EX-13 2 v067744_ex13.htm Unassociated Document
Exhibit 13
Common Stock Data
The Common Stock of the Company is traded under the symbol "ITIC" in the over-the-counter market and is quoted on the National Market System of the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System ("NASDAQ"). The number of record holders of common stock at December 31, 2006 was 481. The number of record holders is based upon the actual number of holders registered on the books of the Company at such date and does not include holders of shares in “street names” or persons, partnerships, associations, corporations or other entities identified in security position listings maintained by depository trust companies. The following table shows the high and low sales prices reported on the NASDAQ National Market System.

   
2006
 
2005
 
   
High
 
Low
 
High
 
Low
 
First Quarter
 
$
48.99
 
$
40.17
 
$
42.00
 
$
35.50
 
Second Quarter
 
$
47.88
 
$
40.02
 
$
38.92
 
$
34.27
 
Third Quarter
 
$
48.99
 
$
42.94
 
$
42.99
 
$
34.94
 
Fourth Quarter
 
$
54.76
 
$
45.50
 
$
44.75
 
$
37.77
 

The Company paid cash dividends of $0.06 per share in each of the four quarters in 2006. The Company paid cash dividends of $0.04 per share in each of the four quarters in 2005.

The Company’s current dividend policy anticipates the payment of quarterly dividends in the future. The declaration and payment of dividends will be in the discretion of the Board of Directors and will be dependent upon the Company’s future earnings, financial condition and capital requirements. The payment of dividends is subject to the restrictions described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Market Makers for 2006  
 
The Archipelago Exchange
Davenport & Company LLC
Nasdaq Execution Services LLC
Automated Trading Desk
E*Trade Capital Markets LLC
UBS Securities LLC
Citadel Derivatives Group LLC
Ferris, Baker Watts, Inc.
 
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
Knight Equity Markets , L.P.
 

Financial Highlights

For the Year
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
2002
 
Net premiums written
 
$
70,196,467
 
$
76,522,266
 
$
71,843,445
 
$
83,944,955
 
$
67,298,617
 
Revenues
   
84,661,716
   
87,863,878
   
79,841,176
   
90,829,871
   
72,852,340
 
Investment income
   
4,326,335
   
3,335,767
   
2,752,838
   
2,691,687
   
2,806,808
 
Net income
   
13,185,434
   
13,292,923
   
10,719,166
   
10,965,014
   
8,108,842
 
                                 
Per Share Data
    
Basic earnings per common share
 
$
5.22
 
$
5.19
 
$
4.29
 
$
4.38
 
$
3.22
 
Weighted average shares outstanding—Basic
   
2,527,927
   
2,560,418
   
2,496,711
   
2,503,659
   
2,517,328
 
Diluted earnings per common share
 
$
5.14
 
$
5.10
 
$
4.09
 
$
4.18
 
$
3.12
 
Weighted average shares outstanding—Diluted
   
2,564,216
   
2,607,633
   
2,620,916
   
2,624,473
   
2,597,979
 
Cash dividends per share
 
$
.24
 
$
.16
 
$
.15
 
$
.12
 
$
.12
 
                                 
At Year End
    
Assets
 
$
143,516,378
 
$
128,471,528
 
$
113,186,752
 
$
100,471,811
 
$
84,637,146
 
Investments in securities
   
121,580,046
   
95,152,573
   
93,260,545
   
79,842,183
   
65,336,439
 
Stockholders' equity
   
95,275,663
   
84,297,256
   
72,507,271
   
63,188,746
   
52,668,184
 
Book value/share
   
38.00
   
33.07
   
29.22
   
25.24
   
20.93
 
                                 
Performance Ratios
    
Net income to:
                               
Average stockholders' equity
   
14.69
%
 
16.95
%
 
15.80
%
 
18.93
%
 
16.73
%
Total revenues (profit margin)
   
15.57
%
 
15.13
%
 
13.43
%
 
12.07
%
 
11.13
%





 
 
Investors Title Company
 
 

 

   
Period Ending
 
Index
 
12/31/01
 
12/31/02
 
12/31/03
 
12/31/04
 
12/31/05
 
12/31/06
 
Investors Title Company
   
100.00
   
148.86
   
202.97
   
243.29
   
278.49
   
354.53
 
Custom Peer Group*
   
100.00
   
133.48
   
200.10
   
249.26
   
309.80
   
248.21
 
NASDAQ Composite
   
100.00
   
68.76
   
103.67
   
113.16
   
115.57
   
127.58
 

             
             
             
             
             
             
*The Custom Peer Group consists of Fidelity National Financial, Inc., First American Corporation, LandAmerica Financial
Group, Inc., and Stewart Information Services Corporation.
       
             

 
 

Investors Title Company and Subsidiaries
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes in this report.

Overview
 
Title Insurance: Investors Title Company (the "Company") engages primarily in two segments of business. Its primary business activity is the issuance of title insurance through two subsidiaries, Investors Title Insurance Company ("ITIC") and Northeast Investors Title Insurance Company ("NE-ITIC"), which accounted for 90% of the Company’s operating revenues in 2006. Through ITIC and NE-ITIC, the Company underwrites land title insurance for real estate owners and mortgagees as a primary insurer. Title insurance protects against loss or damage resulting from title defects that affect real property.
 
There are two basic types of title insurance policies - one for the mortgage lender and one for the real estate owner. A lender often requires property owners to purchase title insurance to protect the lender’s position as a holder of a mortgage loan, but the lender's title insurance policy does not protect the property owner. The property owner has to purchase a separate owner's title insurance policy to protect their investment. When real property is conveyed from one party to another, occasionally there is an undisclosed defect in the title or a mistake or omission in a prior deed, will or mortgage that may give a third party a legal claim against such property. If a claim is made against real property, title insurance provides indemnification against insured defects. The title insurer has the option to retain counsel and pay the legal expenses to eliminate or defend against any title defects, pay any third party claims arising from errors in title examination and recording or pay the insured’s actual losses, up to policy limits, arising from defects in title as defined in the policy.
 
ITIC delivers title insurance coverage through a home office, branch offices and issuing agents. In North Carolina, ITIC issues policies primarily through a home office and 27 branch offices. The Company also has branch offices in South Carolina and Nebraska. In other states, title policies are issued primarily through issuing agents. Issuing agents are typically real estate attorneys or subsidiaries of community and regional mortgage lending institutions, depending on local customs and regulations and the Company’s marketing strategy in a particular territory. The ability to attract and retain issuing agents is a key determinant of the Company’s growth in premiums written.
 
The Company's overall level of premiums written is affected by real estate activity. In turn, real estate activity is affected by a number of factors, including the level of interest rates, the availability of mortgage funds, the level of real estate transactions and mortgage refinance activity, the cost of real estate, employment levels, family income levels and general economic conditions. Generally, real estate activity declines as a result of higher interest rates or an economic downturn, thus leading to a corresponding decline in title insurance premiums written and profitability of the Company. The cyclical nature of the land title insurance industry has historically caused fluctuations in revenues and profitability, and it is expected to continue to do so in the future. The Company’s title business also experiences seasonality in addition to cyclicality. Revenues for this segment result from refinance activity, purchases of new and existing residential and commercial real estate, and certain other types of mortgage lending such as home equity lines of credit.
 
Volume is a key factor in the Company's profitability due to the existence of fixed costs such as personnel and occupancy expenses associated with the support of the issuance of title insurance policies and of general corporate operations. These expenses will be incurred by the Company regardless of the level of premiums written. The resulting operating leverage has historically tended to amplify the impact of changes in volume on the Company’s profitability.
 
Premiums are determined by competition and state regulation. In addition, revenue from the Company’s title insurance segment is affected by its marketing efforts. While timing and content are uncertain, the Department of Housing and Urban Development continues to indicate that it would like to revise Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act regulations, which would result in changes to the existing industry regulatory framework that could have a material impact on the Company’s marketing and operations. In addition, premium rate hearings will be conducted by the New York State Insurance Department in 2007 where rates will be considered industry wide. 
 
Exchange Services: The Company's second business segment provides customer services in connection with tax-deferred real property exchanges through its subsidiaries, Investors Title Exchange Corporation ("ITEC") and Investors Title Accommodation Corporation ("ITAC"). ITEC serves as a qualified intermediary in §1031 like-kind exchanges of real or personal property. In its role as qualified intermediary, ITEC coordinates the exchange aspects of the real estate transaction with the closing agents. ITEC's duties include drafting standard exchange documents, holding the exchange funds between the sale of the old property and the purchase of the new property, and accepting the formal identification of the replacement property within the required identification period. ITAC serves as exchange accommodation titleholder in reverse exchanges. As exchange accommodation titleholder, ITAC offers a vehicle for accommodating a reverse exchange when the taxpayer must acquire replacement property before selling the relinquished property.
 
Factors that influence the title insurance industry will also generally affect the exchange services industry. In addition, the services provided by the Company’s exchange services segment are pursuant to provisions in the Internal Revenue Code. From time to time, these provisions are subject to review and proposed changes.
 
On February 3, 2006, the IRS proposed new regulations which, if adopted, may negatively affect the ability of qualified intermediaries to retain a portion of the interest earned on exchange funds held during exchange transactions. If passed as proposed, these regulations would materially adversely impact the exchange services segment and the Company’s net income, since a significant portion of the exchange segment’s revenues are based on retaining a portion of the interest income earned on deposits held by the Company. A public hearing on the proposed regulations was held on June 6, 2006, but no official response has been issued by the IRS on whether or not they plan to finalize the regulations as proposed.
 
1

 
Other Services: Other services include those offered by Investors Trust Company (“Investors Trust”), Investors Capital Management Company ("ICMC") and Investors Title Management Services, Inc. (“ITMS”), wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company. In conjunction with Investors Trust, ICMC provides investment management and trust services to individuals, companies, banks and trusts. ITMS offers a variety of consulting services to provide partners with the technical expertise to start and successfully operate a title insurance agency.
 
Operating Results: As noted previously, since the title insurance business is closely related to the overall level of real estate activity and the cost and availability of mortgage funds, and title insurance volumes generally fluctuate based on the effect changes in interest rates have on the level of real estate activity, any substantial increases in interest rates will likely have a negative impact on mortgage originations. During all quarters of 2006, net premiums declined primarily as a result of a softening real estate market and an overall higher interest rate environment, causing lower levels of real estate activity in the Company’s operating territories. According to data published by Freddie Mac, the annual average thirty-year fixed mortgage interest rates in the United States were reported to be 6.41%, 5.87% and 5.84% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
 
During 2006, the quarterly average thirty-year fixed mortgage interest rates were 6.24%, 6.60%, 6.56% and 6.25% for the first, second, third and fourth quarters, respectively. Total refinancing volume in the United States for 2006 was approximately $1.11 trillion, which was $0.4 trillion less than the preceding year according to the Mortgage Bankers Association of America.
 
In recent years, the Company and the title insurance industry have experienced significant increases in premiums written related to the strength of the United States real estate economy and increases in mortgage refinancing. In 2006 and 2005, refinance activity was lower than prior years due to moderate increases in the interest rate environment that began in 2005. Existing home sales, which represent the majority of all real estate transactions, reached a new record high in 2005 for the fifth year in a row. After this five-year housing boom, the market has slowed during 2006. Historically, activity in real estate markets has varied over the course of market cycles in response to evolving economic factors. Operating results for the years ended 2004, 2005 and 2006, therefore, should not be viewed as indicative of the Company's future operating results. The Company continues to monitor and strives to manage operating expenses with knowledge of the potential for further declines in title insurance revenues if interest rates continue to rise or the economy slows.

Credit Rating
 
ITIC has been recognized by two independent Fannie Mae-approved actuarial firms, Demotech, Inc. and LACE Financial Corporation, with rating categories of "A Double Prime" and "A." NE-ITIC's financial stability also has been recognized by Demotech, Inc. and LACE Financial Corporation (“LACE”) with rating categories of "A Double Prime" and "A+." According to Demotech, title insurance underwriters earning a financial stability rating of A Double Prime possess unsurpassed financial stability related to maintaining positive surplus as regards policyholders, regardless of the severity of a general economic downturn or deterioration in the title insurance cycle. A LACE rating of "A+" or "A" indicates that a title insurance company has a strong overall financial condition that will allow it to meet its future claims, and that, generally, the company has good operating earnings, is well-capitalized and has adequate reserves. Since ITIC's and NE-ITIC's ratings are either at the highest rank or next-to-highest rank, any increase in such ratings would have a negligible impact on the business or finances of the Company. A significant decline in these ratings may, among other things, lead to a decrease in the Company's stock price, the loss of certain licenses ITIC and NE-ITIC need to operate as title insurance companies in various states and the Company's ability to maintain strong relationships with its customers and agents.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies
 
This discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations is based upon the Company’s accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The Company's management makes various estimates and judgments when applying policies affecting the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant accounting policies of the Company are discussed in Note 1 to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. Following are those accounting estimates and policies considered critical to the Company.
 
