make a purchase, your purchase price will be the NAV per share next calculated after we or the financial intermediary receive your request in “proper form” as provided in the section titled Important Transaction Information. The Fund's NAV per share is calculated as of the close of the regular trading session (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time) of the New York Stock

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Exchange (“NYSE”) each day it is open for trading. If we or the financial intermediary receive your purchase request in proper form prior to that time, your purchase price will be the NAV per share calculated for that day. If we or the financial intermediary receive your purchase request in proper form after that time, the purchase price will be the NAV per share calculated as of the close of the next regular trading session of the NYSE.
The Fund or the Fund's distributor or transfer agent may enter into agreements with Servicing Agents (such as financial intermediaries or plan sponsors), which hold shares of the Fund in omnibus accounts for their customers, under which the Servicing Agents are authorized to receive orders for shares of the Fund on the Fund’s behalf. Under these arrangements, the Fund will be deemed to have received an order when an authorized Servicing Agent receives the order. Accordingly, customer orders will be priced at the Fund’s NAV per share next calculated after they are received by an authorized Servicing Agent even though the orders may be transmitted to the Fund by the Servicing Agent after the time the Fund calculates its NAV.
PAYMENT
If you hold an account directly with the Fund and you plan to purchase shares from us with a check, the instrument must be written in U.S. dollars and drawn on a U.S. bank. In addition, initial purchases into an account by electronic funds transfer or check may be held for up to 30 days before any redemptions may be processed. We do not accept the following foreign instruments: checks, money orders, traveler’s checks, or other similar instruments. In addition, we do not accept cash or coins. If you plan to purchase shares through a financial intermediary, please check with that financial intermediary regarding acceptable forms of payment.
Redemptions
For federal income tax purposes, a redemption of shares of the Fund is a taxable event, upon which you may recognize a capital gain or loss (unless you hold the shares of the Fund in a tax-deferred account or are a tax-exempt investor). A capital gain or loss is based on the difference between your basis in the redeemed shares and the proceeds you receive upon their redemption. See the section titled Taxes for information regarding basis election and reporting.
The Fund may elect to suspend the redemption of shares or postpone the date of payment in limited circumstances (e.g., if the NYSE is closed or when permitted by order of the SEC).
Under normal market conditions, the Fund typically expects to meet redemption requests by paying out proceeds from cash or cash equivalent portfolio holdings, or by selling portfolio holdings. Under deteriorating market conditions or market stress, the Fund also may borrow from a line of credit to

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which the Fund and certain other Affiliated Funds are parties. The Fund and the other Affiliated Funds are limited as to the amount that each may individually and collectively borrow under the line of credit. As a result, borrowings available to the Fund may be insufficient to satisfy Fund redemption requests. In addition, the Fund reserves the right to honor redemption orders wholly or partly with in-kind distributions of Fund portfolio securities instead of cash.
REDEEMING SHARES
Fund Shares:
If you have a direct account with the Fund, you may redeem Fund Shares on the Internet, by telephone, or by mail on any day the NAV per share is calculated. Shareholders will receive a redemption price of the NAV per share next calculated after we receive your request in “proper form” as provided in the section titled Important Transaction Information. If we receive your redemption request in proper form prior to the close of the NYSE’s regular trading session (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time), your redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated for that day. If we receive the redemption request after that time, the redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated as of the close of the next regular trading session of the NYSE.
The Fund has undertaken certain authentication procedures regarding telephone transactions and will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. Before any discussion regarding your account, we will obtain certain information from you to verify your identity. Additionally, your telephone calls may be recorded or monitored, and confirmations of account transactions are sent to the address of record or by electronic delivery to your designated e-mail address.
If you hold Fund Shares through an account directly with the Fund, the Fund typically expects to pay out redemption proceeds on the next business day after your order is received in proper form; however, it may take up to seven days to send your proceeds. Payment for redemption of shares purchased by electronic funds transfer (“EFT”) or check will be sent after the EFT or check has cleared, which could take up to 30 days from the initial purchase date into the Fund and, for any subsequent purchases into the Fund, seven business days from the purchase date.
If you hold Fund Shares with a financial intermediary, please contact your financial intermediary regarding redemption policies. Generally, any redemption request you place with your financial intermediary in proper form prior to the close of the NYSE (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time) will receive the NAV per share calculated for that day, subject to the financial intermediary’s applicable policies and procedures. Normally, the Fund transmits proceeds to intermediaries for redemption orders that are received in proper form on the next business day after receipt. Under certain

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circumstances and when deemed to be in the Fund’s best interests, proceeds may not be sent to intermediaries for up to seven days after receipt of the redemption order.
Institutional Shares:
Institutional Shares will receive a redemption price of the NAV per share next calculated after we receive the redemption request in “proper form” as provided in the section titled Important Transaction Information. If we receive the redemption request in proper form prior to the close of the NYSE’s regular trading session (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time), the redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated for that day. If we receive the redemption request after that time, the redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated as of the close of the next regular trading session of the NYSE. The Fund typically expects to pay out redemption proceeds on the next business day after your order is received in proper form; however, it may take up to seven days to send your proceeds.
R6 Shares:
R6 Shares generally may be purchased or redeemed only through employer-sponsored retirement plans where a financial intermediary provides retirement recordkeeping services to plan participants. Check with your financial intermediary or plan sponsor for its policies on redemptions. Shareholders of R6 Shares will receive a redemption price of the NAV per share next calculated after we receive the redemption request, prior to the close of the NYSE’s regular trading session (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time), in “proper form,” as provided in the section titled Important Transaction Information. The redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated for that day. If we receive the redemption request after that time, the redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated as of the close of the next regular trading session of the NYSE. Normally, the Fund transmits proceeds to intermediaries and eligible institutional investors (foundations and endowment funds) for redemption orders received in proper form on the next business day after receipt. Under certain circumstances and when deemed to be in the Fund’s best interests, proceeds may not be sent to intermediaries for up to seven days after receipt of the redemption order.
Converting Shares
CONVERTING FROM INSTITUTIONAL SHARES TO FUND SHARES
If you no longer meet the eligibility requirements to invest in Institutional Shares (e.g., you terminate participation in a USAA discretionary management account program), we may convert your Institutional Shares to Fund Shares. The Fund will notify you before any such conversion to Fund Shares occurs.

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OTHER CONVERSIONS
The Fund also may provide for other conversion privileges from time to time under which a shareholder of the Fund may convert shares into another class of shares of the same Fund under certain circumstances, subject to approval by the Fund’s officers. For example, subject to approval by the Fund’s officers, a shareholder may convert shares of one class of the Fund held through an eligible advisory program into shares of another class of the Fund (if available) with a lower expense ratio, provided that following the conversion the shareholder meets applicable eligibility requirements for the class into which the shareholder seeks to convert (as described in this prospectus).
PRICING
When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class of a fund for shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs per share of the two share classes. A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a non-taxable event.
Conversions are not subject to the Fund's restrictions on short-term trading activity discussed under the section titled Excessive Short-Term Trading in this prospectus.
Exchanges
For federal income tax purposes, an exchange between funds is a taxable event, upon which you may recognize a capital gain or loss (unless you hold the shares of the Fund in a tax-deferred account or are a tax-exempt investor). Such a gain or loss is based on the difference, if any, between your basis in the exchanged shares and the aggregate NAV of the shares you receive in the exchange. See the section titled Taxes for information regarding basis election and reporting.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
You may exchange shares between funds in the USAA family of funds, provided the shares to be acquired are offered in your state of residence. The Fund, however, reserves the right to terminate or change the terms of an exchange offer.
If you have opened an account directly with the Fund, you may make exchanges on usaa.com or on mobile.usaa.com. After we receive the exchange orders, the Fund’s transfer agent will simultaneously process

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exchange redemptions and purchases at the share prices next calculated pursuant to the procedures set forth herein. See the section titled Effective Date of Purchase for additional information. The investment minimums applicable to share purchases also apply to exchanges.
If you hold shares of the Fund in an account with a financial intermediary or plan sponsor, the policies and procedures on an exchange may differ from those discussed in this prospectus. Additional fees also may apply to your investment in the Fund, including a transaction fee, if you buy, sell, or exchange shares of the Fund through a broker or other investment professional. For more information on these fees, check with your investment professional.
Other Important Information About Purchases, Redemptions, and Exchanges
Contacting the USAA Funds
The following features may be available to you to purchase, redeem, and exchange shares of the Fund you hold in an account opened directly with the Fund. Effective on or about July 6, 2020, all website transactions should be placed online at vcm.com.
Internet Access
Review account information and make most account transactions. This includes making purchases, exchanges, and redemptions; reviewing account activity; checking balances; and more.
Mobile Access
Review account information and make most account transactions.
Telephone System (800) 235-8396
Access account information and make most account transactions.
Telephone
Call toll free (800) 235-8396 Monday – Friday, 7:30 a.m. to 8 p.m.
and Saturday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Central time, to speak with a member service representative. However, we reserve the right to modify these hours in our discretion as circumstances warrant.

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Mail
If you would like to make a purchase or request a redemption by mail, send your written instructions to:
Regular Mail:
USAA Mutual Funds
P.O. Box 182593
Columbus, OH 43218-2593
Registered or Express Mail:
USAA Mutual Funds
4249 Easton Way
Suite 400
Columbus, OH 43219
Bank Wire
To add to your account or request a redemption by bank wire, visit the usaa.com website or call (800) 235-8396 for instructions. This helps to ensure that your account will be credited or debited promptly and correctly.
Electronic Funds Transfer
Additional purchases on a regular basis may be deducted electronically from a bank account. Sign up for these services when opening an account, visit the usaa.com website or call (800) 235-8396 for assistance.
Checkwriting
Shareholders invested in the Fund through an account with the Fund's transfer agent may request that checks be issued for their accounts. You will not be charged for the use of checks or any subsequent reorders. You may write checks in the amount of $250 or more. Checks written for less than $250 may be returned unpaid. We reserve the right to assess a processing fee against your account for any redemption check not honored by a clearing or paying agent. Because the value of your account changes daily as dividends accrue, you may not write a check to close your account.
IMPORTANT TRANSACTION INFORMATION
Purchase, redemption, and exchange requests are not processed until received in proper form. “Proper form” means actual receipt of the order along with all information and supporting documentation necessary to effect the transaction. Complete information may include any verification or confirmation of identity that the Fund's transfer agent or other authorized Fund agent may request. For

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purchase requests, “proper form” also generally includes receipt of sufficient funds to effect the purchase. The Fund, its transfer agent, or any authorized Fund agent may, in its sole discretion, determine whether any particular transaction request is in good order and reserve the right to change or waive any good order requirement at any time. Financial intermediaries may have their own requirements for recognizing a transaction in proper form or good order. If you hold your shares through a financial intermediary, please contact them for specific proper form or good order requirements.
IRA DISTRIBUTION FEE
The Fund may apply a distribution fee to all full IRA distributions, except for those due to death, disability, or divorce. Partial IRA distributions are not charged a distribution fee.
ACCOUNT BALANCE
Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc., the Fund's transfer agent, may assess annually a small balance account fee of $12 to each shareholder account with a balance of less than $2,000 at the time of assessment. Accounts exempt from the fee include: (1) any account regularly purchasing additional shares each month through an automatic investment plan; (2) any UGMA/UTMA account; (3) all (non-IRA) money market fund accounts; (4) any account whose registered owner has an aggregate balance of $50,000 or more invested in Affiliated Funds; and (5) all IRAs (for the first year the account is open). The fee is not currently being assessed. The Fund will provide advance notice in the event it is assessed in the future.
EXCESSIVE SHORT-TERM TRADING
At this time, the Board has not adopted policies designed to prevent excessive short-term trading activity for this Fund because the Fund is designed to accommodate short-term investment activity, including checkwriting by shareholders. The Fund does reserve the right to reject any purchase or exchange order if in the best interest of the Fund, but at this time has not designated categories of short-term trading activity as detrimental to the Fund. In the future, the Fund can adopt such procedures if it determines certain patterns of activity are detrimental to this Fund.
OTHER FUND RIGHTS
The Fund reserves the right to:
Reject or restrict purchase or exchange orders when in the best interest of the Fund;
Limit or discontinue the offering of shares of the Fund without notice to the shareholders;

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Calculate the NAV per share and accept purchase, exchange, and redemption orders on a business day that the NYSE is closed;
Redeem some or all of its shares in kind when in the best interest of the Fund;
Require a signature guarantee for transactions or changes in account information in those instances where the appropriateness of a signature authorization is in question (the SAI contains information on acceptable guarantors);
Redeem an account with less than $500, with certain limitations;
Restrict or liquidate an account when necessary or appropriate to comply with federal law; and
Discontinue or otherwise limit the opening of accounts with us.
Multiple Class Information
The Fund is comprised of multiple classes of shares. Each class shares the Fund's investment objective and investment portfolio. The classes have different fees, expenses, and/or minimum investment requirements. The difference in the fee structures between the classes is primarily the result of their separate arrangements for shareholder and distribution services and performance fee arrangements. It is not the result of any difference in base investment management or custodial fee rate schedules or other expenses related to the management of the Fund's assets, which do not vary by class. Shareholders of R6 Shares do not require the same level of shareholder and administrative services from the Fund as shareholders of the other classes. In addition, the Fund does not pay any service, distribution, or administrative fees to financial intermediaries for R6 Shares. As a result, the R6 Shares pay lower fees. Different fees and expenses will affect performance.
Except as described below, the share classes have identical voting, dividend, liquidation, and other rights, preferences, terms, and conditions. The primary differences between the classes are: (a) each class may be subject to different expenses specific to that class; (b) each class has a different identifying designation or name; (c) each class has exclusive voting rights with respect to matters solely affecting that class; and (d) each class may have different purchase, exchange, and redemption privileges.
Shareholder Information
PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
Certain financial intermediaries perform recordkeeping, networking, administrative, sub-transfer agency, and shareholder services for their clients with respect to their investments in the Fund that otherwise would be

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performed by the Fund’s transfer agent or administrator and shareholder servicing agent. In some circumstances, we, or one of our affiliates, will pay a financial intermediary for these services out of our own resources. In other circumstances, the Fund will pay a fee to the financial intermediary for performing those services. The Fund will not pay financial intermediaries more than it would pay its direct service providers for transfer agency, administration, and/or shareholder services. In cases where intermediary fees are higher due to differences in the services being provided or other factors, the additional amounts will be paid by us and/or the distributor. In addition, these payments generally are based on either (1) a percentage of the average daily net assets of Fund shareholders’ accounts serviced by a financial intermediary or (2) a fixed dollar amount for each account serviced by a financial intermediary. The aggregate amount of these payments may be substantial.
In addition, we and the Fund's distributor may make payments to intermediaries for various additional services, other expenses, and/or the financial intermediaries’ distribution of shares of the Fund. Such payments are sometimes referred to as “revenue sharing” and generally are negotiated with a financial intermediary on the basis of such factors as the number or value of shares of the Fund that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; or the type and nature of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary. Such revenue sharing payments are intended to compensate a financial intermediary for one or more of the following: (1) distribution, which may include expenses incurred by financial intermediaries for their sales activities with respect to the Fund, such as preparing, printing, and distributing sales literature and advertising materials and compensating registered representatives or other employees of such financial intermediaries for their sales activities, as well as the opportunity for the Fund to be made available by such financial intermediaries; (2) shareholder services, such as providing individual and custom investment advisory services to clients of the financial intermediaries; and (3) marketing and promotional services, including business planning assistance, educating personnel about the Fund, including the Fund on preferred or recommended lists or in certain sales programs sponsored by the intermediary, and sponsorship of sales meetings, which may include covering costs of providing speakers. The distributor may sponsor seminars and conferences designed to educate financial intermediaries about the Fund and may cover the expenses associated with attendance at such meetings, including travel costs. These payments and activities are intended to educate financial intermediaries about the Fund and may help defray or compensate the financial intermediary for the costs associated with offering the Fund. We (and our affiliates) also may pay fixed fees for the listing of a Fund on a broker-dealer’s or financial intermediary’s system. Such payments are not considered to be revenue sharing payments.

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The payments also may, to the extent permitted by applicable regulations, contribute to various non-cash and cash incentive arrangements to promote the sale of shares of the Fund, as well as sponsor various educational programs, sales contests and/or promotions. We and the Fund's distributor may, from time to time, provide occasional gifts, meals, tickets or other entertainment, or support for due diligence trips. These payments are in addition to any fees paid by the Fund to compensate financial intermediaries for providing distribution-related services to the Fund and/or shareholder services to Fund shareholders. These payments may be a fixed dollar amount or may be based on a percentage of the value of shares sold to, or held by, customers of the financial intermediary involved. The amount of these payments may be substantial and may differ among financial intermediaries. In addition, certain financial intermediaries may have access to certain services from us or the distributor, including research reports and economic analysis, and portfolio analysis tools. In certain cases, the financial intermediary may not pay for these services. These payments and other arrangements may create a conflict of interest by influencing the financial intermediary to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information. The amount of any payments described by this paragraph is determined by us or the distributor, and all such amounts are paid out of our available assets or the assets of the distributor and do not directly affect the total expense ratio of the Fund.
The Fund does not pay any service, distribution, or administrative fees to financial intermediaries on R6 Shares.
SHARE PRICE CALCULATION
The price at which you purchase and redeem shares of the Fund is equal to the NAV per share calculated on the effective date of the purchase or redemption. The NAV per share is calculated by adding the value of the Fund’s assets (i.e., the value of its investments and other assets), deducting liabilities, and dividing by the number of shares outstanding. Shares of the Fund may be purchased and sold at the NAV per share without a sales charge. The Fund’s NAV per share is calculated as of the close of the NYSE (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time) each day that the NYSE is open for regular trading. The NYSE is closed on most national holidays and Good Friday.
VALUATION OF SECURITIES
The Adviser has established a Pricing and Liquidity Committee (the “Committee”); and subject to Board oversight and approval, the Committee administers and oversees the Fund's valuation policies and procedures. Among other things, these policies and procedures allow the Fund to utilize independent pricing services, quotations from securities dealers, and a wide variety of sources and information to establish and adjust the fair value of securities as events occur and circumstances warrant.

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Debt securities are valued each business day by a pricing service (the “Service”) approved by the Board. The Service uses evaluated bid or the last sales price to price securities when, in the Service’s judgment, these prices are readily available and are representative of the securities' market values. For many securities, such prices are not readily available. The Service generally prices these securities based on methods that include consideration of yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, and type; indications as to values from dealers in securities; and general market conditions.
Short-term debt securities with original or remaining maturities of 60 days or less generally are priced but may be valued at amortized cost, provided that amortized cost represents the fair value of such securities.
Repurchase agreements are valued at cost.
Investments in open-end investment companies, commingled, or other funds, other than ETFs, are valued at their NAV at the end of each business day.
Futures contracts are valued at the settlement price at the close of market on the principal exchange on which they are traded or, in the absence of any transactions that day, the values are based upon the settlement price on the prior trading date.
Options contracts are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices. Options on futures are valued at the settlement price determined by the applicable exchange.
In the event that price quotations or valuations are not readily available, are not reflective of market value, or a significant event has been recognized in relation to a security or class of securities, the securities are valued in good faith, at fair value, by the Committee in accordance with valuation procedures approved by the Board. The effect of fair value pricing is that securities may not be priced on the basis of quotations from the primary market in which they are traded, and the actual price realized from the sale of a security may differ materially from the fair value price. Valuing these securities at fair value is intended to cause the Fund’s NAV to be more reliable than it otherwise would be.
Fair value methods used by the Fund include, but are not limited to, obtaining market quotations from secondary pricing services, broker-dealers, other pricing services, or widely used quotation systems. General factors considered in determining the fair value of securities include fundamental analytical data, the nature and duration of any restrictions on disposition of the securities, evaluation of credit quality, and an evaluation of the forces that influenced the market in which the securities are purchased and sold.
For additional information on how securities are valued, see Valuation of Securities in the Fund's SAI.

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DIVIDENDS AND OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS
Distributions from the Fund’s net investment income (“dividends”) are accrued daily and distributed on the last business day of each month. Daily dividends are declared at the time the NAV per share is calculated. Dividends begin accruing on shares the day following the effective date of purchase and continue to accrue to, and including, the effective date of their redemption. When you choose to receive cash dividends by way of electronic funds transfer, we will send them to you after the distribution date each month.
Ordinarily, any net realized capital gains are distributed in December of each year. The Fund may make additional distributions to shareholders, or may not make a distribution, when considered appropriate or necessary. For example, the Fund could make one or more additional distributions to avoid the imposition of any federal income or excise taxes, or may not make a distribution to limit returns of capital.
The Fund automatically reinvests all dividends and other distributions paid on a share class in additional shares of that class unless you request to receive those distributions by way of electronic funds transfer. The share price for a reinvestment is the NAV per share of the class computed on the ex-distribution date. Any distribution made by the Fund reduces the NAV per share of the class by the amount of the distribution on the ex-distribution date. You should consider carefully the effects of purchasing shares of the Fund shortly before any distribution (as explained below). The Fund will invest in your account, at the current NAV per share, any distribution payment returned to the Fund by your financial institution.
TAXES
The following tax information is quite general and refers to the federal income tax law in effect as of the date of this prospectus.
■    Treatment of the Fund
The Fund, which is treated as a separate corporation for federal tax purposes, has qualified for each past taxable year, and intends to continue to qualify, for treatment as a “regulated investment company” under the Code. By doing so, the Fund (but not its shareholders) is relieved of federal income tax on the part of its investment company taxable income (consisting generally of taxable net investment income, the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss (“net short-term gain”), and net gains and losses from certain foreign currency transactions, if any, all determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid) and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), if any, that it distributes to its shareholders.
■    Shareholder Taxation
Distributions that shareholders receive from the Fund generally are subject to federal income tax and may be subject to state and/or local taxes. Dividends

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and distributions of net short-term gains are taxable to you as ordinary income, whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Fund. A portion of the Fund’s dividends (which is not expected to be substantial) may qualify for (1) the 50% dividends-received deduction available to corporations, and (2) the lower maximum federal income tax rates applicable to “qualified dividend income” of individuals and certain other non-corporate shareholders (each, an “individual shareholder”) who satisfy certain holding period and other restrictions with respect to their shares of the Fund—a maximum of 15% for a single shareholder with taxable income not exceeding $441,450 ($496,600 for married shareholders filing jointly) and 20% for those individual shareholders with taxable income exceeding those respective amounts (which are effective for 2020 and will be adjusted for inflation annually thereafter).
Regardless of the length of time you have held shares of the Fund, distributions of net capital gains that the Fund realizes are taxable to you as long-term capital gains, whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Fund. Those distributions are taxed to individual shareholders at the 15% and 20% tax rates described above.
You may realize a capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes on a redemption or an exchange (which is treated like a redemption for those purposes) of shares of the Fund. Your gain or loss is based on the difference, if any, between your basis in the redeemed (or exchanged) shares and the redemption proceeds (or the aggregate NAV of the shares of the fund into which you exchange) you receive. Any capital gain an individual shareholder recognizes on a redemption or exchange of his or her shares of the Fund that have been held for more than one year will qualify for the 15% and 20% tax rates described above.
In addition, an individual shareholder is subject to a 3.8% federal tax on the lesser of (1) the individual’s “net investment income,” which generally includes taxable distributions the Fund pays and net gains realized on the redemption or exchange of shares of the Fund, or (2) the excess of his or her “modified adjusted gross income” over $200,000 (or $250,000 if married and filing jointly). This tax is in addition to any other taxes due on that income. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the effect, if any, this provision may have on your investment in shares of the Fund.
Your basis in shares of the Fund that you acquired after December 31, 2011, (“Covered Shares”) will be determined in accordance with the Fund’s default method, which is average basis, unless you affirmatively elect in writing (which may be electronic) to use a different acceptable basis determination method, such as a specific identification method. The basis determination method you elect (or the default method) may not be changed with respect to a redemption of Covered Shares after the settlement date of the redemption. You should consult with your tax adviser to determine the best Internal Revenue Service (IRS)-accepted basis determination method.

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■    Withholding
Federal law requires the Fund to withhold (referred to as “backup withholding”) and remit to the U.S. Treasury 24% of (1) dividends, capital gain distributions, and proceeds of redemptions, regardless of the extent to which gain or loss may be realized, otherwise payable to any individual shareholder who fails to furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number and (2) those dividends and distributions otherwise payable to any individual shareholder who:
Underreports dividend or interest income or
Fails to certify that he or she is not subject to backup withholding.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax, and any amounts so withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s federal income tax liability or refunded. To avoid this withholding, you must certify on your application, or on a separate IRS Form W-9 supplied by the Fund's transfer agent, that your taxpayer identification number is correct and you currently are not subject to backup withholding.
■    Reporting
The Fund will report information to you annually concerning the tax status of your dividends and other distributions for federal income tax purposes. In addition, the Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for Covered Shares and indicate whether they had a short-term (one year or less) or long-term (more than one year) holding period. You should consult with your tax adviser to obtain more information about how the basis reporting law applies to you.
SHAREHOLDER MAILINGS
■    Householding
Through our ongoing efforts to help reduce Fund expenses, each household will receive a single copy of the Fund’s most recent shareholder reports and prospectus. You will receive a single copy if you and/or a family member own more than one account in the Fund. This eliminates duplicate copies and saves paper and postage costs for the Fund. However, if you would like to receive individual copies, please contact us; and we will begin your individual delivery within 30 days of your request.
■    Electronic Delivery
Log on to usaa.com and sign up to receive your statements, confirmations, financial reports, tax documents, and prospectuses electronically instead of through the mail.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including, among others, the Fund's adviser, transfer agent, and distributor, who provide services to the Fund. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or “third-party”) beneficiaries of, any of those contractual arrangements, and those contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any individual shareholder or group of shareholders any right to enforce them against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them against the service providers, either directly or on behalf of the Trust or the Fund.
This prospectus provides information concerning the Trust and the Fund that you should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of the Fund. Neither this prospectus nor the related SAI is intended to be, or should be read to give rise to, an agreement or contract between the Trust or the Fund and any investor, or to give rise to any rights in any shareholder or other person other than any rights under federal or state law that may not be waived.
Financial Highlights
The following financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the financial performance of the Fund Shares, Institutional Shares, and R6 Shares for the Fund for the past five years or since inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor of the Fund Shares, Institutional Shares, and R6 Shares would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all income dividends and capital gain distributions).
The information has been derived from financial statements audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, is included in the Fund’s annual report to shareholders, which is available upon request.

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USAA ULTRA SHORT-TERM BOND FUND SHARES
  Year Ended December 31,
  2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $9.89 $9.97 $9.98 $9.94 $10.07
Investment Activities:          
Net Investment Income (Loss) 0.27(b) 0.22 0.16 0.13 0.13
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments 0.16 (0.08) (0.01) 0.04 (0.13)
Total from Investment Activities 0.43 0.14 0.15 0.17 —(d)
Distributions to Shareholders:          
Net Investment Income (0.27) (0.22) (0.16) (0.13) (0.13)
Net Realized Gains from Investments —(d) —(d)
Total Distributions to Shareholders (0.27) (0.22) (0.16) (0.13) (0.13)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $10.05 $9.89 $9.97 $9.98 $9.94
Total Return* 4.37% 1.40% 1.51% 1.73% 0.01%
Ratios/Supplemental Data:          
Net Assets, End of Period (000) $275,168 $283,769 $330,442 $372,155 $426,994
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets^ 0.61% 0.60% 0.58% 0.61% 0.59%
Ratio of Expenses, Excluding Reimbursements to Average Net Assets 0.61% 0.60% 0.58% 0.61% 0.59%
Ratio of Net Investment Income (Loss) to Average Net Assets 2.69% 2.19% 1.60% 1.30% 1.28%
Portfolio Turnover(a) 59% 48% 58%(c) 28% 20%
* Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return.
^ The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limits in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is applied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund’s fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.
(a) Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole without distinguishing between the classes of shares issued.
(b) Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculate using the average daily shares method.
(c) Reflects increased trading activity due to large shareholder outflows.
(d) Amount is less than $0.005.

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USAA ULTRA SHORT-TERM BOND FUND INSTITUTIONAL SHARES
  Year Ended December 31,
  2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $9.89 $9.97 $9.98 $9.94 $10.07
Investment Activities:          
Net Investment Income (Loss) 0.27(b) 0.22 0.15 0.13 0.13
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments 0.16 (0.08) (0.01) 0.04 (0.13)
Total from Investment Activities 0.43 0.14 0.14 0.17 —(d)
Distributions to Shareholders:          
Net Investment Income (0.27) (0.22) (0.15) (0.13) (0.13)
Net Realized Gains from Investments —(d) —(d)
Total Distributions to Shareholders (0.27) (0.22) (0.15) (0.13) (0.13)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $10.05 $9.89 $9.97 $9.98 $9.94
Total Return* 4.43% 1.45% 1.44% 1.69% 0.04%
Ratios/Supplemental Data:          
Net Assets, End of Period (000) $9,842 $8,433 $7,115 $18,710 $22,454
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets^ 0.55% 0.55% 0.64%(e) 0.66% 0.57%
Ratio of Expenses, Excluding Reimbursements to Average Net Assets 0.64% 0.77% 0.75% 0.66% 0.57%
Ratio of Net Investment Income (Loss) to Average Net Assets 2.75% 2.25% 1.51% 1.25% 1.32%
Portfolio Turnover(a) 59% 48% 58%(c) 28% 20%
* Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return.
^ The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limits in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is applied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund’s fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.
(a) Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole without distinguishing between the classes of shares issued.
(b) Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculate using the average daily shares method.
(c) Reflects increased trading activity due to large shareholder outflows.
(d) Amount is less than $0.005.
(e) Effective May 1, 2017, USAA Asset Management Company (previous Investment Adviser) voluntarily agreed to limit the annual expenses of the Institutional Shares to 0.55% of the Institutional Shares’ average daily net assets.

Prospectus  |  43

 


USAA ULTRA SHORT-TERM BOND FUND R6 SHARES
    Year Ended December 31, Period Ended
December 31,
    2019 2018 2017(f)
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period   $9.88 $9.97 $9.98
Investment Activities:        
Net Investment Income (Loss)   0.29(d) 0.24 0.15
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments   0.17 (0.09) (0.01)
Total from Investment Activities   0.46 (0.15) 0.14
Distributions to Shareholders:        
Net Investment Income   (0.29) (0.24) (0.15)
Net Realized Gains from Investments  
Total Distributions to Shareholders   (0.29) (0.24) (0.15)
Net Asset Value, End of Period   $10.05 $9.88 $9.97
Total Return*(a)   4.70% 1.51% 1.42%
Ratios/Supplemental Data:        
Net Assets, End of Period (000)   $6,518 $4,980 $5,091
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets^(b)   0.39% 0.39% 0.39%
Ratio of Expenses, Excluding Reimbursements to Average Net Assets(b)   0.80% 0.69% 1.05%
Ratio of Net Investment Income (Loss) to Average Net Assets(b)   2.92% 2.41% 1.81%
Portfolio Turnover(a)(c)   59% 48% 58%(e)
* Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return.
^ The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limits in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is applied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund’s fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.
(a) Not annualized for periods less than one year.
(b) Annualized for periods less than one year.
(c) Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole without distinguishing between the classes of shares issued.
(d) Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculate using the average daily shares method.
(e) Reflects increased trading activity due to large shareholder outflows.
(f) R6 Shares commenced operations on March 1, 2017.

44  |  USAA Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund

 


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Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”): A complete description of the Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund's portfolio securities is available in the Fund's SAI. The SAI has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and is incorporated by reference into this prospectus, which means it is legally part of the prospectus.
Annual and Semi Annual Reports: Annual and semi annual reports contain more information about the Fund's investments. In the Fund's annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance during the last fiscal year.
How to Obtain Information: You may obtain a free copy of the SAI, annual or semi annual reports, or to ask other questions about the Fund or your accounts by contacting the USAA Mutual Funds at the address or telephone number below, or by contacting your financial intermediary.
By mail:
USAA Mutual Funds
P.O. Box 182593
Columbus, OH 43218-2593
  By telephone:
Call USAA Mutual Funds at
(800) 235-8396
You also can obtain information about the Fund (including the SAI and other reports) from the SEC on the SEC’s EDGAR database at http://www.sec.gov or, after payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov
Investment Company Act File No. 811-7852

94405-0520
 

Prospectus

USAA Target Retirement Funds

TARGET RETIREMENT INCOME FUND (URINX) TARGET RETIREMENT 2020 FUND (URTNX) TARGET RETIREMENT 2030 FUND (URTRX) TARGET RETIREMENT 2040 FUND (URFRX) TARGET RETIREMENT 2050 FUND (URFFX) TARGET RETIREMENT 2060 FUND (URSIX)

Beginning January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Funds' shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from a Fund or from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on VictoryFunds.com, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report. If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change, and you need not take any action.

You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from a Fund or your financial intermediary electronically by notifying your financial intermediary directly, or if you are a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund, by calling (800) 235-8396 or logging on to usaa.com. Effective on or about July 6, 2020, a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund will need to submit their request via email to TA.Processing@FISGlobal.com.

You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge. You can inform the Fund or your financial intermediary that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports by notifying your financial intermediary directly, or if you are a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund, by calling (800) 235-8396 or logging on to usaa.com. Effective on or about July 6, 2020, a shareholder who has an account directly with the Fund will need to submit their request via email to TA.Processing@FISGlobal.com.

Your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held with the USAA family of funds or your financial intermediary.

Victory Capital means Victory Capital Management Inc., the investment manager of the USAA Mutual Funds. USAA Mutual Funds are distributed by Victory Capital Advisers, Inc., a broker dealer registered with FINRA and an affiliate of Victory Capital. Victory Capital and its affiliates are not affiliated with United Services Automobile Association or its affiliates. USAA and the USAA logos are registered trademarks and the USAA Mutual Funds and USAA Investments logos are trademarks of United Services Automobile Association and are being used by Victory Capital and its affiliates under license.

May 1, 2020

The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or determined whether this Prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

vcm.com

800-235-8396

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

USAA Target Retirement Income Fund Summary

 

Investment Objective ...............................................

1

Fees and Expenses.................................................

1

Principal Investment Strategy ......................................

2

Principal Risks ......................................................

3

Performance ........................................................

5

Investment Adviser .................................................

7

Portfolio Managers .................................................

7

Purchase and Sale of Shares......................................

7

Tax Information .....................................................

8

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial

 

Intermediaries .....................................................

8

USAA Target Retirement 2020 Fund Summary

 

Investment Objective ...............................................

9

Fees and Expenses.................................................

9

Principal Investment Strategy ......................................

10

Principal Risks ......................................................

11

Performance ........................................................

14

Investment Adviser .................................................

16

Portfolio Managers .................................................

16

Purchase and Sale of Shares......................................

16

Tax Information .....................................................

17

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial

 

Intermediaries .....................................................

17

USAA Target Retirement 2030 Fund Summary

 

Investment Objective ...............................................

18

Fees and Expenses.................................................

18

Principal Investment Strategy ......................................

19

Principal Risks ......................................................

20

Performance ........................................................

23

Investment Adviser .................................................

24

Portfolio Managers .................................................

24

 

Purchase and Sale of Shares......................................

25

Tax Information .....................................................

25

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial

 

Intermediaries .....................................................

25

USAA Target Retirement 2040 Fund Summary

 

Investment Objective ...............................................

26

Fees and Expenses.................................................

26

Principal Investment Strategy ......................................

27

Principal Risks ......................................................

28

Performance ........................................................

31

Investment Adviser .................................................

32

Portfolio Managers .................................................

32

Purchase and Sale of Shares......................................

33

Tax Information .....................................................

33

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial

 

Intermediaries .....................................................

33

USAA Target Retirement 2050 Fund Summary

 

Investment Objective ...............................................

34

Fees and Expenses.................................................

34

Principal Investment Strategy ......................................

35

Principal Risks ......................................................

36

Performance ........................................................

39

Investment Adviser .................................................

40

Portfolio Managers .................................................

40

Purchase and Sale of Shares......................................

41

Tax Information .....................................................

41

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial

 

Intermediaries .....................................................

41

USAA Target Retirement 2060 Fund Summary

 

Investment Objective ...............................................

42

Fees and Expenses.................................................

42

Principal Investment Strategy ......................................

43

Principal Risks ......................................................

44

Performance ........................................................

47

Investment Adviser .................................................

48

Portfolio Managers .................................................

49

Purchase and Sale of Shares......................................

49

 

Tax Information .....................................................

49

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial

 

Intermediaries .....................................................

49

Fund Prospectus

 

Investment Objective ...............................................

51

More Information on each Fund's Investment Strategy ...........

51

Risks ................................................................

53

Description of Underlying Funds...................................

64

Portfolio Holdings ...................................................

69

Fund Management .................................................

69

Portfolio Managers .................................................

70

Purchases...........................................................

70

Redemptions........................................................

73

Exchanges ..........................................................

75

Other Important Information About Purchases, Redemptions,

 

and Exchanges....................................................

75

Shareholder Information............................................

81

Financial Highlights.................................................

86

 

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The USAA Target Retirement Income Fund (the "Fund") provides capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current investment allocation.

FEES AND EXPENSES

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay, directly and indirectly, to invest in the Fund. The annual fund operating expenses for the Fund are based on expenses incurred during the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year.

Shareholder Fees

(fees paid directly from your investment)None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fee

None

 

 

Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees

None

 

 

Other Expenses

0.07%

 

 

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses

0.49%

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

0.56%a,b

 

 

aThe total annual operating expenses for the Fund may not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average daily net assets shown in the financial highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.

bVictory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") has contractually agreed to reimburse expenses so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, capitalized expenses, and other extraordinary expenses) do not exceed 0.07% of the Fund through at least June 30, 2021. The Adviser is permitted to recoup expenses reimbursed for up to three years after the fiscal year in which the reimbursement took place, subject to the lesser of any operating expense limits in effect at the time of: (a) the original expense reimbursement; or (b) the recoupment, after giving effect to the recoupment amount. This agreement may only be terminated by the Fund's Board of Trustees.

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, the Fund's operating

Prospectus | 1

 

 

expenses remain the same, and the expense limitation agreement for the Fund is not continued beyond its expiration date.

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

$57

$179

$313

$701

 

 

 

 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, including commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when shares of the Fund are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance.

For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 16% of the average value of its whole portfolio.

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGY

The Fund invests in a selection of affiliated mutual funds and exchange-traded funds ("ETFs") ("underlying affiliated funds") managed by the Adviser in a manner consistent with its current asset allocation as depicted in the "lifestyle transition path."

The Fund's asset allocation strategy is based on the allocation at zero years left until retirement on the lifestyle transition path and is designed for investors who are currently in, or very close to, retirement and who are planning to start withdrawing funds for retirement now or within the immediate future. In general, the Fund's allocation strategy assumes funds will start being withdrawn for retirement purposes at age 65. However, the Fund should not be selected solely on the basis of an investor's age. Because the Fund is designed for investors who are in or close to retirement, it is not anticipated that the Fund's current asset allocation will change based on the lifestyle transition plan. The Fund does not provide guaranteed income for retirement.

The Fund's current target asset allocation consists of: approximately 35% of the Fund's net assets allocated to underlying affiliated funds that invest primarily in equity securities or alternative asset classes ("equity investments"); and approximately 65% of the Fund's net assets allocated to underlying affiliated funds that invest primarily in fixed-income securities ("fixed-income investments"). The target asset allocation will not change unless approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees (the "Board").

Although the underlying affiliated funds are categorized generally as equity investments or fixed-income investments, many of these underlying affiliated funds invest in a mix of securities of domestic and foreign issuers,

2 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

investment-grade and high-yield bonds, and other securities. As a result, the target asset allocation of the Fund may differ from the actual securities held by the underlying affiliated funds. Actual asset allocation also may differ from the lifestyle transition path as a result of market movement. The Fund's portfolio will be rebalanced on a regular basis, taking into account transaction costs. We may adjust the Fund's actual asset allocation from the targets specified in the lifestyle transition path based on market view or other conditions as part of an active asset allocation strategy, or make changes to the lifestyle transition path.

Lifestyle Transition Path

 

Equity & Alterna¨ve

 

Fixed Income

 

 

Weight in Por¨olio

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Years To Retirement*

*Years to Re¨rement for the Fund is zero.

PRINCIPAL RISKS

The Fund's investments are subject to the following principal risks:

Affiliated Funds Risk – The risks of the Fund directly correspond to the risks of the underlying affiliated funds in which the Fund invests. By investing in the underlying affiliated funds, the Fund has exposure to the risk of many different areas of the market. The degree to which the risks described below apply to the Fund varies according to the Fund's asset allocation. For instance, the more the Fund is allocated to stock funds, the greater the risk associated with equity securities. The Fund also is subject to asset allocation risk (i.e., the risk that allocations will not produce the intended results) and to management risk (i.e., the risk that the selection of underlying affiliated funds will not produce the intended results).

Conflict of Interest Risk – In managing a Fund that invests in underlying affiliated funds, the Adviser may have conflicts of interest in allocating the Fund's assets among the various underlying affiliated funds. This is because the fees payable by some of the underlying affiliated funds to the Adviser

Prospectus | 3

 

 

and/or its affiliates are higher than the fees payable by other underlying affiliated funds, and because the Adviser also manages and administers the underlying affiliated funds.

Debt Securities Risk – The Fund may invest in underlying affiliated funds that invest in debt securities or other income-producing securities. The value of a debt security or other income-producing security changes in response to various factors, including, for example, market-related factors (such as changes in interest rates or changes in the risk appetite of investors generally) and changes in the actual or perceived ability of the issuer (or of issuers generally) to meet its (or their) obligations.

High-Yield/Junk Bond Risk – Fixed-income securities rated below investment grade, also known as "junk" or high-yield bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit, and liquidity risk than investment-grade securities. Their prices may be more volatile, especially during economic downturns, financial setbacks, or liquidity events. High-yield securities also can involve a substantially greater risk of default than higher quality debt securities, and their values can decline significantly over short and longer periods of time.

Credit Risk – Credit risk is the possibility that an issuer of a fixed-income security will fail to make timely interest and/or principal payments on its securities or that negative market perceptions of the issuer's ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline. The Fund accepts some credit risk as a recognized means to enhance an investor's return. All fixed-income securities, varying from the highest quality to the very speculative, have some degree of credit risk.

Interest Rate Risk – Bond prices generally are linked to the prevailing market interest rates. In general, when interest rates rise, bond prices

fall; conversely, when interest rates fall, bond prices rise. The price volatility of a bond also depends on its duration. Generally, the longer the duration of a bond, the greater is its sensitivity to interest rates. To compensate investors for this higher interest rate risk, bonds with longer durations generally offer higher yields than bonds with shorter durations.

Stock Market Risk – Overall stock market risks may affect the value of the Fund. Domestic and international factors such as political events, war, trade disputes, interest rate levels and other fiscal and monetary policy changes, pandemics and other public health crises, and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. The impact of these and other factors may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

Equity Risk – The Fund may invest in underlying affiliated funds that invest in equity securities. The value of the equity securities in which the Fund invests may decline in response to developments affecting individual companies and/or general economic conditions. A company's earnings or dividends may not increase as expected due to poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers,

4 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters, military confrontations, war, terrorism, public health crises, or other events, conditions, and factors. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended periods.

Foreign Securities Risk – Foreign markets can be more volatile than the U.S. market due to increased risks of adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments and can perform differently from the U.S. market.

Emerging Markets Risk – Foreign securities risk can be particularly heightened because investments in emerging market countries generally are more volatile than investments in developed markets. Emerging market countries are less economically diverse and mature than more developed countries and tend to be politically less stable.

Exchange-Traded Funds Risk – The Fund may invest in shares of ETFs, which generally are investment companies that hold a portfolio of common stocks or debt securities the shares of which are traded on an exchange. ETFs incur their own management and other fees and expenses, such as trustees' fees, operating expenses, registration fees, and marketing expenses, a proportionate share of which will be borne indirectly by the Fund. As a result, the Fund's investment in an ETF will cause the Fund to indirectly bear the fees and expenses of the ETF and, in turn, the Fund's performance may be lower than if the Fund were to invest directly in the securities held by the underlying ETFs. In addition, the Fund will be exposed indirectly to all of the risks associated with securities held by the ETFs.

Management Risk – The Fund is actively managed, and the investment techniques and risk analyses used by the Fund's portfolio managers may not produce the desired results.

Any investment involves risk, and there is no assurance that the Fund's objective will be achieved. By itself, the Fund does not constitute a complete investment plan. As you consider an investment in the Fund, you also should take into account your tolerance for the daily fluctuations of the financial markets and whether you can afford to leave your money in the Fund for long periods of time to ride out down periods. As with other mutual funds, losing money is a risk of investing in the Fund.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

PERFORMANCE

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund and illustrates the Fund's volatility by showing how performance has varied from year to year for each full calendar year over

Prospectus | 5

 

 

the past 10 years. The table shows how the Fund's average annual total returns for the periods indicated compared to those of the Fund's benchmark index. Performance reflects any expense limitations in effect during the periods shown.

Remember, historical performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate what will happen in the future. The Fund's most current performance information is available on the Fund's website at usaa.com (effective on or about July 6, 2020, performance information may be found at vcm.com) or by calling (800) 235-8396.

RISK/RETURN BAR CHART

Annual Returns for Periods Ended December 31

15%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11.65%

 

 

 

 

11.72%

 

 

 

 

 

10%

 

 

9.49%

8.66%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6.36%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.58%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.36%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.97%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-1.95%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-3.01%

 

 

-5%

-10%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

The year-to-date return of the Fund as of March 31, 2020, was -7.60%.

During the periods shown in the chart:

Returns

Quarter ended

Highest Quarter Return

6.47%

September 30, 2010

Lowest Quarter Return

-5.07%

September 30, 2011

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. In certain situations, the return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares may be higher than the other return amounts. A higher after-tax return may result when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and translates into an assumed tax deduction that benefits the shareholder. The actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. If you hold your shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account ("IRA") or 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns shown in the table are not relevant to you.

6 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS

For Periods Ended December 31, 2019

 

1 Year

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

Fund Shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

11.72%

4.19%

5.26%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions

9.64%

2.52%

3.87%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund

 

 

 

Shares

7.63%

2.75%

3.70%

 

 

 

 

Index

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S&P Target Date Retirement Income Index (reflects no

 

 

 

deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)

13.33%

4.67%

5.49%

 

 

 

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Victory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") serves as the Fund's investment adviser.

The portfolio managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are members of the Adviser's Victory Solutions platform.

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

Tenure with

 

Title

the Fund

 

 

 

Mannik S. Dhillon,

President, VictoryShares and Solutions

Since July 2019

CFA, CAIA

 

 

 

 

 

Wasif A. Latif

Head of Investments, VictoryShares and

Since 2008

 

Solutions

 

 

 

Lance Humphrey,

Portfolio Manager, VictoryShares and Solutions Since June

CFA

 

2018

 

 

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF SHARES

You may purchase or sell shares of the Fund on any business day through the vcm.com website or by telephone at (800) 235-8396. You also may purchase or sell shares of the Fund through certain other financial intermediaries. If you have opened an account directly with the Fund, you also may purchase and sell shares of the Fund by mail at P.O. Box 182593, Columbus, Ohio 43218-2593.

Prospectus | 7

 

 

￿Minimum initial purchase: $500 or $50 with a $50 monthly systematic investment plan.

￿Minimum subsequent investment: $50

TAX INFORMATION

The Fund intends to make distributions that generally will be taxed to you as ordinary income or long-term capital gains, unless you are a tax-exempt investor or you invest through an IRA, 401(k) plan, or other tax-deferred account (in which case you may be taxed later, upon withdrawal of your investment from such account).

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of such shares and certain servicing and administrative functions. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

8 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The USAA Target Retirement 2020 Fund (the "Fund") provides capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current investment allocation.

FEES AND EXPENSES

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay, directly and indirectly, to invest in the Fund. The annual fund operating expenses for the Fund are based on expenses incurred during the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year.

Shareholder Fees

(fees paid directly from your investment)None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fee

None

 

 

Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees

None

 

 

Other Expenses

0.04%

 

 

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses

0.53%

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

0.57%a,b

 

 

aThe total annual operating expenses for the Fund may not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average daily net assets shown in the financial highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.

bVictory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") has contractually agreed to reimburse expenses so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, capitalized expenses, and other extraordinary expenses) do not exceed 0.04% of the Fund through at least June 30, 2021. The Adviser is permitted to recoup expenses reimbursed for up to three years after the fiscal year in which the reimbursement took place, subject to the lesser of any operating expense limits in effect at the time of: (a) the original expense reimbursement; or (b) the recoupment, after giving effect to the recoupment amount. This agreement may only be terminated by the Fund's Board of Trustees.

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, the Fund's operating

Prospectus | 9

 

 

expenses remain the same, and the expense limitation agreement for the Fund is not continued beyond its expiration date.

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

$58

$183

$318

$714

 

 

 

 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, including commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when shares of the Fund are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance.

For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 28% of the average value of its whole portfolio.

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGY

The Fund invests in a selection of affiliated mutual funds and exchange-traded funds ("ETFs") ("underlying affiliated funds") managed by the Adviser in a manner consistent with its current asset allocation as depicted in the "lifestyle transition path," based on the years left until retirement. The lifestyle transition path depicts how the asset allocation strategy shifts the Fund's assets among asset classes as the Fund becomes more conservative over time. The lifestyle transition path reflects the need for reduced investment risks and lower volatility as retirement approaches.

The Fund's asset allocation strategy is based on the allocation at zero years left until retirement on the lifestyle transition path and is designed for investors who are currently in, or very close to, retirement and who are planning to start withdrawing funds for retirement now or within the immediate future. In general, the Fund's allocation strategy assumes funds will start being withdrawn for retirement purposes at age 65. However, the Fund should not be selected solely on the basis of an investor's age. Because the Fund is designed for investors who are in or close to retirement, it is not anticipated that the Fund's current asset allocation will change based on the lifestyle transition plan. The Fund does not provide guaranteed income for retirement.

The Fund's current target asset allocation consists of: approximately 35% of the Fund's net assets allocated to underlying affiliated funds that invest primarily in equity securities or alternative asset classes ("equity investments"); and approximately 65% of the Fund's net assets allocated to underlying affiliated funds that invest primarily in fixed-income securities

10 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

("fixed-income investments"). The target asset allocation will not change unless approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees (the "Board").

Although the underlying affiliated funds are categorized generally as equity investments (equity securities or alternative asset classes) or fixed-income investments, many of these underlying affiliated funds invest in a mix of securities of domestic and foreign issuers, investment-grade and high-yield bonds, and other securities. As a result, the target asset allocation of the Fund may differ from the actual securities held by the underlying affiliated funds. Actual asset allocation also may differ from the lifestyle transition path as a result of market movement. The Fund's portfolio will be rebalanced on a regular basis, taking into account transaction costs. We may adjust the Fund's actual asset allocation from the targets specified in the lifestyle transition path based on market view or other conditions as part of an active asset allocation strategy, or make changes to the lifestyle transition path.

Once the Fund's target asset allocation is similar to that of the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund, the Board, without shareholder approval, may combine the Fund with the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund. Shareholders will be notified prior to such a combination. Once such a combination occurs, shareholders will own shares of the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund.

Lifestyle Transition Path

Weight in Por¨olio

 

Equity & Alterna¨ve

 

Fixed Income

 

 

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Years To Retirement*

*Years to Re¨rement is the difference between the current year and the target date referenced in a Fund's name.

PRINCIPAL RISKS

The Fund's investments are subject to the following principal risks:

Prospectus | 11

 

 

Affiliated Funds Risk – The risks of the Fund directly correspond to the risks of the underlying affiliated funds in which the Fund invests. By investing in the underlying affiliated funds, the Fund has exposure to the risk of many different areas of the market. The degree to which the risks described below apply to the Fund varies according to the Fund's asset allocation. For instance, the more the Fund is allocated to stock funds, the greater the risk associated with equity securities. The Fund also is subject to asset allocation risk (i.e., the risk that allocations will not produce the intended results) and to management risk (i.e., the risk that the selection of underlying affiliated funds will not produce the intended results).

Conflict of Interest Risk – In managing a Fund that invests in underlying affiliated funds, the Adviser may have conflicts of interest in allocating the Fund's assets among the various underlying affiliated funds. This is because the fees payable by some of the underlying affiliated funds to the Adviser and/or its affiliates are higher than the fees payable by other underlying affiliated funds, and because the Adviser also manages and administers the underlying affiliated funds.

Debt Securities Risk – The Fund may invest in underlying affiliated funds that invest in debt securities or other income-producing securities. The value of a debt security or other income-producing security changes in response to various factors, including, for example, market-related factors (such as changes in interest rates or changes in the risk appetite of investors generally) and changes in the actual or perceived ability of the issuer (or of issuers generally) to meet its (or their) obligations.

High-Yield/Junk Bond Risk – Fixed-income securities rated below investment grade, also known as "junk" or high-yield bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit, and liquidity risk than investment-grade securities. Their prices may be more volatile, especially during economic downturns, financial setbacks, or liquidity events. High-yield securities also can involve a substantially greater risk of default than higher quality debt securities, and their values can decline significantly over short and longer periods of time.

Credit Risk – Credit risk is the possibility that an issuer of a fixed-income security will fail to make timely interest and/or principal payments on its securities or that negative market perceptions of the issuer's ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline. The Fund accepts some credit risk as a recognized means to enhance an investor's return. All fixed-income securities, varying from the highest quality to the very speculative, have some degree of credit risk.

Interest Rate Risk – Bond prices generally are linked to the prevailing market interest rates. In general, when interest rates rise, bond prices

fall; conversely, when interest rates fall, bond prices rise. The price volatility of a bond also depends on its duration. Generally, the longer the duration of a bond, the greater is its sensitivity to interest rates. To compensate investors for

12 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

this higher interest rate risk, bonds with longer durations generally offer higher yields than bonds with shorter durations.

Stock Market Risk – Overall stock market risks may affect the value of the Fund. Domestic and international factors such as political events, war, trade disputes, interest rate levels and other fiscal and monetary policy changes, pandemics and other public health crises, and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. The impact of these and other factors may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

Equity Risk – The Fund may invest in underlying affiliated funds that invest in equity securities. The value of the equity securities in which the Fund invests may decline in response to developments affecting individual companies and/or general economic conditions. A company's earnings or dividends may not increase as expected due to poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters, military confrontations, war, terrorism, public health crises, or other events, conditions, and factors. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended periods.

Foreign Securities Risk – Foreign markets can be more volatile than the U.S. market due to increased risks of adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments and can perform differently from the U.S. market.

Emerging Markets Risk – Foreign securities risk can be particularly heightened because investments in emerging market countries generally are more volatile than investments in developed markets. Emerging market countries are less economically diverse and mature than more developed countries and tend to be politically less stable.

Exchange-Traded Funds Risk – The Fund may invest in shares of ETFs, which generally are investment companies that hold a portfolio of common stocks or debt securities the shares of which are traded on an exchange. ETFs incur their own management and other fees and expenses, such as trustees' fees, operating expenses, registration fees, and marketing expenses, a proportionate share of which will be borne indirectly by the Fund. As a result, the Fund's investment in an ETF will cause the Fund to indirectly bear the fees and expenses of the ETF and, in turn, the Fund's performance may be lower than if the Fund were to invest directly in the securities held by the underlying ETFs. In addition, the Fund will be exposed indirectly to all of the risks associated with securities held by the ETFs.

Management Risk – The Fund is actively managed, and the investment techniques and risk analyses used by the Fund's portfolio managers may not produce the desired results.

Prospectus | 13

 

 

Any investment involves risk, and there is no assurance that the Fund's objective will be achieved. By itself, the Fund does not constitute a complete investment plan. As you consider an investment in the Fund, you also should take into account your tolerance for the daily fluctuations of the financial markets and whether you can afford to leave your money in the Fund for long periods of time to ride out down periods. As with other mutual funds, losing money is a risk of investing in the Fund.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

PERFORMANCE

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund and illustrates the Fund's volatility by showing how performance has varied from year to year for each full calendar year over the past 10 years. The table shows how the Fund's average annual total returns for the periods indicated compared to those of the Fund's benchmark index. Performance reflects any expense limitations in effect during the periods shown.

Remember, historical performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate what will happen in the future. The Fund's most current performance information is available on the Fund's website at usaa.com (effective on or about July 6, 2020, performance information may be found at vcm.com) or by calling (800) 235-8396.

14 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

RISK/RETURN BAR CHART

Annual Returns for Periods Ended December 31

20%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13.28%

13.83%

15%

 

 

 

12.71%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11.26%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10%

 

 

 

 

 

9.16%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7.57%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5%

 

 

 

3.45%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.52%

0%

-2.40%

-5%

-4.85%

-10%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

The year-to-date return of the Fund as of March 31, 2020, was -7.50%.

During the periods shown in the chart:

Returns

Quarter ended

Highest Quarter Return

7.75%

September 30, 2010

Lowest Quarter Return

-8.05%

September 30, 2011

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. In certain situations, the return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares may be higher than the other return amounts. A higher after-tax return may result when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and translates into an assumed tax deduction that benefits the shareholder. The actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. If you hold your shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account ("IRA") or 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns shown in the table are not relevant to you.

Prospectus | 15

 

 

AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS

For Periods Ended December 31, 2019

 

1 Year

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

Fund Shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

13.83%

5.08%

6.25%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions

10.76%

3.13%

4.75%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund

 

 

 

Shares

9.66%

3.50%

4.60%

 

 

 

 

Index

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S&P Target Date 2020 Index (reflects no deduction for

 

 

 

fees, expenses, or taxes)

16.52%

6.15%

7.54%

 

 

 

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Victory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") serves as the Fund's investment adviser.

The portfolio managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are members of the Adviser's Victory Solutions platform.

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

Tenure with

 

Title

the Fund

 

 

 

Mannik S. Dhillon,

President, VictoryShares and Solutions

Since July 2019

CFA, CAIA

 

 

 

 

 

Wasif A. Latif

Head of Investments, VictoryShares and

Since 2008

 

Solutions

 

 

 

Lance Humphrey,

Portfolio Manager, VictoryShares and Solutions Since June

CFA

 

2018

 

 

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF SHARES

You may purchase or sell shares of the Fund on any business day through the vcm.com website or by telephone at (800) 235-8396. You also may purchase or sell shares of the Fund through certain other financial intermediaries. If you have opened an account directly with the Fund, you also may purchase and sell shares of the Fund by mail at P.O. Box 182593, Columbus, Ohio 43218-2593.

16 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

￿Minimum initial purchase: $500 or $50 with a $50 monthly systematic investment plan.

￿Minimum subsequent investment: $50

TAX INFORMATION

The Fund intends to make distributions that generally will be taxed to you as ordinary income or long-term capital gains, unless you are a tax-exempt investor or you invest through an IRA, 401(k) plan, or other tax-deferred account (in which case you may be taxed later, upon withdrawal of your investment from such account).

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of such shares and certain servicing and administrative functions. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

Prospectus | 17

 

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The USAA Target Retirement 2030 Fund (the "Fund") provides capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current investment allocation.

FEES AND EXPENSES

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay, directly and indirectly, to invest in the Fund. The annual fund operating expenses for the Fund are based on expenses incurred during the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year.

Shareholder Fees

(fees paid directly from your investment)None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fee

None

 

 

Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees

None

 

 

Other Expenses

0.03%

 

 

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses

0.56%

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

0.59%a,b

 

 

aThe total annual operating expenses for the Fund may not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average daily net assets shown in the financial highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.

bVictory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") has contractually agreed to reimburse expenses so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, capitalized expenses, and other extraordinary expenses) do not exceed 0.03% of the Fund through at least June 30, 2021. The Adviser is permitted to recoup expenses reimbursed for up to three years after the fiscal year in which the reimbursement took place, subject to the lesser of any operating expense limits in effect at the time of: (a) the original expense reimbursement; or (b) the recoupment, after giving effect to the recoupment amount. This agreement may only be terminated by the Fund's Board of Trustees.

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, the Fund's operating

18 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

expenses remain the same, and the expense limitation agreement for the Fund is not continued beyond its expiration date.

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

$60

$189

$329

$738

 

 

 

 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, including commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when shares of the Fund are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance.

For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 24% of the average value of its whole portfolio.

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGY

The Fund invests in a selection of affiliated mutual funds and exchange-traded funds ("ETFs") ("underlying affiliated funds") managed by the Adviser in a manner consistent with its current asset allocation as depicted in the "lifestyle transition path," based on the years left until retirement. The lifestyle transition path depicts how the asset allocation strategy shifts the Fund's assets among asset classes as the Fund becomes more conservative over time. The lifestyle transition path reflects the need for reduced investment risks and lower volatility as retirement approaches.

The Fund's asset allocation strategy is designed for investors planning to start withdrawing funds for retirement in or within a few years of the Fund's specific target date ("2030"). In general, the Fund's asset allocation strategy assumes funds will start being withdrawn for retirement purposes at age 65. However, the Fund should not be selected solely on the basis of an investor's age or the target date. The Fund does not provide guaranteed income for retirement.

Although the underlying affiliated funds are categorized generally as equity investments (equity securities or alternative asset classes) or fixed-income investments, many of these underlying affiliated funds invest in a mix of securities of domestic and foreign issuers, investment-grade and high-yield bonds, and other securities. As a result, the target asset allocation of the Fund may differ from the actual securities held by the underlying affiliated funds. Actual asset allocation also may differ from the lifestyle transition path as a result of market movement. The Fund's portfolio will be rebalanced on a regular basis, taking into account transaction costs. We may adjust the Fund's actual asset allocation from the targets specified in the lifestyle transition path

Prospectus | 19

 

 

based on market view or other conditions as part of an active asset allocation strategy, or make changes to the lifestyle transition path.

It is currently anticipated that at its target date, the Fund's target asset allocation will consist of approximately 35% of the Fund's net assets allocated to equity investments; and approximately 65% of the Fund's net assets allocated to fixed-income investments. The Fund's target asset allocation will not change after the target date has been reached unless approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees (the "Board").

Once the Fund's target asset allocation is similar to that of the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund, the Board, without shareholder approval, may combine the Fund with the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund. Shareholders will be notified prior to such a combination. Once such a combination occurs, shareholders will own shares of the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund.

Lifestyle Transition Path

Weight in Por¨olio

 

Equity & Alterna¨ve

 

Fixed Income

 

 

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Years To Retirement*

*Years to Re¨rement is the difference between the current year and the target date referenced in a Fund's name.

PRINCIPAL RISKS

The Fund's investments are subject to the following principal risks:

Affiliated Funds Risk – The risks of the Fund directly correspond to the risks of the underlying affiliated funds in which the Fund invests. By investing in the underlying affiliated funds, the Fund has exposure to the risk of many different areas of the market. The degree to which the risks described below apply to the Fund varies according to the Fund's asset allocation. For instance, the more the Fund is allocated to stock funds, the greater the risk associated with equity securities. The Fund also is subject to asset allocation

20 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

risk (i.e., the risk that allocations will not produce the intended results) and to management risk (i.e., the risk that the selection of underlying affiliated funds will not produce the intended results).

Conflict of Interest Risk – In managing a Fund that invests in underlying affiliated funds, the Adviser may have conflicts of interest in allocating the Fund's assets among the various underlying affiliated funds. This is because the fees payable by some of the underlying affiliated funds to the Adviser and/or its affiliates are higher than the fees payable by other underlying affiliated funds, and because the Adviser also manages and administers the underlying affiliated funds.

Stock Market Risk – Overall stock market risks may affect the value of the Fund. Domestic and international factors such as political events, war, trade disputes, interest rate levels and other fiscal and monetary policy changes, pandemics and other public health crises, and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. The impact of these and other factors may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

Equity Risk – The Fund may invest in underlying affiliated funds that invest in equity securities. The value of the equity securities in which the Fund invests may decline in response to developments affecting individual companies and/or general economic conditions. A company's earnings or dividends may not increase as expected due to poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters, military confrontations, war, terrorism, public health crises, or other events, conditions, and factors. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended periods.

Foreign Securities Risk – Foreign markets can be more volatile than the U.S. market due to increased risks of adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments and can perform differently from the U.S. market.

Emerging Markets Risk – Foreign securities risk can be particularly heightened because investments in emerging market countries generally are more volatile than investments in developed markets. Emerging market countries are less economically diverse and mature than more developed countries and tend to be politically less stable.

Debt Securities Risk – The Fund may invest in underlying affiliated funds that invest in debt securities or other income-producing securities. The value of a debt security or other income-producing security changes in response to various factors, including, for example, market-related factors (such as changes in interest rates or changes in the risk appetite of investors generally) and changes in the actual or perceived ability of the issuer (or of issuers generally) to meet its (or their) obligations.

Prospectus | 21

 

 

High-Yield/Junk Bond Risk – Fixed-income securities rated below investment grade, also known as "junk" or high-yield bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit, and liquidity risk than investment-grade securities. Their prices may be more volatile, especially during economic downturns, financial setbacks, or liquidity events. High-yield securities also can involve a substantially greater risk of default than higher quality debt securities, and their values can decline significantly over short and longer periods of time.

Credit Risk – Credit risk is the possibility that an issuer of a fixed-income security will fail to make timely interest and/or principal payments on its securities or that negative market perceptions of the issuer's ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline. The Fund accepts some credit risk as a recognized means to enhance an investor's return. All fixed-income securities, varying from the highest quality to the very speculative, have some degree of credit risk.

Interest Rate Risk – Bond prices generally are linked to the prevailing market interest rates. In general, when interest rates rise, bond prices

fall; conversely, when interest rates fall, bond prices rise. The price volatility of a bond also depends on its duration. Generally, the longer the duration of a bond, the greater is its sensitivity to interest rates. To compensate investors for this higher interest rate risk, bonds with longer durations generally offer higher yields than bonds with shorter durations.

Exchange-Traded Funds Risk – The Fund may invest in shares of ETFs, which generally are investment companies that hold a portfolio of common stocks or debt securities the shares of which are traded on an exchange. ETFs incur their own management and other fees and expenses, such as trustees' fees, operating expenses, registration fees, and marketing expenses, a proportionate share of which will be borne indirectly by the Fund. As a result, the Fund's investment in an ETF will cause the Fund to indirectly bear the fees and expenses of the ETF and, in turn, the Fund's performance may be lower than if the Fund were to invest directly in the securities held by the underlying ETFs. In addition, the Fund will be exposed indirectly to all of the risks associated with securities held by the ETFs.

Management Risk – The Fund is actively managed, and the investment techniques and risk analyses used by the Fund's portfolio managers may not produce the desired results.

Any investment involves risk, and there is no assurance that the Fund's objective will be achieved. By itself, the Fund does not constitute a complete investment plan. As you consider an investment in the Fund, you also should take into account your tolerance for the daily fluctuations of the financial markets and whether you can afford to leave your money in the Fund for long periods of time to ride out down periods. As with other mutual funds, losing money is a risk of investing in the Fund.

22 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

PERFORMANCE

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund and illustrates the Fund's volatility by showing how performance has varied from year to year for each full calendar year over the past 10 years. The table shows how the Fund's average annual total returns for the periods indicated compared to those of the Fund's benchmark index. Performance reflects any expense limitations in effect during the periods shown.

Remember, historical performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate what will happen in the future. The Fund's most current performance information is available on the Fund's website at usaa.com (effective on or about July 6, 2020, performance information may be found at vcm.com) or by calling (800) 235-8396.

RISK/RETURN BAR CHART

Annual Returns for Periods Ended December 31

20%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

17.13%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15.34%

13.71%

16.12%

 

 

15%

 

 

 

13.16%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8.70%

 

 

 

 

10%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.43%

 

 

 

 

 

 

5%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0%

-1.16%

-5%

-10%

-2.81%

-6.99%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

The year-to-date return of the Fund as of March 31, 2020, was -15.00%.

During the periods shown in the chart:

Returns

Quarter ended

Highest Quarter Return

10.15%

September 30, 2010

Lowest Quarter Return

-11.49%

September 30, 2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prospectus | 23

 

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. In certain situations, the return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares may be higher than the other return amounts. A higher after-tax return may result when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and translates into an assumed tax deduction that benefits the shareholder. The actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. If you hold your shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account ("IRA") or 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns shown in the table are not relevant to you.

AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS

For Periods Ended December 31, 2019

 

1 Year

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

Fund Shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

17.13%

5.97%

7.33%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions

13.85%

4.04%

5.86%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund

 

 

 

Shares

11.84%

4.26%

5.54%

 

 

 

 

Index

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S&P Target Date 2030 Index (reflects no deduction for

 

 

 

fees, expenses, or taxes)

20.38%

7.27%

8.66%

 

 

 

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Victory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") serves as the Fund's investment adviser.

The portfolio managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are members of the Adviser's Victory Solutions platform.

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

Tenure with

 

Title

the Fund

 

 

 

Mannik S. Dhillon,

President, VictoryShares and Solutions

Since July 2019

CFA, CAIA

 

 

 

 

 

Wasif A. Latif

Head of Investments, VictoryShares and

Since 2008

 

Solutions

 

 

 

Lance Humphrey,

Portfolio Manager, VictoryShares and Solutions Since June

CFA

 

2018

 

 

 

 

 

 

24 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF SHARES

You may purchase or sell shares of the Fund on any business day through the vcm.com website or by telephone at (800) 235-8396. You also may purchase or sell shares of the Fund through certain other financial intermediaries. If you have opened an account directly with the Fund, you also may purchase and sell shares of the Fund by mail at P.O. Box 182593, Columbus, Ohio 43218-2593.

￿Minimum initial purchase: $500 or $50 with a $50 monthly systematic investment plan.

￿Minimum subsequent investment: $50

TAX INFORMATION

The Fund intends to make distributions that generally will be taxed to you as ordinary income or long-term capital gains, unless you are a tax-exempt investor or you invest through an IRA, 401(k) plan, or other tax-deferred account (in which case you may be taxed later, upon withdrawal of your investment from such account).

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of such shares and certain servicing and administrative functions. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

Prospectus | 25

 

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The USAA Target Retirement 2040 Fund (the "Fund") provides capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current investment allocation.

FEES AND EXPENSES

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay, directly and indirectly, to invest in the Fund. The annual fund operating expenses for the Fund are based on expenses incurred during the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year.

Shareholder Fees

(fees paid directly from your investment)None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fee

None

 

 

Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees

None

 

 

Other Expenses

0.02%

 

 

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses

0.58%

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

0.60%a,b

 

 

aThe total annual operating expenses for the Fund may not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average daily net assets shown in the financial highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.

bVictory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") has contractually agreed to reimburse expenses so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, capitalized expenses, and other extraordinary expenses) do not exceed 0.02% of the Fund through at least June 30, 2021. The Adviser is permitted to recoup expenses reimbursed for up to three years after the fiscal year in which the reimbursement took place, subject to the lesser of any operating expense limits in effect at the time of: (a) the original expense reimbursement; or (b) the recoupment, after giving effect to the recoupment amount. This agreement may only be terminated by the Fund's Board of Trustees.

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, the Fund's operating

26 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

expenses remain the same, and the expense limitation agreement for the Fund is not continued beyond its expiration date.

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

$61

$192

$335

$750

 

 

 

 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, including commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when shares of the Fund are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance.

For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 29% of the average value of its whole portfolio.

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGY

The Fund invests in a selection of affiliated mutual funds and exchange-traded funds ("ETFs") ("underlying affiliated funds") managed by the Adviser in a manner consistent with its current asset allocation as depicted in the "lifestyle transition path," based on the years left until retirement. The lifestyle transition path depicts how the asset allocation strategy shifts the Fund's assets among asset classes as the Fund becomes more conservative over time. The lifestyle transition path reflects the need for reduced investment risks and lower volatility as retirement approaches.

The Fund's asset allocation strategy is designed for investors planning to start withdrawing funds for retirement in or within a few years of the Fund's specific target date ("2040"). In general, the Fund's asset allocation strategy assumes funds will start being withdrawn for retirement purposes at age 65. However, the Fund should not be selected solely on the basis of an investor's age or the target date. The Fund does not provide guaranteed income for retirement.

Although the underlying affiliated funds are categorized generally as equity investments (equity securities or alternative asset classes) or fixed-income investments, many of these underlying affiliated funds invest in a mix of securities of domestic and foreign issuers, investment-grade and high-yield bonds, and other securities. As a result, the target asset allocation of the Fund may differ from the actual securities held by the underlying affiliated funds. Actual asset allocation also may differ from the lifestyle transition path as a result of market movement. The Fund's portfolio will be rebalanced on a regular basis, taking into account transaction costs. We may adjust the Fund's actual asset allocation from the targets specified in the lifestyle transition path

Prospectus | 27

 

 

based on market view or other conditions as part of an active asset allocation strategy, or make changes to the lifestyle transition path.

It is currently anticipated that at its target date, the Fund's target asset allocation will consist of approximately 35% of the Fund's net assets allocated to equity investments; and approximately 65% of the Fund's net assets allocated to fixed-income investments. The Fund's target asset allocation will not change after the target date has been reached unless approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees (the "Board").

Once the Fund's target asset allocation is similar to that of the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund, the Board, without shareholder approval, may combine the Fund with the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund. Shareholders will be notified prior to such a combination. Once such a combination occurs, shareholders will own shares of the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund.

Lifestyle Transition Path

Weight in Por¨olio

 

Equity & Alterna¨ve

 

Fixed Income

 

 

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Years To Retirement*

*Years to Re¨rement is the difference between the current year and the target date referenced in a Fund's name.

PRINCIPAL RISKS

The Fund's investments are subject to the following principal risks:

Affiliated Funds Risk – The risks of the Fund directly correspond to the risks of the underlying affiliated funds in which the Fund invests. By investing in the underlying affiliated funds, the Fund has exposure to the risk of many different areas of the market. The degree to which the risks described below apply to the Fund varies according to the Fund's asset allocation. For instance, the more the Fund is allocated to stock funds, the greater the risk associated with equity securities. The Fund also is subject to asset allocation

28 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

risk (i.e., the risk that allocations will not produce the intended results) and to management risk (i.e., the risk that the selection of underlying affiliated funds will not produce the intended results).

Conflict of Interest Risk – In managing a Fund that invests in underlying affiliated funds, the Adviser may have conflicts of interest in allocating the Fund's assets among the various underlying affiliated funds. This is because the fees payable by some of the underlying affiliated funds to the Adviser and/or its affiliates are higher than the fees payable by other underlying affiliated funds, and because the Adviser also manages and administers the underlying affiliated funds.

Stock Market Risk – Overall stock market risks may affect the value of the Fund. Domestic and international factors such as political events, war, trade disputes, interest rate levels and other fiscal and monetary policy changes, pandemics and other public health crises, and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. The impact of these and other factors may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

Equity Risk – The Fund may invest in underlying affiliated funds that invest in equity securities. The value of the equity securities in which the Fund invests may decline in response to developments affecting individual companies and/or general economic conditions. A company's earnings or dividends may not increase as expected due to poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters, military confrontations, war, terrorism, public health crises, or other events, conditions, and factors. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended periods.

Foreign Securities Risk – Foreign markets can be more volatile than the U.S. market due to increased risks of adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments and can perform differently from the U.S. market.

Emerging Markets Risk – Foreign securities risk can be particularly heightened because investments in emerging market countries generally are more volatile than investments in developed markets. Emerging market countries are less economically diverse and mature than more developed countries and tend to be politically less stable.

Debt Securities Risk – The Fund may invest in underlying affiliated funds that invest in debt securities or other income-producing securities. The value of a debt security or other income-producing security changes in response to various factors, including, for example, market-related factors (such as changes in interest rates or changes in the risk appetite of investors generally) and changes in the actual or perceived ability of the issuer (or of issuers generally) to meet its (or their) obligations.

Prospectus | 29

 

 

High-Yield/Junk Bond Risk – Fixed-income securities rated below investment grade, also known as "junk" or high-yield bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit, and liquidity risk than investment-grade securities. Their prices may be more volatile, especially during economic downturns, financial setbacks, or liquidity events. High-yield securities also can involve a substantially greater risk of default than higher quality debt securities, and their values can decline significantly over short and longer periods of time.

Credit Risk – Credit risk is the possibility that an issuer of a fixed-income security will fail to make timely interest and/or principal payments on its securities or that negative market perceptions of the issuer's ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline. The Fund accepts some credit risk as a recognized means to enhance an investor's return. All fixed-income securities, varying from the highest quality to the very speculative, have some degree of credit risk.

Interest Rate Risk – Bond prices generally are linked to the prevailing market interest rates. In general, when interest rates rise, bond prices

fall; conversely, when interest rates fall, bond prices rise. The price volatility of a bond also depends on its duration. Generally, the longer the duration of a bond, the greater is its sensitivity to interest rates. To compensate investors for this higher interest rate risk, bonds with longer durations generally offer higher yields than bonds with shorter durations.

Exchange-Traded Funds Risk – The Fund may invest in shares of ETFs, which generally are investment companies that hold a portfolio of common stocks or debt securities the shares of which are traded on an exchange. ETFs incur their own management and other fees and expenses, such as trustees' fees, operating expenses, registration fees, and marketing expenses, a proportionate share of which will be borne indirectly by the Fund. As a result, the Fund's investment in an ETF will cause the Fund to indirectly bear the fees and expenses of the ETF and, in turn, the Fund's performance may be lower than if the Fund were to invest directly in the securities held by the underlying ETFs. In addition, the Fund will be exposed indirectly to all of the risks associated with securities held by the ETFs.

Management Risk – The Fund is actively managed, and the investment techniques and risk analyses used by the Fund's portfolio managers may not produce the desired results.

Any investment involves risk, and there is no assurance that the Fund's objective will be achieved. By itself, the Fund does not constitute a complete investment plan. As you consider an investment in the Fund, you also should take into account your tolerance for the daily fluctuations of the financial markets and whether you can afford to leave your money in the Fund for long periods of time to ride out down periods. As with other mutual funds, losing money is a risk of investing in the Fund.

30 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

PERFORMANCE

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund and illustrates the Fund's volatility by showing how performance has varied from year to year for each full calendar year over the past 10 years. The table shows how the Fund's average annual total returns for the periods indicated compared to those of the Fund's benchmark index. Performance reflects any expense limitations in effect during the periods shown.

Remember, historical performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate what will happen in the future. The Fund's most current performance information is available on the Fund's website at usaa.com (effective on or about July 6, 2020, performance information may be found at vcm.com) or by calling (800) 235-8396.

RISK/RETURN BAR CHART

Annual Returns for Periods Ended December 31

30%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

16.60%

17.37%

18.46%

19.57%

20%

 

 

 

14.22%

 

 

8.97%

 

 

 

 

 

 

10%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.15%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-2.71%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-3.75%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-10%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-8.53%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-20%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

The year-to-date return of the Fund as of March 31, 2020, was -18.76%.

During the periods shown in the chart:

Returns

Quarter ended

Highest Quarter Return

12.04%

September 30, 2010

Lowest Quarter Return

-14.98%

September 30, 2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prospectus | 31

 

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. In certain situations, the return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares may be higher than the other return amounts. A higher after-tax return may result when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and translates into an assumed tax deduction that benefits the shareholder. The actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. If you hold your shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account ("IRA") or 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns shown in the table are not relevant to you.

AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS

For Periods Ended December 31, 2019

 

1 Year

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

Fund Shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

19.57%

6.55%

7.86%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions

15.96%

4.63%

6.49%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund

 

 

 

Shares

13.57%

4.75%

6.07%

 

 

 

 

Index

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S&P Target Date 2040 Index (reflects no deduction for

 

 

 

fees, expenses, or taxes)

23.37%

8.11%

9.45%

 

 

 

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Victory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") serves as the Fund's investment adviser.

The portfolio managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are members of the Adviser's Victory Solutions platform.

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

Tenure with

 

Title

the Fund

 

 

 

Mannik S. Dhillon,

President, VictoryShares and Solutions

Since July 2019

CFA, CAIA

 

 

 

 

 

Wasif A. Latif

Head of Investments, VictoryShares and

Since 2008

 

Solutions

 

 

 

Lance Humphrey,

Portfolio Manager, VictoryShares and Solutions Since June

CFA

 

2018

 

 

 

 

 

 

32 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF SHARES

You may purchase or sell shares of the Fund on any business day through the vcm.com website or by telephone at (800) 235-8396. You also may purchase or sell shares of the Fund through certain other financial intermediaries. If you have opened an account directly with the Fund, you also may purchase and sell shares of the Fund by mail at P.O. Box 182593, Columbus, Ohio 43218-2593.

￿Minimum initial purchase: $500 or $50 with a $50 monthly systematic investment plan.

￿Minimum subsequent investment: $50

TAX INFORMATION

The Fund intends to make distributions that generally will be taxed to you as ordinary income or long-term capital gains, unless you are a tax-exempt investor or you invest through an IRA, 401(k) plan, or other tax-deferred account (in which case you may be taxed later, upon withdrawal of your investment from such account).

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of such shares and certain servicing and administrative functions. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

Prospectus | 33

 

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The USAA Target Retirement 2050 Fund (the "Fund") provides capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current investment allocation.

FEES AND EXPENSES

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay, directly and indirectly, to invest in the Fund. The annual fund operating expenses for the Fund are based on expenses incurred during the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year.

Shareholder Fees

(fees paid directly from your investment)None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fee

None

 

 

Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees

None

 

 

Other Expenses

0.04%

 

 

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses

0.59%

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

0.63%a,b

 

 

aThe total annual operating expenses for the Fund may not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average daily net assets shown in the financial highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.

bVictory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") has contractually agreed to reimburse expenses so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, capitalized expenses, and other extraordinary expenses) do not exceed 0.04% of the Fund through at least June 30, 2021. The Adviser is permitted to recoup expenses reimbursed for up to three years after the fiscal year in which the reimbursement took place, subject to the lesser of any operating expense limits in effect at the time of: (a) the original expense reimbursement; or (b) the recoupment, after giving effect to the recoupment amount. This agreement may only be terminated by the Fund's Board of Trustees.

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, the Fund's operating

34 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

expenses remain the same, and the expense limitation agreement for the Fund is not continued beyond its expiration date.

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

$64

$202

$351

$786

 

 

 

 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, including commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when shares of the Fund are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance.

For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 30% of the average value of its whole portfolio.

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGY

The Fund invests in a selection of affiliated mutual funds and exchange-traded funds ("ETFs") ("underlying affiliated funds") managed by the Adviser in a manner consistent with its current asset allocation as depicted in the "lifestyle transition path," based on the years left until retirement. The lifestyle transition path depicts how the asset allocation strategy shifts the Fund's assets among asset classes as the Fund becomes more conservative over time. The lifestyle transition path reflects the need for reduced investment risks and lower volatility as retirement approaches.

The Fund's asset allocation strategy is designed for investors planning to start withdrawing funds for retirement in or within a few years of the Fund's specific target date ("2050"). In general, the Fund's asset allocation strategy assumes funds will start being withdrawn for retirement purposes at age 65. However, the Fund should not be selected solely on the basis of an investor's age or the target date. The Fund does not provide guaranteed income for retirement.

Although the underlying affiliated funds are categorized generally as equity investments (equity securities or alternative asset classes) or fixed-income investments, many of these underlying affiliated funds invest in a mix of securities of domestic and foreign issuers, investment-grade and high-yield bonds, and other securities. As a result, the target asset allocation of the Fund may differ from the actual securities held by the underlying affiliated funds. Actual asset allocation also may differ from the lifestyle transition path as a result of market movement. The Fund's portfolio will be rebalanced on a regular basis, taking into account transaction costs. We may adjust the Fund's actual asset allocation from the targets specified in the lifestyle transition path

Prospectus | 35

 

 

based on market view or other conditions as part of an active asset allocation strategy, or make changes to the lifestyle transition path.

It is currently anticipated that at its target date, the Fund's target asset allocation will consist of approximately 35% of the Fund's net assets allocated to equity investments; and approximately 65% of the Fund's net assets allocated to fixed-income investments. The Fund's target asset allocation will not change after the target date has been reached unless approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees (the "Board").

Once the Fund's target asset allocation is similar to that of the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund, the Board, without shareholder approval, may combine the Fund with the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund. Shareholders will be notified prior to such a combination. Once such a combination occurs, shareholders will own shares of the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund.

Lifestyle Transition Path

Weight in Por¨olio

 

Equity & Alterna¨ve

 

Fixed Income

 

 

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Years To Retirement*

*Years to Re¨rement is the difference between the current year and the target date referenced in a Fund's name.

PRINCIPAL RISKS

The Fund's investments are subject to the following principal risks:

Affiliated Funds Risk – The risks of the Fund directly correspond to the risks of the underlying affiliated funds in which the Fund invests. By investing in the underlying affiliated funds, the Fund has exposure to the risk of many different areas of the market. The degree to which the risks described below apply to the Fund varies according to the Fund's asset allocation. For instance, the more the Fund is allocated to stock funds, the greater the risk associated with equity securities. The Fund also is subject to asset allocation

36 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

risk (i.e., the risk that allocations will not produce the intended results) and to management risk (i.e., the risk that the selection of underlying affiliated funds will not produce the intended results).

Conflict of Interest Risk – In managing a Fund that invests in underlying affiliated funds, the Adviser may have conflicts of interest in allocating the Fund's assets among the various underlying affiliated funds. This is because the fees payable by some of the underlying affiliated funds to the Adviser and/or its affiliates are higher than the fees payable by other underlying affiliated funds, and because the Adviser also manages and administers the underlying affiliated funds.

Stock Market Risk – Overall stock market risks may affect the value of the Fund. Domestic and international factors such as political events, war, trade disputes, interest rate levels and other fiscal and monetary policy changes, pandemics and other public health crises, and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. The impact of these and other factors may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

Equity Risk – The Fund may invest in underlying affiliated funds that invest in equity securities. The value of the equity securities in which the Fund invests may decline in response to developments affecting individual companies and/or general economic conditions. A company's earnings or dividends may not increase as expected due to poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters, military confrontations, war, terrorism, public health crises, or other events, conditions, and factors. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended periods.

Foreign Securities Risk – Foreign markets can be more volatile than the U.S. market due to increased risks of adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments and can perform differently from the U.S. market.

