fv1
As filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 21,
2010
Registration
No. 333-
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
Form F-1
REGISTRATION
STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF
1933
RDA MICROELECTRONICS,
INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as
specified in its charter)
Not Applicable
(Translation of Registrant’s
name into English)
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Cayman Islands
(State or other jurisdiction
of
incorporation or organization)
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3674
(Primary Standard
Industrial
Classification Code Number)
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Not Applicable
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
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Suite 302, Building 2, 690
Bibo Road
Pudong District, Shanghai,
201203
People’s Republic of
China
(86-21) 5027-1108
(Address, including zip code,
and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s
principal executive offices)
Law Debenture Corporate Services
Inc.
400 Madison Avenue, 4th
Floor
New York, New York
10017
(212) 750-6474
(Name, address, including zip
code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for
service)
Copies to:
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Z. Julie Gao, Esq.
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
c/o 42/F,
Edinburgh Tower
The Landmark
15 Queen’s Road Central
Hong Kong
(852) 3740-4700
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James C. Lin, Esq.
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP
18th Floor, The Hong Kong Club Building
3A Chater Road
Hong Kong
(852) 2533-3300
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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the
public: as soon as practicable after the
effective date of this registration statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be
offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to
Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the
following
box. o
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an
offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act,
please check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same
offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
CALCULATION
OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Title of Each Class of
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Proposed Maximum
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Amount of
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Securities to be Registered
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Aggregate Offering
Price(1)
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Registration Fee
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Ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per
share(2)(3)
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$100,000,000
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$7,130
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(1)
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Estimated solely for the purpose of
determining the amount of registration fee in accordance with
Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933.
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(2)
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Includes ordinary shares initially
offered and sold outside the United States that may be resold
from time to time in the United States either as part of their
distribution or within 40 days after the later of the
effective date of this registration statement and the date the
shares are first bona fide offered to the public, and also
includes ordinary shares that may be purchased by the
underwriters pursuant to an over-allotment option. These
ordinary shares are not being registered for the purpose of
sales outside the United States.
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(3)
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American depositary shares issuable
upon deposit of the ordinary shares registered hereby will be
registered under a separate registration statement on
Form F-6 (Registration
No. 333- ).
Each American depositary share
represents
ordinary shares.
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The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on
such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective
date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this Registration Statement shall
thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a)
of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the
Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as
the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to such
Section 8(a), may determine.
The
information in this prospectus is not complete and may be
changed. We and the selling shareholders may not sell these
securities until the registration statement filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus
is not an offer to sell these securities and neither we nor the
selling shareholders are soliciting offers to buy these
securities in any state where the offer or sale is not
permitted.
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PROSPECTUS
(Subject to Completion)
Issued ,
2010
American Depositary
Shares
RDA Microelectronics,
Inc.
REPRESENTING
ORDINARY SHARES
RDA Microelectronics, Inc. is
offering
American Depositary Shares, or ADSs, and the selling
shareholders are
offering
ADSs. Each ADS
represents
ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share. This is our initial
public offering and no public market exists for our ADSs or our
ordinary shares. We anticipate the initial public offering price
of the ADSs will be between $ and
$ per ADS.
We have applied for listing of our ADSs on the Nasdaq
Global Market under the symbol “RDA.”
Investing in our ADSs involves risks. See “Risk
Factors” beginning on page 10.
PRICE $ AN ADS
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Underwriting
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Proceeds to
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Price to
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Discounts and
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Proceeds to
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Selling
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Public
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Commissions
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Company
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Shareholders
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Per ADS
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$
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$
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$
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$
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Total
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$
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$
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$
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$
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We have granted the underwriters the right to purchase up to
an aggregate
of
additional ADSs to cover over-allotments.
The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities
regulators have not approved or disapproved these securities, or
determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The underwriters expect to deliver the ADSs to purchasers
on ,
2010.
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MORGAN
STANLEY |
CREDIT SUISSE |
CARIS & COMPANY,
INC.
,
2010
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
You should rely only on the information contained in this
prospectus or in any related free-writing prospectus that we
have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the
SEC. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different
information. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy,
the ADSs only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are
permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is
current only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of
the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the
ADSs.
We have not taken any action to permit a public offering of the
ADSs outside the United States or to permit the possession or
distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.
Persons outside the United States who come into possession of
this prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any
restrictions relating to the offering of the ADSs and the
distribution of the prospectus outside the United States.
Until ,
2010 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all
dealers that buy, sell or trade ADSs, whether or not
participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a
prospectus. This is in addition to the obligation of dealers to
deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with
respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by, and
should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed
information and financial statements appearing elsewhere in this
prospectus. In addition to this summary, we urge you to read the
entire prospectus carefully, especially the risks of investing
in our ADSs discussed under “Risk Factors,” before
deciding whether to buy our ADSs.
Our
Business
We are a China-based fabless semiconductor company that designs,
develops, and markets radio-frequency and mixed-signal
semiconductors for a broad range of cellular, broadcast, and
connectivity applications. According to iSuppli Corporation, an
independent research firm, we are the second largest provider of
analog application specific standard products (which include
radio-frequency and mixed-signal semiconductors) for wireless
communications based in Asia Pacific as measured by revenues in
2009. We shipped our first product in 2005, and our diversified
product portfolio currently includes power amplifiers,
transceivers and front-end modules, FM radio receivers,
set-top box
tuners, analog mobile television receivers, walkie-talkie
transceivers, LNB satellite downconverters and Bluetooth
system-on-chip.