Reserves for Claim Losses
 
The total reserve for all reported and unreported losses the Company incurred on its income statement through December 31, 2006 is represented by the reserve for claims of $36,906,000 on the consolidated balance sheet. Of that total, $5,684,431 was reserved for specific claims, and $31,221,569 was reserved for claims for which the Company had no notice. The Company's reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses are established using estimated amounts required to settle claims for which notice has been received (reported) and the amount estimated to be required to satisfy incurred claims of policyholders which may be reported in the future (incurred but not reported).
 
In accordance with the requirements of paragraph 17 of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 60, a provision for estimated future claims payments is recorded at the time policy revenue is recorded. The Company records the claims provision as a percentage of premium income. By their nature, title claims can often be complex, vary greatly in dollar amounts, and are affected by economic and market conditions; and may involve uncertainties as to ultimate exposure, and therefore, reserve estimates are subject to variability. The payment experience of the title insurance industry may extend for more than 20 years after the issuance of a policy. In addition, some claims may require a number of years to settle and determine the final liability for indemnity and loss adjustment expense. The nature of title insurance makes its claims experience particularly sensitive to economic conditions or events such as changes in interest rates or declines in home sales. Events such as fraud, defalcation and multiple property defects can substantially and unexpectedly cause increases in estimates of losses. Due to the length of time over which claim payments are made, and regularly occurring changes in underlying economic and market conditions, these estimates are subject to variability.
 
2

 
The Company utilizes an independent actuary to analyze its claims reserves. The methods used by the actuary to establish reserves are loss development methods, expected loss methods and Cape Cod methods, all of which are accepted actuarial methods for estimating ultimate losses and, therefore, loss reserves. In the loss development method, each policy year’s paid or incurred losses are projected to an “ultimate” level using loss development factors. The selected loss development factors are based on a combination of the Company’s historical loss experience and title industry loss experience. In the Cape Cod method, expected losses for one policy year are estimated based on the loss results for the other policy years, trended to the level of the policy year being estimated. Expected loss methods produce more stable ultimate loss estimates than do loss development methods, which are more responsive to the current loss data.
 
The Cape Cod method, a special case of the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method, blends the results of the loss development and expected loss methods. For the more recent policy years, more weight is given to the results of the expected loss methods. For the older policy years, more weight is given to the loss development method results.
 
Management considers factors such as the Company’s historical claims experience, case reserve estimates on reported claims, large claims and other relevant factors in determining loss provision rates and the aggregate recorded expected liability for claims. In establishing reserves, management compares the independent actuary’s projections with the reserves recorded by the Company to evaluate the adequacy of such recorded claims reserves and any necessary adjustments are then recorded in current operations. The Company’s recorded claims reserves are consistent with the independent actuary’s reserve estimates.
 
If one or more of the variables or assumptions used changed such that the Company’s recorded loss ratio, or loss provision as a percentage of net title premiums, increased or decreased two loss ratio percentage points, the impact on after-tax income for the year ended December 31, 2006, would be as follows. Company management believes that using a sensitivity of two loss percentage points for the loss ratio provides a reasonable benchmark for analysis of the calendar year loss provision of the Company based on historical loss ratios by year.

Increase in Loss Ratio of two percentage points
 
$
(927,000
)
Decrease in Loss Ratio of two percentage points
 
$
927,000
 
 
Despite the variability of such estimates, management believes based on historical claims experience and independent actuarial analysis that the reserves are adequate to cover claim losses resulting from pending and future claims for policies issued through December 31, 2006. The Company continually reviews and adjusts its reserve estimates to reflect its loss experience and any new information that becomes available.
 
Premiums Written and Commissions to Agents
 
Generally, title insurance premiums are recorded and recognized as revenue at the time of closing of the related transaction as the earnings process is then considered complete. Policies or commitments are issued upon receipt of final certificates or preliminary reports with respect to titles. Title insurance commissions earned by the Company's agents are recognized as expense concurrently with premium recognition.
 
Valuation of Investments in Securities
 
Securities for which the Company has the intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and are reported at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts and other-than-temporary declines in fair value. Securities held principally for resale in the near term are classified as trading securities and recorded at fair values. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading securities are included in other income. Securities not classified as either trading or held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value, adjusted for other-than-temporary declines in fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported as accumulated other comprehensive income. Securities are regularly reviewed for differences between the cost and estimated fair value of each security for factors that may indicate that a decline in fair value is other-than-temporary. Some factors considered in evaluating whether or not a decline in fair value is other-than-temporary include the duration and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost and the Company’s ability and intent to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for a recovery in value. Such reviews are inherently uncertain and the value of the investment may not fully recover or may decline in future periods resulting in a realized loss. Fair values of all investments are based on quoted market prices. Realized gains and losses are determined on the specific identification method.
 
3

 
Deferred Tax Asset
 
The Company recorded net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2006 and 2005 related primarily to reserves for claims, allowance for doubtful accounts and employee benefits, related to employment agreements and accruals related to uncompensated balances. Based upon the Company's historical results of operations, the existing financial condition of the Company and management's assessment of all other available information, management believes that it is more likely than not that the benefit of these assets will be realized.
 
Results of Operations
 
Operating Revenues
 
Operating revenues include net premiums written plus fee income as well as gains and losses on the disposal of fixed assets. Investment income and realized gains/losses are not included in operating revenues for the purpose of this summary schedule. Following is a summary by segment of the Company's operating revenues. Intersegment eliminations have been netted with each segment; therefore, the individual segment amounts will not agree to Note 13 in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
   
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Title Insurance
 
$
71,733,763
   
89.9%
 
$
78,046,368
   
92.5%
 
$
72,750,874
   
94.5%
 
Exchange Services
   
5,980,027
   
7.5%
 
 
4,543,049
   
5.4%
 
 
2,801,888
   
3.6%
 
All Other
   
2,070,533
   
2.6%
 
 
1,819,679
   
2.1%
 
 
1,441,920
   
1.9%
 
   
$
79,784,323
   
100%
 
$
84,409,096
   
100%
 
$
76,994,682
   
100%
 

Title Insurance
 
Net Premiums: Net premiums written decreased 8.3% in 2006 from 2005 and increased 6.5% in 2005 over 2004. During 2006, revenues were primarily impacted by the decline in net premiums written due to lower levels of real estate sales and mortgage refinancing activity compared with the prior year, primarily as a result of higher mortgage interest rates. During 2005, revenues were primarily impacted by the increase in premiums written as compared with 2004 due to the ongoing strength in real estate activity.
 
Policies and Commitments: The volume of business decreased in 2006, as 248,341 policies and commitments were issued in 2006, which is a decrease of 9.3% compared with 273,857 policies and commitments issued in 2005. In 2005, although net premiums written increased, the number of policies declined slightly from 2004 due to the slowdown in refinancing activity, which typically has lower premiums per transaction compared with other rates. The number of policies and commitments issued decreased by 3.5% compared with 283,696 policies and commitments issued in 2004.
 
Following is a schedule of net premiums written in all states where ITIC and NE-ITIC currently underwrite title insurance:
 
State
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Illinois
 
$
1,115,890
 
$
1,000,273
 
$
948,022
 
Kentucky
   
2,292,194
   
2,115,579
   
1,710,387
 
Maryland
   
1,532,915
   
1,754,867
   
1,494,686
 
Michigan
   
3,488,984
   
4,591,639
   
4,896,239
 
Minnesota
   
1,055,214
   
1,076,155
   
1,063,819
 
New York
   
2,436,563
   
3,248,635
   
3,495,587
 
North Carolina
   
35,200,769
   
36,269,649
   
32,515,123
 
Pennsylvania
   
1,472,615
   
1,687,410
   
2,634,407
 
South Carolina
   
7,177,871
   
7,011,099
   
6,464,495
 
Tennessee
   
2,466,956
   
2,767,576
   
2,954,957
 
Virginia
   
6,734,698
   
7,740,671
   
7,038,474
 
West Virginia
   
2,132,330
   
2,246,142
   
1,864,216
 
Other States
   
3,508,892
   
5,307,728
   
5,051,709
 
Direct Premiums
   
70,615,891
   
76,817,423
   
72,132,121
 
Reinsurance Assumed
   
22,158
   
20,976
   
5,963
 
Reinsurance Ceded
   
(441,582
)
 
(316,133
)
 
(294,639
)
Net Premiums Written
 
$
70,196,467
 
$
76,522,266
 
$
71,843,445
 
 
 Branch Office Net Premiums: Branch office net premiums written as a percentage of total net premiums written were 46.1%, 44.6% and 44.0% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Net premiums written from branch operations decreased 5.1% in 2006 compared with 2005 and increased 7.9% in 2005 compared with 2004. Of the Company's 29 branch locations that underwrite title insurance policies, 27 are located in North Carolina and, as a result, branch net premiums written primarily represent North Carolina business.
 
4

 
Agency Net Premiums: Agency net premiums written as a percentage of total net premiums written were 53.9%, 55.4% and 56.0% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Net premiums written from agency operations decreased 10.8% in 2006 compared with 2005 and increased 5.4% in 2005 compared with 2004. The majority of the decrease in agency net premiums written in 2006 can be attributed to the general slowdown in real estate activity and the rise in mortgage interest rates. Agent business is also affected by the number of agents issuing policies and by the amount of business agents generate. The majority of the increase in agency net premiums written in 2005 could be attributed to the general ongoing strength in real estate activity in 2005.

Exchange Services
 
Operating revenues from the Company's two subsidiaries that provide tax-deferred exchange services (ITEC and ITAC) increased 31.6% from 2005 to 2006 and 62.1% from 2004 to 2005. The increase in 2006 compared with 2005 was primarily due to higher levels of interest income earned on exchange fund deposits held by the Company, resulting from higher current interest rates. The Company has also focused on increased marketing and education efforts. The increase in 2005 was primarily due to increased interest income earned on deposits held by the Company and an increased demand for qualified intermediary services. Also, see Overview section for discussion of proposed IRS rules.

Cyclicality and Seasonality
 
Title Insurance
 
Title insurance premiums are closely related to the level of real estate activity and the average price of real estate sales. The availability of funds to finance purchases directly affects real estate sales. Home sales and mortgage lending are highly cyclical businesses. Other factors include mortgage interest rates, consumer confidence, economic conditions, supply and demand, and family income levels. Historically, residential real estate activity has been generally slower in the winter because fewer real estate transactions occur, while the spring and summer are more active. Refinance activity is generally less seasonal, but it is subject to interest rate volatility. Fluctuations in mortgage interest rates, as well as other economic factors, can cause shifts in real estate activity outside of the normal seasonal pattern.
 
Exchange Services
 
Seasonal factors affecting the level of real estate activity and the volume of title premiums written will also affect the demand for exchange services. Slowing real estate sales led to a decline in average balances of deposits held at year-end.
 
Other Revenues
 
 Other revenues primarily include investment management fee income and agency service fees, as well as search fee and other ancillary fees and income related to the Company’s other equity method investments. Other revenues increased in 2006 compared with the prior year primarily due to increases in investment management fee income generated by the Company’s trust division, partially offset by a decrease in the closing fee income.

Nonoperating Revenues
 
Investment Income
 
The Company derives a substantial portion of its income from investments in bonds (municipal and corporate) and equity securities. The Company's title insurance subsidiaries are required by statute to maintain minimum levels of investments in order to protect the interests of policyholders. Bonds totaling approximately $5,724,000 and $3,847,000 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, are deposited with the insurance departments of the states in which business is conducted. In formulating its investment strategy, the Company has emphasized after-tax income. Investments in marketable securities have increased from Company profits. The investments are primarily in fixed maturity securities and, to a lesser extent, equity securities. The effective maturity of the majority of the fixed income investments is within 15 years.
 
As new funds become available, they are invested in accordance with the Company's investment policy and corporate goals. Securities purchased may include a combination of taxable fixed-income securities, tax-exempt securities and equities. The Company strives to maintain a high quality investment portfolio.
 
Investment income was $4,326,335 in 2006, compared with $3,335,767 in 2005 and $2,752,838 in 2004. Investment income increased 29.7% from 2005 to 2006 and 21.2 % from 2004 to 2005. The increases in 2006 and 2005 were primarily attributable to increases in the average investment portfolio balance and higher rates of interest earned on short-term investments.

Net Realized Gain on Sales of Investments
 
 Net realized gain on the sales of investment securities totaled $551,058 in 2006, $119,015 in 2005 and $93,656 for 2004. The increase in net realized investment gain in 2006 was primarily the result of capital gains realized on the sale of equity securities sold during the first quarter of 2006 primarily due to a repositioning of the Company’s investment portfolio.
 