Emerging Markets Risk – Foreign securities risk can be particularly heightened because investments in emerging market countries generally are more volatile than investments in developed markets. Emerging market countries are less economically diverse and mature than more developed countries and tend to be politically less stable.

Debt Securities Risk – The Fund may invest in underlying affiliated funds that invest in debt securities or other income-producing securities. The value of a debt security or other income-producing security changes in response to various factors, including, for example, market-related factors (such as changes in interest rates or changes in the risk appetite of investors generally) and changes in the actual or perceived ability of the issuer (or of issuers generally) to meet its (or their) obligations.

Prospectus | 37

 

 

High-Yield/Junk Bond Risk – Fixed-income securities rated below investment grade, also known as "junk" or high-yield bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit, and liquidity risk than investment-grade securities. Their prices may be more volatile, especially during economic downturns, financial setbacks, or liquidity events. High-yield securities also can involve a substantially greater risk of default than higher quality debt securities, and their values can decline significantly over short and longer periods of time.

Credit Risk – Credit risk is the possibility that an issuer of a fixed-income security will fail to make timely interest and/or principal payments on its securities or that negative market perceptions of the issuer's ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline. The Fund accepts some credit risk as a recognized means to enhance an investor's return. All fixed-income securities, varying from the highest quality to the very speculative, have some degree of credit risk.

Interest Rate Risk – Bond prices generally are linked to the prevailing market interest rates. In general, when interest rates rise, bond prices

fall; conversely, when interest rates fall, bond prices rise. The price volatility of a bond also depends on its duration. Generally, the longer the duration of a bond, the greater is its sensitivity to interest rates. To compensate investors for this higher interest rate risk, bonds with longer durations generally offer higher yields than bonds with shorter durations.

Exchange-Traded Funds Risk – The Fund may invest in shares of ETFs, which generally are investment companies that hold a portfolio of common stocks or debt securities the shares of which are traded on an exchange. ETFs incur their own management and other fees and expenses, such as trustees' fees, operating expenses, registration fees, and marketing expenses, a proportionate share of which will be borne indirectly by the Fund. As a result, the Fund's investment in an ETF will cause the Fund to indirectly bear the fees and expenses of the ETF and, in turn, the Fund's performance may be lower than if the Fund were to invest directly in the securities held by the underlying ETFs. In addition, the Fund will be exposed indirectly to all of the risks associated with securities held by the ETFs.

Management Risk – The Fund is actively managed, and the investment techniques and risk analyses used by the Fund's portfolio managers may not produce the desired results.

Any investment involves risk, and there is no assurance that the Fund's objective will be achieved. By itself, the Fund does not constitute a complete investment plan. As you consider an investment in the Fund, you also should take into account your tolerance for the daily fluctuations of the financial markets and whether you can afford to leave your money in the Fund for long periods of time to ride out down periods. As with other mutual funds, losing money is a risk of investing in the Fund.

38 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

PERFORMANCE

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund and illustrates the Fund's volatility by showing how performance has varied from year to year for each full calendar year over the past 10 years. The table shows how the Fund's average annual total returns for the periods indicated compared to those of the Fund's benchmark index. Performance reflects any expense limitations in effect during the periods shown.

Remember, historical performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate what will happen in the future. The Fund's most current performance information is available on the Fund's website at usaa.com (effective on or about July 6, 2020, performance information may be found at vcm.com) or by calling (800) 235-8396.

RISK/RETURN BAR CHART

Annual Returns for Periods Ended December 31

30%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

16.70%

18.81%

19.39%

20.16%

20%

 

 

 

 

10%

 

 

 

14.97%

 

 

9.02%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.02%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-2.48%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-10%

-5.27%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-9.02%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-20%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

The year-to-date return of the Fund as of March 31, 2020, was -19.70%.

During the periods shown in the chart:

Returns

Quarter ended

Highest Quarter Return

13.54%

September 30, 2010

Lowest Quarter Return

-16.67%

September 30, 2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prospectus | 39

 

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. In certain situations, the return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares may be higher than the other return amounts. A higher after-tax return may result when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and translates into an assumed tax deduction that benefits the shareholder. The actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. If you hold your shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account ("IRA") or 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns shown in the table are not relevant to you.

AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS

For Periods Ended December 31, 2019

 

1 Year

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

Fund Shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

20.16%

6.77%

8.00%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions

16.78%

4.96%

6.80%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund

 

 

 

Shares

13.79%

4.96%

6.27%

 

 

 

 

Index

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S&P Target Date 2050 Index (reflects no deduction for

 

 

 

fees, expenses, or taxes)

24.53%

8.51%

9.85%

 

 

 

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Victory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") serves as the Fund's investment adviser.

The portfolio managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are members of the Adviser's Victory Solutions platform.

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

Tenure with

 

Title

the Fund

 

 

 

Mannik S. Dhillon,

President, VictoryShares and Solutions

Since July 2019

CFA, CAIA

 

 

 

 

 

Wasif A. Latif

Head of Investments, VictoryShares and

Since 2008

 

Solutions

 

 

 

Lance Humphrey,

Portfolio Manager, VictoryShares and Solutions Since June

CFA

 

2018

 

 

 

 

 

 

40 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF SHARES

You may purchase or sell shares of the Fund on any business day through the vcm.com website or by telephone at (800) 235-8396. You also may purchase or sell shares of the Fund through certain other financial intermediaries. If you have opened an account directly with the Fund, you also may purchase and sell shares of the Fund by mail at P.O. Box 182593, Columbus, Ohio 43218-2593.

￿Minimum initial purchase: $500 or $50 with a $50 monthly systematic investment plan.

￿Minimum subsequent investment: $50

TAX INFORMATION

The Fund intends to make distributions that generally will be taxed to you as ordinary income or long-term capital gains, unless you are a tax-exempt investor or you invest through an IRA, 401(k) plan, or other tax-deferred account (in which case you may be taxed later, upon withdrawal of your investment from such account).

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of such shares and certain servicing and administrative functions. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

Prospectus | 41

 

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The USAA Target Retirement 2060 Fund (the "Fund") provides capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current investment allocation.

FEES AND EXPENSES

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay, directly and indirectly, to invest in the Fund. The annual fund operating expenses for the Fund are based on expenses incurred during the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year.

Shareholder Fees

(fees paid directly from your investment)None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fee

None

 

 

Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees

None

 

 

Other Expenses

0.22%

 

 

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses

0.57%

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

0.79%a

Fee Waiver/Reimbursement from Adviser

(0.12%)

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Reimbursement

0.67%b

 

 

aThe total annual operating expenses for the Fund may not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average daily net assets shown in the financial highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.

bVictory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") has contractually agreed to reimburse expenses so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, capitalized expenses, and other extraordinary expenses) do not exceed 0.10% of the Fund through at least June 30, 2021. The Adviser is permitted to recoup expenses reimbursed for up to three years after the fiscal year in which the reimbursement took place, subject to the lesser of any operating expense limits in effect at the time of: (a) the original expense reimbursement; or (b) the recoupment, after giving effect to the recoupment amount. This agreement may only be terminated by the Fund's Board of Trustees.

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then

42 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, the Fund's operating expenses remain the same, and the expense limitation agreement for the Fund is not continued beyond its expiration date.

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

 

 

 

 

$68

$238

$425

$965

 

 

 

 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, including commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when shares of the Fund are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance.

For the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 29% of the average value of its whole portfolio.

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGY

The Fund invests in a selection of affiliated mutual funds and exchange-traded funds ("ETFs") ("underlying affiliated funds") managed by the Adviser in a manner consistent with its current asset allocation as depicted in the "lifestyle transition path," based on the years left until retirement. The lifestyle transition path depicts how the asset allocation strategy shifts the Fund's assets among asset classes as the Fund becomes more conservative over time. The lifestyle transition path reflects the need for reduced investment risks and lower volatility as retirement approaches.

The Fund's asset allocation strategy is designed for investors planning to start withdrawing funds for retirement in or within a few years of the Fund's specific target date ("2060"). In general, the Fund's asset allocation strategy assumes funds will start being withdrawn for retirement purposes at age 65. However, the Fund should not be selected solely on the basis of an investor's age or the target date. The Fund does not provide guaranteed income for retirement.

Although the underlying affiliated funds are categorized generally as equity investments (equity securities or alternative asset classes) or fixed-income investments, many of these underlying affiliated funds invest in a mix of securities of domestic and foreign issuers, investment-grade and high-yield bonds, and other securities. As a result, the target asset allocation of the Fund may differ from the actual securities held by the underlying affiliated funds. Actual asset allocation also may differ from the lifestyle transition path as a result of market movement. The Fund's portfolio will be rebalanced on a

Prospectus | 43

 

 

regular basis, taking into account transaction costs. We may adjust the Fund's actual asset allocation from the targets specified in the lifestyle transition path based on market view or other conditions as part of an active asset allocation strategy, or make changes to the lifestyle transition path.

It is currently anticipated that at its target date, the Fund's target asset allocation will consist of approximately 35% of the Fund's net assets allocated to equity investments; and approximately 65% of the Fund's net assets allocated to fixed-income investments. The Fund's target asset allocation will not change after the target date has been reached unless approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees (the "Board").

Once the Fund's target asset allocation is similar to that of the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund, the Board, without shareholder approval, may combine the Fund with the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund. Shareholders will be notified prior to such a combination. Once such a combination occurs, shareholders will own shares of the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund.

Lifestyle Transition Path

Weight in Por¨olio

 

Equity & Alterna¨ve

 

Fixed Income

 

 

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Years To Retirement*

*Years to Re¨rement is the difference between the current year and the target date referenced in a Fund's name.

PRINCIPAL RISKS

The Fund's investments are subject to the following principal risks:

Affiliated Funds Risk – The risks of the Fund directly correspond to the risks of the underlying affiliated funds in which the Fund invests. By investing in the underlying affiliated funds, the Fund has exposure to the risk of many different areas of the market. The degree to which the risks described below apply to the Fund varies according to the Fund's asset allocation. For instance, the more the Fund is allocated to stock funds, the greater the risk

44 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

associated with equity securities. The Fund also is subject to asset allocation risk (i.e., the risk that allocations will not produce the intended results) and to management risk (i.e., the risk that the selection of underlying affiliated funds will not produce the intended results).

Conflict of Interest Risk – In managing a Fund that invests in underlying affiliated funds, the Adviser may have conflicts of interest in allocating the Fund's assets among the various underlying affiliated funds. This is because the fees payable by some of the underlying affiliated funds to the Adviser and/or its affiliates are higher than the fees payable by other underlying affiliated funds, and because the Adviser also manages and administers the underlying affiliated funds.

Stock Market Risk – Overall stock market risks may affect the value of the Fund. Domestic and international factors such as political events, war, trade disputes, interest rate levels and other fiscal and monetary policy changes, pandemics and other public health crises, and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. The impact of these and other factors may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

Equity Risk – The Fund may invest in underlying affiliated funds that invest in equity securities. The value of the equity securities in which the Fund invests may decline in response to developments affecting individual companies and/or general economic conditions. A company's earnings or dividends may not increase as expected due to poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters, military confrontations, war, terrorism, public health crises, or other events, conditions, and factors. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended periods.

Foreign Securities Risk – Foreign markets can be more volatile than the U.S. market due to increased risks of adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments and can perform differently from the U.S. market.

Emerging Markets Risk – Foreign securities risk can be particularly heightened because investments in emerging market countries generally are more volatile than investments in developed markets. Emerging market countries are less economically diverse and mature than more developed countries and tend to be politically less stable.

Debt Securities Risk – The Fund may invest in underlying affiliated funds that invest in debt securities or other income-producing securities. The value of a debt security or other income-producing security changes in response to various factors, including, for example, market-related factors (such as changes in interest rates or changes in the risk appetite of investors generally) and changes in the actual or perceived ability of the issuer (or of issuers generally) to meet its (or their) obligations.

Prospectus | 45

 

 

High-Yield/Junk Bond Risk – Fixed-income securities rated below investment grade, also known as "junk" or high-yield bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit, and liquidity risk than investment-grade securities. Their prices may be more volatile, especially during economic downturns, financial setbacks, or liquidity events. High-yield securities also can involve a substantially greater risk of default than higher quality debt securities, and their values can decline significantly over short and longer periods of time.

Credit Risk – Credit risk is the possibility that an issuer of a fixed-income security will fail to make timely interest and/or principal payments on its securities or that negative market perceptions of the issuer's ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline. The Fund accepts some credit risk as a recognized means to enhance an investor's return. All fixed-income securities, varying from the highest quality to the very speculative, have some degree of credit risk.

Interest Rate Risk – Bond prices generally are linked to the prevailing market interest rates. In general, when interest rates rise, bond prices

fall; conversely, when interest rates fall, bond prices rise. The price volatility of a bond also depends on its duration. Generally, the longer the duration of a bond, the greater is its sensitivity to interest rates. To compensate investors for this higher interest rate risk, bonds with longer durations generally offer higher yields than bonds with shorter durations.

Exchange-Traded Funds Risk – The Fund may invest in shares of ETFs, which generally are investment companies that hold a portfolio of common stocks or debt securities the shares of which are traded on an exchange. ETFs incur their own management and other fees and expenses, such as trustees' fees, operating expenses, registration fees, and marketing expenses, a proportionate share of which will be borne indirectly by the Fund. As a result, the Fund's investment in an ETF will cause the Fund to indirectly bear the fees and expenses of the ETF and, in turn, the Fund's performance may be lower than if the Fund were to invest directly in the securities held by the underlying ETFs. In addition, the Fund will be exposed indirectly to all of the risks associated with securities held by the ETFs.

Management Risk – The Fund is actively managed, and the investment techniques and risk analyses used by the Fund's portfolio managers may not produce the desired results.

Any investment involves risk, and there is no assurance that the Fund's objective will be achieved. By itself, the Fund does not constitute a complete investment plan. As you consider an investment in the Fund, you also should take into account your tolerance for the daily fluctuations of the financial markets and whether you can afford to leave your money in the Fund for long periods of time to ride out down periods. As with other mutual funds, losing money is a risk of investing in the Fund.

46 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

PERFORMANCE

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund and illustrates the Fund's volatility by showing how performance has varied from year to year for each full calendar year since the Fund's inception. The table shows how the Fund's average annual total returns for the periods indicated compared to those of the Fund's benchmark index. Performance reflects any expense limitations in effect during the periods shown.

Remember, historical performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate what will happen in the future. The Fund's most current performance information is available on the Fund's website at usaa.com (effective on or about July 6, 2020, performance information may be found at vcm.com) or by calling (800) 235-8396.

RISK/RETURN BAR CHART

Annual Returns for Periods Ended December 31

30%

 

 

 

 

 

19.51%

20.09%

20%

8.80%

 

 

 

 

10%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.91%

0%

-2.47%

-10%

-20%

-9.18%

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

The year-to-date return of the Fund as of March 31, 2020, was -19.95%.

During the periods shown in the chart:

Returns

Quarter ended

Highest Quarter Return

9.77%

March 31, 2019

Lowest Quarter Return

-10.99%

December 31, 2018

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prospectus | 47

 

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. In certain situations, the return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares may be higher than the other return amounts. A higher after-tax return may result when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and translates into an assumed tax deduction that benefits the shareholder. The actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. If you hold your shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account ("IRA") or 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns shown in the table are not relevant to you.

AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS

For Periods Ended December 31, 2019

 

 

 

10 Years

 

 

 

(or Life

 

1 Year

5 Years

of Class)

 

 

 

 

Fund Shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

20.09%

6.70%

7.13%*

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions

18.23%

5.59%

6.12%

 

 

 

 

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund

 

 

 

Shares

12.79%

4.99%

5.40%

 

 

 

 

Index

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S&P Target Date 2060 Index (reflects no deduction for

 

 

 

fees, expenses, or taxes)

24.91%

8.70%

8.91%

 

 

 

 

* The inception date of the Fund is July 12, 2013.

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Victory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser") serves as the Fund's investment adviser.

The portfolio managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are members of the Adviser's Victory Solutions platform.

48 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

Tenure with

 

Title

the Fund

 

 

 

Mannik S. Dhillon,

President, VictoryShares and Solutions

Since July 2019

CFA, CAIA

 

 

 

 

 

Wasif A. Latif

Head of Investments, VictoryShares and

Since 2013

 

Solutions

 

 

 

Lance Humphrey,

Portfolio Manager, VictoryShares and Solutions Since June

CFA

 

2018

 

 

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF SHARES

You may purchase or sell shares of the Fund on any business day through the vcm.com website or by telephone at (800) 235-8396. You also may purchase or sell shares of the Fund through certain other financial intermediaries. If you have opened an account directly with the Fund, you also may purchase and sell shares of the Fund by mail at P.O. Box 182593, Columbus, Ohio 43218-2593.

￿Minimum initial purchase: $500 or $50 with a $50 monthly systematic investment plan.

￿Minimum subsequent investment: $50

TAX INFORMATION

The Fund intends to make distributions that generally will be taxed to you as ordinary income or long-term capital gains, unless you are a tax-exempt investor or you invest through an IRA, 401(k) plan, or other tax-deferred account (in which case you may be taxed later, upon withdrawal of your investment from such account).

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of such shares and certain servicing and administrative functions. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your financial adviser

Prospectus | 49

 

 

to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

50 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

Victory Capital Management Inc. ("Victory Capital" or "Adviser") manages these Funds. For easier reading, Victory Capital may be referred to as "we" or "us" throughout the prospectus.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

What is each Fund's investment objective?

Each Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current investment allocation. The Funds' Board of Trustees (the "Board") may change a Fund's investment objective without shareholder approval.

MORE INFORMATION ON EACH FUND'S INVESTMENT STRATEGY

What is each Fund's investment strategy?

Each Fund invests in a selection of affiliated mutual funds and exchange-traded funds ("ETFs") ("underlying affiliated funds") managed by the Adviser in a manner consistent with its current asset allocation as depicted in the lifestyle transition path. The lifestyle transition path depicts how the asset allocation strategy shifts each Fund's assets among asset classes as the Fund becomes more conservative over time. The lifestyle transition path reflects the need for reduced investment risks and lower volatility as retirement approaches.

A Fund's asset allocation strategy is designed for investors planning to start withdrawing funds for retirement in or within a few years of the Fund's specific target date referenced in its name. As an investor, you should consider choosing a Target Retirement Fund whose stated target date is closest to the date you expect to start withdrawing funds for retirement purposes. In general, the Target Retirement Funds' investment program assumes funds will start being withdrawn for retirement purposes at age 65. However, a Target Retirement Fund should not be selected solely on the basis of an investor's age or the target date. A Fund with an earlier target date generally represents a more conservative investment choice. A Fund with a later target date generally represents a more aggressive investment choice. The Target Retirement

Funds do not provide guaranteed income for retirement.

Although the underlying affiliated funds are categorized generally as equity investments (equity securities or alternative assets classes) or fixed-income investments, many of these underlying affiliated funds invest in a mix of securities of domestic and foreign issuers, investment-grade and high-yield bonds, and other securities. As a result, the target asset allocation of a Fund may differ from the actual securities held by the underlying affiliated funds. Actual asset allocations also may differ from the lifestyle transition path as a

Prospectus | 51

 

 

result of market movements. Each Fund's portfolio will be rebalanced on a regular basis, taking into account transaction costs.

The allocations reflected in the lifestyle transition path are considered "neutral" allocations because they do not reflect tactical decisions to overweight or underweight a particular asset class. We may adjust a Fund's actual asset allocation from the targets specified in the lifestyle transition based on market view or other conditions as part of an active asset allocation strategy, or make changes to the lifestyle transition path.

For the Target Retirement Funds that are farthest from their target dates, allocations to stocks are relatively high so that investors may benefit from their long-term growth potential while allocations to fixed-income securities are relatively low. We use this approach generally to help investors accumulate the assets needed during their retirement years. As time elapses and an investor's retirement date approaches, the Funds' neutral allocations to stocks will decrease in favor of fixed-income securities.

Lifestyle Transition Path

Weight in Por¨olio

 

Equity & Alterna¨ve

 

Fixed Income

 

 

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Years To Retirement*

*Years to Re¨rement is the difference between the current year and the target date referenced in a Fund's name.

Once a Fund's target asset allocation is similar to that of the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund, the Board, including a majority of the Trustees who are not "interested persons" of such Fund (as that term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended), without shareholder approval, may reorganize a Fund with and into the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund. The Board will approve such reorganization, subject to applicable regulations. After such reorganization occurs, shareholders will own shares of the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund.

52 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

RISKS

The following provides additional information about some of the Fund's principal risks and supplements those risks discussed in the Fund's Summary section of this Prospectus. The Fund's SAI provides more detail about these risks and other risks that the Fund may be subject to that are not considered to be primary risks.

The risks of each Target Retirement Fund correspond directly to the risks of the underlying affiliated funds in which each Target Retirement Fund invests. By investing in the underlying affiliated funds, each Target Retirement Fund has exposure to the risk of many different areas of the market. The degree to which the risks described below apply to a particular Target Retirement Fund varies according to the Fund's asset allocation. The more a Target Retirement Fund is allocated to stock funds, the greater the expected risk. Target Retirement Funds also are subject to asset allocation risk (i.e., the risk that allocations will not produce intended results) and to management risk (i.e., the selection of underlying affiliated funds will not produce intended results).

By investing in the underlying affiliated funds, each Target Retirement Fund has exposure to the following risks. For purposes of this section, the term "Fund" also may include underlying affiliated funds.

Affiliated Fund Risk: Because a Fund may invest its assets in various underlying affiliated funds, its ability to achieve its investment objective depends largely on the performance of the underlying affiliated funds in which it invests. Each underlying affiliated fund in which a Fund may invest has its own investment risks, and those risks can affect the value of the underlying affiliated fund's shares and, therefore, the value of a Fund's investments. There can be no assurance that any underlying affiliated fund will achieve its investment objective. To the extent that a Fund invests more of its assets in one underlying affiliated fund than in another, the Fund will have greater exposure to the risks of that underlying affiliated fund. In addition, a Fund will bear a pro rata portion of the operating expenses of the underlying affiliated funds, which also are managed by the Adviser, in which it invests.

In managing a Fund that invests in underlying affiliated funds, the Adviser may have conflicts of interest in allocating the Fund's assets among the various underlying affiliated funds. This is because the fees paid by some of the underlying affiliated funds to the Adviser and/or its affiliates are higher than others, and because the Adviser also manages and administers the underlying affiliated funds.

Derivatives Risk: A Fund may invest in futures, options, swaps, and other types of derivatives. Risks associated with derivatives include the risk that the derivative is not well-correlated with the security, index, ETF, or currency to which it relates; the risk that derivatives used for risk management may not have the intended effects and may result in losses, underperformance, or missed opportunities; the risk that a Fund will be unable to sell the derivative

Prospectus | 53

 

 

because of an illiquid secondary market; the risk that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its obligation; the risk of interest rate movements; and the risk that the derivatives transaction could expose a Fund to the effects of leverage, which could increase a Fund's market exposure, magnify investment risks and losses, and cause losses to be realized more quickly. In addition, proposed and current regulation may limit a Fund's ability to invest in derivatives. There is no guarantee that derivative techniques will be employed or that they will work as intended, and their use could lower returns or even result in losses to a Fund.

ETF Risk: ETFs, which generally are registered investment companies, incur their own management fees and other expenses, such as trustees' fees, operating expenses, registration fees, and marketing expenses, a proportionate share of which would be borne by the Fund. As a result, an investment by a Fund in an ETF could cause the Fund's operating expenses to be higher and, in turn, its performance to be lower than if it were to invest directly in the securities held by the ETF. In addition, the Fund will be exposed indirectly to all of the risks of the securities held by the ETFs.

A Fund may invest in "passive" ETFs that invest in the securities and sectors contained in the indexes they seek to track without regard for or analysis of the prospects of such securities or sectors. An ETF may invest in all of the securities in an index or in a representative sample of such securities. Passive ETFs will not attempt to take defensive positions in volatile or declining markets or under other conditions. Furthermore, such ETFs will not be able to duplicate exactly the performance of the underlying indexes they track.

The price of an ETF is determined by supply and demand. Thus, ETFs do not necessarily trade at their net asset value ("NAV"). A Fund will value any ETF in its portfolio at the ETF's last sale or closing market price, which typically approximates its NAV, although there may be times when the market price and NAV vary to a greater extent, which could affect the performance of the Fund.

In addition, although ETFs generally are listed on securities exchanges, there can be no assurances that an active trading market for such ETFs will be maintained. Secondary market trading in ETFs also may be halted by a national securities exchange because of market conditions or for other reasons. There can be no assurances that the requirements necessary to maintain the listing of an ETF on a national securities exchange will continue to be met or will remain unchanged.

Geopolitical/Natural Disaster Risk: Global economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely affect issuers in another country or region. Geopolitical and other risks, including war, terrorism, trade disputes, political or economic dysfunction within some nations, public health crises and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, may add to instability in world economies

54 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

and markets generally. Changes in trade policies and international trade agreements could affect the economies of many countries in unpredictable ways. Epidemics and/or pandemics, such as the coronavirus (or COVID-19), may result in, among other things, closing borders, disruptions to healthcare service preparation and delivery, quarantines, cancellations, disruptions to supply chains and consumer activity, as well as general concern and uncertainty. The impact may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

The COVID-19 pandemic, which has spread rapidly across the world, has led and will continue to lead for an unknown period of time to disruptions in local, regional, national and global markets and economies. Among other things, the outbreak has resulted in, and until fully resolved is likely to continue to result in, among other things (1) government imposition of various forms of "stay at home" orders and the closing of "non-essential" businesses, resulting in significant disruption to the businesses of many issuers as well as lay-offs of employees (2) increased requests by issuers of debt instruments for amendments and waivers of agreements to avoid default and increased defaults (3) volatility and disruption of markets, including greater volatility in pricing and spreads; and (4) rapidly evolving proposals and/or actions by state and federal governments to address problems being experienced by the markets and by businesses and the economy in general.

Global Real Estate Securities and Real Estate Investment Trust ("REITs") Investment Risk: The value of a Fund's investments in global real estate securities and REITs may decrease because of a decline in real estate values in domestic and/or foreign locations. Investing in REITs may subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. Additionally, REITs are dependent upon the capabilities of the REIT manager(s), have limited diversification, and may be particularly sensitive to economic downturns or changes in interest rates, real estate values, cash flows of underlying real estate assets, occupancy rates, zoning laws, or tax laws. Because REITs are pooled investment vehicles that have expenses of their own, the Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of those expenses.

Information Technology and Operations Risk: Markets and market participants are increasingly reliant upon both publicly available and proprietary information data systems. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies, unauthorized use or access, and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems and may have an adverse impact upon a single issuer, a group of issuers, or the market at large. The information technology and other operational systems upon which a Fund's service providers rely may be subject to cyber attack or other technological disruptions, and could otherwise disrupt the ability of these service providers to perform essential tasks for the Funds. In certain cases, an exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on either specific securities or even the entire market, which may result in a Fund being, among other things, unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments or accurately price its investments.

Prospectus | 55

 

 

Legislative Risk: A Fund is subject to legislative risk, which is the risk that new government policies may affect the value of the investments held by a Fund in ways we cannot anticipate and that such policies will have an adverse impact on the value of a Fund's investments and a Fund's NAV.

Leveraging Risk: Leveraging risk is the risk associated with securities or practices that multiply small price movements into large changes in value. The more a Fund invests in leveraged instruments or strategies that use leveraged instruments, the more this leverage will magnify any losses on those investments.

Liquidity Risk: Certain securities held by a Fund may be difficult (or impossible) to sell at the time and at the price a Fund would like due to a variety of factors, including general market conditions, the perceived financial strength of the issuer, or specific restrictions on resale of the securities. Consequently, a Fund may have to hold these securities longer than it would like and may forgo other investment opportunities. It also is possible that a Fund could be prevented from realizing capital gains or could be forced to incur capital losses if the Adviser is unable to sell a position at the time or price of the Adviser's choosing. Lack of liquidity may impact valuation of such securities and a Fund's NAV adversely, especially during times of financial distress. In addition, a Fund may not be able to raise cash when needed or may be forced to sell other investments to raise cash, which could impact a Fund's performance negatively. Infrequent trading of securities also may lead to an increase in price volatility. Liquidity is a general investment risk that potentially could impact any security, but funds that invest in privately placed securities, certain small-company securities, high-yield bonds, mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities, foreign or emerging-market securities, derivatives, or other structured investments, which all have experienced periods of illiquidity, generally are subject to greater liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in these types of securities.

Non-Diversification Risk: A fund is non-diversified if it invests a greater percentage of its assets in a single issuer. Because a relatively high percentage of the total assets of the underlying USAA Precious Metals and Minerals Fund may be invested in the securities of a single issuer or a limited number of issuers, the securities of this fund may be more sensitive to changes in the market value of a single issuer, a limited number of issuers, or large companies generally. Such a focused investment strategy may increase the volatility of the Fund's investment results, because the Fund may be more susceptible to risks associated with a single issuer or economic, political, or regulatory events than a diversified fund.

Options Strategy Risk: A Fund could experience a loss in the options portion of the portfolio, particularly during periods when market values are increasing but market volatility is high. When it sells index or ETF call options, the Fund receives cash but limits its opportunity to profit from an increase in the market value of its stock portfolio. When the Fund purchases index or ETF put options, it risks the loss of the cash paid for the options. At times, the

56 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

Fund may not own put options, which increases exposure to a market decline. When the Fund simultaneously buys index put options and also sells index put options to fund the purchases, resulting in an index put spread, the Fund has increased exposure to further market decline if the market price of the index falls below the strike price of the short index put option.

Over the Counter "OTC" Risk: OTC transactions involve risk in addition to those incurred by transactions in securities traded on exchanges. OTC-listed companies may have limited product lines, markets, or financial resources. Many OTC stocks trade less frequently and in smaller volume than exchange-listed stocks. The values of these stocks may be more volatile than exchange-listed stocks, and the Fund may experience difficulty in purchasing or selling these securities at a fair price.

Reallocation Risk: A Fund may change the allocation of its portfolio holdings on a frequent basis, which may result in high portfolio turnover. In purchasing and selling securities in order to reallocate the portfolio, a Fund will pay more in brokerage commissions than it would without a reallocation policy. A Fund may have a higher proportion of capital gains and a potentially lower return than a fund that does not have a reallocation policy.

Securities Lending Risk: Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other institutions on a fully collateralized basis. There is a risk of delay in recovering a loaned security and/or risk of loss in collateral if the borrower becomes insolvent. There also is risk of loss if the borrower defaults and fails to return the loaned securities. Each Fund could incur losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral from the loan, if the value of the short-term investments acquired with the cash collateral is less than the amount of cash collateral required to be returned to the borrower.

Tactical Allocation Risk: Each Fund has a targeted risk tolerance and a corresponding asset allocation target; however, mere asset allocation and volatility are not the sole determination of risk. We may tactically allocate away from the target allocation as market conditions and the perceived risks warrant.

To the extent a Target Retirement Fund has exposure to equity securities through investment in the underlying affiliated funds, it is subject to the following risks:

Dividend Payout Risk: A Fund is subject to dividend payout risk, which is the possibility that the companies in which it invests will reduce or eliminate dividends on the securities held by the Fund. Should many portfolio companies reduce or eliminate their dividend payments, the ability of the Fund to produce investment income to shareholders will be affected adversely.

Foreign Investing Risk: Foreign investing risk is the possibility that the value of a Fund's investments in foreign securities will decrease because of unique risks, such as currency exchange-rate fluctuations; foreign market illiquidity; emerging market risk; increased price volatility; uncertain political

Prospectus | 57

 

 

conditions; changes to trade policies and trade disputes; exchange control regulations; foreign ownership limits; different accounting, reporting, and disclosure requirements; less publicly available information about foreign issuers; difficulties in obtaining legal judgments; and foreign withholding taxes. Foreign investing may result in a Fund experiencing more rapid and extreme changes in value than a fund that invests exclusively in securities of U.S. companies. Three risks that require additional consideration are:

￿Emerging Markets Risk: Investments in countries that are in the early stages of their industrial development involve exposure to economic structures that generally are less economically diverse and mature than those in the United States and to political systems that may be less stable. Investments in emerging markets may be subject to the risk of abrupt and severe price declines, and emerging markets often lack liquidity. In addition, emerging-market countries may be more likely than developed countries to experience rapid and significant adverse developments in their political or economic structures. Emerging-market economies also may be overly reliant on particular industries, and more vulnerable to shifts in international trade, trade barriers, and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Governments of many emerging-market countries may participate, to a significant degree, in their economies and securities markets. Some emerging-market countries restrict foreign investments, impose high withholding or other taxes on foreign investments, impose restrictive exchange control regulations, or may nationalize or expropriate the assets of private companies. Emerging-market countries also may be subject to high inflation and rapid currency devaluations, and currency-hedging techniques may be unavailable in certain emerging-market countries.

￿Political Risk: Political risk includes a greater potential for coups d'état, revolts, and expropriation by governmental organizations.

￿European Economic Risk: Uncertainties surrounding the sovereign debt of a number of European Union ("EU") countries and the viability of the EU have disrupted and may in the future disrupt markets in the United States and around the world. If one or more countries leave the EU or the EU dissolves, the world's securities markets likely will be significantly disrupted. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom ("UK") left the EU, commonly referred to as "Brexit," and there commenced a transition period during which the EU and UK will negotiate the nature of their future relationship. There is significant market uncertainty regarding Brexit's ramifications, and the range and potential implications of possible political, regulatory, economic, and market outcomes are difficult to predict. This uncertainty may affect other countries in the EU and elsewhere, and may cause volatility within the EU, triggering prolonged economic downturns in certain countries within the EU. In addition, Brexit may create additional and

58 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

substantial economic stresses for the UK, including a contraction of the UK economy and price volatility in UK stocks, decreased trade, capital outflows, devaluation of the British pound, wider corporate bond spreads due to uncertainty, and declines in business and consumer spending as well as foreign direct investment. Brexit also may adversely affect UK-based financial firms that have counterparties in the EU or participate in market infrastructure (trading venues, clearing houses, settlement facilities) based in the EU. These events and the resulting market volatility may have an adverse effect on a fund's performance.

Large-Capitalization Company Risk: Investments in large-capitalization companies may go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions and may underperform other market segments. Some large-capitalization companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges and attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion. As such, returns on investments in stocks of large-capitalization companies could trail the returns on investments in stocks of small- and mid-capitalization companies.

Master Limited Partnerships ("MLPs") Investment Risk: MLPs carry many of the risks inherent in investing in a partnership, including risks related to limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting the MLP and risks related to potential conflicts of interest between the MLP and the MLP's general partner. Investing in MLPs also involves certain risks related to the underlying assets of the MLPs. MLPs generally are considered interest-rate sensitive investments, and during periods of interest rate volatility, may not provide attractive returns. MLPs operate in the energy sector and may be affected adversely by fluctuations in the prices and levels of supply and demand for energy commodities. MLPs also are subject to risks relating to their complex tax structure, including the risk that a change in current tax law or a change in the business of a given MLP could cause an MLP to lose its tax status as a partnership, which may reduce the value of the Fund's investment in the MLP and lower income to the Fund.

Momentum Risk: Momentum entails investing more in securities that have recently had higher total returns and investing less in securities that have had lower total returns. These securities may be more volatile than a broad cross-section of securities, and momentum may be an indicator that a security's price is peaking. Momentum can turn quickly and cause significant variation from other types of investments. A fund may experience significant losses if momentum stops, turns or otherwise behaves differently than predicted.

Precious Metals and Minerals Securities Risk: Because of commodity price volatility and the increased impact such volatility has on the profitability of precious metals and minerals companies, there are additional risks involved in investing in precious metals and minerals securities. However, since the

Prospectus | 59

 

 

market action of such securities has tended to move independently of the broader financial markets, the addition of precious metals and minerals securities to an investor's portfolio may reduce overall fluctuations in portfolio value.

Small-Capitalization Company Risk: Small-capitalization company risk is the risk of investing in smaller, less well-known companies, as opposed to investing in established companies with proven track records. Small- capitalization companies may be more vulnerable than larger companies to adverse business or economic developments. Small-capitalization companies also may have limited product lines, markets, or financial resources. Securities of such companies may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of larger companies or the market averages in general and, therefore, may involve greater risk than investing in the securities of larger companies. In addition, small-capitalization companies may not be well known to the investing public, may not have institutional ownership, and may have only cyclical, static, or moderate growth prospects.

Stock Market Risk: Because each Fund invests in stocks and other assets whose value is tied to stocks, they are subject to stock market risk. A company's stock price in general may decline over short or even extended periods of time, regardless of the success or failure of a company's operations. Stock markets tend to run in cycles, with periods when stock prices generally go up, and periods when stock prices generally go down. However, stock markets also can move up and down rapidly or unpredictably, based on overall economic conditions and other factors and may negatively impact Fund performance. Changes in the financial condition of a single issuer can impact a market as a whole and adverse market conditions may be prolonged and may not have the same impact on all types of securities. In addition, the markets may not favor a particular kind of security, including equity securities. Values of securities may fall due to factors affecting a particular issuer, industry or the securities market as a whole.

Market turmoil may be reflected in perceptions of economic uncertainty, price volatility in the equity and debt markets, and fluctuating trading liquidity. In response, governments may adopt a variety of fiscal and monetary policy changes, including but not limited to, direct capital infusions into companies, new monetary programs, and lower interest rates. These policies may not be successful, and any unexpected or quick reversal of these policies could increase volatility in the equity and debt markets. Market conditions and economic risks could have a significant effect on domestic and international economies, and could add significantly to the risks of increased volatility and decreased liquidity for the Funds' portfolio. Equity securities tend to be more volatile than debt securities.

Value Risk: Value investing entails investing in securities that are inexpensive (or "cheap") relative to other stocks in the universe based on ratios such as earnings to price or book to price and shorting securities that are expensive based on the same ratios. There may be periods when value investing is out of

60 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

favor, and during which the investment performance of a fund using a value strategy may suffer. In addition, value stocks are subject to the risks that their intrinsic value may never be realized by the market.

To the extent a Target Retirement Fund has exposure to fixed-income securities through investment in the underlying affiliated funds, it is subject to the following risks:

Credit Risk: Credit risk is the possibility that an issuer of a fixed-income security will fail to make timely interest and/or principal payments on its securities or that negative market perceptions of the issuer's ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline. Credit risk applies to all fixed-income securities in a Fund's portfolio and may apply to certain other securities in which a Fund may invest. The COVID-19 pandemic and other market events may affect the creditworthiness of the issuer of a fixed-income security and may impair an issuer's ability to timely meet its debt obligations as they come due.

When evaluating potential investments for a Fund, our analysts assess credit risk and its potential impact on the Fund's portfolio. In addition, the credit rating agencies may provide estimates of the credit quality of the potential investment. The ratings may not take into account every risk that interest and/or principal will be repaid on a timely basis. Lower credit ratings typically correspond to higher credit risk and higher credit ratings typically correspond to lower perceived credit risk. Securities in the lowest-rated investment-grade category have speculative characteristics. Credit ratings do not provide assurance against default or other loss of money. Nevertheless, even investment-grade securities typically are subject to some credit risk. If a security has not received a rating, a Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser's credit assessment. To the extent a Fund invests in U.S. government securities, credit risk with respect to such investments will be limited.

If a fund purchases asset-backed or mortgage-backed securities that are "subordinated" to other interests in the same pool of assets, the fund as a holder of those securities may only receive payments after the pool's obligations to other investors have been satisfied. In addition, changes in the values of the properties backing the loans, as well as changes in interest rates, may have a greater effect on the delinquency, foreclosure, bankruptcy, and loss experience of the loans in the pool than on loans originated in a more traditional manner. In addition, instability in the markets for such securities may affect the liquidity of such securities, which means that a fund may be unable to sell such securities at an advantageous time and price. As a result, the value of such securities may decrease and a fund may incur greater losses on the sale of such securities than under more stable market conditions. Furthermore, instability and illiquidity in the market for lower-rated asset-backed or mortgage-backed securities may affect the overall market for such securities, thereby impacting the liquidity and value of higher-rated securities.

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High-Yield/Junk Bond Risk: Fixed-income securities rated below investment grade ("junk" or high-yield bonds) should be regarded as speculative because their issuers are more susceptible to financial setbacks and recession than more creditworthy companies. High-yield bond issuers include small companies lacking the history or capital to merit investment-grade status, former blue chip companies downgraded because of financial problems, and firms with heavy debt loads. Many issuers of high-yield securities have characteristics (including, but not limited to, high levels of debt, an untested business plan, significant competitive and technological challenges, legal, and political risks) which cast doubt on their ability to honor their financial obligations. They may be unable to pay interest when due or return all the principal amount of their debt obligations at maturity. If the Fund invests in securities whose issuers develop unexpected credit problems, the Fund's NAV could decline. Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capability to make principal and interest payments on these securities than is the case for higher-rated securities.

Interest Rate Risk: As a mutual fund generally investing in bonds, a Fund is subject to the risk that the market value of the bonds in its portfolio will fluctuate because of changes in interest rates, changes in supply of and demand for investment securities, or other market factors. Bond prices generally are linked to the prevailing market interest rates. In general, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall; and conversely, when interest rates fall, bond prices rise. The price volatility of a bond also depends on its duration. Duration is a measure that relates the expected price volatility of a bond to changes in interest rates. The duration of a bond may be shorter than or equal to the full maturity of a bond. Generally, the longer the duration of a bond, the greater is its sensitivity to interest rates. Bonds with longer durations have more risk and will decrease in price as interest rates rise. For example, a bond with a duration of three years will decrease in value by approximately 3% if interest rates increase by 1%. To compensate investors for this higher interest rate risk, bonds with longer durations generally offer higher yields than bonds with shorter durations.

￿If interest rates increase, the yield of a Fund may increase and the market value of a Fund's securities may decline, adversely affecting a Fund's NAV and total return.

￿If interest rates decrease, the yield of a Fund may decrease and the market value of a Fund's securities may increase, which may increase a Fund's NAV and total return.

Changes in government monetary policy, including changes in a central bank's (e.g., the U.S. Federal Reserve (the "Fed")) implementation of specific policy goals, may have a substantial impact on interest rates, which in turn can significantly impact the value of the Fund's investments. There can be no assurance that a central bank's policy will be continued, discontinued or changed, or that any such policy will have the desired effect. A central bank's policy changes and related market speculation as to the timing of potential

62 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

interest rate changes may expose fixed-income markets to heightened volatility and may reduce liquidity for certain Fund investments, causing the value of the Fund's investments and share price to decline. For example, market developments and other factors, including a general rise in interest rates, have the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed-income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of fixed-income securities. Such a move, coupled with a reduction in the ability or willingness of dealers and other institutional investors to buy or hold fixed-income securities, may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed-income markets. Heavy redemptions of fixed-income mutual funds and decreased liquidity of fixed-income securities could hurt the Fund's performance.

Decisions by the Fed regarding interest rate and monetary policy can have a significant effect on the value of debt securities as well as the overall strength of the U.S. economy. Precise interest rate predictions are difficult to make, and interest rates may change unexpectedly and dramatically in response to extreme changes in market or economic conditions. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the U.S. and abroad, and central banks have reduced rates further in an effort to combat the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Extremely low or negative interest rates may become more prevalent or may not work as intended. As there is little precedent for this situation, the impact on various markets that interest rate or other significant policy changes may have is unknown.

Prepayment Risk: There is a risk that prepayments of mortgage-backed securities in a Fund's portfolio will require reinvestment at lower interest rates, resulting in less interest income to the Fund. Mortgagors generally may pay off mortgages without penalty before the due date. When mortgaged property is sold, which can occur at any time for a variety of reasons, the old mortgage usually is prepaid. Also, when mortgage interest rates fall far enough to make refinancing attractive, prepayments tend to accelerate. Prepayments require the Fund to reinvest principal at then-current interest rates, which often are lower than when the mortgages originally were issued. Reinvestment at lower rates tends to reduce the interest payments received by a Fund and, therefore, dividend payments available to shareholders. If reinvestment occurs at a higher level of interest rates, the opposite effect is true.

U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprises ("GSEs") Risk: While mortgage-backed securities, the value of which may be impacted by factors affecting the housing market, and other securities issued by certain GSEs, such as the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, securities issued by other GSEs are supported only by the right of the GSE (including the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac") and the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae")) to borrow from the

U.S. Treasury, the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase

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the GSEs' obligations, or by the credit of the issuing agency, instrumentality, or corporation, and are neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support if these organizations do not have the funds to meet future payment obligations. Therefore, if such a GSE were to default on its obligations, a Fund might not be able to recover its investment. GSEs also may be subject to Credit Risk and Interest Rate Risk. In September of 2008, the

U.S. Treasury placed Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae under conservatorship and appointed the Federal Housing Finance Agency ("FHFA") as their regulator. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae currently remain under conservatorship. In addition, the U.S. Treasury entered into purchase agreements with Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae to provide them with capital in exchange for senior preferred stock. While these arrangements are intended to ensure that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac can continue to meet their obligations, it is possible that actions by the U.S. Treasury, FHFA, or others could adversely impact the value of the Fund's investments in securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

This prospectus does not tell you about every policy or risk of investing in the Funds. For additional information about the Funds' investment policies and the types of securities in which the Funds' assets may be invested, you may request a copy of the Funds' statement of additional information ("SAI") (the back cover of this prospectus tells you how to do this).

DESCRIPTION OF UNDERLYING FUNDS

The investments of each Target Retirement Fund are invested in underlying affiliated funds, and each Target Retirement Fund's investment performance is directly related to the investment performance of these underlying affiliated funds. Many of these underlying affiliated funds may invest in a mix of securities of domestic and foreign issuers, investment-grade and high-yield bonds, and other securities. As a result, the target asset allocation of each Target Retirement Fund may differ from the actual securities held by the underlying affiliated funds.

Certain underlying affiliated funds have the ability to temporarily depart from their normal investment policies in response to extraordinary market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the underlying affiliated fund may succeed in avoiding losses, but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective, which in turn may prevent a Target Retirement Fund from achieving its investment objective.

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The following table gives a brief description of the objective and principal investment strategy of the underlying affiliated funds. The table is not a complete list of the underlying affiliated funds in which the Target Retirement Funds may invest. The Adviser may invest the assets of each Target Retirement Fund in other underlying affiliated funds without notice or shareholder approval.

Additional investment practices are described in more detail under the Investment Policies in the Target Retirement Funds' SAI and in each underlying affiliated fund's prospectus.

Funds

Objective/Strategy

 

 

USAA Aggressive Growth

capital appreciation/primarily invests in equity

Fund

securities of large companies selected for

 

growth potential

 

 

USAA Capital Growth Fund

seeks capital appreciation/primarily invests in

 

equity securities that are believed to be the

 

most attractive in the global marketplace

 

 

VictoryShares USAA Core

seeks high current income without undue risk

Intermediate-Term Bond ETF

to principal/invests primarily in

 

investment-grade corporate debt and U.S.

 

government securities

 

 

VictoryShares USAA Core

seeks high current income consistent with

Short-Term Bond ETF

preservation of principal/invest primarily in

 

corporate bonds and U.S. Treasury bonds

 

 

USAA Emerging Markets

capital appreciation/80% in equity securities

Fund

of emerging market companies

 

 

USAA Global Managed

seeks to attain long-term capital appreciation

Volatility Fund

while attempting to reduce volatility during

 

unfavorable market conditions/combines

 

domestic and foreign equity securities along

 

with the use of bonds and an option based

 

risk-management alternative strategy to

 

provide growth with greater downside risk

 

controls

 

 

USAA Government Securities

high level of current income inconsistent with

Fund

preservation of principal/80% in government

 

securities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prospectus | 65

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Funds

Objective/Strategy

 

 

USAA Growth Fund

long-term growth of capital/invests in a

 

diversified portfolio of equity securities

 

selected for their growth potential

 

 

USAA Growth & Income

seeks capital growth with a secondary

Fund

investment objective of current income/invests

 

primarily in equity securities that show the

 

best potential for total return through a

 

combination of capital growth and income

 

 

USAA High Income Fund

attractive total return primarily through high

 

current income and secondarily through

 

capital appreciation/primarily invests in

 

high-yield securities

 

 

USAA Income Fund

maximum current income without undue risk

 

to principal/primarily invests in U.S.

 

dollar-denominated debt securities that have

 

been selected for their high yields relative to

 

the risk involved

 

 

USAA Income Stock Fund

current income with prospect of increasing

 

dividend income and potential for capital

 

appreciation/80% in common stocks with at

 

least 65% normally invested in companies

 

that pay dividends

 

 

USAA Intermediate-Term

high current income without undue risk to

Bond Fund

principal/80% in debt securities with a dollar

 

weighted average portfolio maturity between

 

three to 10 years

 

 

USAA International Fund

capital appreciation/80% in equity securities

 

of foreign companies (including emerging

 

market companies)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

66 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Funds

Objective/Strategy

 

 

VictoryShares USAA MSCI

seeks to provide investment results that

Emerging Markets Value

closely correspond, before fees and expenses,

Momentum Blend Index ETF

to the performance of the MSCI Emerging

 

Markets Select Value Momentum Blend

 

Index/at least 80% in securities in this index,

 

depositary receipts on securities in this index,

 

and securities underlying depositary receipts

 

in this index

 

 

VictoryShares USAA MSCI

seeks to provide investment results that

International Value

closely correspond, before fees and expenses,

Momentum Blend Index ETF

to the performance of the MSCI World ex

 

USA Select Value Momentum Blend Index/at

 

least 80% in securities in this index,

 

depositary receipts on securities in this index,

 

and securities underlying depositary receipts

 

in this index

 

 

VictoryShares USAA MSCI

seeks to provide investment results that

USA Small Cap Value

closely correspond, before fees and expenses,

Momentum Blend Index ETF

to the performance of the MSCI USA Small

 

Cap Select Value Momentum Blend Index/at

 

least 80% in securities in this index

 

 

VictoryShares USAA MSCI

seeks to provide investment results that

USA Value Momentum Blend

closely correspond, before fees and expenses,

Index ETF

to the performance of the MSCI USA Select

 

Value Momentum Blend Index/ at least 80%

 

in securities in this index

 

 

USAA Precious Metals and

long-term capital appreciation and protect the

Minerals Fund

purchasing power of your capital against

 

inflation/80% in equity securities of domestic

 

and foreign companies principally engaged in

 

the exploration, mining, or processing of gold

 

and other precious metals and minerals

 

 

USAA Small Cap Stock Fund

long-term growth of capital/80% in equity

 

securities of companies with small market

 

capitalizations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prospectus | 67

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Funds

Objective/Strategy

 

 

USAA 500 Index Fund

seeks to match, before fees and expenses, the

 

performance of the stocks composing the

 

Victory US Large Cap 500 Index

 

 

USAA Short-Term Bond Fund

high current income consistent with

 

preservation of principal/80% in

 

investment-grade debt securities with a dollar

 

weighted average portfolio maturity of three

 

years or less

 

 

USAA Target Managed

seeks to maximize total return, primarily

Allocation Fund

through capital appreciation/invests primarily

 

in U.S. and/or foreign (to include emerging

 

markets) equity securities and fixed-income

 

securities through investments in shares of

 

other investment companies, including

 

exchange-traded funds and hedge funds, and

 

real estate securities, including real estate

 

investment trusts. Consistent with its

 

investment strategy, the Fund may at times

 

invest directly in U.S. and/or foreign equity

 

securities and fixed-income securities as well

 

as derivatives, including futures and options

 

contracts

 

 

USAA Ultra Short-Term Bond

seeks to provide high current income

Fund

consistent with preservation of principal/80%

 

in investment-grade debt securities that have a

 

dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity of

 

18 months (one and a half years) or less

 

 

USAA Value Fund

long-term growth of capital/primarily invests

 

in equity securities of companies considered

 

to be undervalued

 

 

USAA World Growth Fund

seeks capital appreciation/invests primarily in

 

equity securities of both foreign (including

 

emerging markets) and domestic issuers

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

68 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

A description of the Funds' policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds' portfolio securities is available in the Funds' SAI, which is available upon request.

FUND MANAGEMENT

Effective July 1, 2019, Victory Capital Management Inc. (the "Adviser"), a New York corporation that is registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") serves as the investment adviser to the Funds pursuant to an investment advisory agreement. The Adviser's principal address is 15935 La Cantera Pkwy, Building Two, San Antonio, Texas 78256. The Funds are six of 47 mutual funds offered by USAA Mutual Funds Trust (the "Trust"). Prior to July 1, 2019, USAA Asset Management Company ("AMCO") served as the Funds' investment adviser. Subject to the authority of the Board, the Adviser is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Funds business affairs. The Adviser is responsible for selecting each Fund's investments according to its investment objective, policies, and restrictions. As of March 31, 2020, the Adviser managed assets totaling in excess of $124 billion for numerous clients including large corporate and public retirement plans, Taft-Hartley plans, foundations and endowments, high net worth individuals and mutual funds.

The Funds' Board has the overall responsibility for overseeing the management of the Funds. A discussion regarding the basis of the Board's approval of the Funds' Advisory Agreement is available in the Fund's semiannual report to shareholders for the period ended June 30.

The Adviser is a multi-boutique asset manager comprised of multiple investment teams, referred to as investment franchises, each of which utilizes an independent approach to investment. The Adviser's Victory Solutions platform is responsible for the day-to-day investment management of the Fund.

Each Fund is authorized, although the Adviser has no present intention of utilizing such authority, to use a "manager-of-managers" structure. The Adviser could select (with approval of the Board and without shareholder approval) one or more subadvisers to manage the day-to-day investment of the Funds' assets. The Adviser would monitor each subadviser's performance through quantitative and qualitative analysis and periodically report to the Board as to whether a subadviser's agreement should be renewed, terminated, or modified. The Adviser also would be responsible for determining how the Funds' assets should be allocated to the subadvisers. The allocation for a subadviser could range from 0% to 100% of the Funds' assets, and the Adviser could change the allocations without shareholder approval.

Prospectus | 69

 

 

The Adviser provides investment management services to the Target Retirement Funds pursuant to an Advisory Agreement and receives no management fees for performing these investment management services. The Adviser does receive a management fee as the investment adviser to the Underlying Funds.

See Fees and Expenses in this Prospectus for information about any contractual agreement agreed to by the Adviser to reimburse expenses with respect to the Funds. From time to time, the Adviser also may voluntarily reimburse expenses in amounts exceeding those required to be reimbursed under any contractual agreement that may be in place with respect to the Funds.

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

Mannik S. Dhillon, CFA, CAIA, serves as President, VictoryShares and Solutions, for Victory Capital and has co-managed each Fund since July 2019. Mr. Dhillon served as Victory Capital's Head of Investment Solutions, Product, and Strategy from 2015-2017. He served as a managing director and head of manager research with Wilshire Associates, where he evaluated asset managers and led strategic consulting engagements from 2010-2015. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst ("CFA") and Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst ("CAIA").

Wasif A. Latif, Head of Investments, VictoryShares and Solutions, has co-managed each Fund except for the Target Retirement 2060 Fund since 2008. He has co-managed the Target Retirement 2060 Fund since 2013. Mr. Latif has 20 years of investment management experience, 10 of which were with AMCO, which was acquired by the Adviser's parent company in 2019.

Lance Humphrey, CFA, Portfolio Manager, VictoryShares and Solutions, has co-managed the Fund since June 2018. Mr. Humphrey has 13 years of investment management experience, 12 of which were with AMCO, which was acquired by the Adviser's parent company in 2019. He holds the Chartered Financial Analyst ("CFA") designation and is a member of the CFA Society of San Antonio.

The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers' compensation, other accounts managed, and ownership of Target Retirement Funds securities.

PURCHASES

OPENING AN ACCOUNT WITH THE FUNDS

You may purchase shares directly from the Fund or through certain investment professionals (e.g., financial intermediaries) as described below. You may call toll free at (800) 235-8396, Monday through Friday, 7:30 a.m. to 8 p.m., and

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Saturday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Central time, to inquire about opening an account with us. If you already have an account with us, you will not need to fill out another application to invest in another fund, including other funds managed by the Adviser (together with the Fund, we refer to these as the "Affiliated Funds" or so simply as the "Funds"), unless the registration is different or we need further information to verify your identity.

As required by federal law, we must obtain certain information from you prior to opening an account with us. If we are unable to verify your identity, we may refuse to open your account, or we may open your account and take certain actions without prior notice to you, including restricting account transactions pending verification of your identity. If we subsequently are unable to verify your identity, we may close your account and return to you the value of your shares at the next calculated NAV. We prohibit opening accounts for certain investors, including but not limited to, foreign financial institutions, shell banks, correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks, and correspondent accounts for foreign financial institutions. A "foreign shell bank" is a foreign bank without a physical presence in any country. A "correspondent account" is an account established for a foreign bank to receive deposits from, or to make payments or other disbursements on behalf of, the foreign bank, or to handle other financial transactions related to such foreign bank.

A fund or any class may be closed at any time for failure to achieve an economical level of assets or for other reasons.

TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

Each shareholder named on an account with us must provide a Social Security number or other taxpayer identification number to avoid "backup" tax withholding required by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). See the section titled Taxes for additional tax information.

SHARE CLASSES

Shares of the Funds are only available for sale in the United States and certain other areas subject to U.S. jurisdiction and may not be offered for sale in non-U.S. jurisdictions. Investors residing outside of the United States (except those with Air/Army Post Office ("APO"), Fleet Post Office ("FPO"), or Diplomatic Post Office ("DPO") addresses) generally may not purchase shares of the Funds, even if they are U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents.

We reserve the right, without notice, to change the eligibility criteria for purchasing a particular share class. For example, a class of shares may be available to purchase only by retirement plans or by institutional investors. We may also waive any applicable eligibility criteria or investment minimums at our discretion.

Prospectus | 71

 

 

You may on an account directly with the Fund and purchase shares of a Fund on the Internet, by telephone, or by mail. Shares also are available through certain financial intermediaries.

If shares of a Fund are purchased through a retirement account or a financial intermediary, the policies and procedures relating to these purchases may differ from those discussed in this prospectus and may vary. Additional fees also may apply to your investment in the Fund, including a transaction fee, if you buy or sell shares of the Fund through a broker or other investment professional. For more information on these fees, check with your investment professional.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

Your ability to purchase, exchange, redeem, and transfer shares will be affected by the policies of the financial intermediary through which you do business. Some policy differences may include: minimum investment requirements, exchange policies, fund choices, cutoff time for investments, and trading restrictions.

In addition, your financial intermediary may charge a transaction or other fee for the purchase or sale of shares of the Fund. Those charges are retained by the financial intermediary and are not shared with us. Please contact your financial intermediary or plan sponsor for a complete description of its policies.

Copies of each Fund's annual report, semiannual report, and SAI are available from your financial intermediary or plan sponsor.

MINIMUM INITIAL PURCHASE

$500 or $50 with a $50 monthly systematic investment plan. However, a Fund reserves the right to waive or lower purchase minimums in certain circumstances.

ADDITIONAL PURCHASES

$50 minimum per transaction, per account.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF PURCHASE

When you make a purchase, your purchase price will be the NAV per share next calculated after we or the financial intermediary receive your request in "proper form" as provided in the section titled Important Transaction Information. Each Fund's NAV per share is calculated as of the close of the regular trading session (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time) of the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") each day it is open for trading. If we or the financial intermediary receive your purchase request in proper form prior to that time, your purchase price will be the NAV per share calculated for that day. If we

72 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

or the financial intermediary receive your purchase request in proper form after that time, the purchase price will be the NAV per share calculated as of the close of the next regular trading session of the NYSE.

The Fund or the Funds' distributor or transfer agent may enter into agreements with Servicing Agents (such as financial intermediaries or plan sponsors), which hold shares of a Fund in omnibus accounts for their customers, under which the Servicing Agents are authorized to receive orders for shares of a Fund on a Fund's behalf. Under these arrangements, a Fund will be deemed to have received an order when an authorized Servicing Agent receives the order. Accordingly, customer orders will be priced at the respective Fund's NAV per share next calculated after they are received by an authorized Servicing Agent even though the orders may be transmitted to the Fund by the Servicing Agent after the time a Fund calculates its NAV.

PAYMENT

If you hold an account directly with a Fund and you plan to purchase shares from us with a check, the instrument must be written in U.S. dollars and drawn on a U.S. bank. In addition, initial purchases into an account by electronic funds transfer or check may be held for up to 30 days before any redemptions may be processed. We do not accept the following foreign instruments: checks, money orders, traveler's checks, or other similar instruments. In addition, we do not accept cash or coins. If you plan to purchase shares through a financial intermediary, please check with that financial intermediary regarding acceptable forms of payment.

REDEMPTIONS

For federal income tax purposes, a redemption of shares of a Fund is a taxable event, upon which you may recognize a capital gain or loss (unless you hold the shares of the Fund in a tax-deferred account or are a tax-exempt investor). A capital gain or loss is based on the difference between your basis in the redeemed shares and the proceeds you receive upon their redemption. See the section titled Taxes for information regarding basis election and reporting.

Each Fund may elect to suspend the redemption of shares or postpone the date of payment in limited circumstances (e.g., if the NYSE is closed or when permitted by order of the SEC).

Under normal market conditions, each Fund typically expects to meet redemption requests by paying out proceeds from cash or cash equivalent portfolio holdings, or by selling portfolio holdings. Under deteriorating market conditions or market stress, the Fund also may borrow from a line of credit to which the Funds and certain other Affiliated Funds are parties. A Fund and the other Affiliated Funds are limited as to the amount that each may individually and collectively borrow under the line of credit. As a result, borrowings

Prospectus | 73

 

 

available to a Fund may be insufficient to satisfy Fund redemption requests. In addition, each Fund reserves the right to honor redemption orders wholly or partly with in-kind distributions of Fund portfolio securities instead of cash.

REDEEMING SHARES

If you have a direct account with a Fund, you may redeem shares of the Fund on the Internet, by telephone, or by mail on any day the NAV per share is calculated. Shareholders will receive a redemption price of the NAV per share next calculated after we receive your request in "proper form" as provided in the section titled Important Transaction Information. If we receive your redemption request in proper form prior to the close of the NYSE's regular trading session (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time), your redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated for that day. If we receive the redemption request after that time, the redemption price will be the NAV per share calculated as of the close of the next regular trading session of the NYSE.

Each Fund has undertaken certain authentication procedures regarding telephone transactions and will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. Before any discussion regarding your account, we will obtain certain information from you to verify your identity. Additionally, your telephone calls may be recorded or monitored, and confirmations of account transactions are sent to the address of record or by electronic delivery to your designated e-mail address.

If you hold shares of the Fund through an account directly with the Fund, the Fund typically expects to pay out redemption proceeds on the next business day after your order is received in proper form; however, it may take up to seven days to send your proceeds. Payment for redemption of shares purchased by electronic funds transfer ("EFT") or check will be sent after the EFT or check has cleared, which could take up to 30 days from the initial purchase date into the Fund and, for any subsequent purchases into the Fund, seven business days from the purchase date.

If you hold shares of the Fund with a financial intermediary, please contact your financial intermediary regarding redemption policies. Generally, any redemption request you place with your financial intermediary in proper form prior to the close of the NYSE (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time) will receive the NAV per share calculated for that day, subject to the financial intermediary's applicable policies and procedures. Normally, a Fund transmits proceeds to intermediaries for redemption orders that are received in proper form on the next business day after receipt. Under certain circumstances and when deemed to be in a Fund's best interests, proceeds may not be sent to intermediaries for up to seven days after receipt of the redemption order.

74 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

EXCHANGES

For federal income tax purposes, an exchange between funds is a taxable event, upon which you may recognize a capital gain or loss (unless you hold the shares of a Fund in a tax-deferred account or are a tax-exempt investor). Such a gain or loss is based on the difference, if any, between your basis in the exchanged shares and the aggregate NAV of the shares you receive in the exchange. See the section titled Taxes for information regarding basis election and reporting.

EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE

You may exchange shares between funds in the USAA family of funds, provided the shares to be acquired are offered in your state of residence. A Fund, however, reserves the right to terminate or change the terms of an exchange offer.

If you have opened an account directly with a Fund, you may make exchanges on usaa.com or on mobile.usaa.com. After we receive the exchange orders, the Fund's transfer agent will simultaneously process exchange redemptions and purchases at the share prices next calculated pursuant to the procedures set forth herein. See the section titled Effective Date of Purchase for additional information. The investment minimums applicable to share purchases also apply to exchanges.

If you hold shares of a Fund in an account with a financial intermediary or plan sponsor, the policies and procedures on an exchange may differ from those discussed in this prospectus. Additional fees also may apply to your investment in a Fund, including a transaction fee, if you buy, sell, or exchange shares of a Fund through a broker or other investment professional. For more information on these fees, check with your investment professional.

OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT PURCHASES, REDEMPTIONS, AND EXCHANGES

Contacting the USAA Funds

The following features may be available to you to purchase, redeem, and exchange shares of a Fund you hold in an account opened directly with a Fund. Effective on or about July 6, 2020, all website transactions should be placed online at vcm.com.

Prospectus | 75

 

 

Internet Access

￿Review account information and make most account transactions. This includes making purchases, exchanges, and redemptions; reviewing account activity; checking balances; and more.

Mobile Access

￿Review account information and make most account transactions.

Telephone System (800) 235-8396

￿Access account information and make most account transactions.

Telephone

￿Call toll free (800) 235-8396 Monday – Friday, 7:30 a.m. to 8 p.m. and Saturday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Central time, to speak with a member service representative. However, we reserve the right to modify these hours in our discretion as circumstances warrant.

Mail

￿If you would like to make a purchase or request a redemption by mail, send your written instructions to:

Regular Mail:

USAA Mutual Funds

P.O. Box 182593

Columbus, OH 43218-2593

Registered or Express Mail:

USAA Mutual Funds

4249 Easton Way

Suite 400

Columbus, OH 43219

Bank Wire

￿To add to your account or request a redemption by bank wire, visit the usaa.com website or call (800) 235-8396 for instructions. This helps to ensure that your account will be credited or debited promptly and correctly.

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Electronic Funds Transfer

￿Additional purchases on a regular basis may be deducted electronically from a bank account. Sign up for these services when opening an account, visit the usaa.com website or call (800) 235-8396 for assistance.

IMPORTANT TRANSACTION INFORMATION

Purchase, redemption, and exchange requests are not processed until received in proper form. "Proper form" means actual receipt of the order along with all information and supporting documentation necessary to effect the transaction. Complete information may include any verification or confirmation of identity that the Funds transfer agent or other authorized Fund agent may request. For purchase requests, "proper form" also generally includes receipt of sufficient funds to effect the purchase. Each Fund, its transfer agent, or any authorized Fund agent may, in its sole discretion, determine whether any particular transaction request is in good order and reserve the right to change or waive any good order requirement at any time. Financial intermediaries may have their own requirements for recognizing a transaction in proper form or good order. If you hold your shares through a financial intermediary, please contact them for specific proper form or good order requirements.

IRA DISTRIBUTION FEE

Each Fund may apply a distribution fee to all full IRA distributions, except for those due to death, disability, or divorce. Partial IRA distributions are not charged a distribution fee.

ACCOUNT BALANCE

Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc., the Funds' transfer agent, may assess annually a small balance account fee of $12 to each shareholder account with a balance of less than $2,000 at the time of assessment. Accounts exempt from the fee include: (1) any account regularly purchasing additional shares each month through an automatic investment plan; (2) any UGMA/UTMA account; (3) all (non-IRA) money market fund accounts; (4) any account whose registered owner has an aggregate balance of $50,000 or more invested in Affiliated Funds and (5) all IRAs (for the first year the account is open). The fee is not currently being assessed. The Fund will provide advance notice in the event it is assessed in the future.

EXCESSIVE SHORT-TERM TRADING

The Affiliated Funds generally are not intended as short-term investment vehicles (except for the money market funds, USAA Short-Term Bond Fund, USAA Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and USAA Tax Exempt Short-Term

Prospectus | 77

 

 

Fund). Some investors try to profit by using excessive short-term trading practices involving mutual fund shares, frequently referred to as "market timing."

Excessive short-term trading activity can disrupt the efficient management of a fund and raise its transaction costs by forcing portfolio managers to first buy and then sell portfolio securities in response to a large investment or redemption by short-term traders. While there is no assurance that the Affiliated Funds can deter all excessive and short-term trading, the Board has adopted the following policies (except for the money market funds, USAA Short-Term Bond Fund, USAA Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and USAA Tax Exempt Short-Term Fund). These policies are designed to deter disruptive, excessive short-term trading without needlessly penalizing bona fide investors.

To deter such trading activities, the Affiliated Funds' policies and procedures state that:

￿Each Affiliated Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order, including an exchange, that it regards as disruptive to the efficient management of the particular fund.

￿Each Affiliated Fund may use a fair value pricing service or other model to assist in establishing the current value of foreign securities held by the Affiliated Fund. Fair value pricing is used to adjust for "stale pricing" that may occur between the close of certain foreign exchanges or markets and the time when the Affiliated Fund calculates its NAV per share. The use of fair value pricing is intended to deter investors who may be trying to take advantage of time-zone differences in the valuation of foreign securities and to prevent dilution to long-term investors. Fair value pricing of a foreign security can result in an Affiliated Fund using a price that is higher or lower than the closing price of a foreign security for purposes of calculating an Affiliated Fund's NAV.

THE AFFILIATED FUNDS' RIGHT TO REJECT PURCHASE AND EXCHANGE ORDERS AND LIMIT TRADING IN ACCOUNTS

The Affiliated Funds' main safeguard against excessive short-term trading is their right to reject purchase or exchange orders if in the best interest of the affected fund. In exercising this discretion to reject purchase and exchange orders, the Affiliated Funds deem that certain excessive short-term trading activities are not in the best interest of the fund because such activities can hamper the efficient management of the fund. Generally, persons who engage in an "in and out" (or "out and in") transaction within a 30-day period will violate the Affiliated Funds' policy if they engage in another "in and out" (or "out and in") transaction in the same fund within 90 days. The Affiliated Funds also reserve the right to restrict future purchases or exchanges if an investor is classified as engaged in other patterns of excessive short-term trading, including after one large disruptive purchase and redemption or

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exchange. Finally, the Affiliated Funds reserve the right to reject any other purchase or exchange order in other situations that do not involve excessive short-term trading activities if in the best interest of a fund.

The following transactions are exempt from the excessive short-term trading activity policies described above:

￿Transactions in the money market funds, USAA Short-Term Bond Fund, USAA Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and USAA Tax Exempt Short-Term Fund;

￿Purchases and sales pursuant to automatic investment or withdrawal plans;

￿Purchases and sales made through USAA 529 College Savings PlanTM;

￿Purchases and sales by the USAA Target Retirement Funds, USAA Cornerstone Conservative Fund, and/or USAA Cornerstone Equity Fund; and

￿Other transactions that are not motivated by short-term trading considerations if they are approved by transfer agent management personnel and are not disruptive to a fund.

If a person is classified as having engaged in excessive short-term trading, the remedy will depend upon the trading activities of the investor in the account and related accounts and its disruptive effect, and can include warnings to cease such activity and/or restrictions or termination of trading privileges in a particular Affiliated Fund or all of the Affiliated Funds.

The Affiliated Funds rely on the transfer agent to review trading activity for excessive short-term trading. There can be no assurance, however, that its monitoring activities will successfully detect or prevent all excessive short-term trading. The Affiliated Funds or the transfer agent may exclude transactions below a certain dollar amount from monitoring and may change that dollar amount from time to time.

The Affiliated Funds seek to apply these policies and procedures uniformly to all investors; however, some investors purchase shares of an Affiliated Fund through financial intermediaries that establish omnibus accounts to invest in the Affiliated Funds for their clients and submit net orders to purchase or redeem shares after combining their client orders. The Affiliated Funds subject to the short-term trading policies generally treat these omnibus accounts as an individual investor and will apply the short-term trading policies to the net purchases and sales submitted by the omnibus account unless the Affiliated Funds or their transfer agent have entered into an agreement requiring the omnibus account to submit the underlying trading information for their clients upon our request and/or monitor for excessive trading. For those omnibus accounts for which we have entered into agreements to monitor excessive trading or provide underlying trade information, the financial intermediary or Affiliated Funds will review net activity in these omnibus accounts for

Prospectus | 79

 

 

activity that indicates potential, excessive short-term trading activity. If we detect suspicious trading activity at the omnibus account level, we will request underlying trading information and review the underlying trading activity to identify individual accounts engaged in excessive short-term trading activity. We will instruct the omnibus account to restrict, limit, or terminate trading privileges in a particular fund for individual accounts identified as engaging in excessive short-term trading through these omnibus accounts.

We also may rely on the financial intermediary to review for and identify underlying trading activity for individual accounts engaged in excessive short-term trading activity, and to restrict, limit, or terminate trading privileges if the financial intermediary's policies are determined by us to be at least as stringent as the Affiliated Funds' policy. For shares purchased through financial intermediaries there may be additional or more restrictive policies. You may wish to contact your financial intermediary to determine the policies applicable to your account.

Because of the increased costs to review underlying trading information, the Affiliated Funds will not enter into agreements with every financial intermediary that operates an omnibus account. The Affiliated Funds or their transfer agent could decide to enter into such contracts with financial intermediaries for all funds or particular funds and can terminate such agreements at any time.

OTHER FUND RIGHTS

The Funds reserve the right to:

￿Reject or restrict purchase or exchange orders when in the best interest of the Fund;

￿Limit or discontinue the offering of shares of the Fund without notice to the shareholders;

￿Calculate the NAV per share and accept purchase, exchange, and redemption orders on a business day that the NYSE is closed;

￿Redeem some or all of its shares in kind when in the best interest of the Fund;

￿Require a signature guarantee for transactions or changes in account information in those instances where the appropriateness of a signature authorization is in question (the SAI contains information on acceptable guarantors);

￿Redeem an account with less than $500, with certain limitations;

￿Restrict or liquidate an account when necessary or appropriate to comply with federal law; and

￿Discontinue or otherwise limit the opening of accounts with us.

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SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

Certain financial intermediaries perform recordkeeping, networking, administrative, sub-transfer agency, and shareholder services for their clients with respect to their investments in a Fund that otherwise would be performed by the Fund's transfer agent or administrator and shareholder servicing agent. In some circumstances, we, or one of our affiliates, will pay a financial intermediary for these services out of our own resources. In other circumstances, a Fund will pay a fee to the financial intermediary for performing those services. A Fund will not pay financial intermediaries more than it would pay its direct service providers for transfer agency, administration, and/or shareholder services. In cases where intermediary fees are higher due to differences in the services being provided or other factors, the additional amounts will be paid by us and/or the distributor. In addition, these payments generally are based on either (1) a percentage of the average daily net assets of Fund shareholders' accounts serviced by a financial intermediary or (2) a fixed dollar amount for each account serviced by a financial intermediary. The aggregate amount of these payments may be substantial.

In addition, we and the Fund's distributor may make payments to intermediaries for various additional services, other expenses, and/or the financial intermediaries' distribution of shares of a Fund. Such payments are sometimes referred to as "revenue sharing" and generally are negotiated with a financial intermediary on the basis of such factors as the number or value of shares of a Fund that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; or the type and nature of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary. Such revenue sharing payments are intended to compensate a financial intermediary for one or more of the following: (1) distribution, which may include expenses incurred by financial intermediaries for their sales activities with respect to a Fund, such as preparing, printing, and distributing sales literature and advertising materials and compensating registered representatives or other employees of such financial intermediaries for their sales activities, as well as the opportunity for a Fund to be made available by such financial intermediaries; (2) shareholder services, such as providing individual and custom investment advisory services to clients of the financial intermediaries; and (3) marketing and promotional services, including business planning assistance, educating personnel about a Fund, including a Fund on preferred or recommended lists or in certain sales programs sponsored by the intermediary, and sponsorship of sales meetings, which may include covering costs of providing speakers. The distributor may sponsor seminars and conferences designed to educate financial intermediaries about a Fund and may cover the expenses associated with attendance at such meetings, including travel costs. These payments and activities are intended to educate financial intermediaries about a Fund and may help defray or

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compensate the financial intermediary for the costs associated with offering a Fund. We (and our affiliates) also may pay fixed fees for the listing of a Fund on a broker-dealer's or financial intermediary's system. Such payments are not considered to be revenue sharing payments.

The payments also may, to the extent permitted by applicable regulations, contribute to various non-cash and cash incentive arrangements to promote the sale of shares of a Fund, as well as sponsor various educational programs, sales contests and/or promotions. We and the Fund's distributor may, from time to time, provide occasional gifts, meals, tickets or other entertainment, or support for due diligence trips. These payments are in addition to any fees paid by a Fund to compensate financial intermediaries for providing distribution-related services to a Fund and/or shareholder services to Fund shareholders. These payments may be a fixed dollar amount or may be based on a percentage of the value of shares sold to, or held by, customers of the financial intermediary involved. The amount of these payments may be substantial and may differ among financial intermediaries. In addition, certain financial intermediaries may have access to certain services from us or the distributor, including research reports and economic analysis, and portfolio analysis tools. In certain cases, the financial intermediary may not pay for these services. These payments and other arrangements may create a conflict of interest by influencing the financial intermediary to recommend a Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information. The amount of any payments described by this paragraph is determined by us or the distributor, and all such amounts are paid out of our available assets or the assets of the distributor and do not directly affect the total expense ratio of a Fund.

SHARE PRICE CALCULATION

The price at which you purchase and redeem shares of a Fund is equal to the NAV per share calculated on the effective date of the purchase or redemption. The NAV per share is calculated by adding the value of a Fund's assets (i.e., the value of its investments and other assets), deducting liabilities, and dividing by the number of shares outstanding. Shares of a Fund may be purchased and sold at the NAV per share without a sales charge. A Fund's NAV per share is calculated as of the close of the NYSE (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time) each day that the NYSE is open for regular trading. The NYSE is closed on most national holidays and Good Friday.

VALUATION OF SECURITIES

The Adviser has established a Pricing and Liquidity Committee (the "Committee"); and subject to Board oversight and approval, the Committee administers and oversees a Fund's valuation policies and procedures. Among other things, these policies and procedures allow a Fund to utilize independent pricing services, quotations from securities dealers, and a wide variety of

82 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

sources and information to establish and adjust the fair value of securities as events occur and circumstances warrant.

Each Target Retirement Fund's NAV is calculated based upon the NAVs of the underlying affiliated funds in which the Target Retirement Funds invest, which are calculated on the same day and time as the NAV of the respective Target Retirement Fund. The assets of each underlying affiliated fund are valued generally by using available market quotations or at fair value as determined in good faith by or under the direction of the underlying fund's Board. The prospectuses for the underlying affiliated funds explain the circumstances under which those funds will use fair value pricing and the effects of doing so.

DIVIDENDS AND OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS

Each Target Retirement Fund, except for the USAA Target Retirement Income Fund intends to, pay distributions of net investment income ("dividends") annually. The USAA Target Retirement Income Fund pays dividends quarterly. Ordinarily, any net realized capital gains are distributed in December of each year. A Fund may make additional distributions to shareholders when considered appropriate or necessary. For example, a Fund could make one or more additional distributions to avoid the imposition of any federal income or excise taxes, or may not make a distribution to limit returns of capital.

Each Target Retirement Fund automatically reinvests all dividends and other distributions in additional shares of the Fund unless you request to receive those distributions by way of electronic funds transfer. The share price for a reinvestment is the NAV per shares computed on the ex-distribution date. Any distribution made by the Fund reduces the NAV per share by the amount of the distribution on the ex-distribution date. You should consider carefully the effects of purchasing shares of the Fund shortly before any distribution. Some or all distributions are subject to taxes. Each Fund will invest in your account, at the current NAV per share, any distribution payment returned to us by your financial institution.

TAXES

The following tax information is quite general and refers to the federal income tax law in effect as of the date of this prospectus.

Treatment of the Fund

Each Fund, which is treated as a separate corporation for federal tax purposes, has qualified for each past taxable year, and intends to continue to qualify, for treatment as a "regulated investment company" under the Code. By doing so, each Fund (but not its shareholders) is relieved of federal income tax on the part of its investment company taxable income (consisting generally of taxable net investment income, the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss ("net short-term gain"), and net gains and losses from certain foreign currency transactions, if any, all determined without

Prospectus | 83

 

 

regard to any deduction for dividends paid) and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), if any, that it distributes to its shareholders.

Shareholder Taxation

Distributions that shareholders receive from a Fund generally are subject to federal income tax and may be subject to state and/or local taxes. Dividends and distributions of net short-term gains are taxable to you as ordinary income, whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of a Fund. A portion of a Fund's dividends (which is not expected to be substantial) may qualify for (1) the 50% dividends-received deduction available to corporations, and (2) the lower maximum federal income tax rates applicable to "qualified dividend income" of individuals and certain other non-corporate shareholders (each, an "individual shareholder") who satisfy certain holding period and other restrictions with respect to their shares of a Fund—a maximum of 15% for a single shareholder with taxable income not exceeding $441,450 ($496,600 for married shareholders filing jointly) and 20% for those individual shareholders with taxable income exceeding those respective amounts (which are effective for 2020 and will be adjusted for inflation annually thereafter).

Regardless of the length of time you have held shares of a Fund, distributions of net capital gains that a Fund realizes are taxable to you as long-term capital gains, whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of a Fund.

Those distributions are taxed to individual shareholders at the 15% and 20% tax rates described above.

You may realize a capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes on a redemption or an exchange (which is treated like a redemption for those purposes) of shares of a Fund. Your gain or loss is based on the difference, if any, between your basis in the redeemed (or exchanged) shares and the redemption proceeds (or the aggregate NAV of the shares of the fund into which you exchange) you receive. Any capital gain an individual shareholder recognizes on a redemption or exchange of his or her shares of a Fund that have been held for more than one year will qualify for the 15% and 20% tax rates described above.

In addition, an individual shareholder is subject to a 3.8% federal tax on the lesser of (1) the individual's "net investment income," which generally includes taxable distributions a Fund pays and net gains realized on the redemption or exchange of shares of the Fund, or (2) the excess of his or her "modified adjusted gross income" over $200,000 (or $250,000 if married and filing jointly). This tax is in addition to any other taxes due on that income. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the effect, if any, this provision may have on your investment in shares of a Fund.

Your basis in shares of a Fund that you acquired after December 31, 2011, ("Covered Shares") will be determined in accordance with a Fund's default method, which is average basis, unless you affirmatively elect in writing

84 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

(which may be electronic) to use a different acceptable basis determination method, such as a specific identification method. The basis determination method you elect (or the default method) may not be changed with respect to a redemption of Covered Shares after the settlement date of the redemption. You should consult with your tax adviser to determine the best Internal Revenue Service ("IRS")-accepted basis determination method.

Withholding

Federal law requires each Fund to withhold (referred to as "backup withholding") and remit to the U.S. Treasury 24% of (1) dividends, capital gain distributions, and proceeds of redemptions, regardless of the extent to which gain or loss may be realized, otherwise payable to any individual shareholder who fails to furnish a Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number and (2) those dividends and distributions otherwise payable to any individual shareholder who:

￿Underreports dividend or interest income or

￿Fails to certify that he or she is not subject to backup withholding.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax, and any amounts so withheld may be credited against a shareholder's federal income tax liability or refunded. To avoid this withholding, you must certify on your application, or on a separate IRS Form W-9 supplied by the Fund's transfer agent, that your taxpayer identification number is correct and you currently are not subject to backup withholding.

Reporting

Each Fund will report information to you annually concerning the tax status of your dividends and other distributions for federal income tax purposes. In addition, each Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for Covered Shares and indicate whether they had a short-term (one year or less) or long-term (more than one year) holding period. You should consult with your tax adviser to obtain more information about how the basis reporting law applies to you.

SHAREHOLDER MAILINGS

Householding

Through our ongoing efforts to help reduce Fund expenses, each household will receive a single copy of a Fund's most recent shareholder reports and prospectus. You will receive a single copy if you and/or a family member own more than one account in a Fund. This eliminates duplicate copies and saves paper and postage costs for a Fund. However, if you would like to receive individual copies, please contact us; and we will begin your individual delivery within 30 days of your request.

Prospectus | 85

 

 

Electronic Delivery

Log on to usaa.com and sign up to receive your statements, confirmations, financial reports, tax documents, and prospectuses electronically instead of through the mail.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including, among others, the Fund's adviser, transfer agent, and distributor, who provide services to the Fund. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or "third-party") beneficiaries of, any of those contractual arrangements, and those contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any individual shareholder or group of shareholders any right to enforce them against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them against the service providers, either directly or on behalf of the Trust or a Fund.

This prospectus provides information concerning the Trust and the Funds that you should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of a Fund. Neither this prospectus nor the related SAI is intended to be, or should be read to give rise to, an agreement or contract between the Trust or a Fund and any investor, or to give rise to any rights in any shareholder or other person other than any rights under federal or state law that may not be waived.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

The following financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand each Target Retirement Fund's financial performance over the past five years. Certain information reflects financial results for a single share of a Fund. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Funds (assuming reinvestment of all income dividends and capital gain distributions).

The information has been derived from financial statements audited by Ernst

&Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Funds' financial statements, is included in each Fund's annual report to shareholders, which is available upon request.

86 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

USAA TARGET RETIREMENT INCOME FUND

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019

 

2018

 

2017

 

2016

 

2015

 

 

Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period

$

10.69

$

11.69

$

11.41

$

11.09

$

11.82

 

Investment Activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income (Loss)

 

0.31(b)

 

0.29

 

0.28

 

0.28

 

0.28

 

 

Net Realized and Unrealized

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gains (Losses) on Investments

 

0.93

 

(0.64)

 

0.70

 

0.42

 

(0.50)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total from Investment Activities

 

1.24

 

(0.35)

 

0.98

 

0.70

 

(0.22)

Distributions to Shareholders:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income

 

(0.31)

 

(0.29)

 

(0.28)

 

(0.28)

 

(0.28)

Net Realized Gains from

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investments

 

(0.40)

 

(0.36)

 

(0.42)

 

(0.10)

 

(0.23)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Distributions to Shareholders

 

(0.71)

 

(0.65)

 

(0.70)

 

(0.38)

 

(0.51)

Net Asset Value, End of Period

$

11.22

$

10.69

$

11.69

$

11.41

$

11.09

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Return*

 

11.72%

 

(3.01)%

 

8.66%

 

6.36%

 

(1.95)%

Ratios/Supplemental Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Assets, End of Period (000)

$337,633

$

318,796

$

349,866

$

317,856

$

330,809

 

Ratio of Expenses to Average Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets^(a)

 

0.07%

 

0.07%

 

0.07%

 

0.07%

 

0.06%

 

 

Ratio of Expenses, Excluding

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reimbursements to Average

 

0.07%

 

0.07%

 

0.07%

 

0.07%

 

0.06%

 

 

Net Assets(a)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ratio of Net Investment Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss) to Average Net Assets

 

2.75%

 

2.53%

 

2.44%

 

2.41%

 

2.36%

 

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

16%

 

29%

 

41%(c)

 

14%

 

35%

 

 

*Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return.