Our core competency is the design of highly integrated,
high-performance radio-frequency and mixed-signal
system-on-chip. We have developed our core competency through a
combination of technical know-how, system and application level
knowledge and expertise in mixed-signal integrated circuits
which convert real-world analog signals, such as sound and radio
waves, into digital signals that electronic products can
process. Through internal development and licensing, we have
assembled an extensive library of radio-frequency, mixed-signal,
and digital signal processing building blocks, which enables us
to develop our comprehensive system-level intellectual
property. Our system-level intellectual property includes FM,
Bluetooth, WiFi, GPS, analog mobile television, China multimedia
mobile broadcasting (CMMB), digital audio broadcast (DAB), and
other radio-frequency components including 2G and 3G
transceivers, digital video broadcast-terrestrial (DVB-T) and
digital video broadcast-satellite (DVB-S) tuners, and power
amplifiers. Our technology platform, comprising of all the
above, enables us to improve our design efficiency, increase the
productivity of our engineers and develop new products quickly
to meet customer requirements.
We currently have more than 500 customers, almost all of which
are located in our primary market, China. Since our inception,
over 800 million units of our products have been
incorporated into mobile handsets, set-top boxes, MP3 players
and other wireless and consumer electronic devices and sold in
China, Southeast Asia, India, the Middle East, Africa, Russia,
and Latin America. Our customers include all of the top 10
branded handset manufacturers in China in terms of number of
units sold in the first half of 2010 as measured by iSuppli,
including ZTE Corporation, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., Beijing
Tianyu Communication Equipment Co., Ltd., and TCL Communication
Technology Holdings Limited, and all of the top 20 design houses
in China in terms of number of units sold in the first half of
2010 as measured by iSuppli, including Longcheer Holdings
Limited, Shenzhen Huiye Communications Technologies Co., Ltd.,
Shenzhen Tinno Mobile Technology Co., Ltd. and Wingtech Group.
According to a report we commissioned from iSuppli, which we
refer to as the iSuppli Report, we were the leading supplier of
FM radio receivers and DVB-S satellite tuners, the
second-largest supplier of Bluetooth
system-on-chip
and the third-largest supplier of power amplifiers to Chinese
manufacturers in the six months ended June 30, 2010, each
as measured in terms of units shipped.
We have grown significantly since our inception. We recorded
revenue of $118.4 million and net income of
$11.3 million in 2009, and revenue of $76.2 million
and net income of $8.4 million in the six months ended
June 30, 2010.
Our
Industry
Wireless communications technologies have evolved through
generations of wireless protocols. Most mobile handsets are
based on 2G (including 2.5G and 2.75G) technologies, while the
increasing availability and adoption of 3G services will lead to
greater demand for handsets based on 3G technologies. According
to the iSuppli Report, 2G technology is expected to remain the
dominant standard in emerging markets and will make up 44% of
total mobile handset shipments worldwide in 2014.
1
A parallel industry development has been the increasing
connectivity, computing and multimedia capabilities of mobile
handsets, broadly defined as smartphones or rich feature
handsets, for both 2G and 3G technologies. There is growing
worldwide demand for smartphones due to the sophisticated
computing capabilities, enhanced user interfaces, rich
multimedia experiences, and proliferation of internet-centric
applications of these devices. The creative use of these
features enhances user experience and drives the sale of both 2G
and 3G mobile handsets. The attach rates of these rich features
are growing, and we believe most of these features will
eventually become standard offerings in 2G and 3G mobile
handsets.
As mobile handset designs incorporate more diverse functions and
advanced computing capabilities, manufacturers compete to
include the largest number of functions while minimizing space
requirements and power consumption. This creates two significant
challenges for semiconductor companies. This challenge is
addressed by baseband and application processor companies using
digital semiconductor technologies. The first challenge is how
to use the most advanced process technology to develop powerful
processors that can run increasingly complex software to deliver
sophisticated computing, multimedia and graphics on mobile
handsets. The second challenge lies in integrating multiple
radio-frequency and mixed-signal technologies into complex
wireless system-level products. The design turnaround time,
development cost and technical difficulty of integrating
radio-frequency and mixed-signal technologies are significantly
greater. To effectively address these challenges requires
expertise in both radio-frequency and mixed-signal semiconductor
design.
Chinese domestic branded and “white box” mobile
handset manufacturers have grown significantly and accounted for
31.1% of the 1.3 billion units of mobile handsets shipped
worldwide in 2009, according to the iSuppli Report. “White
box” refers to products sold under a “no-name”
brand or without a brand name. In addition to serving the
domestic market, Chinese mobile handset manufacturers have
significantly increased their exports to other emerging markets.
The iSuppli Report forecasts that shipments by Chinese branded
and white box handset manufacturers will grow from
404 million units in 2009 to 704 million units in
2014, representing a compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, of
11.8%.
Initially, the majority of Chinese mobile handset manufacturers
targeted domestic consumers. As the domestic market in China
developed, branded manufacturers grew in market share relative
to white box manufacturers. At the same time, significant demand
existed in the export markets, primarily in emerging countries,
which has led to further expansion of total mobile handset
shipment volumes by Chinese manufacturers. Exports include both
branded manufacturers in China seeking international business on
a private-label basis with mobile operators and leading brands
in these export markets, as well as white box manufacturers that
sell internationally on a no-name basis.
These developments have led to a dramatic growth in the number
of new mobile handset manufacturers in China and a steep
increase in total mobile handset shipments by these China-based
manufacturers. We believe that the rise of the Chinese branded
and white box manufacturers is a globally disruptive industry
trend. Wireless semiconductor companies compete on significantly
different parameters to address customer needs in this target
market.
Mobile handset manufacturers in China place different demands on
their semiconductor suppliers than do those based elsewhere,
such as: different product cost/performance trade-offs; higher
levels of support; flexible logistic and distribution
arrangements; and accelerated product cycles. For the mobile
handset semiconductor industry, we believe this has created an
advantage for locally based suppliers who are closer to the
customers, better understand the market environment, and can
build their business to address the needs of customers with
these different requirements.