Expenses
 
The Company’s operating expenses consist primarily of commissions to agents, salaries, employee benefits and payroll taxes, provisions for claims and office occupancy and operations. Operating expenses decreased 2.8% compared with 2005 primarily due to a decline in commissions paid to agents and a lower claims provision. Partially offsetting these decreases were increases in compensation expenses, office occupancy expenses, and professional and contract labor fees. Following is a summary by segment of the Company's operating expenses. Intersegment eliminations have been netted with each segment; therefore, the individual segment amounts will not agree to Note 13 in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
5

 
   
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Title Insurance
 
$
62,962,703
   
93.5%
 
$
66,014,889
   
95.3%
 
$
61,440,491
   
95.5%
 
Exchange Services
   
1,346,743
   
2.0%
 
 
907,414
   
1.3%
 
 
640,183
   
1.0%
 
All Other
   
3,022,836
   
4.5%
 
 
2,358,652
   
3.4%
 
 
2,258,336
   
3.5%
 
   
$
67,332,282
   
100%
 
$
69,280,955
   
100%
 
$
64,339,010
   
100%
 
 
On a combined basis, profit margins were 15.6%, 15.1% and 13.4% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Total revenues decreased 3.6% in 2006, while operating expenses decreased only 2.8%. The provision for income taxes decreased 21.7% contributing to a more favorable combined profit margin for 2006. Total revenues increased 10.0% in 2005, while operating expenses increased 7.7%, contributing to a favorable combined profit margin for 2005.
 
Title Insurance
 
Profit Margins: The Company’s title insurance profit margins vary according to a number of factors, including the volume and type of real estate activity. Profit margins for the title insurance segment were 12.7%, 13.1% and 13.0% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The decline in the profit margin for 2006 was affected by the decrease in premiums written. In order to maintain and improve margins, the Company strives to manage discretionary costs carefully and be vigilant for opportunities to improve processes and efficiencies.
 
Commissions: Commissions to agents decreased 11.9% from 2005 to 2006 primarily due to decreased premiums from agency operations in 2006 and increased 4.0% from 2004 to 2005 primarily due to increased premiums from agency operations in 2005. Commission expense as a percentage of net premiums written by agents was 70.6%, 71.5% and 72.5% for 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Commission rates vary geographically and may be influenced by state regulations.
 
Provisions for Claims: The provision for claims as a percentage of net premiums written was 10.5% in 2006, 10.7% in 2005 and 11.1% in 2004. Loss provision rates are subject to variability, and are reviewed and adjusted as experience develops. Declining economic conditions and/or declines in transaction volumes have historically been factors in increased claim expenses due to increased mechanics liens, defalcations and other matters, which may be discovered during property foreclosures. Title claims are typically reported and paid within the first several years of policy issuance. The provision reflects actual payments of claims, net of recovery amounts, plus adjustments to the specific and incurred but not reported claims reserves, the latter of which are actuarially determined. Payments of claims, net of recoveries, were $5,356,211, $5,149,783 and $6,173,339 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The decrease in 2005 compared with 2004 was primarily attributable to timing issues. Claim payments are likely to trend higher in 2007 and beyond, given the high levels of premiums written in recent years.
 
Reserves for Claims: At December 31, 2006, the total reserves for claims were $36,906,000. Of that total, $5,684,431 was reserved for specific claims, and $31,221,569 was reserved for claims for which the Company had no notice.  Because of the uncertainty of future claims, changes in economic conditions, and the fact that many claims do not materialize for several years, reserve estimates are subject to variability. Management analyzes historical claims experience, case reserve estimates on reported claims, large claims and other relevant factors in establishing loss provision rates. Claims reserves are reviewed as to their reasonableness by an independent actuary. The Company’s claims reserves are consistent with the independent actuary’s reserve estimates. Actuarial projections are compared with recorded reserves and any necessary adjustments are included in current operations. There are no known claims that are expected to have a materially adverse effect on the Company's financial position or operating results.
 
Salaries and Employee Benefits: On a consolidated basis, salaries and employee benefits as a percentage of net premiums written were 28.5%, 25.0% and 22.7% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase in these costs in 2006 and 2005 was attributable to several factors, including salary increases, certain employee benefits associated with key executive employment agreements entered into in late 2003, additional personnel costs related to staff hired by the recently formed Investors Trust Company, and other staff additions. The title insurance segment's total salaries and employee benefits accounted for 85.3%, 89.1% and 89.0% of total salaries for 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively.
 
In November 2003, ITIC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into employment agreements with the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and the Chief Operating Officer of ITIC. These individuals also serve as the Chief Executive Officer, President and Executive Vice President, respectively, of the Company. The agreements provide postemployment compensation and life, health, dental and vision benefits upon the occurrence of specific events, including death, disability, retirement, termination without cause or upon a change in control. The agreements also prohibit each of these executives from competing with ITIC and its parent, subsidiaries and affiliates in the state of North Carolina while employed by ITIC and for a period of two years following termination of their employment. In addition, during the second quarter of 2004, ITIC entered into nonqualified deferred compensation plan agreements with these executives. The amount accrued for these agreements at December 31, 2006 and 2005 was calculated based on the terms of the contract.
 
6

 
Office Occupancy and Operations: Overall office occupancy and operations as a percentage of net premiums was 8.1%, 6.6% and 6.8% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase in office occupancy and operations expense in 2006 compared with 2005 was primarily due to telecommunications and depreciation expense and investments in infrastructure and technology. The increase in office occupancy and operations expense in 2005 and 2004 compared with 2003 was primarily due to an increase in telecommunications and rent. The title insurance segment's total office occupancy and operations accounted for 90.8%, 90.9% and 90.7% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, of total office occupancy and operations.
 
Premium and Retaliatory Taxes: Title insurance companies are generally not subject to state income or franchise taxes. However, in most states they are subject to premium and retaliatory taxes. Premium and retaliatory taxes as a percentage of premiums written were 1.9%, 2.0% and 2.0% for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
 
Professional Fees: Professional fees for 2006 compared with 2005 increased primarily due to investments in infrastructure and technology, contract labor fee increases and costs associated with the implementation of provisions of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which included increased costs associated with the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. Professional fees for 2005 and 2004 compared with 2003 increased primarily due to the costs associated with anticipated compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which included increased costs associated with outside consultants, along with an increase in various professional and legal fees.
 
Exchange Services
 
The exchange services segment's total operating expenses as a percentage of the Company's total expenses were 2.0%, 1.3% and 1.0% for 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The principal operating expenses of this segment are salaries, employee benefits and payroll taxes.
 
Income Taxes
 
The provision for income taxes was 23.9%, 28.5% and 30.9% of income before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The decreases in the effective rate for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 were primarily due to a higher mix of tax-exempt investment income relative to taxable income. Information regarding the components of the income tax expense can be found in Note 8 to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. 
 
Net Income (Loss)
 
A summary by segment of the Company's net income (loss) follows:
 
   
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Title Insurance
 
$
9,619,084
   
73.0%
 
$
10,641,180
   
80.1%
 
$
9,803,893
   
91.5%
 
Exchange Services
   
3,840,423
   
29.1%
 
 
2,878,098
   
21.7%
 
 
1,471,527
   
13.7%
 
All Other
   
(274,073
)
 
(2.1%)
 
 
(226,355
)
 
(1.8%)
 
 
(556,254
)
 
(5.2%)
 
   
$
13,185,434
   
100%
 
$
13,292,923
   
100%
 
$
10,719,166
   
100%
 

On a consolidated basis, the Company reported a decrease in net income of 0.8% from 2005 to 2006 and an increase in net income of 24.0% from 2004 to 2005. Lower net income in 2006 is primarily a reflection of downward trends in home sales and mortgage lending resulting primarily from a higher interest rate environment. The decline in premiums written was partially offset by increases in investment income and revenue in the 1031 exchange services segment. Operating expenses decreased compared with the 2005 period primarily due to a decline in commissions paid to agents and a lower claims provision amount. Partially offsetting these decreases were higher compensation expenses, increases in office occupancy and operations expenses and various professional and contract labor fees. The increase in net income in 2005 was primarily due to higher premiums written and increased net income in the exchange segment. The decrease in 2004 was primarily due to lower premiums written, partially offset by the increase in the exchange services segment income.
 
Title Insurance
 
Net income for the title insurance segment decreased 9.6% from 2005 to 2006 and was primarily attributed to decreased premiums written and increases in salaries and employee benefits, office occupancy and operations, and professional and contract labor fees. Net income for the title insurance segment increased 8.5% from 2004 to 2005 and was primarily attributed to increased premiums written.
 
Exchange Services
 
Net income for the exchange services segment increased 33.4% from 2005 to 2006 and 95.6% from 2004 to 2005. Net income increased in 2006 primarily due to increased interest income earned on deposits held by the Company, resulting from higher current interest rates. The increase in 2005 compared with 2004 was primarily attributable to increased interest income earned on deposits held by the Company due to increases in the average investment portfolio balance, and partially to higher rates of interest earned on short-term investments, in addition to an increased demand for qualified intermediary services.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Liquidity: Due to the Company’s consistent ability to generate positive cash flows from its operations and investment income, management believes that funds generated from operations will enable the Company to adequately meet its operating needs and is unaware of any trend that is likely to result in material adverse liquidity changes. The Company’s cash requirements include general operating expenses, taxes, capital expenditures and dividends on its common stock. In addition to operational liquidity, the Company maintains a high degree of liquidity within its investment portfolio in the form of short-term investments and other readily marketable securities.
 
7

 
The majority of the Company’s investment portfolio is considered as available for sale. The Company reviews the status of each of its securities quarterly to determine whether an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred. The Company’s criteria include the degree to which the fair value of a security is less than 80% of its amortized cost and the investment grade of the security, as well as how long the security has been in an unrealized loss position. All of the Company’s securities that have had an unrealized loss in excess of one year are investment-grade, long-term bonds and equities that the Company has the ability and intent to hold until a recovery of fair value, which may be until maturity.
 
Cash Flows: Net cash flows provided by operating activities were $17,856,793, $17,383,090 and $14,658,038 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Cash flows from operations has been the primary source of financing for expanding operations, additions to property and equipment, dividends to shareholders, and other requirements. The net increase in cash flow from operations in 2006 was primarily the result of a decrease in receivables and other assets, partially offset by a decrease in current income taxes payable and a decrease in the provision for claims. The net increase in cash flow from operations in 2005 was primarily the result of the increase in net income and lower payments of claims, partially offset by an increase in receivables and other assets and an increase in the deferred tax benefit.
 
The principal non-operating uses of cash and cash equivalents for the three-year period ended December 31, 2006 were primarily for additions to the investment portfolio and, to a lesser extent, capital expenditures and repurchases of common stock. The most significant non-operating sources of cash and cash equivalents were the proceeds from the sales and maturities of certain investments. The net effect of all activities on total cash and cash equivalents was a decrease of $11,150,049 for 2006, an increase of $9,882,038 for 2005 and a decrease of $398,913 for 2004. As of December 31, 2006, the Company held cash and cash equivalents of $3,458,432, short-term investments of $4,460,911 and fixed maturities securities of $103,149,909.
 
As noted previously, the Company’s operating results and cash flows are heavily dependent on the real estate market, particularly in the title insurance segment. A significant downturn in the real estate market could adversely impact the Company’s cash flows. The Company’s business has fixed costs such as personnel, and changes in the real estate market are monitored closely and operating expenses such as staffing levels are managed and adjusted accordingly. The Company believes that its significant working capital position and management of operating expenses, along with its product diversification efforts will aid its ability to manage cash resources through declines in the real estate market.
 
Payment of Dividends: The Company believes that all anticipated cash requirements for current operations will be met from internally generated funds, through cash dividends and distributions from subsidiaries and cash generated by investment securities. The Company’s significant sources of funds are dividends and distributions from its subsidiaries. The holding company receives cash from its subsidiaries in the form of dividends and as reimbursements for operating and other administrative expenses. The reimbursements are executed within the guidelines of management agreements between the holding company and its subsidiaries. The Company's ability to pay dividends and operating expenses is dependent on funds received from the insurance subsidiaries, which are subject to regulation in the states in which they do business. As of December 31, 2006, approximately $66,180,000 of the consolidated stockholders' equity represented net assets of the Company's subsidiaries that cannot be transferred in the form of dividends, loans or advances to the parent company under statutory regulations without prior insurance department approval. These regulations, among other things, require prior regulatory approval of the payment of dividends and other intercompany transfers. The Company believes, however, that amounts available for transfer from the insurance and other subsidiaries are adequate to meet the Company's operating needs.
 
In the Company’s Quarterly Report filed on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2006, the Company reported that subsequent to September 30, 2006 it retired 291,676 shares of its common stock that it received as a dividend from one of its subsidiaries. Such dividend was in fact never approved by the board of directors of the subsidiary and as a result was never declared. This had no impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
 
Purchase of Company Stock: In 2000 and 2005, the Board of Directors of ITIC and ITC, respectively approved ITIC or ITC's purchase of 500,000 shares of the Company's common stock. Subsequently, the Board of Directors approved the purchase of an additional 125,000 shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the plan. Pursuant to this approval, ITIC purchased 51,949 shares in the twelve months ended December 31, 2006, 96,150 shares in the twelve months ended December 31, 2005 and 37,635 shares in the twelve months ended December 31, 2004 at an average per share price of $43.85, $33.32 and $31.42, respectively.
 