^The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limits in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is applied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund's fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.

(a)The expense ratios exclude the impact of expenses paid to each underlying fund.

(b)Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculate using the average daily shares method.

(c)Overall increase in purchases and sales of securities.

Prospectus | 87

 

 

USAA TARGET RETIREMENT 2020 FUND

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019

 

2018

 

2017

 

2016

 

2015

 

 

Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period

$

11.28

$

12.86

$

12.28

$

11.85

$

12.56

 

Investment Activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income (Loss)

 

0.31(b)

 

0.30

 

0.30

 

0.30

 

0.30

 

 

Net Realized and Unrealized

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gains (Losses) on Investments

 

1.25

 

(0.92)

 

1.25

 

0.60

 

(0.60)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total from Investment Activities

 

1.56

 

(0.62)

 

1.55

 

0.90

 

(0.30)

Distributions to Shareholders:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income

 

(0.30)

 

(0.30)

 

(0.30)

 

(0.38)

 

(0.21)

Net Realized Gains from

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investments

 

(0.94)

 

(0.66)

 

(0.67)

 

(0.09)

 

(0.20)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Distributions to Shareholders

 

(1.24)

 

(0.96)

 

(0.97)

 

(0.47)

 

(0.41)

Net Asset Value, End of Period

$

11.60

$

11.28

$

12.86

$

12.28

$

11.85

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Return*

 

13.83%

 

(4.85)%

 

12.71%

 

7.57%

 

(2.40)%

Ratios/Supplemental Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Assets, End of Period (000)

$581,471

$

554,154

$

617,583

$

570,796

$

583,926

 

Ratio of Expenses to Average Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets^(a)

 

0.04%

 

0.04%

 

0.04%

 

0.04%

 

0.04%

 

 

Ratio of Expenses, Excluding

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reimbursements to Average

 

0.04%

 

0.04%

 

0.04%

 

0.04%

 

0.04%

 

 

Net Assets(a)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ratio of Net Investment Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss) to Average Net Assets

 

2.51%

 

2.41%

 

2.33%

 

2.33%

 

2.31%

 

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

28%

 

34%

 

39%(c)

 

11%

 

30%

 

 

*Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return.

^The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limits in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is applied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund's fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.

(a)The expense ratios exclude the impact of expenses paid to each underlying fund.

(b)Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculate using the average daily shares method.

(c)Overall increase in purchases and sales of securities.

88 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

USAA TARGET RETIREMENT 2030 FUND

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019

 

2018

 

2017

 

2016

 

2015

 

Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period

$

11.87

$

13.84

$

12.89

$

12.34

$

13.05

 

Investment Activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income (Loss)

 

0.33(b)

 

0.30

 

0.30

 

0.30

 

0.27

 

Net Realized and Unrealized

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gains (Losses) on Investments

 

1.70

 

(1.25)

 

1.77

 

0.77

 

(0.63)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total from Investment Activities

 

2.03

 

(0.95)

 

2.07

 

1.07

 

(0.36)

Distributions to Shareholders:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income

 

(0.31)

 

(0.30)

 

(0.32)

 

(0.48)

 

(0.08)

Net Realized Gains from

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investments

 

(1.12)

 

(0.72)

 

(0.80)

 

(0.04)

 

(0.27)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Distributions to Shareholders

 

(1.43)

 

(1.02)

 

(1.12)

 

(0.52)

 

(0.35)

Net Asset Value, End of Period

$

12.47

$

11.87

$

13.84

$

12.89

$

12.34

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Return*

 

17.13%

 

(6.99)%

 

16.12%

 

8.70%

 

(2.81)%

Ratios/Supplemental Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Assets, End of Period (000)

$1,368,343

$

1,183,564

$

1,286,393

$

1,098,440

$

1,060,971

Ratio of Expenses to Average Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets^(a)

 

0.03%

 

0.03%

 

0.03%

 

0.03%

 

0.03%

 

Ratio of Expenses, Excluding

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reimbursements to Average

 

0.03%

 

0.03%

 

0.03%

 

0.03%

 

0.03%

 

Net Assets(a)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ratio of Net Investment Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss) to Average Net Assets

 

2.53%

 

2.25%

 

2.29%

 

2.22%

 

2.08%

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

24%

 

36%

 

32%

 

8%

 

32%

 

*Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return.

^The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limits in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is applied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund's fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.

(a)The expense ratios exclude the impact of expenses paid to each underlying fund.

(b)Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculate using the average daily shares method.

Prospectus | 89

 

 

USAA TARGET RETIREMENT 2040 FUND

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019

 

2018

 

2017

 

2016

 

2015

 

Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period

$

11.87

$

14.25

$

12.82

$

12.23

$

12.89

 

Investment Activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income (Loss)

 

0.32(b)

 

0.27

 

0.29

 

0.26

 

0.23

 

Net Realized and Unrealized

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gains (Losses) on Investments

 

1.99

 

(1.46)

 

2.07

 

0.83

 

(0.58)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total from Investment Activities

 

2.31

 

(1.19)

 

2.36

 

1.09

 

(0.35)

Distributions to Shareholders:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income

 

(0.29)

 

(0.28)

 

(0.29)

 

(0.48)

 

—(c)

Net Realized Gains from

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investments

 

(1.31)

 

(0.91)

 

(0.64)

 

(0.02)

 

(0.31)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Distributions to Shareholders

 

(1.60)

 

(1.19)

 

(0.93)

 

(0.50)

 

(0.31)

Net Asset Value, End of Period

$

12.58

$

11.87

$

14.25

$

12.82

$

12.23

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Return*

 

19.57%

 

(8.53)%

 

18.46%

 

8.97%

 

(2.71)%

Ratios/Supplemental Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Assets, End of Period (000)

$1,551,552

$

1,310,328

$

1,424,068

$

1,195,926

$

1,128,269

Ratio of Expenses to Average Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets^(a)

 

0.02%

 

0.02%

 

0.03%

 

0.03%

 

0.03%

 

Ratio of Expenses, Excluding

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reimbursements to Average

 

0.02%

 

0.02%

 

0.03%

 

0.03%

 

0.03%

 

Net Assets (a)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ratio of Net Investment Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss) to Average Net Assets

 

2.41%

 

2.08%

 

2.15%

 

1.99%

 

1.78%

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

29%

 

35%

 

32%

 

9%(d)

 

35%

 

*Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return.

^The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limits in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is applied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund's fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.

(a)The expense ratios exclude the impact of expenses paid to each underlying fund.

(b)Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculate using the average daily shares method.

(c)Amount is less than $0.005.

(d)Overall decrease in purchases and sales of securities.

90 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

USAA TARGET RETIREMENT 2050 FUND

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019

 

2018

 

2017

 

2016

 

2015

 

 

Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period

$

11.95

$

14.45

$

12.78

$

12.18

$

12.81

 

Investment Activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income (Loss)

 

0.31(b)

 

0.26

 

0.27

 

0.23

 

0.20

 

 

Net Realized and Unrealized

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gains (Losses) on Investments

 

2.09

 

(1.54)

 

2.20

 

0.87

 

(0.52)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total from Investment Activities

 

2.40

 

(1.28)

 

2.47

 

1.10

 

(0.32)

Distributions to Shareholders:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income

 

(0.28)

 

(0.26)

 

(0.28)

 

(0.42)

 

—(c)

Net Realized Gains from

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investments

 

(1.23)

 

(0.96)

 

(0.52)

 

(0.08)

 

(0.31)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Distributions to Shareholders

 

(1.51)

 

(1.22)

 

(0.80)

 

(0.50)

 

(0.31)

Net Asset Value, End of Period

$

12.84

$

11.95

$

14.45

$

12.78

$

12.18

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Return*

 

20.16%

 

(9.02)%

 

19.39%

 

9.02%

 

(2.48)%

Ratios/Supplemental Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Assets, End of Period (000)

$893,030

$

741,449

$

804,921

$

659,642

$

603,281

 

Ratio of Expenses to Average Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets^(a)

 

0.04%

 

0.04%

 

0.04%

 

0.05%

 

0.04%

 

 

Ratio of Expenses, Excluding

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reimbursements to Average

 

0.04%

 

0.04%

 

0.04%

 

0.05%

 

0.04%

 

 

Net Assets(a)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ratio of Net Investment Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss) to Average Net Assets

 

2.32%

 

1.96%

 

2.00%

 

1.87%

 

1.58%

 

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

30%

 

36%

 

30%

 

6%(d)

 

39%

 

 

*Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return.

^The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limits in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is applied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund's fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.

(a)The expense ratios exclude the impact of expenses paid to each underlying fund.

(b)Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculate using the average daily shares method.

(c)Amount is less than $0.005.

(d)Overall decrease in purchases and sales of securities.

Prospectus | 91

 

 

USAA TARGET RETIREMENT 2060 FUND

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019

 

2018

 

2017

 

2016

 

2015

 

Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period

$

11.05

$

12.74

$

11.07

$

10.48

$

10.93

 

Investment Activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income (Loss)

 

0.28(b)

 

0.23

 

0.22

 

0.15

 

0.18(b)

Net Realized and Unrealized

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gains (Losses) on Investments

 

1.94

 

(1.39)

 

1.93

 

0.77

 

(0.45)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total from Investment Activities

 

2.22

 

(1.16)

 

2.15

 

0.92

 

(0.27)

Distributions to Shareholders:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Investment Income

 

(0.27)

 

(0.23)

 

(0.22)

 

(0.30)

 

(0.01)

Net Realized Gains from

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investments

 

(0.47)

 

(0.30)

 

(0.26)

 

(0.03)

 

(0.17)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Distributions to Shareholders

 

(0.74)

 

(0.53)

 

(0.48)

 

(0.33)

 

(0.18)

Net Asset Value, End of Period

$

12.53

$

11.05

$

12.74

$

11.07

$

10.48

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Return*

 

20.09%

 

(9.18)%

 

19.51%

 

8.80%

 

(2.47)%

Ratios/Supplemental Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Assets, End of Period (000)

$116,493

$

87,403

$

77,599

$

53,142

$

37,963

Ratio of Expenses to Average Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets^(a)

 

0.10%

 

0.10%

 

0.10%

 

0.10%

 

0.10%

 

Ratio of Expenses, Excluding

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reimbursements to Average

 

0.22%

 

0.23%

 

0.29%

 

0.41%

 

0.51%

 

Net Assets(a)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ratio of Net Investment Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss) to Average Net Assets

 

2.30%

 

2.00%

 

1.95%

 

1.85%

 

1.64%

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

29%

 

36%

 

37%(c)

 

4%(d)

 

35%

 

*Assumes reinvestment of all net investment income and realized capital gain distributions, if any, during the period. Includes adjustments in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and could differ from the Lipper reported return.

^The net expense ratio may not correlate to the applicable expense limits in place during the period since the current contractual expense limitation is applied for a two-year period beginning July 1, 2019, and in effect through June 30, 2021, instead of coinciding with the Fund's fiscal year end. Refer to the Fees and Expenses in this prospectus for current contractual expense limitations.

(a)The expense ratios exclude the impact of expenses paid to each underlying fund.

(b)Per share net investment income (loss) has been calculate using the average daily shares method.

(c)Overall increase in purchases and sales of securities.

(d)Overall decrease in purchases and sales of securities.

92 | USAA Target Retirement Funds

 

 

NOTES

 

 

NOTES

 

 

NOTES

 

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Statement of Additional Information ("SAI"): A complete description of the Funds' policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds' portfolio securities is available in the Funds' SAI. The SAI has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and is incorporated by reference into this prospectus, which means it is legally part of the prospectus.

Annual and Semi Annual Reports: Annual and semi annual reports contain more information about the Funds' investments. In the Funds' annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds' performance during the last fiscal year.

How to Obtain Information: You may obtain a free copy of the SAI, annual or semi annual reports, or to ask other questions about the Funds or your accounts by contacting the USAA Mutual Funds at the address or telephone number below, or by contacting your financial intermediary.

By mail:

By telephone:

USAA Mutual Funds

Call USAA Mutual Funds at

P.O. Box 182593

(800) 235-8396

Columbus, OH 43218-2593

 

You also can obtain information about each Fund (including the SAI and other reports) from the SEC on the SEC's EDGAR database at http://www.sec.gov or, after payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail

address: publicinfo@sec.gov

Investment Company Act File No. 811-7852

87304-0520

USAA MUTUAL FUNDS TRUST
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
MAY 1, 2020
Extended Market Index Fund Shares (USMIX)
500 Index Fund – Member Shares (USSPX)*
500 Index Fund – Reward Shares (USPRX)*
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund Shares (USNQX)
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund R6 Shares (URNQX)
Global Managed Volatility Fund Shares (UGMVX)
Global Managed Volatility Fund Institutional Shares (UGOFX)
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Shares (UUSTX)
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Institutional Shares (UUSIX)
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund R6 Shares (URUSX)
 
*Prior to July 1, 2019, the Fund's name was the S&P 500 Index Fund.
USAA MUTUAL FUNDS TRUST (the “Trust”) is an open-end management investment company offering shares of 47 mutual funds, five of which are described in this statement of additional information (“SAI”). This SAI is not a prospectus and contains information in addition to, and more detailed than, that set forth in each Fund's prospectus. It is intended to provide you with additional information regarding the activities and operations of the Trust and the Funds and should be read in conjunction with each Fund's prospectus. You may obtain a free copy of the prospectus dated May 1, 2020, for each Fund's by writing to USAA Mutual Funds Trust, PO Box 182593, Columbus, OH 43218-2593, or by calling toll free (800) 235-8396. The prospectus provides the basic information you should know before investing in a Fund.
The financial statement for each Fund and the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Report thereon for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, are included in the respective Fund’s annual report to shareholders of that date and are incorporated herein by reference. The annual report to shareholders is available, without charge, by writing or calling the Trust at the above address or toll-free phone number.
1

 


 

3

 

Valuation of Securities
Effective July 1, 2019, Victory Capital Management Inc. (“Victory Capital” or “Manager”) serves as the Manager of the Funds, and Victory Capital Advisers, Inc. (“VCA” or “Distributor”) serves as the distributor of the Funds' shares on a continuing, best-efforts basis. Prior to July 1, 2019, USAA Asset Management Company (“AMCO” or “Predecessor Manager”) served as the manager of the Funds and USAA Investment Management Company served as the distributor of the Funds' shares.
A Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share is calculated each day, Monday through Friday, except days on which the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is closed. The NYSE currently is scheduled to be closed on New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, and Christmas, and on the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when one of these holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively. Each Fund reserves the right to calculate the NAV per share on a business day that the NYSE is closed.
The Adviser has established the Pricing and Liquidity Committee (the “Committee”); and subject to the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) oversight, the Committee administers and oversees each Fund’s valuation policies and procedures, which are approved by the Board. Among other things, these policies and procedures allow a Fund to use independent pricing services, quotations from securities dealers, and a wide variety of sources and information to establish and adjust the fair value of securities as events occur and circumstances warrant.
The Committee reports to the Board on a quarterly basis and makes recommendations to the Board as to pricing methodologies and services used by each Fund and presents additional information to the Board regarding application of the pricing and fair valuation policies and procedures during the preceding quarter.
The Committee meets as often as necessary to make pricing and fair value determinations. In addition, the Committee holds regular monthly meetings to review prior actions taken by the Committee and the Manager. Among other things, these monthly meetings include a review and analysis of backtesting reports, pricing service quotation comparisons, illiquid securities and fair value determinations, pricing movements, and stale price monitoring.
The value of securities of each Fund is determined by one or more of the following methods:
Equity securities, including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”), and equity-linked structured notes, except as otherwise noted, traded primarily on domestic securities exchanges or the over-the-counter markets, are valued at the last sales price or official closing price on the exchange or primary market on which they trade. Equity securities traded primarily on foreign securities exchanges or markets are valued at the last quoted sale price, or the most recently determined official closing price calculated according to local market convention, available at the time a Fund is valued. If no last sale or official closing price is reported or available, the closing bid price generally is used for U.S. listed equities and the average of the bid and ask prices is used for foreign listed equities.
Securities trading in various foreign markets may take place on days when the NYSE is closed. Further, when the NYSE is open, the foreign markets may be closed. Therefore, the calculation of a Fund’s NAV may not take place at the same time the price of certain foreign securities held by a Fund is determined. In many cases, events affecting the values of foreign securities that occur between the time of their last quoted sales or official closing prices and the close of normal trading on the NYSE on a day a Fund’s NAV is calculated will not need to be reflected in the value of a Fund’s foreign securities. However, the Manager will monitor for events that would materially affect the value of a Fund’s foreign securities. If the Manager determines that a particular event would materially affect the value of a Fund’s foreign securities, then the Committee will consider such available information that it deems relevant to determine a fair value for the affected foreign securities, in accordance with the valuation procedures. In addition, a Fund may use information from an external vendor or other sources to adjust the foreign market closing prices of foreign equity securities to reflect what the Committee believes to be the fair value of the securities as of the close of the NYSE. Fair valuation of affected foreign equity securities may occur frequently based on an assessment that events which occur on a fairly regular basis (such as U.S. market movements) are significant.
Debt securities are valued each business day by a pricing service (the “Service”) approved by the Board. The Service uses an evaluated bid or the last sales price to value a security when, in the Service’s judgment, these prices are readily available and are representative of the security’s market values. For many securities, such prices are not readily available. The Service generally prices those securities based on methods that include consideration of yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, and type; indications as to values from dealers in securities; and general market conditions.
Short-term securities with original or remaining maturities of 60 days or less generally may be valued at amortized cost, provided that it is determined that amortized cost represents the fair value of such securities. The Fund has adopted policies and procedures under which the Committee, subject to supervision by the Board, monitors the continued appropriateness of amortized cost valuations for such securities.
4

 

Repurchase agreements are valued at cost.
Investments in open-end investment companies, commingled, or other funds, other than ETFs, are valued at their NAV at the end of each business day. Futures contracts are valued at the settlement price at the close of market on the principal exchange on which they are traded or, in the absence of any transactions that day, the values are based upon the last sale price on the prior trading date. Options contracts are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices. Options on futures are valued at the settlement price determined by the applicable exchange.
In the event that price quotations or valuations are not readily available, are not reflective of market value, or a significant event has been recognized in relation to a security or class of securities, the securities are valued in good faith by the Committee in accordance with valuation procedures approved by the Board. The effect of fair value pricing is that securities may not be priced on the basis of quotations from the primary market in which they are traded and the actual price realized from the sale of a security may differ materially from the fair value price. Valuing these securities at fair value is intended to cause a Fund’s NAV to be more reliable than it otherwise would be.
Fair value methods used by the Manager include, but are not limited to, obtaining market quotations from secondary pricing services, broker-dealers, other pricing services, or widely used quotation systems. General factors considered in determining the fair value of securities include fundamental analytical data, the nature and duration of any restrictions on disposition of the securities, evaluation of credit quality, and an evaluation of the forces that influenced the market in which the securities are purchased and sold.
Conditions of Purchase and Redemption
Nonpayment
If any order to purchase shares directly from the Trust is canceled due to nonpayment or if the Trust does not receive good funds by check or electronic funds transfer, Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc. (“Transfer Agent”), formerly known as USAA Transfer Agency Company d/b/a USAA Shareholder Account Services, will treat the cancellation as a redemption of shares purchased, and you may be responsible for any resulting loss incurred by the Fund or the Manager. If you hold shares in an account with the Transfer Agent, the Transfer Agent can redeem shares from any of your account(s) with the Transfer Agent as reimbursement for all losses. In addition, you may be prohibited or restricted from making future purchases in other funds sponsored or managed by Victory Capital. A $29 fee is charged for all returned items, including checks and electronic funds transfers.
Transfer of Shares
Under certain circumstances, you may transfer Fund shares to another person by sending written instructions to the Transfer Agent. The account must be clearly identified, and you must include the number of shares to be transferred and the signatures of all registered owners. You also need to send written instructions signed by all registered owners and supporting documents to change an account registration due to events such as marriage or death. If a new account needs to be established, you must complete and return an application to the Transfer Agent.
Confirmations and Account Statements
Fund shareholders will receive a confirmation for each purchase, redemption, exchange, or share conversion transacted in their account. However, confirmations will not be sent for all dividend and capital gain distribution reinvestments and purchases through certain automatic investment plans and certain retirement plans, as well as certain automatic exchanges and withdrawals (excluding those in money market funds). These transactions will be confirmed at least quarterly on shareholder account statements.
Additional Information Regarding Redemption of Shares
The value of your investment at the time of redemption of your shares may be more or less than the cost at purchase, depending on the value of the securities held in each Fund’s portfolio. Requests for redemption that are subject to any special conditions or that specify an effective date other than as provided herein cannot be accepted. A gain or loss for federal income tax purposes may be realized on the redemption of shares of a Fund, depending upon their aggregate NAV when redeemed and your basis in those shares for those purposes.
Shares of a Fund may be offered to other investment companies that are structured as funds-of-funds, to institutional investors, to financial intermediaries, and to other large investors (e.g., managed account programs offered by affiliated and unaffiliated investment advisers). These investors may, from time to time, own or control a significant percentage of a Fund’s shares. Accordingly, each Fund is subject to the potential for large-scale inflows and outflows as a result of purchases and redemptions by large investors in the Fund. These inflows and outflows may be frequent and could increase a Fund’s expense ratio, transaction costs, and taxable capital gain
5

 

distributions (of net gains realized on the liquidation of portfolio securities to meet redemption requests), which could negatively affect the Fund’s performance and could cause shareholders to be subject to higher federal income tax with respect to their investments in the Fund. These inflows and outflows also could limit the Manager's ability to manage investments of a Fund in an efficient manner, which could adversely impact the Fund's performance and its ability to meet its investment objective. For example, after a large inflow, a Fund may hold a higher level of cash than it might hold under normal circumstances while the Manager seeks appropriate investment opportunities for the Fund. In addition, large inflows and outflows may limit the ability of a Fund to meet redemption requests and pay redemption proceeds within the time period stated in its prospectus because of unusual market conditions, an unusually high volume of redemption requests, or other reasons, and could cause a Fund to purchase or sell securities when it would not normally do so, which would be particularly disadvantageous for a Fund if it needs to sell securities at a time of volatility in the markets, when values could be falling.
Shares normally are redeemed in cash, although each Fund reserves the right to redeem some or all of its shares in kind by delivering securities from a Fund’s portfolio of investments, rather than cash, under unusual circumstances or in order to protect the interests of remaining shareholders. Securities distributed in kind would be valued for this purpose using the same method employed in calculating a Fund’s NAV. If a Fund redeems your shares in kind, you may bear transaction costs and will bear market risks until such securities are converted into cash.
Accounts held with the Transfer Agent with a balance of less than $500 may be subject to automatic redemption, provided that (1) the value of the account has been reduced, below the minimum initial investment in such Fund at the time the account was established, for reasons other than market action, (2) the account has remained below the minimum level for six months, and (3) 30 days’ prior written notice of the proposed redemption has been sent to you. The Trust anticipates closing certain small accounts yearly. Shares will be redeemed at the NAV on the date fixed for redemption. Prompt payment will be made directly to your bank account on file, or if none, by mail to your last known address.
The Trust reserves the right to suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment (1) for any periods during which the NYSE is closed, (2) when trading in the markets the Trust normally uses is restricted, or an emergency exists as determined by the SEC so that disposal of the Trust’s investments or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable, or (3) for such other periods as the SEC by order may permit for protection of the Trust’s shareholders.
For the mutual protection of the investor and the Funds, the Trust may require a signature guarantee. If required, each signature on the account registration must be guaranteed. Signature guarantees are acceptable from FDIC member banks, brokers, dealers, municipal securities dealers, municipal securities brokers, government securities dealers, government securities brokers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies, and savings associations. A signature guarantee for active duty military personnel stationed abroad may be provided by an officer of the United States Embassy or Consulate, a staff officer of the Judge Advocate General, or an individual’s commanding officer.
Excessive Short-Term Trading
The USAA family of funds generally are not intended as short-term investment vehicles (except for the money market funds, Short-Term Bond Fund, Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and Tax Exempt Short-Term Fund). Some investors try to profit by using excessive short-term trading practices involving mutual fund shares, frequently referred to as “market timing.”
Excessive short-term trading activity can disrupt the efficient management of a fund and raise its transaction costs by forcing portfolio managers to first buy and then sell portfolio securities in response to a large investment by short-term traders. While there is no assurance that the affiliated Funds can deter all excessive and short-term trading, the Board has adopted the following policies (except for the money market funds, Short-Term Bond Fund, Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and Tax Exempt Short-Term Fund). These policies are designed to deter disruptive, excessive short-term trading without needlessly penalizing bona fide investors.
To deter such trading activities, the affiliated Funds’ policies and procedures include:
•    Each Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order, including an exchange, that it regards as disruptive to the efficient management of the particular fund.
•    Each Fund may use a fair value pricing service or other model to assist in establishing the current value of foreign securities held by any of the affiliated Funds. Fair value pricing is used to adjust for stale pricing, which may occur between the close of certain foreign exchanges or markets and the time the affiliated Funds calculate their NAV per share. Using fair value pricing is intended to deter those trying to take advantage of time-zone differences in the valuation of foreign securities and to prevent dilution to long-term investors. Fair value pricing of a foreign security can result in the affiliated Funds using a price that is higher or lower than the closing price of a foreign security for purposes of calculating a fund’s NAV.
6

 

Funds' Right to Reject Purchase and Exchange Orders and Limit Trading in Accounts
The main safeguard of the Funds and each series of the Trust (together, the “Affiliated Funds”) against excessive short-term trading is their right to reject purchase or exchange orders if in the best interest of the affected Fund. In exercising this discretion to reject purchase and exchange orders, the Affiliated Funds deem that certain excessive short-term trading activities are not in the best interest of the affected Fund because such activities can hamper the efficient management of the Fund. Generally, persons who engage in an “in and out” (or “out and in”) transaction within a 30-day period will violate the Affiliated Funds’ policy if they engage in another “in and out” (or “out and in”) transaction in the same Fund within 90 days. The Affiliated Funds also reserve the right to restrict future purchases or exchanges if an investor is classified as engaged in other patterns of excessive short-term trading, including after one large disruptive purchase and redemption or exchange. Finally, each Fund reserves the right to reject any other purchase or exchange order in other situations that do not involve excessive short-term trading activities if in the best interest of the Fund.
The following transactions are exempt from the excessive short-term trading activity policies described above:
•    Transactions in the money market funds, Short-Term Bond Fund, Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and Tax Exempt Short-Term Fund;
•    Purchases and sales pursuant to automatic investment or withdrawal plans;
•    Purchases and sales made through USAA 529 College Savings PlanTM;
•    Purchases and sales by the Target Retirement Funds, Cornerstone Conservative Fund, and/or Cornerstone Equity Fund; and
•    Other transactions that are not motivated by short-term trading considerations if they are approved by Transfer Agent management personnel and are not disruptive to a Fund.
If a person is classified as having engaged in excessive short-term trading, the remedy will depend upon the trading activities of the investor in the account and related accounts and its disruptive effect, and can include warnings to cease such activity and/or restrictions or termination of trading privileges in a particular Affiliated Fund or all of the Affiliated Funds.
The Affiliated Funds rely on the Transfer Agent to review trading activity for excessive short-term trading. There can be no assurance, however, that its monitoring activities will successfully detect or prevent all excessive short-term trading. The Affiliated Funds or the Transfer Agent may exclude transactions below a certain dollar amount from monitoring and may change that dollar amount from time to time.
The Affiliated Funds seek to apply these policies and procedures uniformly to all investors; however, some investors purchase shares of Affiliated Funds through financial intermediaries that establish omnibus accounts to invest in the Affiliated Funds for their clients and submit net orders to purchase or redeem shares after combining their client orders. The Affiliated Funds subject to short-term trading policies generally treat each omnibus account as an individual investor and will apply the short-term trading policies to the net purchases and sales submitted by the omnibus account unless the Affiliated Funds or their Transfer Agent have entered into an agreement requiring the omnibus account to submit the underlying trading information for their clients upon our request and/or monitor for excessive trading. For those omnibus accounts for which we have entered into agreements to monitor excessive trading or provide underlying trade information, the financial intermediary or Affiliated Funds will review net activity in these omnibus accounts for activity that indicates potential, excessive short-term trading activity. If we detect suspicious trading activity at the omnibus account level, we will request underlying trading information and review the underlying trading activity to identify individual accounts engaged in excessive short-term trading activity. We will instruct the omnibus account to restrict, limit, or terminate trading privileges in a particular Affiliated Fund for individual accounts identified as engaging in excessive short-term trading through these omnibus accounts.
We also may rely on the financial intermediary to review and identify underlying trading activity for individual accounts engaged in excessive short-term trading activity, and to restrict, limit, or terminate trading privileges if we determine the intermediary’s policies to be at least as stringent as the Affiliated Funds’ policy. For shares purchased through financial intermediaries, there may be additional or more restrictive policies. You may wish to contact your financial intermediary to determine the policies applicable to your account.
Because of the increased costs to review underlying trading information, the Affiliated Funds will not enter into agreements with every financial intermediary that operates an omnibus account. The Affiliated Funds or their Transfer Agent could decide to enter into such contracts with financial intermediaries for all Funds or particular Funds, and can terminate such agreements at any time.
Redemption by Check
Shareholders invested in the Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund through an account with the Transfer Agent may request that checks be issued for their accounts. Checks must be written in amounts of at least $250.
7

 