Our
Strengths
We believe that the following competitive strengths contribute
to our success and differentiate us from our competitors:
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Advanced radio-frequency design capabilities;
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Wireless
system-on-chip
technology platform;
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Track record of delivering highly integrated products;
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Broad product portfolio and proven product development ability;
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Local sales, service and engineering advantage; and
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Strong engineering team led by experienced management team.
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Our
Strategies
We intend to build upon our competitive position serving
China’s mobile handset market and leverage our
radio-frequency design expertise to become a leading provider of
semiconductor products in the global cellular, broadcast, and
connectivity markets. While we plan to continue to focus on
mobile handsets, we will also continue to address specialty
markets outside of mobile handsets where highly integrated
single chip solutions can replace discrete components.
We plan to achieve our objective by pursuing the following
strategies:
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Develop highly integrated products;
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Expand our offerings with high-margin products;
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Maintain and expand our customer base;
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Reduce our costs of production;
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Recruit, develop and retain highly productive engineers; and
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Selectively pursue acquisitions.
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Our
Challenges
Our ability to realize our business objectives and execute our
strategies is subject to risks and uncertainties, including the
following:
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Because we do not have long-term commitments from our customers,
we must estimate customer demand, and our ability to accurately
forecast demand for and sales of our products is limited, which
may have a material adverse effect on our inventory levels,
sales, and results of operations.
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If we fail to develop and introduce new products and
enhancements or to manage product transitions, or if our
products do not achieve market acceptance on a timely basis or
at all, our ability to attract and retain customers could be
impaired and our competitive position may be harmed, which could
have a material adverse effect on our revenue and results of
operations.
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The average selling prices of products in our markets have
historically decreased rapidly and will likely do so in the
future, which could result in lower revenue and gross margins.
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If our competitors bundle the sale of or integrate their
products, or if we cannot integrate the features or functions
that our customers demand, or if we are not otherwise able to
compete effectively, we may be unable to increase or maintain
revenue and market share.
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If our customers do not comply with the regulations of the
countries in which they sell their products, they may be unable
to continue to sell their products in those countries and their
demand for our products may decline, which could have a material
adverse effect on our revenue and results of operations.
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Changes in industry standards could limit our ability to sell
our products and force us to write down our inventory.
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We do not expect to sustain our recent rates of growth in
revenue.
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Our limited operating history may not serve as an adequate basis
to assess our future prospects and results of operations.
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Please see “Risk Factors” for these and other risks
and uncertainties that we face.
3
Corporate
Information
Our principal executive offices are located at Suite 302,
Building 2, 690 Bibo Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203,
People’s Republic of China. Our telephone number at this
address is
(86-21)
5027-1108.
Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the
offices of Codan Trust Company (Cayman) Limited, Cricket
Square, Hutchins Drive, P.O. Box 2681, George Town,
Grand Cayman KY1-1111, British West Indies. Our agent for
service of process in the United States is Law Debenture
Corporate Services Inc.
Investors should contact us for any inquiries through the
address and telephone number of our principal executive offices.
Our website is www.rdamicro.com. The information contained on
our website is not a part of this prospectus.
4
The
Offering
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Offering price |
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We currently estimate that the initial public offering price
will be between $ and
$ per ADS. |
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ADSs offered by us |
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ADSs |
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ADSs offered by the selling shareholders
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ADSs
(or
ADSs if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in
full) |
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Ordinary shares outstanding immediately after this offering
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shares |
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ADSs outstanding immediately after this offering
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ADSs
(or
ADSs if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in
full) |
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The ADSs
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Each ADS
represents
ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share. |
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The depositary will hold the ordinary shares underlying your
ADSs. You will have rights as provided in the deposit agreement. |
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If we declare dividends on our ordinary shares, the depositary
will pay you the cash dividends and other distributions it
receives on our ordinary shares, after deducting its fees and
expenses in accordance with the terms set forth in the deposit
agreement. |
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You may turn in your ADSs to the depositary in exchange for
ordinary shares. The depositary will charge you fees for any
exchange. |
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We may amend or terminate the deposit agreement without your
consent. If you continue to hold your ADSs, you agree to be
bound by the deposit agreement as amended. |
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To better understand the terms of the ADSs, you should carefully
read the “Description of American Depositary Shares”
section of this prospectus. You should also read the deposit
agreement, which is filed as an exhibit to the registration
statement that includes this prospectus. |
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Over-allotment option
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We have granted to the underwriters an option, which is
exercisable within 30 days from the date of this
prospectus, to purchase up to an
additional
ADSs. |
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Use of proceeds
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We plan to use the net proceeds we receive from this offering
for working capital and other general corporate purposes,
including to finance our growth, develop new products, and fund
capital expenditures. See “Use of Proceeds” for
additional information. |
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We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of ADSs by
the selling shareholders. |
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Lock-up
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We and our directors, executive officers and shareholders have
agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not
to sell, transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any of
our ADSs or ordinary shares or securities convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for our ADSs or ordinary shares for
a period of 180 days following the date of this prospectus.
See “Underwriting” for more information. |
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Reserved ADSs
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At our request, the underwriters have reserved up to an
aggregate
of ADSs
for sale at the initial public offering price to our directors,
officers, employees, business associates and related persons
through a directed share program. |
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Proposed Nasdaq Symbol
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We have applied to have the ADSs listed on the Nasdaq Global
Market under the symbol “RDA.” Our ADSs and ordinary
shares will not be listed on any other stock exchange or traded
on any automated quotation system. |
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Payment and settlement
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The underwriters expect to deliver the ADSs against payment
therefor through the facilities of the Depository
Trust Company
on ,
2010. |
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Depositary
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Citibank, N.A. |
The ordinary
shares outstanding immediately after this offering:
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assumes conversion of all outstanding Series A,
Series B and Series C convertible redeemable preferred
shares into 157,629,642 ordinary shares immediately prior to the
completion of this offering;
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assumes no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment
option;
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excludes 16,984,871 ordinary shares issuable upon the
exercise of options outstanding as of the date of this
prospectus at a weighted average exercise price of
$0.1844 per share, 5,816,402 ordinary shares issuable
pursuant to our restricted share unit grants and
794,213 restricted shares outstanding as of the date of
this prospectus; and
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excludes 23,505,452 ordinary shares reserved for future
issuances under our share incentive plans.