Capital Expenditures: During 2007, the Company has plans for various capital improvement projects, including hardware purchases and several software development projects. The Company anticipates capital expenditures of approximately $1,200,000 in connection with these purchases of electronic data processing equipment and software projects. All anticipated capital expenditures are subject to periodic review and revision and may vary depending on a number of factors.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
The Company's primary exposure to market risk relates to the impact of adverse changes in interest rates and market prices of its investment portfolio. Increases in interest rates diminish the value of fixed income securities and preferred stock, and decreases in stock market values diminish the value of common stocks held.
 
8

 
Corporate Oversight
 
The Company generates substantial investable funds from its two insurance subsidiaries. In formulating and implementing policies for investing new and existing funds, the Company has emphasized maximizing total after-tax return on capital and earnings while ensuring the safety of funds under management and adequate liquidity. The Company's Board of Directors oversees investment risk management processes. The Company seeks to invest premiums and other income to create future cash flows that will fund future claims, employee benefits and expenses, and earn stable margins across a wide variety of interest rate and economic scenarios. The Board of Directors has established specific investment policies that define the overall framework for managing market and other investment risks, including the accountabilities and controls over these activities. The Company may rebalance its existing asset portfolios or change the character of future investments from time to time to manage its exposure to market risk within defined tolerance ranges.

Interest Rate Risk
 
Interest rate risk is the risk that the Company will incur economic losses due to adverse changes in interest rates. This risk arises from the Company's investments in interest-sensitive debt securities. These securities are primarily fixed rate municipal bonds and corporate bonds. The Company does not purchase such securities for trading purposes. At December 31, 2006, the Company had approximately $77 million in fixed rate bonds. The Company manages the interest rate risk inherent in its assets by monitoring its liquidity needs and by targeting a specific range for the portfolio's duration or weighted average maturity.
 
To determine the potential effect of interest rate risk on interest-sensitive assets, the Company calculates the effect of a 10% change in prevailing interest rates ("rate shock") on the fair market value of these securities considering stated interest rates and time to maturity. Based upon the information and assumptions the Company uses in its calculation, management estimates that a 10% immediate, parallel increase in prevailing interest rates would decrease the net fair market value of its fixed rate debt securities by approximately $1.8 million. The selection of a 10% immediate parallel increase in prevailing interest rates should not be construed as a prediction by the Company's management of future market events, but rather, to illustrate the potential impact of such an event. To the extent that actual results differ from the assumptions utilized, the Company's rate shock measures could be significantly impacted. Additionally, the Company's calculation assumes that the current relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates (the term structure of interest rates) will remain constant over time. As a result, these calculations may not fully capture the impact of nonparallel changes in the term structure of interest rates and/or large changes in interest rates.

Equity Price Risk
 
Equity price risk is the risk that the Company will incur economic losses due to adverse changes in a particular stock or stock index. At December 31, 2006, the Company had approximately $11.9 million in common stocks. Equity price risk is addressed in part by varying the specific allocation of equity investments over time pursuant to management's assessment of market and business conditions and ongoing liquidity needs analysis. The Company's largest equity exposure is declines in the S&P 500; its portfolio of equity instruments is similar to those that comprise this index. Based upon the information and assumptions the Company used in its calculation, management estimates that an immediate decrease in the S&P 500 of 10% would decrease the net fair value of the Company's assets identified above by approximately $1,190,000. The selection of a 10% immediate decrease in the S&P 500 should not be construed as a prediction by the Company's management of future market events, but rather, to illustrate the potential impact of such an event. Since this calculation is based on historical performance, projecting future price volatility using this method involves an inherent assumption that historical volatility and correlation relationships will remain stable. Therefore, the results noted above may not reflect the Company's actual experience if future volatility and correlation relationships differ from such historical relationships.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
 
As a service to its customers, the Company, through ITIC, administers escrow and trust deposits representing earnest money received under real estate contracts, undisbursed amounts received for settlement of mortgage loans and indemnities against specific title risks. Cash held by the Company for these purposes was approximately $15,828,000 and $12,753,000 as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. These amounts are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are excluded from the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. However, the Company remains contingently liable for the disposition of these deposits.
 
In addition, in administering tax-deferred property exchanges, ITEC serves as a qualified intermediary for exchanges, holding the net sales proceeds from relinquished property to be used for purchase of replacement property. ITAC serves as exchange accommodation titleholder and, through LLCs that are wholly owned subsidiaries of ITAC, holds property for exchangers in reverse exchange transactions. Like-kind exchange deposits and reverse exchange property held by the Company for the purpose of completing such transactions totaled $186,579,000 and $205,613,000 as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. These amounts are not considered assets of the Company for accounting purposes and, therefore, are excluded from the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Exchange services revenues include earnings on these deposits; therefore, investment income is shown as exchange services revenue, rather than investment income. The Company remains contingently liable to customers for the transfers of property, disbursements of proceeds, and the return on the proceeds of the agreed upon rate.
 
9

 
External assets managed by the Investors Trust Company totaled $284,362,000 and $235,885,000 for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Theses amounts are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are excluded from the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
 
It is not the general practice of the Company to enter into off-balance sheet arrangements; nor is it the policy of the Company to issue guarantees to third parties. Off-balance sheet arrangements are generally limited to the future payments under noncancelable operating leases, payments due under various agreements with third party service providers, and unaccrued obligations pursuant to certain executive employment agreements.
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s future estimated cash payments under existing contractual obligations at December 31, 2006, including payments due by period:

   
Payments due by period
 
Contractual Obligations
 
Total
 
Less than 1 year
 
1 - 3 years
 
3 - 5 years
 
More than 5 years
 
Operating lease obligations
 
$
1,637,758
 
$
750,615
 
$
728,750
 
$
158,393
 
$
-
 
Reserves for claims
   
36,906,000
   
7,156,000
   
11,980,000
   
7,036,000
   
10,734,000
 
Other obligations
   
732,212
   
421,352
   
310,860
   
-
   
-
 
Obligations under executive employment
                               
plans and agreements
   
3,947,834
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
3,947,834
 
Total
 
$
43,223,804
 
$
8,327,967
 
$
13,019,610
 
$
7,194,393
 
$
14,681,834
 
 
As of December 31, 2006, the Company had a claims reserve of $36,906,000. The amounts and timing of these obligations are estimated and are not set contractually. Nonetheless, based on historical insurance claim experience, the Company anticipates the above payment patterns.

Recent Accounting Standards
 
In July 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. This Interpretation requires that the Company recognize in its financial statements the impact of a tax position if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. The provisions of FIN 48 are effective as of the beginning of the Company’s 2007 fiscal year, with the cumulative effect, if any, of the change in accounting principle recorded as an adjustment to beginning retained earnings. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting FIN 48 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”). SFAS No. 157 establishes a common definition for fair value to be applied to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") guidance requiring use of fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosure about such fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 17, 2007. The Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS No. 157 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Selected Quarterly Financial Data

2006
 
 March 31
 
 June 30
 
 September 30
 
 December 31
 
Net premiums written
 
$
16,631,626
 
$
19,123,591
 
$
18,242,676
 
$
16,198,574
 
Net income
   
2,874,941
   
4,315,537
   
3,672,069
   
2,322,887
 
Basic earnings per common share
   
1.13
   
1.70
   
1.46
   
.93
 
Diluted earnings per common share
   
1.11
   
1.68
   
1.44
   
.91
 

2005
 
 March 31
 
June 30
 
September 30
 
December 31
 
Net premiums written
 
$
17,106,958
 
$
20,006,395
 
$
20,986,100
 
$
18,422,813
 
Net income
   
1,580,494
   
3,861,998
   
4,329,529
   
3,520,902
 
Basic earnings per common share
   
.62
   
1.51
   
1.69
   
1.38
 
Diluted earnings per common share
   
.60
   
1.48
   
1.67
   
1.36
 
 
 
10

 
Investors Title Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
As of December 31,
 
2006
 
2005
 
Assets
         
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 15)
 
$
3,458,432
 
$
14,608,481
 
Investments in securities (Notes 2 and 3):
             
Fixed maturities
             
Held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value: 2006: $1,237,613; 2005: $1,719,190)
   
1,195,617
   
1,648,708
 
Available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: 2006: $100,979,825; 2005: $74,418,394)
   
101,954,292
   
75,472,342
 
Equity securities, available-for-sale at fair value (cost: 2006: $8,653,003; 2005: $6,221,347)
   
12,495,923
   
9,437,678
 
Short-term investments
   
4,460,911
   
7,257,734
 
Other investments
   
1,473,303
   
1,336,111
 
Total investments
   
121,580,046
   
95,152,573
 
               
Premium and fees receivable (less allowance for doubtful accounts: 2006: $2,128,000; 2005: $2,444,000)
   
6,582,237
   
7,818,558
 
Accrued interest and dividends
   
1,336,790
   
1,010,198
 
Prepaid expenses and other assets
   
1,590,835
   
1,592,326
 
Property acquired in settlement of claims
   
303,538
   
359,980
 
Property, net (Note 4)
   
6,134,304
   
5,466,765
 
Deferred income taxes, net (Note 8)
   
2,530,196
   
2,462,647
 
Total Assets
 
$
143,516,378
 
$
128,471,528
 
               
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
             
Liabilities
             
Reserves for claims (Note 6)
 
$
36,906,000
 
$
34,857,000
 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 10)
   
10,537,992
   
7,928,384
 
Commissions and reinsurance payable (Note 5)
   
470,468
   
442,098
 
Current income taxes payable
   
326,255
   
946,790
 
Total liabilities
   
48,240,715
   
44,174,272
 
               
Commitments and Contingencies (Notes 5, 9, 10 and 11)
             
Stockholders’ Equity (Notes 2, 3, 7, 12 and 14)
             
Class A Junior Participating preferred stock (shares authorized 100,000; no shares issued)
   
-
   
-
 
Common stock-no par value (shares authorized 10,000,000; 2,507,325 and 2,549,434 shares issued and outstanding 2006 and 2005, respectively, excluding 291,676 and 297,783 shares 2006 and 2005, respectively of common stock held by the Company’s subsidiary)
   
1
   
1
 
Retained earnings
   
92,134,608
   
81,477,022
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (net unrealized gain on investments, Note 8;
net unrealized loss on postretirement benefits, Note 10)
   
3,141,054
   
2,820,233
 
Total stockholders’ equity
   
95,275,663
   
84,297,256
 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
 
$
143,516,378
 
$
128,471,528
 

See notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

11


Investors Title Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income

For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Revenues
             
Underwriting income
             
Premiums written (Note 5)
 
$
70,638,049
 
$
76,838,399
 
$
72,138,084
 
Less-premiums for reinsurance ceded (Note 5)
   
441,582
   
316,133
   
294,639
 
Net premiums written
   
70,196,467
   
76,522,266
   
71,843,445
 
Investment income-interest and dividends (Note 3)
   
4,326,335
   
3,335,767
   
2,752,838
 
Net realized gain on sales of investments (Note 3)
   
551,058
   
119,015
   
93,656
 
Exchange services revenue
   
5,980,027
   
4,543,049
   
2,801,888
 
Other
   
3,607,829
   
3,343,781
   
2,349,349
 
Total Revenues
   
84,661,716
   
87,863,878
   
79,841,176
 
                     
Operating Expenses
                   
Commissions to agents
   
26,714,784
   
30,309,405
   
29,152,645
 
Provision for claims (Note 6)
   
7,405,211
   
8,164,783
   
7,984,339
 
Salaries, employee benefits and payroll taxes (Notes 7 and 10)
   
19,981,166
   
19,136,098
   
16,303,351
 
Office occupancy and operations (Note 9)
   
5,672,275
   
5,080,829
   
4,849,944
 
Business development
   
2,302,739
   
2,073,518
   
1,899,315
 
Filing fees and taxes, other than payroll and income
   
576,733
   
523,464
   
453,354
 
Premium and retaliatory taxes
   
1,348,850
   
1,556,529
   
1,406,083
 
Professional and contract labor fees
   
2,633,948
   
1,937,233
   
2,074,520
 
Other
   
696,576
   
499,096
   
215,459
 
Total Operating Expenses
   
67,332,282
   
69,280,955
   
64,339,010
 
                     
Income before Income Taxes
   
17,329,434
   
18,582,923
   
15,502,166
 
Provision for Income Taxes (Note 8)
   
4,144,000
   
5,290,000
   
4,783,000
 
Net Income
 
$
13,185,434
 
$
13,292,923
 
$
10,719,166
 
Basic Earnings per Common Share (Note 7)
 
$
5.22
 
$
5.19
 
$
4.29
 
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Basic
   
2,527,927
   
2,560,418
   
2,496,711
 
Diluted Earnings per Common Share (Note 7)
 
$
5.14
 
$
5.10
 
$
4.09
 
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Diluted
   
2,564,216
   
2,607,633
   
2,620,916
 
 
See notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

12

 
Investors Title Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

For the Years Ended  
Common Stock
 
Retained
 
Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
 
Total
Stockholders’
 