Checks issued to shareholders of the Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund will be sent only to the person(s) in whose name the account is registered. The checks must be signed by the registered owner(s) exactly as the account is registered. You will continue to earn dividends until the shares are redeemed by the presentation of a check.
When a check is presented to the Transfer Agent for payment, a sufficient number of full and fractional shares from your account will be redeemed to cover the amount of the check. If the account balance is not adequate to cover the amount of a check, the check will be returned unpaid. A check drawn on an account in the Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund may be returned for insufficient funds if the NAV per share of that Fund declines over the time between the date the check was written and the date it was presented for payment. Because the value of the account in the Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund changes as dividends are accrued on a daily basis, checks may not be used to close an account.
The checkwriting privilege is subject to the customary rules and regulations of The Bank of New York Mellon (“BNY Mellon”) governing checking accounts. There is no charge to you for the use of the checks or for subsequent reorders of checks.
The Trust reserves the right to assess a processing fee against your account for any redemption check not honored by a clearing or paying agent. Currently, this fee is $29 and is subject to change at any time. Some examples of such dishonor are improper endorsement, checks written for an amount less than the minimum check amount, and insufficient or uncollectible funds.
The Trust, the Transfer Agent, and BNY Mellon each reserves the right to change or suspend the checkwriting privilege upon 30 days’ written notice to participating shareholders.
You may request that the Transfer Agent stop payment on a check. The Transfer Agent will use its best efforts to execute stop payment instructions but does not guarantee that such efforts will be effective. The Transfer Agent will charge you $20 for each stop payment you request.
Investment Plans
Under certain circumstances, the Trust makes available the following investment plans to shareholders of the Funds. At the time you sign up for any of the following investment plans that use the electronic funds transfer service, you will choose the day of the month (the “Effective Date”) on which you would like to regularly purchase shares. When this day falls on a weekend or holiday, the electronic transfer will take place on the last business day prior to the Effective Date. You may terminate your participation in a plan at any time. Please call the Manager for details and necessary forms or applications or sign up online at usaa.com. Effective on or about July 6, 2020, all online information will be on vcm.com.
Automatic Purchase of Shares
InvesTronic® – The regular purchase of additional shares through electronic funds transfer from a checking or savings account. You may invest as little as $50 per transaction.
Automatic Transfer Plan – The periodic transfer of funds from a USAA money market fund to purchase shares in another non-money market USAA mutual fund. There is a minimum investment required for this program of $5,000 in the money market fund, with a monthly transaction minimum of $50.
Buy/Sell Service – The intermittent purchase or redemption of shares through electronic funds transfer to or from a checking or savings account. You may initiate a “buy” or “sell” whenever you choose.
Directed Dividends – If you own shares in more than one of the funds in the USAA family of funds, you may direct that dividends and/or capital gain distributions received from one fund be used to purchase shares automatically in the same class of another of those funds.
Participation in these automatic purchase plans allows you to engage in dollar-cost averaging.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
If you own shares in a single investment account (accounts in different USAA Funds cannot be aggregated for this purpose), you may request that enough shares to produce a fixed amount of money be liquidated from the account monthly, quarterly, or annually. The amount of each withdrawal must be at least $50. Using the electronic funds transfer service, you may choose to have withdrawals electronically deposited at your bank or other financial institution. You also may elect to have such withdrawals invested in another USAA Fund.
This plan may be initiated on usaa.com or by completing a Systematic Withdrawal Plan application, which may be requested from the Manager. You may terminate participation in the plan at any time. You are not charged for withdrawals under the Systematic
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Withdrawal Plan. The Trust will not bear any expenses in administering the plan beyond the regular Transfer Agent and custodian costs of issuing and redeeming shares. The Manager will bear any additional expenses of administering the plan.
Withdrawals will be made by redeeming full and fractional shares on the date you select at the time the plan is established. Withdrawal payments made under this plan may exceed dividends and other distributions and, to that extent, would reduce the dollar value of your investment and could eventually exhaust the account. Reinvesting dividends and other distributions helps replenish the account. Because share values and net investment income can fluctuate, you should not expect withdrawals to be offset by rising income or share value gains. Withdrawals that exceed the value in your account will be processed for the amount available, and the plan will be canceled.
Each redemption of shares of a Fund may result in realization of a gain or loss, which must be reported on your federal income tax return. Therefore, you should keep an accurate record of any gain or loss realized on each withdrawal.
Tax-Deferred Retirement Plans
Federal tax on distributions may be deferred if you hold shares of a Fund through certain types of retirement programs. For your convenience, the Manager offers 403(b)(7) accounts and various forms of individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”). You may make investments in one or any combination of the Funds described in the prospectuses of the Trust (excluding any Fund that distributes tax-exempt-interest dividends).
Applications for the IRA and 403(b)(7) programs should be sent directly to Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc., P.O. Box 182593, Columbus, OH 43218-2593. Applications for these retirement accounts received by the Manager will be forwarded to the Custodian for acceptance.
An administrative fee of $20 is deducted from the money sent to you after closing an account. Exceptions to the fee are: partial distributions and distributions due to disability or death. This charge is subject to change as provided in the various agreements. There may be additional charges, as mutually agreed upon between you and the Custodian, for further services requested of the Custodian.
You may obtain detailed information about the accounts from the Manager. Each employer or individual establishing a tax-deferred retirement account also is advised to consult with a tax adviser before establishing the account.
Investment Policies
The sections captioned Investment Objective and More Information on the Fund’s Investment Strategy in each Fund's prospectus describe the investment objective(s) and the investment policies applicable to each Fund. There can, of course, be no assurance that each Fund will achieve its investment objective(s). Each Fund’s objective(s) is not a fundamental policy and may be changed upon written notice to, but without the approval of, each Fund's shareholders. If there is a change in the investment objective(s) of a Fund, the Fund’s shareholders should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment in light of then-current needs. The following provides additional information about the investment policies, types of instruments, and certain risks that the Funds may be subject to. Unless described as a principal investment policy in a Fund’s prospectus, these represent the non-principal investment policies of the Funds.
Borrowing Money and Issuing Senior Securities
Pursuant to the investment restrictions that have been adopted by the Trust for each Fund, each Fund may not issue senior securities, except as permitted under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”). “Senior securities” are defined as any bond, debenture, note, or similar obligation or instrument constituting a security and evidencing indebtedness, and any Fund obligations that have a priority over the Fund’s shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of Fund assets. The 1940 Act prohibits a Fund from issuing senior securities except that the Fund may borrow money in amounts of up to one-third (33 1/3%) of the Fund’s total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings) from banks. Any borrowings that exceed this amount will be reduced within three days (excluding Sundays and holidays) to the extent necessary to comply with the 33 1/3% limitation even if it is not advantageous to sell securities at that time. Borrowings may be used for a variety of purposes, including (i) for temporary or emergency purposes, (ii) in anticipation of or in response to adverse market conditions, (iii) for cash management purposes, and (iv) for investment purposes. Borrowed money will cost a Fund interest expense and/or other fees. The costs of borrowing may reduce a Fund’s return. To the extent that a Fund has outstanding borrowings, it will be leveraged. Leveraging generally exaggerates the effect on NAV of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Fund’s securities.
Effective July 1, 2019, each Fund together with other funds of the Trust and Victory Portfolios, Victory Portfolios II, and Victory Variable Insurance Funds, participates in a 364 day committed credit facility and a 364-day uncommitted, demand credit facility with Citibank, N.A. (Citibank). Each such credit facility may be renewed if so agreed by the parties. Under the agreement with Citibank, the Funds may borrow up to $600 million, of which $300 million is committed and $300 million is uncommitted. Of this amount,
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$40 million of the line of credit is reserved for use by the Victory Floating Rate Fund (a series of Victory Portfolios), with that Fund paying the related commitment fees for that amount. The purpose of the agreement is to meet temporary or emergency cash needs. Citibank receives an annual commitment fee of 0.15%. Each Fund pays a pro-rata portion of this commitment fee plus any interest on amounts borrowed.
Calculations of Dollar-Weighted Average Portfolio Maturity
Dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity is derived by multiplying the value of each debt instrument by the number of days remaining to its maturity, adding these calculations, and then dividing the total by the value of a Fund’s debt instruments. An obligation’s maturity typically is determined on a stated final maturity basis, although there are some exceptions to this rule.
With respect to obligations held by a Fund, if it is probable that the issuer of an instrument will take advantage of a maturity-shortening device, such as a call, refunding, or redemption provision, the date on which the instrument will probably be called, refunded, or redeemed may be considered to be its maturity date. Also, the maturities of mortgage-backed securities, some asset-backed securities (“ABS”)and securities subject to sinking fund arrangements are determined on a weighted average life basis, which is the average time for principal to be repaid. For mortgage-backed securities and some ABS, this average time is calculated by assuming prepayment rates of the underlying loans. These prepayment rates can vary depending upon the level and volatility of interest rates. This, in turn, can affect the weighted average life of the security. The weighted average lives of these securities will be shorter than their stated final maturities. In addition, for purposes of a Fund’s investment policies, an instrument will be treated as having a maturity earlier than its stated maturity date if the instrument has technical features such as puts or demand features that, in the judgment of the Manager, will result in the instrument being valued in the market as though it has the earlier maturity.
Finally, for purposes of calculating the dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity of a Fund, the maturity of a debt instrument with a periodic interest reset date will be deemed to be the next reset date, rather than the remaining stated maturity of the instrument if, in the judgment of the Manager, the periodic interest reset features will result in the instrument being valued in the market as though it has the earlier maturity.
Certificates of Deposit and Bankers’ Acceptances
Each Fund may invest in certificates of deposit, which are receipts issued by a depository institution in exchange for the deposit of funds. The issuer agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the receipt on the date specified on the certificate. The certificate usually can be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Each Fund may invest in bankers’ acceptances, which typically arise from short-term credit arrangements designed to enable businesses to obtain funds to finance commercial transactions. Generally, an acceptance is a time draft drawn on a bank by an exporter or an importer to obtain a stated amount of funds to pay for specific merchandise. The draft is then “accepted” by a bank that, in effect, unconditionally guarantees to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date. The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an earning asset or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of discount for a specific maturity. Although maturities for acceptances can be as long as 270 days, most acceptances have maturities of six months or less.
To the extent a Fund holds instruments of foreign banks or financial institutions, it may be subject to additional investment risks that are different in some respects from those incurred if the Fund invests only in debt obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. Such risks include future political and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes by the particular country in which the issuer is located, the possible confiscation or nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange controls, or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which may adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on these securities.
Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans that may be made and interest rates that may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds and the interest income generated from lending operations. General economic conditions and the quality of loan portfolios affect the banking industry. Unexpected changes with respect to these factors may adversely affect the issuance of and the secondary market for these securities.
Commercial Paper
Each Fund may invest in commercial paper, which consists of short-term (usually from 1 to 270 days) unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations in order to finance their current operations. A variable amount master demand note (which is a type of commercial paper) represents a direct borrowing arrangement involving periodically fluctuating rates of interest under a letter agreement between a commercial paper issuer and an institutional lender pursuant to which the lender may determine to invest varying amounts.
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Investments in commercial paper are subject to the risk the issuer cannot issue enough new commercial paper to satisfy its outstanding commercial paper, also known as rollover risk. Commercial paper may become illiquid or may suffer from reduced liquidity in certain circumstances. Like all fixed-income securities, commercial paper prices are susceptible to fluctuations in interest rates. If interest rates rise, commercial paper prices will decline. The short-term nature of a commercial paper investment makes it less susceptible to interest rate risk than many other fixed-income securities because interest rate risk typically increases as maturity lengths increase. Commercial paper tends to yield smaller returns than longer-term corporate debt because securities with shorter maturities typically have lower effective yields than those with longer maturities. As with all fixed-income securities, there is a chance that the issuer will default on its commercial paper obligation.
Cover
Transactions using certain derivative instruments, other than purchased options, expose a Fund to an obligation to another party. A Fund will not enter into any such transactions unless there appears to be a liquid secondary market for such investments; or unless it owns either (1) an offsetting (covered) position in securities, currencies or other options, futures contracts or forward contracts, or (2) cash or liquid assets with a value, marked-to-market daily, sufficient to cover its potential obligations to the extent not covered as provided in (1) above. A Fund will comply with SEC guidelines regarding cover for these instruments and will, if the guidelines so require, designate cash or liquid securities in the prescribed amount as determined daily.
Assets used as cover or held in a segregated account cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding derivative instrument is open, unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of a Fund’s assets to cover derivative instruments could impede portfolio management or a Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
Cybersecurity Risk
Technology, such as the internet, has become more prevalent in the course of business; and as such, each Fund and its service providers are susceptible to operational and information security risk resulting from cyber incidents. Cyber incidents refer to both intentional attacks and unintentional events including: processing errors, human errors, technical errors including computer glitches and system malfunctions, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, market-wide technical-related disruptions, unauthorized access to digital systems (through “hacking” or malicious software coding), computer viruses, and cyber-attacks that shut down, disable, slow or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes, or website access or functionality (including denial of service attacks). Cyber incidents could adversely impact a Fund and its shareholders and cause the Fund to incur financial loss and expense, as well as face exposure to regulatory penalties, reputational damage, and additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures. Cyber incidents may cause a Fund or its service providers to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, lose operational capacity (e.g., the loss of the ability to process transactions, calculate a Fund’s NAV, or allow shareholders to transact business), and/or fail to comply with applicable privacy and other laws. Among other potentially harmful effects, cyber incidents also may result in theft, unauthorized monitoring and failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund and its service providers. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Funds' service providers have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber incidents, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, each Fund cannot control the cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by its service providers or any other third parties whose operations may affect each Fund or its shareholders. In certain situations, the Funds, the Manager, or a service provider may be required to comply with law enforcement in responding to a cybersecurity incident, which may prevent the Funds from fully implementing their cybersecurity plans and systems, and (in certain situations) may result in additional information loss or damage. Each Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
Derivatives
Under circumstances in which such instruments are expected by the Manager to aid in achieving each Fund’s investment objective, each Fund may buy and sell certain types of derivatives. Derivatives are instruments that derive their value from the value of one or more underlying assets, reference rates or indices, and may include futures contracts, options on futures contracts, swaps, options on currencies, securities, and securities indexes. Derivatives also may possess the characteristics of both futures and securities (e.g., debt instruments with interest and principal payments determined by reference to the value of a commodity or a currency at a future time) and, therefore, possess the risks of both futures and securities investments.
Derivatives, such as futures contracts; options on currencies, securities, and securities indexes; options on futures contracts; and swaps enable a Fund to take both “short” positions (positions that anticipate a decline in the market value of a particular asset or index) and “long” positions (positions that anticipate an increase in the market value of a particular asset or index). Each Fund also may use strategies that involve simultaneous short and long positions in response to specific market conditions, such as where the Manager anticipates unusually high or low market volatility.
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The Manager may enter into derivative positions for a Fund for either hedging or non-hedging purposes. The term hedging is applied to defensive strategies designed to protect a Fund from an expected decline in the market value of an asset or group of assets that a Fund owns (in the case of a short hedge) or to protect a Fund from an expected rise in the market value of an asset or group of assets which it intends to acquire in the future (in the case of a long or “anticipatory” hedge). Non-hedging strategies include strategies designed to produce incremental income (such as the option writing strategy) or “speculative” strategies, which are undertaken to equitize the cash or cash equivalent portion of a Fund’s portfolio or to profit from (i) an expected decline in the market value of an asset or group of assets which a Fund does not own or (ii) expected increases in the market value of an asset which it does not plan to acquire.
Generally, the 500 Index Fund, Extended Market Index Fund, and Nasdaq-100 Index Fund will employ futures and options on futures to provide liquidity necessary to meet anticipated redemptions or for day-to-day operating purposes.
Equity Securities
Each Fund may invest in equity securities listed on any domestic or foreign securities exchange or traded in the over-the-counter market as well as certain restricted or unlisted securities (although the Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund’s investments in equity securities are limited to preferred securities). As used herein, “equity securities” are defined as common stock, preferred stock, trust or limited partnership interests, rights and warrants to subscribe to or purchase such securities, sponsored or unsponsored depositary receipts such as American depositary receipts (“ADRs”), European depositary receipts (“EDRs”), global depositary receipts (“GDRs”), and convertible securities, consisting of debt securities or preferred stock that may be converted into common stock or that carry the right to purchase common stock. Common stocks, the most familiar type, represent an equity (ownership) interest in a corporation. They may or may not pay dividends or carry voting rights. Common stock occupies the most junior position in a company’s capital structure. Although equity securities have a history of long-term growth in value, their prices fluctuate based on changes in a company’s financial condition and on overall market and economic conditions. Smaller companies are especially sensitive to these factors.
European Securities
The European Union’s (the “EU”) Economic and Monetary Union (the “EMU”) requires member countries to comply with restrictions on interest rates, deficits, debt levels, and inflation rates, and other factors, each of which may significantly impact every European country and their economic partners. The economies of EU member countries and their trading partners may be adversely affected by changes in the exchange rate of the euro (the common currency of the EU), changes in EU or governmental regulations on trade and other areas, and the threat of default or an actual default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, which could negatively impact a Fund’s investments and cause it to lose money. In recent years, the European financial markets have been negatively impacted by concerns relating to rising government debt levels and national unemployment; possible default on or restructuring of sovereign debt in several European countries; and economic downturns. Responses to financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not produce the desired results, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. A European country’s default or debt restructuring would adversely affect the holders of the country’s debt and sellers of credit default swaps linked to the country’s creditworthiness and could negatively impact global markets more generally.
Uncertainties regarding the viability of the EU have impacted and may continue to impact markets in the United States and around the world. If one or more countries leave the EU or the EU dissolves, securities markets would likely be significantly disrupted. On January 31, 2020, the UK left the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit,” and there commenced a transition period during which the EU and UK will negotiate and agree on the nature of their future relationship. There is significant market uncertainty regarding Brexit’s ramifications, and the range and potential implications of possible political, regulatory, economic, and market outcomes are difficult to predict. This uncertainty may affect other countries in the EU and elsewhere, and may cause volatility within the EU, triggering prolonged economic downturns in certain countries within the EU. It is also possible that various countries within the UK, such as Scotland or Northern Ireland, could seek to separate and remain a part of the EU.
The UK has one of the largest economies in Europe and is a major trading partner with the other EU countries and the United States. Brexit might negatively affect The City of London’s economy, which is heavily dominated by financial services, as banks might be forced to move staff and comply with two separate sets of rules or lose business to banks in Continental Europe. In addition, Brexit may create additional and substantial economic stresses for the UK, including a contraction of the UK economy and price volatility in UK stocks, decreased trade, capital outflows, devaluation of the British pound, wider corporate bond spreads due to uncertainty and declines in business and consumer spending as well as foreign direct investment. Further, the United Kingdom’s departure from the EU would potentially cause volatility within the EU, which could trigger prolonged economic downturns in certain European countries or spark additional member states to contemplate departing the EU (thereby exacerbating political instability in the region). Brexit may also adversely affect UK-based financial firms that have counterparties in the EU or participate in market infrastructure (trading venues, clearing houses, settlement facilities) based in the EU. These events and the resulting market volatility may have an adverse effect on the performance of the fund.
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Investing in the securities of Eastern European issuers is highly speculative and involves risks not usually associated with investing in the more developed markets of Western Europe. Securities markets of Eastern European countries typically are less efficient and have lower trading volume, lower liquidity, and higher volatility than more developed markets. Eastern European economies also may be particularly susceptible to disruption in the international credit market due to their reliance on bank related inflows of capital. To the extent that a fund invests in European securities, it may be exposed to these risks through its direct investments in such securities, including sovereign debt, or indirectly through investments in money market funds and financial institutions with significant investments in such securities.
Futures Contracts
Each Fund may use futures contracts to implement its investment strategy. Futures contracts are publicly traded contracts to buy or sell an underlying asset or group of assets, such as a currency, interest rate, or an index of securities, at a future time at a specified price. Opening a position by buying a contract establishes a long position, while opening a position by selling a contract establishes a short position.
The purchase of a futures contract on a security or an index of securities normally enables a buyer to participate in the market movement of the underlying asset or index after paying a transaction charge and posting margin in an amount equal to a small percentage of the value of the underlying asset or index. A Fund initially will be required to deposit with the Trust’s custodian or the futures commission merchant (“FCM”) effecting the futures transaction an amount of “initial margin” in cash or securities, as permitted under applicable regulatory policies.
Initial margin in futures transactions is different from margin in securities transactions in that the former does not involve the borrowing of funds by the customer to finance the transaction. Rather, the initial margin is like a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract. Subsequent payments (called “maintenance or variation margin”) to and from the broker will be made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying asset fluctuates. This process is known as “marking to market.” For example, when a Fund has taken a long position in a futures contract and the value of the underlying asset has risen, that position will have increased in value and a Fund will receive from the broker a maintenance margin payment equal to the increase in value of the underlying asset. Conversely, when a Fund has taken a long position in a futures contract and the value of the underlying instrument has declined, the position would be less valuable, and a Fund would be required to make a maintenance margin payment to the broker.
At any time prior to expiration of the futures contract, a Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position that will terminate a Fund’s position in the futures contract. A final determination of maintenance margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to a Fund, and a Fund realizes a loss or a gain. While futures contracts with respect to securities do provide for the delivery and acceptance of such securities, such delivery and acceptance seldom are made.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts can be substantial because of the low margin deposits required and the high degree of leveraging involved in futures pricing. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may cause an immediate and substantial loss or gain. The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts are: (i) imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the stocks held by a Fund and the prices of futures contracts; and (ii) possible lack of a liquid secondary market for a futures contract and the resulting inability to close a futures position prior to its maturity date. The degree of imperfection of correlation depends on circumstances such as variations in speculative market demand for futures on securities, including technical influences in futures trading, and differences between the financial instruments being hedged and the instruments underlying the standard contracts available for trading in such respects as interest rate levels, maturities, and creditworthiness of issuers.
Illiquid Securities
Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities that are illiquid. Illiquid securities are securities that cannot be disposed of in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the security.
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale by seven days. Securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of these restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and a mutual fund might be unable to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemptions within seven days. A mutual fund might also have to register such restricted securities in order to dispose of them resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
A large institutional market has been developed for certain securities that are not registered under the 1933 Act, including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal securities, and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily resold or on an issuer’s ability to honor a demand
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for repayment. The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale of such investments to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of their liquidity.
The SEC has adopted Rule  144A, which allows a broader institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restriction on their resale to the general public. Rule 144A establishes a “safe harbor” from the registration requirements of the 1933  Act of resales of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers.
Each Fund may invest in Rule 144A Securities, which are securities in the United States that are not registered for sale under federal securities laws but which can be resold to institutions under Rule 144A. Provided that a dealer or institutional trading market in such securities exists, these restricted securities are treated as exempt from the 15% limit on illiquid securities. Under the supervision of the Board, a Fund's adviser determines the liquidity of restricted securities and, through reports, the Board will monitor trading activity in restricted securities. If institutional trading in restricted securities were to decline, the liquidity of a Fund could be adversely affected.
In reaching liquidity decisions, a Fund's adviser will consider, among other things, the following factors: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers; (3) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (4) the nature of the security and of the marketplace trades including the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of the transfer.
Interfund Borrowing and Lending
Each Fund is entitled to rely on an exemptive order from the SEC allowing them to lend money to, and borrow money from, each other pursuant to a master interfund lending agreement (the “Interfund Lending Program”). Under the Interfund Lending Program, the Funds may lend or borrow money for temporary purposes directly to or from one another (an “Interfund Loan”), subject to meeting the conditions of the SEC exemptive order. All Interfund Loans will consist only of uninvested cash reserves that the lending Fund otherwise would invest in short-term repurchase agreements or other short-term instruments.
If a Fund has outstanding bank borrowings, any Interfund Loans to the Fund would: (a) be at an interest rate equal to or lower than that of any outstanding bank borrowing, (b) be secured at least on an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value as any outstanding bank loan that requires collateral, (c) have a maturity no longer than any outstanding bank loan (and in any event not over seven days), and (d) provide that, if an event of default occurs under any agreement evidencing an outstanding bank loan to the Fund, that event of default by the Fund will automatically (without need for action or notice by the lending Fund) constitute an immediate event of default under the master interfund lending agreement, entitling the lending Fund to call the Interfund Loan immediately (and exercise all rights with respect to any collateral), and that such call will be made if the lending bank exercises its right to call its loan under its agreement with the borrowing Fund.
A Fund may borrow on an unsecured basis through the Interfund Lending Program only if its outstanding borrowings from all sources immediately after the interfund borrowing total 10% or less of its total assets, provided that if the borrowing Fund has a secured loan outstanding from any other lender, including but not limited to another Fund, the lending Fund’s Interfund Loan will be secured on at least an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value as any outstanding loan that requires collateral. If a borrowing Fund’s total outstanding borrowings immediately after an Interfund Loan would be greater than 10% of its total assets, the Fund may borrow through the Interfund Lending Program only on a secured basis. A Fund may not borrow under the Interfund Lending Program or from any other source if its total outstanding borrowings immediately after the borrowing would be more than 33 1/3% of its total assets or any lower threshold provided for by the Fund’s fundamental restrictions or non-fundamental policies.
No Fund may lend to another Fund through the Interfund Lending Program if the loan would cause the lending Fund’s aggregate outstanding loans through the Interfund Lending Program to exceed 15% of its current net assets at the time of the loan. A Fund’s Interfund Loans to any one Fund shall not exceed 5% of the lending Fund’s net assets. The duration of Interfund Loans will be limited to the time required to receive payment for securities sold, but in no event more than seven days, and for purposes of this condition, loans effected within seven days of each other will be treated as separate loan transactions. Each Interfund Loan may be called on one business day’s notice by a lending Fund and may be repaid on any day by a borrowing Fund. The limitations detailed above and the other conditions of the SEC exemptive order permitting interfund borrowing and lending are designed to minimize the risks associated with interfund borrowing and lending for both a lending Fund and a borrowing Fund. However, no borrowing or lending activity is without risk. When a Fund borrows money from another Fund, there is a risk that the Interfund Loan could be called on one business day’s notice or not renewed, in which case the Fund may have to borrow from a bank at higher rates if an Interfund Loan is not available from another Fund. Interfund Loans are subject to the risk that a borrowing Fund could be unable to repay the loan when due, and a delay in repayment to a lending Fund or from a borrowing Fund could result in a lost investment opportunity or additional costs. No Fund may borrow more than the amount permitted by its investment limitations. The Interfund Lending Program is subject to the oversight and periodic review of the Board.
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Initial Public Offerings
The Extended Market Index Fund and the Global Managed Volatility Fund each may invest in initial public offerings (“IPOs”). The market value of IPO shares can fluctuate considerably due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading, the small number of shares available for trading, and limited information about the issuer. The purchase of IPO shares may involve high transaction costs. IPO shares are subject to market risk and liquidity risk. When a Fund’s asset base is small, a significant portion of the Fund’s performance could be attributable to investments in IPOs, because such investments would have a magnified impact on the Fund. As the Fund’s assets grow, the effect of the Fund’s investments in IPOs on the Fund’s performance probably will decline, which could reduce the Fund’s performance.
Lending of Securities
Each Fund may lend its securities in accordance with a lending policy that has been authorized by the Board and implemented by the Manager. Securities may be loaned only to qualified broker-dealers or other institutional investors that have been determined to be creditworthy by the Manager. When borrowing securities from a Fund, the borrower will be required to maintain collateral with the Trust in an amount at least equal to the fair value of the borrowed securities. During the term of each loan, each Fund will be entitled to receive payments from the borrower equal to all interest and dividends paid on the securities during the term of the loan by the issuer of the securities. In addition, each Fund will invest any cash received as collateral in high-quality short-term instruments such as obligations of the U.S. government or of its agencies or instrumentalities, repurchase agreements, or shares of money market mutual funds, thereby earning additional income. Risks to a Fund in securities-lending transactions are that the borrower may not provide additional collateral when required or return the securities when due; and that the value of the collateral, including collateral investments, will be less than the amount required to be returned to the borrower.
No loan of securities will be made if, as a result, the aggregate of such loans would exceed 33 1/3% of the value of a Fund’s total assets. Each Fund may terminate a loan at any time.
Letters of Credit
Certain of the debt obligations (including municipal securities, certificates of participation, commercial paper, and other short-term obligations) that the Funds may purchase may be backed by an unconditional and irrevocable letter of credit of a bank, savings and loan association, or insurance company which assumes the obligation for payment of principal and interest in the event of default by the issuer. Only banks, savings and loan associations, and insurance companies which, in the opinion of the Manager are of comparable quality to issuers of other permitted investments of a Fund, may be used for letter of credit-backed investments.
Limitations and Risks of Options and Futures Activity
Each Fund may engage in both hedging and non-hedging strategies. Although effective hedging generally can capture the bulk of a desired risk adjustment, no hedge is completely effective. A Fund’s ability to hedge effectively through transactions in futures and options depends on the degree to which price movements in the hedged asset correlate with price movements of the futures and options.
Non-hedging strategies typically involve special risks. The profitability of a Fund’s non-hedging strategies will depend on the ability of the Manager to analyze both the applicable derivatives market and the market for the underlying asset or group of assets. Derivatives markets often are more volatile than corresponding securities markets, and a relatively small change in the price of the underlying asset or group of assets can have a magnified effect upon the price of a related derivative instrument.
Derivatives markets also are often less liquid than the market for the underlying asset or group of assets. Some positions in futures and options may be closed out only on an exchange that provides a secondary market. There can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular futures contract or option at any specific time. Thus, it may not be possible to close such an option or futures position prior to maturity. The inability to close options and futures positions also could have an adverse impact on a Fund’s ability to effectively carry out its derivative strategies and might, in some cases, require the Fund to deposit cash to meet applicable margin requirements.
Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract or an option on a futures contract can vary from the previous day’s settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.
If a Fund were unable to liquidate a futures contract or an option on a futures position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market or the imposition of price limits, it could incur substantial losses. The Fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, except in the case of purchased options, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the future or option or to maintain cash or securities in a segregated account.
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Historically, advisers of registered investment companies trading commodity interests (such as futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and swaps), including the Funds, have been excluded from regulation as Commodity Pool Operators (“CPOs”) pursuant to Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) Regulation 4.5. In February 2012, the CFTC announced substantial amendments to the permissible exclusions, and to the conditions for reliance on the permissible exclusions, from registration as a CPO. To qualify for an exclusion under these amendments to CFTC Regulation 4.5, if a Fund uses commodity interests (such as futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and swaps) other than for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC), the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish these positions, determined at the time the most recent position was established, may not exceed 5% of the Fund’s NAV (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions and excluding the amount by which options that are “in-the-money” at the time of purchase are “in-the-money”) or, alternatively, the aggregate net notional value of those positions, determined at the time the most recent position was established, may not exceed 100% of the fund’s NAV (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). In addition, to qualify for an exclusion, a Fund must satisfy a marketing test, which requires, among other things, that a Fund not hold itself out as a vehicle for trading commodity interests. The amendments to CFTC Regulation 4.5 became effective on April 24, 2012.
The Manager currently claims an exclusion (under CFTC Regulation 4.5) from registration as a CPO with respect to the Funds and, in its management of the Funds, intends to comply with one of the two alternative trading limitations described above and the marketing limitation. Complying with the trading limitations may restrict the Manager’s ability to use derivatives as part of the Funds' investment strategies. Although the Manager expects to be able to execute the Funds' investment strategies within the limitations, a Fund’s performance could be adversely affected. In addition, rules under the Dodd-Frank Act may limit the availability of certain derivatives, may make the use of derivatives by portfolios more costly, and may otherwise adversely impact the performance and value of derivatives.
Liquidity Determinations
The Funds have adopted and implemented a written liquidity risk management program (the “LRMP”) as required by Rule 22e-4 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The LRMP is reasonably designed to assess and manage a Fund’s liquidity risk, taking into consideration a Fund’s investment strategy and the liquidity of its portfolio investments during normal and reasonably foreseeable stressed market conditions; its short- and long-term cash flow projections; and its cash holdings and access to other liquidity management tools such as available funding sources including the Victory Funds Complex Interfund Lending Facility and Line of Credit. The Board approved the appointment of the Fund’s investment adviser as the administrator of the LRMP.
The Board has adopted guidelines pursuant to which municipal lease obligations, Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper, Rule 144A Securities, certain restricted debt securities that are subject to put or demand features exercisable within seven days (“Demand Feature Securities”) and other securities (whether registered or not) that may be considered illiquid before or after purchase due to issuer bankruptcy, delisting, thin or no trading, SEC guidance or similar factors (other securities) may be determined to be liquid for purposes of complying with SEC limitations applicable to each Fund’s investments in illiquid securities. In determining the liquidity of municipal lease obligations, Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper, Rule 144A Securities, and other securities, the Manager will, pursuant to the Board Adopted Liquidity Procedures, among other things, consider the following factors established by the Board: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security, (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers, (3) the willingness of dealers to undertake to make a market in the security, and (4) the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades, including the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer. Additional factors considered by the Manager in determining the liquidity of a municipal lease obligation are: (1) whether the lease obligation is of a size that will be attractive to institutional investors, (2) whether the lease obligation contains a non-appropriation clause and the likelihood that the obligor will fail to make an appropriation and (3) such other factors as the Manager may determine to be relevant to such determination. In determining the liquidity of Demand Feature Securities, the Manager will evaluate the credit quality of the party (the Put Provider) issuing (or unconditionally guaranteeing performance on) the put or demand feature of the Demand Feature Securities. In evaluating the credit quality of the Put Provider, the Manager will consider all factors that it deems indicative of the capacity of the Put Provider to meet its obligations under the Demand Feature Securities based upon a review of the Put Provider’s outstanding debt and financial statements and general economic conditions.
Certain foreign securities (including Eurodollar obligations) may be eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A in the United States and also may trade without restriction in one or more foreign markets. Such securities may be determined to be liquid based upon these foreign markets without regard to their eligibility for resale pursuant to Rule 144A. In such cases, these securities will not be treated as Rule 144A Securities for purposes of the liquidity guidelines established by the Board.
Private Placements
Each Fund may invest in securities that are not registered under the Securities Act (restricted securities). Restricted securities may be sold in private placement transactions between issuers and their purchasers and may be neither listed on an exchange nor traded in other established markets. In many cases, privately placed securities may not be freely transferable under the laws of the applicable
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jurisdiction or due to contractual restrictions on resale. As a result of the absence of a public trading market, privately placed securities may be less liquid and more difficult to value than publicly traded securities. To the extent that privately placed securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from the sales, due to illiquidity, could be less than those originally paid by the Fund or less than their fair market value. In addition, issuers whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that may be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. Certain of the Fund’s investments in private placements may consist of direct investments and may include investments in smaller, less seasoned issuers, which may involve greater risks. These issuers may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent on a limited management group. In making investments in such securities, a Fund may obtain access to material nonpublic information, which may restrict the Fund’s ability to conduct portfolio transactions in such securities.
Some of these securities are new and complex, and trade only among institutions; the markets for these securities are still developing, and may not function as efficiently as established markets. Because there may not be an established market price for these securities, the Fund may have to estimate their value. Transactions in restricted or illiquid securities may entail registration expense and other transaction costs that are higher than those for transactions in unrestricted or liquid securities. Where registration is required for restricted or illiquid securities a considerable time period may elapse between the time the Fund decides to sell the security and the time it is actually permitted to sell the security under an effective registration statement. If during such period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain less favorable pricing terms that when it decided to sell the security.
Recent Market Conditions and Regulatory Developments
Global economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely affect issuers in another country or region. Geopolitical and other risks, including war, terrorism, trade disputes, political or economic dysfunction within some nations, public health crises and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fire, and floods, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. Changes in trade policies and international trade agreements could affect the economies of many countries in unpredictable ways. Likewise, systemic market dislocations of the kind that occurred during the financial crisis that began in 2008, if repeated, would be highly disruptive to economies and markets, adversely affecting individual companies and industries, securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of a Fund’s investments. Some countries, including the United States, are adopting more protectionist trade policies and moving away from the tighter financial industry regulations that followed the 2008 financial crisis, which may also affect the value of a Fund’s investments.
Political events within the United States at times have resulted, and may in the future result, in a shutdown of government services, which could negatively impact the U.S. economy, decrease the value of a Fund’s investments, increase uncertainty in or impair the operation of the U.S. or other securities markets and degrade investor and consumer confidence, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree.
Certain illnesses spread rapidly and have the potential to significantly and adversely affect the global economy and the value of a Fund’s investments. An outbreak of respiratory disease called COVID-19 was first detected in China in December 2019 and subsequently spread internationally. The transmission of COVID-19 and efforts to contain its spread have resulted in international, national, and local border closings and other significant travel restrictions and disruptions, significant disruptions to business operations, supply chains, and customer activity, significant challenges in healthcare service preparation and delivery, and quarantines, as well as general concern and uncertainty that has negatively affected the economic environment. These impacts have caused significant volatility and declines in global financial markets, which have caused losses for investors. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may be short term or may last for an extended period of time, and in either case could result in a substantial economic downturn or recession. Public health crises may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social, economic, market, and financial risks.
Some economists have expressed concern that the continued spread of COVID-19 could lead to a world-wide economic downturn. In the past, instability in the global capital markets resulted in disruptions in liquidity in the debt capital markets, significant write-offs in the financial services sector, the repricing of credit risk in credit markets, and the failure of major domestic and international financial institutions. There can be no assurance that market conditions will not worsen in the future. In an economic downturn, a Fund’s investments or the value of its portfolio is likely to decrease during these periods.
In addition, governments may adopt fiscal policies and financial measures in an attempt to lessen or shorten the economic impacts of such crises, which may also affect the value of a Fund’s investments. The markets could react strongly to expectations, which could increase volatility, especially if the market’s expectations for changes in government policies are not borne out.
Decisions by the U.S. Federal Reserve regarding interest rate and monetary policy can have a significant effect on the value of fixed-income securities as well as the overall strength of the U.S. economy. Precise interest rate predictions are difficult to make, and interest rates may change unexpectedly and dramatically in response to extreme changes in market or economic conditions. As a result, the value of fixed-income securities may vary widely under certain market conditions and may result in heightened market volatility and a decline in the value of a Fund’s portfolio.
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Some market participants have expressed concern that passively managed index funds and other indexed products inflate the value of their component securities. If the component securities in such indices decline in value for this and other reasons, the value of a Fund’s investment in these securities will also decline.
Some countries, including the United States, are adopting more protectionist trade policies and are moving away from the tighter financial industry regulations that followed the 2008 financial crisis. The United States may also be considering significant new investments in infrastructure and national defense which, coupled with potentially lower federal taxes, could lead to sharply increased government borrowing and higher interest rates. The exact shape of these policies is still being worked out through the political process, but the equity and debt markets may react strongly to expectations, which could increase volatility, especially if the market’s expectations for changes in government policies are not borne out.
High public debt in the United States and other countries creates ongoing systemic and market risks and policymaking uncertainty. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the United States and abroad. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact on various markets of a significant rate increase or other significant policy changes, whether brought about by U.S. policy makers or by dislocations in world markets. For example, because investors may buy equity securities or other investments with borrowed money, a significant increase in interest rates may cause a decline in the markets for those investments. There is a greater risk of rising interest rates than has historically been the case due to the current period of relatively low rates and the effect of government fiscal policy initiatives and potential market reaction to those initiatives.
Some countries where economic conditions are still recovering from the 2008 crisis are perceived as still fragile. The crisis caused strains among countries in the euro-zone that have not been fully resolved, and it is not yet clear what measures, if any, EU or individual country officials may take in response. Withdrawal of government support, failure of efforts in response to the strains, or investor perception that such efforts are not succeeding could adversely impact the value and liquidity of certain securities and currencies.
The precise details and the resulting impact of the United Kingdom leaving the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit,” are impossible to know for sure at this point. The effect on the economies of the United Kingdom and the EU will likely depend on the nature of trade relations between the United Kingdom and the EU and other major economies following Brexit, which are matters to be negotiated. The outcomes may cause increased volatility and have a significant adverse impact on world financial markets, other international trade agreements, and the United Kingdom and European economies, as well as the broader global economy for some time.
In addition, global climate change may have an adverse effect on property and security values. A rise in sea levels, an increase in powerful windstorms and/or a storm-driven increase in flooding could cause coastal properties to lose value or become unmarketable altogether. Large wildfires driven by high winds and prolonged drought may devastate entire communities and may be very costly to any business found to be responsible for the fire or conducting operations in affected areas. These losses could adversely affect corporate borrowers and mortgage lenders, the value of mortgage-backed securities, the bonds of municipalities that depend on tax revenues and tourist dollars generated by such properties, and insurers of the property and/or of corporate, municipal or mortgage-backed securities. Since property and security values are driven largely by buyers’ perceptions, it is difficult to know the time period over which these effects might unfold. Economists warn that, unlike previous declines in the real estate market, properties in affected coastal zones may never recover their value.
Global climate change may have an adverse effect on property and security values. A rise in sea levels, an increase in powerful windstorms and/or a storm-driven increase in flooding could cause coastal properties to lose value or become unmarketable altogether.
Large wildfires driven by high winds and prolonged drought may devastate entire communities and may be very costly to any business found to be responsible for the fire. These losses could adversely affect corporate borrowers and mortgage lenders, the value of mortgage-backed securities, the bonds of municipalities that depend on tax revenues and tourist dollars generated by such properties, and insurers of the property and/or of corporate, municipal or mortgage-backed securities. Since property and security values are driven largely by buyers’ perceptions, it is difficult to know the time period over which these effects might unfold. Economists warn that, unlike previous declines in the real estate market, properties in affected coastal zones may not ever recover their value.
Repurchase Agreements
Each Fund may invest in repurchase agreements, which are collateralized by underlying securities. A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which a security is purchased with a simultaneous commitment to sell it back to the seller (a commercial bank or recognized securities dealer) at an agreed upon price on an agreed upon date, usually not more than seven days from the date of purchase. The resale price reflects the purchase price plus an agreed upon market rate of interest, which is unrelated to the coupon rate or maturity of the purchased security. The Fund maintains custody of the underlying securities prior to their repurchase, either through its regular custodian or through a special “tri-party” custodian that maintains separate accounts for both the Fund and its counterparty. Thus, the obligation of the counterparty to pay the repurchase price on the date agreed to or upon demand is, in effect, secured by the underlying securities. In these transactions, the securities purchased by the Fund will be those in which it is authorized to invest and that have a total value in excess of the amount of the repurchase obligation. If the seller defaults and the value of the underlying security
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declines, the Fund may incur a loss and may incur expenses in selling the collateral. If the seller seeks relief under the bankruptcy laws, the disposition of the collateral may be delayed or limited. The Fund will invest in repurchase agreement transactions with parties whose creditworthiness has been reviewed and found satisfactory by the Manager. The Extended Market Index Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days together with all other illiquid securities.
Section 4(2) Commercial Paper and Rule 144A Securities
Each Fund may invest in commercial paper issued in reliance on the “private placement” exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act (“Section 4(2) Commercial Paper”). Section 4(2) Commercial Paper is restricted as to disposition under the federal securities laws; therefore, any resale of Section 4(2) Commercial Paper must be effected in a transaction exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Section 4(2) Commercial Paper normally is resold to other investors through or with the assistance of the issuer or investment dealers who make a market in Section 4(2) Commercial Paper, thus providing liquidity.
Each Fund also may purchase restricted securities eligible for resale to “qualified institutional buyers” pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act (“Rule 144A Securities”). Rule 144A provides a non-exclusive safe harbor from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act for resales of certain securities to institutional investors.
However, investing in Rule 144A Securities and Section 4(2) Commercial Paper could have the effect of increasing the level of a Fund’s illiquidity to the extent that qualified institutional buyers become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing these securities.
Securities of Other Investment Companies
Each Fund may invest in securities issued by other investment companies that qualify as “money market funds” under applicable SEC rules. Any such investment would be made in accordance with the Fund’s investment policies and applicable law. In addition, a Fund may invest in securities issued by other non-money market investment companies (including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”)).
ETFs are, with a few exceptions, open-end investment companies that trade throughout the day. Almost all ETFs trade on stock exchanges and typically track a market index or specific sectors of the stock or bond markets. Because they trade like a stock, they offer trading flexibility desired by both individuals and institutions. The value of the underlying securities held by an ETF is a major factor in determining an ETF’s price. However, ETFs do not necessarily trade at the net asset values of their underlying securities. The price of an ETF also is determined by supply and demand and, as a result, the share price of an ETF may trade at a premium or discount to its NAV.
As a shareholder of another investment company, a Fund would indirectly bear, along with other shareholders, its pro rata portion of the other investment company’s expenses, including advisory fees. These expenses would be in addition to the advisory and other expenses that a Fund bears in connection with its own operations.
To the extent a Fund invests in ETFs, it will be exposed to the same risks of the ETFs’ holdings as the ETFs themselves in direct proportion to the allocation of the Fund’s assets among those ETFs. In addition, each ETF typically is a “passive investor” and therefore invests in the securities and sectors contained in the index it seeks to track without regard for or analysis of the prospects of such securities or sectors. An ETF may invest in all of the securities in such index or in a representative sample of such securities. ETFs generally do not attempt to take defensive positions in volatile or declining markets or under other conditions. Furthermore, ETFs usually are not able to duplicate exactly the performance of the underlying indexes they track. The difference in performance between an ETF and the index it seeks to track can be due to, among other factors, the expenses that the ETF pays, regulatory constraints, investment strategies, or techniques undertaken by the ETF, and changes to an underlying index. There also may be a lack of correlation between the securities in an index and those actually held by an ETF. The performance of a Fund that invests in such an ETF could be adversely impacted. In addition, although the ETFs generally are listed on securities exchanges, there can be no assurances that an active trading market for such ETFs will be maintained. Secondary market trading in the ETFs also may be halted by a national securities exchange because of market conditions or for other reasons. There can be no assurances that the requirement necessary to maintain the listing of the ETFs will continue to be met or will remain unchanged.
The Funds may invest in securities issued by other investment companies subject to statutory limitations prescribed by the 1940 Act. Certain exceptions to these limitations are provided by the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. The Funds also may rely on certain SEC exemptive orders that permit funds meeting various conditions to invest in an ETF in amounts exceeding limits set forth in the 1940 Act that would otherwise be applicable.
Short Sales
The Global Managed Volatility Fund may invest its assets in short sales. When a Fund takes a long position, it purchases a stock outright. When the Fund takes a short position, it sells at the current market price a stock it does not own but has borrowed in anticipation that the market price of the stock will decline. To complete, or close out, the short sale transaction, the Fund buys the same
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stock in the market and returns it to the lender. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to pay the lender amounts equal to any dividends or interest, which accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet the margin requirements, until the short position is closed out. The Fund makes money when the market price of the borrowed stock goes down and the Fund is able to replace it for less than it earned by selling it short. Alternatively, if the price of the stock goes up after the short sale and before the short position is closed, the Fund will lose money because it will have to pay more to replace the borrowed stock than it received when it sold the stock short.
The Fund may not always be able to close out a short position at a particular time or at an acceptable price. A lender may request that the borrowed securities be returned to it on short notice, and the Fund may have to buy the borrowed securities at an unfavorable price. If this occurs at a time that other short sellers of the same security also want to close out their positions, a “short squeeze” can occur. A short squeeze occurs when demand is greater than supply for the stock sold short. A short squeeze makes it more likely that the Fund will have to cover its short sale at an unfavorable price. If that happens, the Fund will lose some or all the potential profit from, or even incur a loss as a result of, the short sale.
Until the Fund closes its short position or replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will designate liquid assets it owns (other than the short sales proceeds) as segregated assets to the books of the broker and/or its custodian in an amount equal to its obligation to purchase the securities sold short, as required by the 1940 Act. The amount segregated in this manner will be increased or decreased each business day equal to the change in market value of the Fund’s obligation to purchase the security sold short. If the lending broker requires the Fund to deposit additional collateral (in addition to the short sales proceeds that the broker holds during the period of the short sale), which may be as much as 50% of the value of the securities sold short, the amount of the additional collateral may be deducted in determining the amount of cash or liquid assets the Fund is required to segregate to cover the short sale obligation pursuant to the 1940 Act. The amount segregated must be unencumbered by any other obligation or claim than the obligation that is being covered. The Fund believes that short sale obligations that are covered, either by an offsetting asset or right (acquiring the security sold short or having an option to purchase the security sold short at exercise price that covers the obligation), or by the Fund’s segregated asset procedures (or a combination thereof), are not senior securities under the 1940 Act and are not subject to the Fund’s borrowing restrictions. This requirement to segregate assets limits the Fund’s leveraging of its investments and the related risk of losses from leveraging. The Fund also is required to pay the lender of the security any dividends or interest that accrues on a borrowed security during the period of the loan. Depending on the arrangements made with the broker or custodian, the Fund may or may not receive any payments (including interest) on collateral it has deposited with the broker.
Short sales involve the risk that the Fund will incur a loss by subsequently buying a security at a higher price than the price at which the Fund previously sold the security short. Any loss will be increased by the amount of compensation, interest or dividends, and transaction costs the Fund must pay to a lender of the security. In addition, because the Fund’s loss on a short sale stems from increases in the value of the security sold short, the extent of such loss, like the price of the security sold short, is theoretically unlimited. By contrast, the Fund’s loss on a long position arises from decreases in the value of the security held by the Fund and therefore is limited by the fact that a security’s value cannot drop below zero.
The use of short sales, in effect, leverages the Fund’s portfolio, which could increase the Fund’s exposure to the market, magnify losses, and increase the volatility of returns.
Although the Fund’s share price may increase if the securities in its long portfolio increase in value more than the securities underlying its short positions, the Fund’s share price may decrease if the securities underlying its short positions increase in value more than the securities in its long portfolio.
Short-Term Instruments
When a Fund experiences large cash inflows, for example, through the sale of securities, and desirable securities that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective(s) are unavailable in sufficient quantities or at attractive prices, the Fund may hold short-term investments (or shares of money market mutual funds) for a limited time at the discretion of the Manager. Short-term instruments consist of foreign and domestic: (i) short-term obligations of sovereign governments, their agencies, instrumentalities, authorities or political subdivisions; (ii) other short-term debt securities; (iii) commercial paper; (iv) bank obligations, including negotiable certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers' acceptances; and (v) repurchase agreements.
Securities of Smaller Companies
The Extended Market Index Fund invests in smaller companies, which can involve greater risk than is customarily associated with funds that invest in more established companies. The securities of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than larger, more established companies or the market average in general. These companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent on a limited management group.
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While the issuers in which the Fund will primarily invest may offer greater opportunities for capital appreciation than larger cap issuers, investments in smaller companies may involve greater risks and thus may be considered speculative.
To some extent, the securities in which the Fund invests will often be traded only in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market or on a regional securities exchange and may not be traded every day or in the volume typical of trading on a national securities exchange. As a result, the disposition by the Fund of portfolio securities, to meet redemptions or otherwise, may require the Fund to sell these securities at a discount from market prices or during periods when in management’s judgment such disposition is not desirable or to make many small sales over a lengthy period of time.
Small companies generally are little known to most individual investors although some may be dominant in their respective industries. Management of the Fund believes that relatively small companies will continue to have the opportunity to develop into significant business enterprises. The Fund may invest in securities of small issuers in the relatively early stages of business development which have a new technology, a unique or proprietary product or service, or a favorable market position. Such companies may not be counted upon to develop into major industrial companies, but management believes that eventual recognition of their special value characteristics by the investment community can provide above-average long-term growth to the portfolio.
Equity securities of specific small-cap issuers may present different opportunities for long-term capital appreciation during varying portions of economic or securities markets cycles, as well as during varying stages of their business development. The market valuation of small-cap issuers tends to fluctuate during economic or market cycles, presenting attractive investment opportunities at various points during these cycles.
Smaller companies, due to the size and kinds of markets that they serve, may be less susceptible than large companies to intervention from the Federal government by means of price controls, regulations, or litigation.
Temporary Defensive Policy
Each Fund may, on a temporary basis because of market, economic, political, or other conditions, invest up to 100% of its assets in investment-grade, short-term debt instruments. Such securities may consist of obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements secured by such instruments; certificates of deposit of domestic banks having capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of $100 million; bankers' acceptances of similar banks; commercial paper; and other corporate debt obligations.
U.S. Government Obligations
Each Fund may invest in various types of U.S. government obligations. U.S. government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government and supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. U.S. government obligations differ mainly in the length of their maturity. Treasury bills, the most frequently issued marketable government securities, have a maturity of up to one year and are issued on a discount basis. Treasury Notes have maturities of two, three, five, seven, or 10 years, and pay interest semi-annually. Treasury Bonds are issued with a 20- or 30-year term and pay interest semi-annually. U.S. government obligations also include securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies or instrumentalities, including government-sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”). Some obligations of such agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States or U.S. Treasury guarantees. Others are supported by the right of the issuer or guarantor to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. Others are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality or only by the credit of the agency or instrumentality issuing the obligation.
In the case of obligations not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including GSEs) where it is not obligated to do so. In addition, U.S. government obligations are subject to fluctuations in market value due to fluctuations in market interest rates. As a general matter, the value of debt instruments, including U.S. government obligations, declines when market interest rates increase and rises when market interest rates decrease. Certain types of U.S. government obligations are subject to fluctuations in yield or value due to their structure or contract terms.
Variable-Rate and Floating-Rate Securities
Each Fund may invest in variable-rate and floating-rate securities, which bear interest at rates that are adjusted periodically to market rates. These interest rate adjustments can both raise and lower the income generated by such securities. These changes will have the same effect on the income earned by a Fund depending on the proportion of such securities held. Because the interest rates of variable-rate and floating-rate securities are periodically adjusted to reflect current market rates, the market value of the variable-rate
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and floating-rate securities is less affected by changes in prevailing interest rates than the market value of securities with fixed interest rates. The market value of variable-rate and floating-rate securities usually tends toward par (100% of face value) at interest rate adjustment time.
Similar to fixed-rate debt instruments, variable- and floating-rate instruments are subject to changes in value based on changes in market interest rates or changes in the issuer’s creditworthiness. In addition, variable- and floating-rate securities are subject to the risk of loss of principal and income. Although borrowers frequently provide collateral to secure repayment of these obligations they do not always do so and these securities may be unsecured. If borrowers do provide collateral, the value of the collateral may not completely cover the borrower’s obligations at the time of a default. If a borrower files for protection from its creditors under bankruptcy laws, these laws may limit a Fund’s rights to its collateral. In the event of a bankruptcy, the holder of a variable- or floating-rate loan may not recover its principal, may experience a long delay in recovering its investment, and may not receive interest during the delay.
Warrants
To the extent that such investments are consistent with its investment objective, each Fund may invest in warrants. However, with respect to the 500 Index Fund and the Nasdaq-100 Index Fund, each Fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in warrants. Warrants represent rights to purchase securities at a specific price valid for a specific period of time. The prices of warrants do not necessarily correlate with the prices of the underlying securities. Each Fund may only purchase warrants on securities in which the Fund may invest directly.
When-Issued and Delayed-Delivery Securities
Each Fund may invest in debt securities offered on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis or for delayed draws on loans; that is, delivery of and payment for the securities take place after the date of the commitment to purchase, normally within 45 days. The payment obligation and the interest rate that will be received on the securities are each fixed at the time the buyer enters into the commitment. A Fund receives a commitment fee for delayed draws on loans. A Fund may sell these securities before the settlement date.
Debt securities purchased on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis are subject to changes in value in the same way as other debt securities held in the Funds' portfolios; that is, both generally experience appreciation when interest rates decline and depreciation when interest rates rise. The value of such securities also will be affected by the public’s perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and anticipated changes in the level of interest rates. Purchasing securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis involves a risk that the yields available in the market when the delivery takes place may actually be higher than those obtained in the transaction itself. To ensure that the Fund will be able to meet its obligation to pay for when-issued or delayed-delivery securities and delayed-draws loan commitments at the time of settlement, a Fund will segregate cash or liquid securities at least equal to the amount of the when-issued or delayed-delivery commitments. The segregated securities are valued at market, and any necessary adjustments are made to keep the value of the cash and/or segregated securities at least equal to the amount of such commitments by the Fund.
On the settlement date of the when-issued or delayed-delivery securities or for delayed draws on loans, a Fund will meet its obligations from then-available cash, sale of segregated securities, sale of other securities, or from sale of the when-issued or delayed-delivery securities themselves (which may have a value greater or less than the Fund’s payment obligations). The availability of liquid assets for this purpose and the effect of asset segregation on a Fund’s ability to meet its current obligations, to honor requests for redemption, and otherwise to manage its investment portfolio will limit the extent to which the Fund may purchase when-issued and delayed delivery securities. A Fund may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with such transactions.
The following is provided as additional information with respect to the Extended Market Index Fund, the 500 Index Fund, and the Nasdaq-100 Index Fund.
Index Futures Contracts
Futures contracts are contracts to purchase or sell a fixed amount of an underlying instrument, commodity, or index at a fixed time and place in the future. U.S. futures contracts have been designed by exchanges that have been designated “contracts markets” by the CFTC, and must be executed through a futures commission merchant, or brokerage firm, which is a member of the relevant contract market. Futures contracts trade on a number of exchanges and clear through their clearing corporations. Each Fund may enter into contracts for the purchase or sale for future delivery of their Index.
At the same time a futures contract on the Index is entered into, a Fund must allocate cash or securities as a deposit payment (initial margin). Daily thereafter, the futures contract is valued and the payment of “variation margin” may be required, since each day the Fund would provide or receive cash that reflects any decline or increase in the contract’s value.
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Although futures contracts (other than those that settle in cash) by their terms call for the actual delivery or acquisition of the instrument underlying the contract, in most cases the contractual obligation is fulfilled by offset before the date of the contract without having to make or take delivery of the instrument underlying the contract. The offsetting of a contractual obligation is accomplished by entering into an opposite position in the identical futures contract on a commodities exchange on which the futures contract was entered into (or a linked exchange). Such a transaction, which is effected through a member of an exchange, cancels the obligation to make or take delivery of the instrument underlying the contract. Since all transactions in the futures market are made, offset, or fulfilled through a clearinghouse associated with the exchange on which the contracts are traded, a Fund will incur brokerage fees when it purchases or sells futures contracts.
The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures market, due to differences in the nature of those markets, are subject to distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to initial deposit and variation margin requirements. Rather than meeting additional variation margin requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions which could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures market depends on most participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent that many participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, thus producing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the margin deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of distortion, a correct forecast of securities price trends may still not result in a successful transaction.
In addition, futures contracts entail risks. Investments in futures contracts may cause a Fund to realize gains and losses for federal income tax purposes that would not otherwise be realized if the Fund invested directly in the underlying securities. As a result, this investment technique may accelerate the timing of taxable distributions.
Options on Index Futures Contracts
Each Fund may purchase and write options on futures contracts with respect to their Indexes. The purchase of a call option on an index futures contract is similar in some respects to the purchase of a call option on such an index. For example, when a Fund is not fully invested it may purchase a call option on an index futures contract to hedge against a market advance.
The writing of a call option on a futures contract with respect to an Index may constitute a partial offset against declining prices of the underlying securities that are deliverable upon exercise of the futures contract. If the futures price at expiration of the option is below the exercise price, a Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium that provides a partial offset against any decline which may have occurred in the Fund’s holdings. The writing of a put option on an index futures contract may constitute a partial offset against increasing prices of the underlying securities that are deliverable upon exercise of the futures contract. If the futures price at expiration of the option is higher than the exercise price, a Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial offset against any increase in the price of securities that the Fund intends to purchase. If a put or call option a Fund has written is exercised, the Fund will incur a loss that will be reduced by the amount of the premium it receives. Depending on the degree of correlation between changes in the value of its portfolio securities and changes in the value of its futures positions, a Fund’s losses from existing options on futures may to some extent be reduced or increased by changes in the value of portfolio securities.
The purchase of a put option on a futures contract with respect to an Index is similar in some respects to the purchase of protective put options on the Index. For example, a Fund may purchase a put option on an index futures contract to hedge against the risk of lowering securities values.
The amount of risk a Fund assumes when it purchases an option on a futures contract with respect to an Index is the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. In addition to the correlation risks discussed above, the purchase of such an option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option purchased. The amount of risk the Fund assumes when it writes an option on a futures contract with respect to an Index is theoretically unlimited, but it is reduced by the amount of the premium received for the option less related transaction costs.
Options on Securities Indexes
Each Fund may write (“sell”) covered call and put options to a limited extent on its Index (“covered options”) in an attempt to increase income. Such options give the holder the right to receive a cash settlement during the term of the option based upon the difference between the exercise price and the value of the Index. The Fund may forgo the benefits of appreciation on the Index or may pay more than the market price of the Index pursuant to call and put options written by the Fund.
By writing a covered call option, a Fund forgoes, in exchange for the premium less the commission (“net premium”), the opportunity to profit during the option period from an increase in the market value of the Index above the exercise price. By writing a covered put option, the Fund, in exchange for the net premium received, accepts the risk of a decline in the market value of the Index below the exercise price.
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Each Fund may terminate its obligation as the writer of a call or put option by purchasing an option with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option previously written.
When a Fund writes an option, an amount equal to the net premium received by the Fund is included in the liability section of the Fund’s Statement of Assets and Liabilities as a deferred credit. The amount of the deferred credit will be subsequently marked to market to reflect the current market value of the option written. The current market value of a traded option is the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, the mean between the closing bid and ask prices. If an option expires on its stipulated expiration date or if a Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, the Fund will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the premium received when the option was sold), and the deferred credit related to such option will be eliminated. If a call option is exercised, a Fund will realize a gain or loss from the sale of the underlying security and the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the premium originally received. The writing of covered call options may be deemed to involve the pledge of the securities against which the option is being written. Securities against which call options are written will be segregated on the books of the custodian for a Fund.
Each Fund may purchase call and put options on its Index. A Fund would normally purchase a call option in anticipation of an increase in the market value of the Index. The purchase of a call option would entitle a Fund, in exchange for the premium paid, to purchase the underlying securities at a specified price during the option period. A Fund would ordinarily have a gain if the value of the securities increased above the exercise price sufficiently to cover the premium and would have a loss if the value of the securities remained at or below the exercise price during the option period.
A Fund would normally purchase put options in anticipation of a decline in the market value of its Index (protective puts). The purchase of a put option would entitle a Fund, in exchange for the premium paid, to sell, the underlying securities at a specified price during the option period. The purchase of protective puts is designed merely to offset or hedge against a decline in the market value of the Index. A Fund would ordinarily recognize a gain if the value of the Index decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to cover the premium and would recognize a loss if the value of the Index remained at or above the exercise price. Gains and losses on the purchase of protective put options would tend to be offset by countervailing changes in the value of the Index.
Each Fund has adopted certain other non-fundamental policies concerning index option transactions which are discussed below. Each Fund’s activities in index options also may be restricted by the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for qualification as a regulated investment company.
The hours of trading for options on an Index may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the option markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying securities markets that cannot be reflected in the option markets. It is impossible to predict the volume of trading that may exist in such options, and there can be no assurance that viable exchange markets will develop or continue.
Because options on securities indexes require settlement in cash, a Fund may be forced to liquidate portfolio securities to meet settlement obligations.
Obligations of Foreign Governments, Banks, and Corporations
Each Fund may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated short-term obligations issued or guaranteed by one or more foreign governments or any of their political subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities that are determined by its Manager to be of comparable quality to the other obligations in which that Fund may invest. To the extent that such investments are consistent with its investment objective, each Fund also may invest in debt obligations of supranational entities. Supranational entities include international organizations designated or supported by governmental entities to promote economic reconstruction or development and international banking institutions and related government agencies. Examples include the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the “World Bank”), the European Coal and Steel Community, the Asian Development Bank, and the InterAmerican Development Bank. The percentage of a Fund’s assets invested in obligations of foreign governments and supranational entities will vary depending on the relative yields of such securities, the economic and financial markets of the countries in which the investments are made, and the interest rate climate of such countries. Each Fund also may invest a portion of its total assets in high-quality, short-term (one year or less) debt obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks or U.S. branches of foreign banks that are denominated in and pay interest in U.S. dollars.
Security Substitution
At times when a corporate action involving a constituent is pending, an arbitrage opportunity may exist. For example, if a constituent is acquiring another company (which may or may not be an index constituent) for stock, the target company may be trading at a discount to the acquiring company, given the conditions of the deal and the market. In this case, value may be added to a Fund by purchasing the target company stock in anticipation of the acquisition and corresponding exchange of the target company stock for the acquiring company stock. A Fund would effectively increase in weighting of the acquiring company in line with the holding’s increased weighting in the index at a price lower than that of the acquiring company’s stock.
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The following is provided as additional information with respect to the Extended Market Index Fund.
Strategies Involving Options, Futures, Swaps, Indexed Instruments, and Foreign Exchange Transactions
The Fund also may invest in derivative instruments that it believes may serve as substitutes for individual securities in an attempt to broadly represent a particular market, market segment or index, as the case may be. The derivative instruments in which the Fund may invest include the purchase and writing of options on securities indices and the writing of covered call options on stocks or derivative instruments correlated with an index or components of the index rather than securities represented in that index. The Fund will normally invest a substantial portion of its assets in options and futures contracts correlated with an index representing the Fund’s particular market segment or index. The Fund also may utilize options on futures, swaps and other indexed instruments, and convertible bonds. Derivatives may be employed as a proxy for a direct investment in securities underlying the index.
Options, futures, and other derivative instruments also may be employed to gain market exposure quickly in the event of subscriptions in order to provide liquidity, to invest uncommitted cash balances, and for bona fide hedging purposes. The Fund also may use derivatives in connection with the investment strategy that seeks to profit from differences in price when the same (or similar) security, currency, or commodity is traded in two or more markets.
The Manager will choose among the foregoing instruments based on its judgment of how best to meet the Fund’s goal. In connection therewith, the Manager will assess such factors as current and anticipated securities prices, relative liquidity and price levels in the options, futures and swap markets compared to the securities markets, and the Fund’s cash flow and cash management needs.
Indexed Securities
The Fund may invest in securities the potential return of which is based on an index. As an illustration, the Fund may invest in a debt security that pays interest based on the current value of an interest rate index, such as the prime rate. Indexed securities involve credit risk, and certain indexed securities may involve leverage risk and liquidity risk. The Fund will invest in indexed securities for bona fide hedging. When used for anticipatory hedging purposes, indexed securities involve correlation risk.
Options on Securities and Securities Indices
Put Options
The Fund is authorized to purchase put options to seek to hedge against a decline in the value of its securities or to enhance its return. By buying a put option, the Fund acquires a right to sell such underlying securities or instruments at the exercise price, thus limiting the Fund’s risk of loss through a decline in the market value of the securities or instruments until the put option expires. The amount of any appreciation in the value of the underlying securities or instruments will be partially offset by the amount of the premium paid for the put option and any related transaction costs. Prior to its expiration, a put option may be sold in a closing sale transaction and profit or loss from the sale will depend on whether the amount received is more or less than the premium paid for the put option plus the related transaction costs. A closing sale transaction cancels out the Fund’s position as the purchaser of an option by means of an offsetting sale of an identical option prior to the expiration of the option it has purchased. The Fund also may purchase uncovered put options.
The Fund also has authority to write (i.e., sell) put options on the types of securities or instruments that may be held by the Fund, provided that such put options are covered, meaning that such options are secured by segregated, liquid instruments. The Fund will receive a premium for writing a put option, which increases the Fund’s return. The Fund will not sell puts if, as a result, more than 50% of the Fund’s assets would be required to cover its potential obligations under its hedging and other investment transactions. The Fund is also authorized to write (i.e., sell) uncovered put options on securities or instruments in which it may invest but for which it does not currently have a corresponding short position or has not deposited cash equal to the exercise value of the put option with the broker dealer through which it made the uncovered put option as collateral. The principal reason for writing uncovered put options is to receive premium income, even though in exchange the Fund may be required to acquire such securities or instruments at a net price above their current market value. The Fund has the obligation to buy the securities or instruments at an agreed upon price if the price of the securities or instruments decreases below the exercise price. If the price of the securities or instruments increases during the option period, the option will expire worthless and the Fund will retain the premium and will not have to purchase the securities or instruments at the exercise price. In connection with such transaction, the Fund will segregate unencumbered liquid securities or cash with a value at least equal to the Fund’s exposure, on a marked-to-market basis (as calculated pursuant to requirements of the SEC). Such segregation will ensure that the Fund has assets available to satisfy its obligations with respect to the transaction and will avoid any potential leveraging of the Fund’s investments. Such segregation will not limit the Fund’s exposure to loss.
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Additional Options on Securities Indices
Call Options
The Fund may purchase call options on any of the types of securities or instruments in which it may invest. A purchased call option gives a portfolio the right to buy, and obligates the seller to sell, the underlying security at the exercise price at any time during the option period. The Fund also may purchase and sell call options on indexes. Index options are similar to options on securities except that, rather than taking or making delivery of securities underlying the option at a specified price upon exercise, an index option gives the holder the right to receive cash upon exercise of the option if the level of the index upon which the option is based is greater than the exercise price of the option.
The Fund also is authorized to write (i.e., sell) covered call options on the securities or instruments in which it may invest and to enter into closing purchase transactions with respect to certain of such options. A covered call option is an option in which the Fund, in return for a premium, gives another party a right to buy specified securities owned by the Fund at a specified future date and price set at the time of the contract. The principal reason for writing call options is the attempt to realize, through the receipt of premiums, a greater return than would be realized on the securities alone. By writing covered call options, the Fund gives up the opportunity, while the option is in effect, to profit from any price increase in the underlying security above the option exercise price. In addition, the Fund’s ability to sell the underlying security will be limited while the option is in effect unless the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction. A closing purchase transaction cancels out the Fund’s position as the writer of an option by means of an offsetting purchase of an identical option prior to the expiration of the option it has written. Covered call options also serve as a partial offset to the extent of the premium received against the price of the underlying security declining.
The Fund also is authorized to write (i.e., sell) uncovered call options on securities or instruments in which it may invest but that are not currently held by the Fund. The principal reason for writing uncovered call options is to realize income without committing capital to the ownership of the underlying securities or instruments. When writing uncovered call options, the Fund must deposit and maintain sufficient margin with the broker dealer through which it wrote the uncovered call option as collateral to ensure that the securities can be purchased for delivery if and when the option is exercised. In addition, in connection with each such transaction the Fund will segregate unencumbered liquid securities or cash with a value at least equal to the Fund’s exposure (the difference between the unpaid amounts owed by the Fund on such transaction minus any collateral deposited with the broker dealer), on a marked-to-market basis (as calculated pursuant to requirements of the SEC). Such segregation will ensure that the Fund has assets available to satisfy its obligations with respect to the transaction and will avoid any potential leveraging of the Fund’s investments. Such segregation will not limit the Fund exposure to loss. During periods of declining securities prices or when prices are stable, writing uncovered calls can be a profitable strategy to increase the Fund’s income with minimal capital risk. Uncovered calls are riskier than covered calls because there is no underlying security held by the Fund that can act as a partial hedge. Uncovered calls have speculative characteristics and the potential for loss is unlimited. When an uncovered call is exercised, the Fund must purchase the underlying security to meet its call obligation. There is also a risk, especially with less liquid preferred and debt securities, that the securities may not be available for purchase. If the purchase price exceeds the exercise price, the Fund will lose the difference.
Types of Options
The Fund may engage in transactions in options on individual securities, baskets of securities or securities indices, or particular measurements of value or rate (an index), such as an index of the price of treasury securities or an index representative of short-term interest rates. Such investments may be made on exchanges and in the OTC markets. In general, exchange-traded options have standardized exercise prices and expiration dates and require the parties to post margin against their obligations, and the performance of the parties’ obligations in connection with such options is guaranteed by the exchange or a related clearing corporation. OTC options have more flexible terms negotiated between the buyer and seller, but generally do not require the parties to post margin and are subject to greater credit risk. OTC options also involve greater liquidity risk.
Futures
The Fund may engage in transactions in futures and options thereon. Futures are standardized, exchange-traded contracts which obligate a purchaser to take delivery, and a seller to make delivery, of a specific amount of an asset at a specified future date at a specified price. No price is paid upon entering into a futures contract. Rather, upon purchasing or selling a futures contract, the Fund is required to deposit collateral (margin) equal to a percentage (generally less than 10%) of the contract value. Each day thereafter until the futures position is closed, the Fund will pay additional margin representing any loss experienced as a result of the futures position the prior day or be entitled to a payment representing any profit experienced as a result of the futures position the prior day. Futures involve substantial leverage risk.
The sale of a futures contract limits the Fund’s risk of loss through a decline in the market value of portfolio holdings correlated with the futures contract prior to the futures contract’s expiration date. In the event the market value of the portfolio holdings correlated with
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the futures contract increases rather than decreases, however, the Fund will realize a loss on the futures position and a lower return on the portfolio holdings than would have been realized without the purchase of the futures contract.
The purchase of a futures contract may protect the Fund from having to pay more for securities as a consequence of increases in the market value for such securities during a period when the Fund was attempting to identify specific securities in which to invest.
In the event that such securities decline in value or the Fund determines not to complete a bona fide hedge transaction relating to a futures contract, however, the Fund may realize a loss relating to the futures position.
The Fund also is authorized to purchase or sell call and put options on futures contracts including financial futures and stock indices in connection with its hedging activities. Generally, these strategies would be used under the same market and market sector conditions (i.e., conditions relating to specific types of investments) in which the Fund would enter into futures transactions. The Fund may purchase put options or write call options on futures contracts and stock indices in lieu of selling the underlying futures contract in anticipation of a decrease in the market value of its securities. Similarly, the Fund can purchase call options, or write put options on futures contracts and stock indices, as a substitute for the purchase of such futures to hedge against the increased cost resulting from an increase in the market value of securities which the Fund intends to purchase.
Effective December 31, 2012, the CFTC adopted certain regulatory changes that subject registered investment companies and advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if a fund invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps (“CFTC Derivatives”), or if the fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent the Fund uses CFTC Derivatives, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels. The Fund will not market itself as a “commodity pool” or a vehicle for trading such instruments.
However, the Fund may have investments in “underlying funds” (and such underlying funds themselves may invest in underlying funds) not advised by the Manager (which for purposes of the no-action letter referenced below may include certain securitized vehicles and/or mortgage real estate investment trusts (“REITS”) that may invest in CFTC Derivatives). The Manager has no transparency into the holdings of these underlying funds because they are not advised by the Manager. To address this issue of lack of transparency, the CFTC staff issued a no-action letter on November 29, 2012, permitting the adviser of a fund that invests in such underlying funds and that would otherwise have filed a claim of exclusion pursuant to Rule 4.5, to delay registration as a “commodity pool operator” until six months from the date on which the CFTC issues additional guidance on the treatment of CFTC Derivatives held by underlying funds. The Manager has filed a claim with the CFTC to rely on this no-action relief with respect to the Fund.
Swap Agreements
The Fund is authorized to enter into equity swap agreements, which are OTC contracts in which one party agrees to make periodic payments based on the change in market value of a specified equity security, basket of equity securities or equity index in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the change in market value of a different equity security, basket of equity securities or equity index. Swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to an equity or market without owning or taking physical custody of securities in circumstances in which direct investment is restricted by local law or is otherwise impractical.
The Fund will enter into an equity swap transaction only if, immediately following the time it enters into the transaction, the aggregate notional principal amount of equity swap transactions to which the Fund is a party would not exceed 5% of its net assets. Whether the Fund’s use of swap agreements will be successful in furthering its investment objective will depend on the Manager’s ability to correctly predict whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments. Because they are two-party contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The Fund will seek to lessen the risk to some extent by entering into a transaction only if the counterparty meets the current credit requirement for OTC option counterparties. Swap agreements also bear the risk that the Fund will not be able to meet its payment obligations to the counterparty. The Fund, however, will segregate liquid securities, cash or cash equivalents, or other assets permitted to be so segregated by the Commission in an amount equal to or greater than the market value of the Fund’s liabilities under the swap agreement or the amount it would cost the Fund initially to make an equivalent direct investment, plus or minus any amount the Fund is obligated to pay or is to receive under the swap agreement. Restrictions imposed by the tax rules applicable to regulated investment companies, may limit the Fund’s ability to use swap agreements. The swaps market is largely unregulated. It is possible that development in the swap market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Risk Factors in Derivatives
The Fund may use instruments referred to as derivatives. Derivatives are financial instruments the value of which is derived from another security, a commodity (such as gold or oil), or an index (a measure of value or rates, such as the S&P 500 Index or the prime
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lending rate). Derivatives allow the Fund to increase or decrease the level of risk to which the Fund is exposed more quickly and efficiently than transactions in other types of instruments.
Derivatives are volatile and involve significant risks, including:
Credit risk -- the risk that the counterparty on a derivative transaction will be unable to honor its financial obligation to the Fund, or the risk that the reference entity in a credit default swap or similar derivative will not be able to honor its financial obligations.
Currency risk -- the risk that changes in the exchange rate between two currencies will adversely affect the value (in U.S. dollar terms) of an investment.
Leverage risk -- the risk associated with certain types of investments or trading strategies (for example, borrowing money to increase the amount of investments) that relatively small market movements may result in large changes in the value of an investment. Certain investments or trading strategies that involve leverage can result in losses that greatly exceed the amount originally invested.
Liquidity risk -- the risk that certain securities may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time that the seller would like or at the price that the seller believes the security is currently worth.
Correlation risk -- the risk that changes in the value of a derivative will not match the changes in the Fund’s portfolio holdings that are being hedged or of the particular market or security to which the Fund seeks exposure.
The Fund intends to enter into transactions involving derivatives only if there appears to be a liquid secondary market for such investments or, in the case of illiquid instruments traded in OTC transactions, such instruments satisfy the criteria set forth below under “Additional Risk Factors of OTC Transactions; Limitations on the Use of OTC Derivatives.” However, there can be no assurance that, at any specific time, either a liquid secondary market will exist for a derivative or the Fund will otherwise be able to sell such instrument at an acceptable price. It may therefore not be possible to close a position in a derivative without incurring substantial losses, if at all.
Certain transactions in derivatives (such as futures transactions or sales of put options) involve substantial leverage risk and may expose the Fund to potential losses which may exceed the amount originally invested by the Fund. When the Fund engages in such a transaction, it will deposit in a segregated account liquid securities with a value at least equal to the Fund’s exposure, on a marked-to-market basis, to the transaction (as calculated pursuant to requirements of the SEC). Such segregation will ensure that the Fund has assets available to satisfy its obligations with respect to the transaction, but will not limit the Fund’s exposure to loss.
Additional Risk Factors of OTC Transactions; Limitations on the Use of OTC Derivatives
Certain derivatives traded in OTC markets, including indexed securities, swaps and OTC options, involve substantial liquidity risk. The absence of liquidity may make it difficult or impossible for the Fund to sell such instruments promptly at an acceptable price. The absence of liquidity also may make it more difficult for the Fund to ascertain a market value for such instruments. The Fund will, therefore, acquire illiquid OTC instruments (i) if the agreement pursuant to which the instrument is purchased contains a formula price at which the instrument may be terminated or sold, or (ii) for which the Manager anticipates the Fund can receive on each business day at least two independent bids or offers, unless a quotation from only one dealer is available, in which case that dealer’s quotation may be used.
Because derivatives traded in OTC markets are not guaranteed by an exchange or clearing corporation and generally do not require payment of margin, to the extent that the Fund has unrealized gains in such instruments or has deposited collateral with its counterparty, the Fund is at risk that its counterparty will become bankrupt or otherwise fail to honor its obligations. The Fund will attempt to minimize the risk that a counterparty will become bankrupt or otherwise fail to honor its obligations by engaging in transactions in derivatives traded in OTC markets only with financial institutions which have substantial capital or which have provided the Fund with a third-party guaranty or other credit enhancement.
Additional Limitations on the Use of Derivatives
The Fund may not use any derivative to gain exposure to an asset or class of assets that it would be prohibited by its investment restrictions from purchasing directly.
Merger Transaction Risk
The Fund may buy stock of the target company in an announced merger transaction prior to the consummation of such transaction.
In that circumstance, the Fund would expect to receive an amount (whether in cash, stock of the acquiring company or a combination of both) in excess of the purchase price paid by the Fund for the target company’s stock. However, the Fund is subject to the risk that
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the merger transaction may be canceled, delayed or restructured in which case the Fund holding of the target company’s stock may not result in any profit for the Fund and may lose significant value.
The following is provided as additional information with respect to the Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund and the Global Managed Volatility Fund.
Adjustable-Rate Securities
Each Fund may invest in adjustable-rate securities. The interest rate on an adjustable-rate security fluctuates periodically. Generally, the security’s yield is based on a U.S. dollar-based interest-rate benchmark such as the Federal Funds Rate, the 90-day Treasury bill rate, the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), or the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). The yields on these securities are reset on a periodic basis (for example, daily, weekly, or quarterly) or upon a change in the benchmark interest rate. The yields are closely correlated to changes in money market interest rates.
Asset-Backed Securities
Each Fund may invest in asset-backed securities (“ABS”). ABS represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, a stream of payments generated by particular assets, such as credit card, motor vehicle, or trade receivables. They may be pass-through certificates, which have characteristics very similar to mortgage-backed securities, discussed below. With respect to the Funds, such pass-through certificates may include equipment trust certificates (“ETC”) secured by specific equipment, such as airplanes and railroad cars. ETC securities also may be enhanced by letters of credit. An ABS also may be in the form of asset-backed commercial paper, which is issued by a special purpose entity, organized solely to issue the commercial paper and to purchase interests in the assets.
The credit quality of ABS depends primarily on the quality of the underlying assets, the rights of recourse available against the underlying assets and/or the issuer, the level of credit enhancement, if any, provided for the securities, and the credit quality of the credit-support provider, if any. To lessen the effect of failures by obligors on underlying assets to make payments, the securities may contain elements of credit support which fall into two categories: (i) liquidity protection and (ii) protection against losses resulting from ultimate default by an obligor on the underlying assets. Liquidity protection refers to the provision of advances, generally by the entity administering the pool of assets, to ensure that the receipt of payments on the underlying pool occurs in a timely fashion. Protection against losses resulting from ultimate default is ensured by payment through insurance policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties. A Fund will not pay any additional or separate fees for credit support. The degree of credit support provided for each issue is generally based on historical information respecting the level of credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Delinquency or loss in excess of that anticipated or failure of the credit support could adversely affect the return on an investment in such a security. In addition, the risk of default by borrowers is greater during times of rising interest rates and/or unemployment rates and generally is higher in the case of asset pools that include subprime assets.
On occasion, the pool of assets also may include a swap obligation, which is used to change the cash flows on the underlying assets. As an example, a swap may be used to allow floating-rate assets to back a fixed-rate obligation. Credit quality depends primarily on the quality of the underlying assets, the level of credit support, if any, provided by the structure or by a third-party insurance wrap, and the credit quality of the swap counterparty, if any.
ABS may be subject to interest rate risk and prepayment risk. In a period of declining interest rates, borrowers may prepay the underlying assets more quickly than anticipated, thereby reducing the yield to maturity and the average life of the ABS. Moreover, when a Fund reinvests the proceeds of a prepayment in these circumstances, it will likely receive a rate of interest that is lower than the rate on the security that was prepaid. In a period of rising interest rates, prepayments of the underlying assets may occur at a slower than expected rate, creating maturity extension risk. This particular risk may effectively change a security that was considered short or intermediate term at the time of purchase into a longer-term security. Since the value of longer-term securities generally fluctuates more widely in response to changes in interest rates than does the value of shorter-term securities, maturity extension risk could increase the volatility of a Fund. The weighted average life of such securities is likely to be substantially shorter than their stated final maturity as a result of scheduled principal payments and unscheduled principal prepayments.
Bonds
Each Fund may invest in bonds, which are fixed or variable-rate debt obligations, including bills, notes, debentures, money market instruments and similar instruments and securities. Mortgage-backed securities and ABS are types of bonds, and certain types of income-producing, non-convertible preferred stocks may be treated as bonds for investment purposes. Bonds generally are used by corporations, governments and other issuers to borrow money from investors. The issuer pays the investor a fixed or variable rate of interest and normally must repay the amount borrowed on or before maturity. Many preferred stocks and some bonds are “perpetual” in that they have no maturity date. Bonds are subject to interest rate risk and credit risk. Interest rate risk generally is the risk that interest rates will rise and that, as a result, bond prices will fall, lowering the value of a Fund’s investments in bonds. In general, bonds having longer durations are more sensitive to interest rate changes than are bonds with shorter durations. Credit risk generally is the
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risk that an issuer may be unable or unwilling to pay interest and/or principal on the bond. Credit risk can be affected by many factors, including adverse changes in the issuer’s own financial condition or in economic conditions.
Commodity-Linked Notes
Each Fund may invest in commodity-linked notes, which are a type of structured note. Commodity-linked notes are privately negotiated structured debt securities indexed to the return of an index such as the Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index Total Return, which is representative of the commodities market. They are available from a limited number of approved counterparties, and all invested amounts are exposed to the dealer’s credit risk. Commodity-linked notes may be leveraged. For example, if a Fund invests $100 in a three-times leveraged commodity-linked note, it will exchange $100 principal with the dealer to obtain $300 exposure to the commodities market because the value of the note will change by a magnitude of three for every percentage point change (positive or negative) in the value of the underlying index. This means a $100 note would be worth $70 if the commodity index decreased by 10 percent. Structured notes also are subject to counterparty risk.
Investments linked to the prices of commodities, including commodity-linked notes, are considered speculative. The values of commodity-linked notes are affected by events that might have less impact on the values of stocks and bonds. Prices of commodities and related contracts may fluctuate significantly over short periods due to a variety of factors, including changes in supply and demand relationships, weather, agriculture, fiscal, and exchange control programs, disease, pestilence, and international economic, political, military and regulatory developments. In addition, the commodity markets may be subject to temporary distortions and other disruptions due to, among other factors, lack of liquidity, the participation of speculators, and government regulation and other actions. These circumstances could adversely affect the value of the commodity-linked notes and make commodity-linked notes more volatile than other types of investments. Investments in commodity-linked notes may have substantial risks, including risk of loss of a significant portion of their principal value. They also can generate tax risks.
Common Stocks
The Global Managed Volatility Fund may invest in common stocks. Common stock is issued by companies to raise cash for business purposes and represents a proportionate interest in the issuing companies. Therefore, a Fund participates in the success or failure of any company in which it holds stock. The market values of common stock can fluctuate significantly, reflecting the business performance of the issuing company, investor perception, and general economic and financial market movements. Despite the risk of price volatility, however, common stock historically has offered a greater potential for long-term gain on investment, compared to other classes of financial assets such as bonds or cash equivalents, although there can be no assurance that this will be true in the future.
Convertible Securities
Each Fund may invest in convertible securities, which are bonds, preferred stocks, and other securities that pay interest or dividends and offer the buyer the ability to convert the security into common stock. The value of convertible securities depends partially on interest rate changes and the credit quality of the issuer. Because a convertible security affords an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the underlying common stock, the value of convertible securities also depends on the price of the underlying common stock.
A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted, or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to nonconvertible income securities in that they ordinarily provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stocks of the same or similar issuers, but lower yields than comparable nonconvertible securities. The value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also may have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. Convertible securities are subordinate in rank to any senior debt obligations of the same issuer and, therefore, an issuer’s convertible securities entail more risk than its debt obligations.
The convertible securities in which the Funds invest may be rated below investment grade as determined by Moody’s Investors Service Inc. or S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), or unrated but judged by the Manager to be of comparable quality (commonly called “junk” bonds). For a more complete description of debt ratings, see Appendix A. Such securities are deemed to be speculative and involve greater risk of default due to changes in interest rates, economic conditions, and the issuer’s creditworthiness. As a result, their market prices tend to fluctuate more than those of higher-quality securities. During periods of general economic downturns or rising interest rates, issuers of such securities may experience financial difficulties, which could affect their ability to make timely interest and principal payments. A Fund’s ability to timely and accurately value and dispose of lower-quality securities also may be affected by the absence or periodic discontinuance of liquid trading markets.
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Equity-Linked Structured Notes
Each Fund may invest in equity-linked structured notes, which are derivative securities specifically designed to combine the characteristics of one or more underlying securities and their equity derivatives in a single note form. The return and/or yield or income component may be based on the performance of the underlying equity securities, an equity index, and/or option positions. Equity-linked structured notes typically are offered in limited transactions by financial institutions in either registered or non-registered form. An investment in equity-linked notes creates exposure to the credit risk of the issuing financial institution, as well as to the market risk of the underlying securities. There is no guaranteed return of principal with these securities and the appreciation potential of these securities may be limited by a maximum payment or call right. In certain cases, equity-linked notes may be more volatile and less liquid than less complex securities or other types of fixed-income securities. Such securities may exhibit price behavior that does not correlate with other fixed-income securities.
Eurodollar and Yankee Obligations
Each Fund may invest in Eurodollar obligations or Yankee obligations. Eurodollar obligations are dollar-denominated instruments that have been issued outside the U.S. capital markets by foreign corporations and financial institutions and by foreign branches of U.S. corporations and financial institutions. Yankee obligations are dollar-denominated instruments that have been issued by foreign issuers in the U.S. capital markets.
Eurodollar and Yankee obligations are subject to the same risks that pertain to domestic issues, notably credit risk, market risk, and liquidity risk. Additionally, Eurodollar (and to a limited extent, Yankee) obligations are subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of dollars, from leaving the country. Other risks include: adverse political and economic developments; the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions; the imposition of foreign withholding taxes; and expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers. However, Eurodollar and Yankee obligations will undergo the same type of credit analysis as domestic issues in which Fund invests, and will have at least the same financial strength as the domestic issuers approved for Fund.
Exchange-Traded Notes (“ETNs”)
Each Fund may invest in ETNs. ETNs are a type of unsecured, unsubordinated debt security, usually issued by large financial institutions. This type of debt security differs from other types of bonds and notes because ETN returns are based upon the performance of a market index minus applicable fees, no period coupon payments are distributed, and no principal protections exist. The purpose of ETNs is to create a type of security that combines the aspects of both bonds and ETFs. Similar to ETFs, ETNs are traded on a major exchange (i.e., NYSE) during normal trading hours. However, investors also can hold the debt security until maturity. At that time, the issuer will give the investor a cash amount that would be equal to the principal amount (subject to the day’s index factor).
One factor that affects the ETN’s value is the credit rating of the issuer. The value of an ETN also may be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying commodities or securities markets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating, and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced commodity or security. A Fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. If a Fund must sell some or all of its ETN holdings and the secondary market is weak, it may have to sell such holdings at a discount. There may be restrictions on a Fund’s right to redeem its investment in an ETN, which is generally meant to be held until maturity. ETNs are subject to counterparty credit risk and fixed-income risk. ETNs also are subject to tax risk. No assurance can be given that the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) will accept, or a court will uphold, how a Fund characterizes and treats ETNs for federal income tax purposes. Further, Congress and the IRS frequently consider proposals that would change the timing of recognition and tax character of income and gains from ETNs.
Foreign Securities
Each Fund may invest in foreign securities purchased in either foreign (non-dollar denominated) or U.S. markets, including ADRs, EDRs, and GDRs. Investing in foreign securities poses unique risks: currency exchange rate fluctuations; foreign market illiquidity; increased price volatility; exchange control regulations; foreign ownership limits; different accounting, reporting, and disclosure requirements; political or social instability, including policies of foreign governments which may affect their respective equity markets; foreign taxation requirements including withholding taxes; prohibitions or restrictions by certain foreign governments on foreign investing in their capital markets or in certain industries, or limitations on the removal of funds or assets; and difficulties in obtaining legal judgments. In the past, equity and debt instruments of foreign markets have been more volatile than equity and debt instruments of U.S. securities markets.
Investing in the securities of companies located in emerging market countries generally involves greater risk than investing in the securities of companies located in countries with developed markets. The Manager considers all countries of the world to be emerging market countries, except Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the Hong Kong Special
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Administrative Region (“Hong Kong”), Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the United States. The People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) currently exercises sovereignty over Hong Kong; however, Hong Kong retains significant economic and political autonomy under the Basic Law, a “quasi-constitution” that has been in place since Hong Kong reverted to PRC sovereignty in 1997. The Basic Law is anticipated to remain in place until 2047. Investments in emerging market countries may present market, credit, currency, liquidity, legal, political, technical and other risks different from, or greater than, the risks of investing in developed countries. For instance, these countries may be more likely than developed countries to experience rapid and significant developments in their political or economic structures. Some emerging market countries restrict foreign investments, impose withholding or other taxes on foreign investments, and/or may nationalize or expropriate the assets of private companies. Therefore, a Fund may be limited in its ability to make direct or additional investments in an emerging markets country. Such restrictions also may have negative impacts on transaction costs, market price, investment returns and the legal rights and remedies of a Fund. In addition, the securities markets of emerging markets countries generally are smaller, less liquid and more volatile than those of developed countries. Emerging market countries often have less uniformity in accounting and reporting requirements and less reliable settlement, registration and custodial procedures. Emerging market countries also may be subject to high inflation and rapid currency devaluations and may be heavily dependent on international trade, which can materially affect their securities markets. The risks associated with investing in a narrowly defined geographic area also generally are more pronounced with respect to investments in emerging market countries.
Any investments in foreign securities will be made in compliance with U.S. and foreign currency restrictions, tax laws, and laws limiting the amount and types of foreign investments. Pursuit of the Funds’ investment objectives will involve currencies of the United States and of foreign countries. Consequently, changes in exchange rates, currency convertibility, and repatriation requirements may favorably or adversely affect the Funds.
ADRs may be available through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by a depositary and the issuer of the security underlying the receipt. An unsponsored facility may be established by a depositary without participation by the issuer of the security underlying the receipt. There are greater risks associated with holding unsponsored depositary receipts. For example, if an Underlying Fund holds an unsponsored depositary receipt, it will generally bear all of the costs of establishing the unsponsored facility. In addition, the depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security. Whether a sponsored or unsponsored facility, there is no assurance that either would pass through to the holders of the receipts voting rights with respect to the deposited securities.
Forward Currency Contracts
Each Fund may enter into forward currency contracts. A forward contract involves an agreement to purchase or sell a specific currency at a specified future date or over a specified time period at a price set at the time of the contract. Forward currency contracts seek to protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign exchange rates. These contracts are usually traded directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. A forward contract generally has no deposit requirements, and no commissions are charged.
A Fund may enter into forward currency contracts under two circumstances. First, when a Fund enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency, it may desire to “lock in” the U.S. dollar price of the security until settlement. By entering into such a contract, a Fund will be able to protect itself against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the foreign currency from the date the security is purchased or sold to the date on which payment is made or received. Second, when management of a Fund believes that the currency of a specific country may deteriorate relative to the U.S. dollar, it may enter into a forward contract to sell that currency. A Fund may not hedge with respect to a particular currency for an amount greater than the aggregate market value (determined at the time of making any sale of forward currency) of the securities held in its portfolio denominated or quoted in, or bearing a substantial correlation to, such currency.
The use of forward contracts involves certain risks. The precise matching of contract amounts and the value of securities involved generally will not be possible since the future value of such securities in currencies more than likely will change between the date the contract is entered into and the date it matures. The projection of short-term currency market movements is extremely difficult, and successful execution of a short-term hedging strategy is uncertain. Under normal circumstances, consideration of the prospect for currency parities will be incorporated into the longer-term investment strategies. The Manager believes it is important, however, to have the flexibility to enter into such contracts when it determines it is in the best interest of Fund to do so. It is impossible to forecast what the market value of portfolio securities will be at the expiration of a contract. Accordingly, it may be necessary for a Fund to purchase additional currency (and bear the expense of such purchase) if the market value of the security is less than the amount of currency a Fund is obligated to deliver, and if a decision is made to sell the security and make delivery of the currency. Conversely, it may be necessary to sell some of the foreign currency received on the sale of the portfolio security if its market value exceeds the amount of currency a Fund is obligated to deliver. A Fund is not required to enter into such transactions and will not do so unless deemed appropriate by the Manager.
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Although the Funds value their assets each business day in terms of U.S. dollars, they do not intend to convert their foreign currencies into U.S. dollars on a daily basis. They will do so from time to time, and shareholders should be aware of currency conversion costs. Although foreign exchange dealers do not charge a fee for conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference (spread) between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to a Fund at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should a Fund desire to resell that currency to the dealer.
Forward contracts in which a Fund may engage include foreign exchange forwards. The consummation of a foreign exchange forward requires the actual exchange of the principal amounts of the two currencies in the contract (i.e., settlement on a physical basis). Because foreign exchange forwards are physically settled through an exchange of currencies, they are traded in the interbank market directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. A foreign exchange forward generally has no deposit requirement, and no commissions are charged at any stage for trades; foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference (the spread) between the prices at which they are buying and the prices at which they are selling various currencies. When a Fund enters into a foreign exchange forward, it relies on the counterparty to make or take delivery of the underlying currency at the maturity of the contract. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction. A Fund may be required to obtain the currency that it must deliver under the foreign exchange forward through the sale of portfolio securities denominated in such currency or through conversion of other assets of a Fund into such currency.
Forward contracts in which a Fund may engage also include non-deliverable forwards (“NDFs”). NDFs are cash-settled, short-term forward contracts on foreign currencies (each a “Reference Currency”) that are non-convertible and that may be thinly traded or illiquid. NDFs involve an obligation to pay an amount (the “Settlement Amount”) equal to the difference between the prevailing market exchange rate for the Reference Currency and the agreed upon exchange rate (the “NDF Rate”), with respect to an agreed notional amount. NDFs have a fixing date and a settlement (delivery) date. The fixing date is the date and time at which the difference between the prevailing market exchange rate and the agreed upon exchange rate is calculated. The settlement (delivery) date is the date by which the payment of the Settlement Amount is due to the party receiving payment.
Although NDFs are similar to foreign exchange forwards, NDFs do not require physical delivery of the Reference Currency on the settlement date. Rather, on the settlement date, the only transfer between the counterparties is the monetary settlement amount representing the difference between the NDF Rate and the prevailing market exchange rate. NDFs typically may have terms from one month up to two years and are settled in U.S. dollars.
NDFs are subject to many of the risks associated with derivatives in general and forward currency transactions, including risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency and the risk that the counterparty will fail to fulfill its obligations. Although NDFs historically have been traded over-the-counter, in the future, pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank Act”), they may be exchange-traded. Under such circumstances, they will be centrally cleared, and a secondary market for them will exist. With respect to NDFs that are centrally cleared, an investor could lose margin payments it has deposited with the clearing organization as well as the net amount of gains not yet paid by the clearing organization if the clearing organization breaches its obligations under the NDF, becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In the event of bankruptcy of the clearing organization, the investor may be entitled to the net amount of gains the investor is entitled to receive plus the return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the clearing organization’s other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the investor. Even if some NDFs remain traded OTC, they will be subject to margin requirements for uncleared swaps and counterparty risk common to other swaps.
Leveraged Loans
Each Fund may invest in leveraged loans, a type of bank loan. Leveraged loans are adjustable-rate bank loans made to companies rated below investment grade. The interest rates on leveraged loans are reset periodically based upon the fluctuations of a base interest rate such as LIBOR and a “spread” above that base interest rate that represents a risk premium to the lending banks and/or other participating investors. Many bank loans bear an adjustable rate of interest; however, leveraged loans provide for a greater “spread” over the base interest rate than other bank loans because they are considered to represent a greater credit risk. Because they are perceived to represent a greater credit risk, leveraged loans possess certain attributes that are similar to high-yield securities. However, because they are often secured by collateral of the borrower, leveraged loans possess certain attributes that are similar to other bank loans.
LIBOR Discontinuation Risk
Many debt securities, derivatives and other financial instruments, including some of a Fund's investments, use the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) as the reference or benchmark rate for variable interest rate calculations. However, the use of LIBOR started to come under pressure following manipulation allegations in 2012. Despite increased regulation and other corrective actions since that time, concerns have arisen regarding its viability as a benchmark, due largely to reduced activity in the financial markets that it measures.
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In June 2017, the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a group of large U.S. banks working with the Federal Reserve, announced its selection of a new Secured Overnight Funding Rate (“SOFR”), which is intended to be a broad measure of secured overnight U.S. Treasury repo rates, as an appropriate replacement for LIBOR. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York began publishing the SOFR in 2018, expecting that it could be used on a voluntary basis in new instruments and transactions. Bank working groups and regulators in other countries have suggested other alternatives for their markets, including the Sterling Overnight Interbank Average Rate (“SONIA”) in England.
In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”), the United Kingdom financial regulatory body, announced that after 2021 it will cease its active encouragement of UK banks to provide the quotations needed to sustain LIBOR. That announcement suggests that LIBOR may cease to be published after that time. The roughly three-year period until the end of 2021 is expected to be enough time for market participants to transition to the use of a different benchmark for both new and existing securities and transactions.
Various financial industry groups have begun planning for that transition, but there are obstacles to converting certain longer-term securities and transactions to a new benchmark. Transition planning is at an early stage, and neither the effect of the transition process nor its ultimate success can yet be known. The transition process might lead to increased volatility and illiquidity in markets that currently rely on the LIBOR to determine interest rates. It could also lead to a reduction in the value of some LIBOR-based investments and reduce the effectiveness of new hedges placed against existing LIBOR-based instruments. Since the usefulness of LIBOR as a benchmark could deteriorate during the transition period, these effects could occur before the end of 2021.
Loan Interests and Direct Debt Instruments (“bank loans”)
Each Fund may invest in loan interests and direct debt instruments, generally referred to as bank loans, which are interests in amounts owed by a corporate, governmental, or other borrower to lenders or lending syndicates (in the case of loans and loan participations), to suppliers of goods or services (in the case of trade claims or other receivables), or to other parties. These investments involve a risk of loss in case of the default, insolvency, or bankruptcy of the borrower.
Loans normally are not registered with the SEC or any state securities commission or listed on any securities exchange. As a result, there typically is less public information available about a specific loan than there would be if the loan were registered or traded on an exchange. Loans also may not be considered “securities,” and purchasers, such as a Funds, may not be entitled to rely on the anti-fraud protections of the federal securities laws with respect to any loans they own in the event of fraud or misrepresentation by a borrower.
A Fund may come into possession of material non-public information about a borrower as a result of its ownership of a loan or other debt instrument of such borrower. Because of prohibitions on trading in securities of issuers while possessing such information, a Fund might be unable to enter into a transaction in a publicly traded security of that borrower when it otherwise would be advantageous to do so.
Purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower for payment of interest and repayment of principal. If scheduled interest or principal payments are not made, or are not made in a timely manner, the value of the instrument may be adversely affected. Loans that are fully secured provide more protections than unsecured loans in the event of failure to make scheduled interest or principal payments. However, there is no assurance that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the borrower’s obligation, or that the collateral could be liquidated. Indebtedness of borrowers whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks and may be highly speculative. Borrowers that are in bankruptcy or restructuring may never pay off their indebtedness, or may only pay a small fraction of the amount owed. Direct indebtedness of developing countries also involves a risk that the governmental entities responsible for the repayment of the debt may be unable, or unwilling, to pay interest and repay principal when due.
Investments in loans through direct assignment of a financial institution’s interests with respect to a loan may involve additional risks such as a loan foreclosure, and costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. In addition, it is possible that a purchaser could be held liable as a co-lender. Direct debt instruments also may involve a risk of insolvency of the lending bank or other intermediary.
A loan often is administered by a bank or other financial institution that acts as agent for all holders. The agent administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. Unless the purchaser has direct recourse against the borrower, the purchaser may have to rely on the agent to apply appropriate credit remedies against a borrower under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness. If assets held by the agent for the benefit of a purchaser were determined to be subject to the claims of the agent’s general creditors, the purchaser might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on the loan or loan participation and could suffer a loss of principal or interest.
Direct indebtedness may include letters of credit, revolving credit facilities, or other standby financing commitments that obligate purchasers to make additional cash payments on demand. These commitments may have the effect of requiring a purchaser to increase
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its investment in a borrower at a time when it would not otherwise have done so, even if the borrower’s condition makes it unlikely that the amount will ever be repaid.
For purposes of a Fund investment limitations, a Fund generally will treat the borrower as the “issuer” of indebtedness held by a Fund. In the case of loan participations where a bank or other lending institution serves as financial intermediary between a Fund and the borrower, if the participation does not shift the direct debtor-creditor relationship with the borrower to a Fund, SEC interpretations require a Fund, in some circumstances, to treat both the lending bank or other lending institution and the borrower as “issuers” for purposes of a Fund’s investment policies. Treating a financial intermediary as an issuer of indebtedness may restrict a Fund’s ability to invest in indebtedness related to a single financial intermediary, or a group of intermediaries engaged in the same industry, even if the underlying borrowers represent many different companies and industries.
Loans may have extended settlement periods. Accordingly, the proceeds from the sale of a loan may not be available to make additional investments or to meet redemption obligations until potentially a substantial period after the sale of the loan. The extended trade settlement periods could force a Fund to liquidate other securities to meet redemptions and may present a risk that a Fund may incur losses in order to timely honor redemptions.
Master Demand Notes
Each Fund may invest in master demand notes, which are obligations that permit the investment of fluctuating amounts by each Fund, at varying rates of interest using direct arrangements between the Fund, as lender, and the borrower. These notes permit daily changes in the amounts borrowed. Each Fund has the right to increase the amount under the note at any time up to the full amount provided by the note agreement, or to decrease the amount, and the borrower may repay up to the full amount of the note without penalty. Frequently, such obligations are secured by letters of credit or other credit support arrangements provided by banks. Because master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between the lender and borrower, these instruments generally will not be traded; and there generally is no secondary market for these notes, although they are redeemable (and immediately repayable by the borrower) at face value, plus accrued interest, at any time. The Manager will invest a Fund’s assets in master demand notes only if the Board or its delegate has determined that they are of credit quality comparable to the debt securities in which the Fund generally may invest.
Master Limited Partnerships (“MLPs”)
Each Fund may invest in MLPs. MLPs are publicly traded partnerships whose interests or “units” are traded on securities exchanges like shares of corporate stock. A typical MLP consists of a general partner and limited partners; however, some MLPs are established as limited liability companies. To be treated as a partnership for federal tax purposes, an MLP generally must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from qualifying sources, including activities such as the exploration, development, mining, production, processing, refining, transportation, storage and certain marketing of mineral or natural resources. MLPs provide investors with strategic exposure to physical assets, which can be attractive in inflationary environments.
Investments in securities of an MLP involve risks that differ from investments in common stock, including risks related to limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting the MLP, risks related to potential conflicts of interest between the MLP and the MLP’s general partner, cash flow risks, and dilution risks. Certain MLP securities may trade in lower volumes due to their smaller capitalizations, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements and lower market liquidity.
Investing in MLPs also involves certain risks related to the underlying assets of the MLPs. MLPs generally are considered interest-rate sensitive investments, and during periods of interest rate volatility, may not provide attractive returns. MLPs operate in the energy sector and may be adversely affected by fluctuations in the prices and levels of supply and demand for energy commodities. A decrease in the production or availability of energy commodities, including through their natural depletion over time, may adversely impact the financial performance of MLPs. MLPs are subject to significant federal, state, and local government regulation in virtually every aspect of their operations. Such regulation can change over time in both scope and intensity, and such changes could increase compliance costs and adversely affect the financial performance of MLPs. There is an inherent risk that MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector may incur environmental costs and liabilities due to the nature of their businesses and the substances they handle. Natural disasters, such as hurricanes, also may impact MLPs.
MLPs also are subject to risks relating to their complex tax structure, including the risk that a change in current tax law or a change in the business of a given MLP could cause the MLP to lose its tax status as a partnership, which may reduce the value of the Fund’s investment in the MLP and lower income to a Fund. Depreciation or other cost recovery deductions passed through to a Fund from any investments in MLPs in a given year will generally reduce a Fund’s taxable income, but those deductions may be recaptured in one or more subsequent years. When recognized and distributed, recapture income will generally be taxable to Fund shareholders at the time of the distribution at ordinary income tax rates, even though those shareholders might not have held shares in the Fund at the time the deductions were taken, and even though those shareholders may not have corresponding economic gain on their shares at the time of the recapture.
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Mortgage-Backed Securities
Each Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities include, but are not limited to, securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae,” also known as “GNMA”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”). These securities represent ownership in a pool of mortgage loans. They differ from conventional bonds in that principal is paid back to the investor as payments are made on the underlying mortgages in the pool. Accordingly, a Fund receives monthly scheduled payments of principal and interest along with any unscheduled principal prepayments on the underlying mortgages. Because these scheduled and unscheduled principal payments must be reinvested at prevailing interest rates, mortgage-backed securities do not provide an effective means of locking in long-term interest rates for the investor. Like other fixed-income securities, when interest rates rise, the value of mortgage-backed securities with prepayment features generally will decline. In addition, when interest rates are declining, the value of mortgage-backed securities with prepayment features may not increase as much as other fixed-income securities. The weighted average life of such securities is likely to be substantially shorter than the stated final maturity as a result of scheduled principal payments and unscheduled principal prepayments.
Ginnie Mae is a government-owned corporation that is an agency of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. It guarantees, with the full faith and credit of the United States, full and timely payment of all monthly principal and interest on its mortgage-backed securities. Until recently, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were government-sponsored corporations owned entirely by private stockholders. Both issue mortgage-related securities that contain guarantees as to timely payment of interest and principal but that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The value of the companies’ securities fell sharply in 2008 due to concerns that the firms did not have sufficient capital to offset losses. The U.S. Treasury historically has had the authority to purchase obligations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. In addition, in 2008, due to capitalization concerns, Congress provided the U.S. Treasury with additional authority to lend Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac emergency funds and to purchase the companies’ stock, as described below. In September 2008, the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) announced that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had been placed in conservatorship.
Since that time, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have received significant capital support through U.S. Treasury preferred stock purchases and U.S. Federal Reserve (the “Fed”) purchases of their mortgage-backed securities. While the Fed’s purchases have terminated, the U.S. Treasury announced in December 2009 that it would continue its support for the entities’ capital as necessary to prevent a negative net worth. From the time Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were placed into conservatorship through the fourth quarter of 2017, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac required U.S. Treasury support of approximately $187.5 billion through draws under the preferred stock purchase agreements and have paid the U.S. Treasury approximately $278.8 billion in aggregate cash dividends. However, such payments do not constitute a repayment of the draws Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac received from the U.S. Treasury. In the first quarter of 2018, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac each reported that the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017 had resulted in a decrease in the value of their deferred tax assets. As a result, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac reported net losses during the fourth quarter of 2017 and indicated that they would request draws from the U.S. Treasury in the amount of $3.7 billion and $0.3 billion, respectively. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the Fed, U.S. Treasury, or FHFA initiatives will ensure that Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac will remain successful in meeting their obligations with respect to the debt and mortgage-backed securities they issue. Moreover, there remains significant uncertainty as to whether (or when) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will emerge from conservatorship, which has no specified termination date. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac also are the subject of several continuing class action lawsuits and investigations by federal regulators, which (along with any resulting financial restatements) may adversely affect the guaranteeing entities. The future of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac is in question as Congress is considering several pieces of legislation that would reform Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which would propose to address their structure, mission, portfolio limits and guarantee fees, among other issues. The potential impact of these developments is unclear, but they could cause a Fund to lose money.
Unlike mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or one of the GSEs, mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers do not have a government or GSE guarantee. Private issuers may purchase various forms of private insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance, to support the timely payment of principal and interest of the underlying mortgage loans. However, there can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. In addition, privately issued mortgage-backed securities are not traded on an exchange and there may be a limited market for the securities, especially when there is a perceived weakness in the mortgage and real estate market sectors. Without an active trading market, private mortgage-backed securities may be particularly difficult to value because of the complexities involved in assessing the value of the underlying mortgage loans.
On June 3, 2019, under the FHFA’s “Single Security Initiative,” Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac ceased issuing their own mortgage-based securities and started issuing uniform mortgage-backed securities (“UMBS”). The Single Security Initiative seeks to align the characteristics of certain Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage-based securities and to support the overall liquidity in certain markets. Each UMBS will have a 55-day remittance cycle and can be used as collateral in either a Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac security or held for investment. In addition, investors may be approached to convert existing mortgage-backed securities into UMBS, possibly with an
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inducement fee being offered to holders of Freddie Mac mortgage-backed securities. The effects that the Single Security Initiative may have on the market and other mortgage-backed securities are uncertain.
Each Fund also may invest in mortgage-backed securities that include collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBSs”), stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBSs”), interest only commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS IOs”), and mortgage dollar rolls.
CMOs are obligations fully collateralized by a portfolio of mortgages or mortgage-related securities. CMOs are divided into pieces (tranches) with varying maturities. The cash flow from the underlying mortgages is used to pay off each tranche separately. CMOs are designed to provide investors with more predictable cash flows than regular mortgage securities, but such cash flows can be difficult to predict because of the effect of prepayments. Failure to accurately predict prepayments can adversely affect a Fund’s return on these investments. CMOs also may be less marketable than other securities.
CMBSs include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property, such as industrial and warehouse properties, office buildings, retail space and shopping malls, apartments, hotels and motels, nursing homes, hospitals and senior living centers. Many of the risks of investing in CMBSs reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments, and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. In addition, commercial properties, particularly industrial and warehouse properties, are subject to environmental risks and the burdens and costs of compliance with environmental laws and regulations. CMBSs may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage-backed securities.
SMBSs are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBSs may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, and special purpose entities of the foregoing. SMBSs are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest only or “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a Fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories. Although SMBSs are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, established trading markets for these types of securities are not as developed and, accordingly, these securities may be deemed “illiquid” and subject to a Fund’s limitations on investment in illiquid securities.
CMBS IOs are similar to the SMBSs described above but are contrasted by being backed by loans that have various forms of prepayment protection, which include lock-out provisions, yield maintenance provisions, and prepayment penalties. Therefore, they generally have less prepayment risk than SMBSs, and also are less sensitive to interest rate changes. CMBS IOs are subject to default-related prepayments that may have a negative impact on yield.
In mortgage dollar roll transactions, a Fund sells mortgage-backed securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to purchase substantially similar securities on a specified future date. While the Fund would forego principal and interest paid on the mortgage-backed securities during the roll period, the Fund would be compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower price for the future purchase as well as by any interest earned on the proceeds of the initial sale. At the time a Fund enters into a mortgage dollar roll, it designates on its books and records cash or liquid securities to secure its obligation for the forward commitment to buy mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage dollar roll transactions may be considered a borrowing by a Fund. The mortgage dollar rolls entered into by a Fund may be used as arbitrage transactions in which the Fund will maintain an offsetting position in investment grade debt obligations or repurchase agreements that mature on or before the settlement date on the related mortgage dollar roll. Because a Fund will receive interest on the securities or repurchase agreements in which it invests the transaction proceeds, such transactions may involve leverage.
Municipal Lease Obligations (“MLOs”)
Each Fund may invest in MLOs, which are installment purchase contract obligations, and certificates of participation in such obligations (collectively, “lease obligations”). Lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of a municipality for which the municipality’s taxing power is pledged, although a lease obligation is ordinarily backed by a municipality’s covenant to budget for the payments due under the lease obligation.
Certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses, which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease obligation payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. Although “non-appropriation”
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lease obligations are secured by the leased property, disposition of the property in the event of foreclosure might prove difficult. In evaluating a potential investment in such a lease obligation, the Manager will consider: (1) the credit quality of the obligor; (2) whether the underlying property is essential to a governmental function; and (3) whether the lease obligation contains covenants prohibiting the obligor from substituting similar property if the obligor fails to make appropriations for the lease obligation.
Options on Securities and Securities Indexes
Each Fund may purchase and sell options on securities or securities indexes to implement its investment strategy. There are two basic types of options: “puts” and “calls.” Each type of option can be used to establish either a long or a short position, depending upon whether a Fund is the purchaser or a writer of the option. A call option on a security, for example, gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer of the option the obligation to sell, the underlying asset at the exercise price during the option period. Conversely, a put option on a security gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and the writer of the option the obligation to buy, the underlying asset at the exercise price during the option period.
Purchased options have limited risk equal to the amount of the premium paid for the option. Such options afford the opportunity for gain corresponding to the increase or decrease in the value of the optioned asset. In general, a purchased put increases in value as the value of the underlying security falls and a purchased call increases in value as the value of the underlying security rises.
The principal reason to write options is to generate extra income (the premium paid by the buyer). Written options have varying degrees of risk. An uncovered written call option theoretically carries unlimited risk, as the market price of the underlying asset could rise far above the exercise price before its expiration. This risk is tempered when the call option is covered, that is, when the option writer owns the underlying asset. In this case, the writer runs the risk of the lost opportunity to participate in the appreciation in value of the asset rather than the risk of an out-of-pocket loss. A written put option has defined risk, that is, the difference between the agreed-upon price that a Fund must pay to the buyer upon exercise of the put and the value, which could be zero, of the asset at the time of exercise.
The obligation of the writer of an option continues until the writer effects a closing purchase transaction or until the option expires. To secure its obligation to deliver the underlying asset in the case of a call option, or to pay for the underlying asset in the case of a put option, a covered writer is required to deposit in escrow the underlying security or other assets in accordance with the rules of the applicable clearing corporation and exchanges.
Among the options that a Fund may purchase or sell are options on a securities index. In general, options on an index of securities are similar to options on the securities themselves except that delivery requirements are different. For example, a put option on an index of securities does not give the holder the right to make actual delivery of a basket of securities but instead gives the holder the right to receive an amount of cash upon exercise of the option if the value of the underlying index has fallen below the exercise price. The amount of cash received will be equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars times a specified multiple. As with options on equity securities, or futures contracts, a Fund may offset its position in index options prior to expiration by entering into a closing transaction on an exchange or it may let the option expire unexercised.
A securities index assigns relative values to the securities included in the index, and the index options are based on a broad market index. In connection with the use of such options, a Fund may cover its position by identifying assets having a value equal to the aggregate face value of the option position taken.
Indexed securities are instruments whose prices are indexed to the prices of other securities, securities indexes, commodities indexes, currencies, precious metals or other commodities, or other financial indicators. Indexed securities typically, but not always, are debt securities or deposits whose value at maturity or coupon rate is determined by reference to a specific instrument or statistic.
Inflation-protected securities, for example, can be indexed to a measure of inflation, such as the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”).
Commodity-indexed securities, for example, can be indexed to a commodities index such as the Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index Total Return.
The performance of indexed securities depends to a great extent on the performance of the security, currency, commodity, or other instrument or measure to which they are indexed, and also may be influenced by interest rate changes in the United States and abroad. Indexed securities may be more volatile than the underlying instruments or measures. Indexed securities also are subject to the credit risks associated with the issuer of the security, and their values may decline substantially if the issuer’s creditworthiness deteriorates. Recent issuers of indexed securities have included banks, corporations, the U.S. Treasury, and certain other U.S. government agencies. In calculating a Fund’s dividends, index-based adjustments may be considered income.
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Periodic Auction Reset Bonds
Each Fund may invest in periodic auction reset bonds. Periodic auction reset bonds are bonds whose interest rates are reset periodically through an auction mechanism. For purposes of calculating the portfolio weighted average maturity of each Fund, the maturity of periodic auction reset bonds will be deemed to be the next interest reset date, rather than the remaining stated maturity of the instrument.
Periodic auction reset bonds, similar to short-term debt instruments, are generally subject to less interest rate risk than long-term fixed rate debt instruments because the interest rate will be periodically reset in a market auction. Periodic auction reset bonds with a long remaining stated maturity (i.e., 10 years or more), however, could have greater market risk than fixed short-term debt instruments, arising from the possibility of auction failure or insufficient demand at an auction, resulting in greater price volatility of such instruments compared to fixed short-term bonds.
Preferred Stocks
Each Fund may invest in preferred stocks, which represent a class of capital stock. Generally, preferred stock has a specified dividend and ranks after bonds and before common stocks in its claim on income for dividend payments and on assets should the company be liquidated. Preferred stockholders do not ordinarily enjoy any of the voting rights of common stockholders. Most preferred stock is cumulative, meaning that if dividends are passed (not paid for any reason), they accumulate and must be paid before common dividends. Typically, a preferred stock pays a fixed dividend that does not fluctuate, although the company does not have to pay this dividend if it lacks the financial ability to do so. However, an adjustable-rate preferred stock pays a dividend that is adjustable, usually quarterly, based on changes in the U.S. Treasury bill rate or other money market rates. A convertible preferred stock is exchangeable for a given number of common shares and thus tends to be more volatile than nonconvertible preferred, which behaves more like a fixed-income bond. The main benefit to owning preferred stock is that the investor has a greater claim on the company’s assets than common stockholders. Preferred stockholders always receive their dividends, and in the event the company goes bankrupt are paid off before common stockholders. Each Fund may purchase preferred stock where the issuer has omitted, or is in danger of omitting, payment of its dividend. Such investments would be made primarily for their capital appreciation potential.
Put Bonds
Each Fund may invest in securities (including securities with variable interest rates), the interest on which is excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes (“tax-exempt securities”), that may be redeemed or sold back (put) to the issuer of the security or a third party prior to stated maturity (put bonds). Such securities normally will trade as if maturity is the earliest put date, even though stated maturity is longer. Under a Fund’s portfolio allocation procedure, maturity for put bonds is deemed to be the date on which the put becomes exercisable.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”)
Because each Fund may invest a portion of its assets in equity securities of REITs, these Funds also may be subject to certain risks associated with direct investments in real estate, including the cyclical nature of real estate values, risks related to general and local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, demographic trends and variations in rental income, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, environmental risks, and increases in interest rates and other real estate capital market influences.
In addition, each Fund may invest a portion of its assets in the debt and preferred securities of REITs and, therefore, may be subject to certain other risks, such as credit risk, associated with investment in these securities. REITs may be affected by changes in the value of their underlying properties and by defaults by borrowers or tenants. Furthermore, REITs depend upon the specialized management skills of their managers and may have limited geographic diversification, thereby subjecting them to risks inherent in financing a limited number of projects. REITs generally depend on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to shareholders, and certain REITs have self-liquidation provisions by which mortgages held may be paid in full and distributions of capital returns may be made at any time. A shareholder in a Fund that invests in REITs will bear not only its proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also will bear, indirectly, the management expenses of the underlying REITs.
Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities (“STRIPS”)
Each Fund may invest in STRIPS, which are U.S. Treasury securities that allow the investor to hold and trade the individual interest and principal components of eligible Treasury notes and bonds as separate securities. STRIPS can only be purchased and held through financial institutions and government securities brokers and dealers. These securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
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Structured Notes
Each Fund may invest in structured notes. Structured notes are derivative debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator. A structured note may be positively, negatively or both positively and negatively indexed; that is, its value or interest rate may increase or decrease if the value of the reference instrument increases. Similarly, its value may increase or decrease if the value of the reference instrument decreases. Further, the change in the principal amount payable with respect to, or the interest rate of, a structured note may be a multiple of the percentage change (positive or negative) in the value of the underlying reference instrument(s). Structured or indexed securities also may be more volatile, less liquid, and more difficult to accurately price than less complex securities or more traditional debt securities.
Synthetic Instruments
Each Fund may invest in tender option bonds, bond receipts, and similar synthetic municipal instruments. A synthetic instrument is a security created by combining an intermediate or long-term municipal bond with a right to sell the instrument back to the remarketer or liquidity provider for repurchase on short notice. This right to sell is commonly referred to as a tender option. Usually, the tender option is backed by a conditional guarantee or letter of credit from a bank or other financial institution. Under its terms, the guarantee may expire if the municipality defaults on payments of interest or principal on the underlying bond, if the credit rating of the municipality is downgraded, or interest on the underlying bond ceases to be excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes. The recent economic downturn and budgetary constraints have made municipal securities more susceptible to downgrade, default, and bankruptcy. Synthetic instruments involve structural risks that could adversely affect the value of the instrument or could result in a Fund’s holding an instrument for a longer period of time than originally anticipated. For example, because of the structure of a synthetic instrument, there is a risk that a Fund will not be able to exercise its tender option.
Swap Arrangements
Each Fund may enter into various forms of swap arrangements with counterparties with respect to interest rates, currency rates or indexes, including purchase of caps, floors and collars as described below. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to more than one year.
In an interest rate swap Fund could agree for a specified period to pay a bank or investment banker the floating rate of interest on a so-called notional principal amount (i.e., an assumed figure selected by the parties for this purpose) in exchange for agreement by the bank or investment banker to pay Fund a fixed rate of interest on the notional principal amount. In a currency swap Fund would agree with the other party to exchange cash flows based on the relative differences in values of a notional amount of two (or more) currencies; in an index swap, Fund would agree to exchange cash flows on a notional amount based on changes in the values of the selected indexes. The purchase of a cap entitles the purchaser to receive payments from the seller on a notional amount to the extent that the selected index exceeds an agreed upon interest rate or amount, whereas the purchase of a floor entitles the purchaser to receive such payments to the extent the selected index falls below an agreed upon interest rate or amount. A collar combines buying a cap and selling a floor.
Most swaps entered into by a Fund will be on a net basis. For example, in an interest rate swap, amounts generated by application of the fixed rate and floating rate to the notional principal amount would first offset one another, with the Fund either receiving or paying the difference between such amounts. In order to be in a position to meet any obligations resulting from swaps, a Fund will set up a segregated custodial account to hold liquid assets, including cash. For swaps entered into on a net basis, assets will be segregated having an NAV equal to any excess of a Fund’s accrued obligations over the accrued obligations of the other party; for swaps on other than a net basis, assets will be segregated having a value equal to the total amount of a Fund’s obligations. Collateral is treated as illiquid.
Swap agreements historically have been individually negotiated, and most swap arrangements are currently traded over-the-counter. Certain standardized swaps currently are, and more in the future will be, centrally cleared and traded on either a swap execution facility or a designated contract market. Cleared swaps are transmitted through FCMs that are members of central clearinghouses with the clearinghouse serving as a central counterparty similar to transactions in futures contracts. Central clearing is expected to decrease counterparty risk and increase liquidity compared to uncleared swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each participant's swap. However, central clearing does not eliminate counterparty risk or illiquidity risk entirely. For example, swaps that are centrally cleared are subject to the creditworthiness of the clearing organization involved in the transaction. An investor could lose margin payments it has deposited with its FCM as well as the net amount of gains not yet paid by the clearing organization if the clearing organization becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In the event of bankruptcy of the clearing organization, the investor may be entitled to the net amount of gains the investor is entitled to receive plus the return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the clearing organization’s other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the investor. In addition, depending on the size of a portfolio and other factors, the margin required under the rules of a clearinghouse and by a clearing member FCM may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by a portfolio to support its obligations under a similar uncleared swap. It is expected, however, that regulators will adopt rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on uncleared swaps in the near future, which could reduce the distinction.
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These swap arrangements will be made primarily for hedging purposes to preserve the return on an investment or on a portion of a Fund’s portfolio. However, a Fund may, as noted above, enter into such arrangements for income purposes to the extent permitted by applicable law. In entering into a swap arrangement, a Fund is dependent upon the creditworthiness and good faith of the counterparty. A Fund will attempt to reduce the risk of nonperformance by the counterparty by dealing only with established, reputable institutions. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation and in some cases transacting in swaps that are centrally cleared and exchange-traded. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid. Certain swap transactions involve more recent innovations for which standardized documentation has not yet been fully developed and generally will not be centrally cleared or traded on an exchange and, accordingly, they are less liquid than traditional swap transactions.
A Fund may enter into interest rate swaps, the use of which is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Manager is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates, or other applicable factors, the investment performance of a Fund would diminish compared with what it would have been if these investment techniques were not used. Moreover, even if the Manager is correct in its forecasts, there is a risk that the swap position may correlate imperfectly with the price of the asset or liability being hedged.
Each Fund may enter into credit default swap (“CDS”) contracts for investment purposes. The Funds also may invest in credit default swap indexes, which are portfolios of credit default swaps with similar characteristics. If a Fund is a seller of a CDS contract, a Fund would be required to pay the par (or other agreed upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or foreign corporate issuer, on the debt obligation. In return, a Fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, a Fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. As the seller, a Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. As the seller, a Fund also is not required to remain in the CDS contract until default or maturity and could terminate the contract and incur a realized gain or loss.
Each Fund also may purchase CDS contracts in order to hedge against the risk of default of debt securities it holds, in which case a Fund would function as the counterparty referenced above. This would involve the risk that the swap may expire worthless and would only generate income in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial instability). It also would involve credit risk; the seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to a Fund in the event of a default. As the buyer, a Fund is not required to remain in the CDS contract until default or maturity and could terminate the contract and incur a realized gain or loss.
The swap market was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act. The Dodd-Frank Act has changed the way the U.S. swap market is supervised and regulated. Developments in the swap market under final implementing regulations under the Dodd-Frank Act will adversely affect a Fund’s ability to enter into certain swaps in the over-the-counter market (and require that certain of such instruments be exchange-traded and centrally cleared). Dodd-Frank Act developments also could adversely affect a Fund’s ability to support swap trades with collateral, terminate new or existing swap agreements, or realize amounts to be received under such instruments. Regulations that are being developed by the CFTC and banking regulators will require a Fund to post margin on over-the-counter swaps, and clearing organizations and exchanges require minimum margin requirements for exchange-traded and cleared swaps. These changes under the Dodd-Frank Act may increase the cost of a Fund’s swap investments, which could adversely affect Fund investors.
Tax-Exempt Securities
Each Fund may purchase tax-exempt securities, which include general obligation bonds, which are secured by the issuer’s pledge of its faith, credit, and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest; revenue bonds, which are payable from the revenue derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue source, but not from the general taxing power; and certain types of industrial development bonds issued by or on behalf of public authorities to obtain funds for privately operated facilities, provided that the interest paid on such securities qualifies as exempt from federal income taxes.
Treasury Inflation-Indexed Securities
Each Fund may invest in treasury inflation-indexed securities (also referred to as “treasury inflation-protected securities” or “TIPS”), which are U.S. Treasury securities that have been designed to provide a real rate of return after being adjusted over time to reflect the impact of inflation. Their principal value periodically adjusts to take into account the rate of inflation. They trade at prevailing real, or after inflation, interest rates. The U.S. Treasury guarantees repayment of at least the face value of these securities in the event of sustained deflation or a drop in prices.
While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates),
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investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure. If inflation is lower than expected while a Fund holds TIPS, the Fund may earn less on the TIPS than it would on conventional Treasury bonds.
Variable-Rate Demand Notes (“VRDNs”)
Each Fund may invest in VRDNs, which are securities that provide the right to sell the security at face value on either that day or within a rate-reset period. The interest rate is adjusted at a stipulated daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, or other specified time interval to a rate that reflects current market conditions. The effective maturity for these instruments is deemed to be less than 397 days in accordance with detailed SEC regulatory requirements. These interest rate adjustments can both raise and lower the income generated by such securities. These changes will have the same effect on the income earned by a Fund depending on the proportion of such securities held. VRDNs are tax-exempt securities.
Zero Coupon Bonds
Each Fund may invest in zero coupon bonds. A zero coupon bond is a security that is sold at a discount from its face value (original issue discount), makes no periodic interest payments, and is redeemed at face value when it matures. The lump sum payment at maturity increases the price volatility of the zero coupon bond in response to changes in interest rates when compared to a bond that distributes a semiannual coupon payment. In calculating its income, a Fund accrues the daily amortization of the original issue discount.
Investment Restrictions
Certain investment restrictions of the Funds have been adopted as fundamental policies of each Fund. A fundamental policy may not be changed without the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund, as the case may be. A majority of the outstanding voting securities under the 1940 Act, and as used in this SAI and the prospectus, means, the lesser of (1) 67% or more of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund, as the case may be, present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund, as the case may be, are present or represented by proxy or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund, as the case may be. The investment restrictions of one Fund may thus be changed without affecting those of any other Fund.
Each Fund:
(1)    may not borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable relief.
(2)    may not (except for the Extended Market Index Fund and the Nasdaq-100 Index Fund)  purchase the securities of any issuer (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities) if, as a result, more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of companies whose principal business activities are in the same industry. The Extended Market Index Fund and the Nasdaq-100 Index Fund each will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its underlying index concentrates in the stocks of a particular industry or group of industries.
(3)    may not issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act.
(4)    may not underwrite securities of other issuers, except to the extent that it may be deemed to act as a statutory underwriter in the distribution of any restricted securities or not readily marketable securities.
(5)    may make loans only as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, and any applicable exemptive relief.
(6)    may not purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments issued by persons that purchase or sell commodities or commodities contracts; but this shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing, selling, and entering into financial futures contracts (including futures contracts on indices of securities, interest rates, and currencies), options on financial futures contracts (including futures contracts on indices of securities, interest rates, and currencies), warrants, swaps, forward contracts, foreign currency spot and forward contracts, or other derivative instruments that are not related to physical commodities.
(7)    may not purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except that each Fund may invest in securities or other instruments backed by real estate or securities of companies that deal in real estate or are engaged in the real estate business.
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With respect to each Fund's concentration policies as described above, the Manager, where applicable, may determine an “industry” by using various recognized industry classification services including, but not limited to industry classifications established by S&P, Bloomberg L.P., and Frank Russell Company, with certain modifications. The Manager also may include additional industries as separate classifications, to the extent applicable. Because the Manager has determined that certain categories within, or in addition to, those set forth by S&P have unique investment characteristics, additional industries may be included as industry classifications. The Manager classifies municipal obligations by projects with similar characteristics, such as toll road revenue bonds, housing revenue bonds, or higher education revenue bonds. In addition, the Global Managed Volatility Fund may not concentrate investments in any one industry, up to, but not including 25% of the value of its total assets in one industry.
Additional Restriction
With respect to the Extended Market Index Fund, the 500 Index Fund, the Nasdaq-100 Index Fund, and the Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund each Fund has a policy regarding how 80% of its assets will be invested. The Extended Market Index Fund1 has an investment policy that requires it to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in securities or other financial instruments that are components of or have economic characteristics similar to the securities included in the Wilshire 4500 Completion Index. The 500 Index Fund has an investment policy that requires it to invest at least 80% of its assets in the common stocks of companies composing the Victory US Large Cap 500 Index. The Nasdaq-100 Index Fund has an investment policy that requires it to invest at least 80% of its assets in the common stocks of companies composing the Nasdaq-100 Index.2 The Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund has an investment policy that requires it to invest normally at least 80% of its assets in investment-grade debt securities that have a dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity of 18 months or less. To the extent required by SEC rules, each such policy may be changed only upon 60 days’ written notice to the applicable Fund's shareholders.
1 Wilshire®, the Wilshire IndexesSM and Wilshire 4500 Completion IndexSM are service marks of Wilshire Associates Incorporated (“Wilshire”) and have been licensed by Victory Capital for use by the Extended Market Index Fund. All content of the Wilshire IndexesSM and Wilshire 4500 Completion IndexSM is ©2019 Wilshire Associates Incorporated, all rights reserved. The Extended Market Index Fund is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Wilshire, and Wilshire makes no representations or warranties with respect to the Extended Market Index Fund.
2 Nasdaq-100®, and Nasdaq® are trade or service marks of The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. (which with its affiliates are the Corporations) and have been licensed for use by the Nasdaq-100 Index Fund (the “Product”). The Product is not sponsored, sold or promoted by the Corporations and the Corporations make no representation about the advisability of investing in them. THE CORPORATIONS MAKE NO WARRANTIES AND BEAR NO LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT.
VICTORY US LARGE CAP 500 INDEX
Index and Index Provider
The Victory US Large Cap 500 Index (the “Victory 500 Index”) is an unmanaged, market-cap weighted index that consists of the largest 500 securities within the Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index (“Parent Index”). The Parent Index measures the performance of all U.S. equity securities with readily available price data. The Victory 500 Index was created by Victory Capital  in conjunction with Wilshire, an unaffiliated third-party, and it is currently administered, calculated, and published by Wilshire. Wilshire calculates and disseminates the Victory 500 Index on a daily basis. A description of the USAA 500 Index Fund’s (the “500 Fund”) use of the Victory 500 Index is included in that Fund’s Prospectus under “Principal Investment Strategies,” and additional details about the Victory 500 Index are provided below.
The Victory 500 Index’s performance prior to the first publish date has been back-tested applying the same methodology based on fundamental criteria that was in effect when the Victory 500 Index was first published and is considered hypothetical. The Victory 500 Index is not sponsored by Wilshire or its affiliates.
Rebalancing
The Victory 500 Index is rebalanced semi-annually. In conjunction with rebalancing, the Victory 500 Index’s rules are applied to its universe of publicly traded securities in order to determine which securities are eligible for inclusion in the Victory 500 Index. New securities are added to the Victory 500 Index only on the rebalancing dates and only securities that comply with the Victory 500 Index’s methodology are eligible to be included in the Victory 500 Index. Securities that no longer meet eligibility for the Victory 500 Index upon rebalancing are omitted.
Maintenance
Wilshire maintains the Victory 500 Index throughout the year, which includes monitoring and adjustments for company additions and deletions, stock splits, corporate restructurings and other corporate actions. Corporate actions are generally implemented after the close of trading on the day prior to the ex-date of such corporate actions. A security also may be removed from the Victory 500 Index in between rebalancing if it no longer represents an investable asset due to legal constraints or other independent factors.
Warranty; Errors
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Neither Victory Capital nor the 500 Fund make any representation or warranty, express or implied, including without limitation to the 500 Fund’s shareholders or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the 500 Fund particularly or the ability of the Victory 500 Index to track general stock market performance. The 500 Fund does not pay a fee to Victory Capital for creating and providing the Victory 500 Index, but the Fund pays a fee to Wilshire for its services. Wilshire has no obligation to take the needs of the 500 Fund’s shareholders into consideration in determining, composing, or calculating the Victory 500 Index.
Neither Victory Capital nor the 500 Fund guarantees the accuracy, completeness, or performance of the Victory 500 Index or the data included therein and shall have no liability in connection with the Victory 500 Index or its calculation, including any errors or omissions in calculating the Victory 500 Index. Errors with respect to the quality, accuracy and completeness of the data within the Victory 500 Index may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected for a period of time, if at all. Any gains, losses or costs to the 500 Fund as a result of errors in the Index will be borne by the 500 Fund.
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage Commissions
Subject to the general supervision of the Board, the Manager is responsible for making decisions with respect to the purchase and sale of portfolio securities on behalf of the Funds. The Manager is also responsible for the implementation of those decisions, including the selection of broker/dealers to effect portfolio transactions, the negotiation of commissions, and the allocation of principal business and portfolio brokerage.
Transactions on stock exchanges involve the payment of brokerage commissions. In transactions on stock exchanges in the United States, these commissions are negotiated. Traditionally, commission rates have generally been fixed for trades on stock markets outside the United States. In recent years, however, an increasing number of overseas stock markets have adopted a system of negotiated rates. It is expected that equity securities will ordinarily be purchased in the primary markets, whether over-the-counter or listed, and that listed securities may be purchased in the over-the-counter market if such market is deemed the primary market. In the case of securities traded on the over-the-counter markets, there is generally no stated commission, but the price usually includes an undisclosed commission or markup. In underwritten offerings, the price includes a disclosed, fixed commission (the underwriter’s concession) or discount.
Fixed income and convertible securities are bought and sold through broker-dealers acting on a principal basis. Generally, these trades are not charged a commission, but rather are marked up or marked down by the executing broker-dealer. The Manager does not know the actual value of the markup/ markdown. However, the Manager attempts to ascertain whether the overall price of a security is reasonable through the use of competitive bids.
Subject to the consideration of obtaining best execution, the Manager may use brokerage commissions generated from client transactions to obtain services and/or research from broker-dealers to assist in the Manager’s investment management decision-making process. These services and research are in addition to and do not replace the services and research that the Manager is required to perform and do not reduce the investment advisory fees payable to the Manager by the Funds. Such information may be useful to the Manager in serving both the Funds and other clients and, conversely, such supplemental research information obtained by the placement of orders on behalf of other clients may be useful to the Manager in carrying out its obligations to the Funds.
Brokerage commissions may never be used to compensate a third party for client referrals unless the client has directed such an arrangement. In addition, brokerage commissions may never be used to obtain research and/or services for the sole benefit of any employee or non-client entity.
It is the policy of the Manager to obtain the “best execution” of its clients’ securities transactions. The Manager strives to execute each client’s securities transactions in such a manner that the client’s total costs or proceeds in each transaction are the most favorable under the circumstances. Commission rates paid on securities transactions for client accounts must reflect comparative market rates.
The Manager will consider the full range and quality of a broker’s services in placing brokerage including, but not limited to, the value of research provided, execution capability, commission rate, willingness and ability to commit capital, ownership and responsiveness. The lowest possible commission cost alone does not determine broker selection. The transaction that represents the best quality execution for a client account will be executed. Commission ranges and the actual commission paid for trades of listed stocks and over-the-counter stocks may vary depending on, but not limited to, the liquidity and volatility of the stock and services provided to the Manager by the broker.
The Manager will make a good faith determination that the commissions paid are reasonable in relationship to the value of the services received. The continuous review of stock commissions is the responsibility of the Head of Capital Markets and client trading, brokerage and soft-dollar oversight is performed by the Trade Oversight Committee. Quarterly, the Manager’s research analysts and portfolio managers will participate in a broker vote. The Manager’s Equity Trading Desk will utilize the vote results during the broker selection process. Some brokers executing trades for the Manager’s clients may, from time to time, receive liquidity rebates in connection with
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the routing of trades to Electronic Communications Networks. Since the Manager is not a broker, however, it is ineligible to receive such rebates and does not obtain direct benefits for its clients from this broker practice.
Investment decisions for each Fund are made independently from those made for the other Funds or any other investment company or account managed by the Manager. Such other investment companies or accounts may also invest in the same securities and may follow similar investment strategies as the Funds. The Manager may combine transaction orders (“bunching” or “blocking” trades) for more than one client account where such action appears to be equitable and potentially advantageous for each account (e.g., for the purpose of reducing brokerage commissions or obtaining a more favorable transaction price.)  The Manager will aggregate transaction orders only if it believes that the aggregation is consistent with its duty to seek best execution for its clients and is consistent with the terms of investment advisory agreements with each client for whom trades are being aggregated. Both equity and fixed-income securities may be aggregated. When making such a combination of transaction orders for a new issue or secondary market trade in an equity security, the Manager adheres to the following objectives: 
•    Fairness to clients both in the participation of execution of orders for their account, and in the allocation of orders for the accounts of more than one client.
•    Allocation of all orders in a timely and efficient manner.
In some rare cases, aggregating trades may affect the price paid or received by a Fund or the size of the position obtained by the Fund in an adverse manner relative to the result that would have been obtained if only that particular Fund had participated in or been allocated such trades.
The aggregation of transactions for advisory accounts and proprietary accounts (including partnerships and other accounts in which the Manager or its associated persons are partners or participants, and managed employee accounts) is permissible. No proprietary account may be favored over any other participating account and such practice must be consistent with the Manager’s policies and procedures including its Code of Ethics.
Equity trade orders are executed based only on trade instructions received from portfolio managers by the trading desk. Portfolio managers may enter trades to meet the full target allocation immediately or may meet the allocation through moves in incremental blocks. Orders are processed on a “first-come, first-served” basis. At times, a rotation system may determine “first-come, first-served” treatment when the equity trading desk receives the same order for multiple accounts simultaneously. The Manager will utilize a rotation whereby the Funds, even if aggregated with other orders, are in the first block(s) to trade within the rotation. To aggregate orders, the equity trading desk must determine that all accounts in the order will benefit. Any new trade that can be blocked with an existing open order may be added to the open order to form a larger block. The Manager receives no additional compensation or remuneration of any kind as a result of the aggregation of trades. All accounts participating in a block execution receive the same execution price, an average share price, for securities purchased or sold on a trading day. Execution prices may not be carried overnight. Any portion of an order that remains unfilled at the end of a given day shall be rewritten (absent contrary instructions) on the following day as a new order. Accounts with trades executed the next day will receive a new daily average price to be determined at the end of the following day.
If the order is filled in its entirety, securities purchased in the aggregate transaction will be allocated among accounts participating in the trade in accordance with an Allocation Statement prepared at the time of order entry. If the order is partially filled, the securities will be allocated pro rata based on the Allocation Statement. Portfolio managers may allocate executed trades in a different manner than indicated on the Allocation Statement (e.g., non-pro rata) only if all client accounts receive fair and equitable treatment.
In some instances, such as trading in fixed income securities, it may not be practical to complete the Allocation Statement prior to the placement of the order. In that case, the trading desk will complete the Allocation Statement as soon as practicable, but no later than the end of the same business day on which the securities have been allocated to the trading desk by the broker.
Where the full amount of a block execution is not executed, the partial amount actually executed will be allocated on a pro rata basis whenever possible. The following execution methods maybe used in place of a pro rata procedure:  relative size allocations, security position weighting, priority for specialized accounts, or a special allocation based on compliance approval.
In making investment decisions for the Funds, the Manager will not inquire or take into consideration whether an issuer of securities proposed for purchase or sale by a Fund is a customer of the Manager, its parents, subsidiaries or affiliates, and, in dealing with their commercial customers, the Manager, its parents, subsidiaries and affiliates will not inquire or take into consideration whether securities of such customers are held by the Funds. Portfolio securities will not be purchased from or sold to the Manager, or the Distributor, or any affiliated person of any of them acting as principal, except to the extent permitted by rule or order of the SEC.
As of the fiscal year ended December 31, the Extended Market Index Fund and the Nasdaq-100 Index Fund did not own securities of any of their regular broker-dealers or the parents of their regular broker-dealers. The 500 Index Fund, the Global Managed Volatility
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Fund, and the Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund owned securities of their following regular broker-dealers (the 10 largest broker-dealers through whom the Funds purchased securities) or the parents of their regular broker-dealers:
Regular Broker-Dealer Value of Securities
Bank of America  
500 Index Fund