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6
Our
Summary Consolidated Financial and Operating Data
The following summary consolidated statement of operations data
for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 and
the summary balance sheet data as of December 31, 2008 and
2009 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial
statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following
summary consolidated statement of operations data for the six
months ended June 30, 2009 and 2010 and the following
summary consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2010
have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial
statements, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus and
have been prepared on the same basis as our audited consolidated
financial data. The unaudited summary financial data include, in
the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of only
normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair
presentation of the financial position and the results of
operations for the interim unaudited periods. Our consolidated
financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles in the United
States, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results for any period
are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any
future period. You should read the following summary financial
information in conjunction with the consolidated financial
statements and related notes and the information under
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in
this prospectus.
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For the Year Ended
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For the Six Months Ended
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December 31,
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June 30,
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2007
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2008
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2009
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2009
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2010
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(in thousands, except for share, per share and per ADS
data)
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Summary Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
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Revenue
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$
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13,664
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$
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55,500
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$
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118,373
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$
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45,883
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$
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76,191
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Cost of revenue
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(8,819
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(37,555
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(87,410
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)
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(33,730
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(55,286
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Gross profit
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4,845
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17,945
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30,963
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12,153
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20,905
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Operating expenses:
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Research and development
expenses(1)
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(7,071
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(13,198
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(14,475
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(7,015
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(8,259
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Selling, general and administrative
expenses(1)
|
|
|
(2,108
|
)
|
|
|
(4,518
|
)
|
|
|
(4,649
|
)
|
|
|
(1,947
|
)
|
|
|
(3,014
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
(9,179
|
)
|
|
|
(17,716
|
)
|
|
|
(19,124
|
)
|
|
|
(8,962
|
)
|
|
|
(11,273
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from operations
|
|
|
(4,334
|
)
|
|
|
229
|
|
|
|
11,839
|
|
|
|
3,191
|
|
|
|
9,632
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before income tax expense
|
|
|
(4,346
|
)
|
|
|
203
|
|
|
|
11,683
|
|
|
|
3,055
|
|
|
|
9,646
|
|
Income tax benefit (expense)
|
|
|
(155
|
)
|
|
|
454
|
|
|
|
(377
|
)
|
|
|
(76
|
)
|
|
|
(1,273
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
(4,501
|
)
|
|
$
|
657
|
|
|
$
|
11,306
|
|
|
$
|
2,979
|
|
|
$
|
8,373
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accretion/deemed dividend on convertible redeemable preferred
shares
|
|
|
(1,348
|
)
|
|
|
(2,179
|
)
|
|
|
(9,479
|
)
|
|
|
(2,603
|
)
|
|
|
(6,562
|
)
|
Net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders
|
|
$
|
(5,849
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,522
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,827
|
|
|
$
|
376
|
|
|
$
|
1,811
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in per share
calculations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
38,671,413
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
51,471,454
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
58,901,016
|
|
|
|
48,964,267
|
|
|
|
66,043,660
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2009
|
|
2009
|
|
2010
|
|
|
(in thousands, except for share, per share and per ADS
data)
|
|
Earnings (loss) per ordinary share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
(0.16
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.05
|
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.16
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
Earnings (loss) per
ADS(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes: (1)
|
|
Share-based compensation was
allocated in operating expenses as follows (in thousands of $):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,739
|
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
|
252
|
|
|
|
286
|
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
999
|
|
|
|
310
|
|
|
|
139
|
|
|
|
164
|
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
|
Each ADS
represents
ordinary shares.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six
|
|
|
Months Ended
|
|
|
June 30
|
|
|
2010
|
|
Other Financial Data:
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in pro forma per
share calculations (unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
209,101,096
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
223,673,302
|
|
Pro forma earnings per ordinary share
(unaudited)(1)
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
Pro forma earnings per ADS
(unaudited)(1)(2)
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes: (1)
|
|
The unaudited pro forma earnings
per share and per ADS give effect to the conversion of all of
our outstanding Series A, Series B and Series C
convertible redeemable preferred shares into 157,629,642
ordinary shares as of January 1, 2010.
|
(2)
|
|
Each ADS
represents
ordinary shares.
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31,
|
|
As of June 30,
|
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2009
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro Forma
|
|
|
Actual
|
|
Actual
|
|
Actual
|
|
Actual
|
|
As
Adjusted(1)
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
Summary Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
8,018
|
|
|
$
|
13,170
|
|
|
$
|
24,638
|
|
|
$
|
21,394
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
3,207
|
|
|
|
4,894
|
|
|
|
4,603
|
|
|
|
9,053
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories
|
|
|
4,026
|
|
|
|
8,082
|
|
|
|
25,403
|
|
|
|
29,943
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
17,157
|
|
|
|
28,674
|
|
|
|
60,271
|
|
|
|
76,132
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
2,322
|
|
|
|
7,609
|
|
|
|
20,183
|
|
|
|
19,499
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
7,227
|
|
|
|
13,976
|
|
|
|
33,291
|
|
|
|
35,638
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible redeemable preferred shares:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A
|
|
|
11,974
|
|
|
|
12,880
|
|
|
|
12,880
|
|
|
|
12,880
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series B
|
|
|
5,886
|
|
|
|
6,281
|
|
|
|
6,281
|
|
|
|
6,281
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series C
|
|
|
10,703
|
|
|
|
11,157
|
|
|
|
11,157
|
|
|
|
11,157
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders’
equity/(deficit)(2)
|
|
|
(18,633
|
)
|
|
|
(15,620
|
)
|
|
|
(3,338
|
)
|
|
|
10,176
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes: (1)
|
|
The unaudited consolidated balance
sheet data as of June 30, 2010 are adjusted to give effect
to (i) the automatic conversion of all of our outstanding
Series A, Series B and Series C convertible
redeemable preferred shares into 157,629,642 ordinary shares
immediately upon the completion of this offering and
(ii) the sale
of
ordinary shares in the form of ADSs by us in this offering at an
assumed initial public offering price of
$ per ADS, the mid-point of the
estimated range of the initial public offering price shown on
the front cover of this prospectus, after deducting the
underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering
expenses payable by us.