December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Earnings
 
Income
 
Equity
 
Balance, January 1, 2004
   
2,503,923
 
$
1
 
$
59,756,927
 
$
3,431,818
 
$
63,188,746
 
Net income
               
10,719,166
         
10,719,166
 
Dividends ($.15 per share)
               
(374,425
)
       
(374,425
)
Shares of common stock repurchased
   
(37,635
)
       
(1,182,654
)
       
(1,182,654
)
Issuance of common stock in payment of bonuses and fees
   
876
         
28,217
         
28,217
 
Stock options exercised
   
13,860
         
324,861
         
324,861
 
Net unrealized loss on investment
                     
(196,640
)
 
(196,640
)
Balance, December 31, 2004
   
2,481,024
 
$
1
 
$
69,272,092
 
$
3,235,178
   
72,507,271
 
Net income
               
13,292,923
         
13,292,923
 
Dividends ($.16 per share)
               
(410,202
)
       
(410,202
)
Shares of common stock repurchased
   
(87,623
)
       
(2,839,697
)
       
(2,839,697
)
Shares of common stock repurchased and retired
   
(8,527
)
       
(363,765
)
       
(363,765
)
Issuance of common stock in payment of bonuses and fees
   
1,140
         
43,090
         
43,090
 
Stock options exercised
   
163,420
         
2,482,581
         
2,482,581
 
Net unrealized loss on investment
                     
(414,945
)
 
(414,945
)
Balance, December 31, 2005
   
2,549,434
 
$
1
 
$
81,477,022
 
$
2,820,233
 
$
84,297,256
 
Net income
               
13,185,434
         
13,185,434
 
Dividends ($.24 per share)
               
(606,423
)
       
(606,423
)
Shares of common stock repurchased
   
(500
)
       
(22,445
)
       
(22,445
)
Shares of common stock repurchased and retired
   
(51,449
)
       
(2,255,735
)
       
(2,255,735
)
Issuance of common stock in payment of bonuses and fees
   
500
         
21,826
         
21,826
 
Stock options exercised
   
9,340
         
219,342
         
219,342
 
Share-based compensation expense
               
91,209
         
91,209
 
Change in investment accounting method
               
24,378
         
24,378
 
Adjustment to initially apply FASB Statement No. 158, 
net of tax
                     
(40,810
)
 
(40,810
)
Net unrealized gain on investment
                     
361,631
   
361,631
 
Balance, December 31, 2006
   
2,507,325
 
$
1
 
$
92,134,608
 
$
3,141,054
 
$
95,275,663
 
 
See notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
13


Investors Title Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Net income
 
$
13,185,434
 
$
13,292,923
 
$
10,719,166
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
                   
Unrealized loss related to initial application of FASB Statement No. 158
   
(61,834
)
 
-
   
-
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments arising during the year
   
1,098,165
   
(509,330
)
 
(208,014
)
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income
   
(551,058
)
 
(119,015
)
 
(93,656
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
   
485,273
   
(628,345
)
 
(301,670
)
Income tax expense related to initial application of FASB Statement No. 158
   
(21,024
)
 
-
   
-
 
Income tax expense (benefit) related to unrealized gains (losses) on
                   
investments arising during the tax year
   
372,836
   
(172,935
)
 
(73,187
)
Income tax expense related to reclassification adjustment for gains
                   
realized in net income
   
(187,360
)
 
(40,465
)
 
(31,843
)
Net income tax expense (benefit) on other comprehensive income
   
164,452
   
(213,400
)
 
(105,030
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
   
320,821
   
(414,945
)
 
(196,640
)
Comprehensive income
 
$
13,506,255
 
$
12,877,978
 
$
10,522,526
 
 
See notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

14


Investors Title Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Operating Activities
             
Net income
 
$
13,185,434
 
$
13,292,923
 
$
10,719,166
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                   
Depreciation
   
1,146,509
   
1,010,366
   
968,914
 
Amortization, net
   
197,972
   
79,525
   
44,303
 
Issuance of common stock in payment of bonuses and fees
   
21,826
   
43,090
   
28,217
 
Share-based compensation expense related to stock options
   
91,209
   
-
   
-
 
Provision (benefit) for losses on premiums receivable
   
(316,000
)
 
204,000
   
(234,000
)
Net (gain) loss on disposals of property
   
22,650
   
(24,831
)
 
(4,395
)
Net realized gain on sales of investments
   
(551,058
)
 
(119,015
)
 
(93,656
)
Provision for claims
   
7,405,211
   
8,164,783
   
7,984,339
 
Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes
   
(232,000
)
 
(809,000
)
 
150,000
 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
                   
(Increase) decrease in receivables and other assets
   
1,283,662
   
(1,818,329
)
 
987,079
 
Increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
   
1,549,754
   
2,038,303
   
371,739
 
Increase (decrease) in commissions and reinsurance payable
   
28,370
   
(109,564
)
 
(174,529
)
Increase (decrease) in current income taxes payable
   
(620,535
)
 
580,622
   
84,200
 
Payments of claims, net of recoveries
   
(5,356,211
)
 
(5,149,783
)
 
(6,173,339
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
   
17,856,793
   
17,383,090
   
14,658,038
 
                     
Investing Activities
                   
Purchases of available-for-sale securities
   
(55,092,700
)
 
(42,380,220
)
 
(61,955,609
)
Purchases of short-term securities
   
(1,934,879
)
 
(3,041,163
)
 
(9,537,040
)
Purchases of and net earnings (losses) from other investments
   
(780,273
)
 
(653,873
)
 
(518,467
)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities
   
26,428,538
   
36,566,880
   
41,648,634
 
Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity securities
   
461,000
   
562,000
   
283,000
 
Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term securities
   
4,731,702
   
5,917,750
   
16,146,292
 
Proceeds from sales and distributions from other investments
   
749,331
   
547,743
   
262,511
 
Other investment transactions
   
(65,622
)
 
-
   
-
 
Purchases of property
   
(1,902,619
)
 
(1,897,230
)
 
(1,504,787
)
Proceeds from disposals of property
   
42,236
   
37,714
   
46,727
 
Other property transactions
   
23,685
   
-
   
-
 
Net change in pending trades
   
998,020
   
(2,029,570
)
 
1,304,006
 
Net cash used in investing activities
   
(26,341,581
)
 
(6,369,969
)
 
(13,824,733
)
                     
Financing Activities
                   
Repurchases of common stock
   
(2,278,180
)
 
(3,203,462
)
 
(1,182,654
)
Exercise of options
   
219,342
   
2,482,581
   
324,861
 
Dividends paid
   
(606,423
)
 
(410,202
)
 
(374,425
)
Net cash used in financing activities
   
(2,665,261
)
 
(1,131,083
)
 
(1,232,218
)
                     
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
   
(11,150,049
)
 
9,882,038
   
(398,913
)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year
   
14,608,481
   
4,726,443
   
5,125,356
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year
 
$
3,458,432
 
$
14,608,481
 
$
4,726,443
 
                     
Supplemental Disclosures
                   
Cash Paid During the Year for
                   
Income Taxes (net of refunds)
 
$
4,989,000
 
$
5,537,000
 
$
4,553,000
 
Non cash net unrealized gain/loss on investment
 
$
547,107
 
$
(628,345
)
$
(301,670
)
Non cash adjustment to initially apply FASB Statement No. 158
 
$
61,834
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
 
See notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
15

Investors Title Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Description of Business—Investors Title Company's (the "Company") two primary business segments are title insurance and exchange services. The Company's title insurance segment, through its two subsidiaries, Investors Title Insurance Company ("ITIC") and Northeast Investors Title Insurance Company ("NE-ITIC"), is licensed to insure titles to residential, institutional, commercial and industrial properties. The Company issues title insurance policies primarily through approved attorneys from underwriting offices in North Carolina and South Carolina, and primarily through independent issuing agents in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia. The majority of the Company's business is concentrated in Kentucky, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia. Investors Title Exchange Corporation ("ITEC") acts as an intermediary in tax-deferred exchanges of property held for productive use in a trade or business or for investments, while Investors Title Accommodation Corporation ("ITAC") serves as an exchange accommodation titleholder, offering a vehicle for accomplishing a reverse exchange when a taxpayer must acquire replacement property before selling the relinquished property.

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation—The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Reclassification—Certain 2005 and 2004 amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2006 classifications. These reclassifications had no effect on stockholders’ equity or net income as previously reported.

Significant Accounting Policies—The significant accounting policies of the Company are summarized below.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
For the purpose of presentation in the Company's statements of cash flows, cash equivalents are highly liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or less. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

Investments in Securities
 
Securities for which the Company has the intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and reported at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts, and other-than-temporary declines in fair value. Securities held principally for resale in the near term are classified as trading securities and recorded at fair values. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading securities are included in other income. Securities not classified as either trading or held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value, adjusted for other-than-temporary declines in fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as accumulated other comprehensive income. Securities are regularly reviewed for differences between the cost and estimated fair value of each security for factors that may indicate that a decline in fair value is other-than-temporary. Some factors considered in evaluating whether or not a decline in fair value is other-than-temporary include the duration and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost and the Company’s ability and intent to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for a recovery in value. Such reviews are inherently uncertain and the value of the investment may not fully recover or may decline in future periods resulting in a realized loss. Fair values of all investments are based on quoted market prices. Realized gains and losses are determined on the specific identification method.
 
Short-term Investments
 
Short-term investments comprise money market accounts, time deposits with banks and savings and loan associations, and other investments expected to have maturities or redemptions greater than three months and less than twelve months. The Company did not identify any events or changes in circumstances that may have had a significant adverse effect on the fair value of these investments.
 
Other Investments
 
Other investments consist primarily of investments through LLC structures, which are accounted for under the equity or cost method of accounting. The aggregate cost of the Company’s cost method investments totaled $854,296 at December 31, 2006. The Company did not identify any events or changes in circumstances that may have had a significant adverse effect on the fair value of these investments.
 
Property Acquired in Settlement of Claims
 
Property acquired in settlement of claims is held for sale and valued at the lower of cost or market. Adjustments to reported estimated realizable values and realized gains or losses on dispositions are recorded as increases or decreases in claim costs.
 
Property and Equipment
 
Property and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated principally under the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives (three to 25 years) of the respective assets. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operating expenses and improvements are capitalized.
 
16

Reserves for Claims
 
The total reserve for all reported and unreported losses the Company incurred through December 31, 2006 is represented by the reserves for claims. The Company's reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses are established using estimated amounts required to settle claims for which notice has been received (reported) and the amount estimated to be required to satisfy incurred claims of policyholders which may be reported in the future. Despite the variability of such estimates, management believes that the reserves are adequate to cover claim losses resulting from pending and future claims for policies issued through December 31, 2006. The Company continually reviews and adjusts its reserve estimates as necessary to reflect its loss experience and any new information that becomes available. Adjustments resulting from such reviews may be significant.
 
Claims and losses paid are charged to the reserves for claims. Although claims losses are typically paid in cash, occasionally claims are settled by purchasing the interest of the insured or the claimant in the real property. When this event occurs, the acquiring company carries assets at the lower of cost or estimated realizable value, net of any indebtedness on the property.
 
Deferred Income Taxes
 
The Company provides for deferred income taxes (benefits) for the tax consequences on future years on temporary differences between the financial statements' carrying values and the tax bases of assets and liabilities using currently enacted tax rates.
 
Premiums Written and Commissions to Agents
 
Premiums are recorded and recognized as revenue at the time of closing of the related transaction as the earnings process is considered complete. Title insurance commissions earned by the Company's agents are recognized as expense concurrently with premium recognition.
 
Fair Values of Financial Instruments
 
Fair values for investment securities are based on quoted market prices. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for short-term investments, premiums receivable, accrued interest and dividends, accounts payable, commissions and reinsurance payable and current income taxes payable approximates cost, which is what is reflected on the balance sheets due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities.
 
Comprehensive Income
 
The Company's accumulated other comprehensive income is comprised of unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale securities, net of tax, and the adjustment to initially apply FASB Statement No. 158 related to postretirement benefit liabilities, net of tax.
 
Stock-Based Compensation Disclosure
 
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) revised Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (“SFAS 123R”), “Share-Based Payment,” which establishes accounting for share-based awards exchanged for employee services and requires companies to expense the estimated fair value of these awards over the requisite employee service period. On April 14, 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission adopted a new rule amending the effective date for SFAS 123R. In accordance with the new rule, the Company adopted the accounting provisions of SFAS 123R beginning in the first quarter of 2006.

Under SFAS 123R, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period. The Company has no awards with market or performance conditions. The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS 123R on January 1, 2006, the first day of the Company’s fiscal year 2006, using a modified prospective application, which provides for certain changes to the method for valuing share-based compensation. Under the modified prospective application, prior periods are not revised for comparative purposes. The valuation provisions of SFAS 123R apply to new awards and to awards that are outstanding on the effective date and subsequently modified or cancelled. Estimated compensation expense for awards outstanding at the effective date will be recognized over the remaining service period using the compensation cost calculated for pro forma disclosure purposes under FASB Statement No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (“SFAS 123”).