$93,521,000
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund

$2,009,000
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc.  
500 Index Fund

$53,203,000
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund

$891,000
Goldman Sachs Group,Inc.  
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund

$1,007,000
JP Morgan Securities, Inc.  
500 Index Fund

$133,371,000
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund

$2,004,000
Morgan Stanley  
500 Index Fund

$20,626,000
Brokerage Commissions:
During the last three fiscal years ended December 31, the Funds paid the following in brokerage fees.
Fund 2019 2018 2017
Extended Market Index Fund

$205,509 $7,9551 $ -
500 Index Fund

$293,604 $22,662 $50,688
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund

$36,083 $13,631 $20,526
Global Managed Volatility Fund

$294,531 $106,242 $172,726
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund

$109 $ - $ -
1 Amount is for February 24, 2018 through December 31, 2018.
Prior to February 24, 2018, the Extended Market Index Fund operated as a feeder fund in a master-feeder structure and invested all its investable assets in the Master Extended Market Index Series (“Extended Market Portfolio”) of the Quantitative Master Series, LLC (“Master LLC”), which is a separate registered mutual fund advised by BlackRock Advisors, LLC (“BlackRock”).
Information about the brokerage commissions paid by the Extended Market Portfolio, including commissions paid to BlackRock, for the last three fiscal years ended December 31, is set forth in the following table.
2019 2018 2017
N/A $9781 $15,044
1 Amount is for January 1, 2018 through February 23, 2018.
During the last three fiscal years ended December 31, no Fund paid brokerage fees to any affiliated broker, except for the Extended Market Index Fund, as noted above.
The Manager directed a portion of the Funds' brokerage transactions to certain broker-dealers that provided the Manager with research, analysis, advice, and similar services. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, such brokerage transactions and related commissions and/or fixed-price public offering underwriting concessions amounted to the following:
Fund Transaction Amount Commissions/Underwriting Concessions
Global Managed Volatility Fund

$130,669,668.40 $5,738.49
Portfolio Turnover Rates
The rate of portfolio turnover of a Fund will not be a limiting factor when the Manager deems changes in the Fund’s portfolio appropriate in view of its investment objective. Ordinarily, a Fund will not purchase or sell securities solely to achieve short-term trading profits, although a Fund may sell portfolio securities without regard to the length of time held if consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. These activities may increase the portfolio turnover rate for the Fund, which may result in the Fund incurring higher brokerage costs and realizing more taxable gains (including net short-term capital gains, which will be taxed to the Fund’s Shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them) than would otherwise be the case in the absence of such activities.
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The portfolio turnover rate is computed by dividing the dollar amount of securities purchased or sold  (whichever is smaller) by the average value of securities owned during the year. Options transactions whose maturities or expiration dates at the time of acquisition were one year or less and short-term investments such as, but not limited to, commercial paper, short-term U.S. government securities, and variable rate demand notes (those securities with put date intervals of less than one year) are not considered when computing the portfolio turnover rate.
For the last two fiscal years ended December 31, the Funds’ portfolio turnover rates were as follows:
Fund 2019 2018
Extended Market Index Fund

24% 12%*
500 Index Fund

13% 4%
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund

9% 5%
Global Managed Volatility Fund

53% 35%
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund

59% 48%
* Reflects the period of February 24, 2018 to December 31, 2018, after the Fund converted to a stand-alone fund.
Fund History and Description of Shares
The Trust, formerly known as USAA State Tax-Free Trust, is an open-end management investment company established as a statutory trust under the laws of the state of Delaware pursuant to a Master Trust Agreement dated June 21, 1993, as amended. The Trust is authorized to issue shares of beneficial interest in separate portfolios. The Trust currently includes 47 portfolios, five of which are described in this SAI.
The Funds are classified as diversified, except the Nasdaq-100 Index Fund, which is classified as non-diversified. The Trust is permitted to offer additional funds or classes of shares. Each class of shares of a Fund is a separate share class of a Fund and is not a separate mutual fund. The 500 Index and Nasdaq-100 Index Funds formerly were series of USAA Mutual Fund, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and were reorganized into the Trust in August 2006. The 500 Index Fund (formerly the S&P 500 Index Fund) was established on February 9, 1996, and commenced public offering of its shares on May 2, 1996. The 500 Index Fund offers two classes of shares, one identified as the Member Class and one identified as the Reward Class. The Reward Class was established on February 20, 2002, and commenced public offering of its shares on May 1, 2002. The Nasdaq-100 Index Fund was established on July 19, 2000, and commenced public offering of its shares on October 30, 2000. The Nasdaq-100 Index Fund offers two share classes: Fund Shares and R6 Shares. The Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund offers three classes of shares: Fund Shares, Institutional Shares, and R6 Shares. The Ultra Short-Term Bond was established June 25, 2010, and commenced offering shares on October 18, 2010, and commenced offering Institutional Shares on July 12, 2013. Both Nasdaq-100 Index Fund and Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund commenced offering R6 Shares on March 1, 2017. The Global Managed Volatility Fund offers two classes of shares, identified as Fund Shares and Institutional Shares. The Global Managed Volatility Fund was established on February 27, 2008, and commenced offering Institutional Shares on July 31, 2008, and Fund Shares on July 12, 2013. The Extended Market Index Fund was established on July 19, 2000, and commenced public offering of its shares on October 30, 2000. It was reorganized into the Trust in August 2006. The Fund Shares currently are available for investment through an account with the Manager or certain other financial intermediaries the Fund may approve from time to time. The Institutional Shares currently are available for investment through a USAA managed account program, other persons or legal entities that the Fund may approve from time to time, or for purchase by a USAA Fund participating in a USAA fund-of-funds investment strategy. The R6 Shares generally are available through employer-sponsored retirement plans where a financial intermediary provides retirement recordkeeping services to plan participants. R6 Shares also are available to endowment funds and foundations and certain other eligible investors.
Each Fund’s assets and all income, earnings, profits, and proceeds thereof, subject only to the rights of creditors, are specifically allocated solely to such Fund. They constitute the underlying assets of such Fund, are required to be segregated on the books of account, and are to be charged with the expenses of such Fund. The assets of each Fund are charged with the liabilities and expenses attributable to such Fund, except that liabilities and expenses may be allocated to a particular class. Any general expenses of the Trust not readily identifiable as belonging to a particular Fund are allocated on the basis of the Funds' relative net assets during the fiscal year or in such other manner as the Trustees determine to be fair and equitable.
Shares of each class of a Fund represent an equal proportionate interest in that Fund with every other share of that class and are entitled to dividends and other distributions out of the net income and realized net capital gains belonging to that Fund when declared by the Board. They generally will have identical voting, dividend, liquidation, and other rights, preferences, powers, restrictions, limitations, qualifications and terms and conditions, except that: (a) each has a different designation; (b) each class of shares bears its “Class Expenses”; (c) each has exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to its arrangement; (d) each class has separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of any other class; (e) each class may have separate exchange privileges; and (f) each class may have different conversion
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features. Expenses currently designated as “Class Expenses” by the Board under the Multiple Class Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act include: legal, printing and postage expenses related to preparing and distributing materials such as shareholder reports, prospectuses, and proxies to current shareholders of a specific class; blue sky fees incurred by a specific class of shares; transfer agency expenses relating to a specific class of shares; expenses of administrative personnel and services required to support the shareholders of a specific class of shares; litigation expenses or other legal expenses relating to a specific class of shares; shareholder servicing expenses identified as being attributable to a specific class; and such other expenses actually incurred in a different amount by a class or related to a class’s receipt of services of a different kind or to a different degree than another class. In addition, each class of a Fund may pay a different advisory fee to the extent that any difference in amount paid is the result of the application of the same performance fee provisions in the advisory contract with respect to the Fund to the different investment performance of each class of the Fund. Upon liquidation of a Fund, shareholders are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets belonging to such Fund available for distribution. However, due to the differing expenses of the classes, dividends and liquidation proceeds on the different classes of shares will differ.
Under the Trust’s Master Trust Agreement, no annual or regular meeting of shareholders is required. Thus, there ordinarily will be no shareholder meeting unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act. Under certain circumstances, however, shareholders may apply to the Trustees for shareholder information in order to obtain signatures to request a shareholder meeting. The Trust may fill vacancies on the Board or appoint new Trustees if the result is that at least two-thirds of the Trustees have been elected by shareholders. Moreover, pursuant to the Master Trust Agreement, any Trustee may be removed by the vote of two-thirds of the outstanding Trust shares, and holders of 10% or more of the outstanding shares of the Trust can require Trustees to call a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of voting on the removal of one or more Trustees. The Trust will assist in communicating to other shareholders about the meeting. On any matter submitted to the shareholders, the holder of any share class of the Fund is entitled to one vote per share (with proportionate voting for fractional shares) regardless of the relative NAVs of the Fund’s share classes. However, on matters affecting an individual Fund, a separate vote of the shareholders of that Fund is required. Shareholders of a Fund are not entitled to vote on any matter that does not affect that Fund but which requires a separate vote of another Fund.
Shares do not have cumulative voting rights, which means that holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees can elect 100% of the Trust’s Board, and the holders of less than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees will not be able to elect any person as a Trustee.
Shareholders of a particular Fund might have the power to elect all of the Trustees if that Fund has a majority of the assets of the Trust. When issued, each Fund’s shares are fully paid and nonassessable, have no pre-emptive or subscription rights, and are fully transferable. The Fund's conversion rights are as follows:
Converting from Institutional Shares to Fund Shares: If you no longer meet the eligibility requirements to invest in Institutional Shares of a Fund (e.g., you terminate participation in a USAA discretionary managed account program), we may convert your Institutional Shares of the Fund to Fund Shares. The Fund will notify you before any such conversion to Fund Shares occurs.
Pricing: When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class of a Fund for shares of another class of the same Fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in a Fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs per share of the two share classes. A conversion between share classes of the same Fund is a non-taxable event.
Conversions are not subject to the Funds' restrictions on short-term trading activity discussed under the section titled Funds' Right to Reject Purchase and Exchange Orders and Limit Trading in Accounts in this SAI.
Tax Considerations
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) makes significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules for taxation of individuals and corporations. Many of the changes applicable to individuals are not permanent and only apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2026. The Tax Act makes changes to the tax rules affecting shareholders and the Funds, including various investments that each Fund may make. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors for more detailed information.
Taxation of the Funds
Each Fund, which is treated as a separate corporation for federal tax purposes, intends to continue to qualify each taxable year for treatment as a “regulated investment company” (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). If a Fund so qualifies it will not be liable for federal income tax on its net investment income and net capital gains (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) that it distributes to its shareholders.
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To continue to qualify for treatment as a RIC, a Fund must, among other things, (1) derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from (a) dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, and or other income (including gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in stock, securities, or such currencies, and (b) net income from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (i.e., a publicly traded partnership that is treated as a partnership for federal tax purposes and derives less than 90% of its gross income from the items described in clause (a)) income requirement; (2)  distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (generally consisting of net investment income, the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss, and net gains and losses from certain foreign currency transactions) for the taxable year (“distribution requirement”); and (3) satisfy certain diversification requirements at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year (“diversification requirement”).
If a Fund failed to qualify for RIC treatment for any taxable year either (1) by failing to satisfy the distribution requirement, even if it satisfied the income requirements and diversification requirements (collectively, “Other Qualification Requirements”), or (2) by failing to satisfy any of the Other Qualification Requirements and was unable to, or determined not to, avail itself of Code provisions that enable a RIC to cure a failure to satisfy any of the Other Qualification Requirements as long as the failure “is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect” and the RIC pays a deductible tax calculated in accordance with those provisions and meets certain other requirements, then for federal income tax purposes it would be taxed as an ordinary corporation on the full amount of its taxable income for that year without being able to deduct the distributions it makes to its shareholders. In addition, for those purposes all those distributions, including distributions of net capital gain, would be taxable to its shareholders as dividends to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits. For individual and certain other non-corporate shareholders (each, an “individual shareholder”), those dividends would be taxable as “qualified dividend income” (as described in each Fund’s prospectus) (QDI) and thus subject to federal income tax at the lower rates for net capital gain. In the case of corporate shareholders that meet certain holding period and other requirements regarding their shares of the Fund, all or part of those dividends would be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. Furthermore, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before requalifying for RIC treatment.
The Code imposes a nondeductible 4% excise tax (“Excise Tax”) on a RIC that fails to distribute during a calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of its ordinary (taxable) income for the year, (2) 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the 12-month period ending on October 31 of that year, plus (3) any prior undistributed taxable income and gains. Each Fund intends to continue to make distributions necessary to avoid imposition of the Excise Tax. However, a Fund may in certain circumstances be required to liquidate portfolio investments to make those distributions, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss.
The use of hedging strategies, such as writing (selling) and purchasing options and futures contracts and entering into forward currency contracts, involves complex rules that will determine for federal income tax purposes the amount, character, and timing of recognition of the gains and losses a Fund realizes in connection therewith. Gain from the disposition of foreign currencies (except certain gains that may be excluded by future regulations), and gains from options, futures contracts, and forward currency contracts a Fund derives with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign currencies, will be treated as “qualifying income” under the income requirements. The tax treatment of swap agreements and other derivative instruments, such as commodity-linked derivative instruments, including commodity index-linked notes, commodity options, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts, may be affected by future regulatory or legislative changes that could affect whether income (earned directly or indirectly) from such investments is such “qualifying income.”
Some futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and “nonequity” options (i.e., certain listed options, such as those on a “broad-based” securities index) but not including any “securities futures contract” that is not a “dealer securities futures contract” (both as defined in the Code) and any interest rate swap, currency swap, basis swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor, commodity swap, equity swap, equity index swap, credit default swap, or similar agreement in which a Fund invests may be subject to section 1256 of the Code (collectively, “section 1256 contracts”). Any section 1256 contracts a Fund holds at the end of its taxable year generally must be “marked-to-market” (that is, treated as having been sold at that time for their fair market value) for federal income tax purposes, with the result that unrealized gains or losses will be treated as though they were realized. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these deemed sales, and 60% of any net realized gain or loss from any actual sales of section 1256 contracts, will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. These rules may operate to increase the amount that a Fund must distribute to satisfy the distribution requirement (i.e., with respect to the portion treated as short-term capital gain), which will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them, and to increase the net capital gain a Fund recognizes, without in either case increasing the cash available to it.
Section 988 of the Code also may apply to forward currency contracts and options and futures contracts on foreign currencies. Under that section, each foreign currency gain or loss generally is computed separately and treated as ordinary income or loss. These gains or losses will increase or decrease the amount of a Fund’s investment company taxable income to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income, rather than affecting the amount of its net capital gain. In the case of overlap between sections 1256 and 988, special provisions determine the character and timing of any income, gain, or loss.
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Section 1092 of the Code (dealing with straddles) also may affect the taxation of certain options, futures contracts, and forward currency contracts in which a Fund may invest. That section defines a “straddle” as offsetting positions with respect to actively traded personal property; for these purposes, options, futures contracts, and forward currency contracts are positions in personal property. Under that section, any loss from the disposition of a position in a straddle generally may be deducted only to the extent the loss exceeds the unrealized gain on the offsetting position(s) of the straddle. In addition, these rules may postpone the recognition of loss that otherwise would be recognized under the mark-to-market rules discussed above. The regulations under section 1092 also provide certain “wash sale” rules, which apply to transactions where a position is sold at a loss and a new offsetting position is acquired within a prescribed period, and “short sale” rules applicable to straddles. If a Fund makes certain elections, the amount, character, and timing of recognition of gains and losses from the affected straddle positions would be determined under rules that vary according to the elections made. Because only a few of the regulations implementing the straddle rules have been promulgated, the tax consequences to a Fund of straddle transactions are not entirely clear.
Each Fund will monitor its transactions, make appropriate tax elections, and make appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any option, futures contract, forward currency contract, foreign currency, or hedged investment to mitigate the effect of the foregoing rules, prevent its disqualification as a RIC, and minimize the imposition of federal income tax and the Excise Tax.
Certain Funds may invest in the stock of “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”). A PFIC is any foreign corporation (with certain exceptions) that, in general, meets either of the following tests for a taxable year: (1) at least 75% of its gross income is passive or (2) an average of at least 50% of its assets produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. Under certain circumstances, a Fund will be subject to federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” it receives on the stock of a PFIC and of any gain on its disposition of that stock (collectively, PFIC income), plus interest thereon, even if the Fund distributes the PFIC income as a dividend to its shareholders. The balance of the PFIC income will be included in the Fund’s investment company taxable income and, accordingly, will not be taxable to it to the extent it distributes that income to its shareholders. Fund distributions thereof will not be eligible for the reduced maximum federal income tax rates on individual shareholders’ QDI.
If a Fund invests in a PFIC and elects to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (“QEF”), then in lieu of the foregoing tax and interest obligation, the Fund would be required to include in income each taxable year its pro rata share of the QEF’s annual ordinary earnings and net capital gain which the Fund likely would have to distribute to satisfy the distribution requirement and avoid imposition of the Excise Tax even if the QEF did not distribute those earnings and gain to the Fund. In most instances it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to make this election because some of the information required to make this election may not be easily obtainable.
Each Fund may elect to “mark to market” its stock in certain PFICs it owns at the end of its taxable year, in which event it would be required to distribute to its shareholders any resulting gains in accordance with the distribution requirement. “Marking-to-market,” in this context, means including in gross income each taxable year (and treating as ordinary income) the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the stock over a Fund’s adjusted basis therein (including mark-to-market gain for each prior taxable year for which an election was in effect) as of the end of that year. Pursuant to the election, a Fund also would be allowed to deduct (as an ordinary, not a capital, loss) the excess, if any, of its adjusted basis in PFIC stock over the fair market value thereof as of the taxable year-end, but only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains with respect to that stock the Fund included in income for prior taxable years under the election. A Fund’s adjusted basis in each PFIC’s stock subject to the election would be adjusted to reflect the amounts of income included and deductions taken thereunder.
Investors should note that a Fund’s determination whether a foreign corporation is a PFIC is a fact-intensive determination that is based on various facts and circumstances and thus is subject to change, and the principles and methodology used in determining whether a foreign corporation is a PFIC are subject to interpretation. It is possible that a Fund could invest in a foreign corporation that becomes, or is determined to be, a PFIC after the Fund invests therein. It is anticipated that any federal income tax imposed on a Fund with respect to investments in PFICs would be insignificant.
Each Fund may invest in ownership units (i.e., limited partnership interests) in MLPs, which generally are classified as partnerships for federal tax purposes. Most MLPs in which a Fund may invest are expected to be QPTPs, all the net income from which (regardless of source) would be qualifying income to an investing Fund under the income requirement. If a Fund invests in an MLP, or an ETF organized as a partnership, that is not a QPTP, including a company principally engaged in the real estate industry that is classified for federal tax purposes as a partnership (and not as a corporation or REIT), the net income the Fund earns therefore would be treated as qualifying income under the income requirement only to the extent it would be qualifying income if realized directly by the Fund in the same manner as realized by the MLP, ETF, or company.
For federal income tax purposes, debt securities purchased by a Fund, including zero coupon bonds, may be treated as having original issue discount (“OID”) (generally, the excess of the stated redemption price at maturity of a debt obligation over its issue price). OID is treated for those purposes as earned by a Fund as it accrues, whether or not any payment is actually received, and therefore is subject to the distribution requirement. Generally, the accrual of OID is determined on the basis of a constant yield to maturity, which takes into account the compounding of accrued interest. Because each Fund annually must distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income (determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid), including any accrued OID, to satisfy the
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distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the Excise Tax, the Fund may be required in a particular taxable year to distribute as a dividend an amount that is greater than the total amount of cash it actually receives. Those distributions will be made from a Fund’s cash assets or from the proceeds of sales of its portfolio securities, if necessary. A Fund may realize capital gains or losses from those sales, which would increase or decrease its investment company taxable income and/or net capital gain.
If a Fund purchases a debt security on a secondary market at a price lower than its stated redemption price, the difference is “market discount.” Generally, any gain realized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on the debt security. Market discount generally accrues in equal daily installments.
A Fund also may purchase debt securities at a premium (i.e., at a purchase price in excess of face amount). The premium may be amortized if a Fund so elects. The amortized premium is first offset against interest received on the securities and then allowed as a deduction and generally must be amortized under an economic accrual method. The amortized bond premium on a security will reduce a Fund’s adjusted tax basis in the security.
Income from direct investments in commodities and certain types of derivative contracts regarding commodities, such as certain swaps on commodity indices, is not “qualifying income” for purposes of the income requirement. Although the IRS had issued a large number of private letter rulings (“PLRs”) (which the Funds may not cite as precedent) beginning in 2006 stating that income a RIC derives from certain “structured notes that create a commodity exposure” (i.e., commodity-linked notes) constitutes qualifying income, the IRS (1) suspended the issuance of those rulings in July 2011 and (2) in September 2016 issued guidance providing that it will not “ordinarily” issue PLRs on any issue relating to the treatment of a corporation as a RIC that requires a determination of whether a financial instrument or position is a “security.” As a result, the IRS is revoking outstanding PLRs regarding commodity-linked notes, and it is highly unlikely that future PLRs addressing the status of those notes will be issued, if at all.  Accordingly, if a Fund invests in those notes to an extent that might threaten its ability to satisfy the income requirement, the Fund may be unable to qualify as a RIC for one or more taxable years.
Taxation of the Shareholders
Distributions generally are included in a shareholder’s gross income for the taxable year in which they are received. However, distributions a Fund declares in October, November, or December that are payable to shareholders of record in such a month are deemed to have been received on December 31, if the Fund pays the distributions during the following January.
Any gain or loss a shareholder realizes on the redemption or exchange of shares of a Fund, or on receipt of a distribution in complete liquidation of a Fund, generally will be a capital gain or loss, which will be long-term or short-term, depending upon the shareholder’s holding period for the shares. Any such gain an individual shareholder recognizes on a redemption or exchange of Fund shares that he or she has held for more than one year will qualify for the 15% or 20% maximum federal income tax rates mentioned in each Fund’s prospectus. Any loss realized on a redemption or exchange of shares will be disallowed to the extent the shares are replaced (including shares acquired pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan) within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after disposition of the shares; in such a case, the basis in the acquired shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss a shareholder realizes on a disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions of net capital gain the shareholder received with respect to such shares.
If a Fund's distributions in a taxable year exceed its current and accumulated earnings and profits, the excess distributed to each shareholder will be treated as a “return of capital” to the extent of the shareholder’s basis in its shares and thereafter as capital gain—a Fund's capital loss carryovers, if any, carried from taxable years beginning before 2011 do not reduce current earnings and profits, even if such carryovers offset current taxable year realized gains. A return of capital distribution is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder's basis in its shares and thus results in a higher capital gain or lower capital loss when the shares are redeemed. Distributions in excess of a Fund's distribution requirement, but not in excess of its earnings and profits, will be taxable to its shareholders and will not constitute non-taxable returns of capital.
If a Fund engages in securities lending, the borrower generally will be obligated to pay the Fund an amount equal to (“in lieu of”) any dividend paid on the loaned securities during the loan term. Even if the dividend otherwise would be QDI, distributions to the Fund's shareholders of such “in lieu of” payments will not be treated as such and instead will be taxed at the shareholders’ marginal federal income tax rates.
In addition to the requirement to report the gross proceeds from redemptions of Fund shares, each Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS the basis information for Fund shares purchased after December 31, 2011, (Covered Shares) that are redeemed or exchanged and indicate whether they had a short-term (one year or less) or long-term (more than one year) holding period. In addition, each Fund will indicate whether the lot has been adjusted for a wash sale. The requirement to report only the gross proceeds from a redemption or exchange of Fund shares will continue to apply to all non-Covered Shares.
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Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), “foreign financial institutions” (“FFIs”) and “non-financial foreign entities” (“NFFEs”) that are shareholders of a Fund may be subject to a generally nonrefundable 30% withholding tax on income dividends the Fund pays. As discussed more fully below, the FATCA withholding tax generally can be avoided (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain information regarding direct and indirect ownership of financial accounts U.S. persons hold with the FFI, and (b) by an NFFE that certifies its status as such and, in certain circumstances, information regarding substantial U.S. owners.
An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding by becoming a “participating FFI,” which requires the FFI to enter into a tax compliance agreement with the IRS under the Code. Under such an agreement, a participating FFI agrees to (1) verify and document whether it has U.S. accountholders, (2) report certain information regarding their accounts to the IRS, and (3) meet certain other specified requirements. The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements (“IGAs”) with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with other foreign countries with respect to one or more alternative approaches to implement FATCA. An entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of the IGA instead of U.S. Treasury regulations.
An FFI resident in a country that has entered into a Model I IGA with the United States must report to that country’s government (pursuant to the terms of the applicable IGA and applicable law), which will, in turn, report to the IRS. An FFI resident in a Model II IGA country generally must comply with U.S. regulatory requirements, with certain exceptions, including the treatment of recalcitrant accountholders. An FFI resident in one of those countries that complies with whichever of the foregoing applies will be exempt from FATCA withholding.
An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from a Fund can avoid FATCA withholding generally by certifying its status as such and, in certain circumstances, either that (1) it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or (2) it does have one or more such owners and reports the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each such owner. The NFFE will report to the Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which will, in turn, report information to the IRS.
Those foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted, or deemed compliant categories established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in a Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA to avoid FATCA withholding. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the tax certification rules to avoid backup withholding described in the Funds’ prospectuses. Foreign investors are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the application of these requirements to their own situation and the impact thereof on their investment in a Fund.
Effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2026, the Code generally allows individuals and certain non-corporate entities a deduction for 20% of (1) “qualified REIT dividends” and (2) “QPTP income.” Recently-issued proposed regulations allow a Fund to pass the character of its qualified REIT dividends through to its shareholders provided certain holding period requirements are met. The Treasury Department has also announced that it is considering adopting regulations that would provide a similar pass-through of QPTP income, but that pass-through is not currently available. As a result, an investor who invests directly in QPTPs will be able to receive the benefit of the 20% deduction, which a shareholder in a Fund that invests in QPTPs currently will not.
*        *        *        *        *
The foregoing discussion of certain federal tax considerations affecting each Fund and its shareholders is only a summary and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Purchasers of Fund shares should consult their own tax advisers as to the tax consequences of investing in shares, including under federal, state, local and other tax laws. Finally, the foregoing discussion is based on current applicable provisions of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial authority, and administrative interpretations published by the date hereof; changes in any applicable authority could materially affect the conclusions discussed above, possibly retroactively, and such changes often occur.
Trustees and Officers of the Trust
The Board consists of 10 Trustees who supervise the business affairs of the Trust. The Board is responsible for the general oversight of the Funds' business and for assuring that the Funds are managed in the best interests of each Fund's respective shareholders. The Board periodically reviews the Funds' investment performance as well as the quality of other services provided to the Funds and their shareholders by each of the Funds' service providers, including Victory Capital and its affiliates.
Board Leadership Structure
The Board is comprised of a super-majority (80% or more) of Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Funds (the “Independent Trustees”) and two Trustees who are “interested persons” of the Funds (the “Interested Trustees.”) Mr. Dan McNamara, the Chairman of the Board, is deemed an “interested person” due to his previous position as Director of AMCO, the former investment adviser of the Funds. Mr. Brown is deemed an “interested person” due to his position as Chief Executive Officer
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of Victory Capital, investment adviser to the Funds. In addition, Mr. Boyce, the Vice Chairman of the Board, also has been designated a Lead Independent Trustee. The Chairman presides at meetings of the Trustees and may call meetings of the Board and any Board committee whenever he deems it necessary. The Chairman participates in the preparation of the agenda for meetings of the Board and the identification of information to be presented to the Board with respect to matters to be acted upon by the Board. The Chairman also acts as a liaison with the Funds' management, officers, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board from time to time. Except for any duties specified in this SAI or pursuant to the Trust’s Master Trust Agreement or By-laws, or as assigned by the Board, the designation of a Trustee as Chairman does not impose on that Trustee any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on any other Trustee, generally. The Vice Chairman and Lead Independent Trustee may call meetings of the Board and any Board committee whenever he deems it necessary and presides at meetings of the Trustees in the absence of the Chairman. The Vice Chairman and Lead Independent Trustee participates in the preparation of the agenda for meetings of the Board and the identification of information to be presented to the Board with respect to matters to be acted upon by the Board. In addition, the Vice Chairman and Lead Independent Trustee will coordinate activities performed by the Independent Trustees as a group and will serve as the main liaison between the Independent Trustees and the Funds' management and officers between meetings. The Vice Chairman and Lead Independent Trustee may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board from time to time. The Board has designated a number of standing committees as further described below, each of which has a Chairman. The Board also may designate working groups or ad hoc committees as it deems appropriate.
The Board believes that this leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise informed and independent judgment over matters under its purview, and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees or working groups of Trustees and the full Board in a manner that enhances effective oversight. The Board considers leadership by an Independent Trustee as Vice Chairman to be integral to promoting effective independent oversight of the Funds' operations and meaningful representation of the shareholders’ interests, given the number of funds offered by the Trust and the amount of assets that these funds represent. The Board also believes that having a super-majority of Independent Trustees is appropriate and in the best interest of the Funds' shareholders. Nevertheless, the Board also believes that having interested persons serve on the Board brings corporate and financial viewpoints that are, in the Board’s view, important elements in its decision-making process. In addition, the Board believes that the Interested Trustees provide the Board with the Manager’s perspective in managing and sponsoring the Funds. The leadership structure of the Board may be changed, at any time and in the discretion of the Board, including in response to changes in circumstances or the characteristics of the Trust.
Board Oversight of Risk Management
As series of a registered investment company, the Funds are subject to a variety of risks, including investment risks (such as, among others, market risk, credit risk, and interest rate risk), financial risks (such as, among others, settlement risk, liquidity risk, and valuation risk), compliance risks, and operational risks. The Trustees play an active role, as a full board and at the committee level, in overseeing risk management for the Funds. The Trustees delegate the day-to-day risk management of the Funds to various groups, including but not limited to, portfolio management, risk management, compliance, legal, fund accounting, and various committees discussed herein. These groups provide the Trustees with regular reports regarding investment, valuation, liquidity, and compliance, as well as the risks associated with each. The Trustees also oversee risk management for the Funds through regular interactions with the Funds' external auditors and periodic presentations from the Manager.
The Board also participates in the Funds' risk oversight, in part, through the Funds' compliance program, which covers the following broad areas of compliance: portfolio management, trading practices, code of ethics, and protection of non-public information, accuracy of disclosures, safeguarding of fund assets, recordkeeping, marketing, fees, privacy, anti-money laundering, business continuity, valuation and pricing of funds shares, processing of fund shares, affiliated transactions, fund governance, and market timing. The Board also receives periodic updates regarding cybersecurity matters. The program seeks to identify and assess risk through various methods, including through regular interdisciplinary communications between compliance professionals, operational risk management, and business personnel who participate on a daily basis in risk management on behalf of the Funds. The Funds' chief compliance officer provides an annual compliance report and other compliance related briefings to the Board in writing and in person.
Victory Capital seeks to identify for the Board the risks that it believes may affect the Funds and develop processes and controls regarding such risks. However, risk management is a complex and dynamic undertaking and it is not always possible to comprehensively identify and/or mitigate all such risks at all times since risks are at times impacted by external events. In discharging its oversight responsibilities, the Board considers risk management issues throughout the year with the assistance of its various committees as described below. Each committee presents reports to the Board after its meeting, which may prompt further discussion of issues concerning the oversight of the Funds' risk management. The Board as a whole also reviews written reports or presentations on a variety of risk issues as needed and may discuss particular risks that are not addressed in the committee process.
Among other committees, the Board has established an Audit and Compliance Committee, which is composed solely of Independent Trustees and oversees management of financial risks and controls. The Audit and Compliance Committee serves as the channel of
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communication between the independent auditors of the Funds and the Board with respect to financial statements and financial reporting processes, systems of internal control, and the audit process. Although the Audit and Compliance Committee is responsible for overseeing the management of financial risks, the Board is regularly informed of these risks through committee reports.
Trustee Qualifications
The Board believes that all the Trustees bring to the Board a wealth of executive leadership experience derived from their service as executives, board members, and leaders of diverse companies, academic institutions, and community and other organizations. The Board also believes that the different perspectives, viewpoints, professional experience, education, and individual qualities of each Trustee represent a diversity of experiences and a variety of complementary skills. In determining whether an individual is qualified to serve as a Trustee of the Funds, the Board considers a wide variety of information about the Trustee, and multiple factors contribute to the Board's decision. However, there are no specific required qualifications for Board membership. Each Trustee is determined to have the experience, skills, and attributes necessary to serve the Funds and their shareholders because each Trustee demonstrates an exceptional ability to consider complex business and financial matters, evaluate the relative importance and priority of issues, make decisions, and contribute effectively to the deliberations of the Board. The Board also considers the individual experience of each Trustee and determines that the Trustee’s professional experience, education, and background contribute to the diversity of perspectives on the Board. The business experience and objective thinking of the Trustees are considered invaluable assets for Victory Capital and, ultimately, the Funds' shareholders.
Set forth below are the Independent Trustees and the Interested Trustees, and each of their respective offices and principal occupations during the last five years, length of time served, information relating to any other directorships held, and the specific roles and experience of each Board member that factor into the determination that the Trustee should serve on the Board. The mailing address of the Trustees is 15935 La Cantera Parkway, Building Two, San Antonio, TX 78256.
Name and Date of Birth Position(s) Held with Funds Term of Office* and Length of Time Served Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past Five Years
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee Other Directorships Held During the Past Five Years
Independent Trustees  
Jefferson C. Boyce (September 1957) Lead Independent Trustee and Vice Chairman Trustee since September 2013, Lead Independent Trustee and Vice Chairman since July 2019 Senior Managing Director, New York Life Investments, LLC (1992-2012), an investment manager. Mr. Boyce brings to the Board experience in financial investment management, and, in particular, institutional and retail mutual funds, variable annuity products, broker dealers, and retirement programs, including experience in organizational development, marketing, product development, and money management as well as over six years’ experience as a Board member of the USAA family of funds. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds Westhab, Inc., New York Theological Seminary
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Name and Date of Birth Position(s) Held with Funds Term of Office* and Length of Time Served Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past Five Years
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee Other Directorships Held During the Past Five Years
Robert L. Mason, Ph.D.
(July 1946)
Trustee Trustee since January 1997 and Chairman from January 2012 to July 2019 Adjunct Professor in the Department of Management Science and Statistics in the College of Business at the University of Texas at San Antonio (2001-present); Institute Analyst, Southwest Research Institute (03/02-01/16), which focuses on providing innovative technology, science, and engineering services to clients around the world and is one of the oldest independent, nonprofit, applied research and development organizations in the United States. He was employed at Southwest Research Institute for 40 years. Dr. Mason brings to the Board particular experience with information technology matters, statistical analysis, and human resources as well as over 23 years’ experience as a Board member of the USAA family of funds. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds None
Dawn M. Hawley
(February 1954)
Trustee Trustee since April 2014 Manager of Finance, Menil Foundation, Inc. (05/07-06/11), which is a private foundation that oversees the assemblage of sculptures, prints, drawings, photographs, and rare books. Director of Financial Planning and Analysis and Chief Financial Officer, AIM Management Group, Inc. (10/87-01/06). Ms. Hawley brings to the Board experience in financial investment management and, in particular, institutional and retail mutual funds, variable annuity products, broker dealers, and retirement programs, including experience in financial planning, budgeting, accounting practices, and asset/liability management functions including major acquisitions and mergers, as well as over six years’ experience as a Board member of the USAA family of funds. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds None
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Name and Date of Birth Position(s) Held with Funds Term of Office* and Length of Time Served Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past Five Years
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee Other Directorships Held During the Past Five Years
Paul L. McNamara
(July 1948)
Trustee Trustee since January 2012 Director, Cantor Opportunistic Alternatives Fund, LLC (03/10-02/14), which is a closed-end fund of funds by Cantor Fitzgerald Investment Advisors, LLC. Mr. McNamara retired from Lord Abbett & Co. LLC, an independent U.S. investment management firm, as an Executive Member on 09/30/09, a position he held since 10/02. He had been employed at Lord Abbett since 1996. Mr. McNamara brings to the Board extensive experience with the financial services industry and, in particular, institutional and retail mutual fund markets, including experience with mutual fund marketing, distribution, and risk management, as well as overall experience with compliance and corporate governance issues. Mr. McNamara also has experience serving as a fund director as well as over eight years’ experience as a Board member of the USAA family of funds. Paul L. McNamara is of no relation to Daniel S. McNamara. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds None
Richard Y. Newton, III (January 1956) Trustee Trustee since March 2017 Director, Elta North America (01/18-present), which is a global leader in the design, manufacture, and support of innovative electronic systems in the ground, maritime, airborne, and security domains for the nation’s warfighters, security personnel, and first responders; Managing Partner, Pioneer Partnership Development Group (12/15-present); Executive Director, The Union League Club of New York (06/14-11/15); Executive Vice President, Air Force Association (08/12-05/14); Lieutenant General, United States Air Force (01/08-06/12). Lieutenant General Newton (Ret.) served 34 years of active duty in the United States Air Force. Lt. Gen. Newton retired as the Assistant Vice Chief of Staff and Director of Air Staff at the Headquarters of the U.S. Air Force where he was responsible for overseeing the administration and organization of the Air Staff, which develops policies, plans and programs, establishes requirements, and provides resources to support the Air Force’s mission. Lt. Gen. Newton is a graduate of the United States Air Force Academy, Webster University, and The National War College. Lt. Gen. Newton brings to the Board extensive management and military experience, as well as over three years’ experience as a Board member of the USAA family of funds. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds PredaSAR Corp.
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Name and Date of Birth Position(s) Held with Funds Term of Office* and Length of Time Served Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past Five Years
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee Other Directorships Held During the Past Five Years
Barbara B. Ostdiek, Ph.D.
(March 1964)
Trustee Trustee since January 2008
Senior Associate Dean of Degree programs at Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business at Rice University (07/13-present); Associate Professor of Finance at Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business at Rice University (07/01-present); Academic Director, El Paso Corporation Finance Center at Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business at Rice University (07/02-06/12). Dr. Ostdiek brings to the Board particular experience with financial investment management, education, and research as well as over 12 years’ experience as a Board member of the USAA family of funds. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds None
Michael F. Reimherr
(August 1945)
Trustee Trustee since January 2000
President of Reimherr Business Consulting performing business valuations of medium to large companies, developing business plans, budgets, internal financial reporting, and mergers and acquisitions (05/95-12/17); St. Mary's University Investment Committee overseeing University Endowment (06/14-present). Mr. Reimherr brings to the Board particular experience with organizational development, budgeting, finance, and capital markets as well as over 20 years’ experience as a Board member of the USAA family of funds. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds None
John C. Walters
(February 1962)
Trustee Trustee since July 2019 Retired. Mr. Walters brings significant Board experience including active involvement with the board of a Fortune 500 company, and a proven record of leading large, complex financial organizations. He has a demonstrated record of success in distribution, manufacturing, investment brokerage, and investment management in both the retail and institutional investment businesses. He has substantial experience in the investment management business with a demonstrated ability to develop and drive strategy while managing operational, financial, and investment risk. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds Guardian Variable Products Trust (16 series), Lead Independent Director; Amerilife Holdings LLC, Director; Stadion Money Management; Director; University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill), Member Board of Governors.
* Under the Trust’s organizational documents, each Trustee serves as a Trustee of the Trust during the lifetime of the Trust and until its termination except as such Trustee sooner dies, resigns, retires, or is removed. However, pursuant to a policy adopted by the Board, each elected or appointed Independent Trustee may serve as a Trustee until the Trustee reaches age 75, and the Interested Trustees may serve as a Trustee until the Trustee reaches age 75. The Board may change or grant exceptions from this policy at any time without shareholder approval. A Trustee may resign, or may be removed by a written instrument signed by two-thirds of the number of Trustees before the removal, or may be removed by a vote of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust, at any time. Vacancies on the Board can be filled by the action of a majority of the Trustees, provided that after filling such vacancy at least two-thirds of the Trustees have been elected by the shareholders.
Trustees and officers of the Trust who are employees of the Manager or affiliated companies are considered “interested persons” under the 1940 Act.
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Name and Date of Birth Position(s) Held with Fund Term of Office and Length of Time Served Principal Occupation(s) Held
During the Past Five Years
Total Number of USAA Funds Overseen by Officer Other Directorships Held During the Past Five Years
Interested Trustees
Daniel S. McNamara
(June 1966)
Trustee and Chairman Trustee since January 2012 and Chairman since July 2019 Trustee, President, and Vice Chairman of USAA ETF Trust (6/17-6/19); President of Financial Advice & Solutions Group (FASG), USAA (02/13-present); Director of USAA Asset Management Company (AMCO), (08/11-06/19); Director of USAA Investment Management Company (IMCO) (09/09-present); Chairman of Board of IMCO (4/13-present); President and Director of USAA Shareholder Account Services (SAS) (10/09-06/19); Senior Vice President of USAA Financial Planning Services Insurance Agency, Inc. (FPS) (04/11-present); Director and Vice Chairman of FPS (12/13-present); President and Director of USAA Investment Corporation (ICORP) (03/10-present); Chairman of Board of ICORP (12/13-present); Director of USAA Financial Advisors, Inc. (FAI) (12/13-present); Chairman of Board of FAI (3/15-present). Mr. McNamara brings to the Board extensive experience in the financial services industry, including experience as an officer of the Trust. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds None
David C. Brown
(May 1972)
Trustee Trustee since July 2019 Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (2013- present), Co-Chief Executive Officer, (2011- 2013), Victory Capital Management Inc.; Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (2013- present), Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. Mr. Brown brings to the Board extensive business, finance and leadership skills gained and developed through years of experience in the financial services industry, including his tenure overseeing the strategic direction as CEO of Victory Capital. These skills, combined with Mr. Brown's extensive knowledge of the financial services industry and demonstrated success in the development and distribution of investment strategies and products, enable him to provide valuable insights to the Board and strategic direction for the Funds. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds Trustee, Victory Portfolios (42 series), Victory Portfolios II (26 series), Victory Variable Insurance Funds (9 series)
The officers of the Trust are elected by the Board to actively supervise the Trust’s day-to-day operations. The officers of the Trust, their date of birth, the length of time served, and their principal occupations during the past five years are detailed in the following table. Each officer serves until the earlier of his or her resignation, removal, retirement, death, or the election of a successor. The mailing address of each officer of the Trust is 15935 La Cantera Parkway, Building Two, San Antonio, Texas 78256. The officers of the Trust receive no compensation directly from the Trust for performing the duties of their offices.
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Name
and Date
of Birth
Position(s)
Held with
Fund
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation(s) Held
During the Past Five Years
Officers
Chris Dyer
(February 1962)
President July 2019 Director of Mutual Fund Administration, Victory Capital Management Inc. (2004 -present).
Scott Stahorsky
(July 1969)
Vice President July 2019 Manager, Fund Administration, Victory Capital Management Inc. (2015-present); Senior Analyst, Fund Administration, Victory Capital Management Inc. (2005-2015).
James K. De Vries
(April 1969)
Treasurer March 2018 Executive Director, Victory Capital Management Inc. (7/1/19- present); Executive Director, Investment and Financial Administration, USAA (2012-6/30/19); Assistant Treasurer, USAA Mutual Funds Trust (2013-2018). Mr. De Vries also serves as the Funds’ Principal Financial Officer.
Erin Wagner
(February1974)
Secretary July 2019 Deputy General Counsel, Victory Capital Management Inc. (2013-present)
Allan Shaer
(March 1965)
Assistant Treasurer July 2019 Senior Vice President, Financial Administration, Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. (2016-present); Vice President, Mutual Fund Administration, JP Morgan Chase Bank (2011-2016).
Carol D. Trevino
(October 1965)
Assistant Treasurer September 2018 Director, Accounting and Finance, Victory Capital Management Inc. (7/1/19-present); Accounting/ Financial Director, USAA (12/13-6/30/19).
Charles Booth
(April 1960)
Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer and Identify Theft Officer July 2019 Director, Regulatory Administration and CCO Support Services, City Fund Services Ohio, Inc. (2007-present).
Amy Campos
(July 1976)
Chief Compliance Officer July 2019 Chief Compliance Officer, USAA Mutual Funds Trust (7/1/19-present); Executive Director, Deputy Chief Compliance Officer, USAA Mutual Funds Trust and USAA ETF Trust (7/17-6/19); Compliance Director, USAA Mutual Funds Trust (2014-7/17).
Committees of the Board
The Board typically conducts regular meetings five or six times a year to review the operations of the Funds in the USAA family of funds. During the Funds' most recent fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Board held meetings eight times. A portion of these meetings is devoted to various committee meetings of the Board, which focus on particular matters. In addition, the Board may hold special meetings by telephone or in person to discuss specific matters that may require action prior to the next regular meeting. The Board has four committees: an Audit and Compliance Committee, a Product Management and Distribution Committee, a Corporate Governance Committee, and an Investments Committee. The duties of these four Committees and their membership are as follows:
Audit and Compliance Committee: The Audit and Compliance Committee of the Board of Trustees reviews the financial information and the independent auditor’s reports and undertakes certain studies and analyses as directed by the Board. The Audit and Compliance Committee has responsibility for the review of the Trust’s compliance program and the performance of the Trust’s chief compliance officer, as well as responsibility for certain additional compliance matters. Lead Independent Trustee Boyce and Independent Trustees Hawley, Mason, P. McNamara, Ostdiek, Newton, Reimherr, and Walters are members of the Audit and Compliance Committee. During the Funds' most recent fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Audit and Compliance Committee held four meetings.
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Product Management and Distribution Committee: The Product Management and Distribution Committee of the Board reviews the Funds offered by the Trust and the respective investment objectives and policies, as well as the Manager’s selection of subadvisers; oversees the distribution and marketing of the Funds; and assists the Board in overseeing certain third-party service providers and related matters. The Product Management and Distribution Committee provides oversight with respect to the sale and distribution of shares of the Funds, including payments made by the Funds pursuant to the Trust’s 12b-1 Plan. Chairman and Interested Trustee D. McNamara, Interested Trustee Brown, Lead Independent Trustee Boyce, and Independent Trustees Hawley, Mason, P. McNamara, Ostdiek, Newton, Reimherr, and Walters are members of the Product Management and Distribution Committee. During the Funds' most recent fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Product Management and Distribution Committee held four meetings.
Corporate Governance Committee: The Corporate Governance Committee of the Board maintains oversight of the organization, performance, and effectiveness of the Board and the Independent Trustees. The Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for maintaining a policy on Board tenure and term limitations for the Independent Trustees, establishing procedures to identify and recruit potential candidates for Board membership, and recommending candidates to fill any vacancy for Independent Trustees on the Board. The Corporate Governance Committee has adopted procedures to consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Shareholders may send recommendations to Mr. Paul McNamara, chairman of the Corporate Governance Committee. To be considered by the Board, any recommendations for a nomination submitted by a shareholder must include at least the following information: name; date of birth; contact information; education; business profession and other expertise; affiliations; experience relating to serving on the Board; and references. Lead Independent Trustee Boyce and Independent Trustees Hawley, Mason, P. McNamara, Ostdiek, Newton, Reimherr, and Walters are members of the Corporate Governance Committee. During the Funds' most recent fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Corporate Governance Committee held seven meetings.
Investments Committee: The Investments Committee assists the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities overseeing, among other things: the investment programs implemented by Victory Capital and/or, if applicable, the investment subadviser(s) for the Funds; the performance and portfolio composition of the Funds; and the valuation and liquidity of each Fund’s assets. In addition, the Investments Committee coordinates the Board’s consideration of investment advisory and underwriting agreements pursuant to Section 15(c) of the 1940 Act. Chairman and Interested Trustee D. McNamara, Interested Trustee Brown, Lead Independent Trustee Boyce, and Independent Trustees Hawley, Mason, P. McNamara, Ostdiek, Newton, Reimherr, and Walters are members of the Investments Committee. During the Funds' most recent fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Investments Committee held four meetings.
There are no family relationships among the Trustees, officers, and managerial level employees of the Trust.
The following table sets forth the dollar range of total equity securities beneficially owned by the Trustees of the Funds listed in this SAI and in all of the USAA Funds overseen by the Trustees as of the calendar year ended December 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2020, the officers and Trustees of the Trust, as a group, owned beneficially or of record less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Trust.
  Extended Market Index Fund 500 Index Fund Nasdaq-100 Index Fund Global Managed Volatility Fund
Interested Trustees        
Daniel S. McNamara

None None None None
David C. Brown

None None None None
Non-Interested Trustees        
Robert L. Mason, Ph.D.

None None None None
Jefferson C. Boyce

None None None None
Dawn M. Hawley

None None None None
Paul L. McNamara

None None None None
Richard Y. Newton, III

None None None None
Barbara B. Ostdiek, Ph.D.

None None None None
    
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  Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund USAA Family of Funds Total
Interested Trustees    
Daniel S. McNamara

None Over $100,000
David C. Brown

None None
Non-Interested Trustees    
Robert L. Mason, Ph.D.

None Over $100,000
Jefferson C. Boyce

None $50,001-$100,000
Dawn M. Hawley

$0-$10,000 Over $100,000
Paul L. McNamara

None Over $100,000
Richard Y. Newton, III

None $0-$10,000
Barbara B. Ostdiek, Ph.D.

$0-$10,000 $0-$10,000
Michael F. Reimherr

None Over $100,000
John C. Walters

None Over $100,000
The following table sets forth information describing the compensation of the current Trustees of the Trust for their services as Trustees for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.
Name of Trustee Aggregate
Compensation from
Funds Listed in this SAI
Total Compensation
from the USAA Family of Funds (b)
Interested Trustees    
Daniel S. McNamara

None (a) None (a)
David C. Brown(c)

None (a) None (a)
Independent Trustees    
Robert L. Mason, Ph.D.

$28,955 $254,803
Jefferson C. Boyce

$28,710 $269,874
Dawn Hawley

$26,852 $250,240
Paul L. McNamara

$26,455 $248,674
Richard Y. Newton, III

$25,262 $237,466
Barbara B. Ostdiek, Ph.D.

$25,773 $293,701
Michael F. Reimherr

$25,262 $237,466
John C. Walters(c)

$10,426 $98,000
(a) Daniel S. McNamara is affiliated with the Trust’s former investment adviser, AMCO, and David C. Brown is affiliated with the Trust's investment adviser, Victory Capital. Accordingly, neither receives any remuneration from the Trust or any other fund of the USAA Fund Complex.
(b) At December 31, 2019, the Fund Complex consisted of one registered investment company offering 47 individual funds.
(c) Messrs. Brown and Walters became members of the Board of Trustees on July 1, 2019.
Control Persons and Principal Shareholders
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund. A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company, who acknowledges the existence of control, or by whom the Fund acknowledges control. Shareholders with a controlling interest could affect the outcome of voting or the direction of management of a Fund. Since the economic benefit of investing in a Fund is passed through to the underlying investors of the record owners of 25% or more of the Fund shares, these record owners are not considered the beneficial owners of the Fund’s shares or control persons of the Fund.
Control Persons
As of March 31, 2020, there were no control persons of the Funds.
Principal Shareholders
As of March 31, 2020, the following persons were known to own of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the share class and Fund indicated:
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Title of Class Name of Address of Beneficial Owner Percent of Class Nature of Ownership1
Extended Market Index Fund

National Financial
for the exclusive benefits
of its customers
499 Washington Blvd
Jersey City, NJ 07310
33.12% Record
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Shares

National Financial
for the exclusive benefits
of its customers
499 Washington Blvd
Jersey City, NJ 07310
47.22% Record
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Institutional Shares

TD Ameritrade
PO Box 2226
Omaha, NE 68103-2226
10.15% Record
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Institutional Shares

UBS Financial Services
1000 Harbor Blvd
Weehawken, NJ 07086
51.18% Record
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Institutional Shares

National Financial
for the exclusive benefits
of its customers
499 Washington Blvd
Jersey City, NJ 07310
28.45% Record
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund R6 Shares

United Services Automobile Association
C/O Portfolio Accounting
9800 Fredericksburg Road
San Antonio, TX 78288-0001
81.12% Beneficial
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund R6 Shares

Matrix Trust Company as Custodian
PO Box 52129
Phoenix, AZ 85072-2129
10.43% Record
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund R6 Shares

Nationwide Investment Services Corp
Po Box 182029
Columbus, Oh 43218
8.21% Record
Global Managed Volatility Fund Shares

National Financial
for the Exclusive Benefits
of its customers
499 Washington Blvd
Jersey City, NJ 07310
63.01% Record
Global Managed Volatility Fund Institutional Shares

Gerlach & CO, LLC/
Citibank Open WE1
3800 Citigroup Ctr Building B3 14 Tampa, FL 33610
100% Beneficial
500 Index Fund Reward Shares

National Financial
for the Exclusive Benefits
of its customers
499 Washington Blvd
Jersey City, NJ 07310
31.87% Record
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Title of Class Name of Address of Beneficial Owner Percent of Class Nature of Ownership1
500 Index Fund Member Shares

National Financial
for the Exclusive Benefits
of its customers
499 Washington Blvd
Jersey City, NJ 07310
29.56% Record
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund Shares

National Financial
for the Exclusive Benefits
of its customers
499 Washington Blvd
Jersey City, NJ 07310
39.37% Record
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund Shares

Charles Schwab
211 Mail Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
5.84% Record
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund R6 Shares

United Services Automobile Association
C/O Portfolio Accounting
9800 Fredericksburg Road
San Antonio, TX 78288-0001
39.64% Beneficial
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund R6 Shares

National Financial
for the Exclusive Benefits
of its customers
499 Washington Blvd
Jersey City, NJ 07310
23.15% Record
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund R6 Shares

Matrix Trust Company as Custodian
PO Box 52129
Phoenix, AZ 85072-2129
15.09% Record
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund R6 Shares

Nationwide Investment Services Corp
Po Box 182029
Columbus, Oh 43218
5.40% Record
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund R6 Shares

Great-West Trust Company LLC
FBO Employee Benefits Clients 401k
8515 E Orchard Rd 2T2
Greenwood Village, CO 80111
7.83% Record
1 “Record” ownership means the shareholder of record, or the exact name of the shareholder on the account, i.e., “ABC Brokerage, Inc.” “Beneficial” ownership refers to the actual pecuniary, or financial, interest in the security, i.e., “Jane Doe Shareholder.”
The Trust’s Manager and Other Service Providers
Victory Capital, a New York corporation registered as an investment adviser with the SEC, serves as investment adviser to the Funds effective July 1, 2019. Victory Capital’s principal business address is 15935 La Cantera Pkwy, Building Two, San Antonio, Texas 78256. Victory Capital is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. (“VCH”) a publicly traded Delaware corporation. As of March 31, 2020, Victory Capital managed assets totaling in excess of $124 billion for numerous clients including large corporate and public retirement plans, Taft-Hartley plans, foundations and endowments, high net worth individuals and mutual funds. Effective July 1, 2019, VCH acquired AMCO from its parent company and Victory Capital became the adviser to the Funds.
Subject to the authority of the Board, the Manager is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Funds’ business affairs. Victory Capital is responsible for selecting each Fund’s investments according to the Fund’s investment objective, policies, and restrictions. Victory Capital is a multi-boutique asset manager comprised of multiple investment teams, referred to as investment franchises, each of which utilizes an independent approach to investing. The Advisory Agreement also authorizes Victory Capital to retain one or more Subadvisers for the management of all or a portion of a Fund’s investment. Under the Advisory Agreement, the Manager is responsible for monitoring the services furnished pursuant to the Subadvisory Agreements and making recommendations to the Board with respect to the retention or replacement of Subadvisers and renewal of Subadvisory Agreements.
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Advisory Agreement
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Manager provides an investment program, carries out the investment policies, and manages the portfolio assets for each of the Funds. The Manager is authorized, subject to the control of the Board of the Trust, to determine the selection, amount, and time to buy or sell securities for each Fund.
For the services under this agreement, each Fund has agreed to pay the Manager a fee computed as described under Fund Management in its prospectus. Management fees are computed and accrued daily and are payable monthly. The Manager compensates all personnel, officers, and Trustees of the Trust if such persons also are employees of the Manager or its affiliates.
Except for the services and facilities provided by the Manager, the Funds pay all other expenses incurred in their operations. Expenses for which the Funds are responsible include taxes (if any); brokerage commissions on portfolio transactions (if any); expenses of issuance and redemption of shares; charges of transfer agents, custodians, and dividend disbursing agents; cost of preparing and distributing proxy material and all other expenses incidental to holding meetings of shareholders, including proxy solicitations therefor, unless otherwise required; auditing and legal expenses; certain expenses of registering and qualifying shares for sale; fees of Trustees who are not interested persons (not affiliated) of the Manager; administrator, custodian, pricing and bookkeeping, registrar and transfer agent fees and expenses; fees and expenses related to the registration and qualification of the Funds’ shares for distribution under state and federal securities laws; expenses of typesetting for printing prospectuses and SAIs and supplements thereto expenses of printing and mailing these sent to existing shareholders; (xi) insurance premiums for fidelity bonds and other coverage to the extent approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees; (xii) association membership dues authorized by the Trust’s Board of Trustees; and (xiii) such non-recurring or extraordinary expenses as may arise, including those relating to actions, suits or proceedings to which the Trust is a party (or to which the Funds’ assets are subject) and any legal obligation for which the Trust may have to provide indemnification to the Trust’s Trustees and officers.
The Advisory Agreement provides that the Manager shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Funds in connection with the performance of the services pursuant thereto, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services or a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence on the part of the Adviser in the performance of its duties, or from reckless disregard by the Adviser of its duties and obligations thereunder.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect until June 30, 2021, for each such Fund and will continue in effect from year to year thereafter for each such Fund as long as it is approved at least annually (i) by a vote of the outstanding voting securities of such Fund (as defined by the 1940 Act) or by the Board (on behalf of such Fund), and (ii) by vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Manager or (otherwise than as Trustees) of the Trust cast in person, at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated at any time, without payment of any penalty, by either the Trust or the Manager on 60 days’ written notice and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined by the 1940 Act).
The Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse expenses so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding certain items such as acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, and brokerage commissions) do not exceed a certain amount for each Fund through at least June 30, 2021. The Manager is permitted to recoup any reimbursed expenses for up to three years after the fiscal year in which the reimbursement took place, subject to the lesser of any operating expense limits in effect at the time of: (a) the original expense reimbursement; or (b) the recoupment, after giving effect to the recoupment amount. This agreement may only be terminated by the Funds’ Board of Trustees.
Before July 1, 2019, AMCO served as the investment adviser to the Funds. For the last three fiscal years ended December 31, the Funds paid AMCO advisory fees as follows:
Fund 2019* 2018 2017
Extended Market Index Fund

$369,018 $659,092** -
500 Index Fund

$3,637,103 $7,151,615 $6,396,525
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund

$2,015,765 $3,783,317 $2,764,675
Global Managed Volatility Fund

$3,032,607 $5,350,148 $3,998,104
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund

$357,499 $759,047 $887,529
*Advisory fees paid to AMCO for the period of January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2019.
** Advisory fees are for the period of February 24, 2018 to December 31, 2018.
The following management fees were paid to Victory Capital for the period of July 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019.
Fund 2019
Extended Market Index Fund

$381,835
64

 

Fund 2019
500 Index Fund

$3,901,852
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund

$2,262,736
Global Managed Volatility Fund

$3,083,960
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund

$357,114
Prior to February 24, 2018, the Extended Market Index Fund operated as a feeder fund in a master-feeder structure and invested all its investable assets in the Extended Market Portfolio, which is a separate fund advised by BlackRock. The table below sets forth information about the total management fee paid by the Extended Market Portfolio to BlackRock and the amounts waived by BlackRock for the periods indicated.
  Paid to BlackRock Advisors, LLC Waived by BlackRock Advisors, LLC (if applicable)
Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 2019

N/A N/A
Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 2018

N/A N/A
Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 2017

$71,690 $9,434
The management fee for the Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund is based upon two components: (1) a base investment management fee, which is accrued daily and paid monthly, computed at an annual rate of 0.24% of average daily net assets; and (2) a performance adjustment that will add to or subtract from the base investment management fee depending upon the performance of the Fund relative to the Lipper Ultra Short Obligations Funds Index. Victory Capital will charge only the base fee (with no performance adjustments) for a period of 12 months following the effectiveness of the Management Agreement while Victory Capital develops a performance record for the applicable Funds.
Computing the Performance Adjustment
For any month, the base investment management fee of the Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund will equal the Fund’s average daily net assets for that month multiplied by the annual base investment management fee rate for the Fund, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the month and the denominator of which is 365 (366 in leap years). The Investment Advisory Agreement with Victory Capital permits calculation and application of the performance adjustment (1) on a class-by-class basis or (2) by designating a single share class of a Fund for purposes to calculate the performance adjustment, and then applying the same performance adjustment to each other class of shares of the Fund. The performance adjustment is currently calculated separately for each share class on a monthly basis and is added to or subtracted from the base investment management fee depending upon the performance over the performance period of the respective share class relative to the performance of the Fund's relevant Lipper Index. The methodology for calculating the performance adjustment may change in the future, as approved by the Board of the Trust and consistent with the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement.
The performance period for the Fund consists of the current month plus the previous 35 months. The annual performance adjustment rate is multiplied by the average daily net assets of the Fund over the performance period, which is then multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the month and the denominator of which is 365 (366 in leap years). The resulting amount is then added to (in the case of overperformance) or subtracted from (in the case of underperformance) the base investment management fee as referenced in the chart below:
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund
    
Over/Under Performance
Relative to Index
(in basis points) 1
Annual Adjustment Rate
(in basis points as a percentage
of a Fund’s average daily net assets) 1
+/- 20 to 50 +/– 4
+/– 51 to 100 +/– 5
+/– 101 and greater +/– 6
1 Based on the difference between average annual performance of the relevant share class of the Fund and its relevant Lipper index, rounded to the nearest basis point. Average daily net assets of the relevant share class are calculated over a rolling 36-month period.
For example, assume that a fixed-income fund with average daily net assets of $900 million has a base investment management fee of 0.30 of 1% (30 basis points) of the fund’s average daily net assets. Also assume that the fund had average daily net assets during
65

 

the performance period of $850 million. The following examples demonstrate the effect of the performance adjustment during a given 30-day month in various market environments, including situations in which the fund has outperformed, underperformed, and approximately matched its relevant index:
  Examples
  1 2 3 4 5 6
Fund Performance (a)

6.80% 5.30% 4.30% -7.55% -5.20% -3.65%
Index Performance (a)

4.75% 5.15% 4.70% -8.50% -3.75% -3.50%
Over/Under Performance (b)

205 15 -40 95 -145 -15
Annual Adjustment Rate (b)

6 - -4 5 -6 -
Monthly Adjustment Rate (c)

0.00% n/a 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% n/a
Base Fee for Month

$221,918 $221,918 $221,918 $221,918 $221,918 $221,918
Performance Adjustment

41,650 - -28,050 34,850 -41,650 -
Monthly Fee

$263,568 $221,918 $193,868 $256,768 $180,268 $221,918
(a) Average annual performance over a 36-month period
(b) In basis points 1/100th of a percent
(c) Annual Adjustment Rate divided by 365, multiplied by 30, and stated as a percentage
Each Fund measures its investment performance by comparing the beginning and ending redeemable value of an investment in the Fund during the measurement period, assuming the reinvestment of dividends and capital gain distributions during the period. Lipper uses this same methodology when it measures the investment performance of the component mutual funds within the respective Lipper Index. Because the adjustment to the base investment management fee is based upon the Fund’s performance compared to the investment record of its Lipper Index, the controlling factor as to whether a performance adjustment will be made is not whether the Fund’s performance is up or down per se, but whether it is up or down more or less than the record of its respective Lipper Index. Moreover, the comparative investment performance of the Fund is based solely on the relevant performance period without regard to the cumulative performance over a longer or shorter period of time.
From time to time, the Manager may, without prior notice to shareholders, waive all or any portion of fees or agree to reimburse expenses incurred by a Fund. As a result of the Funds' expense limitations previously in effect by AMCO, for the last three fiscal years ended December 31, AMCO reimbursed the Funds as follows:
Fund 2019* 2018 2017
500 Index Fund - Member Shares

$207,940 $378,897 $612,581
500 Index Fund - Reward Shares

$576,871 $1,093,017 $998,921
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund R6 Shares

$2,285 $5,632 $27,967
Global Managed Volatility Fund Shares

$21,641 $32,598 $26,534
Global Managed Volatility Fund Institutional Shares

$213,162 $359,067 $233,324
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Institutional Shares

$12,598 $13,725 $7,050
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund R6 Shares

$11,083 $14,897 $27,759
*AMCO reimbursed the Funds for the period of January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2019.
Victory Capital reimbursed the Funds for the period of July 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, as follows:
Fund 2019
500 Index Fund - Member Shares

$163,790
500 Index Fund - Reward Shares

$698,530
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund R6 Shares

$1,639
Global Managed Volatility Fund Shares

$-
Global Managed Volatility Fund Institutional Shares

$236,264
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund

$16,250
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Institutional Shares

$-
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund R6 Shares

$10,290
Some Funds may invest in affiliated ETFs. These ETFs incur their own management and other fees and expenses. AMCO reimbursed the Funds for any management fees incurred through investment in the affiliated ETFs. The ETF management fee reimbursements are included in the table above. For the last three fiscal years ended December 31, such reimbursements were as follows:
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Fund 2019* 2018 2017
Global Managed Volatility Fund Shares

$56 $129 --
Global Managed Volatility Fund Institutional Shares

$5,095 $9,708 --
*AMCO reimbursed the Fund for the period of January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2019.
Victory Capital reimbursed the Fund for the period of July 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, as follows.
Fund 2019
Global Managed Volatility Fund Shares

$142
Global Managed Volatility Fund Institutional Shares

$12,507
Administration, Servicing and Accounting Agreement
Under a Fund Administration, Servicing and Accounting Agreement effective July 1, 2019 (“Administration Agreement”), Victory Capital is obligated on a continuous basis to provide such administrative services as the Board reasonably deems necessary for the proper administration of the Funds. Victory Capital may delegate one or more of its responsibilities to others at its expense. Citi Fund Services of Ohio, Inc. (“Citi”) serves as sub-administrator and sub-fund accountant to the Trust pursuant to an agreement with Victory Capital, as disclosed in greater detail under “Sub-Administrator and Sub-Fund Accountant.” As administrator, Victory Capital supervises the Trust’s operations, including the services that Citi provides to the Funds as sub-administrator, but excluding those that Victory Capital provides as investment adviser, all subject to the supervision of the Board.
Victory Capital coordinates the preparation, filing and distribution of amendments to the Trust’s registration statement on Form N-1A, supplements to prospectuses and SAIs, and proxy materials in connection with shareholder meetings; drafts shareholder communications, including annual and semi-annual reports; administers the Trust’s other service provider contracts; monitors compliance with investment restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act, each Fund’s investment objective, defined investment policies, and restrictions, tax diversification, and distribution and income requirements; coordinates the Funds’ service arrangements with financial institutions that make the Funds’ shares available to their customers; assists with regulatory compliance; supplies individuals to serve as Trust officers; prepares Board meeting materials; and annually determines whether the services that it provides (or the services that Citi provides as sub-administrator) are adequate and complete.
Victory Capital also performs fund accounting services for each Fund. The fund accountant calculates each Fund’s NAV, the dividend and capital gain distribution, if any, and the yield. The fund accountant also provides a current security position report, a summary report of transactions and pending maturities, a current cash position report, and maintains the general ledger accounting records for the Funds. In addition, the Funds may reimburse Victory Capital for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in providing these services and certain other expenses specifically allocated to the Funds under the Administration Agreement.
The Administration Agreement provides that the Victory Capital shall not be liable for any action or inaction, except for any action or inaction constituting willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties hereunder or the reckless disregard of such duties.
For these services under the Administration Agreement, with respect to the 500 Index Fund, the Trust has agreed to pay Victory Capital a fee computed daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate equal to 0.06% of the average daily net assets of the Fund; with respect to the Extended Market Index Fund, Nasdaq-100 Index Fund Shares, Global Managed Volatility Fund Shares, and the Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Shares, the Trust has agreed to pay Victory Capital a fee computed daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate equal to fifteen one-hundredths of one percent (0.15%) of the average daily net assets of each Fund.
With respect to the Global Managed Volatility Fund Institutional Shares, for these services under the Administration Agreement, the Trust has agreed to pay Victory Capital a fee computed daily and paid monthly at an annual rate equal to five one-hundredths of one percent (0.05%) of the average daily net assets for the Fund's Institutional Shares.
With respect to the Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Institutional Shares, for these services under the Administration Agreement, the Trust has agreed to pay Victory Capital a fee computed daily and paid monthly at an annual rate equal to one-tenth of one percent (0.10%) of the average daily net assets of each Fund.
With respect to the Nasdaq-100 Index Fund R6 Shares and Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund R6 Shares, for these services under the Administration Agreement, the Trust has agreed to pay Victory Capital a fee computed daily and paid monthly at an annual rate equal to five one-hundredths of one percent (0.05%) of the average daily net assets for the Fund's R6 Shares.
Prior to July 1, 2019, AMCO served as the Funds' administrator under a separate agreement. For the last three fiscal years ended December 31, the Funds paid administration and servicing fees to AMCO as follows:
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Fund 2019* 2018 2017
Extended Market Index Fund Shares

$553,527 $1,275,269 $1,792,398
500 Index Fund Member Shares

$981,002 $1,964,181 $1,885,064
500 Index Fund Reward Shares

$1,201,514 $2,326,787 $1,952,851
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund Shares

$1,500,975 $2,820,203 $2,066,663
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund R6 Shares

$3,616 $5,761 $2,281
Global Managed Volatility Fund Shares

$8,174 $17,348 $20,678
Global Managed Volatility Fund Institutional Shares

$249,992 $440,063 $326,283
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Shares

$210,672 $450,579 $538,421
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Institutional Shares

$6,024 $6,243 $6,602
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund R6 Shares

$1,243 $2,496 $2,117
*The Funds paid administration and servicing fees to AMCO for period January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2019.
The following administration and servicing fees were paid to Victory Capital for the period of July 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, as follows:
Fund 2019
Extended Market Index Fund Shares

$572,757
500 Index Fund Member Shares

$1,048,889
500 Index Fund Reward Shares

$1,292,128
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund Shares

$1,684,179
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund R6 Shares

$4,228
Global Managed Volatility Fund Shares

$8,587
Global Managed Volatility Fund Institutional Shares

$254,139
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Shares

$209,423
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Institutional Shares

$6,412
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund R6 Shares

$1,386
Sub-Administrator and Sub-Fund Accountant
Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. (“Citi”) serves as sub-administrator and sub-fund accountant to the Funds pursuant to a Sub-Administration and Sub-Fund Accounting Agreement dated October 1, 2015, as amended, by and between Victory Capital and Citi. Citi assists in supervising all operations of the Funds (other than those performed by Victory Capital either as investment adviser or administrator), subject to the supervision of the Board.
Under the Sub-Administration and Sub-Fund Accounting Agreement, for the sub-administration services that Citi renders to the Funds, other series of the Trust, and the series of Victory Portfolios (“VP”), Victory Portfolios II (“VPII”), and Victory Variable Insurance Funds (“VVIF”), Victory Capital pays Citi a fee, computed daily and paid monthly, at the following annual rates: 0.011% of the first $50 billion of aggregate net assets of the Trust, VP, VPII, and VVIF net assets; plus 0.01% of aggregate net assets of Trust, VP, VPII, and VVIF net assets from $50 billion to $100 billion; plus 0.0085% of aggregate net assets of the Trust, VP, VPII, and VVIF net assets from $100 billion to $125 billion; plus 0.0065% of aggregate Trust, VP, VPII, and VVIF net assets in excess of $125 billion. Citi may periodically waive all or a portion of the amount of its fee that is allocated to any Fund in order to increase the net income of the Funds available for distribution to shareholders. Additional fees apply for providing certain services relating to implementing the new reports required by the new RIC Modernization rules adopted by the SEC under the 1940 Act. In addition, the Trust, VP, VPII, and VVIF reimburse Citi for all of its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in providing these services and certain other expenses specifically allocated to the Funds under the Sub-Administration and Sub-Fund Accounting Agreement.
The Sub-Administration and Sub-Fund Accounting Agreement provides that Citi shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the matters to which the Agreement relates, except a loss resulting from bad faith, willful misfeasance, negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Agreement.
Under the Sub-Administration and Sub-Fund Accounting Agreement, Citi calculates Trust expenses and makes disbursements; calculates capital gain and distribution information; registers the Funds’ shares with the states; prepares shareholder reports and reports to the SEC on Forms N-CEN, N-PORT, and N-CSR; coordinates dividend payments; calculates the Funds’ performance information; files the Trust’s tax returns; supplies individuals to serve as Trust officers; monitors the Funds’ status as regulated investment companies under the Code; assists in developing portfolio compliance procedures; reports to the Board amounts paid under shareholder service agreements; assists with regulatory compliance; obtains, maintains and files fidelity bonds and Trustees’ and officers’/errors and omissions insurance policies for the Trust; and assists in the annual audit of the Funds.
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Custodian
Citibank, N.A., 388 Greenwich St., New York, New York 10013, is the custodian for the Funds. The custodian is responsible for, among other things, safeguarding and controlling each Fund’s cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities, processing the pricing of each Fund’s securities, and collecting interest on the Funds’ investments. In addition, assets of the Funds may be held by certain foreign subcustodians and foreign securities depositories as agents of the custodian in accordance with the rules and regulations established by the SEC.
Transfer Agent
Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”), 15935 La Cantera Parkway, Building Two, San Antonio, Texas 78256, an affiliate of the Manager, performs transfer agent services for the Trust under a Transfer Agency Agreement. Services include maintenance of shareholder account records, handling of communications with shareholders, distribution of Fund dividends, and production of reports with respect to account activity for shareholders and the Trust. For its services under the Transfer Agency Agreement, the Extended Market Index Fund, Nasdaq-100 Index Fund Shares, and the Global Managed Volatility Fund Shares, pay the Transfer Agent an annual fixed fee of $23 per account. The 500 Index Fund pays the Transfer Agent an annual fixed fee of $20 per account. The Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Shares pay the Transfer Agent an annual fixed fee of $25.50 per account. The fee is subject to change at any time.
For its services under the Transfer Agency Agreement, the Global Managed Volatility Fund Institutional Shares pay the Transfer Agent a fee computed daily and paid monthly at an annual rate equal to five one-hundredths of one percent (0.05%) of the average daily net assets per account. The Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund Institutional Shares pay the Transfer Agent a fee computed daily and paid monthly at an annual rate equal to one-tenth of one percent (0.10%) of the average daily net assets per account. The Nasdaq-100 Index Fund R6 Shares and Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund R6 Shares pay the Transfer Agent a fee computed daily and paid monthly at an annual rate equal to one one-hundredths of one percent (0.01%) of the average daily net assets per account.
In addition to these fees, the Transfer Agent also is entitled to reimbursement from the Trust for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, charges, and other disbursements incurred by it in connection with the performance of services under the Transfer Agency Agreement, including but not limited to: (1) the cost of any and all forms, statements, labels, envelopes, checks, tax forms, and other printed materials that is required by the Transfer Agent to perform its duties; (2) delivery charges, including postage incurred in delivering materials to, and receiving them from, the Trust and shareholders; (3) communication charges; (4) maintenance of shareholder records (including charges for retention and imaging); (5) tax reporting systems; (6) counsel fees; and (7) cash and asset management services.  The fee paid to the Transfer Agent includes processing of all transactions and correspondence. Fees are billed on a monthly basis at the rate of one-twelfth of the annual fee. Each Fund pays all out-of-pocket expenses of the Transfer Agent and other expenses which are incurred at the specific direction of the Trust. Fees paid under the Transfer Agency Agreement are subject to change at any time.
The Transfer Agent is authorized to enter into arrangements with third-party service providers to provide a portion or all of the functions under the Transfer Agency Agreement. For accounts held with third-party intermediaries, the Trust pays the Transfer Agent the same fees that would have been paid to the Transfer Agent if all the accounts had been maintained by the Transfer Agent. The intermediaries may receive payments directly or indirectly from the Transfer Agent, Victory Capital, or their affiliates for providing services to their clients who hold Fund shares.
Sub-Transfer Agent
Under its agreement with the Trust, the Transfer Agent may delegate one or more of its responsibilities to others at its expense. The Transfer Agent has engaged FIS Investor Services LLC (“FIS”), 4249 Easton Way, Suite 400, Columbus, Ohio 43219, to serve as sub-transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent for the Funds. Under its agreement with the Transfer Agent, FIS has agreed to (1) issue and redeem shares of the Funds; (2) address and mail all communications by the Funds to their shareholders, including reports to shareholders, dividend and distribution notices and proxy material for its meetings of shareholders; (3) respond to correspondence or inquiries by shareholders and others relating to its duties; (4) maintain shareholder accounts and certain sub-accounts; and (5) make periodic reports to the Board concerning the Funds’ operations.
Underwriter and Distributor
The Trust has an agreement with Victory Capital Advisers, Inc. (“VCA”), 4900 Tiedeman Road, Brooklyn, Ohio 44144, an affiliate of the Manager, for exclusive underwriting and distribution of each Fund's shares on a continuing, best efforts basis. This agreement provides that VCA will receive no fee or other compensation for such distribution services. Effective on or about June 30, 2020, the Distributor’s name will change to Victory Capital Services, Inc.
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Compliance and Legal Services
In addition to the services provided under the Funds' Administration Agreement, AMCO also provided certain tax, compliance, and legal services for the benefit of the Funds. The Board has approved the reimbursement for certain of these expenses incurred by AMCO. For the last three fiscal years ended December 31, the Funds reimbursed AMCO for tax, compliance, and legal services as follows:
Fund 2019* 2018 2017
Extended Market Index Fund

$2,942 $7,545 $11,564
500 Index Fund

$28,832 $67,228 $102,863
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund

$7,981 $17,465 $21,186
Global Managed Volatility Fund

$4,017 $7,651 $9,797
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund

$1,191 $3,021 $6,331
*The Funds reimbursed AMCO for tax, compliance, and legal services for the period January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2019.
Compliance Services
Effective July 1, 2019, the Trust entered into an Agreement to Provide Compliance Services (“Compliance Agreement”) with the Adviser, pursuant to which the Adviser furnishes its compliance personnel, including the services of the CCO, and other resources reasonably necessary to provide the Trust with compliance oversight services related to the design, administration, and oversight of a compliance program for the Trust in accordance with Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. The Funds in the Victory Funds complex, in the aggregate, compensate the Adviser for these services.
The Funds paid Victory Capital for compliance services for the period of July 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, as follows:
Fund 2019
Extended Market Index Fund