|
(2)
|
|
Assuming the number of ADSs offered
by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus remains
the same, and after deduction of underwriting discounts and
commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us, a
$1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public
offering price of $ per ADS
would increase (decrease) total shareholders’ equity by
$ million.
|
9
RISK
FACTORS
An investment in our ADSs involves significant risks. You
should carefully consider all of the information in this
prospectus, including the risks and uncertainties described
below, before making an investment in our ADSs. Any of the
following risks could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of operations. In any
such case, the market price of our ADSs could decline, and you
may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks
Related to Our Business
Because
we do not have long-term commitments from our customers, we must
estimate customer demand, and our ability to accurately forecast
demand for and sales of our products is limited, which may have
a material adverse effect on our inventory levels, sales and
results of operations.
We typically sell products pursuant to purchase orders and do
not have long-term purchase commitments. Customers generally
expect our products to ship within days after they place an
order. We have limited visibility as to the volume of our
products that our customers will sell to their customers or
carry in their inventory and cannot accurately predict what or
how many products our customers will need in the future.
Anticipating demand is difficult because our customers face
volatile pricing and unpredictable demand for their own
products. We typically have to place orders with foundries eight
or more weeks before we can receive the finished products, and
we generally maintain four weeks’ inventories. Our
forecasts are based on multiple assumptions, each of which may
introduce error into our estimates. If we overestimate customer
demand, we may order products that we may not be able to sell
and be left with excess inventory, which would reduce our gross
margins and adversely affect our financial results. Conversely,
if we underestimate customer demand or if insufficient
manufacturing capacity is available, we would forgo revenue
opportunities and potentially lose market share and damage our
customer relationships. For example, in the fourth quarter of
2008, due to the global financial crisis, we were relatively
cautious in our forecast for the first quarter of 2009, and when
orders exceeded our expectations starting from January 2009, we
were unable to secure all of the foundry capacity necessary for
us to fulfill customer orders. As a result, we had to forego
some sales. In the fourth quarter of 2009, as we had
overestimated the demand for our analog mobile television
receiver, which was a newly launched product, we wrote down our
excess inventory and recorded a loss for non-cancelable purchase
commitments in an aggregate of $1.9 million.
If we
fail to develop and introduce new products and enhancements or
to manage product transitions, or if our products do not achieve
market acceptance on a timely basis or at all, our ability to
attract and retain customers could be impaired and our
competitive position may be harmed, which could have a material
adverse effect on our revenue and results of
operations.
The markets for semiconductors generally, and for
radio-frequency and mixed-signal semiconductors in particular,
are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving
industry standards, rapid changes in customer requirements and
frequent product introductions. We must continually design,
develop and introduce new products with improved features in a
cost-effective manner to be competitive, which requires us to
devote substantial financial and other resources to research and
development. Our research and development expense was
$7.1 million in 2007, $13.2 million in 2008 and
$14.5 million in 2009, representing 77.0%, 74.5%, and 75.7%
of our operating expenses during those three periods,
respectively, and $8.3 million in the six months ended
June 30, 2010, representing 73.3% of our operating expenses
for that period. If we do not continue to make substantial
investments in research and development, we may not remain
competitive. Our strategies to reduce our costs through the
development of products utilizing our integrated passive device
(IPD) technology and the migration to more advanced process
technologies will necessitate substantial investments in
research and development. However, if our investments in
research and development do not result in new products and
enhancements that meet customer needs in a timely manner, or at
all, our results of operations and financial condition may be
materially adversely affected.
Our current and future products may not achieve market
acceptance or adequately address the changing needs of the
market, and we may not be successful in developing and marketing
new products or enhancements to our existing products on a
timely and cost-effective basis. The introduction of products
incorporating new technologies,
10
the emergence of new industry standards or changes in customer
requirements could render our existing products obsolete and
unmarketable. Inventory is particularly susceptible to
obsolescence in our industry due to the rapid pace of
innovation. For example, one of our competitors introduced a new
model of FM radio receiver in 2008 and cut the prices of its
existing model, and we reduced the price of our FM radio
receiver as a result. Similarly, our analog mobile television
receiver did not achieve wide market acceptance when it was
initially introduced, which also led to our cutting its price
and writing down inventory. In addition, if we or our customers
are unable to manage product transitions in a timely and
cost-effective manner, our business and results of operations
will suffer.
The development of our products is highly complex. Occasionally,
we have experienced delays in completing the development and
introduction of new products and product enhancements, and we
could experience delays in the future. Unanticipated problems in
developing products could also divert substantial research and
development and engineering resources, which may impair our
ability to develop new products and enhancements and could
substantially increase our costs. Even if we introduce new and
enhanced products to the market, we may not be able to achieve
market acceptance of these products in a timely manner or at all.
The
average selling prices of products in our markets have
historically decreased rapidly and will likely continue to do so
in the future, which could result in lower revenue and gross
margins.
The products we develop and sell are subject to rapid declines
in average selling prices over the life of the products.
