Document

Exhibit 3.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

NEOTHETICS, INC.,

a Delaware corporation


						State of Delaware Secretary of State Division of Corporations Delivered 01:30 PM 11/24/2014 FILED 01:30 PM 11/24/2014 SRV 141448955 - 4055778 FILE

The undersigned, George Mahaffey, hereby certifies that:

1.He is the duly elected and acting President and Chief Executive Officer of Neothetics, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

2.The Certificate of Incorporation of this corporation was originally filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on February 1, 2007, under the name Lipothera, Inc., as thereafter amended.

3.The Certificate of Incorporation of this corporation shall be amended and restated to read in full as follows:

ARTICLE I.

The name by which the corporation is to be known is Neothetics, Inc. (the “Corporation”).

ARTICLE II.

The address of the Corporation’s registered office in the State of Delaware and the County of Kent is 615 South DuPont Highway, Dover, Delaware 19901. The name of its registered agent at such address is National Corporate Research, Ltd. The Corporation may have such other offices, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”) may designate or as the business of the Corporation may from time to time require.

ARTICLE III.

The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as from time to time amended.

ARTICLE IV.

The total number of shares of all classes of stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 305,000,000 shares, consisting of (a) 300,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), and (b) 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”).

The designations, preferences, privileges, rights and voting powers and any limitations, restrictions or qualifications thereof, of the shares of each class are as follows:

(a) The holders of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall have the right to vote on all questions to the exclusion of all other stockholders, each holder of record of Common Stock being entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock standing in the name of the stockholder on the books of the Corporation, except as may be provided in this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, in a Preferred Stock Designation (as hereinafter defined), or as required by law.

(b) The Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board of Directors (or any committee to which it may duly delegate the authority granted in this Section (b) of Article IV) is hereby empowered to authorize the issuance from time to time of shares of Preferred Stock in one or more series, for such consideration and for such corporate purposes as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine, and by filing a certificate pursuant to applicable law of the State of Delaware (hereinafter referred to as a “Preferred Stock Designation”) as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended to establish from time to time for each such series the number of shares to be included in each such series and to fix the designations, powers, rights and preferences of the shares of each such series, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof to the fullest extent now or hereafter permitted by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and the laws of the State of Delaware, including, without limitation, voting rights (if any), dividend rights, dissolution rights, conversion rights, exchange rights and redemption rights thereof, as shall be stated and expressed in a resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors (or such committee thereof) providing for the issuance of such series of Preferred Stock. Each series of Preferred Stock shall be distinctly designated. The authority of the Board of Directors with respect to each series of Preferred Stock shall include, but not be limited to, determination of the following:

(i)The designation of the series, which may be by distinguishing number, letter or title.

(ii)The number of shares of the series, which number the Board of Directors may thereafter (except where otherwise provided in the Preferred Stock Designation) increase or decrease (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding).

(iii)The amounts payable on, and the preferences, if any, of shares of the series in respect of dividends, and whether such dividends, if any, shall be cumulative or noncumulative.

(iv)Dates at which dividends, if any, shall be payable.

(v)The redemption rights and price or prices, if any, for shares of the series.

(vi)The terms and amount of any sinking fund provided for the purchase or redemption of shares of the series.

(vii)The amounts payable on, and the preferences, if any, of shares of the series in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Corporation.

(viii)Whether the shares of the series shall be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of any other class or series, or any other security, of the Corporation or any other corporation, and, if so, the specification of such other class or series or such other security, the conversion or exchange price or prices or rate or rates, any adjustments thereof, the date or dates at which such shares shall be convertible or exchangeable and all other terms and conditions upon which such conversion or exchange may be made.

(ix)Restrictions on the issuance of shares of the same series or of any other class or series.

(x)The voting rights, if any, of the holders of shares of the series.

ARTICLE V.

The term of existence of the Corporation is to be perpetual.

ARTICLE VI.

The number of its directors shall be determined in the manner provided in the Bylaws of the Corporation.

ARTICLE VII.

Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the Board of Directors of the Corporation shall be divided into three classes designated as Class I, Class II and Class III, respectively. Directors shall be assigned to each class in accordance with a resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors. To the extent practicable, the Board of Directors shall assign an equal number of directors to Class I, Class II and Class III. At the first annual meeting of stockholders after the filing of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the terms of the Class I directors shall expire and Class I directors shall be elected for a full term of office to expire at the third succeeding annual meeting of stockholders after their election. At the second annual meeting of stockholders, the terms of the Class II directors shall expire and Class II directors shall be elected for a full term of office to expire at the third succeeding annual meeting of stockholders after their election. At the third annual meeting of stockholders, the terms of the Class III directors shall expire and Class III directors shall be elected for a full term of office to expire at the third succeeding annual meeting of stockholders after their election. At each succeeding annual meeting of stockholders, directors elected to succeed the directors of the class whose terms expire at such meeting shall be elected for a full term of office to expire at the third succeeding annual meeting of stockholders after their election. If the number of directors is changed, any increase or decrease shall be apportioned among the classes so as to maintain the number of directors in each class as nearly equal as possible, and any additional director of any class elected to fill a vacancy resulting from an increase in such class shall hold office for a term that shall coincide with the remaining term of that class.

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Article VII, each director shall serve until such director’s successor is duly elected and qualified or until such director’s death, resignation or removal. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.

ARTICLE VIII.

Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock with respect to such series of Preferred Stock, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of record of all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of the Corporation authorized by law or by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to vote on such action, and such writing or writings are filed with the permanent records of the Corporation.

ARTICLE IX.

Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock with respect to such series of Preferred Stock, special meetings of stockholders for the transaction of such business as may properly come before the meeting may only be called by order of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Board of Directors (pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the total number of directors that the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies) or the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, and shall be held at such date and time, within or without the State of Delaware, as may be specified by such order. If such order fails to fix such place, the meeting shall be held at the principal executive offices of the Corporation.

ARTICLE X.

In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by the laws of the State of Delaware, the Board of Directors of the Corporation is expressly authorized to make, alter and repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation, subject to the power of the stockholders of the Corporation to alter or repeal the Bylaws under

applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended. Stockholders of the Corporation are authorized to make, alter and repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation only pursuant to Article XV of the Bylaws of the Corporation.

ARTICLE XI.

A director of the Corporation shall not be personally liable either to the Corporation or to any of its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware as the same exists or may hereafter be amended. Any amendment or modification or repeal of the foregoing sentence shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation hereunder in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such amendment, modification or repeal.

ARTICLE XII.

(a)Right to Indemnification. The Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment), any person (a “Covered Person”) who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to, or is otherwise involved in, any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative in nature (a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that such Covered Person, or a person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was, at any time during which this Section (a) of Article XII is in effect (whether or not such Covered Person continues to serve in such capacity at the time any indemnification or payment of expenses pursuant hereto is sought or at the time any proceeding relating thereto exists or is brought), a director or officer of the Corporation, or has or had agreed to become a director of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, trustee, employee or agent of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, employee benefit plan, trust, nonprofit entity or other enterprise, whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, trustee, employee or agent or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, trustee, employee or agent, against all liability and loss suffered (including, without limitation, any judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) and expenses (including attorneys’ fees), actually and reasonably incurred by such Covered Person in connection with such proceeding to the fullest extent permitted by law, and such indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, trustee, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators; provided however, that, except as provided in Section (b) of this Article XII, the Corporation shall be required to indemnify a person in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if the proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors. The right to indemnification conferred in this Section (a) of Article XII and such rights as may be conferred in the Bylaws of the Corporation shall include the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by a Covered Person in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition, in accordance with the Bylaws of the Corporation. The rights conferred upon Covered Persons in this Section (a) of Article XII shall be contract rights that vest at the time of such person’s service to or at the request of the Corporation and such rights shall continue as to a Covered Person who has ceased to be a director, officer, trustee, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the indemnitee’s heirs, executors and administrators. The Corporation may, by action of the Board of Directors, provide indemnification to employees and agents of the Corporation with the same (or lesser) scope and effect as the foregoing indemnification of directors and officers.

(b)Right of Claimant to Bring Suit. In accordance with the Bylaws of the Corporation, if a claim for indemnification under Section (a) of this Article XII is not paid in full within sixty (60) days after a written claim has been received by the Corporation, the Covered Person making such claim may at any time thereafter file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such claim.