$1,850
500 Index Fund

$18,764
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund

$5,358
Global Managed Volatility Fund

$2,535
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund

$734
Codes of Ethics
Each of the Trust, the Manager, and the Distributor has adopted a Code of Ethics in accordance with Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. The Manager Code of Ethics applies to all Access Personnel (the Manager’s directors, officers, and employees with investment advisory duties) and all Supervised Personnel (all of the Manager’s directors, officers, and employees). Each Code of Ethics provides that Access Personnel must refrain from certain trading practices. Each Code also requires all Access Personnel (and, in the Manager Code, all Supervised Personnel) to report certain personal investment activities, including, but not limited to, purchases or sales of securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. Violations of any Code of Ethics can result in penalties, suspension, or termination of employment.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
Victory Capital Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The Board has delegated to the Manager authority to vote on proposals presented to shareholders of portfolio securities held by the USAA Funds. The Manager votes on proposals presented to shareholders of portfolio securities held by those Funds for which the Manager is responsible. For USAA Funds with subadvisers, the Manager has delegated responsibility for voting to the applicable subadvisers. To assist the Manager in making proxy-voting decisions, the Manager has adopted a Proxy Voting Policy (“Policy”) that establishes voting guidelines (“Proxy Voting Guidelines”) with respect to certain recurring issues. The Policy is reviewed on an annual basis by the Manager’s Proxy Committee (“Proxy Committee”) and revised when the Proxy Committee determines that a change is appropriate. The Board annually reviews the Trust’s Proxy Voting Policy and the Manager’s Policy and determines whether amendments are necessary or advisable.
Voting under the Manager’s Policy may be executed through administrative screening per established guidelines with oversight by the Proxy Committee or upon vote by a quorum of the Proxy Committee. The Manager delegates to Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”), an independent service provider, the non-discretionary administration of proxy voting for the Trust, subject to oversight by the Manager’s Proxy Committee. In no circumstances shall ISS have the authority to vote proxies except in accordance with standing or specific instructions given to it by the Manager.
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The Manager votes proxies in the best interests of the Funds and their shareholders. This entails voting client proxies with the objective of increasing the long-term economic value of Fund assets. The Manager’s Proxy Committee determines how to vote proxies by following established guidelines, which are not intended to be rigid rules. The Proxy Committee is directed to apply the guidelines as appropriate. On occasion, however, a contrary vote may be warranted when such action is in the best interests of the Funds or if required by the Board or the Funds’ Proxy Voting Policy. In such cases, the Manager may consider, among other things:
•    the effect of the proposal on the underlying value of the securities
•    the effect on marketability of the securities
•    the effect of the proposal on future prospects of the issuer
•    the composition and effectiveness of the issuer’s board of directors
•    the issuer’s corporate governance practices
•    the quality of communications from the issuer to its shareholders
The Manager also may take into account independent third-party, general industry guidance or other corporate governance review sources when making decisions. It may additionally seek guidance from other senior internal sources with special expertise on a given topic where it is appropriate. The investment team’s opinion concerning the management and prospects of the issuer may be taken into account in determining whether a vote for or against a proposal is in a Fund’s best interests. Insufficient information, onerous requests or vague, ambiguous wording may indicate that a vote against a proposal is appropriate, even when the general principal appears to be reasonable.
The following examples illustrate the Manager’s policy with respect to some common proxy votes. This summary is not an exhaustive list of all the issues that may arise or of all matters addressed in the Guidelines, and whether the Manager supports or opposes a proposal will depend upon the specific facts and circumstances described in the proxy statement and other available information.
Directors
•    The Manager generally supports the election of directors in uncontested elections, except when there are issues of accountability, responsiveness, composition, and/or independence.
•    The Manager generally supports proposals for an independent chair taking into account factors such as the current board leadership structure, the company’s governance practices, and company performance.
•    The Manager generally supports proxy access proposals that are in line with the market standards regarding the ownership threshold, ownership duration, aggregation provisions, cap on nominees, and do not contain any other unreasonably restrictive guidelines.
•    The Manager reviews contested elections on a case-by-case basis taking into account such factors as the company performance, particularly the long-term performance relative to the industry; the management track record; the nominee qualifications and compensatory arrangements; the strategic plan of the dissident and its critique of the current management; the likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved; the ownership stakes of the relevant parties; and any other context that is particular to the company and the nature of the election.
Capitalization & Restructuring
•    The Manager generally supports capitalization proposals that facilitate a corporate transaction that is also being supported and for general corporate purposes so long as the increase is not excessive and there are no issues of superior voting rights, company performance, previous abuses of capital, or insufficient justification for the need for additional capital.
Mergers and Acquisitions
•    The Manager reviews mergers and acquisitions on a case-by-case basis to balance the merits and drawbacks of the transaction and factors such as valuation, strategic rationale, negotiations and process, conflicts of interest, and the governance profile of the company post-transaction.
Compensation
•    The Manager reviews all compensation proposals for pay-for-performance alignment, with emphasis on long-term shareholder value; arrangements that risk pay for failure; independence in the setting of compensation; inappropriate pay to non-executive directors, and the quality and rationale of the compensation disclosure.
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•    The Manager will generally vote FOR advisory votes on executive compensation (“say on pay”) unless there is a pay-for-performance misalignment; problematic pay practice or non-performance-based element; incentive for excessive risk-taking, options backdating; or a lack of compensation committee communication and/or responsiveness to shareholder concerns.
•    The Manager will vote case-by-case on equity-based compensation plans taking into account factors such as the plan cost; the plan features; and the grant practices as well as any overriding factors that may have a significant negative impact on shareholder interests.
Social and Environmental Issues
•    The Manager will vote case-by-case on topics such as consumer and product safety; environment and energy; labor standards and human rights; workplace and board diversity; and corporate and political issues, taking into account factors such as the implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value; whether the company has already responded in an appropriate and sufficient manner to the issue raised; whether the request is unduly burdensome; and whether the issue is more appropriately or effectively handled through legislation or other regulations.
The Manager also may take into account independent third-party, general industry guidance or other corporate governance review sources when making decisions. It may additionally seek guidance from other senior internal sources with special expertise on a given topic where it is appropriate. The investment team’s opinion concerning the management and prospects of the issuer may be taken into account in determining whether a vote for or against a proposal is in a Fund’s best interests. Insufficient information, onerous requests or vague, ambiguous wording may indicate that a vote against a proposal is appropriate, even when the general principal appears to be reasonable.
Occasionally, conflicts of interest arise between the Manager’s interests and those of a Fund or another client. When this occurs, the Proxy Committee must document the nature of the conflict and vote the proxy in accordance with the Proxy Voting Guidelines unless such guidelines are judged by the Proxy Committee to be inapplicable to the proxy matter at issue. In the event that the Proxy Voting Guidelines are inapplicable or do not mitigate the conflict, the Manager will seek the opinion of the Manager’s Chief Compliance Officer or consult with an external independent adviser. In the case of a Proxy Committee member having a personal conflict of interest (e.g. a family member is on the board of the issuer), such member will abstain from voting. Finally, the Manager reports to the Board annually any proxy votes that took place involving a conflict, including the nature of the conflict and the basis or rationale for the voting decision made.
The Manager generally will vote on proposals presented to shareholders of portfolio securities held by the Funds. However, the Manager reserves the right not to vote on such proposals where it determines that the cost of exercising voting rights on behalf of a Fund exceeds the benefit of exercising such voting rights. In addition, the Manager generally will not vote on proposals presented to shareholders with respect to foreign securities that are on loan under the USAA Funds’ securities lending program. In this connection, the Manager has determined that the potential return from lending such securities generally is more advantageous to the USAA Fund than recalling such securities from the borrower to exercise voting rights with respect thereto. In addition, the Manager generally will not vote on proposals presented to shareholders with respect to foreign securities that are subject to share blocking where the foreign company prevents the sale of shares for a certain period of time around the shareholder meeting. For companies in countries with share blocking periods, the disadvantage of being unable to sell the stock regardless of changing conditions typically outweighs the advantages of voting at the shareholder meeting. The Manager has retained ISS to receive proxy statements, provide voting recommendations, vote shares according to our instructions, and to keep records of our votes on behalf of the USAA Funds. ISS has developed a set of criteria for evaluating and making recommendations on proxy voting issues (for example, elections of boards of directors or mergers and reorganizations). These criteria and general voting recommendations are set forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines as customized by the Manager with respect to certain matters. The Manager retains the authority to determine the final vote for securities held by the USAA Funds.
To avoid any improper influence on the Manager’s voting decisions, the Manager generally will follow the voting recommendations of ISS, except as briefly described below. Before any voting deadline, ISS will provide the Manager’s Head of Equity Investments (or his or her delegate) with a summary of the proposal and a recommendation based on the ISS Guidelines. In evaluating ISS’s recommendations, the Manager may consider information from many sources, including the USAA Funds’ portfolio manager, the Manager’s Investment Strategy Committee, the management of a company presenting a proposal, shareholder groups, and other sources. The Manager believes that the recommendation of management should be given weight in determining how to vote on a particular proposal. The Manager’s Head of Equity Investments will then review ISS’s recommendations, and if he or she determines that it would be in the Funds’ best interests to vote the shares contrary to ISS’s recommendation, he or she must determine, based on reasonable inquiry, whether any material conflict of interest exists between the Funds, on the one hand, and the Manager, the USAA Funds’ principal underwriter, or any person who is an affiliated person of the USAA Funds, the Manager, or the Funds’ principal underwriter, on the other. If a material conflict of interest is determined to exist, the Head of Equity Investments may vote contrary to ISS’s recommendation only if the proposed voting recommendation of the Head of Equity Investments is reviewed by the Manager’s
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Investment Strategy Committee, which will determine how to vote the particular proxy. With respect to any such proxy votes, the information prepared by the Manager’s Investment Strategy Committee regarding any material conflict of interest identified will be summarized and presented to the USAA Funds’ Board of Trustees at the next regularly scheduled meeting of the Board. The Manager’s Investment Strategy Committee also may establish certain proxy voting procedures for votes on certain matters that will override any ISS recommendation.
The Funds’ Proxy Voting Policy provides that the Funds, in accordance with SEC rules, annually will disclose on Form N-PX the Funds’ proxy voting record. Information regarding how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30th is updated each year by August 31st and is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll free (800) 235-8396 or by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Distribution Services
Multiple Class Information
Each Fund is comprised of multiple classes of shares. Each class has a common investment objective and investment portfolio. The classes have different fees, expenses and/or minimum investment and eligibility requirements. The difference in the fee structures between the classes is the result of their separate arrangements for shareholder and distribution services and other expenses attributable to the particular class. It is not the result of any difference in advisory or custodial fee rate schedules or other expenses related to the management of the Funds' assets, which generally do not vary by class.
Shareholders of R6 Shares do not require the same level of shareholder and administrative services from the Fund as shareholders of the other classes. In addition, the Fund does not pay any service, distribution, or administrative fees to financial intermediaries for R6 Shares. As a result, the R6 Shares pay lower fees. Different fees and expenses will affect performance.
Except as described below, the share classes have identical voting, dividend, liquidation and other rights, preferences, terms and conditions. The primary differences between the classes are (a) each class may be subject to different expenses specific to that class; (b) each class has a different identifying designation or name; (c) each class has exclusive voting rights with respect to matters solely affecting that class; and (d) each class may have different purchase, exchange, and redemption privileges.
Compensation to Financial Intermediaries
The Manager or its affiliates, from time to time, may make additional payments to financial intermediaries for the sale, distribution, and retention of shares of a Fund and for services to the shares of the Fund and its shareholders. These non-plan payments are intended to provide additional compensation to financial intermediaries for various services and may take the form of, among other things, “due diligence” payments for a dealer’s examination of the Funds and payments for providing extra employee training and information relating to Funds; “listing” fees for the placement of the Funds on a dealer’s list of mutual funds available for purchase by its customers; “finders” fees for directing investors to the Fund; “distribution and marketing support” fees or “revenue sharing” for providing assistance in promoting the sale of the Funds' shares; payments for the sale of shares and/or the maintenance of share balances; CUSIP fees; maintenance fees for, among other things, account maintenance and tax reporting; and set-up fees regarding the establishment of new accounts. These financial intermediaries may impose additional or different conditions than the Funds on purchases, redemptions or exchanges of shares. They may also independently establish and charge their customers or program participants transaction fees, account fees and other amounts in connection with purchases, redemptions and exchanges of shares in addition to any fees imposed by the Funds. The additional fees charged by financial intermediaries may vary and over time could increase the cost of an investment in the Funds and lower investment returns. Each financial intermediary is responsible for transmitting to its customers and program participants a schedule of any such fees and information regarding any additional or different conditions regarding purchases, redemptions and exchanges. Shareholders who are customers of these financial intermediaries or participants in programs serviced by them should contact the financial intermediary for information regarding these fees and conditions, if any.
The additional payments made by the Manager and its affiliates may be a fixed dollar amount or may be based on a percentage of the value of shares sold to, or held by, customers of the financial intermediary involved, and may be different for different financial intermediaries. These payments may be negotiated based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the financial intermediary’s reputation in the industry, ability to attract and retain assets, target markets, customer relationships and quality of service. No one factor is determinative of the type or amount of additional compensation to be provided. The payments described above are made from the Manager’s or its affiliates’ own assets pursuant to agreements with the financial intermediaries and do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of the Fund’s shares or the amount the Fund will receive as proceeds from such sales.
The payments described above may be made, at the discretion of the Manager or its affiliates, to financial intermediaries in connection with the sale and distribution of shares of the Fund. The level of payments made to the financial intermediaries in any year will vary and normally will be based on a percentage of sales or assets attributable to that financial intermediary invested in the particular share
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class of the Fund. Furthermore, the Manager or its affiliates may contribute to various non-cash and cash incentive arrangements to promote the sale of shares, and may sponsor various contests and promotions subject to applicable FINRA regulations in which participants may receive prizes such as travel awards, merchandise and cash. Subject to applicable FINRA regulations, the Manager or its affiliates also may: (i) pay for the travel expenses, meals, lodging and entertainment of financial intermediary representatives and their salespersons in connection with educational and sales promotional programs, (ii) sponsor speakers, educational seminars and charitable events and (iii) provide other sales and marketing conferences and other resources to financial intermediaries and their salespersons.
In some instances, these incentives may be made available only to financial intermediaries whose representatives have sold or may sell a significant number of shares. The financial intermediaries receiving additional payments include those that may recommend that their clients consider or select a Fund for investment purposes, including those that may include one or more Funds on a “preferred” or “recommended” list of mutual funds. These payments may create an incentive for a financial intermediary or its representatives to recommend or offer shares of the Funds to its customers over shares of other funds. In addition, these payments may result in greater access by the Distributor or its affiliates to, without limitation, the financial intermediary, its representatives, advisors and consultants and sales meetings, than other funds which do not make such payments or which make lower such payments.
From time to time, the Manager or its affiliates also may pay a portion of the fees for administrative, networking, omnibus, operational and recordkeeping, sub-transfer agency and shareholder services at its or their own expense and out of its or their legitimate profits.
If investment advisers, distributors or affiliates of mutual funds pay compensation in differing amounts, financial intermediaries and their financial consultants may have financial incentives for recommending a particular mutual fund over other mutual funds. You should consult your financial adviser and review carefully any disclosure by the financial intermediary as to compensation received by your financial adviser for more information about the payments described above.
USAA is a party to agreements with Victory Capital that provide compensation to USAA in connection with making referrals of USAA Members to the USAA Mutual Funds, the VictoryShares ETFs, and the USAA 529 College Savings Plan managed by Victory Capital.
The Manager and its affiliates do not pay any service, distribution, or administrative fees to financial intermediaries for services provided to the R6 Shares and their shareholders.
Securities Lending
For the most recent fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the following Funds engaged in securities lending activities and paid the following dollar amounts of income and fees and compensation to the securities lending agent related to securities lending activities:
  Extended Market Index Fund 500
Index Fund
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund
Gross income earned by the fund from securities lending activities $960,615 $571,730 $284,889
• Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split $65,705 $34,256 $9,583
• Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in a revenue split - - -
• Administrative fees not included in a revenue split - - -
• Indemnification fees not included in a revenue split - - -
• Rebate (paid to borrower) $304,585 $229,168 $189,059
Aggregate fees/compensation paid by the fund for securities lending activities $370,289 $263,423 $198,642
Net income from securities lending activities $590,326 $308,307 $86,247
    
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  Global Managed Volatility Fund Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund
Gross income earned by the fund from securities lending activities $382,079 $9,691
• Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split $25,041 $291
• Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in a revenue split - -
• Administrative fees not included in a revenue split - -
• Indemnification fees not included in a revenue split - -
• Rebate (paid to borrower) $131,680 $6,788
Aggregate fees/compensation paid by the fund for securities lending activities $156,721 $7,079
Net income from securities lending activities $225,358 $2,614
The types of securities lending services provided to the Funds by the securities lending agent include:
•    Negotiating loan terms with borrowers;
•    Collecting from borrowers and holding cash, securities or other financial instruments that will serve as collateral for the loans;
•    Investing cash collateral in accordance with the Fund's instructions and entering into any agreements as required for the investment of collateral;
•    Marking to market non-cash collateral by reference to information provided by recognized pricing services;
•    Managing qualified dividends;
•    Collecting or arranging for the collection of any interest, dividends or other distributions or other payments of any kind with respect to the loans;
•    Terminating or modifying the loans at any time or when directed by the Funds;
•    Arranging for the return of loaned securities to the Funds at loan termination; and
•    Recordkeeping and providing periodic reports to the Funds.
Portfolio Manager Disclosure
USAA INVESTMENTS, A Victory Capital Investment Franchise
Other Accounts Managed
The following table sets forth the accounts for which the Funds' portfolio managers were primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management as of the fiscal period ended December 31, 2019.
  Number of Other Accounts Managed
and Assets by Account Type
  Number of Accounts and Assets for Which
Advisory Fee is Performance-Based
Name of Portfolio Manager Registered
Investment
Companies
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
Other Pooled
Investment
Vehicles
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
Other
Accounts
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
  Registered
Investment
Companies
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
Other Pooled
Investment
Vehicles
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
Other
Accounts
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund
Brian Smith

6 / $15,590 - -   4 / $15,143 - -
Doug Rollwitz

2 / $3,105 - -   2 / $3,105 - -
Neal Graves*

12 / $22,693 - -   6 / $17,442 - -
James Jackson Jr.*

12 / $22,692 - -   6 / $17,442 - -
* The portfolio manager began managing the indicated Fund on July 1, 2019.
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The following benchmarks will be used to measure the portfolio managers’ performance for the USAA funds they manage:
Portfolio Manager Fund Benchmark(s)
Brian Smith

Ultra Short-Term Bond Lipper Ultra Short Obligation Funds Index
Doug Rollwitz

Ultra Short-Term Bond Lipper Ultra Short Obligation Funds Index
R. Neal Graves

Ultra Short-Term Bond Lipper Ultra Short Obligation Funds Index
James F. Jackson Jr.

Ultra Short-Term Bond Lipper Ultra Short Obligation Funds Index
Portfolio Ownership: As of the fiscal period ended December 31, 2019, the portfolio managers beneficially owned shares of the Funds they managed as follows:
Portfolio Manager Fund Dollar Range
Brian Smith

Ultra Short-Term Bond $100,001-$500,000
Doug Rollwitz

Ultra Short-Term Bond $10,001-$50,000
R. Neal Graves

Ultra Short-Term Bond $500,001-$1,000,000
James F. Jackson Jr.

Ultra Short-Term Bond $10,001-$50,000
Victory Solutions
Other Accounts Managed
The following table sets forth the accounts for which the Funds' portfolio managers were primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management as of December 31, 2019.
  Number of Other Accounts Managed
and Assets by Account Type
  Number of Accounts and Assets for Which
Advisory Fee is Performance-Based
Name of Portfolio Manager Registered
Investment
Companies
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
Other Pooled
Investment
Vehicles
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
Other Accounts
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
  Registered
Investment
Companies
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
Other Pooled
Investment
Vehicles
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
Other Accounts
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
Extended Market Index Fund              
Mannik Dhillon*

58 / $48,382.00 4 / $210.03 2 / $294.57   15 / $21,112.45 -- --
Wasif Latif*

36 / $44,518.56 -- 1 / $280.20   15 / $21,112.45 -- --
500 Index Fund              
Mannik Dhillon*

58 / $48,382.00 4 / $210.03 2 / $294.57   15 / $21,112.45 -- --
Wasif Latif*

36 / $44,518.56 -- 1 / $280.20   15 / $21,112.45 -- --
Nasdaq-100 Index Fund              
Mannik Dhillon*

58 / $48,382.00 4 / $210.03 2 / $294.57   15 / $21,112.45 -- --
Wasif Latif*

36 / $44,518.56 -- 1 / $280.20   15 / $21,112.45 -- --
Global Managed Volatility Fund              
Mannik Dhillon*

58 / $48,382.00 4 / $210.03 2 / $294.57   15 / $21,112.45 -- --
Wasif Latif

36 / $44,518.56 -- 1 / $280.20   15 / $21,112.45 -- --
Lance Humphrey

20 / $12,143.09 -- --   2 / $97.37 -- --
* The portfolio manager began co-managing the indicated Fund on July 1, 2019.
The following benchmarks will be used to measure the portfolio managers’ performance for the USAA Funds they manage:
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Portfolio Manager Fund Benchmark(s)
Mannik Dhillon

Global Managed Volatility Bond Global Managed Volatility Composite Index
  Extended Market Index Dow Jones U.S. Completion Total Stock Market Index
  500 Index Victory US Large 500 Cap Index
Wasif Latif

Global Managed Volatility Bond Global Managed Volatility Composite Index
  Extended Market Index Dow Jones U.S. Completion Total Stock Market Index
  500 Index Victory US Large 500 Cap Index
Lance Humphrey

Global Managed Volatility Bond Global Managed Volatility Composite Index
Portfolio Ownership: As of the fiscal period ended December 31, 2019, the portfolio managers beneficially owned shares of the Funds they managed as follows:
Portfolio Manager Fund Dollar Range
Mannik Dhillon

Global Managed Volatility None
  500 Index None
  Extended Market Index None
  Nasdaq-100 None
Lance Humphrey

Global Managed Volatility None
Wasif Latif

Global Managed Volatility $0-$10,000
  500 Index None
  Extended Market Index None
  Nasdaq-100 None
Conflicts of Interest
The Manager’s portfolio managers are often responsible for managing one or more Funds as well as other accounts, such as separate accounts, and other pooled investment vehicles, such as collective trust funds or unregistered hedge funds. A portfolio manager may manage other accounts which have materially higher fee arrangements than a Fund and may, in the future, manage other accounts which have a performance-based fee. A portfolio manager also may make personal investments in accounts he or she manages or supports. The side-by-side management of the Funds along with other accounts may raise potential conflicts of interest by incenting a portfolio manager to direct a disproportionate amount of: (1) their attention; (2) limited investment opportunities, such as less liquid securities or initial public offering; and/or (3) desirable trade allocations to such other accounts. In addition, certain trading practices, such as cross-trading between Funds or between a Fund and another account, raise conflict of interest issues. The Manager has adopted numerous compliance policies and procedures, including a Code of Ethics, and brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures, which seek to address the conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition, the Manager has a designated Chief Compliance Officer (selected in accordance with the federal securities laws) and compliance staff whose activities are focused on monitoring the activities of the Manager’s investment franchises and employees in order to detect and address potential and actual conflicts of interest. However, there can be no assurance that the Manager’s compliance program will achieve its intended result.
Compensation
The Manager has designed the structure of its portfolio managers’ compensation to (1) align portfolio managers’ interests with those of the Manager’s clients with an emphasis on long-term, risk-adjusted investment performance, (2) help the Manager attract and retain high-quality investment professionals, and (3) contribute to the Manager’s overall financial success. Each of the portfolio managers receives a base salary plus an annual incentive bonus for managing a Fund, separate accounts, other investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts (including any accounts for which the Manager receives a performance fee) (together, “Accounts”). A portfolio manager’s base salary is dependent on the portfolio manager’s level of experience and expertise. The Manager monitors each portfolio manager’s base salary relative to salaries paid for similar positions with peer firms by reviewing data provided by various independent, third-party consultants that specialize in competitive salary information. Such data, however, is not considered to be a definitive benchmark.
Members of the Manager’s Victory Solutions platform may earn incentive compensation based on the performance of the Victory Solutions platform. Members of the Manager’s other investment franchises may earn incentive compensation based on a percentage of the Manager’s revenue attributable to fees paid by Accounts managed by that team. The chief investment officer or a senior member of the team, in coordination with the Manager, determines the allocation of the incentive compensation earned by the team among the
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team’s portfolio managers by establishing a “target” incentive for each portfolio manager based on the portfolio manager’s level of experience and expertise in the portfolio manager’s investment style. Individual performance is based on objectives established annually using performance metrics such as portfolio structure and positioning, research, stock selection, asset growth, client retention, presentation skills, marketing to prospective clients and contribution to the Manager’s philosophy and values, such as leadership, risk management and teamwork. The annual incentive bonus also factors in individual investment performance of each portfolio manager’s portfolio or Fund relative to a selected peer group(s). The overall performance results for a portfolio manager are based on the composite performance of all Accounts managed by that manager on a combination of one-, three-, and five-year rolling performance periods as compared to the performance information of a peer group of similarly-managed competitors.
The Manager’s portfolio managers may participate in the equity ownership plan of the Manager’s parent company. There is an ongoing annual equity pool granted to certain employees based on their contribution to the firm. Eligibility for participation in these incentive programs depends on the manager’s performance and seniority.
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure
The Trust’s Board has adopted a policy on selective disclosure of portfolio holdings. The Trust’s policy is to protect the confidentiality of each USAA Fund’s portfolio holdings and prevent the selective disclosure of material non-public information about the identity of such holdings. To prevent the selective disclosure of portfolio holdings of the USAA Funds, the general policy of the USAA Funds is not to disclose any portfolio holdings of the USAA Funds, other than the portfolio holdings filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR (i.e., annual and semiannual reports) and Form N-PORT (i.e., fund portfolio holdings reports), and any portfolio holdings made available on usaa.com. This general policy shall not apply, however, in the following instances:
•    Where the person to whom the disclosure is made owes a fiduciary or other duty of trust or confidence to the USAA Fund (e.g., auditors, attorneys, and Access Persons under the Victory Capital Code of Ethics);
•    Where the person has a valid reason to have access to the portfolio holdings information and has agreed not to disclose or misuse the information (e.g., custodians, accounting agents, securities lending agents, subadvisers, rating agencies, mutual fund evaluation services, such as Lipper, Inc. and proxy voting agents);
•    As disclosed in this SAI; and
•    As required by law or a regulatory body.
If portfolio holdings are released pursuant to an ongoing arrangement with any party that owes a fiduciary or other duty of trust or confidence to the USAA Fund or has a valid reason to have access to the portfolio holdings information and has agreed not to disclose or misuse the information, the USAA Fund must have a legitimate business purpose for doing so, and neither the USAA Fund, nor the Manager or its affiliates, may receive any compensation in connection with an arrangement to make available information about the USAA Fund’s portfolio holdings. If the applicable conditions set forth above are satisfied, a USAA Fund may distribute portfolio holdings to mutual fund evaluation services such as Lipper and broker-dealers that may be used by the USAA Fund, for the purpose of efficient trading and receipt of relevant research. In providing this information to broker-dealers, reasonable precautions are taken to avoid any potential misuse of the disclosed information.
Each USAA Fund also may disclose any and all portfolio information to its service providers and others who generally need access to such information in the performance of their contractual duties and responsibilities and are subject to duties of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on non-public information, imposed by law and/or agreement. Each USAA Fund may provide portfolio holdings information to the following affiliates, subadvisers, vendors, broker-dealers and service providers: (1) certain affiliated entities with common systems access; (2) subadvisers to series of the Trust; (3) custodians and tax service providers (e.g., Citibank, N.A.); (4) securities lending agents (e.g., Citibank); (5) proxy voting and class action filing agents (ISS); (6) trade analytic consultants (e.g., Markit); (7) financial statement service providers (e.g., V.G. Reed & Sons, Inc., Toppan Merrill, and Donnelley Financial Solutions); (8) certain mutual fund evaluation service providers (e.g., Lipper, Inc., Morningstar, Inc., Factset, Bloomberg Finance LP); (9) pricing vendors (e.g., S& P, JJ Kenney & Co., Thompson Financial/Reuters, ValueLine, Yield Book, and IDC) and (10) platform vendors, ICE Data Pricing & Reference Data LLC (“ICE”), (e.g., Charles River and Sungard (Dataware Solutions)) as well as certain other individuals that owe the Trust a duty of trust and confidence including fund counsel, internal audit, independent auditors, identified nationally recognized statistical rating organizations and executing broker dealers.
Any person or entity that does not have a previously approved ongoing arrangement to receive non-public portfolio holdings information and seeks a USAA Fund’s portfolio holdings information that (i) has not been filed with the SEC, or (ii) is not available on usaa.com, must submit its request in writing to the USAA Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), or USAA Funds Legal Counsel, or their designee(s), who will make a determination whether disclosure of such portfolio holdings may be made and whether the relevant Fund needs to make any related disclosure in its SAI. A report will be made to the Board at each quarterly meeting about
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(i) any determinations made by the CCO or USAA Funds Legal Counsel, pursuant to the procedures set forth in this paragraph, and (ii) any violations of the portfolio holdings policy.
Each Fund intends to post its annual and semiannual reports and quarterly schedules of portfolio holdings on usaa.com (which typically occurs approximately 60 days after the end of each fiscal quarter). Each Fund intends to post its quarterly portfolio holdings on usaa.com (which typically occurs approximately 15 calendar days after each calendar quarter and five days in the case of money market funds). In addition, each Fund intends to post its top 10 holdings on usaa.com 10 days following the end of each month. Effective April 30, 2019, the Funds ceased disclosing their holdings on Form N-Q. Monthly portfolio disclosures are now filed with the SEC on Form N-PORT. Information reported on Form N-PORT for the third month of each Fund’s fiscal quarter will be made publicly available 60 days after the end of the Fund’s fiscal quarter.
Approximately 31 days after the end of each month, each Fund’s portfolio holdings will be delivered to certain independent evaluation and reporting services such as Bloomberg, S&P, and Morningstar.
For the last month of each quarter, after each Fund's top holdings are made available on usaa.com, this information will be delivered to certain independent evaluation and reporting services such as Lipper, S&P, Thomson Financial, and Value Line.
In order to address potential conflicts of interest between the interests of each USAA Fund’s shareholders, on the one hand, and the interests of the USAA Funds’ Manager, principal underwriter, or certain affiliated persons, on the other, the USAA Funds have adopted the policies described above (i) prohibiting the receipt of compensation in connection with an arrangement to make available information about each USAA Fund’s portfolio holdings and (ii) requiring certain requests for non-public portfolio holdings information to be approved by the CCO or USAA Funds Legal Counsel, and then reported to the Board, including the Independent Trustees.
General Information
Counsel
K&L Gates LLP, 1601 K Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, reviews certain legal matters for the Trust in connection with the shares offered by the prospectuses.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young LLP, 111 West Houston Street, Suite 1901, San Antonio, Texas 78205, is the independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds. In this capacity, the firm is responsible for the audits of the annual financial statements of each Fund.
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Appendix A – Long-Term and Short-Term Debt Ratings
1. Long-Term Debt Ratings:
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (Moody’s)
Aaa Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess speculative characteristics.
Ba Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative, of poor standing, and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal and interest.
Note: Moody’s applies numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 in each generic rating classification. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category, the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking, and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
S&P Global Ratings (S&P)
AAA An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligation only in small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters to pay interest and repay principal. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
  Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
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CC An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC’ rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C An obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.
D An obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the 'D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The 'D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to 'D' if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from “AA to CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
Fitch Ratings Inc. (Fitch)
AAA Highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA Very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote a very low expectation of credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A High credit quality. “A” ratings denote a low expectation of credit risk. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB Good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of default are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB Speculative. “BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists that supports the servicing of financial commitments.
B Highly speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC Substantial credit risk. Default is a real possibility.
CC Very high levels of credit risk. Default of some kind appears probable.
C Near default. A default or default-like process has begun, or the issuer is in standstill, or for a closed funding vehicle, payment capacity is irrevocably impaired. Conditions that are indicative of a ‘C’ category rating for an issuer include:
  a. the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation;
  b. the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation;
  c. the formal announcement by the issuer or its agent of a distressed debt exchange;
  d. a closed financing vehicle where payment capacity is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default is imminent.
RD Restricted Default. 'RD' ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch’s opinion has experienced:
  a. an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation, but
  b. has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation, or other formal winding-up procedure, and
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  c. has not otherwise ceased operating.
  This would include:
  i. the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt;
  ii. the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation;
  iii. the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; and
  iv. ordinary execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.
D Default. “D” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch’s opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation, or other formal winding-up procedure or that has otherwise ceased business.
Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
2. Short-Term Debt Ratings:
Moody’s Municipal Obligations
MIG 1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, high reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Moody’s Demand Obligations
VMIG 1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
Moody’s Corporate and Government
Prime-1 Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions) have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
Prime-2 Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
Prime-3 Issuers rated Prime-3 (or supporting institutions) have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
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NP Not Prime. Issues do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
S&P Municipal
SP-1 Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2 Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3 Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
S&P Corporate and Government
A-1 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Fitch
F1 Highest credit quality. Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2 Good credit quality. A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.
F3 Fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near-term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade.
B Speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C High default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
D Default. Denotes actual or imminent payment default
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Victory Capital means Victory Capital Management Inc., the investment manager of the USAA Mutual Funds. USAA Mutual Funds are distributed by Victory Capital Advisers, Inc., a broker dealer registered with FINRA and an affiliate of Victory Capital.  Victory Capital and its affiliates are not affiliated with United Services Automobile Association or its affiliates. USAA and the USAA logos are registered trademarks and the USAA Mutual Funds and USAA Investments logos are trademarks of United Services Automobile Association and are being used by Victory Capital and its affiliates under license.
28083-0520
84
USAA MUTUAL FUNDS TRUST
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
MAY 1, 2020
USAA TARGET RETIREMENT INCOME FUND (URINX)
USAA TARGET RETIREMENT 2020 FUND (URTNX)
USAA TARGET RETIREMENT 2030 FUND (URTRX)
USAA TARGET RETIREMENT 2040 FUND (URFRX)
USAA TARGET RETIREMENT 2050 FUND (URFFX)
USAA TARGET RETIREMENT 2060 FUND (URSIX)
 