Competitors quickly introduce new products to compete with our
products, and sometimes competitors will anticipate our entry
into a market and start to lower the prices on their products
before our entry. We have historically decreased the average
selling prices of many of our products in order to meet market
demand and under competitive pressures, and we expect that we
will need to continue to reduce prices in the future to remain
competitive. For example, the average selling price for our
Bluetooth
system-on-chip
declined suddenly after a competitor aggressively cut the prices
for its integrated baseband and Bluetooth product in the second
half of 2009, which adversely affected our gross margin for 2009
and the first half of 2010. Similarly, the average selling price
for our analog mobile television receiver declined more rapidly
than we had expected in the first half of 2010 as more companies
introduced competing products and market acceptance was not as
strong as expected. Because we do not operate our own
manufacturing, testing, or packaging facilities, we may not be
able to reduce our cost of goods sold as rapidly as companies
that operate their own facilities, and our costs may increase,
which would reduce our margins. Our financial results will
suffer if we are unable to offset any future reductions in our
average selling prices by increasing our unit sales volumes,
reducing our per unit costs, or developing new or enhanced
products on a timely basis with higher selling prices or gross
profit. While gross profit may decline as a result of reductions
in average selling prices, we may continue to incur research and
development costs at higher or existing levels to develop new
products. Such continued spending would have an adverse impact
on our results of operations if our revenue does not continue to
grow or our gross margins decline. We expect to continue to face
price pressure on our products, and there is no assurance that
our gross margins will not continue to decline in the future.
If our
competitors bundle the sale of or integrate their products, or
if we cannot integrate the features or functions that our
customers demand, or if we are not otherwise able to compete
effectively, we may be unable to increase or maintain revenue
and market share.
We may not be able to compete successfully against current or
potential competitors. Some of our competitors with multiple
product lines bundle the sale of or integrate their products,
which may allow them to price competing products more
aggressively or increase their market share. For example, a
competitor aggressively cut the prices for its integrated
baseband and Bluetooth product in the second half of 2009, which
caused the average selling price for our Bluetooth
system-on-chip
to decline suddenly. Some of our competitors may design their
products to make it more difficult for customers to use products
from third parties such as us. We expect that semiconductors
will become increasingly highly integrated, and if we cannot
provide semiconductors that integrate the features or functions
that our customers demand, we may be unable to compete
effectively. In addition, some of our larger competitors may be
able to provide greater incentives to customers through rebates
and similar programs, which may make it difficult for us to gain
or maintain market share. Furthermore, we compete with large
semiconductor companies who offer a wide range of stand-alone
and integrated semiconductor solutions in our markets and with
companies that compete with us in one particular product or
product family. As we enter new markets, we may face
11
new competitors. Many of our current and potential competitors
have longer operating histories and significantly greater
financial, manufacturing, technical, marketing, sales and other
resources than we do. This may allow them to respond more
quickly than us to new or emerging technologies or changes in
industry standards or customer requirements. In addition, these
competitors may have greater credibility with our existing and
potential customers. If we cannot compete effectively, we may be
unable to increase or maintain revenue and market share.
If our
customers do not comply with the regulations of the countries in
which they sell their products, they may be unable to continue
to sell their products in those countries and their demand for
our products may decline, which could have a material adverse
effect on our revenue and results of operations.
Our customers sell products in many different countries in the
world. We cannot assure you that our customers have complied or
will comply with regulatory requirements in all the countries in
which they sell their products, and if such countries promulgate
new regulations or more stringently enforce existing
regulations, some of our customers may be unable to continue to
sell their products in those countries. For example, in June
2009, the government of India announced that it was banning the
import of mobile phones that lacked a valid international mobile
equipment identity (IMEI) number, a unique
15-digit
code that identifies a mobile phone. Some handset manufacturers,
particularly “white box” manufacturers, have sold
handsets without obtaining valid IMEI numbers or otherwise
complying with all the regulatory requirements in the countries
in which their handsets are sold, including India. If our
customers, many of whom are “white box” manufacturers,
are unable to continue to sell their products, demand for our
products may decline, which could have a material adverse effect
on our revenue and results of operations. Similarly, when the
PRC government announced in December 2009 that it would require
satellite television set-top boxes to meet conditional access
system standards beginning in January 2010, our customers’
products that did not meet those standards were rendered
obsolete. The resulting decline in demand for our
customers’ set-top boxes in turn led to a drop in demand
for our
DVB-S
satellite tuners and adversely affected our revenues and gross
margin. In 2010, the Chinese government cracked down on certain
Chinese handset manufacturers for not paying applicable import
duties and for installing malware on their handsets, which
disrupted production by these manufacturers and caused a
slowdown in mobile phone shipments in June 2010, which in turn
affected demand for our products.
Changes
in industry standards could limit our ability to sell our
products and force us to write down our inventory.
The markets for semiconductors are characterized by rapidly
evolving industry standards. We must continuously develop new
products or upgrade our existing products to keep pace with
these evolving standards. Changes in industry standards, or the
development of new industry standards, may make our products
obsolete.
Our products comprise only a part of an electronic device. All
components of these devices must uniformly comply with industry
standards in order to operate efficiently together. We depend on
companies that provide other components of the devices to
support prevailing industry standards. Many of these companies
are significantly larger and more influential in driving
industry standards than we are. Some industry standards may not
be widely adopted or implemented uniformly, and competing
standards may emerge that may be preferred by our customers or
end users. If larger companies do not support the same industry
standards that we do, or if competing standards emerge, market
acceptance of our products could be adversely affected, which
would harm our business.