As share-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of income for the twelve months ended December 31, 2006 is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it should be reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. In the Company’s pro forma information required under SFAS 123 for the periods prior to fiscal 2006, the Company accounted for forfeitures as they occurred.

Prior to adopting the provisions of SFAS 123R, the Company recorded estimated compensation expense for employee stock options based upon their intrinsic value on the date of grant pursuant to Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, (“APB 25”), “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and provided the required pro forma disclosures of SFAS 123. Because the Company established the exercise price based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock at the date of grant, the stock options had no intrinsic value upon grant, and therefore no estimated expense was recorded prior to adopting SFAS 123R. Each accounting period, the Company reported the potential dilutive impact of stock options in its diluted earnings per common share using the treasury-stock method. Out-of-the-money stock options (i.e., the average stock price during the period was below the exercise price of the stock option) were not included in diluted earnings per common share as their effect was anti-dilutive.

17

Pro forma net earnings for 2005 and 2004, including effects of expensing stock options follows:

 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2005
 
2004
 
Net Income, as reported
 
$
13,292,923
 
$
10,719,166
 
Add back issuance of common stock in payment of bonuses and fees, net of tax
   
28,439
   
18,623
 
Deduct - total stock-based compensation expense under fair value method for
             
all awards, net of tax
   
(175,531
)
 
(171,851
)
Pro forma net income
 
$
13,145,831
 
$
10,565,938
 
Basic earnings per common share:
             
As reported
 
$
5.19
 
$
4.29
 
Pro forma net earnings
   
5.13
   
4.23
 
Diluted earnings per common share:
             
As reported
 
$
5.10
 
$
4.09
 
Pro forma net earnings
   
5.06
   
4.03
 

As a result of adopting SFAS 123R, the Company’s income before income taxes for 2006 was lower by $91,209 than if it had continued to account for share-based compensation under APB 25. The net income for 2006 was lower by $78,550 than if it had continued to account for share-based compensation under APB 25. Basic and diluted earnings per share for the year 2006 would have increased $0.03 per share basic and $0.03 per share diluted.

Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, all tax benefits resulting from share-based compensation were presented as operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. SFAS 123R requires cash flows resulting from tax deductions in excess of the grant date fair value of share-based awards to be included in cash flows from financing activities.
 
Escrows and Like-Kind Exchanges
 
As a service to its customers, the Company, through ITIC, administers escrow and trust deposits representing earnest money received under real estate contracts, undisbursed amounts received for settlement of mortgage loans and indemnities against specific title risks. Cash held by the Company for these purposes was approximately $15,828,000 and $12,753,000 as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. In administering tax-deferred exchanges, ITEC serves as a qualified intermediary for exchanges, holding the net sales proceeds from relinquished property to be used for purchase of replacement property. ITAC serves as exchange accommodation titleholder and, through LLCs that are wholly owned subsidiaries of ITAC, holds property for exchangers in reverse exchange transactions. Like-kind exchange deposits and reverse exchange property totaled $186,579,000 and $205,613,000 as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. These amounts are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are excluded from the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Exchange services revenues include earnings on these deposits; therefore, investment income is shown as exchange services revenue, rather than investment income. The Company remains contingently liable for the disposition of these deposits and for the transfers of property, disbursements of proceeds and the return on the proceeds at the agreed upon rate.
 
Recent Accounting Standards
 
In July 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. FIN 48 specifies how tax benefits for uncertain tax positions are to be recognized, measured and derecognized in financial statements; requires certain disclosures of uncertain tax matters; specifies how reserves for uncertain tax positions should be classified on the balance sheets; and provides transition and interim period guidance, among other provisions. The interpretation requires that the Company recognize in its financial statements the impact of a tax position if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. The provisions of FIN 48 are effective as of the beginning of the Company’s 2007 fiscal year, with the cumulative effect, if any, of the change in accounting principle recorded as an adjustment to beginning retained earnings. The Company will implement FIN 48 in the first quarter of 2007, and is currently evaluating the impact of adopting FIN 48 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”). SFAS No. 157 establishes a common definition for fair value to be applied to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requiring use of fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosure about such fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS No. 157 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.
 
18

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans” (“SFAS No. 158”). SFAS No. 158 requires that employers recognize on a prospective basis the funded status of their defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans on their consolidated balance sheets, and recognize as a component of other comprehensive income, net of tax, the gains or losses and prior service costs or credits that arise during the period but are not recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost. SFAS No. 158 also requires additional disclosures in the notes to financial statements. The effect of adopting SFAS No. 158 on the Company’s financial condition at December 31, 2006 has been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. SFAS No. 158 did not have an effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition at December 31, 2005 or 2004. See Note 10 for further discussion. 

In September 2006, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 108 “Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements” (“SAB 108”). SAB 108 requires that public companies utilize a “dual-approach” to assessing the quantitative effects of financial misstatements. This dual approach includes both an income statement focused and a balance sheet focused assessment. The guidance in SAB 108 must be applied to annual financial statements for fiscal years ending after November 15, 2006. SAB 108 did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions used.

2. Statutory Restrictions on Consolidated Stockholders' Equity and Investments
 
The Company has designated approximately $38,108,000 and $36,140,000 of retained earnings as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, as appropriated to reflect the required statutory premium reserve. See Note 8 for the tax treatment of the statutory premium reserve.
 
As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, approximately $66,180,000 and $63,412,000, respectively, of consolidated stockholders' equity represents net assets of the Company's subsidiaries that cannot be transferred in the form of dividends, loans or advances to the parent company under statutory regulations without prior insurance department approval.
 
Bonds totaling approximately $5,724,000 and $3,847,000 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, are deposited with the insurance departments of the states in which business is conducted. These investments are restricted as to withdrawal as required by law.

3. Investments in Securities
 
The aggregate fair value, gross unrealized holding gains, gross unrealized holding losses, and amortized cost for securities by major security type at December 31 were as follows:
 
       
Gross
 
Gross
 
Estimated
 
   
Amortized
 
Unrealized
 
Unrealized
 
Fair
 
   
Cost
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
Value
 
December 31, 2006
                 
Fixed Maturities-
                 
Held-to-maturity, at amortized cost-
                 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
$
1,195,617
 
$
41,996
 
$
-
 
$
1,237,613
 
Total
 
$
1,195,617
 
$
41,996
 
$
-
 
$
1,237,613
 
Fixed Maturities-
                         
Available-for-sale, at fair value:
                         
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
$
95,969,124
 
$
935,898
 
$
170,421
 
$
96,734,601
 
Corporate debt securities
 
 
5,010,701
   
209,005
 
 
15
   
5,219,691
 
Total
 
$
100,979,825
 
$
1,144,903
 
$
170,436
 
$
101,954,292
 
Equity Securities, available-for-sale at fair value-
                         
Common stocks and nonredeemable preferred stocks
 
$
8,653,003
 
$
3,953,710
 
$
110,790
 
$
12,495,923
 
Total
 
$
8,653,003
 
$
3,953,710
 
$
110,790
 
$
12,495,923
 
Short-term investments-
                         
Certificates of deposit and other
 
$
4,460,911
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
4,460,911
 
Total
 
$
4,460,911
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
4,460,911
 
 
19

 
       
Gross
 
Gross
 
Estimated
 
   
Amortized
 
Unrealized
 
Unrealized
 
Fair
 
   
Cost
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
Value
 
December 31, 2005
                 
Fixed Maturities-
                 
Held-to-maturity, at amortized cost-
                 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
$
1,648,708
 
$
70,482
 
$
-
 
$
1,719,190
 
Total
 
$
1,648,708
 
$
70,482
 
$
-
 
$
1,719,190
 
Fixed Maturities-
                         
Available-for-sale, at fair value:
                         
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
$
67,895,958
 
$
947,334
 
$
213,343
 
$
68,629,949
 
Corporate debt securities
   
6,522,436
   
319,957
   
-
   
6,842,393
 
Total
 
$
74,418,394
 
$
1,267,291
 
$
213,343
 
$
75,472,342
 
Equity Securities, available-for sale at fair value -
                         
Common stocks and nonredeemable preferred stocks
 
$
6,221,347
 
$
3,307,088
 
$
90,757
 
$
9,437,678
 
Total
 
$
6,221,347
 
$
3,307,088
 
$
90,757
 
$
9,437,678
 
Short-term investments-
                         
Certificates of deposit and other
 
$
7,257,734
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
7,257,734
 
Total
 
$
7,257,734
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
7,257,734
 
 
The scheduled maturities of fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2006 were as follows:
 
 
   
Available-for-Sale
 
Held-to-Maturity
 
   
Amortized
 
Fair
 
Amortized
 
Fair
 
   
Cost
 
Value
 
Cost
 
Value
 
Due in one year or less
 
$
3,751,018
 
$
3,741,539
 
$
45,000
 
$
45,253
 
Due after one year through five years
   
19,168,540
   
19,427,450
   
18,996
   
20,625
 
Due five years through ten years
   
36,042,691
   
36,535,836
   
490,006
   
505,210
 
Due after ten years
   
42,017,576
   
42,249,467
   
641,615
   
666,525
 
Total
 
$
100,979,825
 
$
101,954,292
 
$
1,195,617
 
$
1,237,613
 

Earnings on investments for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

   
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Fixed maturities
 
$
3,784,337
 
$
2,714,441
 
$
2,396,282
 
Equity securities
   
254,110
   
160,439
   
220,773
 
Invested cash and other short-term investments
   
277,006
   
454,358
   
128,204
 
Miscellaneous interest
   
10,882
   
6,529
   
7,579
 
Investment Income
 
$
4,326,335
 
$
3,335,767
 
$
2,752,838
 

Gross realized gains and losses on sales of available-for-sale securities for the years ended December 31 are summarized as follows:

   
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Gross realized gains:
             
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
$
20,380
 
$
29,130
 
$
9,633
 
Debt securities of domestic corporations
   
-
   
18,464
   
25,994
 
Common stocks and nonredeemable preferred stocks
   
611,906
   
261,380
   
147,042
 
Total
   
632,286
   
308,974
   
182,669
 
                     
Gross realized losses:
                   
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
   
-
   
(1,529
)
 
(407
)
Common stocks and nonredeemable preferred stocks
   
(97,478
)
 
(188,430
)
 
(88,606
)
Total
   
(97,478
)
 
(189,959
)
 
(89,013
)
Net realized gain
 
$
534,808
 
$
119,015
 
$
93,656
 

20


Gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position at December 31, 2006 and 2005, were as follows:

   
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or Longer
 
Total
 
   
Fair
 
Unrealized
 
Fair
 
Unrealized
 
Fair
 
Unrealized
 
December 31, 2006
 
Value
 
Losses
 
Value
 
Losses
 
Value
 
Losses
 
Obligations of states and political
subdivisions
 
$
10,897,630
 
$
(57,795
)
$
6,642,342
 
$
(112,626
)
$
17,539,972
 
$
(170,421
)
Debt securities of domestic
corporations
   
600,253
   
(15
)
 
-
   
-
   
600,253
   
(15
)
Total Fixed Securities
 
$
11,497,883
 
$
(57,810
)
$
6,642,342
 
$
(112,626
)
$
18,140,225
 
$
(170,436
)
Equity Securities
   
778,529
   
(69,491
)
 
254,480
   
(41,299
)
 
1,033,009
   
(110,790
)
Total temporarily impaired securities
 
$
12,276,412
 
$
(127,301
)
$
6,896,822
 
$
(153,925
)
$
19,173,234
 
$
(281,226
)
 
   
Fair
 
Unrealized
 
Fair
 
Unrealized
 
Fair
 
Unrealized
 
December 31, 2005
 
Value
 
Losses
 
Value
 
Losses
 
Value
 
Losses
 
Obligations of states and political
subdivisions
 
$
10,063,915
 
$
(124,575
)
$
5,557,548
 
$
(88,768
)
$
15,621,463
 
$
(213,343
)
Debt securities of domestic
corporations
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Total Fixed Securities
 
$
10,063,915
 
$
(124,575
)
$
5,557,548
 
$
(88,768
)
$
15,621,463
 
$
(213,343
)
Equity Securities
   
2,048,249
   
(86,022
)
 
97,500
   
(4,735
)
 
2,145,749
 
 
(90,757
)
Total temporarily impaired securities
 
$
12,112,164
 
$
(210,597
)
$
5,655,048
 
$
(93,503
)
$
17,767,212
 
$
(304,100
)

A total of 45 and 67 securities had unrealized losses at December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, and the duration of these securities range from less than one to more than ten years. The majority of the Company’s unrealized losses relate to its portfolio of fixed securities. The Company’s unrealized losses on its fixed securities were caused by interest rate increases. Since the decline in fair value was attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and the Company has the intent and ability to hold these securities until a recovery of fair value, the Company does not consider these investments other-than-temporarily impaired. Reviews of securities are inherently uncertain and the value of the investment may not fully recover or may decline in future periods resulting in a realized loss.