USAA MUTUAL FUNDS TRUST (the “Trust”) is an open-end management investment company offering shares of 47 mutual funds, six of which are described in this statement of additional information (“SAI”). This SAI is not a prospectus and contains information in addition to, and more detailed than, that set forth in the Funds’ prospectus. It is intended to provide you with additional information regarding the activities and operations of the Trust and the Funds and should be read in conjunction with the Funds’ prospectus. You may obtain a free copy of the prospectus dated May 1, 2020, for the Funds by writing to USAA Mutual Funds Trust, PO Box 182593, Columbus, OH 43218-2593, or by calling toll free (800) 235-8396. The prospectus provides the basic information you should know before investing in a Fund.
The financial statement for each Fund and the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Report thereon for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, are included in the Funds’ annual report to shareholders of that date and are incorporated herein by reference. The annual report to shareholders is available, without charge, by writing or calling the Trust at the above address or toll-free phone number.
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Valuation of Securities
Effective July 1, 2019, Victory Capital Management Inc. (“Victory Capital” or “Manager”) serves as the Manager of the Funds, and Victory Capital Advisers, Inc. (“VCA” or “Distributor”) serves as the distributor of the Funds' shares on a continuing, best-efforts basis. Prior to July 1, 2019, USAA Asset Management Company (“AMCO” or “Predecessor Manager”) served as the manager of the Funds and USAA Investment Management Company served as the distributor of the Funds' shares.
A Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share is calculated each day, Monday through Friday, except days on which the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is closed. The NYSE currently is scheduled to be closed on New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, and Christmas, and on the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when one of these holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively. Each Fund reserves the right to calculate the NAV per share on a business day that the NYSE is closed.
The Adviser has established the Pricing and Liquidity Committee (the “Committee”); and subject to the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) oversight, the Committee administers and oversees each Fund’s valuation policies and procedures, which are approved by the Board. Among other things, these policies and procedures allow a Fund to use independent pricing services, quotations from securities dealers, and a wide variety of sources and information to establish and adjust the fair value of securities as events occur and circumstances warrant.
The Committee reports to the Board on a quarterly basis and makes recommendations to the Board as to pricing methodologies and services used by each Fund and presents additional information to the Board regarding application of the pricing and fair valuation policies and procedures during the preceding quarter.
The Committee meets as often as necessary to make pricing and fair value determinations. In addition, the Committee holds regular monthly meetings to review prior actions taken by the Committee and the Manager. Among other things, these monthly meetings include a review and analysis of backtesting reports, pricing service quotation comparisons, illiquid securities and fair value determinations, pricing movements, and stale price monitoring.
The value of securities of each Fund is determined by one or more of the following methods:
Equity securities, including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”), and equity-linked structured notes, except as otherwise noted, traded primarily on domestic securities exchanges or the over-the-counter markets, are valued at the last sales price or official closing price on the exchange or primary market on which they trade. Equity securities traded primarily on foreign securities exchanges or markets are valued at the last quoted sale price, or the most recently determined official closing price calculated according to local market convention, available at the time a Fund is valued. If no last sale or official closing price is reported or available, the average of the closing bid price generally is used for U.S. listed equities and the average of the bid and ask prices generally is used for foreign listed equities.
Securities trading in various foreign markets may take place on days when the NYSE is closed. Further, when the NYSE is open, the foreign markets may be closed. Therefore, the calculation of a Fund’s NAV may not take place at the same time the price of certain foreign securities held by a Fund is determined. In many cases, events affecting the values of foreign securities that occur between the time of their last quoted sale or official closing price and the close of normal trading on the NYSE on a day a Fund’s NAV is calculated will not need to be reflected in the value of a Fund’s foreign securities. However, the Manager and, if applicable, the Subadviser(s) will monitor for events that would materially affect the value of a Fund’s foreign securities. The Subadviser(s) have agreed to notify the Manager of significant events they identify that may materially affect the value of a Fund’s foreign securities. If the Manager determines that a particular event would materially affect the value of a Fund’s foreign securities, then the Manager, under valuation procedures approved by the Board, will consider such available information that it deems relevant to determine a fair value for the affected foreign securities. In addition, a Fund may use information from an external vendor or other sources to adjust the foreign market closing prices of foreign equity securities to reflect what the Fund believes to be the fair value of the securities as of the close of the NYSE. Fair valuation of affected foreign equity securities may occur frequently based on an assessment that events which occur on a fairly regular basis (such as U.S. market movements) are significant.
Debt securities are valued each business day by a pricing service (the “Service”) approved by the Board. The Service uses evaluated bid or the last sales price to value a security when, in the Service’s judgment, these prices are readily available and are representative of the security’s market values. For many securities, such prices are not readily available. The Service generally prices those securities based on methods that include consideration of yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon maturity, and type; indications as to values from dealers in securities; and general market conditions.
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Short-term securities with original or remaining maturities of 60 days or less may be valued at amortized cost, provided that it is determined that amortized cost represents the fair value of such securities. The Fund has adopted policies and procedures under which the Committee, subject to supervision by the Board, monitors the continued appropriateness of amortized cost valuations for such securities. Repurchase agreements are valued at cost.
Investments in open-end investment companies, commingled, or other funds, other than ETFs, are valued at their NAV at the end of each business day. Futures contracts are valued at the settlement price on the principal exchange on which they are traded or, in the absence of any transactions that day, the values are based upon the settlement price on the prior trading date. Options contracts are valued at the mean between the last bid and ask prices. Options on futures are valued at the settlement price determined by the applicable exchange.
In the event that price quotations or valuations are not readily available, are not reflective of market value, or a significant event has been recognized in relation to a security or class of securities, the securities are valued in good faith by the Committee in accordance with valuation procedures approved by the Board. The effect of fair value pricing is that securities may not be priced on the basis of quotations from the primary market in which they are traded and the actual price realized from the sale of a security may differ materially from the fair value price. Valuing these securities at fair value is intended to cause a Fund’s NAV to be more reliable than it otherwise would be.
Fair value methods used by the Manager include, but are not limited to, obtaining market quotations from secondary pricing services, broker-dealers, other pricing services, or widely used quotation systems. General factors considered in determining the fair value of securities include fundamental analytical data, the nature and duration of any restrictions on disposition of the securities, evaluation of credit quality, and an evaluation of the forces that influenced the market in which the securities are purchased and sold.
Conditions of Purchase and Redemption
Nonpayment
If any order to purchase shares directly from the Trust is canceled due to nonpayment or if the Trust does not receive good funds by check or electronic funds transfer, Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc. (“Transfer Agent”), formerly known as USAA Transfer Agency Company d/b/a USAA Shareholder Account Services, will treat the cancellation as a redemption of shares purchased, and you may be responsible for any resulting loss incurred by the Fund or the Manager. If you hold shares in an account with the Transfer Agent, the Transfer Agent can redeem shares from any of your account(s) with the Transfer Agent as reimbursement for all losses. In addition, you may be prohibited or restricted from making future purchases in other funds sponsored or managed by Victory Capital. A $29 fee is charged for all returned items, including checks and electronic funds transfers.
Transfer of Shares
Under certain circumstances, you may transfer Fund shares to another person by sending written instructions to the Transfer Agent. The account must be clearly identified, and you must include the number of shares to be transferred and the signatures of all registered owners. You also need to send written instructions signed by all registered owners and supporting documents to change an account registration due to events such as marriage or death. If a new account needs to be established, you must complete and return an application to the Transfer Agent.
Confirmations and Account Statements
Fund shareholders will receive a confirmation for each purchase, redemption, exchange, or share conversion transacted in their account. However, confirmations will not be sent for all dividend and capital gain distribution reinvestments and purchases through certain automatic investment plans and certain retirement plans, as well as certain automatic exchanges and withdrawals (excluding those in money market funds). These transactions will be confirmed at least quarterly on shareholder account statements.
Additional Information Regarding Redemption of Shares
The value of your investment at the time of redemption of your shares may be more or less than the cost at purchase, depending on the value of the securities held in each Fund’s portfolio. Requests for redemption that are subject to any special conditions or that specify an effective date other than as provided herein cannot be accepted. A gain or loss for federal income tax purposes may be realized on the redemption of shares of a Fund, depending upon their aggregate NAV when redeemed and your basis in those shares for those purposes.
Shares of a Fund may be offered to other investment companies that are structured as funds-of-funds, to institutional investors, to financial intermediaries, and to other large investors (e.g., managed account programs offered by affiliated and unaffiliated investment
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advisers). These investors may, from time to time, own or control a significant percentage of a Fund’s shares. Accordingly, each Fund is subject to the potential for large-scale inflows and outflows as a result of purchases and redemptions by large investors in the Fund. These inflows and outflows may be frequent and could increase a Fund’s expense ratio, transaction costs, and taxable capital gain distributions (of net gains realized on the liquidation of portfolio securities to meet redemption requests), which could negatively affect the Fund’s performance and could cause shareholders to be subject to higher federal income tax with respect to their investments in the Fund. These inflows and outflows also could limit the Manager's ability to manage investments of a Fund in an efficient manner, which could adversely impact the Fund's performance and its ability to meet its investment objective. For example, after a large inflow, a Fund may hold a higher level of cash than it might hold under normal circumstances while the Manager seeks appropriate investment opportunities for the Fund. In addition, large inflows and outflows may limit the ability of a Fund to meet redemption requests and pay redemption proceeds within the time period stated in its prospectus because of unusual market conditions, an unusually high volume of redemption requests, or other reasons, and could cause a Fund to purchase or sell securities when it would not normally do so, which would be particularly disadvantageous for a Fund if it needs to sell securities at a time of volatility in the markets, when values could be falling.
Shares normally are redeemed in cash, although each Fund reserves the right to redeem some or all of its shares in kind by delivering securities from a Fund’s portfolio of investments, rather than cash, under unusual circumstances or in order to protect the interests of remaining shareholders. Securities distributed in kind would be valued for this purpose using the same method employed in calculating a Fund’s NAV. If a Fund redeems your shares in kind, you may bear transaction costs and will bear market risks until such securities are converted into cash.
Accounts held with the Transfer Agent with a balance of less than $500 may be subject to automatic redemption, provided that (1) the value of the account has been reduced, below the minimum initial investment in such Fund at the time the account was established, for reasons other than market action, (2) the account has remained below the minimum level for six months, and (3) 30 days’ prior written notice of the proposed redemption has been sent to you. The Trust anticipates closing certain small accounts yearly. Shares will be redeemed at the NAV on the date fixed for redemption. Prompt payment will be made directly to your bank account on file, or if none, by mail to your last known address.
The Trust reserves the right to suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment (1) for any periods during which the NYSE is closed, (2) when trading in the markets the Trust normally uses is restricted, or an emergency exists as determined by the SEC so that disposal of the Trust’s investments or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable, or (3) for such other periods as the SEC by order may permit for protection of the Trust’s shareholders.
For the mutual protection of the investor and the Funds, the Trust may require a signature guarantee. If required, each signature on the account registration must be guaranteed. Signature guarantees are acceptable from FDIC member banks, brokers, dealers, municipal securities dealers, municipal securities brokers, government securities dealers, government securities brokers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies, and savings associations. A signature guarantee for active duty military personnel stationed abroad may be provided by an officer of the United States Embassy or Consulate, a staff officer of the Judge Advocate General, or an individual’s commanding officer.
Excessive Short-Term Trading
The USAA family of funds generally are not intended as short-term investment vehicles (except for the money market funds, Short-Term Bond Fund, Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and Tax Exempt Short-Term Fund). Some investors try to profit by using excessive short-term trading practices involving mutual fund shares, frequently referred to as “market timing.”
Excessive short-term trading activity can disrupt the efficient management of a fund and raise its transaction costs by forcing portfolio managers to first buy and then sell portfolio securities in response to a large investment by short-term traders. While there is no assurance that the affiliated Funds can deter all excessive and short-term trading, the Board has adopted the following policies (except for the money market funds, Short-Term Bond Fund, Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and Tax Exempt Short-Term Fund). These policies are designed to deter disruptive, excessive short-term trading without needlessly penalizing bona fide investors.
To deter such trading activities, the affiliated Funds’ policies and procedures include:
•    Each Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order, including an exchange, that it regards as disruptive to the efficient management of the particular fund.
•    Each Fund may use a fair value pricing service or other model to assist in establishing the current value of foreign securities held by any of the affiliated Funds. Fair value pricing is used to adjust for stale pricing, which may occur between the close of certain foreign exchanges or markets and the time the affiliated Funds calculate their NAV per share. Using fair value pricing is intended to deter those trying to take advantage of time-zone differences in the valuation of foreign securities and to prevent
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dilution to long-term investors. Fair value pricing of a foreign security can result in the affiliated Funds using a price that is higher or lower than the closing price of a foreign security for purposes of calculating a fund’s NAV.
Funds' Right to Reject Purchase and Exchange Orders and Limit Trading in Accounts
The main safeguard of the Funds and each series of the Trust (together, the “Affiliated Funds”) against excessive short-term trading is their right to reject purchase or exchange orders if in the best interest of the affected Fund. In exercising this discretion to reject purchase and exchange orders, the Affiliated Funds deem that certain excessive short-term trading activities are not in the best interest of the affected Fund because such activities can hamper the efficient management of the Fund. Generally, persons who engage in an “in and out” (or “out and in”) transaction within a 30-day period will violate the Affiliated Funds’ policy if they engage in another “in and out” (or “out and in”) transaction in the same Fund within 90 days. The Affiliated Funds also reserve the right to restrict future purchases or exchanges if an investor is classified as engaged in other patterns of excessive short-term trading, including after one large disruptive purchase and redemption or exchange. Finally, each Fund reserves the right to reject any other purchase or exchange order in other situations that do not involve excessive short-term trading activities if in the best interest of the Fund.
The following transactions are exempt from the excessive short-term trading activity policies described above:
•    Transactions in the money market funds, Short-Term Bond Fund, Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and Tax Exempt Short-Term Fund;
•    Purchases and sales pursuant to automatic investment or withdrawal plans;
•    Purchases and sales made through USAA 529 College Savings PlanTM;
•    Purchases and sales by the Target Retirement Funds, Cornerstone Conservative Fund, and/or Cornerstone Equity Fund; and
•    Other transactions that are not motivated by short-term trading considerations if they are approved by Transfer Agent management personnel and are not disruptive to a Fund.
If a person is classified as having engaged in excessive short-term trading, the remedy will depend upon the trading activities of the investor in the account and related accounts and its disruptive effect, and can include warnings to cease such activity and/or restrictions or termination of trading privileges in a particular Affiliated Fund or all of the Affiliated Funds.
The Affiliated Funds rely on the Transfer Agent to review trading activity for excessive short-term trading. There can be no assurance, however, that its monitoring activities will successfully detect or prevent all excessive short-term trading. The Affiliated Funds or the Transfer Agent may exclude transactions below a certain dollar amount from monitoring and may change that dollar amount from time to time.
The Affiliated Funds seek to apply these policies and procedures uniformly to all investors; however, some investors purchase shares of Affiliated Funds through financial intermediaries that establish omnibus accounts to invest in the Affiliated Funds for their clients and submit net orders to purchase or redeem shares after combining their client orders. The Affiliated Funds subject to short-term trading policies generally treat each omnibus account as an individual investor and will apply the short-term trading policies to the net purchases and sales submitted by the omnibus account unless the Affiliated Funds or their Transfer Agent have entered into an agreement requiring the omnibus account to submit the underlying trading information for their clients upon our request and/or monitor for excessive trading. For those omnibus accounts for which we have entered into agreements to monitor excessive trading or provide underlying trade information, the financial intermediary or Affiliated Funds will review net activity in these omnibus accounts for activity that indicates potential, excessive short-term trading activity. If we detect suspicious trading activity at the omnibus account level, we will request underlying trading information and review the underlying trading activity to identify individual accounts engaged in excessive short-term trading activity. We will instruct the omnibus account to restrict, limit, or terminate trading privileges in a particular Affiliated Fund for individual accounts identified as engaging in excessive short-term trading through these omnibus accounts.
We also may rely on the financial intermediary to review and identify underlying trading activity for individual accounts engaged in excessive short-term trading activity, and to restrict, limit, or terminate trading privileges if we determine the intermediary’s policies to be at least as stringent as the Affiliated Funds’ policy. For shares purchased through financial intermediaries, there may be additional or more restrictive policies. You may wish to contact your financial intermediary to determine the policies applicable to your account.
Because of the increased costs to review underlying trading information, the Affiliated Funds will not enter into agreements with every financial intermediary that operates an omnibus account. The Affiliated Funds or their Transfer Agent could decide to enter into such contracts with financial intermediaries for all Funds or particular Funds, and can terminate such agreements at any time.
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Investment Plans
Under certain circumstances, the Trust makes available the following investment plans to shareholders of the Funds. At the time you sign up for any of the following investment plans that use the electronic funds transfer service, you will choose the day of the month (the “Effective Date”) on which you would like to regularly purchase shares. When this day falls on a weekend or holiday, the electronic transfer will take place on the last business day prior to the Effective Date. You may terminate your participation in a plan at any time. Please call the Manager for details and necessary forms or applications or sign up online at usaa.com. Effective on or about July 6, 2020, all online information will be on vcm.com.
Automatic Purchase of Shares
InvesTronic® – The regular purchase of additional shares through electronic funds transfer from a checking or savings account. You may invest as little as $50 per transaction.
Automatic Transfer Plan – The periodic transfer of funds from a USAA money market fund to purchase shares in another non-money market USAA mutual fund. There is a minimum investment required for this program of $5,000 in the money market fund, with a monthly transaction minimum of $50.
Buy/Sell Service – The intermittent purchase or redemption of shares through electronic funds transfer to or from a checking or savings account. You may initiate a “buy” or “sell” whenever you choose.
Directed Dividends – If you own shares in more than one of the funds in the USAA family of funds, you may direct that dividends and/or capital gain distributions received from one fund be used to purchase shares automatically in the same class of another of those funds.
Participation in these automatic purchase plans allows you to engage in dollar-cost averaging.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
If you own shares in a single investment account (accounts in different USAA Funds cannot be aggregated for this purpose), you may request that enough shares to produce a fixed amount of money be liquidated from the account monthly, quarterly, or annually. The amount of each withdrawal must be at least $50. Using the electronic funds transfer service, you may choose to have withdrawals electronically deposited at your bank or other financial institution. You also may elect to have such withdrawals invested in another USAA Fund.
This plan may be initiated on usaa.com or by completing a Systematic Withdrawal Plan application, which may be requested from the Manager. You may terminate participation in the plan at any time. You are not charged for withdrawals under the Systematic Withdrawal Plan. The Trust will not bear any expenses in administering the plan beyond the regular Transfer Agent and custodian costs of issuing and redeeming shares. The Manager will bear any additional expenses of administering the plan.
Withdrawals will be made by redeeming full and fractional shares on the date you select at the time the plan is established. Withdrawal payments made under this plan may exceed dividends and other distributions and, to that extent, would reduce the dollar value of your investment and could eventually exhaust the account. Reinvesting dividends and other distributions helps replenish the account. Because share values and net investment income can fluctuate, you should not expect withdrawals to be offset by rising income or share value gains. Withdrawals that exceed the value in your account will be processed for the amount available, and the plan will be canceled.
Each redemption of shares of a Fund may result in realization of a gain or loss, which must be reported on your federal income tax return. Therefore, you should keep an accurate record of any gain or loss realized on each withdrawal.
Tax-Deferred Retirement Plans
Federal tax on distributions may be deferred if you hold shares of a Fund through certain types of retirement programs. For your convenience, the Manager offers 403(b)(7) accounts and various forms of individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”). You may make investments in one or any combination of the Funds described in the prospectuses of the Trust (excluding any Fund that distributes tax-exempt-interest dividends).
Applications for the IRA and 403(b)(7) programs should be sent directly to Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc., P.O. Box 182593, Columbus, OH 43218-2593. Applications for these retirement accounts received by the Manager will be forwarded to the Custodian for acceptance.
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An administrative fee of $20 is deducted from the money sent to you after closing an account. Exceptions to the fee are: partial distributions and distributions due to disability or death. This charge is subject to change as provided in the various agreements. There may be additional charges, as mutually agreed upon between you and the Custodian, for further services requested of the Custodian.
You may obtain detailed information about the accounts from the Manager. Each employer or individual establishing a tax-deferred retirement account also is advised to consult with a tax adviser before establishing the account.
Investment Policies
The sections captioned Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategy in the Funds’ prospectus describe the investment objective(s) and the investment policies applicable to each Fund. There can, of course, be no assurance that each Fund will achieve its investment objective(s). Each Fund’s objective(s) is not a fundamental policy and may be changed upon written notice to, but without the approval of, the Funds’ shareholders. If there is a change in the investment objective of a Fund, the Fund’s shareholders should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment in light of then-current needs.
The following provides more detailed information about the types of instruments in which the underlying Affiliated Funds (“Underlying Funds”) may invest, strategies that may be used in pursuit of the Underlying Funds’ investment objectives, and certain risks the Retirement Funds and the Underlying Funds may be subject to. Each Underlying Fund may not buy all of these instruments or use all of these techniques unless it believes that doing so will help the Underlying Fund achieve its goal. Unless described as a principal investment policy in an Underlying Fund’s prospectus, these represent the non-principal investment policies of the Underlying Funds.
Adjustable-Rate Securities
An Underlying Fund may invest in adjustable-rate securities. The interest rate on an adjustable-rate security fluctuates periodically. Generally, the security’s yield is based on a U.S. dollar-based interest-rate benchmark such as the Federal Funds Rate, the 90-day Treasury bill rate, the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), or the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). The yields on these securities are reset on a periodic basis (for example, daily, weekly, or quarterly) or upon a change in the benchmark interest rate. The yields are closely correlated to changes in money market interest rates.
Asset-Backed Securities
An Underlying Fund may invest in asset-backed securities (“ABS”). ABS represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, a stream of payments generated by particular assets, such as credit card, motor vehicle, or trade receivables. They may be pass-through certificates, which have characteristics very similar to mortgage-backed securities, discussed below. With respect to the Underlying Funds, such pass-through certificates may include equipment trust certificates (“ETC”) secured by specific equipment, such as airplanes and railroad cars. ETC securities also may be enhanced by letters of credit. An ABS also may be in the form of asset-backed commercial paper, which is issued by a special purpose entity, organized solely to issue the commercial paper and to purchase interests in the assets.
The credit quality of ABS depends primarily on the quality of the underlying assets, the rights of recourse available against the underlying assets and/or the issuer, the level of credit enhancement, if any, provided for the securities, and the credit quality of the credit-support provider, if any. To lessen the effect of failures by obligors on underlying assets to make payments, the securities may contain elements of credit support which fall into two categories: (i) liquidity protection and (ii) protection against losses resulting from ultimate default by an obligor on the underlying assets. Liquidity protection refers to the provision of advances, generally by the entity administering the pool of assets, to ensure that the receipt of payments on the underlying pool occurs in a timely fashion. Protection against losses resulting from ultimate default is ensured by payment through insurance policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties. An Underlying Fund will not pay any additional or separate fees for credit support. The degree of credit support provided for each issue is generally based on historical information respecting the level of credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Delinquency or loss in excess of that anticipated or failure of the credit support could adversely affect the return on an investment in such a security. In addition, the risk of default by borrowers is greater during times of rising interest rates and/or unemployment rates and generally is higher in the case of asset pools that include subprime assets.
On occasion, the pool of assets also may include a swap obligation, which is used to change the cash flows on the underlying assets. As an example, a swap may be used to allow floating-rate assets to back a fixed-rate obligation. Credit quality depends primarily on the quality of the underlying assets, the level of credit support, if any, provided by the structure or by a third-party insurance wrap, and the credit quality of the swap counterparty, if any.
ABS may be subject to interest rate risk and prepayment risk. In a period of declining interest rates, borrowers may prepay the underlying assets more quickly than anticipated, thereby reducing the yield to maturity and the average life of the ABS. Moreover, when an Underlying Fund reinvests the proceeds of a prepayment in these circumstances, it will likely receive a rate of interest that is lower than the rate on the security that was prepaid. In a period of rising interest rates, prepayments of the underlying assets may occur at
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a slower than expected rate, creating maturity extension risk. This particular risk may effectively change a security that was considered short or intermediate term at the time of purchase into a longer-term security. Since the value of longer-term securities generally fluctuates more widely in response to changes in interest rates than does the value of shorter-term securities, maturity extension risk could increase the volatility of an Underlying Fund. The weighted average life of such securities is likely to be substantially shorter than their stated final maturity as a result of scheduled principal payments and unscheduled principal prepayments.
Borrowing Money and Issuing Senior Securities
Pursuant to the investment restrictions that have been adopted by the Trust for each Underlying Fund, each Underlying Fund may not issue senior securities, except as permitted under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”). “Senior securities” are defined as any bond, debenture, note, or similar obligation or instrument constituting a security and evidencing indebtedness, and any Underlying Fund obligations that have a priority over the Underlying Fund’s shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of Underlying Fund assets. The 1940 Act prohibits a Underlying Fund from issuing senior securities except that the Underlying Fund may borrow money in amounts of up to one-third (33 1/3%) of the Underlying Fund’s total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings) from banks. Any borrowings that exceed this amount will be reduced within three days (excluding Sundays and holidays) to the extent necessary to comply with the 33 1/3% limitation even if it is not advantageous to sell securities at that time. Borrowings may be used for a variety of purposes, including (i) for temporary or emergency purposes, (ii) in anticipation of or in response to adverse market conditions, (iii) for cash management purposes, and (iv) for investment purposes. Borrowed money will cost a Underlying Fund interest expense and/or other fees. The costs of borrowing may reduce an Underlying Fund’s return. To the extent that an Underlying Fund has outstanding borrowings, it will be leveraged. Leveraging generally exaggerates the effect on NAV of any increase or decrease in the market value of an Underlying Fund’s securities.
Effective July 1, 2019, each Underlying Fund together with other funds of the Trust and Victory Portfolios, Victory Portfolios II, and Victory Variable Insurance Funds, participates in a 364 day committed credit facility and a 364-day uncommitted, demand credit facility with Citibank, N.A. (Citibank). Each such credit facility may be renewed if so agreed by the parties. Under the agreement with Citibank, the Funds may borrow up to $600 million, of which $300 million is committed and $300 million is uncommitted. Of this amount, $40 million of the line of credit is reserved for use by the Victory Floating Rate Fund (a series of Victory Portfolios), with that Fund paying the related commitment fees for that amount. The purpose of the agreement is to meet temporary or emergency cash needs. Citibank receives an annual commitment fee of 0.15%. Each Fund pays a pro-rata portion of this commitment fee plus any interest on amounts borrowed.
Calculations of Dollar-Weighted Average Portfolio Maturity
Dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity is derived by multiplying the value of each debt instrument by the number of days remaining to its maturity, adding these calculations, and then dividing the total by the value of an Underlying Fund’s debt instruments. An obligation’s maturity typically is determined on a stated final maturity basis, although there are some exceptions to this rule.
With respect to obligations held by an Underlying Fund, if it is probable that the issuer of an instrument will take advantage of a maturity-shortening device, such as a call, refunding, or redemption provision, the date on which the instrument will probably be called, refunded, or redeemed may be considered to be its maturity date. Also, the maturities of mortgage-backed securities, some asset-backed securities (“ABS”)and securities subject to sinking fund arrangements are determined on a weighted average life basis, which is the average time for principal to be repaid. For mortgage-backed securities and some ABS, this average time is calculated by assuming prepayment rates of the underlying loans. These prepayment rates can vary depending upon the level and volatility of interest rates. This, in turn, can affect the weighted average life of the security. The weighted average lives of these securities will be shorter than their stated final maturities. In addition, for purposes of an Underlying Fund’s investment policies, an instrument will be treated as having a maturity earlier than its stated maturity date if the instrument has technical features such as puts or demand features that, in the judgment of the Manager, will result in the instrument being valued in the market as though it has the earlier maturity.
Finally, for purposes of calculating the dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity of these Underlying Funds, the maturity of a debt instrument with a periodic interest reset date will be deemed to be the next reset date, rather than the remaining stated maturity of the instrument if, in the judgment of the Manager, the periodic interest reset features will result in the instrument being valued in the market as though it has the earlier maturity.
Commodity-Linked Notes
An Underlying Fund may invest in commodity-linked notes, which are a type of structured note. Commodity-linked notes are privately negotiated structured debt securities indexed to the return of an index such as the Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index Total Return, which is representative of the commodities market. They are available from a limited number of approved counterparties, and all invested amounts are exposed to the dealer’s credit risk. Commodity-linked notes may be leveraged. For example, if an Underlying Fund invests $100 in a three-times leveraged commodity-linked note, it will exchange $100 principal with the dealer to obtain $300 exposure to the commodities market because the value of the note will change by a magnitude of three for every percentage point
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change (positive or negative) in the value of the underlying index. This means a $100 note would be worth $70 if the commodity index decreased by 10 percent. Structured notes also are subject to counterparty risk.
Investments linked to the prices of commodities, including commodity-linked notes, are considered speculative. The values of commodity-linked notes are affected by events that might have less impact on the values of stocks and bonds. Prices of commodities and related contracts may fluctuate significantly over short periods due to a variety of factors, including changes in supply and demand relationships, weather, agriculture, fiscal, and exchange control programs, disease, pestilence, and international economic, political, military and regulatory developments. In addition, the commodity markets may be subject to temporary distortions and other disruptions due to, among other factors, lack of liquidity, the participation of speculators, and government regulation and other actions. These circumstances could adversely affect the value of the commodity-linked notes and make commodity-linked notes more volatile than other types of investments. Investments in commodity-linked notes may have substantial risks, including risk of loss of a significant portion of their principal value. They also can generate tax risks.
Convertible Securities
An Underlying Fund may invest in convertible securities, which are bonds, preferred stocks, and other securities that pay interest or dividends and offer the buyer the ability to convert the security into common stock. The value of convertible securities depends partially on interest rate changes and the credit quality of the issuer. Because a convertible security affords an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the underlying common stock, the value of convertible securities also depends on the price of the underlying common stock.
A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted, or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to nonconvertible income securities in that they ordinarily provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stocks of the same or similar issuers, but lower yields than comparable nonconvertible securities. The value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also may have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. Convertible securities are subordinate in rank to any senior debt obligations of the same issuer and, therefore, an issuer’s convertible securities entail more risk than its debt obligations.
The convertible securities in which the Underlying Funds invest may be rated below investment grade as determined by Moody’s Investors Service Inc. or S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), or unrated but judged by the Manager to be of comparable quality (commonly called “junk” bonds). For a more complete description of debt ratings, see Appendix A. Such securities are deemed to be speculative and involve greater risk of default due to changes in interest rates, economic conditions, and the issuer’s creditworthiness. As a result, their market prices tend to fluctuate more than those of higher-quality securities. During periods of general economic downturns or rising interest rates, issuers of such securities may experience financial difficulties, which could affect their ability to make timely interest and principal payments. An Underlying Fund’s ability to timely and accurately value and dispose of lower-quality securities also may be affected by the absence or periodic discontinuance of liquid trading markets.
Cover
Transactions using certain derivative instruments, other than purchased options, expose an Underlying Fund to an obligation to another party. An Underlying Fund will not enter into any such transactions unless there appears to be a liquid secondary market for such investments; or unless it owns either (1) an offsetting (covered) position in securities, currencies or other options, futures contracts or forward contracts, or (2) cash or liquid assets with a value, marked-to-market daily, sufficient to cover its potential obligations to the extent not covered as provided in (1) above. An Underlying Fund will comply with SEC guidelines regarding cover for these instruments and will, if the guidelines so require, designate cash or liquid securities in the prescribed amount as determined daily.
Assets used as cover or held in a segregated account cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding derivative instrument is open, unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of an Underlying Fund’s assets to cover derivative instruments could impede portfolio management or an Underlying Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
Cybersecurity Risk
Technology, such as the internet, has become more prevalent in the course of business; and as such, each Underlying Fund and its service providers are susceptible to operational and information security risk resulting from cyber incidents. Cyber incidents refer to both intentional attacks and unintentional events including: processing errors, human errors, technical errors including computer glitches and system malfunctions, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, market-wide technical-related disruptions, unauthorized access to digital systems (through “hacking” or malicious software coding), computer viruses, and cyber-attacks that shut down, disable, slow or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes, or website access or functionality (including denial of service
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attacks). Cyber incidents could adversely impact an Underlying Fund and its shareholders and cause the Underlying Fund to incur financial loss and expense, as well as face exposure to regulatory penalties, reputational damage, and additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures. Cyber incidents may cause an Underlying Fund or its service providers to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, lose operational capacity (e.g., the loss of the ability to process transactions, calculate an Underlying Fund’s NAV, or allow shareholders to transact business), and/or fail to comply with applicable privacy and other laws. Among other potentially harmful effects, cyber incidents also may result in theft, unauthorized monitoring and failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Underlying Fund and its service providers. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Underlying Funds' service providers have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber incidents, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, each Underlying Fund cannot control the cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by its service providers or any other third parties whose operations may affect each Underlying Fund or its shareholders. In certain situations, the Underlying Funds, the Manager, or a service provider may be required to comply with law enforcement in responding to a cybersecurity incident, which may prevent the Underlying Funds from fully implementing their cybersecurity plans and systems, and (in certain situations) may result in additional information loss or damage. Each Underlying Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
Derivatives
Under circumstances in which such instruments are expected by the Manager to aid in achieving each Underlying Fund’s investment objective, each Underlying Fund may buy and sell certain types of derivatives. Derivatives are instruments that derive their value from the value of one or more underlying assets, reference rates or indices, and may include futures contracts, options on futures contracts, swaps, options on currencies, securities, and securities indexes. Derivatives also may possess the characteristics of both futures and securities (e.g., debt instruments with interest and principal payments determined by reference to the value of a commodity or a currency at a future time) and, therefore, possess the risks of both futures and securities investments.
Derivatives, such as futures contracts; options on currencies, securities, and securities indexes; options on futures contracts; and swaps enable an Underlying Fund to take both “short” positions (positions that anticipate a decline in the market value of a particular asset or index) and “long” positions (positions that anticipate an increase in the market value of a particular asset or index). Each Underlying Fund also may use strategies that involve simultaneous short and long positions in response to specific market conditions, such as where the Manager anticipates unusually high or low market volatility.
The Manager may enter into derivative positions for an Underlying Fund for either hedging or non-hedging purposes. The term hedging is applied to defensive strategies designed to protect an Underlying Fund from an expected decline in the market value of an asset or group of assets that an Underlying Fund owns (in the case of a short hedge) or to protect an Underlying Fund from an expected rise in the market value of an asset or group of assets which it intends to acquire in the future (in the case of a long or “anticipatory” hedge). Non-hedging strategies include strategies designed to produce incremental income (such as the option writing strategy) or “speculative” strategies, which are undertaken to equitize the cash or cash equivalent portion of an Underlying Fund’s portfolio or to profit from (i) an expected decline in the market value of an asset or group of assets which an Underlying Fund does not own or (ii) expected increases in the market value of an asset which it does not plan to acquire.
Equity-Linked Structured Notes
An Underlying Fund may invest in equity-linked structured notes, which are derivative securities specifically designed to combine the characteristics of one or more underlying securities and their equity derivatives in a single note form. The return and/or yield or income component may be based on the performance of the underlying equity securities, an equity index, and/or option positions. Equity-linked structured notes typically are offered in limited transactions by financial institutions in either registered or non-registered form. An investment in equity-linked notes creates exposure to the credit risk of the issuing financial institution, as well as to the market risk of the underlying securities. There is no guaranteed return of principal with these securities and the appreciation potential of these securities may be limited by a maximum payment or call right. In certain cases, equity-linked notes may be more volatile and less liquid than less complex securities or other types of fixed-income securities. Such securities may exhibit price behavior that does not correlate with other fixed-income securities.
Equity Securities
An Underlying Fund may invest in equity securities listed on any domestic or foreign securities exchange or traded in the over-the-counter market as well as certain restricted or unlisted securities. As used herein, “equity securities” are defined as common stock, preferred stock, trust or limited partnership interests, rights and warrants to subscribe to or purchase such securities, sponsored or unsponsored depositary receipts such as American depositary receipts (“ADRs”), European depositary receipts (“EDRs”), global depositary receipts (“GDRs”), and convertible securities, consisting of debt securities or preferred stock that may be converted into common stock or that carry the right to purchase common stock. Common stocks, the most familiar type, represent an equity
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(ownership) interest in a corporation. They may or may not pay dividends or carry voting rights. Common stock occupies the most junior position in a company’s capital structure. Although equity securities have a history of long-term growth in value, their prices fluctuate based on changes in a company’s financial condition and on overall market and economic conditions. Smaller companies are especially sensitive to these factors.
Eurodollar and Yankee Obligations
An Underlying Fund may invest in Eurodollar obligations or Yankee obligations. Eurodollar obligations are dollar-denominated instruments that have been issued outside the U.S. capital markets by foreign corporations and financial institutions and by foreign branches of U.S. corporations and financial institutions. Yankee obligations are dollar-denominated instruments that have been issued by foreign issuers in the U.S. capital markets.
Eurodollar and Yankee obligations are subject to the same risks that pertain to domestic issues, notably credit risk, market risk, and liquidity risk. Additionally, Eurodollar (and to a limited extent, Yankee) obligations are subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of dollars, from leaving the country. Other risks include: adverse political and economic developments; the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions; the imposition of foreign withholding taxes; and expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers. However, Eurodollar and Yankee obligations will undergo the same type of credit analysis as domestic issues in which  Underlying Fund invests, and will have at least the same financial strength as the domestic issuers approved for  Underlying Fund.
European Securities
The European Union’s (the “EU”) Economic and Monetary Union (the “EMU”) requires member countries to comply with restrictions on interest rates, deficits, debt levels, and inflation rates, and other factors, each of which may significantly impact every European country and their economic partners. The economies of EU member countries and their trading partners may be adversely affected by changes in the exchange rate of the euro (the common currency of the EU), changes in EU or governmental regulations on trade and other areas, and the threat of default or an actual default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, which could negatively impact a Fund’s investments and cause it to lose money. In recent years, the European financial markets have been negatively impacted by concerns relating to rising government debt levels and national unemployment; possible default on or restructuring of sovereign debt in several European countries; and economic downturns. Responses to financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not produce the desired results, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. A European country’s default or debt restructuring would adversely affect the holders of the country’s debt and sellers of credit default swaps linked to the country’s creditworthiness and could negatively impact global markets more generally.
Uncertainties regarding the viability of the EU have impacted and may continue to impact markets in the United States and around the world. If one or more countries leave the EU or the EU dissolves, securities markets would likely be significantly disrupted. On January 31, 2020, the UK left the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit,” and there commenced a transition period during which the EU and UK will negotiate and agree on the nature of their future relationship. There is significant market uncertainty regarding Brexit’s ramifications, and the range and potential implications of possible political, regulatory, economic, and market outcomes are difficult to predict. This uncertainty may affect other countries in the EU and elsewhere, and may cause volatility within the EU, triggering prolonged economic downturns in certain countries within the EU. It is also possible that various countries within the UK, such as Scotland or Northern Ireland, could seek to separate and remain a part of the EU.
The UK has one of the largest economies in Europe and is a major trading partner with the other EU countries and the United States. Brexit might negatively affect The City of London’s economy, which is heavily dominated by financial services, as banks might be forced to move staff and comply with two separate sets of rules or lose business to banks in Continental Europe. In addition, Brexit may create additional and substantial economic stresses for the UK, including a contraction of the UK economy and price volatility in UK stocks, decreased trade, capital outflows, devaluation of the British pound, wider corporate bond spreads due to uncertainty and declines in business and consumer spending as well as foreign direct investment. Further, the United Kingdom’s departure from the EU would potentially cause volatility within the EU, which could trigger prolonged economic downturns in certain European countries or spark additional member states to contemplate departing the EU (thereby exacerbating political instability in the region). Brexit may also adversely affect UK-based financial firms that have counterparties in the EU or participate in market infrastructure (trading venues, clearing houses, settlement facilities) based in the EU. These events and the resulting market volatility may have an adverse effect on the performance of the fund.
Investing in the securities of Eastern European issuers is highly speculative and involves risks not usually associated with investing in the more developed markets of Western Europe. Securities markets of Eastern European countries typically are less efficient and have lower trading volume, lower liquidity, and higher volatility than more developed markets. Eastern European economies also may be particularly susceptible to disruption in the international credit market due to their reliance on bank related inflows of capital. To the extent that a fund invests in European securities, it may be exposed to these risks through its direct investments in such securities,
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including sovereign debt, or indirectly through investments in money market funds and financial institutions with significant investments in such securities.
Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”)
Each Fund may invest in ETFs, which are, with a few exceptions, open-end investment companies that trade throughout the day. ETFs trade on stock exchanges and typically track a market index or specific sectors of the stock or bond markets. Because they trade like a stock, they offer trading flexibility desired by both individuals and institutions. The value of the underlying securities held by an ETF is a major factor in determining an ETF’s price. However, ETFs do not necessarily trade at their NAV. The price of an ETF also is determined by supply and demand and, as a result, the share price of an ETF may trade at a premium or discount to its NAV.
To the extent a Fund invests in ETFs, it will be exposed to the same risks of the ETFs’ holdings as the ETFs themselves in direct proportion to the allocation of the Fund’s assets among those ETFs. You also will indirectly bear fees and expenses charged by the ETFs in which the Fund invests in addition to the Fund’s direct fees and expenses. In addition, an ETF may be a “passive investor” and, therefore, invests in the securities and sectors contained in the index it seeks to track without regard for, or analysis of, the prospects of such securities or sectors. An ETF may invest in all of the securities in such index or in a representative sample of such securities. ETFs generally do not attempt to take defensive positions in volatile or declining markets or under other conditions. Furthermore, ETFs usually are not able to duplicate exactly the performance of the underlying indexes they track. The difference in performance between an ETF and the index it seeks to track can be due to, among other factors, the expenses that the ETF pays, regulatory constraints, investment strategies or techniques undertaken by the ETF, and changes to an underlying index. There also may be a lack of correlation between the securities in an index and those actually held by an ETF. The performance of a Fund that invests in such an ETF could be adversely impacted. In addition, although the ETFs generally are listed on securities exchanges, there can be no assurances that an active trading market for such ETFs will be maintained. Secondary market trading in the ETFs also may be halted by a national securities exchange because of market conditions or for other reasons. There can be no assurances that the requirements necessary to maintain the listing of the ETFs will continue to be met or will remain unchanged.
Exchange-Traded Notes (“ETNs”)
An Underlying Fund may invest in ETNs. ETNs are a type of unsecured, unsubordinated debt security, usually issued by large financial institutions. This type of debt security differs from other types of bonds and notes because ETN returns are based upon the performance of a market index minus applicable fees, no period coupon payments are distributed, and no principal protections exist. The purpose of ETNs is to create a type of security that combines the aspects of both bonds and ETFs. Similar to ETFs, ETNs are traded on a major exchange (i.e., NYSE) during normal trading hours. However, investors also can hold the debt security until maturity. At that time, the issuer will give the investor a cash amount that would be equal to the principal amount (subject to the day’s index factor).
One factor that affects the ETN’s value is the credit rating of the issuer. The value of an ETN also may be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying commodities or securities markets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating, and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced commodity or security. An Underlying Fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. If an Underlying Fund must sell some or all of its ETN holdings and the secondary market is weak, it may have to sell such holdings at a discount. There may be restrictions on an Underlying Fund’s right to redeem its investment in an ETN, which is generally meant to be held until maturity. ETNs are subject to counterparty credit risk and fixed-income risk. ETNs also are subject to tax risk. No assurance can be given that the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) will accept, or a court will uphold, how an Underlying Fund characterizes and treats ETNs for federal income tax purposes. Further, Congress and the IRS frequently consider proposals that would change the timing of recognition and tax character of income and gains from ETNs.
Foreign Securities
An Underlying Fund may invest in foreign securities purchased in either foreign (non-dollar denominated) or U.S. markets, including ADRs, EDRs, and GDRs. Investing in foreign securities poses unique risks: currency exchange rate fluctuations; foreign market illiquidity; increased price volatility; exchange control regulations; foreign ownership limits; different accounting, reporting, and disclosure requirements; political or social instability, including policies of foreign governments which may affect their respective equity markets; foreign taxation requirements including withholding taxes; prohibitions or restrictions by certain foreign governments on foreign investing in their capital markets or in certain industries, or limitations on the removal of funds or assets; and difficulties in obtaining legal judgments. In the past, equity and debt instruments of foreign markets have been more volatile than equity and debt instruments of U.S. securities markets.
Investing in the securities of companies located in emerging market countries generally involves greater risk than investing in the securities of companies located in countries with developed markets. The Manager considers all countries of the world to be emerging market countries, except Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“Hong Kong”), Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal,
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Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the United States. The People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) currently exercises sovereignty over Hong Kong; however, Hong Kong retains significant economic and political autonomy under the Basic Law, a “quasi-constitution” that has been in place since Hong Kong reverted to PRC sovereignty in 1997. The Basic Law is anticipated to remain in place until 2047. Investments in emerging market countries may present market, credit, currency, liquidity, legal, political, technical and other risks different from, or greater than, the risks of investing in developed countries. For instance, these countries may be more likely than developed countries to experience rapid and significant developments in their political or economic structures. Some emerging market countries restrict foreign investments, impose withholding or other taxes on foreign investments, and/or may nationalize or expropriate the assets of private companies. Therefore, an Underlying Fund may be limited in its ability to make direct or additional investments in an emerging markets country. Such restrictions also may have negative impacts on transaction costs, market price, investment returns and the legal rights and remedies of an Underlying Fund. In addition, the securities markets of emerging markets countries generally are smaller, less liquid and more volatile than those of developed countries. Emerging market countries often have less uniformity in accounting and reporting requirements and less reliable settlement, registration and custodial procedures. Emerging market countries also may be subject to high inflation and rapid currency devaluations and may be heavily dependent on international trade, which can materially affect their securities markets. The risks associated with investing in a narrowly defined geographic area also generally are more pronounced with respect to investments in emerging market countries.
Any investments in foreign securities will be made in compliance with U.S. and foreign currency restrictions, tax laws, and laws limiting the amount and types of foreign investments. Pursuit of the Underlying Funds’ investment objectives will involve currencies of the United States and of foreign countries. Consequently, changes in exchange rates, currency convertibility, and repatriation requirements may favorably or adversely affect the Underlying Funds.
ADRs may be available through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by a depositary and the issuer of the security underlying the receipt. An unsponsored facility may be established by a depositary without participation by the issuer of the security underlying the receipt. There are greater risks associated with holding unsponsored depositary receipts. For example, if an Underlying Fund holds an unsponsored depositary receipt, it will generally bear all of the costs of establishing the unsponsored facility. In addition, the depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security. Whether a sponsored or unsponsored facility, there is no assurance that either would pass through to the holders of the receipts voting rights with respect to the deposited securities.
Forward Currency Contracts
An Underlying Fund may enter into forward currency contracts. A forward contract involves an agreement to purchase or sell a specific currency at a specified future date or over a specified time period at a price set at the time of the contract. Forward currency contracts seek to protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign exchange rates. These contracts are usually traded directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. A forward contract generally has no deposit requirements, and no commissions are charged.
An Underlying Fund may enter into forward currency contracts under two circumstances. First, when an Underlying Fund enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency, it may desire to “lock in” the U.S. dollar price of the security until settlement. By entering into such a contract, an Underlying Fund will be able to protect itself against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the foreign currency from the date the security is purchased or sold to the date on which payment is made or received. Second, when management of an Underlying Fund believes that the currency of a specific country may deteriorate relative to the U.S. dollar, it may enter into a forward contract to sell that currency. An Underlying Fund may not hedge with respect to a particular currency for an amount greater than the aggregate market value (determined at the time of making any sale of forward currency) of the securities held in its portfolio denominated or quoted in, or bearing a substantial correlation to, such currency.
The use of forward contracts involves certain risks. The precise matching of contract amounts and the value of securities involved generally will not be possible since the future value of such securities in currencies more than likely will change between the date the contract is entered into and the date it matures. The projection of short-term currency market movements is extremely difficult, and successful execution of a short-term hedging strategy is uncertain. Under normal circumstances, consideration of the prospect for currency parities will be incorporated into the longer-term investment strategies. The Manager believes it is important, however, to have the flexibility to enter into such contracts when it determines it is in the best interest of  Underlying Fund to do so. It is impossible to forecast what the market value of portfolio securities will be at the expiration of a contract. Accordingly, it may be necessary for an Underlying Fund to purchase additional currency (and bear the expense of such purchase) if the market value of the security is less than the amount of currency an Underlying Fund is obligated to deliver, and if a decision is made to sell the security and make delivery of the currency. Conversely, it may be necessary to sell some of the foreign currency received on the sale of the portfolio security if its market value exceeds the amount of currency an Underlying Fund is obligated to deliver. An Underlying Fund is not required to enter into such transactions and will not do so unless deemed appropriate by the Manager.
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Although the Funds value their assets each business day in terms of U.S. dollars, they do not intend to convert their foreign currencies into U.S. dollars on a daily basis. They will do so from time to time, and shareholders should be aware of currency conversion costs. Although foreign exchange dealers do not charge a fee for conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference (spread) between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to an Underlying Fund at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should an Underlying Fund desire to resell that currency to the dealer.
Forward contracts in which an Underlying Fund may engage include foreign exchange forwards. The consummation of a foreign exchange forward requires the actual exchange of the principal amounts of the two currencies in the contract (i.e., settlement on a physical basis). Because foreign exchange forwards are physically settled through an exchange of currencies, they are traded in the interbank market directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. A foreign exchange forward generally has no deposit requirement, and no commissions are charged at any stage for trades; foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference (the spread) between the prices at which they are buying and the prices at which they are selling various currencies. When an Underlying Fund enters into a foreign exchange forward, it relies on the counterparty to make or take delivery of the underlying currency at the maturity of the contract. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction. An Underlying Fund may be required to obtain the currency that it must deliver under the foreign exchange forward through the sale of portfolio securities denominated in such currency or through conversion of other assets of an Underlying Fund into such currency.
Forward contracts in which an Underlying Fund may engage also include non-deliverable forwards (“NDFs”). NDFs are cash-settled, short-term forward contracts on foreign currencies (each a “Reference Currency”) that are non-convertible and that may be thinly traded or illiquid. NDFs involve an obligation to pay an amount (the “Settlement Amount”) equal to the difference between the prevailing market exchange rate for the Reference Currency and the agreed upon exchange rate (the “NDF Rate”), with respect to an agreed notional amount. NDFs have a fixing date and a settlement (delivery) date. The fixing date is the date and time at which the difference between the prevailing market exchange rate and the agreed upon exchange rate is calculated. The settlement (delivery) date is the date by which the payment of the Settlement Amount is due to the party receiving payment.
Although NDFs are similar to foreign exchange forwards, NDFs do not require physical delivery of the Reference Currency on the settlement date. Rather, on the settlement date, the only transfer between the counterparties is the monetary settlement amount representing the difference between the NDF Rate and the prevailing market exchange rate. NDFs typically may have terms from one month up to two years and are settled in U.S. dollars.
NDFs are subject to many of the risks associated with derivatives in general and forward currency transactions, including risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency and the risk that the counterparty will fail to fulfill its obligations. Although NDFs historically have been traded over-the-counter, in the future, pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank Act”), they may be exchange-traded. Under such circumstances, they will be centrally cleared, and a secondary market for them will exist. With respect to NDFs that are centrally cleared, an investor could lose margin payments it has deposited with the clearing organization as well as the net amount of gains not yet paid by the clearing organization if the clearing organization breaches its obligations under the NDF, becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In the event of bankruptcy of the clearing organization, the investor may be entitled to the net amount of gains the investor is entitled to receive plus the return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the clearing organization’s other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the investor. Even if some NDFs remain traded OTC, they will be subject to margin requirements for uncleared swaps and counterparty risk common to other swaps.
Futures Contracts
An Underlying Fund may use futures contracts to implement its investment strategy. Futures contracts are publicly traded contracts to buy or sell an underlying asset or group of assets, such as a currency, interest rate, or an index of securities, at a future time at a specified price. Opening a position by buying a contract establishes a long position, while opening a position by selling a contract establishes a short position.
The purchase of a futures contract on a security or an index of securities normally enables a buyer to participate in the market movement of the underlying asset or index after paying a transaction charge and posting margin in an amount equal to a small percentage of the value of the underlying asset or index. An Underlying Fund initially will be required to deposit with the Trust’s custodian or the futures commission merchant (“FCM”) effecting the futures transaction an amount of “initial margin” in cash or securities, as permitted under applicable regulatory policies.
Initial margin in futures transactions is different from margin in securities transactions in that the former does not involve the borrowing of funds by the customer to finance the transaction. Rather, the initial margin is like a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract. Subsequent payments (called “maintenance or variation margin”) to and from the broker will be made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying asset fluctuates. This process is known as “marking to market.” For example, when an Underlying Fund has taken a long position in a futures contract and the value of the underlying asset has risen, that position will have increased in value
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and an Underlying Fund will receive from the broker a maintenance margin payment equal to the increase in value of the underlying asset. Conversely, when an Underlying Fund has taken a long position in a futures contract and the value of the underlying instrument has declined, the position would be less valuable, and an Underlying Fund would be required to make a maintenance margin payment to the broker.
At any time prior to expiration of the futures contract, an Underlying Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position that will terminate an Underlying Fund’s position in the futures contract. A final determination of maintenance margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to an Underlying Fund, and an Underlying Fund realizes a loss or a gain. While futures contracts with respect to securities do provide for the delivery and acceptance of such securities, such delivery and acceptance seldom are made.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts can be substantial because of the low margin deposits required and the high degree of leveraging involved in futures pricing. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may cause an immediate and substantial loss or gain. The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts are: (i) imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the stocks held by an Underlying Fund and the prices of futures contracts; and (ii) possible lack of a liquid secondary market for a futures contract and the resulting inability to close a futures position prior to its maturity date. The degree of imperfection of correlation depends on circumstances such as variations in speculative market demand for futures on securities, including technical influences in futures trading, and differences between the financial instruments being hedged and the instruments underlying the standard contracts available for trading in such respects as interest rate levels, maturities, and creditworthiness of issuers.
Illiquid Securities
An Underlying Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities that are illiquid. Illiquid securities are securities that cannot be disposed of in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the security. Investments in illiquid securities may impair an Underlying Fund’s ability to raise cash for redemptions or other purposes.
Interfund Borrowing and Lending
An Underlying Fund is entitled to rely on an exemptive order from the SEC allowing them to lend money to, and borrow money from, each other pursuant to a master interfund lending agreement (the “Interfund Lending Program”). Under the Interfund Lending Program, the Funds may lend or borrow money for temporary purposes directly to or from one another (an “Interfund Loan”), subject to meeting the conditions of the SEC exemptive order. All Interfund Loans will consist only of uninvested cash reserves that the lending Fund otherwise would invest in short-term repurchase agreements or other short-term instruments.
If a Fund has outstanding bank borrowings, any Interfund Loans to the Fund would: (a) be at an interest rate equal to or lower than that of any outstanding bank borrowing, (b) be secured at least on an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value as any outstanding bank loan that requires collateral, (c) have a maturity no longer than any outstanding bank loan (and in any event not over seven days), and (d) provide that, if an event of default occurs under any agreement evidencing an outstanding bank loan to the Fund, that event of default by the Fund will automatically (without need for action or notice by the lending Fund) constitute an immediate event of default under the master interfund lending agreement, entitling the lending Fund to call the Interfund Loan immediately (and exercise all rights with respect to any collateral), and that such call will be made if the lending bank exercises its right to call its loan under its agreement with the borrowing Fund.
A Fund may borrow on an unsecured basis through the Interfund Lending Program only if its outstanding borrowings from all sources immediately after the interfund borrowing total 10% or less of its total assets, provided that if the borrowing Fund has a secured loan outstanding from any other lender, including but not limited to another Fund, the lending Fund’s Interfund Loan will be secured on at least an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value as any outstanding loan that requires collateral. If a borrowing Fund’s total outstanding borrowings immediately after an Interfund Loan would be greater than 10% of its total assets, the Fund may borrow through the Interfund Lending Program only on a secured basis. A Fund may not borrow under the Interfund Lending Program or from any other source if its total outstanding borrowings immediately after the borrowing would be more than 33 1/3% of its total assets or any lower threshold provided for by the Fund’s fundamental restrictions or non-fundamental policies.
No Fund may lend to another Fund through the Interfund Lending Program if the loan would cause the lending Fund’s aggregate outstanding loans through the Interfund Lending Program to exceed 15% of its current net assets at the time of the loan. A Fund’s Interfund Loans to any one Fund shall not exceed 5% of the lending Fund’s net assets. The duration of Interfund Loans will be limited to the time required to receive payment for securities sold, but in no event more than seven days, and for purposes of this condition, loans effected within seven days of each other will be treated as separate loan transactions. Each Interfund Loan may be called on one business day’s notice by a lending Fund and may be repaid on any day by a borrowing Fund. The limitations detailed above and the other conditions of the SEC exemptive order permitting interfund borrowing and lending are designed to minimize the risks associated with interfund borrowing and lending for both a lending Fund and a borrowing Fund. However, no borrowing or lending activity is without risk. When a Fund borrows money from another Fund, there is a risk that the Interfund Loan could be called on one business
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day’s notice or not renewed, in which case the Fund may have to borrow from a bank at higher rates if an Interfund Loan is not available from another Fund. Interfund Loans are subject to the risk that a borrowing Fund could be unable to repay the loan when due, and a delay in repayment to a lending Fund or from a borrowing Fund could result in a lost investment opportunity or additional costs. No Fund may borrow more than the amount permitted by its investment limitations. The Interfund Lending Program is subject to the oversight and periodic review of the Board.
Inverse Floating Rate Securities
An Underlying Fund may invest up to 10% of its net assets in municipal securities whose coupons vary inversely with changes in short-term tax-exempt interest rates and thus are considered leveraged investments in underlying municipal bonds (or securities with similar economic characteristics). In creating such a security, a municipality issues a certain amount of debt and pays a fixed interest rate. A portion of the debt is issued as variable rate short-term obligations, the interest rate of which is reset at short intervals, typically seven days or less. The other portion of the debt is issued as inverse floating rate obligations, the interest rate of which is calculated based on the difference between a multiple of (approximately two times) the interest paid by the issuer and the interest paid on the short-term obligation. These securities present special risks for two reasons: (1) if short-term interest rates rise (fall), the income an Underlying Fund earns on the inverse floating rate security will fall (rise); and (2) if long-term interest rates rise (fall) the value of the inverse floating rate security will fall (rise) more than the value of the underlying bond because of the leveraged nature of the investment. The Underlying Fund will seek to buy these securities at attractive values and yields that more than compensate the Underlying Fund for the securities’ price volatility.
Investments in Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”)
An Underlying Fund may invest a portion of its assets in equity securities of REITs, and thereby may be subject to certain risks associated with direct investments in real estate. In addition, some of the Underlying Funds may invest a portion of their assets in the debt and preferred securities of REITs and, therefore, may be subject to certain other risks, such as credit risk, associated with investment in these securities. REITs may be affected by changes in the value of their underlying properties and by defaults by borrowers or tenants. Furthermore, REITs are dependent upon the specialized management skills of their managers and may have limited geographic diversification, thereby subjecting them to risks inherent in financing a limited number of projects. REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to shareholders, and certain REITs have self-liquidation provisions by which mortgages held may be paid in full and distributions of capital returns may be made at any time.
Lending of Securities
An Underlying Fund may lend its securities in accordance with a lending policy that has been authorized by the Board and implemented by the Manager. Securities may be loaned only to qualified broker-dealers or other institutional investors that have been determined to be creditworthy by the Manager. When borrowing securities from an Underlying Fund, the borrower will be required to maintain collateral with the Trust in an amount at least equal to the fair value of the borrowed securities. During the term of each loan, an Underlying Fund will be entitled to receive payments from the borrower equal to all interest and dividends paid on the securities during the term of the loan by the issuer of the securities. In addition, each Underlying Fund will invest any cash received as collateral in high-quality short-term instruments such as obligations of the U.S. government or of its agencies or instrumentalities, repurchase agreements, or shares of money market mutual funds, thereby earning additional income. Risks to a Underlying Fund in securities-lending transactions are that the borrower may not provide additional collateral when required or return the securities when due; and that the value of the collateral, including collateral investments, will be less than the amount required to be returned to the borrower.
No loan of securities will be made if, as a result, the aggregate of such loans would exceed 33 1/3% of the value of an Underlying Fund’s total assets. An Underlying Fund may terminate a loan at any time.
Leveraged Loans
An Underlying Fund may invest in leveraged loans, a type of bank loan. Leveraged loans are adjustable-rate bank loans made to companies rated below investment grade. The interest rates on leveraged loans are reset periodically based upon the fluctuations of a base interest rate such as LIBOR and a “spread” above that base interest rate that represents a risk premium to the lending banks and/or other participating investors. Many bank loans bear an adjustable rate of interest; however, leveraged loans provide for a greater “spread” over the base interest rate than other bank loans because they are considered to represent a greater credit risk. Because they are perceived to represent a greater credit risk, leveraged loans possess certain attributes that are similar to high-yield securities. However, because they are often secured by collateral of the borrower, leveraged loans possess certain attributes that are similar to other bank loans.
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Limitations and Risks of Options and Futures Activity
As noted above, an Underlying Fund may engage in both hedging and non-hedging strategies. Although effective hedging generally can capture the bulk of a desired risk adjustment, no hedge is completely effective. An Underlying Fund’s ability to hedge effectively through transactions in futures and options depends on the degree to which price movements in the hedged asset correlate with price movements of the futures and options.
Non-hedging strategies typically involve special risks. The profitability of an Underlying Fund’s non-hedging strategies will depend on the ability of the Manager to analyze both the applicable derivatives market and the market for the underlying asset or group of assets. Derivatives markets often are more volatile than corresponding securities markets, and a relatively small change in the price of the underlying asset or group of assets can have a magnified effect upon the price of a related derivative instrument.
Derivatives markets also are often less liquid than the market for the underlying asset or group of assets. Some positions in futures and options may be closed out only on an exchange that provides a secondary market. There can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular futures contract or option at any specific time. Thus, it may not be possible to close such an option or futures position prior to maturity. The inability to close options and futures positions also could have an adverse impact on an Underlying Fund’s ability to effectively carry out its derivative strategies and might, in some cases, require the Underlying Fund to deposit cash to meet applicable margin requirements.
Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract or an option on a futures contract can vary from the previous day’s settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.
If an Underlying Fund were unable to liquidate a futures contract or an option on a futures position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market or the imposition of price limits, it could incur substantial losses. The Underlying Fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, except in the case of purchased options, the Underlying Fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the future or option or to maintain cash or securities in a segregated account.
Historically, advisers of registered investment companies trading commodity interests (such as futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and swaps), including the Underlying Funds, have been excluded from regulation as Commodity Pool Operators (“CPOs”) pursuant to Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) Regulation 4.5. In February 2012, the CFTC announced substantial amendments to the permissible exclusions, and to the conditions for reliance on the permissible exclusions, from registration as a CPO. To qualify for an exclusion under these amendments to CFTC Regulation 4.5, if an Underlying Fund uses commodity interests (such as futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and swaps) other than for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC), the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish these positions, determined at the time the most recent position was established, may not exceed 5% of the Underlying Fund’s NAV (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions and excluding the amount by which options that are “in-the-money” at the time of purchase are “in-the-money”) or, alternatively, the aggregate net notional value of those positions, determined at the time the most recent position was established, may not exceed 100% of the fund’s NAV (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). In addition, to qualify for an exclusion, an Underlying Fund must satisfy a marketing test, which requires, among other things, that an Underlying Fund not hold itself out as a vehicle for trading commodity interests. The amendments to CFTC Regulation 4.5 became effective on April 24, 2012.
The Manager currently claims an exclusion (under CFTC Regulation 4.5) from registration as a CPO with respect to the Underlying Funds and, in its management of the Underlying Funds, intends to comply with one of the two alternative trading limitations described above and the marketing limitation. Complying with the trading limitations may restrict the Manager’s ability to use derivatives as part of the Underlying Funds' investment strategies. Although the Manager expects to be able to execute the Underlying Funds' investment strategies within the limitations, an Underlying Fund’s performance could be adversely affected. In addition, rules under the Dodd-Frank Act may limit the availability of certain derivatives, may make the use of derivatives by portfolios more costly, and may otherwise adversely impact the performance and value of derivatives.
Liquidity Determinations
The Funds have adopted and implemented a written liquidity risk management program (the “LRMP”) as required by Rule 22e-4 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The LRMP is reasonably designed to assess and manage a Fund’s liquidity risk, taking into consideration a Fund’s investment strategy and the liquidity of its portfolio investments during normal and reasonably foreseeable stressed market conditions; its short- and long-term cash flow projections; and its cash holdings and access to other liquidity management tools such as available funding sources including the Victory Funds Complex Interfund Lending Facility and Line of Credit. The Board approved the appointment of the Fund’s investment adviser as the administrator of the LRMP.
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The Board has adopted guidelines pursuant to which municipal lease obligations, Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper, Rule 144A Securities, certain restricted debt securities that are subject to put or demand features exercisable within seven days (“Demand Feature Securities”) and other securities (whether registered or not) that may be considered illiquid before or after purchase due to issuer bankruptcy, delisting, thin or no trading, SEC guidance or similar factors (other securities) may be determined to be liquid for purposes of complying with SEC limitations applicable to each Underlying Fund’s investments in illiquid securities. In determining the liquidity of municipal lease obligations, Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper, Rule 144A Securities, and other securities, the Manager will, pursuant to the Board Adopted Liquidity Procedures, among other things, consider the following factors established by the Board: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security, (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers, (3) the willingness of dealers to undertake to make a market in the security, and (4) the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades, including the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer. Additional factors considered by the Manager in determining the liquidity of a municipal lease obligation are: (1) whether the lease obligation is of a size that will be attractive to institutional investors, (2) whether the lease obligation contains a non-appropriation clause and the likelihood that the obligor will fail to make an appropriation and (3) such other factors as the Manager may determine to be relevant to such determination. In determining the liquidity of Demand Feature Securities, the Manager will evaluate the credit quality of the party (the Put Provider) issuing (or unconditionally guaranteeing performance on) the put or demand feature of the Demand Feature Securities. In evaluating the credit quality of the Put Provider, the Manager will consider all factors that it deems indicative of the capacity of the Put Provider to meet its obligations under the Demand Feature Securities based upon a review of the Put Provider’s outstanding debt and financial statements and general economic conditions.
Certain foreign securities (including Eurodollar obligations) may be eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A in the United States and also may trade without restriction in one or more foreign markets. Such securities may be determined to be liquid based upon these foreign markets without regard to their eligibility for resale pursuant to Rule 144A. In such cases, these securities will not be treated as Rule 144A Securities for purposes of the liquidity guidelines established by the Board.
Loan Interests and Direct Debt Instruments (“bank loans”)
An Underlying Fund may invest in loan interests and direct debt instruments, generally referred to as bank loans, which are interests in amounts owed by a corporate, governmental, or other borrower to lenders or lending syndicates (in the case of loans and loan participations), to suppliers of goods or services (in the case of trade claims or other receivables), or to other parties. These investments involve a risk of loss in case of the default, insolvency, or bankruptcy of the borrower.
Loans normally are not registered with the SEC or any state securities commission or listed on any securities exchange. As a result, there typically is less public information available about a specific loan than there would be if the loan were registered or traded on an exchange. Loans also may not be considered “securities,” and purchasers, such as an Underlying Funds, may not be entitled to rely on the anti-fraud protections of the federal securities laws with respect to any loans they own in the event of fraud or misrepresentation by a borrower.
An Underlying Fund may come into possession of material non-public information about a borrower as a result of its ownership of a loan or other debt instrument of such borrower. Because of prohibitions on trading in securities of issuers while possessing such information, an Underlying Fund might be unable to enter into a transaction in a publicly traded security of that borrower when it otherwise would be advantageous to do so.
Purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower for payment of interest and repayment of principal. If scheduled interest or principal payments are not made, or are not made in a timely manner, the value of the instrument may be adversely affected. Loans that are fully secured provide more protections than unsecured loans in the event of failure to make scheduled interest or principal payments. However, there is no assurance that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the borrower’s obligation, or that the collateral could be liquidated. Indebtedness of borrowers whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks and may be highly speculative. Borrowers that are in bankruptcy or restructuring may never pay off their indebtedness, or may only pay a small fraction of the amount owed. Direct indebtedness of developing countries also involves a risk that the governmental entities responsible for the repayment of the debt may be unable, or unwilling, to pay interest and repay principal when due.
Investments in loans through direct assignment of a financial institution’s interests with respect to a loan may involve additional risks such as a loan foreclosure, and costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. In addition, it is possible that a purchaser could be held liable as a co-lender. Direct debt instruments also may involve a risk of insolvency of the lending bank or other intermediary.
A loan often is administered by a bank or other financial institution that acts as agent for all holders. The agent administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. Unless the purchaser has direct recourse against the borrower, the purchaser may have to rely on the agent to apply appropriate credit remedies against a borrower under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness. If assets
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held by the agent for the benefit of a purchaser were determined to be subject to the claims of the agent’s general creditors, the purchaser might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on the loan or loan participation and could suffer a loss of principal or interest.
Direct indebtedness may include letters of credit, revolving credit facilities, or other standby financing commitments that obligate purchasers to make additional cash payments on demand. These commitments may have the effect of requiring a purchaser to increase its investment in a borrower at a time when it would not otherwise have done so, even if the borrower’s condition makes it unlikely that the amount will ever be repaid.
For purposes of an Underlying Fund investment limitations, an Underlying Fund generally will treat the borrower as the “issuer” of indebtedness held by an Underlying Fund. In the case of loan participations where a bank or other lending institution serves as financial intermediary between an Underlying Fund and the borrower, if the participation does not shift the direct debtor-creditor relationship with the borrower to an Underlying Fund, SEC interpretations require an Underlying Fund, in some circumstances, to treat both the lending bank or other lending institution and the borrower as “issuers” for purposes of an Underlying Fund’s investment policies. Treating a financial intermediary as an issuer of indebtedness may restrict an Underlying Fund’s ability to invest in indebtedness related to a single financial intermediary, or a group of intermediaries engaged in the same industry, even if the underlying borrowers represent many different companies and industries.
Loans may have extended settlement periods. Accordingly, the proceeds from the sale of a loan may not be available to make additional investments or to meet redemption obligations until potentially a substantial period after the sale of the loan. The extended trade settlement periods could force an Underlying Fund to liquidate other securities to meet redemptions and may present a risk that an Underlying Fund may incur losses in order to timely honor redemptions.
Master Demand Notes
An Underlying Fund may invest in master demand notes, which are obligations that permit the investment of fluctuating amounts by each Fund, or an Underlying Fund, at varying rates of interest using direct arrangements between the Fund, or an Underlying Fund, as lender, and the borrower. These notes permit daily changes in the amounts borrowed. Each Fund, or Underlying Fund, has the right to increase the amount under the note at any time up to the full amount provided by the note agreement, or to decrease the amount, and the borrower may repay up to the full amount of the note without penalty. Frequently, such obligations are secured by letters of credit or other credit support arrangements provided by banks. Because master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between the lender and borrower, these instruments generally will not be traded, and there generally is no secondary market for these notes, although they are redeemable (and immediately repayable by the borrower) at face value, plus accrued interest, at any time. We will invest a Fund’s or an Underlying Fund's assets in master demand notes only if the Board or its delegate has determined that they are of credit quality comparable to the debt securities in which the Fund, or an Underlying Fund, generally may invest.
Mortgage-Backed Securities
An Underlying Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities include, but are not limited to, securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae,” also known as “GNMA”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”). These securities represent ownership in a pool of mortgage loans. They differ from conventional bonds in that principal is paid back to the investor as payments are made on the underlying mortgages in the pool. Accordingly, an Underlying Fund receives monthly scheduled payments of principal and interest along with any unscheduled principal prepayments on the underlying mortgages. Because these scheduled and unscheduled principal payments must be reinvested at prevailing interest rates, mortgage-backed securities do not provide an effective means of locking in long-term interest rates for the investor. Like other fixed-income securities, when interest rates rise, the value of mortgage-backed securities with prepayment features generally will decline. In addition, when interest rates are declining, the value of mortgage-backed securities with prepayment features may not increase as much as other fixed-income securities. The weighted average life of such securities is likely to be substantially shorter than the stated final maturity as a result of scheduled principal payments and unscheduled principal prepayments.
Ginnie Mae is a government-owned corporation that is an agency of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. It guarantees, with the full faith and credit of the United States, full and timely payment of all monthly principal and interest on its mortgage-backed securities. Until recently, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were government-sponsored corporations owned entirely by private stockholders. Both issue mortgage-related securities that contain guarantees as to timely payment of interest and principal but that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The value of the companies’ securities fell sharply in 2008 due to concerns that the firms did not have sufficient capital to offset losses. The U.S. Treasury historically has had the authority to purchase obligations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. In addition, in 2008, due to capitalization concerns, Congress provided the U.S. Treasury with additional authority to lend Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac emergency funds and to purchase the companies’ stock, as described below. In September 2008, the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) announced that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had been placed in conservatorship.
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Since that time, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have received significant capital support through U.S. Treasury preferred stock purchases and U.S. Federal Reserve (the “Fed”) purchases of their mortgage-backed securities. While the Fed’s purchases have terminated, the U.S. Treasury announced in December 2009 that it would continue its support for the entities’ capital as necessary to prevent a negative net worth. From the time Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were placed into conservatorship through the fourth quarter of 2017, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac required U.S. Treasury support of approximately $187.5 billion through draws under the preferred stock purchase agreements and have paid the U.S. Treasury approximately $278.8 billion in aggregate cash dividends. However, such payments do not constitute a repayment of the draws Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac received from the U.S. Treasury. In the first quarter of 2018, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac each reported that the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017 had resulted in a decrease in the value of their deferred tax assets. As a result, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac reported net losses during the fourth quarter of 2017 and indicated that they would request draws from the U.S. Treasury in the amount of $3.7 billion and $0.3 billion, respectively. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the Fed, U.S. Treasury, or FHFA initiatives will ensure that Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac will remain successful in meeting their obligations with respect to the debt and mortgage-backed securities they issue. Moreover, there remains significant uncertainty as to whether (or when) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will emerge from conservatorship, which has no specified termination date. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac also are the subject of several continuing class action lawsuits and investigations by federal regulators, which (along with any resulting financial restatements) may adversely affect the guaranteeing entities. The future of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac is in question as Congress is considering several pieces of legislation that would reform Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which would propose to address their structure, mission, portfolio limits and guarantee fees, among other issues. The potential impact of these developments is unclear, but they could cause an Underlying Fund to lose money.
Unlike mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or one of the GSEs, mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers do not have a government or GSE guarantee. Private issuers may purchase various forms of private insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance, to support the timely payment of principal and interest of the underlying mortgage loans. However, there can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. In addition, privately issued mortgage-backed securities are not traded on an exchange and there may be a limited market for the securities, especially when there is a perceived weakness in the mortgage and real estate market sectors. Without an active trading market, private mortgage-backed securities may be particularly difficult to value because of the complexities involved in assessing the value of the underlying mortgage loans.
On June 3, 2019, under the FHFA’s “Single Security Initiative,” Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac ceased issuing their own mortgage-based securities and started issuing uniform mortgage-backed securities (“UMBS”). The Single Security Initiative seeks to align the characteristics of certain Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage-based securities and to support the overall liquidity in certain markets. Each UMBS will have a 55-day remittance cycle and can be used as collateral in either a Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac security or held for investment. In addition, investors may be approached to convert existing mortgage-backed securities into UMBS, possibly with an inducement fee being offered to holders of Freddie Mac mortgage-backed securities. The effects that the Single Security Initiative may have on the market and other mortgage-backed securities are uncertain.
An Underlying Fund also may invest in mortgage-backed securities that include collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBSs”), stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBSs”), interest only commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS IOs”), and mortgage dollar rolls.
CMOs are obligations fully collateralized by a portfolio of mortgages or mortgage-related securities. CMOs are divided into pieces (tranches) with varying maturities. The cash flow from the underlying mortgages is used to pay off each tranche separately. CMOs are designed to provide investors with more predictable cash flows than regular mortgage securities, but such cash flows can be difficult to predict because of the effect of prepayments. Failure to accurately predict prepayments can adversely affect an Underlying Fund’s return on these investments. CMOs also may be less marketable than other securities.
CMBSs include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property, such as industrial and warehouse properties, office buildings, retail space and shopping malls, apartments, hotels and motels, nursing homes, hospitals and senior living centers. Many of the risks of investing in CMBSs reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments, and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. In addition, commercial properties, particularly industrial and warehouse properties, are subject to environmental risks and the burdens and costs of compliance with environmental laws and regulations. CMBSs may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage-backed securities.
SMBSs are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBSs may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, and special purpose entities of the foregoing. SMBSs are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest only or “IO”
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class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on an Underlying Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, an Underlying Fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories. Although SMBSs are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, established trading markets for these types of securities are not as developed and, accordingly, these securities may be deemed “illiquid” and subject to an Underlying Fund’s limitations on investment in illiquid securities.
CMBS IOs are similar to the SMBSs described above but are contrasted by being backed by loans that have various forms of prepayment protection, which include lock-out provisions, yield maintenance provisions, and prepayment penalties. Therefore, they generally have less prepayment risk than SMBSs, and also are less sensitive to interest rate changes. CMBS IOs are subject to default-related prepayments that may have a negative impact on yield.
In mortgage dollar roll transactions, an Underlying Fund sells mortgage-backed securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to purchase substantially similar securities on a specified future date. While the Underlying Fund would forego principal and interest paid on the mortgage-backed securities during the roll period, the Underlying Fund would be compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower price for the future purchase as well as by any interest earned on the proceeds of the initial sale. At the time an Underlying Fund enters into a mortgage dollar roll, it designates on its books and records cash or liquid securities to secure its obligation for the forward commitment to buy mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage dollar roll transactions may be considered a borrowing by an Underlying Fund. The mortgage dollar rolls entered into by an Underlying Fund may be used as arbitrage transactions in which the Underlying Fund will maintain an offsetting position in investment grade debt obligations or repurchase agreements that mature on or before the settlement date on the related mortgage dollar roll. Because an Underlying Fund will receive interest on the securities or repurchase agreements in which it invests the transaction proceeds, such transactions may involve leverage.
Municipal Lease Obligations (“MLOs”)
An Underlying Fund may invest in MLOs, which are installment purchase contract obligations, and certificates of participation in such obligations (collectively, “lease obligations”). Lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of a municipality for which the municipality’s taxing power is pledged, although a lease obligation is ordinarily backed by a municipality’s covenant to budget for the payments due under the lease obligation.
Certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses, which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease obligation payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. Although “non-appropriation” lease obligations are secured by the leased property, disposition of the property in the event of foreclosure might prove difficult. In evaluating a potential investment in such a lease obligation, the Manager will consider: (1) the credit quality of the obligor; (2) whether the underlying property is essential to a governmental function; and (3) whether the lease obligation contains covenants prohibiting the obligor from substituting similar property if the obligor fails to make appropriations for the lease obligation.
Options on Securities, Securities Indexes or Corresponding ETF, and Options on Futures Contracts
An Underlying Fund may purchase and sell options on securities or securities indexes or corresponding ETF and options on futures contracts to implement its investment strategy. There are two basic types of options: “puts” and “calls.” Each type of option can be used to establish either a long or a short position, depending upon whether an Underlying Fund is the purchaser or a writer of the option. A call option on a security, for example, gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer the obligation to sell, the underlying asset at the exercise price during the option period. Conversely, a put option on a security gives the purchaser the right to sell, and the writer the obligation to buy, the underlying asset at the exercise price during the option period.
Purchased options have limited risk equal to the amount of the premium paid for the option. Such options afford the opportunity for gain corresponding to the increase or decrease in the value of the optioned asset. In general, a purchased put increases in value as the value of the underlying security falls and a purchased call increases in value as the value of the underlying security rises.
The principal reason to write options is to generate extra income (the premium paid by the buyer). Written options have varying degrees of risk. An uncovered written call option theoretically carries unlimited risk, as the market price of the underlying asset could rise far above the exercise price before its expiration. This risk is tempered when the call option is covered, that is, when the option writer owns the underlying asset. In this case, the writer runs the risk of the lost opportunity to participate in the appreciation in value of the asset rather than the risk of an out-of-pocket loss. A written put option has defined risk, that is, the difference between the agreed-upon price that an Underlying Fund must pay to the buyer upon exercise of the put and the value, which could be zero, of the asset at the time of exercise.
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The obligation of the writer of an option continues until the writer effects a closing purchase transaction, the option expires, or until the option is exercised. To secure its obligation to deliver the underlying asset in the case of a call option, or to pay for the underlying asset in the case of a put option, a covered writer is required to deposit in escrow the underlying security or other assets in accordance with the rules of the applicable clearing corporation and exchanges.
Among the options that the Underlying Fund may purchase or sell are options on an index or corresponding ETF. In general, options on an index are similar to options on the securities themselves except that delivery requirements are different. For example, a put option on an index does not give the holder the right to make actual delivery of a basket of securities but instead gives the holder the right to receive an amount of cash upon exercise of the option if the value of the underlying index has fallen below the exercise price. The amount of cash received will be equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars times a specified multiple. As with options on equity securities, or futures contracts, the Underlying Fund may offset its position in index options prior to expiration by entering into a closing transaction on an exchange or it may let the option expire unexercised.
A securities index or corresponding ETF assigns relative values to the securities included in the index or corresponding ETF and the index or corresponding ETF options are based on a broad market index or corresponding ETF. In connection with the use of such options, the Underlying Fund may cover its position by identifying assets having a value equal to the aggregate face value of the option position taken.
Indexed securities are instruments whose prices are indexed to the prices of other securities, securities indices, commodities indices, currencies, precious metals or other commodities, or other financial indicators. Indexed securities typically, but not always, are debt securities or deposits whose value at maturity or coupon rate is determined by reference to a specific instrument or statistic. Inflation-protected securities, for example, can be indexed to a measure of inflation, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Commodity-indexed securities, for example, can be indexed to a commodities index such as the Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index Total Return.
The performance of indexed securities depends to a great extent on the performance of the security, currency, commodity, or other instrument or measure to which they are indexed, and also may be influenced by interest rate changes in the United States and abroad. Indexed securities may be more volatile than the underlying instruments or measures. Indexed securities are also subject to the credit risks associated with the issuer of the security, and their values may decline substantially if the issuer’s creditworthiness deteriorates. Recent issuers of indexed securities have included banks, corporations, the U.S. Treasury, and certain other U.S. government agencies. In calculating an Underlying Fund’s dividends, index-based adjustments may be considered income.
Periodic Auction Reset Bonds
An Underlying Fund may invest in periodic auction reset bonds. Periodic auction reset bonds are bonds whose interest rates are reset periodically through an auction mechanism. For purposes of calculating the portfolio weighted average maturity of each Underlying Fund, the maturity of periodic auction reset bonds will be deemed to be the next interest reset date, rather than the remaining stated maturity of the instrument.
Periodic auction reset bonds, similar to short-term debt instruments, are generally subject to less interest rate risk than long-term fixed rate debt instruments because the interest rate will be periodically reset in a market auction. Periodic auction reset bonds with a long remaining stated maturity (i.e., 10 years or more), however, could have greater market risk than fixed short-term debt instruments, arising from the possibility of auction failure or insufficient demand at an auction, resulting in greater price volatility of such instruments compared to fixed short-term bonds.
Preferred Stocks
An Underlying Fund may invest in preferred stocks, which represent a class of capital stock. Generally, preferred stock has a specified dividend and ranks after bonds and before common stocks in its claim on income for dividend payments and on assets should the company be liquidated. Preferred stockholders do not ordinarily enjoy any of the voting rights of common stockholders. Most preferred stock is cumulative, meaning that if dividends are passed (not paid for any reason), they accumulate and must be paid before common dividends. Typically, a preferred stock pays a fixed dividend that does not fluctuate, although the company does not have to pay this dividend if it lacks the financial ability to do so. However, an adjustable-rate preferred stock pays a dividend that is adjustable, usually quarterly, based on changes in the U.S. Treasury bill rate or other money market rates. A convertible preferred stock is exchangeable for a given number of common shares and thus tends to be more volatile than nonconvertible preferred, which behaves more like a fixed-income bond. The main benefit to owning preferred stock is that the investor has a greater claim on the company’s assets than common stockholders. Preferred stockholders always receive their dividends, and in the event the company goes bankrupt are paid off before common stockholders. An Underlying Fund may purchase preferred stock where the issuer has omitted, or is in danger of omitting, payment of its dividend. Such investments would be made primarily for their capital appreciation potential.
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Put Bonds
An Underlying Fund may invest in securities (including securities with variable interest rates), the interest on which is excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes (“tax-exempt securities”), that may be redeemed or sold back (put) to the issuer of the security or a third party prior to stated maturity (put bonds). Such securities normally will trade as if maturity is the earliest put date, even though stated maturity is longer. Under an Underlying Fund’s portfolio allocation procedure, maturity for put bonds is deemed to be the date on which the put becomes exercisable.
Recent Market Conditions and Regulatory Developments
Global economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely affect issuers in another country or region. Geopolitical and other risks, including war, terrorism, trade disputes, political or economic dysfunction within some nations, public health crises and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters such as earthquakes, fire, and floods, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. Changes in trade policies and international trade agreements could affect the economies of many countries in unpredictable ways. Likewise, systemic market dislocations of the kind that occurred during the financial crisis that began in 2008, if repeated, would be highly disruptive to economies and markets, adversely affecting individual companies and industries, securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of a Fund’s investments. Some countries, including the United States, are adopting more protectionist trade policies and moving away from the tighter financial industry regulations that followed the 2008 financial crisis, which may also affect the value of a Fund’s investments.
Political events within the United States at times have resulted, and may in the future result, in a shutdown of government services, which could negatively impact the U.S. economy, decrease the value of a Fund’s investments, increase uncertainty in or impair the operation of the U.S. or other securities markets and degrade investor and consumer confidence, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree.
Certain illnesses spread rapidly and have the potential to significantly and adversely affect the global economy and the value of a Fund’s investments. An outbreak of respiratory disease called COVID-19 was first detected in China in December 2019 and subsequently spread internationally. The transmission of COVID-19 and efforts to contain its spread have resulted in international, national, and local border closings and other significant travel restrictions and disruptions, significant disruptions to business operations, supply chains, and customer activity, significant challenges in healthcare service preparation and delivery, and quarantines, as well as general concern and uncertainty that has negatively affected the economic environment. These impacts have caused significant volatility and declines in global financial markets, which have caused losses for investors. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may be short term or may last for an extended period of time, and in either case could result in a substantial economic downturn or recession. Public health crises may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social, economic, market, and financial risks.
Some economists have expressed concern that the continued spread of COVID-19 could lead to a world-wide economic downturn. In the past, instability in the global capital markets resulted in disruptions in liquidity in the debt capital markets, significant write-offs in the financial services sector, the repricing of credit risk in credit markets, and the failure of major domestic and international financial institutions. There can be no assurance that market conditions will not worsen in the future. In an economic downturn, a Fund’s investments or the value of its portfolio is likely to decrease during these periods.
In addition, governments may adopt fiscal policies and financial measures in an attempt to lessen or shorten the economic impacts of such crises, which may also affect the value of a Fund’s investments. The markets could react strongly to expectations, which could increase volatility, especially if the market’s expectations for changes in government policies are not borne out.
Decisions by the U.S. Federal Reserve regarding interest rate and monetary policy can have a significant effect on the value of fixed-income securities as well as the overall strength of the U.S. economy. Precise interest rate predictions are difficult to make, and interest rates may change unexpectedly and dramatically in response to extreme changes in market or economic conditions. As a result, the value of fixed-income securities may vary widely under certain market conditions and may result in heightened market volatility and a decline in the value of a Fund’s portfolio.
Some market participants have expressed concern that passively managed index funds and other indexed products inflate the value of their component securities. If the component securities in such indices decline in value for this and other reasons, the value of a Fund’s investment in these securities will also decline.
Some countries, including the United States, are adopting more protectionist trade policies and are moving away from the tighter financial industry regulations that followed the 2008 financial crisis. The United States may also be considering significant new investments in infrastructure and national defense which, coupled with potentially lower federal taxes, could lead to sharply increased government borrowing and higher interest rates. The exact shape of these policies is still being worked out through the political process,
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but the equity and debt markets may react strongly to expectations, which could increase volatility, especially if the market’s expectations for changes in government policies are not borne out.
High public debt in the United States and other countries creates ongoing systemic and market risks and policymaking uncertainty. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the United States and abroad. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact on various markets of a significant rate increase or other significant policy changes, whether brought about by U.S. policy makers or by dislocations in world markets. For example, because investors may buy equity securities or other investments with borrowed money, a significant increase in interest rates may cause a decline in the markets for those investments. There is a greater risk of rising interest rates than has historically been the case due to the current period of relatively low rates and the effect of government fiscal policy initiatives and potential market reaction to those initiatives.
Some countries where economic conditions are still recovering from the 2008 crisis are perceived as still fragile. The crisis caused strains among countries in the euro-zone that have not been fully resolved, and it is not yet clear what measures, if any, EU or individual country officials may take in response. Withdrawal of government support, failure of efforts in response to the strains, or investor perception that such efforts are not succeeding could adversely impact the value and liquidity of certain securities and currencies.
The precise details and the resulting impact of the United Kingdom leaving the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit,” are impossible to know for sure at this point. The effect on the economies of the United Kingdom and the EU will likely depend on the nature of trade relations between the United Kingdom and the EU and other major economies following Brexit, which are matters to be negotiated. The outcomes may cause increased volatility and have a significant adverse impact on world financial markets, other international trade agreements, and the United Kingdom and European economies, as well as the broader global economy for some time.
In addition, global climate change may have an adverse effect on property and security values. A rise in sea levels, an increase in powerful windstorms and/or a storm-driven increase in flooding could cause coastal properties to lose value or become unmarketable altogether. Large wildfires driven by high winds and prolonged drought may devastate entire communities and may be very costly to any business found to be responsible for the fire or conducting operations in affected areas. These losses could adversely affect corporate borrowers and mortgage lenders, the value of mortgage-backed securities, the bonds of municipalities that depend on tax revenues and tourist dollars generated by such properties, and insurers of the property and/or of corporate, municipal or mortgage-backed securities. Since property and security values are driven largely by buyers’ perceptions, it is difficult to know the time period over which these effects might unfold. Economists warn that, unlike previous declines in the real estate market, properties in affected coastal zones may never recover their value.
Global climate change may have an adverse effect on property and security values. A rise in sea levels, an increase in powerful windstorms and/or a storm-driven increase in flooding could cause coastal properties to lose value or become unmarketable altogether.
Large wildfires driven by high winds and prolonged drought may devastate entire communities and may be very costly to any business found to be responsible for the fire. These losses could adversely affect corporate borrowers and mortgage lenders, the value of mortgage-backed securities, the bonds of municipalities that depend on tax revenues and tourist dollars generated by such properties, and insurers of the property and/or of corporate, municipal or mortgage-backed securities. Since property and security values are driven largely by buyers’ perceptions, it is difficult to know the time period over which these effects might unfold. Economists warn that, unlike previous declines in the real estate market, properties in affected coastal zones may not ever recover their value.
Repurchase Agreements
An Underlying Fund may invest in repurchase agreements, which are collateralized by underlying securities. A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which a security is purchased with a simultaneous commitment to sell it back to the seller (a commercial bank or recognized securities dealer) at an agreed upon price on an agreed upon date, usually not more than seven days from the date of purchase. The resale price reflects the purchase price plus an agreed upon market rate of interest, which is unrelated to the coupon rate or maturity of the purchased security. The Underlying Fund maintains custody of the underlying securities prior to their repurchase, either through its regular custodian or through a special “tri-party” custodian that maintains separate accounts for both the Underlying Fund and its counterparty. Thus, the obligation of the counterparty to pay the repurchase price on the date agreed to or upon demand is, in effect, secured by the underlying securities. In these transactions, the securities purchased by the Underlying Fund will be those in which it is authorized to invest and have a total value equal to or in excess of the amount of the repurchase obligation. If the seller defaults and the value of the underlying security declines, the Underlying Fund may incur a loss and may incur expenses in selling the collateral. If the seller seeks relief under the bankruptcy laws, the disposition of the collateral may be delayed or limited. An Underlying Fund will invest in repurchase agreement transactions with parties whose creditworthiness has been reviewed and found satisfactory by the Manager.
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Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper and Rule 144A Securities
An Underlying Fund may invest in commercial paper issued in reliance on the “private placement” exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) (“Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper”). Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper is restricted as to disposition under the federal securities laws; therefore, any resale of Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper must be effected in a transaction exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper normally is resold to other investors through or with the assistance of the issuer or investment dealers who make a market in Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper, thus providing liquidity.
An Underlying Fund also may purchase restricted securities eligible for resale to “qualified institutional buyers” pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act (Rule 144A Securities). Rule 144A provides a non-exclusive safe harbor from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act for resales of certain securities to institutional investors.
However, investing in Rule 144A securities and Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper could have the effect of increasing the level of an Underlying Fund’s illiquidity to the extent that qualified institutional buyers become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing these securities.
Securities of Other Investment Companies
Each Fund and Underlying Fund may invest in securities issued by other investment companies that qualify as “money market funds” under applicable SEC rules. Any such investment would be made in accordance with the Fund’s investment policies and applicable law. In addition, an Underlying Fund may invest in securities issued by other non-money market investment companies (including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”)).
ETFs are, with a few exceptions, open-end investment companies that trade throughout the day. Almost all ETFs trade on stock exchanges and typically track a market index or specific sectors of the stock or bond markets. Because they trade like a stock, they offer trading flexibility desired by both individuals and institutions. The value of the underlying securities held by an ETF is a major factor in determining an ETF’s price. However, ETFs do not necessarily trade at the net asset values of their underlying securities. The price of an ETF also is determined by supply and demand and, as a result, the share price of an ETF may trade at a premium or discount to its NAV.
As a shareholder of another investment company, a Fund would indirectly bear, along with other shareholders, its pro rata portion of the other investment company’s expenses, including advisory fees. These expenses would be in addition to the advisory and other expenses that a Fund bears in connection with its own operations.
To the extent a Fund invests in ETFs, it will be exposed to the same risks of the ETFs’ holdings as the ETFs themselves in direct proportion to the allocation of the Fund’s assets among those ETFs. In addition, each ETF typically is a “passive investor” and therefore invests in the securities and sectors contained in the index it seeks to track without regard for or analysis of the prospects of such securities or sectors. An ETF may invest in all of the securities in such index or in a representative sample of such securities. ETFs generally do not attempt to take defensive positions in volatile or declining markets or under other conditions. Furthermore, ETFs usually are not able to duplicate exactly the performance of the underlying indexes they track. The difference in performance between an ETF and the index it seeks to track can be due to, among other factors, the expenses that the ETF pays, regulatory constraints, investment strategies, or techniques undertaken by the ETF, and changes to an underlying index. There also may be a lack of correlation between the securities in an index and those actually held by an ETF. The performance of a Fund that invests in such an ETF could be adversely impacted. In addition, although the ETFs generally are listed on securities exchanges, there can be no assurances that an active trading market for such ETFs will be maintained. Secondary market trading in the ETFs also may be halted by a national securities exchange because of market conditions or for other reasons. There can be no assurances that the requirement necessary to maintain the listing of the ETFs will continue to be met or will remain unchanged.
The Funds may invest in securities issued by other investment companies subject to statutory limitations prescribed by the 1940 Act. Certain exceptions to these limitations are provided by the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. The Funds also may rely on certain SEC exemptive orders that permit funds meeting various conditions to invest in an ETF in amounts exceeding limits set forth in the 1940 Act that would otherwise be applicable.
Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities (“STRIPS”)
An Underlying Fund may invest in STRIPS, which are U.S. Treasury securities that allow the investor to hold and trade the individual interest and principal components of eligible Treasury notes and bonds as separate securities. STRIPS can only be purchased and held through financial institutions and government securities brokers and dealers. These securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
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Structured Notes
An Underlying Fund may invest in structured notes. Structured notes are derivative debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator. A structured note may be positively, negatively or both positively and negatively indexed; that is, its value or interest rate may increase or decrease if the value of the reference instrument increases. Similarly, its value may increase or decrease if the value of the reference instrument decreases. Further, the change in the principal amount payable with respect to, or the interest rate of, a structured note may be a multiple of the percentage change (positive or negative) in the value of the underlying reference instrument(s). Structured or indexed securities also may be more volatile, less liquid, and more difficult to accurately price than less complex securities or more traditional debt securities.
Swap Arrangements
An Underlying Fund may enter into various forms of swap arrangements with counterparties with respect to interest rates, currency rates or indexes, including purchase of caps, floors and collars as described below. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to more than one year.
In an interest rate swap the Underlying Fund could agree for a specified period to pay a bank or investment banker the floating rate of interest on a so-called notional principal amount (i.e., an assumed figure selected by the parties for this purpose) in exchange for agreement by the bank or investment banker to pay the Underlying Fund a fixed rate of interest on the notional principal amount. In a currency swap the Underlying Fund would agree with the other party to exchange cash flows based on the relative differences in values of a notional amount of two (or more) currencies; in an index swap, the Underlying Fund would agree to exchange cash flows on a notional amount based on changes in the values of the selected indexes. The purchase of a cap entitles the purchaser to receive payments from the seller on a notional amount to the extent that the selected index exceeds an agreed upon interest rate or amount, whereas the purchase of a floor entitles the purchaser to receive such payments to the extent the selected index falls below an agreed upon interest rate or amount. A collar combines buying a cap and selling a floor.
Most swaps entered into by an Underlying Fund will be on a net basis. For example, in an interest rate swap, amounts generated by application of the fixed rate and floating rate to the notional principal amount would first offset one another, with the Underlying Fund either receiving or paying the difference between such amounts. In order to be in a position to meet any obligations resulting from swaps, an Underlying Fund will set up a segregated custodial account to hold liquid assets, including cash. For swaps entered into on a net basis, assets will be segregated having an NAV equal to any excess of an Underlying Fund’s accrued obligations over the accrued obligations of the other party; for swaps on other than a net basis, assets will be segregated having a value equal to the total amount of an Underlying Fund’s obligations. Collateral is treated as illiquid.
Swap agreements historically have been individually negotiated, and most swap arrangements are currently traded over-the-counter. Certain standardized swaps currently are, and more in the future will be, centrally cleared and traded on either a swap execution facility or a designated contract market. Cleared swaps are transmitted through FCMs that are members of central clearinghouses with the clearinghouse serving as a central counterparty similar to transactions in futures contracts. Central clearing is expected to decrease counterparty risk and increase liquidity compared to uncleared swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each participant's swap. However, central clearing does not eliminate counterparty risk or illiquidity risk entirely. For example, swaps that are centrally cleared are subject to the creditworthiness of the clearing organization involved in the transaction. An investor could lose margin payments it has deposited with its FCM as well as the net amount of gains not yet paid by the clearing organization if the clearing organization becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In the event of bankruptcy of the clearing organization, the investor may be entitled to the net amount of gains the investor is entitled to receive plus the return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the clearing organization’s other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the investor. In addition, depending on the size of a portfolio and other factors, the margin required under the rules of a clearinghouse and by a clearing member FCM may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by a portfolio to support its obligations under a similar uncleared swap. It is expected, however, that regulators will adopt rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on uncleared swaps in the near future, which could reduce the distinction.
These swap arrangements will be made primarily for hedging purposes to preserve the return on an investment or on a portion of an Underlying Fund’s portfolio. However, an Underlying Fund may, as noted above, enter into such arrangements for income purposes to the extent permitted by applicable law. In entering into a swap arrangement, an Underlying Fund is dependent upon the creditworthiness and good faith of the counterparty. An Underlying Fund will attempt to reduce the risk of nonperformance by the counterparty by dealing only with established, reputable institutions. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation and in some cases transacting in swaps that are centrally cleared and exchange-traded. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid. Certain swap transactions involve more recent innovations for which standardized documentation has not yet been fully developed and generally will not be centrally cleared or traded on an exchange and, accordingly, they are less liquid than traditional swap transactions.
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An Underlying Fund may enter into interest rate swaps, the use of which is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Manager is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates, or other applicable factors, the investment performance of an Underlying Fund would diminish compared with what it would have been if these investment techniques were not used. Moreover, even if the Manager is correct in its forecasts, there is a risk that the swap position may correlate imperfectly with the price of the asset or liability being hedged.
An Underlying Fund may enter into credit default swap (“CDS”) contracts for investment purposes. The Underlying Funds also may invest in credit default swap indexes, which are portfolios of credit default swaps with similar characteristics. If an Underlying Fund is a seller of a CDS contract, an Underlying Fund would be required to pay the par (or other agreed upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or foreign corporate issuer, on the debt obligation. In return, an Underlying Fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, an Underlying Fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. As the seller, an Underlying Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. As the seller, an Underlying Fund also is not required to remain in the CDS contract until default or maturity and could terminate the contract and incur a realized gain or loss.
An Underlying Fund also may purchase CDS contracts in order to hedge against the risk of default of debt securities it holds, in which case an Underlying Fund would function as the counterparty referenced above. This would involve the risk that the swap may expire worthless and would only generate income in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial instability). It also would involve credit risk; the seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to an Underlying Fund in the event of a default. As the buyer, an Underlying Fund is not required to remain in the CDS contract until default or maturity and could terminate the contract and incur a realized gain or loss.
The swap market was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act. The Dodd-Frank Act has changed the way the U.S. swap market is supervised and regulated. Developments in the swap market under final implementing regulations under the Dodd-Frank Act will adversely affect an Underlying Fund’s ability to enter into certain swaps in the over-the-counter market (and require that certain of such instruments be exchange-traded and centrally cleared). Dodd-Frank Act developments also could adversely affect an Underlying Fund’s ability to support swap trades with collateral, terminate new or existing swap agreements, or realize amounts to be received under such instruments. Regulations that are being developed by the CFTC and banking regulators will require an Underlying Fund to post margin on over-the-counter swaps, and clearing organizations and exchanges require minimum margin requirements for exchange-traded and cleared swaps. These changes under the Dodd-Frank Act may increase the cost of an Underlying Fund’s swap investments, which could adversely affect Underlying Fund investors.
Synthetic Instruments
An Underlying Fund may invest in tender option bonds, bond receipts, and similar synthetic municipal instruments. A synthetic instrument is a security created by combining an intermediate or long-term municipal bond with a right to sell the instrument back to the remarketer or liquidity provider for repurchase on short notice. This right to sell is commonly referred to as a tender option. Usually, the tender option is backed by a conditional guarantee or letter of credit from a bank or other financial institution. Under its terms, the guarantee may expire if the municipality defaults on payments of interest or principal on the underlying bond, if the credit rating of the municipality is downgraded, or interest on the underlying bond ceases to be excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes. The recent economic downturn and budgetary constraints have made municipal securities more susceptible to downgrade, default, and bankruptcy. Synthetic instruments involve structural risks that could adversely affect the value of the instrument or could result in an Underlying Fund’s holding an instrument for a longer period of time than originally anticipated. For example, because of the structure of a synthetic instrument, there is a risk that an Underlying Fund will not be able to exercise its tender option.
Temporary Defensive Policy
Each Fund and certain Underlying Funds may, on a temporary basis because of market, economic, political, or other conditions, invest up to 100% of its assets in investment-grade, short-term debt instruments. Such securities may consist of obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements secured by such instruments; certificates of deposit of domestic banks having capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of $100 million; bankers' acceptances of similar banks; commercial paper; and other corporate debt obligations.
Treasury Inflation-Indexed Securities
An Underlying Fund may invest in treasury inflation-indexed securities (also referred to as “treasury inflation-protected securities” or “TIPS”), which are U.S. Treasury securities that have been designed to provide a real rate of return after being adjusted over time to reflect the impact of inflation. Their principal value periodically adjusts to take into account the rate of inflation. They trade at
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prevailing real, or after inflation, interest rates. The U.S. Treasury guarantees repayment of at least the face value of these securities in the event of sustained deflation or a drop in prices.
While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure. If inflation is lower than expected while an Underlying Fund holds TIPS, the Underlying Fund may earn less on the TIPS than it would on conventional Treasury bonds.
Variable-Rate and Floating-Rate Securities
An Underlying Fund may invest in variable-rate and floating-rate securities, which bear interest at rates that are adjusted periodically to market rates. These interest rate adjustments can both raise and lower the income generated by such securities. These changes will have the same effect on the income earned by an Underlying Fund depending on the proportion of such securities held. Because the interest rates of variable-rate and floating-rate securities are periodically adjusted to reflect current market rates, the market value of the variable-rate and floating-rate securities is less affected by changes in prevailing interest rates than the market value of securities with fixed interest rates. The market value of variable-rate and floating-rate securities usually tends toward par (100% of face value) at interest rate adjustment time.
Similar to fixed-rate debt instruments, variable- and floating-rate instruments are subject to changes in value based on changes in market interest rates or changes in the issuer’s creditworthiness. In addition, variable- and floating-rate securities are subject to the risk of loss of principal and income. Although borrowers frequently provide collateral to secure repayment of these obligations they do not always do so and these securities may be unsecured. If borrowers do provide collateral, the value of the collateral may not completely cover the borrower’s obligations at the time of a default. If a borrower files for protection from its creditors under bankruptcy laws, these laws may limit an Underlying Fund’s rights to its collateral. In the event of a bankruptcy, the holder of a variable- or floating-rate loan may not recover its principal, may experience a long delay in recovering its investment, and may not receive interest during the delay.
Variable-Rate Demand Notes (“VRDNs”)
An Underlying Fund may invest in VRDNs, which are securities that provide the right to sell the security at face value on either that day or within a rate-reset period. The interest rate is adjusted at a stipulated daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, or other specified time interval to a rate that reflects current market conditions. The effective maturity for these instruments is deemed to be less than 397 days in accordance with detailed SEC regulatory requirements. These interest rate adjustments can both raise and lower the income generated by such securities. These changes will have the same effect on the income earned by an Underlying Fund depending on the proportion of such securities held. VRDNs are tax-exempt securities.
When-Issued and Delayed-Delivery Securities
An Underlying Fund may invest in debt securities offered on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis or for delayed draws on loans; that is, delivery of and payment for the securities take place after the date of the commitment to purchase, normally within 45 days. The payment obligation and the interest rate that will be received on the securities are each fixed at the time the buyer enters into the commitment. An Underlying Fund receives a commitment fee for delayed draws on loans. An Underlying Fund may sell these securities before the settlement date.
Debt securities purchased on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis are subject to changes in value in the same way as other debt securities held in the Underlying Funds' portfolios; that is, both generally experience appreciation when interest rates decline and depreciation when interest rates rise. The value of such securities also will be affected by the public’s perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and anticipated changes in the level of interest rates. Purchasing securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis involves a risk that the yields available in the market when the delivery takes place may actually be higher than those obtained in the transaction itself. To ensure that the Underlying Fund will be able to meet its obligation to pay for when-issued or delayed-delivery securities and delayed-draws loan commitments at the time of settlement, an Underlying Fund will segregate cash or liquid securities at least equal to the amount of the when-issued or delayed-delivery commitments. The segregated securities are valued at market, and any necessary adjustments are made to keep the value of the cash and/or segregated securities at least equal to the amount of such commitments by the Underlying Fund.
On the settlement date of the when-issued or delayed-delivery securities or for delayed draws on loans, an Underlying Fund will meet its obligations from then-available cash, sale of segregated securities, sale of other securities, or from sale of the when-issued or delayed-delivery securities themselves (which may have a value greater or less than the Underlying Fund’s payment obligations). The availability of liquid assets for this purpose and the effect of asset segregation on an Underlying Fund’s ability to meet its current obligations, to honor requests for redemption, and otherwise to manage its investment portfolio will limit the extent to which
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the Underlying Fund may purchase when-issued and delayed delivery securities. An Underlying Fund may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with such transactions.
Zero Coupon Bonds
An Underlying Fund may invest in zero coupon bonds. A zero coupon bond is a security that is sold at a discount from its face value (original issue discount), makes no periodic interest payments, and is redeemed at face value when it matures. The lump sum payment at maturity increases the price volatility of the zero coupon bond in response to changes in interest rates when compared to a bond that distributes a semiannual coupon payment. In calculating its income, a Underlying Fund accrues the daily amortization of the original issue discount.
Investment Restrictions
The following investment restrictions have been adopted by the Trust for each Fund. These restrictions may not be changed without approval by the lesser of (1) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a meeting of a Fund if more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund are present or represented by proxy or (2) more than 50% of that Fund’s outstanding voting securities. The investment restrictions of one Fund may thus be changed without affecting those of any other Fund.
Each Fund:
(1)    may not borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable relief.
(2)    may not purchase the securities of any issuer (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities) if, as a result, more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of companies whose principal business activities are in the same industry.
(3)    may not issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act.
(4)    may not underwrite securities of other issuers, except to the extent that it may be deemed to act as a statutory underwriter in the distribution of any restricted securities or not readily marketable securities.
(5)    may make loans only as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, and any applicable exemptive relief.
(6)    may not purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments issued by persons that purchase or sell commodities or commodities contracts; but this shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing, selling, and entering into financial futures contracts (including futures contracts on indices of securities, interest rates, and currencies), options on financial futures contracts (including futures contracts on indices of securities, interest rates, and currencies), warrants, swaps, forward contracts, foreign currency spot and forward contracts, or other derivative instruments that are not related to physical commodities.
(7)    may not purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except that each Fund may invest in securities or other instruments backed by real estate or securities of companies that deal in real estate or are engaged in the real estate business.
With respect to each Retirement Fund’s concentration policies as described above, the Manager may determine “industry” by using various recognized industry classification services including, but not limited to industry classifications established by S&P, Bloomberg L.P., and Frank Russell Company, with certain modifications. The Manager also may include additional industries as separate classifications, to the extent applicable. Because the Manager has determined that certain categories within, or in addition to, those set forth by S&P have unique investment characteristics, additional industries may be included as industry classifications. The Manager classifies municipal obligations by projects with similar characteristics, such as toll road revenue bonds, housing revenue bonds, or higher education revenue bonds. For the purposes of this policy, the Retirement Funds do not treat investment companies as an industry.
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage Commissions
The Manager, subject to the general control of the Board, places all orders for the purchase and sale of USAA Fund securities. In executing portfolio transactions and selecting brokers and dealers, it is the Trust’s policy to seek the best overall terms available. The Manager shall consider such factors as it deems relevant, including the breadth of the market in the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer, and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction or on a continuing basis. Securities purchased or sold in the over-the-counter market will be executed through principal market makers,
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except when, in the opinion of the Manager, better prices and execution are available elsewhere. In addition, the Manager may effect certain “riskless principal” transactions through certain dealers in over-the-counter markets under which mark-ups or mark-downs (which in this context may be deemed the equivalent of commissions) are paid on such transactions. Investment company securities (including securities of the Underlying Funds) generally are purchased directly from the issuer and, as a result, typically do not involve brokerage commissions.
The Funds will have no obligation to deal with any particular broker or group of brokers in the execution of portfolio transactions. The Funds contemplate that, consistent with obtaining the best overall terms available, brokerage transactions may be effected through affiliated brokers of the Manager. The Board has adopted procedures in conformity with the requirements of Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act designed to ensure that all brokerage commissions paid to any broker affiliated directly or indirectly with the Funds or the Manager are reasonable and fair. The Board has authorized the Manager for a Fund to effect portfolio transactions for the Fund on any exchange of which the Manager (or any entity or person associated with the Manager) is a member and to retain compensation in connection with such transactions. Any such transactions will be effected and related compensation paid only in accordance with applicable SEC regulations.
The Board has approved procedures in conformity with the requirements of Rule 10f-3 under the 1940 Act whereby a Fund may purchase securities that are offered in underwritings in which an affiliate of the Manager participates. These procedures prohibit the Funds from directly or indirectly benefiting an affiliate of the Manager in connection with such underwritings. In addition, for underwritings where the Manager or affiliate participates as a principal underwriter, certain restrictions may apply that could, among other things, limit the amount of securities that the Funds could purchase in the underwritings.
In the allocation of brokerage business used to purchase securities for the Funds, preference may be given to those broker-dealers who provide research and brokerage services to the Manager as long as there is no sacrifice in obtaining the best overall terms available. Payment for such services also may be generated through fixed-price public offering underwriting concessions from purchases of new issue fixed-income securities. Such research and brokerage services may include, for example: advice concerning the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities, and the availability of securities or the purchasers or sellers of securities; analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy, and performance of accounts; and various functions incidental to effecting securities transactions, such as clearance and settlement. These research services also may include access to research on third-party databases, such as historical data on companies, financial statements, earnings history and estimates, and corporate releases; real-time quotes and financial news; research on specific fixed-income securities; research on international market news and securities; and rating services on companies and industries. Thus, the Manager may be able to supplement its own information and to consider the views and information of other research organizations in arriving at its investment decisions. If such information is received and it is in fact useful to the Manager, it may tend to reduce the Manager’s costs.
In return for such services, a Fund may pay to a broker a “higher commission” (as such term may be interpreted by the SEC) than may be charged by other brokers, provided that the Manager determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or of the overall responsibility of the Manager to the Funds. The receipt of research from broker-dealers that execute transactions on behalf of the Trust may be useful to the Manager in rendering investment management services to other clients (including affiliates of the Manager); and conversely, such research provided by broker-dealers who have executed transaction orders on behalf of other clients may be useful to the Manager in carrying out its obligations to the Trust. While such research is available to and may be used by the Manager in providing investment advice to all its clients (including affiliates of the Manager), not all of such research may be used by the Manager for the benefit of the Trust. Such research and services will be in addition to and not in lieu of research and services provided by the Manager, and the expenses of the Manager will not necessarily be reduced by the receipt of such supplemental research. See Trust’s Manager and Other Service Providers.
The Manager continuously reviews the performance of the broker-dealers with which it places orders for transactions. A periodic evaluation is made of brokerage transaction costs and services. In evaluating the performance of brokers and dealers, the Manager considers whether the broker-dealer has generally provided the Manager with the best overall terms available, which includes obtaining the best available price and most favorable execution.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, and in all instances subject to the Funds’ policies regarding best execution, the Manager may allocate brokerage transactions to broker-dealers that have entered into commission recapture arrangements in which the broker-dealer allocates a portion of the commissions paid by the Fund toward the reduction of that Fund’s expenses. The Manager may use step-out trades where the executing broker-dealer agrees to step-out a portion of a larger trade to the commission recapture broker-dealer to facilitate the commission recapture arrangement.
Securities of the same issuer may be purchased, held, or sold at the same time by the Trust for any or all of its Funds or other accounts or companies for which the Manager acts as the investment adviser (including affiliates of the Manager). On occasions when the Manager deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interest of the Trust, as well as the Manager, the Manager, to the
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extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may aggregate such securities to be sold or purchased for the Trust with those to be sold or purchased for other customers in order to obtain best execution and lower brokerage commissions, if any. In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Manager in the manner it considers to be most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to all such customers, including the Trust. In some instances, this procedure may affect the price and size of the position obtainable for the Trust.
The Trust pays no brokerage commissions as such for debt securities. The market for such securities is typically a “dealer” market in which investment dealers buy and sell the securities for their own accounts, rather than for customers, and the price may reflect a dealer’s mark-up or mark-down. In addition, some securities may be purchased directly from issuers.
Brokerage Commissions:
During the last three fiscal years ended December 31, the Funds paid the following in brokerage fees.
Fund 2019 2018 2017
Target Retirement Income Fund

$3,838 $2,755 $1,072
Target Retirement 2020 Fund

$13,372 $6,985 $2,935
Target Retirement 2030 Fund

$32,139 $21,905 $8,164
Target Retirement 2040 Fund

$49,440 $29,653 $10,540
Target Retirement 2050 Fund

$31,737 $17,868 $6,160
Target Retirement 2060 Fund

$4,648 $2,403 $585
Portfolio Turnover Rates
The rate of portfolio turnover of a Fund will not be a limiting factor when the Manager deems changes in the Fund’s portfolio appropriate in view of its investment objective(s). Ordinarily, a Fund will not purchase or sell securities solely to achieve short-term trading profits, although a Fund may sell portfolio securities without regard to the length of time held if consistent with the Fund’s investment objective(s). These activities may increase the portfolio turnover rate for the Fund, which may result in the Fund’s incurring higher brokerage costs and realizing more taxable gains (including net short-term capital gains, which will be taxed to the Fund’s shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them) than would otherwise be the case in the absence of such activities.
The portfolio turnover rate is computed by dividing the dollar amount of securities purchased or sold (whichever is smaller) by the average value of securities owned during the year. Short-term investments such as, but not limited to, commercial paper and short-term U.S. government securities are not considered when computing the portfolio turnover rate.
For the past two fiscal years ended December 31, the Funds’ portfolio turnover rates were as follows:
Fund 2019 2018
Target Retirement Income Fund

16% 29%
Target Retirement 2020 Fund

28% 34%
Target Retirement 2030 Fund

24% 36%
Target Retirement 2040 Fund

29% 35%
Target Retirement 2050 Fund

30% 36%
Target Retirement 2060 Fund

29% 36%
Fund History and Description of Shares
The Trust, formerly known as USAA State Tax-Free Trust, is an open-end management investment company established as a statutory trust under the laws of the state of Delaware pursuant to a Master Trust Agreement dated June 21, 1993, as amended. The Trust is authorized to issue shares of beneficial interest in separate portfolios. The Trust currently includes 47 portfolios, six of which are described in this SAI.
Under the Master Trust Agreement, the Board is authorized to create new portfolios in addition to those already existing without shareholder approval. The Funds are series of the Trust and are diversified. The Trust began offering shares of the Target Retirement Income Fund, Target Retirement 2020 Fund, Target Retirement 2030 Fund, Target Retirement 2040 Fund, and Target Retirement 2050 Fund in July 2008, and the Target Retirement 2060 Fund in July 2013.
Each Fund’s assets and all income, earnings, profits, and proceeds thereof, subject only to the rights of creditors, are specifically allocated solely to such Fund. They constitute the underlying assets of each Fund, are required to be segregated on the books of account, and are to be charged with the expenses of such Fund. Each share of each Fund represents an equal proportionate interest in that Fund
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with every other share and is entitled to dividends and other distributions out of the net income and capital gains belonging to that Fund when declared by the Board. Upon liquidation of that Fund, shareholders are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets belonging to such Fund available for distribution. Any general expenses of the Trust not readily identifiable as belonging to a particular Fund are allocated on the basis of the Funds’ relative net assets during the fiscal year or in such other manner as the Trustees determine to be fair and equitable.
Under the Trust’s Master Trust Agreement, no annual or regular meeting of shareholders is required. Thus, there will ordinarily be no shareholder meeting unless required by the 1940 Act. Under certain circumstances, however, shareholders may apply to the Trustees for shareholder information in order to obtain signatures to request a special shareholder meeting. The Trust may fill vacancies on the Board or appoint new Trustees if the result is that at least two-thirds of the Trustees have still been elected by shareholders. Moreover, pursuant to the Master Trust Agreement, any Trustee may be removed by the vote of two-thirds of the outstanding Trust shares and holders of 10% or more of the outstanding shares of the Trust can require Trustees to call a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of voting on the removal of one or more Trustees. The Trust will assist in communicating to other shareholders about the meeting. On any matter submitted to the shareholders, the holder of each Fund share is entitled to one vote per share (with proportionate voting for fractional shares) regardless of the relative NAVs of the Fund’s shares. However, on matters affecting an individual Fund, a separate vote of the shareholders of that Fund is required. Shareholders of a Fund are not entitled to vote on any matter that does not affect that Fund but which requires a separate vote of another Fund.
Shares do not have cumulative voting rights, which means that holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees can elect 100% of the Trust’s Board, and the holders of less than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees will not be able to elect any person as a Trustee.
Shareholders of a particular Fund might have the power to elect all of the Trustees of the Trust because that Fund has a majority of the total outstanding shares of the Trust. When issued, each Fund’s shares are fully paid and nonassessable, have no pre-emptive or subscription rights, and are fully transferable. There are no conversion rights.
Tax Considerations
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) makes significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules for taxation of individuals and corporations. Many of the changes applicable to individuals are not permanent and only apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2026. The Tax Act makes changes to the tax rules affecting shareholders and the Funds, including various investments that each Fund may make. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors for more detailed information.
Taxation of the Funds
Each Fund, which is treated as a separate corporation for federal tax purposes, intends to continue to qualify each taxable year for treatment as a “regulated investment company” (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). If a Fund so qualifies it will not be liable for federal income tax on its net investment income and net capital gains (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) that it distributes to its shareholders.
To continue to qualify for treatment as a RIC, a Fund must, among other things, (1) derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from (a) dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, and or other income (including gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in stock, securities, or such currencies, and (b) net income from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (i.e., a publicly traded partnership that is treated as a partnership for federal tax purposes and derives less than 90% of its gross income from the items described in clause (a)) income requirement; (2)  distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (generally consisting of net investment income, the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss, and net gains and losses from certain foreign currency transactions) for the taxable year (“distribution requirement”); and (3) satisfy certain diversification requirements at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year (“diversification requirement”).
If a Fund failed to qualify for RIC treatment for any taxable year either (1) by failing to satisfy the distribution requirement, even if it satisfied the income requirements and diversification requirements (collectively, “Other Qualification Requirements”), or (2) by failing to satisfy any of the Other Qualification Requirements and was unable to, or determined not to, avail itself of Code provisions that enable a RIC to cure a failure to satisfy any of the Other Qualification Requirements as long as the failure “is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect” and the RIC pays a deductible tax calculated in accordance with those provisions and meets certain other requirements, then for federal income tax purposes it would be taxed as an ordinary corporation on the full amount of its taxable income for that year without being able to deduct the distributions it makes to its shareholders. In addition, for those purposes all those distributions, including distributions of net capital gain, would be taxable to its shareholders as dividends to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits. For individual and certain other non-corporate shareholders (each, an “individual shareholder”), those dividends
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would be taxable as “qualified dividend income” (as described in each Fund’s prospectus) (QDI) and thus subject to federal income tax at the lower rates for net capital gain. In the case of corporate shareholders that meet certain holding period and other requirements regarding their shares of the Fund, all or part of those dividends would be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. Furthermore, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before requalifying for RIC treatment.
The Code imposes a nondeductible 4% excise tax (“Excise Tax”) on a RIC that fails to distribute during a calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of its ordinary (taxable) income for the year, (2) 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the 12-month period ending on October 31 of that year, plus (3) any prior undistributed taxable income and gains. Each Fund intends to continue to make distributions necessary to avoid imposition of the Excise Tax. However, a Fund may in certain circumstances be required to liquidate portfolio investments to make those distributions, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss.
The use of hedging strategies, such as writing (selling) and purchasing options and futures contracts and entering into forward currency contracts, involves complex rules that will determine for federal income tax purposes the amount, character, and timing of recognition of the gains and losses a Fund realizes in connection therewith. Gain from the disposition of foreign currencies (except certain gains that may be excluded by future regulations), and gains from options, futures contracts, and forward currency contracts a Fund derives with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign currencies, will be treated as “qualifying income” under the income requirements. The tax treatment of swap agreements and other derivative instruments, such as commodity-linked derivative instruments, including commodity index-linked notes, commodity options, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts, may be affected by future regulatory or legislative changes that could affect whether income (earned directly or indirectly) from such investments is such “qualifying income.”
Each Fund will invest its assets primarily in shares of Underlying Funds, as well as cash and money market instruments. Accordingly, a Fund’s income will consist of distributions from the Underlying Funds and net gains realized from the disposition of shares of those funds. If an Underlying Fund qualifies for treatment as a RIC each has done so for its past taxable years and intends to continue to do so for its current and future taxable years (1) dividends paid to a Fund from the Underlying Fund’s investment company taxable income (which may include net gains from certain foreign currency transactions) will be taxable to the Fund as ordinary income to the extent of the Underlying Fund’s earnings and profits and (2) distributions paid to a Fund from the Underlying Fund’s net capital gain will be taxable to the Fund as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long the Fund has held the Underlying Fund’s shares. (As noted in the Funds’ prospectus, a Fund will be able to avoid having to pay entity-level income tax on these distributions by distributing the amount thereof to its shareholders.) If a Fund purchases shares of an Underlying Fund within 30 days before or after redeeming other shares of that fund at a loss (whether pursuant to a rebalancing of the Fund’s portfolio or otherwise), all or a part of the loss will not be deductible by the Fund and instead will increase its basis in the newly purchased shares.
Some futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and “nonequity” options (i.e., certain listed options, such as those on a “broad-based” securities index) but not including any “securities futures contract” that is not a “dealer securities futures contract” (both as defined in the Code) and any interest rate swap, currency swap, basis swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor, commodity swap, equity swap, equity index swap, credit default swap, or similar agreement in which a Fund invests may be subject to section 1256 of the Code (collectively, “section 1256 contracts”). Any section 1256 contracts a Fund holds at the end of its taxable year generally must be “marked-to-market” (that is, treated as having been sold at that time for their fair market value) for federal income tax purposes, with the result that unrealized gains or losses will be treated as though they were realized. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these deemed sales, and 60% of any net realized gain or loss from any actual sales of section 1256 contracts, will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. These rules may operate to increase the amount that a Fund must distribute to satisfy the distribution requirement (i.e., with respect to the portion treated as short-term capital gain), which will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them, and to increase the net capital gain a Fund recognizes, without in either case increasing the cash available to it.
Section 988 of the Code also may apply to forward currency contracts and options and futures contracts on foreign currencies. Under that section, each foreign currency gain or loss generally is computed separately and treated as ordinary income or loss. These gains or losses will increase or decrease the amount of a Fund’s investment company taxable income to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income, rather than affecting the amount of its net capital gain. In the case of overlap between sections 1256 and 988, special provisions determine the character and timing of any income, gain, or loss.
Section 1092 of the Code (dealing with straddles) also may affect the taxation of certain options, futures contracts, and forward currency contracts in which a Fund may invest. That section defines a “straddle” as offsetting positions with respect to actively traded personal property; for these purposes, options, futures contracts, and forward currency contracts are positions in personal property. Under that section, any loss from the disposition of a position in a straddle generally may be deducted only to the extent the loss exceeds the unrealized gain on the offsetting position(s) of the straddle. In addition, these rules may postpone the recognition of loss that otherwise would be recognized under the mark-to-market rules discussed above. The regulations under section 1092 also provide certain “wash sale” rules, which apply to transactions where a position is sold at a loss and a new offsetting position is acquired within
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a prescribed period, and “short sale” rules applicable to straddles. If a Fund makes certain elections, the amount, character, and timing of recognition of gains and losses from the affected straddle positions would be determined under rules that vary according to the elections made. Because only a few of the regulations implementing the straddle rules have been promulgated, the tax consequences to a Fund of straddle transactions are not entirely clear.
Each Fund will monitor its transactions, make appropriate tax elections, and make appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any option, futures contract, forward currency contract, foreign currency, or hedged investment to mitigate the effect of the foregoing rules, prevent its disqualification as a RIC, and minimize the imposition of federal income tax and the Excise Tax.
Certain Funds may invest in the stock of “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”). A PFIC is any foreign corporation (with certain exceptions) that, in general, meets either of the following tests for a taxable year: (1) at least 75% of its gross income is passive or (2) an average of at least 50% of its assets produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. Under certain circumstances, a Fund will be subject to federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” it receives on the stock of a PFIC and of any gain on its disposition of that stock (collectively, PFIC income), plus interest thereon, even if the Fund distributes the PFIC income as a dividend to its shareholders. The balance of the PFIC income will be included in the Fund’s investment company taxable income and, accordingly, will not be taxable to it to the extent it distributes that income to its shareholders. Fund distributions thereof will not be eligible for the reduced maximum federal income tax rates on individual shareholders’ QDI.
If a Fund invests in a PFIC and elects to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (“QEF”), then in lieu of the foregoing tax and interest obligation, the Fund would be required to include in income each taxable year its pro rata share of the QEF’s annual ordinary earnings and net capital gain which the Fund likely would have to distribute to satisfy the distribution requirement and avoid imposition of the Excise Tax even if the QEF did not distribute those earnings and gain to the Fund. In most instances it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to make this election because some of the information required to make this election may not be easily obtainable.
Each Fund may elect to “mark to market” its stock in certain PFICs it owns at the end of its taxable year, in which event it would be required to distribute to its shareholders any resulting gains in accordance with the distribution requirement. “Marking-to-market,” in this context, means including in gross income each taxable year (and treating as ordinary income) the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the stock over a Fund’s adjusted basis therein (including mark-to-market gain for each prior taxable year for which an election was in effect) as of the end of that year. Pursuant to the election, a Fund also would be allowed to deduct (as an ordinary, not a capital, loss) the excess, if any, of its adjusted basis in PFIC stock over the fair market value thereof as of the taxable year-end, but only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains with respect to that stock the Fund included in income for prior taxable years under the election. A Fund’s adjusted basis in each PFIC’s stock subject to the election would be adjusted to reflect the amounts of income included and deductions taken thereunder.
Investors should note that a Fund’s determination whether a foreign corporation is a PFIC is a fact-intensive determination that is based on various facts and circumstances and thus is subject to change, and the principles and methodology used in determining whether a foreign corporation is a PFIC are subject to interpretation. It is possible that a Fund could invest in a foreign corporation that becomes, or is determined to be, a PFIC after the Fund invests therein. It is anticipated that any federal income tax imposed on a Fund with respect to investments in PFICs would be insignificant.
Each Fund may invest in ownership units (i.e., limited partnership interests) in MLPs, which generally are classified as partnerships for federal tax purposes.  Most MLPs in which a Fund may invest are expected to be QPTPs, all the net income from which (regardless of source) would be qualifying income to an investing Fund under the income requirement. If a Fund invests in an MLP, or an ETF organized as a partnership, that is not a QPTP, including a company principally engaged in the real estate industry that is classified for federal tax purposes as a partnership (and not as a corporation or REIT), the net income the Fund earns therefore would be treated as qualifying income under the income requirement only to the extent it would be qualifying income if realized directly by the Fund in the same manner as realized by the MLP, ETF, or company.
For federal income tax purposes, debt securities purchased by a Fund, including zero coupon bonds, may be treated as having original issue discount (“OID”) (generally, the excess of the stated redemption price at maturity of a debt obligation over its issue price). OID is treated for those purposes as earned by a Fund as it accrues, whether or not any payment is actually received, and therefore is subject to the distribution requirement. Generally, the accrual of OID is determined on the basis of a constant yield to maturity, which takes into account the compounding of accrued interest. Because each Fund annually must distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income (determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid), including any accrued OID, to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the Excise Tax, the Fund may be required in a particular taxable year to distribute as a dividend an amount that is greater than the total amount of cash it actually receives. Those distributions will be made from a Fund’s cash assets or from the proceeds of sales of its portfolio securities, if necessary. A Fund may realize capital gains or losses from those sales, which would increase or decrease its investment company taxable income and/or net capital gain.
If a Fund purchases a debt security on a secondary market at a price lower than its stated redemption price, the difference is “market discount.” Generally, any gain realized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market
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discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on the debt security. Market discount generally accrues in equal daily installments.
A Fund also may purchase debt securities at a premium (i.e., at a purchase price in excess of face amount). The premium may be amortized if a Fund so elects. The amortized premium is first offset against interest received on the securities and then allowed as a deduction and generally must be amortized under an economic accrual method. The amortized bond premium on a security will reduce a Fund’s adjusted tax basis in the security.
Income from direct investments in commodities and certain types of derivative contracts regarding commodities, such as certain swaps on commodity indices, is not “qualifying income” for purposes of the income requirement. Although the IRS had issued a large number of private letter rulings (“PLRs”) (which the Funds may not cite as precedent) beginning in 2006 stating that income a RIC derives from certain “structured notes that create a commodity exposure” (i.e., commodity-linked notes) constitutes qualifying income, the IRS (1) suspended the issuance of those rulings in July 2011 and (2) in September 2016 issued guidance providing that it will not “ordinarily” issue PLRs on any issue relating to the treatment of a corporation as a RIC that requires a determination of whether a financial instrument or position is a “security.” As a result, the IRS is revoking outstanding PLRs regarding commodity-linked notes, and it is highly unlikely that future PLRs addressing the status of those notes will be issued, if at all.  Accordingly, if a Fund invests in those notes to an extent that might threaten its ability to satisfy the income requirement, the Fund may be unable to qualify as a RIC for one or more taxable years.
Taxation of the Shareholders
Distributions generally are included in a shareholder’s gross income for the taxable year in which they are received. However, distributions a Fund declares in October, November, or December that are payable to shareholders of record in such a month are deemed to have been received on December 31, if the Fund pays the distributions during the following January.
Any gain or loss a shareholder realizes on the redemption or exchange of shares of a Fund, or on receipt of a distribution in complete liquidation of a Fund, generally will be a capital gain or loss, which will be long-term or short-term, depending upon the shareholder’s holding period for the shares. Any such gain an individual shareholder recognizes on a redemption or exchange of Fund shares that he or she has held for more than one year will qualify for the 15% or 20% maximum federal income tax rates mentioned in each Fund’s prospectus. Any loss realized on a redemption or exchange of shares will be disallowed to the extent the shares are replaced (including shares acquired pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan) within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after disposition of the shares; in such a case, the basis in the acquired shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss a shareholder realizes on a disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions of net capital gain the shareholder received with respect to such shares.
If a Fund's distributions in a taxable year exceed its current and accumulated earnings and profits, the excess distributed to each shareholder will be treated as a “return of capital” to the extent of the shareholder’s basis in its shares and thereafter as capital gain—a Fund's capital loss carryovers, if any, carried from taxable years beginning before 2011 do not reduce current earnings and profits, even if such carryovers offset current taxable year realized gains. A return of capital distribution is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder's basis in its shares and thus results in a higher capital gain or lower capital loss when the shares are redeemed. Distributions in excess of a Fund's distribution requirement, but not in excess of its earnings and profits, will be taxable to its shareholders and will not constitute non-taxable returns of capital.
If a Fund engages in securities lending, the borrower generally will be obligated to pay the Fund an amount equal to (“in lieu of”) any dividend paid on the loaned securities during the loan term. Even if the dividend otherwise would be QDI, distributions to the Fund's shareholders of such “in lieu of” payments will not be treated as such and instead will be taxed at the shareholders’ marginal federal income tax rates.
In addition to the requirement to report the gross proceeds from redemptions of Fund shares, each Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS the basis information for Fund shares purchased after December 31, 2011, (Covered Shares) that are redeemed or exchanged and indicate whether they had a short-term (one year or less) or long-term (more than one year) holding period. In addition, each Fund will indicate whether the lot has been adjusted for a wash sale. The requirement to report only the gross proceeds from a redemption or exchange of Fund shares will continue to apply to all non-Covered Shares.
Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), “foreign financial institutions” (“FFIs”) and “non-financial foreign entities” (“NFFEs”) that are shareholders of a Fund may be subject to a generally nonrefundable 30% withholding tax on income dividends the Fund pays. As discussed more fully below, the FATCA withholding tax generally can be avoided (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain information regarding direct and indirect ownership of financial accounts U.S. persons hold with the FFI, and (b) by an NFFE that certifies its status as such and, in certain circumstances, information regarding substantial U.S. owners.
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An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding by becoming a “participating FFI,” which requires the FFI to enter into a tax compliance agreement with the IRS under the Code. Under such an agreement, a participating FFI agrees to (1) verify and document whether it has U.S. accountholders, (2) report certain information regarding their accounts to the IRS, and (3) meet certain other specified requirements. The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements (“IGAs”) with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with other foreign countries with respect to one or more alternative approaches to implement FATCA. An entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of the IGA instead of U.S. Treasury regulations.
An FFI resident in a country that has entered into a Model I IGA with the United States must report to that country’s government (pursuant to the terms of the applicable IGA and applicable law), which will, in turn, report to the IRS. An FFI resident in a Model II IGA country generally must comply with U.S. regulatory requirements, with certain exceptions, including the treatment of recalcitrant accountholders. An FFI resident in one of those countries that complies with whichever of the foregoing applies will be exempt from FATCA withholding.
An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from a Fund can avoid FATCA withholding generally by certifying its status as such and, in certain circumstances, either that (1) it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or (2) it does have one or more such owners and reports the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each such owner. The NFFE will report to the Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which will, in turn, report information to the IRS.
Those foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted, or deemed compliant categories established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in a Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA to avoid FATCA withholding. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the tax certification rules to avoid backup withholding described in the Funds’ prospectuses. Foreign investors are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the application of these requirements to their own situation and the impact thereof on their investment in a Fund.
Effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2026, the Code generally allows individuals and certain non-corporate entities a deduction for 20% of (1) “qualified REIT dividends” and (2) “QPTP income.” Recently-issued proposed regulations allow a Fund to pass the character of its qualified REIT dividends through to its shareholders provided certain holding period requirements are met. The Treasury Department has also announced that it is considering adopting regulations that would provide a similar pass-through of QPTP income, but that pass-through is not currently available. As a result, an investor who invests directly in QPTPs will be able to receive the benefit of the 20% deduction, which a shareholder in a Fund that invests in QPTPs currently will not.
*        *        *        *        *
The foregoing discussion of certain federal tax considerations affecting each Fund and its shareholders is only a summary and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Purchasers of Fund shares should consult their own tax advisers as to the tax consequences of investing in shares, including under federal, state, local and other tax laws. Finally, the foregoing discussion is based on current applicable provisions of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial authority, and administrative interpretations published by the date hereof; changes in any applicable authority could materially affect the conclusions discussed above, possibly retroactively, and such changes often occur.
Trustees and Officers of the Trust
The Board consists of 10 Trustees who supervise the business affairs of the Trust. The Board is responsible for the general oversight of the Funds' business and for assuring that the Funds are managed in the best interests of each Fund's respective shareholders. The Board periodically reviews the Funds' investment performance as well as the quality of other services provided to the Funds and their shareholders by each of the Funds' service providers, including Victory Capital and its affiliates.
Board Leadership Structure
The Board is comprised of a super-majority (80% or more) of Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Funds (the “Independent Trustees”) and two Trustees who are “interested persons” of the Funds (the “Interested Trustees.”) Mr. Dan McNamara, the Chairman of the Board, is deemed an “interested person” due to his previous position as Director of AMCO, the former investment adviser of the Funds. Mr. Brown is deemed an “interested person” due to his position as Chief Executive Officer of Victory Capital, investment adviser to the Funds. In addition, Mr. Boyce, the Vice Chairman of the Board, also has been designated a Lead Independent Trustee. The Chairman presides at meetings of the Trustees and may call meetings of the Board and any Board committee whenever he deems it necessary. The Chairman participates in the preparation of the agenda for meetings of the Board and the identification of information to be presented to the Board with respect to matters to be acted upon by the Board. The Chairman also acts as a liaison with the Funds' management, officers, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board from time to time. Except for any duties specified in this SAI or pursuant to
37