Where standards are controlled by the government, as in the PRC,
changes in those standards can be difficult to predict, and they
may be implemented without much advance notice, as when the PRC
government announced in December 2009 that it would require
satellite television set-top boxes to meet conditional access
system standards beginning in January 2010. Even when standards
will be phased out after considerable advance notice, however,
the effect on demand for products that utilize those standards
can be immediate. For example, after the PRC government
announced in January 2009 that PRC operators would terminate
personal handy-phone system (PHS) networking services by 2011,
demand for PHS products dropped significantly in a short period
of time, and we wrote down $0.8 million of PHS inventory in
2009 as a result.
Because it is not practicable to develop products that comply
with all current standards and new standards that may be adopted
in the future, our ability to compete effectively will depend on
our ability to select industry
12
standards that will be widely adopted by the market and to
design our products to support those relevant industry
standards. We may be required to invest significant effort and
to incur significant expense to redesign our products to address
relevant standards, and we may lose market share if we do not
redesign our products quickly enough. If our products do not
meet relevant industry standards that are widely adopted for a
significant period of time, our results of operations, business,
and prospects would be adversely affected.
We do
not expect to sustain our recent rates of growth in
revenue.
We have experienced significant growth in revenue in a short
period of time. Our revenue increased from $13.7 million in
2007 to $55.5 million in 2008 and $118.4 million in
2009, and we recorded revenues of $76.2 million for the six
months ended June 30, 2010. We may not achieve similar
rates of growth in revenue in future periods. You should not
rely on our results of operations for any prior quarterly or
annual periods as an indication of our future operating
performance. If we are unable to maintain adequate revenue
growth, our results of operations could suffer and the trading
price of our ADSs could decline. Although we were profitable for
2009 and the six months ended June 30, 2010, we cannot
assure you that our results of operations will not be adversely
affected in any future period.
Our
limited operating history may not serve as an adequate basis to
assess our future prospects and results of
operations.
We have a limited operating history. We were founded in 2004 and
our senior management and key employees have worked together at
our company for only a few years. Our limited operating history
makes the prediction of our future results of operations
difficult, and therefore, past results of operations achieved by
us should not be taken as indicative of the rate of growth, if
any, that can be expected in the future. Our business model,
technology and ability to achieve satisfactory financial results
are unproven. As a result, you should consider our future
prospects in light of the risks and uncertainties experienced by
early stage companies in a rapidly evolving and increasingly
competitive market in China.
If we
are unable to manage our growth effectively, our business and
financial results may be adversely affected.
We have experienced a period of rapid growth and expansion that
has placed, and continues to place, significant strain on our
management and resources. To accommodate our growth, we
anticipate that we will need to implement a variety of new and
upgraded operational and financial systems, procedures and
controls, including the improvement of our accounting and other
internal management systems, all of which require substantial
management efforts. We also will need to continue to expand,
train, manage and motivate our workforce and manage our
relationships with customers, foundries, distributors, and
testing and packaging vendors. All of these endeavors will
require substantial management efforts and skills and require
significant additional expenditures. We cannot assure you that
we will be able to manage our growth effectively, and any
failure to do so may have a material adverse effect on our
business and financial results.
We
depend on independent foundries to manufacture our products, and
any failure to obtain sufficient foundry capacity could
significantly delay our ability to ship our products and damage
our customer relationships.
Access to foundry capacity is critical to our business because
we are a fabless semiconductor company. We depend on a number of
independent foundries to manufacture our semiconductor wafers,
including Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited
(TSMC) in Taiwan, Semiconductor Manufacturing International
Corporation (SMIC) in China, GlobalFoundries in Singapore and
IBM in the United States for our CMOS products and WIN
Semiconductors in Taiwan and TriQuint in the United States for
our gallium arsenide products.
Because we outsource our manufacturing, we face several
significant risks, including:
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constraints in or unavailability of manufacturing capacity;
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limited control over delivery schedules, quality assurance and
control, manufacturing yields and production costs; and
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the unavailability of, or potential delays in obtaining access
to, key process technologies.
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For example, we were unable to secure enough manufacturing
capacity for many of our products during the first six months of
2009. We had reduced our inventory levels in the fourth quarter
of 2008 due to the uncertainty from the global financial crisis,
and when there was an increase in customer orders in first six
months of 2009, competition for foundry capacity from other
fabless semiconductor companies prevented us from obtaining the
manufacturing capacity that we needed. The shortage in
manufacturing capacity caused delays in the shipment of our
products, and some of our customers cancelled their orders as a
result.
The ability of foundries to provide us with semiconductor wafers
is limited at any given time by their available capacity. We do
not have a guaranteed level of manufacturing capacity with
foundries and it is generally difficult to accurately forecast
our capacity needs. We do not have a long-term agreement with
foundries and we place our orders on a purchase order basis. As
a result, if foundries raise their prices or are not able to
meet our required capacity for various reasons, including
natural disasters or shortages or delays in shipment of
semiconductor equipment or materials used by foundries to
manufacture our semiconductors, or if our business relationship
with any of the foundries we currently use deteriorates, we may
not be able to obtain the required capacity from it and would
have to seek alternative foundries, which may not be available
on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. For gallium
arsenide products such as our power amplifiers, WIN
Semiconductors and TriQuint are currently the only two foundries
that are able to meet our needs, and alternatives are unlikely
to be available.
Qualifying new foundries, if such are available, exposes us to
additional risks. Using foundries with which we have no
established relationships could expose us to potentially
unfavorable pricing, unsatisfactory quality or insufficient
capacity allocation. We place our orders on the basis of our
customers’ purchase orders and sales forecasts; however,
foundries can allocate capacity to the production of other
companies’ products and reduce deliveries to us on short
notice. It is possible that certain customers of the foundries
we use may be larger than we are, or that have long-term
agreements with such foundries, and as a result may receive
preferential treatment from the foundries in terms of price,
capacity allocation and payment terms. Reallocation of capacity
by foundries to its other customers could impair our ability to
secure the supply of semiconductors that we need, which could
significantly delay our ability to ship our products, reduce our
revenue, and damage our customer relationships. In addition, if
we do not accurately forecast our capacity needs, foundries may
not have available capacity to meet our immediate needs or we
may be required to pay higher costs to fulfill those needs,
either of which could adversely affect our business, results of
operations or financial condition.