(c)Non Exclusivity of Rights. In accordance with the Bylaws of the Corporation, the right to indemnification and the payment of expenses incurred in defending a proceeding in advance of its final

disposition conferred any Covered Person by Section (a) of this Article XII (i) shall not be exclusive of any other rights which such Covered Person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise and (ii) cannot be terminated by the Corporation, the Board of Directors or the stockholders of the Corporation with respect to a Covered Person’s service occurring prior to the date of such termination.

ARTICLE XIII.

The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance, at its expense, on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise against any liability, expense or loss asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power or the obligation to indemnify such person against such liability, expense or loss under the provisions of the Bylaws of the Corporation or the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. To the extent that the Corporation maintains any policy or policies providing such insurance, each such person shall be covered by such policy or policies in accordance with its or their terms to the maximum extent of the coverage thereunder for any such person.

ARTICLE XIV.

In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by the laws of the State of Delaware as they presently exist or may hereafter be amended, subject to any limitations contained elsewhere in this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the Corporation may adopt, amend or repeal this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation; provided that Articles VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XII and this Article XIV may only be amended or repealed by the affirmative vote of the holders of record of no less than 80% of the issued and outstanding shares of the capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person or by proxy.

The foregoing Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation has been duly adopted by this Corporation’s Board of Directors and stockholders in accordance with the applicable provisions of Sections 228,242 and 245 of the Delaware General Corporation.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Neothetics, Inc. has caused this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be signed by its President and Chief Executive Officer this 24 th day of November, 2014.

/s/ George Mahaffey

George Mahaffey

President and Chief Executive Officer

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT TO THE

AMENDED AND RESTATED

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF

NEOTHETICS, INC.

Neothetics, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Corporation”), hereby certifies as follows:

1.The Corporation’s original Certificate of Incorporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on February 1, 2007 under the name Lipothera, Inc,.

2.Article I of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of the Corporation is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:

“The name of the Corporation is Evofem Biosciences, Inc. (hereinafter, the “Corporation”).”

3.The following paragraph is hereby inserted after the first paragraph in Article IV of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation:

“Upon the close of trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market on January 17, 2018 (the “Effective Time”), each six (6) shares of the Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Corporation issued and outstanding or held in treasury at the Effective Time shall be reclassified as and changed into one (1) share of Common Stock, par value

$0.0001 per share, of the Corporation, without any action by the holders thereof. In lieu of any fractional shares to which a holder of shares of Common Stock of the Corporation would be otherwise entitled, the Corporation shall pay in cash, without interest, an amount equal to such fractional interest (after taking into account and aggregating all shares of Common Stock then held by such holder) multiplied by the closing price of the Common Stock as last reported on the NASDAQ Capital Market on the day of the Effective Time (determined on a post-split basis).”

4.The following new paragraph is hereby inserted as Article XV:

“The Corporation shall not be governed by or subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.”

5.This Certificate of Amendment has been duly authorized and adopted by the Corporation’s Board of Directors in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.

(Signature page follows)


						State of Delaware Secretary of State Division of Corporations Delivered 11:17 AM 01/17/2018 FILED 11:17 AM 01/17/2018 SR 20180297165 – File Number 4055778

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Neothetics, Inc. has caused this Certificate of Amendment to be signed by Susan Knudson, a duly authorized officer of the Corporation, on January 17, 2018.

/s/ Susan Knudson

Susan Knudson

Chief Financial Officer

[Signature page to Certificate of Amendment]

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT

AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

EVOFEM BIOSCIENCES, INC.

It is hereby certified that:

FIRST:...................The name of the corporation is Evofem Biosciences, Inc. (the “Corporation”).

SECOND:..............The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended to date, is hereby further amended by striking out the first paragraph of Article IV in its entirety and by substituting in lieu of the following:

...........................................“The total number of shares of all classes of stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 505,000,000 shares, consisting of (a) 500,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”) and (b) 5,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Preferred Stock”).”

THIRD:..................The amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation herein certified has been duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

EXECUTED, effective as of this 15th day of December, 2021.


			EVOFEM BIOSCIENCES, INC.

			By:			/s/ Saundra Pelletier
						Saundra Pelletier President and Chief Executive Officer