4. Property and Equipment
 
Property and equipment and estimated useful lives at December 31 are summarized as follows:
 
   
2006
 
2005
 
Land
 
$
1,107,582
 
$
1,107,582
 
Title plant
   
200,000
   
200,000
 
Office buildings and improvements (25 years)
   
3,125,077
   
3,099,943
 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment (3 to 10 years)
   
7,285,097
   
6,930,165
 
Automobiles (3 years)
   
559,265
   
527,134
 
Total
   
12,277,021
   
11,864,824
 
Less accumulated depreciation
   
(6,142,717
)
 
(6,398,059
)
Property and equipment, net
 
$
6,134,304
 
$
5,466,765
 
 
21

5. Reinsurance
 
The Company assumes and cedes reinsurance with other insurance companies in the normal course of business. Premiums assumed and ceded were approximately $22,000 and $442,000, respectively, for 2006, $21,000 and $316,000, respectively, for 2005 and $6,000 and $295,000, respectively, for 2004. Ceded reinsurance is comprised of excess of loss treaties, which protects against losses over certain amounts. The Company remains liable to the insured for claims under ceded insurance policies in the event that the assuming insurance companies are unable to meet their obligations under these contracts. The Company has not paid or recovered any reinsured losses during the three years ended December 31, 2006.
 
6. Reserves for Claims
 
Changes in the reserves for claims for the years ended December 31 are summarized as follows based on the year in which the policies were written:
 
   
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Balance, beginning of year
 
$
34,857,000
 
$
31,842,000
 
$
30,031,000
 
Provisions related to:
                   
Current year
   
9,226,811
   
9,816,189
   
8,171,579
 
Prior years
   
(1,821,600
)
 
(1,651,406
)
 
(187,240
)
Total provision charged to operations
   
7,405,211
   
8,164,783
   
7,984,339
 
Claims paid, net of recoveries, related to:
                   
Current year
   
(618,965
)
 
(253,922
)
 
(167,882
)
Prior years
   
(4,737,246
)
 
(4,895,861
)
 
(6,005,457
)
Total claims paid, net of recoveries
   
(5,356,211
)
 
(5,149,783
)
 
(6,173,339
)
Balance, end of year
 
$
36,906,000
 
$
34,857,000
 
$
31,842,000
 
 
In management's opinion, the reserves are adequate to cover claim losses which might result from pending and possible claims.
 
22

7. Earnings Per Share and Stock Options
 
Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income by the combination of dilutive common share equivalents, comprised of shares issuable under the Company’s share-based compensation plans and the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Dilutive common share equivalents include the dilutive effect of in-the-money shares, which is calculated based on the average share price for each period using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the exercise price of a share, the amount of compensation cost, if any, for future service that the Company has not yet recognized, and the amount of estimated tax benefits that would be recorded in additional paid-in capital, if any, when the share is exercised are assumed to be used to repurchase shares in the current period. The incremental dilutive common share equivalents, calculated using the treasury stock method were 36,289, 47,215 and 124,205 for 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
 
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31:

For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Net Income
 
$
13,185,434
 
$
13,292,923
 
$
10,719,166
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding - Basic
   
2,527,927
   
2,560,418
   
2,496,711
 
Incremental shares outstanding assuming
                   
the exercise of dilutive stock options and SARS
   
36,289
   
47,215
   
124,205
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding - Diluted
   
2,564,216
   
2,607,633
   
2,620,916
 
Basic earnings per common share
 
$
5.22
 
$
5.19
 
$
4.29
 
Diluted earnings per common share
 
$
5.14
 
$
5.10
 
$
4.09
 

All outstanding options and Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARS”) during 2006, 2005 and 2004 were included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options’ exercise prices were less than or equal to the average market price of the common shares.
 
The Company has adopted Employee Stock Option Purchase Plans (the "Plans") under which options or SARS to purchase shares (not to exceed 500,000 shares) of the Company's stock may be granted to key employees of the Company at a price not less than the market value on the date of grant. SARS and options, which are predominantly incentive stock options, are exercisable and vest immediately or within one year or at 10% to 20% per year beginning on the date of grant and generally expire in five to ten years. There were not any SARS exercised in 2006.

A summary of stock option transactions for all stock option plans follows:

       
Weighted
 
Average
     
       
Average
 
Remaining
 
Aggregate
 
   
Number
 
Exercise
 
Contractual
 
Intrinsic
 
   
of Shares
 
Price
 
Term (years)
 
Value
 
Outstanding as of January 1, 2004
   
264,891
 
$
16.09
             
Options granted
   
7,200
 
 
28.92
             
Options exercised
   
(13,860
)
 
16.38
             
Options cancelled/forfeited/expired
   
(11,450
)
 
15.99
             
Outstanding as of December 31, 2004
   
246,781
 
$
16.45
             
Options granted
   
3,000
 
 
36.79
             
Options exercised
   
(163,420
)
 
14.85
             
Options cancelled/forfeited/expired
   
(4,360
)
 
14.26
             
Outstanding as of December 31, 2005
   
82,001
 
$
20.50
             
SARS granted
   
3,000
 
 
43.78
             
Options exercised
   
(9,340
)
 
17.21
             
Options cancelled/forfeited/expired
   
(1,610
)
 
22.12
                   
Outstanding as of December 31, 2006
   
74,051
 
$
21.82
   
4.34
 
$
2,338,246
 
                           
Exercisable as of December 31, 2006
   
43,111
 
$
23.15
   
4.21
 
$
1,304,253
 
                           
Unvested as of December 31, 2006
   
30,940
 
$
19.98
   
4.53
 
$
1,033,993
 
 
23

 
The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the quoted price of the Company’s common stock at December 31, 2006. There were no options or SARS excluded from the calculation as all options and SARS were in the money. The intrinsic value of options exercised during 2006 was approximately $270,000.

The following tables summarize information about fixed stock options outstanding at December 31, 2006:

 
 
 
 
 
 
Options Outstanding at Year-End
 
Options Exercisable at Year-End
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted
 
Weighted
 
 
 
Weighted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
Average
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number
 
Remaining
 
Exercise
 
Number
 
Exercise
 
Range of Exercise Prices
 
Outstanding
 
Contractual Life
 
Price
 
Exercisable
 
Price
 
$ 10.00
 
-
 
$ 12.00
 
15,840
 
3.4
 
$ 11.24
 
7,095
 
$ 10.97
 
13.06
 
-
 
15.58
 
9,250
 
3.6
 
14.77
 
5,850
 
14.64
 
17.25
 
-
 
19.35
 
2,660
 
5.1
 
18.88
 
710
 
19.07
 
20.00
 
-
 
22.75
 
18,296
 
5.0
 
21.16
 
8,546
 
20.77
 
25.28
 
-
 
36.79
 
25,005
 
4.4
 
29.30
 
18,660
 
29.20
 
$ 10.00
 
-
 
$ 36.79
 
71,051
 
4.3
 
$ 20.90
 
40,861
 
$ 22.01
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
SARS Outstanding at Year-End
 
SARS Exercisable at Year-End
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted
 
Weighted
 
 
 
Weighted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
Average
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number
 
Remaining
 
Exercise
 
Number
 
Exercise
 
Range of Exercise Prices
 
Outstanding
 
Contractual Life
 
Price
 
Exercisable
 
Price
 
$ 43.78
 
-
 
$ 43.78
 
3,000
 
6.4
 
$ 43.78
 
2,250
 
$ 43.78
 
 
During the second quarter of 2006, the Company issued 3,000 SARS to the directors of the Company. SARS give the holder the right to receive stock in the appreciation in the value of shares of stock from the grant date for a specified period of time, and as a result, are accounted for as equity instruments. As such, these were valued using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the weighted-average assumptions noted in the following table. Expected volatilities are based on both the implied and historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination within the valuation model. The expected term of options represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The interest rate for periods during the expected life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. The weighted-average fair value for the SARS issued was $13.96 and was estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions:

   
2006
 
Expected Life in Years
   
5.0
 
Volatility
   
27.16
%
Interest Rate
   
4.97
%
Yield Rate
   
0.55
%

The estimated weighted-average grant-date fair value of options and SARS granted for the years ended December 31 was as follows:

For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Exercise price equal to market price on date of grant:
                   
Weighted-average market price
 
$
43.78
 
$
36.79
 
$
28.92
 
Weighted-average grant-date fair value
 
 
13.96
   
17.03
   
13.47
 

There are no stock options or SARS granted where the exercise price is less than the market price on the date of grant.
 
24


The fair value of each option or SAR granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing method with the following weighted-average assumptions:

   
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Expected Life in Years
   
5.0
   
10.0
   
10.0
 
Volatility
   
27
%
 
30
%
 
31
%
Interest Rate
   
5.0
%
 
4.1
%
 
4.2
%
Yield Rate
   
0.6
%
 
0.4
%
 
0.5
%

There was approximately $91,000 of compensation expense relating to shares vesting on or before December 31, 2006 included in salaries, employee benefits and payroll taxes of the consolidated statements of income. As of December 31, 2006, there was approximately $259,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Company’s stock awards plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4.53 years.

8. Income Taxes
 
The components of income tax expense for the years ended December 31 are summarized as follows:
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Current:
             
Federal
 
$
4,042,000
 
$
5,818,000
 
$
4,442,000
 
State
   
334,000
   
281,000
   
191,000
 
Total
   
4,376,000
   
6,099,000
   
4,633,000
 
Deferred expense (benefit):
                   
Federal
   
(210,552
)
 
(779,617
)
 
196,956
 
State
   
(21,448
)
 
(29,383
)
 
(46,956
)
Total
   
(232,000
)
 
(809,000
)
 
150,000
 
Total
 
$
4,144,000
 
$
5,290,000
 
$
4,783,000
 
 
For state income tax purposes, ITIC and NE-ITIC generally pay only a gross premium tax.

At December 31, the approximate effect on each component of deferred income taxes and liabilities is summarized as follows:
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2006
 
2005
 
Deferred income tax assets:
         
Recorded reserves for claims, net of statutory premium reserves
 
$
1,197,635
 
$
1,566,686
 
Accrued benefits and retirement services
   
2,023,905
   
1,514,201
 
Reinsurance and commissions payable
   
59,644
   
61,740
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
   
723,520
   
830,960
 
Adjustment to initially apply FASB Statement No. 158
   
21,024
   
-
 
Net operating loss carryforward
   
68,000
   
70,000
 
Other
   
248,116
   
171,346
 
Total
   
4,341,844
   
4,214,933
 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
             
Net unrealized gain on investments
   
1,635,145
   
1,449,670
 
Excess of tax over book depreciation
   
51,689
   
138,157
 
Discount accretion on tax-exempt obligations
   
40,398
   
26,276
 
Other
   
84,416
   
138,183
 
Total
   
1,811,648
   
1,752,286
 
Net deferred income tax assets
 
$
2,530,196
 
$
2,462,647
 

At December 31, 2006 and 2005, no valuation allowance was recorded. Based upon the Company’s historical results of operations, the existing financial condition of the Company and management’s assessment of all other available information, management believes that it is more likely than not that the benefit of these net deferred income tax assets will be realized.
 
25

A reconciliation of income tax as computed for the years ended December 31 at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate (34%) to income tax expense follows:
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Anticipated income tax expense
 
$
5,892,008
 
$
6,318,194
 
$
5,270,736
 
Increase (reduction) related to:
               
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit
   
220,400
   
185,460
   
126,060
 
Tax-exempt interest income (net of amortization)
   
(2,044,576
)
 
(1,407,055
)
 
(638,049
)
Other, net
   
76,168
   
193,401
   
24,253
 
Provision for income taxes
 
$
4,144,000
 
$
5,290,000
 
$
4,783,000
 

9. Leases
 
The Company leases certain office facilities and equipment under operating leases. Rental expense also includes occasional rental of automobiles. Rent expense totaled approximately $889,000, $846,000 and $746,000 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The future minimum lease payments under operating leases that have initial or remaining noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2006, are summarized as follows:
 
Year Ended:
     
2007
 
$
750,615
 
2008
   
469,922
 
2009
   
258,828
 
2010
   
147,853
 
2011
   
10,540
 
Total
 
$
1,637,758
 
 
10. Retirement and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
 
After three years of service, employees are eligible to participate in a Simplified Employee Pension Plan. Contributions, which are made at the discretion of the Company, are based on the employee's salary, but in no case will such contribution exceed $44,000 annually per employee. All contributions are deposited in Individual Retirement Accounts for participants. Contributions expensed under this plan were approximately $712,000, $602,000 and $572,000 for 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
 
In November 2003, ITIC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into employment agreements with the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and the Chief Operating Officer of ITIC. These individuals also serve as the Chief Executive Officer, President and Executive Vice President, respectively, of the Company. The agreements provide compensation and life, health, dental and vision benefits upon the occurrence of specific events, including death, disability, retirement, termination without cause or upon a change in control. The agreements provide for annual salaries to be fixed by the Compensation Committee and, among other benefits, ITIC shall make quarterly contributions pursuant to a supplemental executive retirement plan on behalf of each executive equal to 22% of the base salary and bonus paid to each during such quarter. The agreements also prohibit each of these executives from competing with ITIC and its parent, subsidiaries and affiliates in the state of North Carolina while employed by ITIC and for a period of two years following termination of their employment. In addition, during the second quarter of 2004, ITIC entered into nonqualified deferred compensation plan agreements with these executives. The amount accrued for these plans at December 31, 2006 and 2005 was approximately $3,948,000 and $2,491,000, respectively, which includes postretirement compensation and health benefits, and was calculated based on the terms of the contract. These executive contracts are accounted for on an individual contract basis.
 