 

the Trust’s Master Trust Agreement or By-laws, or as assigned by the Board, the designation of a Trustee as Chairman does not impose on that Trustee any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on any other Trustee, generally. The Vice Chairman and Lead Independent Trustee may call meetings of the Board and any Board committee whenever he deems it necessary and presides at meetings of the Trustees in the absence of the Chairman. The Vice Chairman and Lead Independent Trustee participates in the preparation of the agenda for meetings of the Board and the identification of information to be presented to the Board with respect to matters to be acted upon by the Board. In addition, the Vice Chairman and Lead Independent Trustee will coordinate activities performed by the Independent Trustees as a group and will serve as the main liaison between the Independent Trustees and the Funds' management and officers between meetings. The Vice Chairman and Lead Independent Trustee may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board from time to time. The Board has designated a number of standing committees as further described below, each of which has a Chairman. The Board also may designate working groups or ad hoc committees as it deems appropriate.
The Board believes that this leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise informed and independent judgment over matters under its purview, and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees or working groups of Trustees and the full Board in a manner that enhances effective oversight. The Board considers leadership by an Independent Trustee as Vice Chairman to be integral to promoting effective independent oversight of the Funds' operations and meaningful representation of the shareholders’ interests, given the number of funds offered by the Trust and the amount of assets that these funds represent. The Board also believes that having a super-majority of Independent Trustees is appropriate and in the best interest of the Funds' shareholders. Nevertheless, the Board also believes that having interested persons serve on the Board brings corporate and financial viewpoints that are, in the Board’s view, important elements in its decision-making process. In addition, the Board believes that the Interested Trustees provide the Board with the Manager’s perspective in managing and sponsoring the Funds. The leadership structure of the Board may be changed, at any time and in the discretion of the Board, including in response to changes in circumstances or the characteristics of the Trust.
Board Oversight of Risk Management
As series of a registered investment company, the Funds are subject to a variety of risks, including investment risks (such as, among others, market risk, credit risk, and interest rate risk), financial risks (such as, among others, settlement risk, liquidity risk, and valuation risk), compliance risks, and operational risks. The Trustees play an active role, as a full board and at the committee level, in overseeing risk management for the Funds. The Trustees delegate the day-to-day risk management of the Funds to various groups, including but not limited to, portfolio management, risk management, compliance, legal, fund accounting, and various committees discussed herein. These groups provide the Trustees with regular reports regarding investment, valuation, liquidity, and compliance, as well as the risks associated with each. The Trustees also oversee risk management for the Funds through regular interactions with the Funds' external auditors and periodic presentations from the Manager.
The Board also participates in the Funds' risk oversight, in part, through the Funds' compliance program, which covers the following broad areas of compliance: portfolio management, trading practices, code of ethics, and protection of non-public information, accuracy of disclosures, safeguarding of fund assets, recordkeeping, marketing, fees, privacy, anti-money laundering, business continuity, valuation and pricing of funds shares, processing of fund shares, affiliated transactions, fund governance, and market timing. The Board also receives periodic updates regarding cybersecurity matters. The program seeks to identify and assess risk through various methods, including through regular interdisciplinary communications between compliance professionals, operational risk management, and business personnel who participate on a daily basis in risk management on behalf of the Funds. The Funds' chief compliance officer provides an annual compliance report and other compliance related briefings to the Board in writing and in person.
Victory Capital seeks to identify for the Board the risks that it believes may affect the Funds and develop processes and controls regarding such risks. However, risk management is a complex and dynamic undertaking and it is not always possible to comprehensively identify and/or mitigate all such risks at all times since risks are at times impacted by external events. In discharging its oversight responsibilities, the Board considers risk management issues throughout the year with the assistance of its various committees as described below. Each committee presents reports to the Board after its meeting, which may prompt further discussion of issues concerning the oversight of the Funds' risk management. The Board as a whole also reviews written reports or presentations on a variety of risk issues as needed and may discuss particular risks that are not addressed in the committee process.
Among other committees, the Board has established an Audit and Compliance Committee, which is composed solely of Independent Trustees and oversees management of financial risks and controls. The Audit and Compliance Committee serves as the channel of communication between the independent auditors of the Funds and the Board with respect to financial statements and financial reporting processes, systems of internal control, and the audit process. Although the Audit and Compliance Committee is responsible for overseeing the management of financial risks, the Board is regularly informed of these risks through committee reports.
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Trustee Qualifications
The Board believes that all the Trustees bring to the Board a wealth of executive leadership experience derived from their service as executives, board members, and leaders of diverse companies, academic institutions, and community and other organizations. The Board also believes that the different perspectives, viewpoints, professional experience, education, and individual qualities of each Trustee represent a diversity of experiences and a variety of complementary skills. In determining whether an individual is qualified to serve as a Trustee of the Funds, the Board considers a wide variety of information about the Trustee, and multiple factors contribute to the Board's decision. However, there are no specific required qualifications for Board membership. Each Trustee is determined to have the experience, skills, and attributes necessary to serve the Funds and their shareholders because each Trustee demonstrates an exceptional ability to consider complex business and financial matters, evaluate the relative importance and priority of issues, make decisions, and contribute effectively to the deliberations of the Board. The Board also considers the individual experience of each Trustee and determines that the Trustee’s professional experience, education, and background contribute to the diversity of perspectives on the Board. The business experience and objective thinking of the Trustees are considered invaluable assets for Victory Capital and, ultimately, the Funds' shareholders.
Set forth below are the Independent Trustees and the Interested Trustees, and each of their respective offices and principal occupations during the last five years, length of time served, information relating to any other directorships held, and the specific roles and experience of each Board member that factor into the determination that the Trustee should serve on the Board. The mailing address of the Trustees is 15935 La Cantera Parkway, Building Two, San Antonio, TX 78256.
Name and Date of Birth Position(s) Held with Funds Term of Office* and Length of Time Served Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past Five Years
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee Other Directorships Held During the Past Five Years
Independent Trustees  
Jefferson C. Boyce (September 1957) Lead Independent Trustee and Vice Chairman Trustee since September 2013, Lead Independent Trustee and Vice Chairman since July 2019 Senior Managing Director, New York Life Investments, LLC (1992-2012), an investment manager. Mr. Boyce brings to the Board experience in financial investment management, and, in particular, institutional and retail mutual funds, variable annuity products, broker dealers, and retirement programs, including experience in organizational development, marketing, product development, and money management as well as over six years’ experience as a Board member of the USAA family of funds. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds Westhab, Inc., New York Theological Seminary
Robert L. Mason, Ph.D.
(July 1946)
Trustee Trustee since January 1997 and Chairman from January 2012 to July 2019 Adjunct Professor in the Department of Management Science and Statistics in the College of Business at the University of Texas at San Antonio (2001-present); Institute Analyst, Southwest Research Institute (03/02-01/16), which focuses on providing innovative technology, science, and engineering services to clients around the world and is one of the oldest independent, nonprofit, applied research and development organizations in the United States. He was employed at Southwest Research Institute for 40 years. Dr. Mason brings to the Board particular experience with information technology matters, statistical analysis, and human resources as well as over 23 years’ experience as a Board member of the USAA family of funds. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds None
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Name and Date of Birth Position(s) Held with Funds Term of Office* and Length of Time Served Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past Five Years
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee Other Directorships Held During the Past Five Years
Dawn M. Hawley
(February 1954)
Trustee Trustee since April 2014 Manager of Finance, Menil Foundation, Inc. (05/07-06/11), which is a private foundation that oversees the assemblage of sculptures, prints, drawings, photographs, and rare books. Director of Financial Planning and Analysis and Chief Financial Officer, AIM Management Group, Inc. (10/87-01/06). Ms. Hawley brings to the Board experience in financial investment management and, in particular, institutional and retail mutual funds, variable annuity products, broker dealers, and retirement programs, including experience in financial planning, budgeting, accounting practices, and asset/liability management functions including major acquisitions and mergers, as well as over six years’ experience as a Board member of the USAA family of funds. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds None
Paul L. McNamara
(July 1948)
Trustee Trustee since January 2012 Director, Cantor Opportunistic Alternatives Fund, LLC (03/10-02/14), which is a closed-end fund of funds by Cantor Fitzgerald Investment Advisors, LLC. Mr. McNamara retired from Lord Abbett & Co. LLC, an independent U.S. investment management firm, as an Executive Member on 09/30/09, a position he held since 10/02. He had been employed at Lord Abbett since 1996. Mr. McNamara brings to the Board extensive experience with the financial services industry and, in particular, institutional and retail mutual fund markets, including experience with mutual fund marketing, distribution, and risk management, as well as overall experience with compliance and corporate governance issues. Mr. McNamara also has experience serving as a fund director as well as over eight years’ experience as a Board member of the USAA family of funds. Paul L. McNamara is of no relation to Daniel S. McNamara. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds None
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Name and Date of Birth Position(s) Held with Funds Term of Office* and Length of Time Served Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past Five Years
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee Other Directorships Held During the Past Five Years
Richard Y. Newton, III (January 1956) Trustee Trustee since March 2017 Director, Elta North America (01/18-present), which is a global leader in the design, manufacture, and support of innovative electronic systems in the ground, maritime, airborne, and security domains for the nation’s warfighters, security personnel, and first responders; Managing Partner, Pioneer Partnership Development Group (12/15-present); Executive Director, The Union League Club of New York (06/14-11/15); Executive Vice President, Air Force Association (08/12-05/14); Lieutenant General, United States Air Force (01/08-06/12). Lieutenant General Newton (Ret.) served 34 years of active duty in the United States Air Force. Lt. Gen. Newton retired as the Assistant Vice Chief of Staff and Director of Air Staff at the Headquarters of the U.S. Air Force where he was responsible for overseeing the administration and organization of the Air Staff, which develops policies, plans and programs, establishes requirements, and provides resources to support the Air Force’s mission. Lt. Gen. Newton is a graduate of the United States Air Force Academy, Webster University, and The National War College. Lt. Gen. Newton brings to the Board extensive management and military experience, as well as over three years’ experience as a Board member of the USAA family of funds. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds PredaSAR Corp.
Barbara B. Ostdiek, Ph.D.
(March 1964)
Trustee Trustee since January 2008
Senior Associate Dean of Degree programs at Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business at Rice University (07/13-present); Associate Professor of Finance at Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business at Rice University (07/01-present); Academic Director, El Paso Corporation Finance Center at Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business at Rice University (07/02-06/12). Dr. Ostdiek brings to the Board particular experience with financial investment management, education, and research as well as over 12 years’ experience as a Board member of the USAA family of funds. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds None
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Name and Date of Birth Position(s) Held with Funds Term of Office* and Length of Time Served Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past Five Years
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee Other Directorships Held During the Past Five Years
Michael F. Reimherr
(August 1945)
Trustee Trustee since January 2000
President of Reimherr Business Consulting performing business valuations of medium to large companies, developing business plans, budgets, internal financial reporting, and mergers and acquisitions (05/95-12/17); St. Mary's University Investment Committee overseeing University Endowment (06/14-present). Mr. Reimherr brings to the Board particular experience with organizational development, budgeting, finance, and capital markets as well as over 20 years’ experience as a Board member of the USAA family of funds. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds None
John C. Walters
(February 1962)
Trustee Trustee since July 2019 Retired. Mr. Walters brings significant Board experience including active involvement with the board of a Fortune 500 company, and a proven record of leading large, complex financial organizations. He has a demonstrated record of success in distribution, manufacturing, investment brokerage, and investment management in both the retail and institutional investment businesses. He has substantial experience in the investment management business with a demonstrated ability to develop and drive strategy while managing operational, financial, and investment risk. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds Guardian Variable Products Trust (16 series), Lead Independent Director; Amerilife Holdings LLC, Director; Stadion Money Management; Director; University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill), Member Board of Governors.
* Under the Trust’s organizational documents, each Trustee serves as a Trustee of the Trust during the lifetime of the Trust and until its termination except as such Trustee sooner dies, resigns, retires, or is removed. However, pursuant to a policy adopted by the Board, each elected or appointed Independent Trustee may serve as a Trustee until the Trustee reaches age 75, and the Interested Trustees may serve as a Trustee until the Trustee reaches age 75. The Board may change or grant exceptions from this policy at any time without shareholder approval. A Trustee may resign, or may be removed by a written instrument signed by two-thirds of the number of Trustees before the removal, or may be removed by a vote of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust, at any time. Vacancies on the Board can be filled by the action of a majority of the Trustees, provided that after filling such vacancy at least two-thirds of the Trustees have been elected by the shareholders.
Trustees and officers of the Trust who are employees of the Manager or affiliated companies are considered “interested persons” under the 1940 Act.
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Name and Date of Birth Position(s) Held with Fund Term of Office and Length of Time Served Principal Occupation(s) Held
During the Past Five Years
Total Number of USAA Funds Overseen by Officer Other Directorships Held During the Past Five Years
Interested Trustees
Daniel S. McNamara
(June 1966)
Trustee and Chairman Trustee since January 2012 and Chairman since July 2019 Trustee, President, and Vice Chairman of USAA ETF Trust (6/17-6/19); President of Financial Advice & Solutions Group (FASG), USAA (02/13-present); Director of USAA Asset Management Company (AMCO), (08/11-06/19); Director of USAA Investment Management Company (IMCO) (09/09-present); Chairman of Board of IMCO (4/13-present); President and Director of USAA Shareholder Account Services (SAS) (10/09-06/19); Senior Vice President of USAA Financial Planning Services Insurance Agency, Inc. (FPS) (04/11-present); Director and Vice Chairman of FPS (12/13-present); President and Director of USAA Investment Corporation (ICORP) (03/10-present); Chairman of Board of ICORP (12/13-present); Director of USAA Financial Advisors, Inc. (FAI) (12/13-present); Chairman of Board of FAI (3/15-present). Mr. McNamara brings to the Board extensive experience in the financial services industry, including experience as an officer of the Trust. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds None
David C. Brown
(May 1972)
Trustee Trustee since July 2019 Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (2013- present), Co-Chief Executive Officer, (2011- 2013), Victory Capital Management Inc.; Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (2013- present), Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. Mr. Brown brings to the Board extensive business, finance and leadership skills gained and developed through years of experience in the financial services industry, including his tenure overseeing the strategic direction as CEO of Victory Capital. These skills, combined with Mr. Brown's extensive knowledge of the financial services industry and demonstrated success in the development and distribution of investment strategies and products, enable him to provide valuable insights to the Board and strategic direction for the Funds. One registered investment company offering 47 individual funds Trustee, Victory Portfolios (42 series), Victory Portfolios II (26 series), Victory Variable Insurance Funds (9 series)
The officers of the Trust are elected by the Board to actively supervise the Trust’s day-to-day operations. The officers of the Trust, their date of birth, the length of time served, and their principal occupations during the past five years are detailed in the following table. Each officer serves until the earlier of his or her resignation, removal, retirement, death, or the election of a successor. The mailing address of each officer of the Trust is 15935 La Cantera Parkway, Building Two, San Antonio, Texas 78256. The officers of the Trust receive no compensation directly from the Trust for performing the duties of their offices.
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Name
and Date
of Birth
Position(s)
Held with
Fund
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation(s) Held
During the Past Five Years
Officers
Chris Dyer
(February 1962)
President July 2019 Director of Mutual Fund Administration, Victory Capital Management Inc. (2004 -present).
Scott Stahorsky
(July 1969)
Vice President July 2019 Manager, Fund Administration, Victory Capital Management Inc. (2015-present); Senior Analyst, Fund Administration, Victory Capital Management Inc. (2005-2015).
James K. De Vries
(April 1969)
Treasurer March 2018 Executive Director, Victory Capital Management Inc. (7/1/19- present); Executive Director, Investment and Financial Administration, USAA (2012-6/30/19); Assistant Treasurer, USAA Mutual Funds Trust (2013-2018). Mr. De Vries also serves as the Funds’ Principal Financial Officer.
Erin Wagner
(February1974)
Secretary July 2019 Deputy General Counsel, Victory Capital Management Inc. (2013-present)
Allan Shaer
(March 1965)
Assistant Treasurer July 2019 Senior Vice President, Financial Administration, Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. (2016-present); Vice President, Mutual Fund Administration, JP Morgan Chase Bank (2011-2016).
Carol D. Trevino
(October 1965)
Assistant Treasurer September 2018 Director, Accounting and Finance, Victory Capital Management Inc. (7/1/19-present); Accounting/ Financial Director, USAA (12/13-6/30/19).
Charles Booth
(April 1960)
Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer and Identify Theft Officer July 2019 Director, Regulatory Administration and CCO Support Services, City Fund Services Ohio, Inc. (2007-present).
Amy Campos
(July 1976)
Chief Compliance Officer July 2019 Chief Compliance Officer, USAA Mutual Funds Trust (7/1/19-present); Executive Director, Deputy Chief Compliance Officer, USAA Mutual Funds Trust and USAA ETF Trust (7/17-6/19); Compliance Director, USAA Mutual Funds Trust (2014-7/17).
Committees of the Board
The Board typically conducts regular meetings five or six times a year to review the operations of the Funds in the USAA family of funds. During the Funds' most recent fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Board held meetings eight times. A portion of these meetings is devoted to various committee meetings of the Board, which focus on particular matters. In addition, the Board may hold special meetings by telephone or in person to discuss specific matters that may require action prior to the next regular meeting. The Board has four committees: an Audit and Compliance Committee, a Product Management and Distribution Committee, a Corporate Governance Committee, and an Investments Committee. The duties of these four Committees and their membership are as follows:
Audit and Compliance Committee: The Audit and Compliance Committee of the Board of Trustees reviews the financial information and the independent auditor’s reports and undertakes certain studies and analyses as directed by the Board. The Audit and Compliance Committee has responsibility for the review of the Trust’s compliance program and the performance of the Trust’s chief compliance officer, as well as responsibility for certain additional compliance matters. Lead Independent Trustee Boyce and Independent Trustees Hawley, Mason, P. McNamara, Ostdiek, Newton, Reimherr, and Walters are members of the Audit and Compliance Committee. During the Funds' most recent fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Audit and Compliance Committee held four meetings.
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Product Management and Distribution Committee: The Product Management and Distribution Committee of the Board reviews the Funds offered by the Trust and the respective investment objectives and policies, as well as the Manager’s selection of subadvisers; oversees the distribution and marketing of the Funds; and assists the Board in overseeing certain third-party service providers and related matters. The Product Management and Distribution Committee provides oversight with respect to the sale and distribution of shares of the Funds, including payments made by the Funds pursuant to the Trust’s 12b-1 Plan. Chairman and Interested Trustee D. McNamara, Interested Trustee Brown, Lead Independent Trustee Boyce, and Independent Trustees Hawley, Mason, P. McNamara, Ostdiek, Newton, Reimherr, and Walters are members of the Product Management and Distribution Committee. During the Funds' most recent fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Product Management and Distribution Committee held four meetings.
Corporate Governance Committee: The Corporate Governance Committee of the Board maintains oversight of the organization, performance, and effectiveness of the Board and the Independent Trustees. The Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for maintaining a policy on Board tenure and term limitations for the Independent Trustees, establishing procedures to identify and recruit potential candidates for Board membership, and recommending candidates to fill any vacancy for Independent Trustees on the Board. The Corporate Governance Committee has adopted procedures to consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Shareholders may send recommendations to Mr. Paul McNamara, chairman of the Corporate Governance Committee. To be considered by the Board, any recommendations for a nomination submitted by a shareholder must include at least the following information: name; date of birth; contact information; education; business profession and other expertise; affiliations; experience relating to serving on the Board; and references. Lead Independent Trustee Boyce and Independent Trustees Hawley, Mason, P. McNamara, Ostdiek, Newton, Reimherr, and Walters are members of the Corporate Governance Committee. During the Funds' most recent fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Corporate Governance Committee held seven meetings.
Investments Committee: The Investments Committee assists the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities overseeing, among other things: the investment programs implemented by Victory Capital and/or, if applicable, the investment subadviser(s) for the Funds; the performance and portfolio composition of the Funds; and the valuation and liquidity of each Fund’s assets. In addition, the Investments Committee coordinates the Board’s consideration of investment advisory and underwriting agreements pursuant to Section 15(c) of the 1940 Act. Chairman and Interested Trustee D. McNamara, Interested Trustee Brown, Lead Independent Trustee Boyce, and Independent Trustees Hawley, Mason, P. McNamara, Ostdiek, Newton, Reimherr, and Walters are members of the Investments Committee. During the Funds' most recent fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Investments Committee held four meetings.
There are no family relationships among the Trustees, officers, and managerial level employees of the Trust.
The following table sets forth the dollar range of total equity securities beneficially owned by the Trustees of the Funds listed in this SAI and in all of the USAA Funds overseen by the Trustees as of the calendar year ended December 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2020, the officers and Trustees of the Trust, as a group, owned beneficially or of record less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Trust.
  USAA Target Retirement 2020 Fund USAA Target Retirement 2030 Fund USAA Target Retirement 2040 Fund USAA Target Retirement 2050 Fund
Interested Trustee        
Daniel S. McNamara

       
David C. Brown

None None None None
Independent Trustees        
Jefferson C. Boyce

None None None None
Dawn M. Hawley

None None None None
Robert L. Mason, Ph.D

None None None None
Paul L. McNamara

None $10,001-$50,000 None None
Richard Y. Newton, III

None None None None
Barbara B. Ostdiek, Ph.D

None None None None
Michael F. Reimherr

None None None None
John C. Walters

None None None None
    
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  USAA Target Retirement 2060 Fund USAA Target Retirement Income Fund USAA Fund Complex Total
Interested Trustee      
Daniel S. McNamara

     
David C. Brown

None None None
Independent Trustees      
Jefferson C. Boyce

None None $50,001-$100,000
Dawn M. Hawley

None None Over $100,000
Robert L. Mason, Ph.D

None None Over $100,000
Paul L. McNamara

None None Over $100,000
Richard Y. Newton, III

None None $0-$10,000
Barbara B. Ostdiek, Ph.D

None None $0-$10,000
Michael F. Reimherr

None None Over $100,000
John C. Walters

None None Over $100,000
The following table sets forth information describing the compensation of the current Trustees of the Trust for their services as Trustees for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.
Name of Trustee Aggregate
Compensation from
Funds Listed in this SAI
Total Compensation
from the USAA Family of Funds (b)
Interested Trustee    
Daniel S. McNamara

None (a) None (a)
David C. Brown (c)

None (a) None (a)
Independent Trustee    
Jefferson C. Boyce

$34,452 $269,874
Dawn Hawley

$32,223 $250,240
Robert L. Mason, Ph.D.

$34,746 $254,803
Paul L. McNamara

$31,746 $248,674
Richard Y. Newton, III

$30,315 $237,466
Barbara B. Ostdiek, Ph.D.

$30,928 $293,701
Michael F. Reimherr

$30,315 $237,466
John C. Walters (c)

$12,511 $98,000
(a) Daniel S. McNamara is affiliated with the Trust’s former investment adviser, AMCO, and David C. Brown is affiliated with the Trust's investment adviser, Victory Capital. Accordingly, neither receives any remuneration from the Trust or any other fund of the USAA Fund Complex.
(b) At December 31, 2019, the Fund Complex consisted of one registered investment company offering 47 individual funds.
(c) Messrs. Brown and Walters became members of the Board of Trustees on July 1, 2019.
Control Persons and Principal Shareholders
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund. A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company, who acknowledges the existence of control, or by whom the Fund acknowledges control. Shareholders with a controlling interest could affect the outcome of voting or the direction of management of a Fund. Since the economic benefit of investing in a Fund is passed through to the underlying investors of the record owners of 25% or more of the Fund shares, these record owners are not considered the beneficial owners of the Fund’s shares or control persons of the Fund.
Control Persons
As of March 31, 2020, there were no control persons of the Funds.
Principal Shareholders
As of March 31, 2020, the following persons were known to own of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the share class and Fund indicated:
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Title of Class Name of Address of Beneficial Owner Percent of Class Nature of Ownership1
Target Retirement Income Fund

National Financial
for the exclusive benefits
of its customers
499 Washington Blvd
Jersey City, NJ 07310
30.41% Record
Target Retirement 2020 Fund

National Financial
for the exclusive benefits
of its customers
499 Washington Blvd
Jersey City, NJ 07310
25.81% Record
Target Retirement 2030 Fund

National Financial
for the exclusive benefits
of its customers
499 Washington Blvd
Jersey City, NJ 07310
26.01% Record
Target Retirement 2040 Fund

National Financial
for the exclusive benefits
of its customers
499 Washington Blvd
Jersey City, NJ 07310
25.78% Record
Target Retirement 2050 Fund

National Financial
for the exclusive benefits
of its customers
499 Washington Blvd
Jersey City, NJ 07310
29.06% Record
Target Retirement 2060 Fund

National Financial
for the exclusive benefits
of its customers
499 Washington Blvd
Jersey City, NJ 07310
57.97% Record
1 “Record” ownership means the shareholder of record, or the exact name of the shareholder on the account, i.e., “ABC Brokerage, Inc.” “Beneficial” ownership refers to the actual pecuniary, or financial, interest in the security, i.e., “Jane Doe Shareholder.”
The Trust’s Manager and Other Service Providers
Victory Capital, a New York corporation registered as an investment adviser with the SEC, serves as investment adviser to the Funds effective July 1, 2019. Victory Capital’s principal business address is 15935 La Cantera Pkwy, Building Two, San Antonio, Texas 78256. Victory Capital is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. (“VCH”) a publicly traded Delaware corporation. As of March 31, 2020, Victory Capital managed assets totaling in excess of $124 billion for numerous clients including large corporate and public retirement plans, Taft-Hartley plans, foundations and endowments, high net worth individuals and mutual funds. Effective July 1, 2019, VCH acquired AMCO from its parent company and Victory Capital became the adviser to the Funds.
Subject to the authority of the Board, the Manager is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Funds’ business affairs. Victory Capital is responsible for selecting each Fund’s investments according to the Fund’s investment objective, policies, and restrictions. Victory Capital is a multi-boutique asset manager comprised of multiple investment teams, referred to as investment franchises, each of which utilizes an independent approach to investing. The Advisory Agreement also authorizes Victory Capital to retain one or more Subadvisers for the management of all or a portion of a Fund’s investment. Under the Advisory Agreement, the Manager is responsible for monitoring the services furnished pursuant to the Subadvisory Agreements and making recommendations to the Board with respect to the retention or replacement of Subadvisers and renewal of Subadvisory Agreements.
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Advisory Agreement
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Manager provides an investment program, carries out the investment policies, and manages the portfolio assets for each Fund. The Manager is authorized, subject to the control of the Board of the Trust, to determine the selection, amount, and time to buy or sell securities for the Funds.
The Manager does not receive any management fee from the Retirement Funds for providing services pursuant to the Advisory Agreement. The Manager compensates all personnel, officers, and Trustees of the Trust if such persons also are employees of the Manager or its affiliates.
Except for the services and facilities provided by the Manager, the Retirement Funds pay all other expenses incurred in its operations. Expenses for which the Funds are responsible include taxes (if any); brokerage commissions on portfolio transactions (if any); expenses of issuance and redemption of shares; charges of transfer agents, custodians, and dividend disbursing agents; cost of preparing and distributing proxy material and all other expenses incidental to holding meetings of shareholders, including proxy solicitations therefor, unless otherwise required; auditing and legal expenses; certain expenses of registering and qualifying shares for sale; fees of Trustees who are not interested persons (not affiliated) of the Manager; administrator, custodian, pricing and bookkeeping, registrar and transfer agent fees and expenses; fees and expenses related to the registration and qualification of the Funds’ shares for distribution under state and federal securities laws; expenses of typesetting for printing prospectuses and SAIs and supplements thereto expenses of printing and mailing these sent to existing shareholders; (xi) insurance premiums for fidelity bonds and other coverage to the extent approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees; (xii) association membership dues authorized by the Trust’s Board of Trustees; and (xiii) such non-recurring or extraordinary expenses as may arise, including those relating to actions, suits or proceedings to which the Trust is a party (or to which the Funds’ assets are subject) and any legal obligation for which the Trust may have to provide indemnification to the Trust’s Trustees and officers.
The Advisory Agreement provides that the Manager shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Funds in connection with the performance of the services pursuant thereto, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services or a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence on the part of the Adviser in the performance of its duties, or from reckless disregard by the Adviser of its duties and obligations thereunder.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect until June 30, 2021, for each such Fund and will continue in effect from year to year thereafter for each such Fund as long as it is approved at least annually (i) by a vote of the outstanding voting securities of such Fund (as defined by the 1940 Act) or by the Board (on behalf of such Fund), and (ii) by vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Manager or (otherwise than as Trustees) of the Trust cast in person, at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated at any time, without payment of any penalty, by either the Trust or Victory Capital on 60 days’ written notice and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined by the 1940 Act).
With respect to the Target Retirement 2060 Fund, AMCO had voluntarily agreed through April 30, 2020, to make payments or waive administration and other fees to limit the expenses of the Fund so that the total annual operating expenses (exclusive of commission recapture, expense offset arrangements, acquired fund fees and expenses, and extraordinary expenses) did not exceed an annual rate of 0.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. As a result of the Fund’s expense limitations, AMCO reimbursed the Fund for the period of January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2019, in the amount of $78,232, and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, in the amounts of $116,865, and $129,083, respectively.
The Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse expenses so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding certain items such as acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, and brokerage commissions) do not exceed a certain amount for each Retirement Fund through at least June 30, 2021. The Manager is permitted to recoup any reimbursed expenses for up to three years after the fiscal year in which the reimbursement took place, subject to the lesser of any operating expense limits in effect at the time of: (a) the original expense reimbursement; or (b) the recoupment, after giving effect to the recoupment amount. This agreement may only be terminated by the Retirement Funds’ Board of Trustees.
As a result of the contractual agreement to reimburse expenses, the Manager reimbursed the Funds for the period of July 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, as follows:
Fund 2019
Target Retirement Income Fund

Target Retirement 2020 Fund

Target Retirement 2030 Fund

$602
Target Retirement 2040 Fund

$1,482
Target Retirement 2050 Fund

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Fund 2019
Target Retirement 2060 Fund

$53,768
Administration, Servicing and Accounting Agreement
Under a Fund Administration, Servicing and Accounting Agreement effective July 1, 2019 (“Administration Agreement”), Victory Capital is obligated on a continuous basis to provide such administrative services as the Board reasonably deems necessary for the proper administration of the Funds. Victory Capital may delegate one or more of its responsibilities to others at its expense. Citi Fund Services of Ohio, Inc. (“Citi”) serves as sub-administrator and sub-fund accountant to the Trust pursuant to an agreement with Victory Capital, as disclosed in greater detail under “Sub-Administrator and Sub-Fund Accountant.” As administrator, Victory Capital supervises the Trust’s operations, including the services that Citi provides to the Funds as sub-administrator, but excluding those that Victory Capital provides as investment adviser, all subject to the supervision of the Board. Prior to July 1, 2019, AMCO served as the Funds' administrator under a separate agreement.
Victory Capital coordinates the preparation, filing and distribution of amendments to the Trust’s registration statement on Form N-1A, supplements to prospectuses and SAIs, and proxy materials in connection with shareholder meetings; drafts shareholder communications, including annual and semi-annual reports; administers the Trust’s other service provider contracts; monitors compliance with investment restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act, each Fund’s investment objective, defined investment policies, and restrictions, tax diversification, and distribution and income requirements; coordinates the Funds’ service arrangements with financial institutions that make the Funds’ shares available to their customers; assists with regulatory compliance; supplies individuals to serve as Trust officers; prepares Board meeting materials; and annually determines whether the services that it provides (or the services that Citi provides as sub-administrator) are adequate and complete.
Victory Capital also performs fund accounting services for each Fund. The fund accountant calculates each Fund’s NAV, the dividend and capital gain distribution, if any, and the yield. The fund accountant also provides a current security position report, a summary report of transactions and pending maturities, a current cash position report, and maintains the general ledger accounting records for the Funds. In addition, the Funds may reimburse Victory Capital for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred as a result of providing the services and certain other expenses under the Administration Agreement.
The Administration Agreement provides that the Manager shall not be liable for any action or inaction, except for any action or inaction constituting willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties hereunder or the reckless disregard of such duties.
For these services under the Administration Agreement, the Trust currently pays no fees to Victory Capital with respect to the Funds. The Manager also may delegate one or more of its responsibilities to service providers at its own expense.
Sub-Administrator and Sub-Fund Accountant
Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. (“Citi”) serves as sub-administrator and sub-fund accountant to the Funds pursuant to a Sub-Administration and Sub-Fund Accounting Agreement dated October 1, 2015, as amended, by and between Victory Capital and Citi. Citi assists in supervising all operations of the Funds (other than those performed by Victory Capital either as investment adviser or administrator), subject to the supervision of the Board.
Under the Sub-Administration and Sub-Fund Accounting Agreement, for the sub-administration services that Citi renders to the Funds, other series of the Trust, and the series of Victory Portfolios (“VP”), Victory Portfolios II (“VPII”), and Victory Variable Insurance Funds (“VVIF”), Victory Capital pays Citi a fee, computed daily and paid monthly, at the following annual rates: 0.011% of the first $50 billion of aggregate net assets of the Trust, VP, VPII, and VVIF net assets; plus 0.01% of aggregate net assets of Trust, VP, VPII, and VVIF net assets from $50 billion to $100 billion; plus 0.0085% of aggregate net assets of the Trust, VP, VPII, and VVIF net assets from $100 billion to $125 billion; plus 0.0065% of aggregate Trust, VP, VPII, and VVIF net assets in excess of $125 billion. Citi may periodically waive all or a portion of the amount of its fee that is allocated to any Fund in order to increase the net income of the Funds available for distribution to shareholders. Additional fees apply for providing certain services relating to implementing the new reports required by the new RIC Modernization rules adopted by the SEC under the 1940 Act. In addition, the Trust, VP, VPII, and VVIF reimburse Citi for all of its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in providing these services and certain other expenses specifically allocated to the Funds under the Sub-Administration and Sub-Fund Accounting Agreement.
The Sub-Administration and Sub-Fund Accounting Agreement provides that Citi shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the matters to which the Agreement relates, except a loss resulting from bad faith, willful misfeasance, negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Agreement.
Under the Sub-Administration and Sub-Fund Accounting Agreement, Citi calculates Trust expenses and makes disbursements; calculates capital gain and distribution information; registers the Funds’ shares with the states; prepares shareholder reports and reports
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to the SEC on Forms N-CEN, N-PORT, and N-CSR; coordinates dividend payments; calculates the Funds’ performance information; files the Trust’s tax returns; supplies individuals to serve as Trust officers; monitors the Funds’ status as regulated investment companies under the Code; assists in developing portfolio compliance procedures; reports to the Board amounts paid under shareholder service agreements; assists with regulatory compliance; obtains, maintains and files fidelity bonds and Trustees’ and officers’/errors and omissions insurance policies for the Trust; and assists in the annual audit of the Funds.
Custodian
Citibank, N.A., 388 Greenwich St., New York, New York 10013, is the custodian for the Funds. The custodian is responsible for, among other things, safeguarding and controlling each Fund’s cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities, processing the pricing of each Fund’s securities, and collecting interest on the Funds’ investments. In addition, assets of the Funds may be held by certain foreign subcustodians and foreign securities depositories as agents of the custodian in accordance with the rules and regulations established by the SEC.
Transfer Agent
Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”), 15935 La Cantera Parkway, Building Two, San Antonio, Texas 78256, an affiliate of the Manager, performs transfer agent services for the Trust under a Transfer Agency Agreement. Services include maintenance of shareholder account records, handling of communications with shareholders, distribution of Fund dividends, and production of reports with respect to account activity for shareholders and the Trust. For its services under the Transfer Agency Agreement, the Funds currently pay no fees to the Transfer Agent. However, the Transfer Agent is entitled to reimbursement from the Funds for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, charges, and other disbursements incurred by it in connection with the performance of services under the Transfer Agency Agreement, including but not limited to: (1) the cost of any and all forms, statements, labels, envelopes, checks, tax forms, and other printed materials which is required by the Transfer Agent to perform its duties; (2) delivery charges, including postage incurred in delivering materials to, and receiving them from, the Trust and shareholders; (3) communication charges; (4) maintenance of shareholder records (including charges for retention and imaging); (5) tax reporting systems; (6) counsel fees; and (7) cash and asset management services. The fee paid to the Transfer Agent includes processing of all transactions and correspondence.
The Transfer Agent is authorized to enter into arrangements with third-party service providers to provide a portion or all of the functions under the Transfer Agency Agreement. For accounts held with third-party intermediaries, the Trust pays the Transfer Agent the same fees that would have been paid to the Transfer Agent if all the accounts had been maintained by the Transfer Agent. The intermediaries may receive payments directly or indirectly from the Transfer Agent, the Manager, or their affiliates for providing services to their clients who hold Fund shares.
Sub-Transfer Agent
Under its agreement with the Trust, the Transfer Agent may delegate one or more of its responsibilities to others at its expense. The Transfer Agent has engaged FIS Investor Services LLC (“FIS”), 4249 Easton Way, Suite 400, Columbus, Ohio 43219, to serve as sub-transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent for the Funds. Under its agreement with the Transfer Agent, FIS has agreed to (1) issue and redeem shares of the Funds; (2) address and mail all communications by the Funds to their shareholders, including reports to shareholders, dividend and distribution notices and proxy material for its meetings of shareholders; (3) respond to correspondence or inquiries by shareholders and others relating to its duties; (4) maintain shareholder accounts and certain sub-accounts; and (5) make periodic reports to the Board concerning the Funds’ operations.
Underwriter and Distributor
The Trust has an agreement with Victory Capital Advisers, Inc. (“VCA”), 4900 Tiedeman Road, Brooklyn, Ohio 44144, an affiliate of the Manager, for exclusive underwriting and distribution of the Funds' shares on a continuing, best efforts basis. This agreement provides that VCA will receive no fee or other compensation for such distribution services. Effective on or about June 30, 2020, the Distributor’s name will change to Victory Capital Services, Inc.
Compliance and Legal Services
In addition to the services provided under the Funds' Administration Agreement, AMCO also provided certain tax, compliance, and legal services for the benefit of the Funds. The Board has approved the reimbursement for certain of these expenses incurred by AMCO. For the last three fiscal years ended December 31, the Funds reimbursed AMCO for tax, compliance, and legal services as follows:
Fund 2019* 2018 2017
Target Retirement Income Fund

$1,270 $3,287 $5,407
Target Retirement 2020 Fund

$2,251 $5,807 $9,840
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Fund 2019* 2018 2017
Target Retirement 2030 Fund

$4,947 $12,340 $19,347
Target Retirement 2040 Fund

$5,546 $13,721 $21,150
Target Retirement 2050 Fund

$3,160 $7,822 $11,803
Target Retirement 2060 Fund

$400 $827 $1,085
*The Funds reimbursed AMCO for the period of January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2019.
Compliance Services
Effective July 1, 2019, the Trust entered into an Agreement to Provide Compliance Services (“Compliance Agreement”) with the Adviser, pursuant to which the Adviser furnishes its compliance personnel, including the services of the CCO, and other resources reasonably necessary to provide the Trust with compliance oversight services related to the design, administration, and oversight of a compliance program for the Trust in accordance with Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. The Funds in the Victory Funds complex, in the aggregate, compensate the Adviser for these services.
The Funds reimbursed Victory Capital for compliance services for the period of July 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, as follows:
Fund 2019
Target Retirement Income Fund

$828
Target Retirement 2020 Fund

$1,435
Target Retirement 2030 Fund

$3,235
Target Retirement 2040 Fund

$3,678
Target Retirement 2050 Fund

$2,080
Target Retirement 2060 Fund

$734
Codes of Ethics
Each of the Trust, the Manager, and the Distributor has adopted a Code of Ethics in accordance with Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. The Manager Code of Ethics applies to all Access Personnel (the Manager’s directors, officers, and employees with investment advisory duties) and all Supervised Personnel (all of the Manager’s directors, officers, and employees). Each Code of Ethics provides that Access Personnel must refrain from certain trading practices. Each Code also requires all Access Personnel (and, in the Manager Code, all Supervised Personnel) to report certain personal investment activities, including, but not limited to, purchases or sales of securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. Violations of any Code of Ethics can result in penalties, suspension, or termination of employment.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
Victory Capital Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The Board has delegated to the Manager authority to vote on proposals presented to shareholders of portfolio securities held by the USAA Funds (for the purposes of this section, the term Fund includes the Retirement Funds and the Underlying Funds). The Manager votes on proposals presented to shareholders of portfolio securities held by those Funds for which the Manager is responsible. For USAA Funds with subadvisers, the Manager has delegated responsibility for voting to the applicable subadvisers. To assist the Manager in making proxy-voting decisions, the Manager has adopted a Proxy Voting Policy (“Policy”) that establishes voting guidelines (“Proxy Voting Guidelines”) with respect to certain recurring issues. The Policy is reviewed on an annual basis by the Manager’s Proxy Committee (“Proxy Committee”) and revised when the Proxy Committee determines that a change is appropriate. The Board annually reviews the Trust’s Proxy Voting Policy and the Manager’s Policy and determines whether amendments are necessary or advisable.
Voting under the Manager’s Policy may be executed through administrative screening per established guidelines with oversight by the Proxy Committee or upon vote by a quorum of the Proxy Committee. The Manager delegates to Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”), an independent service provider, the non-discretionary administration of proxy voting for the Trust, subject to oversight by the Manager’s Proxy Committee. In no circumstances shall ISS have the authority to vote proxies except in accordance with standing or specific instructions given to it by the Manager.
The Manager votes proxies in the best interests of the Funds and their shareholders. This entails voting client proxies with the objective of increasing the long-term economic value of Fund assets. The Manager’s Proxy Committee determines how to vote proxies by following established guidelines, which are not intended to be rigid rules. The Proxy Committee is directed to apply the guidelines as
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appropriate. On occasion, however, a contrary vote may be warranted when such action is in the best interests of the Funds or if required by the Board or the Funds’ Proxy Voting Policy. In such cases, the Manager may consider, among other things:
•    the effect of the proposal on the underlying value of the securities
•    the effect on marketability of the securities
•    the effect of the proposal on future prospects of the issuer
•    the composition and effectiveness of the issuer’s board of directors
•    the issuer’s corporate governance practices
•    the quality of communications from the issuer to its shareholders
The Manager also may take into account independent third-party, general industry guidance or other corporate governance review sources when making decisions. It may additionally seek guidance from other senior internal sources with special expertise on a given topic where it is appropriate. The investment team’s opinion concerning the management and prospects of the issuer may be taken into account in determining whether a vote for or against a proposal is in a Fund’s best interests. Insufficient information, onerous requests or vague, ambiguous wording may indicate that a vote against a proposal is appropriate, even when the general principal appears to be reasonable.
The following examples illustrate the Manager’s policy with respect to some common proxy votes. This summary is not an exhaustive list of all the issues that may arise or of all matters addressed in the Guidelines, and whether the Manager supports or opposes a proposal will depend upon the specific facts and circumstances described in the proxy statement and other available information.
Directors
•    The Manager generally supports the election of directors in uncontested elections, except when there are issues of accountability, responsiveness, composition, and/or independence.
•    The Manager generally supports proposals for an independent chair taking into account factors such as the current board leadership structure, the company’s governance practices, and company performance.
•    The Manager generally supports proxy access proposals that are in line with the market standards regarding the ownership threshold, ownership duration, aggregation provisions, cap on nominees, and do not contain any other unreasonably restrictive guidelines.
•    The Manager reviews contested elections on a case-by-case basis taking into account such factors as the company performance, particularly the long-term performance relative to the industry; the management track record; the nominee qualifications and compensatory arrangements; the strategic plan of the dissident and its critique of the current management; the likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved; the ownership stakes of the relevant parties; and any other context that is particular to the company and the nature of the election.
Capitalization & Restructuring
•    The Manager generally supports capitalization proposals that facilitate a corporate transaction that is also being supported and for general corporate purposes so long as the increase is not excessive and there are no issues of superior voting rights, company performance, previous abuses of capital, or insufficient justification for the need for additional capital.
Mergers and Acquisitions
•    The Manager reviews mergers and acquisitions on a case-by-case basis to balance the merits and drawbacks of the transaction and factors such as valuation, strategic rationale, negotiations and process, conflicts of interest, and the governance profile of the company post-transaction.
Compensation
•    The Manager reviews all compensation proposals for pay-for-performance alignment, with emphasis on long-term shareholder value; arrangements that risk pay for failure; independence in the setting of compensation; inappropriate pay to non-executive directors, and the quality and rationale of the compensation disclosure.
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•    The Manager will generally vote FOR advisory votes on executive compensation (“say on pay”) unless there is a pay-for-performance misalignment; problematic pay practice or non-performance-based element; incentive for excessive risk-taking, options backdating; or a lack of compensation committee communication and/or responsiveness to shareholder concerns.
•    The Manager will vote case-by-case on equity-based compensation plans taking into account factors such as the plan cost; the plan features; and the grant practices as well as any overriding factors that may have a significant negative impact on shareholder interests.
Social and Environmental Issues
•    The Manager will vote case-by-case on topics such as consumer and product safety; environment and energy; labor standards and human rights; workplace and board diversity; and corporate and political issues, taking into account factors such as the implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value; whether the company has already responded in an appropriate and sufficient manner to the issue raised; whether the request is unduly burdensome; and whether the issue is more appropriately or effectively handled through legislation or other regulations.
The Manager also may take into account independent third-party, general industry guidance or other corporate governance review sources when making decisions. It may additionally seek guidance from other senior internal sources with special expertise on a given topic where it is appropriate. The investment team’s opinion concerning the management and prospects of the issuer may be taken into account in determining whether a vote for or against a proposal is in a Fund’s best interests. Insufficient information, onerous requests or vague, ambiguous wording may indicate that a vote against a proposal is appropriate, even when the general principal appears to be reasonable.
Occasionally, conflicts of interest arise between the Manager’s interests and those of a Fund or another client. When this occurs, the Proxy Committee must document the nature of the conflict and vote the proxy in accordance with the Proxy Voting Guidelines unless such guidelines are judged by the Proxy Committee to be inapplicable to the proxy matter at issue. In the event that the Proxy Voting Guidelines are inapplicable or do not mitigate the conflict, the Manager will seek the opinion of the Manager’s Chief Compliance Officer or consult with an external independent adviser. In the case of a Proxy Committee member having a personal conflict of interest (e.g. a family member is on the board of the issuer), such member will abstain from voting. Finally, the Manager reports to the Board annually any proxy votes that took place involving a conflict, including the nature of the conflict and the basis or rationale for the voting decision made.
The Manager generally will vote on proposals presented to shareholders of portfolio securities held by the Funds. However, the Manager reserves the right not to vote on such proposals where it determines that the cost of exercising voting rights on behalf of a Fund exceeds the benefit of exercising such voting rights. In addition, the Manager generally will not vote on proposals presented to shareholders with respect to foreign securities that are on loan under the USAA Funds’ securities lending program. In this connection, the Manager has determined that the potential return from lending such securities generally is more advantageous to the USAA Fund than recalling such securities from the borrower to exercise voting rights with respect thereto. In addition, the Manager generally will not vote on proposals presented to shareholders with respect to foreign securities that are subject to share blocking where the foreign company prevents the sale of shares for a certain period of time around the shareholder meeting. For companies in countries with share blocking periods, the disadvantage of being unable to sell the stock regardless of changing conditions typically outweighs the advantages of voting at the shareholder meeting. The Manager has retained ISS to receive proxy statements, provide voting recommendations, vote shares according to our instructions, and to keep records of our votes on behalf of the USAA Funds. ISS has developed a set of criteria for evaluating and making recommendations on proxy voting issues (for example, elections of boards of directors or mergers and reorganizations). These criteria and general voting recommendations are set forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines as customized by the Manager with respect to certain matters. The Manager retains the authority to determine the final vote for securities held by the USAA Funds.
To avoid any improper influence on the Manager’s voting decisions, the Manager generally will follow the voting recommendations of ISS, except as briefly described below. Before any voting deadline, ISS will provide the Manager’s Head of Equity Investments (or his or her delegate) with a summary of the proposal and a recommendation based on the ISS Guidelines. In evaluating ISS’s recommendations, the Manager may consider information from many sources, including the USAA Funds’ portfolio manager, the Manager’s Investment Strategy Committee, the management of a company presenting a proposal, shareholder groups, and other sources. The Manager believes that the recommendation of management should be given weight in determining how to vote on a particular proposal. The Manager’s Head of Equity Investments will then review ISS’s recommendations, and if he or she determines that it would be in the Funds’ best interests to vote the shares contrary to ISS’s recommendation, he or she must determine, based on reasonable inquiry, whether any material conflict of interest exists between the Funds, on the one hand, and the Manager, the USAA Funds’ principal underwriter, or any person who is an affiliated person of the USAA Funds, the Manager, or the Funds’ principal underwriter, on the other. If a material conflict of interest is determined to exist, the Head of Equity Investments may vote contrary to ISS’s recommendation only if the proposed voting recommendation of the Head of Equity Investments is reviewed by the Manager’s
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Investment Strategy Committee, which will determine how to vote the particular proxy. With respect to any such proxy votes, the information prepared by the Manager’s Investment Strategy Committee regarding any material conflict of interest identified will be summarized and presented to the USAA Funds’ Board of Trustees at the next regularly scheduled meeting of the Board. The Manager’s Investment Strategy Committee also may establish certain proxy voting procedures for votes on certain matters that will override any ISS recommendation.
The Funds’ Proxy Voting Policy provides that the Funds, in accordance with SEC rules, annually will disclose on Form N-PX the Funds’ proxy voting record. Information regarding how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30th is updated each year by August 31st and is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll free (800) 235-8396 or by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Distribution Services
Compensation to Financial Intermediaries
The Manager or its affiliates, from time to time, may make additional payments to financial intermediaries for the sale, distribution, and retention of shares of a Fund and for services to the shares of a Fund and its shareholders. These non-plan payments are intended to provide additional compensation to financial intermediaries for various services and may take the form of, among other things, “due diligence” payments for a dealer’s examination of the Funds and payments for providing extra employee training and information relating to Funds; “listing” fees for the placement of the Funds on a dealer’s list of mutual funds available for purchase by its customers; “finders” fees for directing investors to a Fund; “distribution and marketing support” fees or “revenue sharing” for providing assistance in promoting the sale of the Funds' shares; payments for the sale of shares and/or the maintenance of share balances; CUSIP fees; maintenance fees for, among other things, account maintenance and tax reporting; and set-up fees regarding the establishment of new accounts. These financial intermediaries may impose additional or different conditions than the Funds on purchases, redemptions or exchanges of shares. They may also independently establish and charge their customers or program participants transaction fees, account fees and other amounts in connection with purchases, redemptions and exchanges of shares in addition to any fees imposed by the Funds. The additional fees charged by financial intermediaries may vary and over time could increase the cost of an investment in the Funds and lower investment returns. Each financial intermediary is responsible for transmitting to its customers and program participants a schedule of any such fees and information regarding any additional or different conditions regarding purchases, redemptions and exchanges. Shareholders who are customers of these financial intermediaries or participants in programs serviced by them should contact the financial intermediary for information regarding these fees and conditions, if any.
The additional payments made by the Manager and its affiliates may be a fixed dollar amount or may be based on a percentage of the value of shares sold to, or held by, customers of the financial intermediary involved, and may be different for different financial intermediaries. These payments may be negotiated based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the financial intermediary’s reputation in the industry, ability to attract and retain assets, target markets, customer relationships and quality of service. No one factor is determinative of the type or amount of additional compensation to be provided. The payments described above are made from the Manager’s or its affiliates’ own assets pursuant to agreements with the financial intermediaries and do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of a Fund’s shares or the amount a Fund will receive as proceeds from such sales.
The payments described above may be made, at the discretion of the Manager or its affiliates, to financial intermediaries in connection with the sale and distribution of shares of a Fund. The level of payments made to the financial intermediaries in any year will vary and normally will be based on a percentage of sales or assets attributable to that financial intermediary invested in the particular share class of a Fund. Furthermore, the Manager or its affiliates may contribute to various non-cash and cash incentive arrangements to promote the sale of shares, and may sponsor various contests and promotions subject to applicable FINRA regulations in which participants may receive prizes such as travel awards, merchandise and cash. Subject to applicable FINRA regulations, the Manager or its affiliates also may: (i) pay for the travel expenses, meals, lodging and entertainment of financial intermediary representatives and their salespersons in connection with educational and sales promotional programs, (ii) sponsor speakers, educational seminars and charitable events and (iii) provide other sales and marketing conferences and other resources to financial intermediaries and their salespersons.
In some instances, these incentives may be made available only to financial intermediaries whose representatives have sold or may sell a significant number of shares. The financial intermediaries receiving additional payments include those that may recommend that their clients consider or select a Fund for investment purposes, including those that may include one or more Funds on a “preferred” or “recommended” list of mutual funds. These payments may create an incentive for a financial intermediary or its representatives to recommend or offer shares of the Funds to its customers over shares of other funds. In addition, these payments may result in greater access by the Distributor or its affiliates to, without limitation, the financial intermediary, its representatives, advisors and consultants and sales meetings, than other funds which do not make such payments or which make lower such payments.
From time to time, the Manager or its affiliates also may pay a portion of the fees for administrative, networking, omnibus, operational and recordkeeping, sub-transfer agency and shareholder services at its or their own expense and out of its or their legitimate profits.
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If investment advisers, distributors or affiliates of mutual funds pay compensation in differing amounts, financial intermediaries and their financial consultants may have financial incentives for recommending a particular mutual fund over other mutual funds. You should consult your financial adviser and review carefully any disclosure by the financial intermediary as to compensation received by your financial adviser for more information about the payments described above.
USAA is a party to agreements with Victory Capital that provide compensation to USAA in connection with making referrals of USAA Members to the USAA Mutual Funds, the VictoryShares ETFs, and the USAA 529 College Savings Plan managed by Victory Capital.
Securities Lending
For the most recent fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the following Funds engaged in securities lending activities and paid the following dollar amounts of income and fees and compensation to the securities lending agent related to securities lending activities:
  Target Retirement Income Fund Target Retirement 2020 Fund Target Retirement 2030 Fund
Gross income earned by the fund from securities lending activities $2,877 $13,939 $19,714
• Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split $210 $1,181 $1,279
• Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in a revenue split - - -
• Administrative fees not included in a revenue split - - -
• Indemnification fees not included in a revenue split - - -
• Rebate (paid to borrower) $784 $2,633 $7,422
Aggregate fees/compensation paid by the fund for securities lending activities $994 $3,814 $8,701
Net income from securities lending activities $1,893 $10,126 $11,013
    
  Target Retirement
2040 Fund
Target Retirement 2050 Fund Target Retirement 2060 Fund
Gross income earned by the fund from securities lending activities $21,517 $5,076 $6,022
• Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split $1,338 $294 $537
• Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in a revenue split - - -
• Administrative fees not included in a revenue split - - -
• Indemnification fees not included in a revenue split - - -
• Rebate (paid to borrower) $8,638 $2,133 $651
Aggregate fees/compensation paid by the fund for securities lending activities $9,976 $2,426 $1,188
Net income from securities lending activities $11,541 $2,650 $4,834
The types of securities lending services provided to the Funds by the securities lending agent include:
•    Negotiating loan terms with borrowers;
•    Collecting from borrowers and holding cash, securities or other financial instruments that will serve as collateral for the loans;
•    Investing cash collateral in accordance with the Fund's instructions and entering into any agreements as required for the investment of collateral;
•    Marking to market non-cash collateral by reference to information provided by recognized pricing services;
•    Managing qualified dividends;
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•    Collecting or arranging for the collection of any interest, dividends or other distributions or other payments of any kind with respect to the loans;
•    Terminating or modifying the loans at any time or when directed by the Funds;
•    Arranging for the return of loaned securities to the Funds at loan termination; and
•    Recordkeeping and providing periodic reports to the Funds.
Portfolio Manager Disclosure
Victory Solutions
Other Accounts Managed
The following table sets forth the accounts for which the Funds' portfolio managers were primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management as of December 31, 2019.
  Number of Other Accounts Managed
and Assets by Account Type
  Number of Accounts and Assets for Which
Advisory Fee is Performance-Based
Name of Portfolio Manager Registered
Investment
Companies
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
Other Pooled
Investment
Vehicles
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
Other
Accounts
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
  Registered
Investment
Companies
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
Other Pooled
Investment
Vehicles
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
Other
Accounts
# of Accts
Total Assets
(millions)
Target Retirement 2020 Fund
Mannik Dhillon*

58 / $48,382 4 / $201 2 / $295   15 / $21,112 - -
Wasif Latif

36 / $44,519 - 1 / $280   15 / $21,112 - -
Lance Humphrey

20 / $12,143 - -   2 / $97 - -
Target Retirement 2030 Fund
Mannik Dhillon*

58 / $48,382 4 / $201 2 / $295   15 / $21,112 - -
Wasif Latif

36 / $44,519 - 1 / $280   15 / $21,112 - -
Lance Humphrey

20 / $12,143 - -   2 / $97 - -
Target Retirement 2040 Fund
Mannik Dhillon*

58 / $48,382 4 / $201 2 / $295   15 / $21,112 - -
Wasif Latif

36 / $44,519 - 1 / $280   15 / $21,112 - -
Lance Humphrey

20 / $12,143 - -   2 / $97 - -
Target Retirement 2050 Fund
Mannik Dhillon*

58 / $48,382 4 / $201 2 / $295   15 / $21,112 - -
Wasif Latif

36 / $44,519 - 1 / $280   15 / $21,112 - -
Lance Humphrey

20 / $12,143 - -   2 / $97 - -
Target Retirement 2060 Fund
Mannik Dhillon*

58 / $48,382 4 / $201 2 / $295   15 / $21,112 - -
Wasif Latif

36 / $44,519 - 1 / $280   15 / $21,112 - -
Lance Humphrey

20 / $12,143 - -   2 / $97 - -
Target Retirement Income Fund
Mannik Dhillon*

58 / $48,382 4 / $201 2 / $295   15 / $21,112 - -
Wasif Latif

36 / $44,519 - 1 / $280   15 / $21,112 - -
Lance Humphrey

20 / $12,143 - -   2 / $97 - -
* Effective July 1, 2019, Mannik Dhillon began co-managing the Fund.
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The following benchmarks will be used to measure the portfolio managers’ performance for the USAA Funds they manage:
Portfolio Manager Fund Benchmark(s)
Wasif Latif

Target Retirement Income Lipper Mixed Asset Target Allocation Index
  Target 2020 Lipper Mixed Asset Target 2020 Funds Index
  Target 2030 Lipper Mixed Asset Target 2030 Funds Index
  Target 2040 Lipper Mixed Asset Target 2040 Funds Index
  Target 2050 Lipper Mixed Asset Target 2050 Funds Index
  Target 2060 Lipper Mixed Asset Target 2055+ Funds Index
Lance Humphrey

Target Retirement Income Lipper Mixed Asset Target Allocation Index
  Target 2020 Lipper Mixed Asset Target 2020 Funds Index
  Target 2030 Lipper Mixed Asset Target 2030 Funds Index
  Target 2040 Lipper Mixed Asset Target 2040 Funds Index
  Target 2050 Lipper Mixed Asset Target 2050 Funds Index
  Target 2060 Lipper Mixed Asset Target 2055+ Funds Index
Mannik Dhillon

Target Retirement Income Lipper Mixed Asset Target Allocation Index
  Target 2020 Lipper Mixed Asset Target 2020 Funds Index
  Target 2030 Lipper Mixed Asset Target 2030 Funds Index
  Target 2040 Lipper Mixed Asset Target 2040 Funds Index
  Target 2050 Lipper Mixed Asset Target 2050 Funds Index
  Target 2060 Lipper Mixed Asset Target 2055+ Funds Index
* Mannik Dhillon began managing the listed Funds on July 1, 2019.
Portfolio Ownership
As of the period ended December 31, 2019, the Funds’ portfolio managers did not beneficially own any securities of the Funds.
Conflicts of Interest
The Manager’s portfolio managers are often responsible for managing one or more Funds as well as other accounts, such as separate accounts, and other pooled investment vehicles, such as collective trust funds or unregistered hedge funds. A portfolio manager may manage other accounts which have materially higher fee arrangements than a Fund and may, in the future, manage other accounts which have a performance-based fee. A portfolio manager also may make personal investments in accounts he or she manages or supports. The side-by-side management of the Funds along with other accounts may raise potential conflicts of interest by incenting a portfolio manager to direct a disproportionate amount of: (1) their attention; (2) limited investment opportunities, such as less liquid securities or initial public offering; and/or (3) desirable trade allocations to such other accounts. In addition, certain trading practices, such as cross-trading between Funds or between a Fund and another account, raise conflict of interest issues. The Manager has adopted numerous compliance policies and procedures, including a Code of Ethics, and brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures, which seek to address the conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition, the Manager has a designated Chief Compliance Officer (selected in accordance with the federal securities laws) and compliance staff whose activities are focused on monitoring the activities of the Manager’s investment franchises and employees in order to detect and address potential and actual conflicts of interest. However, there can be no assurance that the Manager’s compliance program will achieve its intended result.
Compensation
Portfolio Manager Compensation after Calendar Year 2019
The following description will apply to the compensation of the portfolio managers who are part of the USAA Investments franchise and Victory Solutions platform (except Mr. Dhillon) for years beginning January 1, 2020, or later. The following description applies to the compensation of Mr. Dhillon for the years ending December 31, 2020, or later.
The Manager has designed the structure of its portfolio managers’ compensation to (1) align portfolio managers’ interests with those of the Manager’s clients with an emphasis on long-term, risk-adjusted investment performance, (2) help the Manager attract and retain high-quality investment professionals, and (3) contribute to the Manager’s overall financial success. Each of the portfolio managers receives a base salary plus an annual incentive bonus for managing a Fund, separate accounts, other investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts (including any accounts for which the Manager receives a performance fee) (together, “Accounts”). A portfolio manager’s base salary is dependent on the portfolio manager’s level of experience and expertise. The Manager
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monitors each portfolio manager’s base salary relative to salaries paid for similar positions with peer firms by reviewing data provided by various independent, third-party consultants that specialize in competitive salary information. Such data, however, is not considered to be a definitive benchmark.
Members of the Manager’s Victory Solutions platform may earn incentive compensation based on the performance of the Victory Solutions platform. Members of the Manager’s other investment franchises may earn incentive compensation based on a percentage of the Manager’s revenue attributable to fees paid by Accounts managed by that team. The chief investment officer or a senior member of the team, in coordination with the Manager, determines the allocation of the incentive compensation earned by the team among the team’s portfolio managers by establishing a “target” incentive for each portfolio manager based on the portfolio manager’s level of experience and expertise in the portfolio manager’s investment style. Individual performance is based on objectives established annually using performance metrics such as portfolio structure and positioning, research, stock selection, asset growth, client retention, presentation skills, marketing to prospective clients and contribution to the Manager’s philosophy and values, such as leadership, risk management and teamwork. The annual incentive bonus also factors in individual investment performance of each portfolio manager’s portfolio or Fund relative to a selected peer group(s). The overall performance results for a portfolio manager are based on the composite performance of all Accounts managed by that manager on a combination of one-, three-, and five-year rolling performance periods as compared to the performance information of a peer group of similarly-managed competitors.
The Manager’s portfolio managers may participate in the equity ownership plan of the Manager’s parent company. There is an ongoing annual equity pool granted to certain employees based on their contribution to the firm. Eligibility for participation in these incentive programs depends on the manager’s performance and seniority.
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure
The Trust’s Board has adopted a policy on selective disclosure of portfolio holdings. The Trust’s policy is to protect the confidentiality of each USAA Fund’s portfolio holdings and prevent the selective disclosure of material non-public information about the identity of such holdings. To prevent the selective disclosure of portfolio holdings of the USAA Funds, the general policy of the USAA Funds is not to disclose any portfolio holdings of the USAA Funds, other than the portfolio holdings filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR (i.e., annual and semiannual reports) and Form N-PORT (i.e., fund portfolio holdings reports), and any portfolio holdings made available on usaa.com. This general policy shall not apply, however, in the following instances:
•    Where the person to whom the disclosure is made owes a fiduciary or other duty of trust or confidence to the USAA Fund (e.g., auditors, attorneys, and Access Persons under the Victory Capital Code of Ethics);
•    Where the person has a valid reason to have access to the portfolio holdings information and has agreed not to disclose or misuse the information (e.g., custodians, accounting agents, securities lending agents, subadvisers, rating agencies, mutual fund evaluation services, such as Lipper, Inc. and proxy voting agents);
•    As disclosed in this SAI; and
•    As required by law or a regulatory body.
If portfolio holdings are released pursuant to an ongoing arrangement with any party that owes a fiduciary or other duty of trust or confidence to the USAA Fund or has a valid reason to have access to the portfolio holdings information and has agreed not to disclose or misuse the information, the USAA Fund must have a legitimate business purpose for doing so, and neither the USAA Fund, nor the Manager or its affiliates, may receive any compensation in connection with an arrangement to make available information about the USAA Fund’s portfolio holdings. If the applicable conditions set forth above are satisfied, a USAA Fund may distribute portfolio holdings to mutual fund evaluation services such as Lipper and broker-dealers that may be used by the USAA Fund, for the purpose of efficient trading and receipt of relevant research. In providing this information to broker-dealers, reasonable precautions are taken to avoid any potential misuse of the disclosed information.
Each USAA Fund also may disclose any and all portfolio information to its service providers and others who generally need access to such information in the performance of their contractual duties and responsibilities and are subject to duties of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on non-public information, imposed by law and/or agreement. Each USAA Fund may provide portfolio holdings information to the following affiliates, subadvisers, vendors, broker-dealers and service providers: (1) certain affiliated entities with common systems access; (2) subadvisers to series of the Trust; (3) custodians and tax service providers (e.g., Citibank, N.A.); (4) securities lending agents (e.g., Citibank); (5) proxy voting and class action filing agents (ISS); (6) trade analytic consultants (e.g., Markit); (7) financial statement service providers (e.g., V.G. Reed & Sons, Inc., Toppan Merrill, and Donnelley Financial Solutions); (8) certain mutual fund evaluation service providers (e.g., Lipper, Inc., Morningstar, Inc., Factset, Bloomberg Finance LP); (9) pricing vendors (e.g., S& P, JJ Kenney & Co., Thompson Financial/Reuters, ValueLine, Yield Book, and IDC) and (10) platform vendors, ICE Data Pricing & Reference Data LLC (“ICE”), (e.g., Charles River and Sungard (Dataware Solutions)) as well as certain other
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individuals that owe the Trust a duty of trust and confidence including fund counsel, internal audit, independent auditors, identified nationally recognized statistical rating organizations and executing broker dealers.
Any person or entity that does not have a previously approved ongoing arrangement to receive non-public portfolio holdings information and seeks a USAA Fund’s portfolio holdings information that (i) has not been filed with the SEC, or (ii) is not available on usaa.com, must submit its request in writing to the USAA Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), or USAA Funds Legal Counsel, or their designee(s), who will make a determination whether disclosure of such portfolio holdings may be made and whether the relevant Fund needs to make any related disclosure in its SAI. A report will be made to the Board at each quarterly meeting about (i) any determinations made by the CCO or USAA Funds Legal Counsel, pursuant to the procedures set forth in this paragraph, and (ii) any violations of the portfolio holdings policy.
Each Fund intends to post its annual and semiannual reports, and quarterly schedules of portfolio holdings on usaa.com after these reports are filed with the SEC (which typically occurs approximately 60 days after the end of each fiscal quarter). The Target Retirement Funds intend to post all underlying USAA Funds holdings on usaa.com 15 days following the end of each month. Effective April 30, 2019, the Funds ceased disclosing their holdings on Form N-Q. Monthly portfolio disclosures now are filed with the SEC on Form N-PORT. Information reported on Form N-PORT for the third month of each Fund’s fiscal quarter will be made publicly available 60 days after the end of the Fund’s fiscal quarter.
Approximately 31 days after the end of each month, each Fund’s portfolio holdings will be delivered to certain independent evaluation and reporting services such as Bloomberg, S&P, and Morningstar.
For the last month of each quarter, after all USAA fund holdings for the Funds are made available on usaa.com, this information will be delivered to certain independent evaluation and reporting services such as Lipper, S&P, Thomson Financial, and Value Line.
In order to address potential conflicts of interest between the interests of each USAA Fund’s shareholders, on the one hand, and the interests of the USAA Funds’ Manager, principal underwriter, or certain affiliated persons, on the other, the USAA Funds have adopted the policies described above (i) prohibiting the receipt of compensation in connection with an arrangement to make available information about each USAA Fund’s portfolio holdings and (ii) requiring certain requests for non-public portfolio holdings information to be approved by the CCO or USAA Funds Legal Counsel, and then reported to the Board, including the Independent Trustees.
General Information
Counsel
K&L Gates LLP, 1601 K Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, reviews certain legal matters for the Trust in connection with the shares offered by the prospectuses.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young LLP, 111 West Houston Street, Suite 1901, San Antonio, Texas 78205, is the independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds. In this capacity, the firm is responsible for the audits of the annual financial statements of each Fund.
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Appendix A – Long-Term and Short-Term Debt Ratings
1. Long-Term Debt Ratings:
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (Moody’s)
Aaa Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess speculative characteristics.
Ba Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative, of poor standing, and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal and interest.
Note: Moody’s applies numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 in each generic rating classification. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category, the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking, and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
S&P Global Ratings (S&P)
AAA An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligation only in small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters to pay interest and repay principal. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
  Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
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CC An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC’ rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C An obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.
D An obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the 'D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The 'D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to 'D' if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from “AA to CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
Fitch Ratings Inc. (Fitch)
AAA Highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA Very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote a very low expectation of credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A High credit quality. “A” ratings denote a low expectation of credit risk. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB Good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of default are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB Speculative. “BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists that supports the servicing of financial commitments.
B Highly speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC Substantial credit risk. Default is a real possibility.
CC Very high levels of credit risk. Default of some kind appears probable.
C Near default. A default or default-like process has begun, or the issuer is in standstill, or for a closed funding vehicle, payment capacity is irrevocably impaired. Conditions that are indicative of a ‘C’ category rating for an issuer include:
  a. the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation;
  b. the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation;
  c. the formal announcement by the issuer or its agent of a distressed debt exchange;
  d. a closed financing vehicle where payment capacity is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default is imminent.
RD Restricted Default. 'RD' ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch’s opinion has experienced:
  a. an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation, but
  b. has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation, or other formal winding-up procedure, and
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  c. has not otherwise ceased operating.
  This would include:
  i. the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt;
  ii. the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation;
  iii. the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; and
  iv. ordinary execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.
D Default. “D” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch’s opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation, or other formal winding-up procedure or that has otherwise ceased business.
Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
2. Short-Term Debt Ratings:
Moody’s Municipal Obligations
MIG 1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, high reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Moody’s Demand Obligations
VMIG 1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
Moody’s Corporate and Government
Prime-1 Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions) have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
Prime-2 Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
Prime-3 Issuers rated Prime-3 (or supporting institutions) have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
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NP Not Prime. Issues do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
S&P Municipal
SP-1 Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2 Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3 Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
S&P Corporate and Government
A-1 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Fitch
F1 Highest credit quality. Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2 Good credit quality. A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.
F3 Fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near-term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade.
B Speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C High default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
D Default. Denotes actual or imminent payment default
Victory Capital means Victory Capital Management Inc., the investment manager of the USAA Mutual Funds. USAA Mutual Funds are distributed by Victory Capital Advisers, Inc., a broker dealer registered with FINRA and an affiliate of Victory Capital.  Victory Capital and its affiliates are not affiliated with United Services Automobile Association or its affiliates. USAA and the USAA logos are registered trademarks and the USAA Mutual Funds and USAA Investments logos are trademarks of United Services Automobile Association and are being used by Victory Capital and its affiliates under license.
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USAA MUTUAL FUNDS TRUST
PART C. OTHER INFORMATION
    Exhibits
    USAA Mutual Funds Trust Third Amended and Restated Master Trust Agreement dated September 22, 2015, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(i) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 127 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on July 28, 2016 (hereinafter referred to as PEA 127).
    USAA Mutual Funds Trust Fourth Amended and Restated Master Trust Agreement dated February 25, 2016, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(ii) of PEA 127.
    Second Amended and Restated By-Laws dated September 22, 2015, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (b)(i) of PEA 127.
    Investment Advisory Agreement between USAA Mutual Funds Trust and Victory Capital Management Inc. (“VCM”) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (D) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 166 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019 (hereinafter referred to as PEA 166).
    Investment Subadvisory Agreement between VCM and Loomis Sayles dated July 1, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (D) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 174 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on November 27, 2019, (hereinafter referred to as PEA 174).
    Investment Subadvisory Agreement between VCM and MFS dated July 1, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (D) of PEA 174.
    Investment Subadvisory Agreement between VCM and Wellington Management dated July 1, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (D) of PEA 174.
    Investment Subadvisory Agreement between VCM and The Renaissance Group, LLC dated July 1, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (D) of PEA 174.
    Investment Subadvisory Agreement between VCM and Granahan Investment Management, Inc. dated July 1, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d) of PEA 174.
    Investment Subadvisory Agreement between VCM and Brandes Investment Partners, L.P., dated July 1, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (D) of PEA 174.
    Investment Subadvisory Agreement between VCM and Lazard Asset Management dated July 1, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (D) of PEA 174.
    Investment Subadvisory Agreement between VCM and ClariVest Asset Management LLC dated July 1, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (D) of PEA 174.
    Investment Subadvisory Agreement between VCM and Northern Trust Investments, N.A. dated July 1, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (D) of PEA 174.
    Investment Subadvisory Agreement between VCM and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. dated July 1, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (D) of PEA 174.
    Letter Agreement Advisory Fee Waiver for Managed Allocation Fund is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (D) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on July 29, 2019 (hereinafter referred to as PEA 168).
    Distribution Agreement between USAA Mutual Funds Trust and Victory Capital Advisers, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (E) of PEA 166.
    Global Custodial Services Agreement USAA Mutual Funds Trust is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (G) of PEA 166.
    Transfer Agency Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (H) of PEA 166.
    Fund Administration, Servicing and Accounting Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (H) of PEA 166.
    Agreement and Plan of Conversion and Termination with respect to USAA Mutual Fund, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(iii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on September 29, 2006 (hereinafter referred to as PEA 21).
    Agreement and Plan of Conversion and Termination with respect to USAA Investment Trust is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(iv) of PEA 21.
    Agreement and Plan of Conversion and Termination with respect to USAA Tax Exempt Fund, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(v) of PEA 21.
    Global Securities Lending Agency Agreement dated February 14, 2017, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (H)(XXX) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 148 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on November 27, 2017 (hereinafter referred to as PEA 148).
    Amendment No. 1 to Global Lending Agency Agreement dated August 10, 2017, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (H)(XXXI) of PEA 148.
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    Amendment No. 2 to Global Lending Agency Agreement dated October 19, 2017, Amendment No. 1 to Global Lending Agency Agreement dated August 10, 2017, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (H)(XXXII) of PEA 148.
    Expense Limitation Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (H) of PEA 166.
    Amendment No. 1 to the Expense Limitation agreement (filed herewith)
    Opinion and Consent of Counsel with respect to the USAA Mutual Funds Trust May 31 fiscal year end funds and all relevant share classes is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (I) of PEA 171.
    Opinion and Consent of Counsel with respect to the USAA Mutual Funds Trust July 31 fiscal year end funds is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (I) of PEA 174.
    Opinion and Consent of Counsel with respect to the USAA Mutual Funds Trust December 31 fiscal year end funds and all relevant share classes (filed herewith).
    Opinion and Consent of Counsel with respect to the USAA Mutual Funds Trust March 31 fiscal year end funds and all relevant share classes is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (I) of PEA 168.
    Opinion and Consent of Counsel with respect to Extended Market Index Fund, Nasdaq-100 Fund, and 500 Index Fund and all relevant share classes is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (I) of PEA 166.
    Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm with respect to the USAA Mutual Funds Trust 5/31 fiscal year end funds is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (J) of PEA 171.
    Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm with respect to the USAA Mutual Funds Trust July 31 fiscal year end funds is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (J) of PEA 174.
    Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm with respect to the USAA Mutual Funds Trust December 31 fiscal year end funds (filed herewith).
    Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm with respect to the USAA Mutual Funds Trust March 31 fiscal year end funds and all relevant share classes is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (J) of PEA 168.
    Subscriptions and Investment Letters
    Subscription and Investment Letter for Global Opportunities Fund is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (l) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on September 26, 2008 (hereinafter referred to as PEA 40).
    Subscription and Investment Letter for Target Retirement Income Fund, Target Retirement 2020 Fund, Target Retirement 2030 Fund, Target Retirement 2040 Fund, and Target Retirement 2050 Fund is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (l) of PEA 40.
    Subscription and Investment Letter for Managed Allocation Fund is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (L) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 51 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on February 26, 2010.
    Subscription and Investment Letter for Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund and Real Return Fund is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (L) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on November 24, 2010.
    Subscription and Investment Letter for Cornerstone Conservative Fund, Cornerstone Moderately Conservative Fund, Cornerstone Aggressive Fund, and Cornerstone Equity Fund is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (L) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on July 27, 2012.
    Subscription and Investment Letter for Flexible Income Fund (Fund Shares, Adviser Shares and Institutional Shares) and Target Retirement 2060 Fund dated July 12, 2013, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (L) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on July 26, 2013.
    Subscription and Investment Letter for Target Managed Allocation Fund and Global Equity Income Fund (Fund Shares and Institutional Shares) dated August 7, 2015, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (L) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 124 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on April 29, 2016.
    12b-1 Plans is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (M) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on May 28, 2010.
    Amended Schedule A Pursuant to 12b-1 Plans. 12b-1 Plans is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (M) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 155 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on August 15, 2018 (hereinafter referred to as PEA 155).
    18f-3 Plans
    Amended and Restated Multiple Class Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 USAA Mutual Funds Trust (500 Index Fund) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (n)(i) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on April 29, 2009.
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    Amended and Restated Multiple Class Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 USAA Mutual Funds Trust is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (N) of PEA 155.
    Code of Ethics
    Victory Capital Management Inc., Effective July 1, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (P) of PEA 174.
    Northern Trust Investments dated April 1, 2016, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(ii) of PEA 127.
    Wellington Management Company LLP dated April 30, 2017, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (P) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 143 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on July 28, 2017.
    Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P. dated April 18, 2018 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (P)(V) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 158 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on September 27, 2018 (hereinafter referred to as PEA 158).
    MFS Investment Management dated April 30, 2018, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (P)(VII) of PEA 158.
    Renaissance Investment Management December 29, 2017, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (P)(VIII) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on April 26, 2018.
    Granahan Investment Management, Inc., October 25, 2013, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (P) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 101 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on July 27, 2014.
    Lazard Asset Management dated April 1, 2016, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(xv) of PEA 127
    Brandes Investment Partners, L.P. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (P) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 84 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on November 28, 2012.
    ClariVest Asset Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (P)(XVII) of PEA 148.
    Powers of Attorney
    Powers of Attorney for Christopher K. Dryer, Michael Reimherr, Robert L. Mason, Barbara B. Ostdiek, Paul L. McNamara, Dawn M. Hawley, Jefferson C. Boyce, Richard Y. Newton, III, Daniel S. McNamara, and James K. De Vries dated June 13, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (Q) of PEA 166.
    Power of Attorney for David C. Brown dated July 10, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (Q) of PEA 168.
    Power of Attorney for John C. Walters dated September 25, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (Q) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 171 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-7852), electronically filed with the SEC on September 27, 2019 (hereinafter referred to as PEA No. 171).
Item 29.    Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Fund
Information pertaining to persons controlled by or under common control with Registrant is hereby incorporated by reference to the section captioned “Trustees and Officers of the Trust” in the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).
Item 30.    Indemnification
Protection for the liability of the adviser and underwriter and for the officers and trustees of the Registrant is provided by two methods:
(a) The Trustee and Officer Liability Policy. This policy covers all losses incurred by the Registrant, its adviser, and its underwriter from any claim made against those entities or persons during the policy period by any shareholder or former shareholder of any Fund by reason of any alleged negligent act, error, or omission committed in connection with the administration of the investments of said Registrant or in connection with the sale or redemption of shares issued by said Registrant. The Trust will not pay for such insurance to the extent that payment therefor is in violation of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) or the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”).
(b) Indemnification Provisions under Agreement and Declaration of Trust. Under Article VI of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, each of its Trustees and officers or any person serving at the Registrant’s request as directors, officers, or trustees of another organization in which the Registrant has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (“Covered Person”) shall be indemnified against all liabilities, including but not limited to amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and expenses, including reasonable accountants’ and counsel fees, incurred by any Covered Person in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such person may be or may have been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of
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  being or having been such an officer, director, or trustee, except with respect to any matter as to which it has been determined that such Covered Person had acted with willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person’s office (such conduct referred to hereafter as “Disabling Conduct”). A determination that the Covered Person is entitled to indemnification may be made by (i) a final decision on the merits by a court or other body before whom the proceeding was brought that the person to be indemnified was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct, (ii) dismissal of a court action or an administrative proceeding against a Covered Person for insufficiency of evidence of Disabling Conduct, or (iii) a reasonable determination, based upon a review of the facts, that the Covered Person was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct by (a) a vote of a majority of a quorum of Trustees who are neither “interested persons” of the Registrant as defined in section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act nor parties to the proceeding, or (b) an independent legal counsel in a written opinion.
Expenses, including accountants and counsel fees so incurred by any such Covered Person (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties), may be paid from time to time from funds attributable to the Fund of the Registrant in question in advance of the final disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding, provided that the Covered Person shall have undertaken to repay the amounts so paid to the Fund of the Registrant in question if it is ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under this Article VI and (i) the Covered Person shall have provided security for such undertaking, (ii) the Registrant shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or (iii) a majority of a quorum of the disinterested Trustees who are not a party to the proceeding, or an independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall have determined, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to full trial-type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the Covered Person ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
As to any matter disposed of by a compromise payment by any such Covered Person pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise, no such indemnification either for said payment or for any other expenses shall be provided unless such indemnification shall be approved (a) by a majority of the disinterested Trustees who are not parties to the proceeding or (b) by an independent legal counsel in a written opinion. Approval by the Trustees pursuant to clause (a) or by independent legal counsel pursuant to clause (b) shall not prevent the recovery from any Covered Person of any amount paid to such Covered Person in accordance with any of such clauses as indemnification if such Covered Person is subsequently adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction to have been liable to the Registrant or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person’s office.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to trustees, officers, and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of the Trust or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer, or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer, or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, then the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by a controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31.    Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser
Information pertaining to business and other connections of the Registrant’s investment adviser is hereby incorporated by reference to the section of the Prospectus captioned “Fund Management” and to the section of the SAI captioned “Trustees and Officers of the Trust.”
With respect to certain funds of the Registrant, Victory Capital Management Inc. currently engages the following subadvisers:
  (a) Wellington Management Company LLP (“Wellington Management”), located at 75 State Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109, serves as a subadviser to the Science & Technology Fund, Small Cap Stock Fund, and International Fund. The information required by this Item 31 with respect to each director and officer of Wellington Management is incorporated herein by reference to Wellington Management’s current Form ADV as amended and filed with the SEC.
  (b) Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P. (“Loomis Sayles”), located at One Financial Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves as a subadviser to the Growth Fund. The information required by this Item 31 with respect to each director and officer of Loomis Sayles is incorporated herein by reference to Loomis Sayles’ current Form ADV as amended and filed with the SEC.
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  (c) MFS Investment Management (“MFS”), located at 111 Huntington, Boston, Massachusetts 02199, serves as a subadviser to the World Growth Fund. The information required by this Item 31 with respect to each director and officer of MFS is incorporated herein by reference to MFS’s current Form ADV as amended and filed with the SEC and is incorporated herein by reference.
  (d) Renaissance Investment Management (“Renaissance”), located at 625 Eden Park Drive, Suite 1200, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, serves as a subadviser to the Growth Fund. The information required by this Item 31 with respect to each director and officer of Renaissance is incorporated herein by reference to Renaissance’s current Form ADV as amended and filed with the SEC.
  (e) Granahan Investment Management, Inc. (“Granahan”), located at 404 Wyman St. Suite 270, Waltham MA 02451, serves as a subadviser to the Small Cap Stock Fund. The information required by this Item 31 with respect to each director and officer of Granahan is incorporated herein by reference to Granahan’s current Form ADV as amended and filed with the SEC.
  (f) Lazard Asset Management (“Lazard”), located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, New York 10112-6300, serves as a subadviser to the Emerging Markets Fund and International Fund. The information required by this Item 31 with respect to each director and officer of Lazard is incorporated herein by reference to Lazard’s current Form ADV as amended and filed with the SEC.
  (g) Brandes Investment Partners, L.P. (“Brandes”), located at 11988 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130, serves as a subadviser to the Emerging Markets Fund. The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director and officer of Brandes is incorporated herein by reference to Brandes’ current Form ADV as amended and filed with the SEC.
  (h) ClariVest Asset Management LLC (“ClariVest”), located at 3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92130, serves as a subadviser to the Small Cap Stock Fund. The information required by this Item 31 with respect to each director and officer of ClariVest is incorporated herein by reference to ClariVest’s current Form ADV as amended and filed with the SEC.
  (i) Northern Trust Investments, N.A. (“NTI”), located at 50 S. LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603, serves as a subadviser to the Growth and Tax Strategy Fund. The information required by this Item 31 with respect to each director and officer of NTI is incorporated herein by reference to NTI’s current Form ADV as amended and filed with the SEC.
Item 32.    Principal Underwriters
(a) Victory Capital Advisers, Inc. (“VCA”) acts as principal underwriter and distributor of the Registrant’s shares on a best-efforts basis and receives no fee or commission for its underwriting services. Effective on or about June 30, 2020, the principal underwriter and distributor’s name will change to Victory Capital Services, Inc.
(b) Following is information concerning directors and executive officers of VCA.
   
Name and Principal   Business Address   Position and Offices
with VCA
  Position and Offices
with Registrant
David C. Brown   4900 Tiedeman Rd
Brooklyn, OH 44144
  Director   Trustee
Michael D. Policarpo, II   4900 Tiedeman Rd
Brooklyn, OH 44144
  Director   None
Susan Woodward   4900 Tiedeman Rd
Brooklyn, OH 44144
  Chief Compliance Officer   None
Christopher Dyer   4900 Tiedeman Rd
Brooklyn, OH 44144
  Chief Operations Officer   President
Nina Gupta   4900 Tiedeman Rd
Brooklyn, OH 44144
  Director, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary   None
Donald Inks   4900 Tiedeman Rd
Brooklyn, OH 44144
  President and Principal Operations Officer   None
Christopher Ponte   4900 Tiedeman Rd
Brooklyn, OH 44144
  Principal Financial Officer, Treasurer   None
(c) Not Applicable
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Item 33.    Location of Accounts and Records
The following entities prepare, maintain, and preserve the records required by Section 31(a) of the 1940 for the Registrant. These services are provided to the Registrant through written agreements between the parties to the effect that such services will be provided to the Registrant for such periods prescribed by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the 1940 Act and such records are the property of the entity required to maintain and preserve such records and will be surrendered promptly on request.
Victory Capital Management Inc.
15935 La Cantera Pkwy, Building 2
San Antonio, Texas 78256
Citibank, N.A.
388 Greenwich St.
New York, NY 10013
Victory Capital Advisers, Inc.
4900 Tiedeman Road
Brooklyn, Ohio 44144
 
Wellington Management Company LLP
75 State Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
(records relating to its functions as a subadviser with respect to the Science & Technology Fund, Small Cap Stock Fund, and International Fund)
Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P.
One Financial Center
Boston, Massachusetts 02111
(records relating to its functions as a subadviser with respect to the Growth Fund)
MFS Investment Management
111 Huntington Avenue
Boston, Massachusetts 02199
(records relating to its functions as a subadviser with respect to the World Growth Fund)
Renaissance Investment Management
625 Eden Park Drive, Suite 1200
Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
(records relating to its functions as a subadviser with respect to the Growth Fund)
Granahan Investment Management, Inc.
275 Wyman St. Suite 270
Waltham, MA 02451
(records relating to its functions as a subadviser with respect to the Small Cap Stock Fund)
Lazard Asset Management
30 Rockefeller Plaza
New York, NY 10112-6300
(records relating to its functions as a subadviser with respect to the Emerging Markets Fund and International Fund)
Brandes Investment Partners, L.P.
11988 El Camino Real
San Diego, CA 92130
(records relating to its functions as a subadviser with respect to the Emerging Markets Fund)
ClariVest Asset Management LLC
3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 100
San Diego, CA 92130
(records relating to its functions as a subadviser with respect to the Small Cap Stock Fund)
Northern Trust Investments, Inc.
50 S. LaSalle Street
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Chicago, Illinois 60603
(records relating to its functions as a subadviser with respect to the Growth and Tax Strategy Fund)
Item 34.    Management Services
Not Applicable.
Item 35.    Undertakings
None.
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