On November 17, 2003, ITIC entered into employment agreements with key executives that provide for the continuation of certain employee benefits upon retirement. The executive employee benefits include health insurance, dental insurance, vision insurance and life insurance. The plan is unfunded. Estimated future benefit payouts expected to be paid for each of the next five years are $2,024 in 2007, $2,105 in 2008, $2,369 in 2009, $2,423 in 2010, $2,469 in 2011 and $24,987 in the next five years thereafter.
 
26

Cost of the Company’s postretirement benefit plan included the following components:

   
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Net periodic benefit cost
             
Service cost - benefits earned during the year
 
$
14,227
 
$
14,366
 
$
14,051
 
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation
   
14,061
   
13,675
   
15,499
 
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost
   
20,388
   
20,388
   
14,485
 
Amortization of unrecognized gains
   
(1,665
)
 
(591
)
 
-
 
Net periodic benefit cost at end of year
 
$
47,011
 
$
47,838
 
$
44,035
 

On December 31, 2006, the Company adopted the recognition and disclosure provisions of SFAS 158. SFAS 158 required the Company to recognize the funded status (i.e., the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the projected benefit obligations) of its benefit plan in the December 31, 2006 consolidated balance sheet, with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. The net adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income at adoption of $61,834 ($40,810, net of tax) represents the net unrecognized actuarial losses and unrecognized prior service costs. The effects of adopting the provisions of SFAS 158 on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2006 and 2005 are presented in the following table:

   
2006
 
2005
 
Funded status
         
Actuarial present value of future benefits:
         
Fully eligible active employee
 
$
(28,486
)
$
(27,846
)
Non-eligible active employees
   
(227,232
)
 
(217,671
)
Funded status of accumulated pension benefit obligation
   
(255,718
)
 
(245,517
)
Unrecognized prior service cost
   
134,739
   
155,127
 
Unrecognized gain
   
(72,905
)
 
(56,483
)
Comprehensive income
   
(61,834
)
 
-
 
Funded status of accumulated pension benefit obligation at end of year
 
$
(255,718
)
$
(146,873
)

Development of the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 includes the following:

   
2006
 
2005
 
Accumulated benefit obligation at beginning of year
 
$
146,873
 
$
99,035
 
Service cost - benefits earned during the year
   
14,227
   
14,366
 
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation
   
14,061
   
13,675
 
Amortization cost, net
   
18,723
   
19,797
 
Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year
 
$
193,884
 
$
146,873
 

Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31 were:
 
   
2006
 
2005
 
Discount rate
   
5.75
%
 
5.75
%
Expected return on plan assets
   
N/A
   
N/A
 
Expected medical cost increase
   
5-10
%
 
5-12
%
Expected dental and vision cost increase
   
5
%
 
5
%
 
27

Assumed health care cost trend rates do have an effect on the amounts reported for the postretirement benefit plan. The following illustrates the effects on the net periodic postretirement benefit cost (NPPBC) and the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (APBO) of a one percentage point increase and one percentage point decrease in the assumed health care cost trend rate as of December 31, 2006:
 
   
One-Percentage Point Increase
 
One-Percentage Point Decrease
 
1. NPPBC
         
Effect on the service cost component
 
$
3,548
 
$
(2,695
)
Effect on interest cost
   
3,350
   
(2,573
)
Total effect on the net periodic postretirement benefit cost
 
$
6,898
 
$
(5,268
)
2. APBO (including active employees who are not fully eligible)
             
Effect on those currently receiving benefits (retirees and spouses)
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
Effect on active fully eligible
   
2,310
   
(2,064
)
Effect on actives not yet eligible
   
55,959
   
(42,685
)
Total effect on the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation
 
$
58,269
 
$
(44,749
)

11. Commitments and Contingencies
 
The Company and its subsidiaries are involved in various routine legal proceedings that are incidental to their business. In the Company’s opinion, based on the present status of these proceedings, any potential liability of the Company or its subsidiaries with respect to these legal proceedings, will not, in the aggregate, be material to the Company’s consolidated financial condition or operations.

12. Statutory Accounting
 
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America which differ in some respects from statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted in the preparation of financial statements for submission to insurance regulatory authorities.
 
Stockholders' equity on a statutory basis was $88,828,480 and $78,017,870 as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Net income on a statutory basis was $11,684,065, $12,657,658 and $9,292,197 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

13. Segment Information
 
Consistent with SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” the Company has aggregated its operating segments into two reportable segments: 1) title insurance services; and 2) tax-deferred exchange services.
 
The title insurance segment primarily issues title insurance policies through approved attorneys from underwriting offices and through independent issuing agents. Title insurance policies insure titles to residential, institutional, commercial and industrial properties.
 
The tax-deferred exchange services segment acts as an intermediary in tax-deferred exchanges of property held for productive use in a trade or business or for investments and serves as exchange accommodation titleholder, holding property for exchangers in reverse exchange transactions. Revenues are derived from fees for handling exchange transactions.

Provided below is selected financial information about the Company's operations by segment for the three years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:

   
Title
 
Exchange
 
All
 
Intersegment
 
 
 
2006
 
Insurance
 
Services
 
Other
 
Elimination
 
Total
 
Operating revenues
 
$
71,733,764
 
$
5,980,027
 
$
2,915,065
 
$
(844,533
)
$
79,784,323
 
Investment income
   
3,759,367
   
18,138
   
619,231
   
(70,401
)
 
4,326,335
 
Net realized gain on sales of investments
   
551,058
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
551,058
 
Total revenues
 
$
76,044,189
 
$
5,998,165
 
$
3,534,296
 
$
(914,934
)
$
84,661,716
 
Operating expenses
   
63,667,391
   
1,419,923
   
3,089,501
   
(844,533
)
 
67,332,282
 
Income before taxes
 
$
12,376,798
 
$
4,578,242
 
$
444,795
 
$
(70,401
)
$
17,329,434
 
Assets
 
$
114,599,621
 
$
1,087,383
 
$
27,829,374
 
$
-
 
$
143,516,378
 
 
28


   
Title
 
Exchange
 
All
 
Intersegment
 
 
 
2005
 
Insurance
 
Services
 
Other
 
Elimination
 
Total
 
Operating revenues
 
$
78,184,904
 
$
4,543,049
 
$
2,411,446
 
$
(730,303
)
$
84,409,096
 
Investment income
   
3,041,553
   
18,463
   
324,154
   
(48,403
)
 
3,335,767
 
Net realized gain on sales of investments
   
100,550
   
-
   
18,465
   
-
   
119,015
 
Total revenues
 
$
81,327,007
 
$
4,561,512
 
$
2,754,065
 
$
(778,706
)
$
87,863,878
 
Operating expenses
   
66,700,267
   
949,407
   
2,363,270
   
(731,989
)
 
69,280,955
 
Income before taxes
 
$
14,626,740
 
$
3,612,105
 
$
390,795
 
$
(46,717
)
$
18,582,923
 
Assets
 
$
106,407,203
 
$
1,502,799
 
$
20,561,526
 
$
-
 
$
128,471,528
 

2004
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenues
 
$
72,874,630
 
$
2,801,888
 
$
1,921,114
 
$
(602,950
)
$
76,994,682
 
Investment income
   
2,651,291
   
7,821
   
147,662
   
(53,936
)
 
2,752,838
 
Net realized gain(loss) on sales of investments
   
106,156
   
-
   
(12,500
)
 
-
   
93,656
 
Total revenues
 
$
75,632,077
 
$
2,809,709
 
$
2,056,276
 
$
(656,886
)
$
79,841,176
 
Operating expenses
   
62,035,935
   
646,758
   
2,259,267
   
(602,950
)
 
64,339,010
 
Income (loss) before taxes
 
$
13,596,142
 
$
2,162,951
 
$
(202,991
)
$
(53,936
)
$
15,502,166
 
Assets
 
$
96,880,761
 
$
1,316,413
 
$
14,989,578
 
$
-
 
$
113,186,752
 

14. Stockholders' Equity
 
On November 12, 2002, the Company's Board of Directors amended the Company's Articles of Incorporation, creating a series of Class A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (the "Class A Preferred Stock"). There are 1,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock authorized and 100,000 of these shares have been designated Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock. The Class A Junior Participating Preferred Stock is senior to common stock in dividends or distributions of assets upon liquidations, dissolutions or winding up of the Company. Dividends on the Class A Preferred Stock are cumulative and accrue from the quarterly dividend payment date. Each share of Class A Preferred Stock entitles the holder thereof to 100 votes on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders of the Company. These shares were reserved for issuance under the Shareholder Rights Plan (the "Plan"), which was adopted on November 21, 2002, by the Company's Board of Directors. Under the terms of the Plan, the Company's common stock acquired by a person or a group buying 15% or more of the Company's common stock would be diluted, except in transactions approved by the Board of Directors.
 
In connection with the Plan, the Company's Board of Directors declared a dividend distribution of one right (a "Right") for each outstanding share of the Company's common stock paid on December 16, 2002, to shareholders of record at the close of business on December 2, 2002. Each Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company a unit (a "Unit") consisting of one one-hundredth of a share of Class A Preferred Stock at a purchase price of $80 per Unit. Under the Plan, the Rights detach and become exercisable upon the earlier of (a) ten (10) days following public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons has acquired, or obtained the right to acquire, beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the outstanding shares of the Company's common stock, or (b) ten (10) business days following the commencement of, or first public announcement of the intent of a person or group to commence, a tender offer or exchange offer that would result in a person or group beneficially owning 15% or more of such outstanding shares of the Company's common stock. The exercise price, the kind and the number of shares covered by each right are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events described in the Plan.
 
If the Company is acquired in a merger or consolidation in which the Company is not the surviving corporation, or the Company engages in a merger or consolidation in which the Company is the surviving corporation and the Company's common stock is changed or exchanged, or more than 50% of the Company's assets or earning power is sold or transferred, the Rights entitle a holder (other than the acquiring person or group) to buy, at the exercise price, stock of the acquiring company having a market value equal to twice the exercise price. Following an acquisition by such person or group of 50% or more of the outstanding common stock, the Company's Board of Directors may exchange the Rights (other than the Rights owned by such person or group), in whole or in part, at an exchange ratio of one share of the Company's common stock, or one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock, per Right.
 
29

 
The Rights expire on November 11, 2012, and are redeemable upon action by the Board of Directors at a price of $0.01 per right at any time before they become exercisable. Until the Rights become exercisable, they are evidenced only by the common stock certificates and are transferred with and only with such certificates.
 
15. Concentration of Risk
 
 Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company invests its cash and cash equivalents into high credit quality security instruments. Deposits which exceed $100,000 at each institution are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Of the $3.5 million in cash and cash equivalents on hand at December 31, 2006, $2.4 million was not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
 
The Company generates a significant amount of title insurance premiums in North Carolina. In 2006, 2005 and 2004, North Carolina accounted for 49.8%, 47.2% and 45.1% of total direct title premiums, respectively.

30

 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
Investors Title Company
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Investors Title Company and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2006. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Investors Title Company and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2006 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of Investors Title Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated March 9, 2007 expressed unqualified opinions on both management’s assessment of the company’s internal control over financial reporting and the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Dixon Hughes PLLC
 
Dixon Hughes PLLC
High Point, North Carolina
 
March 9, 2007
 


MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Management of Investors Title Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15-(f). The Company’s internal control over financial reporting has been designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Companys financial reporting and the preparation of published financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorization of management and directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitation, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in “Internal Control-Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) and concluded that internal controls over financial reporting are effective as of December 31, 2006.

Management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 has been audited by Dixon Hughes PLLC as independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which follows.
 

 
 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM ON INTERNAL CONTROL
 
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
Investors Title Company
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
 
We have audited management’s assessment, included in the accompanying Investors Title Company and Subsidiaries Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, that Investors Title Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Investors Title Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on management’s assessment and an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
 
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
In our opinion, management’s assessment that Investors Title Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on the COSO criteria. Also, in our opinion, Investors Title Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on the COSO criteria.
 
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Investors Title Company and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and our report dated March 9, 2007, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
 
/s/ Dixon Hughes PLLC
 
Dixon Hughes PLLC
High Point, North Carolina
 
March 9, 2007