If our
third-party foundries do not achieve satisfactory yields or
quality, our relationships with our customers and our reputation
will be harmed.
The manufacturing of semiconductor wafers is a complex and
technically demanding process. The foundries we use have from
time to time experienced manufacturing defects and reduced
manufacturing yields. Changes in manufacturing processes or the
inadvertent use of defective or contaminated materials by the
foundries we use could result in lower than anticipated
manufacturing yields or unacceptable performance. Many of these
problems are difficult to detect at an early stage of the
manufacturing process and may be time consuming and expensive to
correct. Poor yields from the foundries we use could lead to
defects, integration issues, or other performance problems in
our products, which could cause us significant customer
relations and business reputation problems, harm our financial
results, and result in financial or other damage to our
customers. Our customers could also seek damages from us for
their losses, which would harm our reputation and our
relationships with our customers.
We may
experience difficulties in transitioning to smaller geometry
process technologies, which may result in reduced manufacturing
yields, delays in product deliveries and increased
expenses.
To reduce our cost of revenues and improve our gross margin, we
expect to continue to transition our semiconductor products to
increasingly smaller line width geometries. This transition
requires us to redesign some of our products. We periodically
evaluate the benefits, on a
product-by-product
basis, of migrating to smaller geometry process technologies to
reduce our costs. We have begun to migrate from 130 nanometer to
110 nanometer geometry processes and are developing
Bluetooth and other products to be manufactured using
55 nanometer processes in 2011. Shifting to smaller
geometry process technologies or new manufacturing processes may
result in reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product
deliveries and increased expenses, particularly higher mask and
prototyping costs as well as additional expenditures for
engineering design tools and related computer hardware.
14
We are dependent on our relationships with third-party foundries
to transition to smaller geometry processes successfully. We
cannot assure you that the foundries that we use will be able to
effectively manage the transition in a timely manner, or at all,
or that we will be able to maintain our existing foundry
relationships or develop new ones. If we or any of our
third-party foundries experience significant delays in this
transition or fail to efficiently implement this transition, we
could experience reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product
deliveries and increased expenses, all of which could harm our
relationships with our customers and our results of operations.
The
loss of the services of our independent testing, and packaging
vendors could significantly disrupt our shipments, harm our
customer relationships and reduce our sales.
We use a number of different independent vendors to carry out
testing, and packaging functions, including United Test and
Assembly Center Ltd (UTAC), Advanced Semiconductor Engineering,
Inc. (ASE), Unisem (M) Bhd, Sigurd Microelectronics Co.,
and Carsem (M) Sdn Bhd. We do not directly control our product
delivery schedules or quality assurance and control. They also
test and package products for other companies, including our
competitors. We do not have long-term agreements with
independent testing and packaging vendors that guarantee us
access to capacity. We typically procure services from our
vendors on a per-order basis. Since we do not have long-term
agreements with the independent testing and packaging vendors
that we use, they may give priority to orders from other
customers when demand for their service is high. If any of our
vendors experiences capacity constraints or financial
difficulties, raises its prices, suffers any damage to its
facilities, is acquired and restructures its business or
terminates its relationship with us, or if there is any other
disruption of testing and packaging capacity, we may have to
seek alternative services, which may not be available on
commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or which may expose us
to risks associated with qualifying new vendors. We currently
estimate that it would take us three to six months to locate and
qualify a new testing and packaging vendor. Because of the
amount of time that it takes us to qualify third-party testing
and packaging vendors, we could experience significant delays in
product shipments if we are required to find alternative vendors
for our products on short notice. In addition, we may be
required to pay higher testing and packaging costs. Any problems
that we may encounter with the delivery or quality of our
products could damage our reputation, cause us to lose
customers, and adversely affect our business and financial
results.
Our
business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our
executive officers and key employees, and our business may be
severely disrupted if we lose their services.
Our future success depends substantially on the continued
efforts of our executive officers and key employees, especially
Mr. Vincent Tai, our co-founder and chief executive
officer, and Mr. Shuran Wei, our co-founder and chief
technology officer. If one or more of our executive officers or
key employees were unable or unwilling to continue in their
present positions, we may not be able to replace them easily, in
a timely manner, or at all. Our business may be severely
disrupted, our financial conditions and results of operations
may be materially and adversely affected and we may incur
additional expenses to recruit, train and retain personnel. If
any of our executive officers or key employees joins a
competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers,
suppliers, know-how and key professionals and staff members.
Each of our executive officers and key employees has entered
into an employment agreement with us, which contains non-compete
provisions. However, if any dispute arises between our executive
officers and us, we cannot assure you that we would be able to
enforce these non-compete provisions in China, where these
executive officers reside, in light of uncertainties with
China’s legal system. See “— Risks Relating to
Doing Business in China — Uncertainties in the
interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations
could limit the legal protections available to you and us.”
If we
are unable to attract, train and retain qualified personnel, our
business may be materially and adversely affected.
Our future success depends, to a significant extent, on our
ability to attract, train and retain qualified personnel,
particularly technical personnel with expertise in the
radio-frequency and mixed-signal semiconductor industry. Since
our industry is characterized by high demand and intense
competition for talent, there can be no assurance that we will
be able to attract or retain qualified technical staff or other
highly-skilled employees that we will need to achieve our
strategic objectives. As we are still a relatively young
company, our ability to train and integrate new
15
employees into our operations may not meet the growing demands
of our business. If we are unable to attract, train, and retain
qualified personnel, our business may be materially and
adversely affected.
Our
existing shareholders have substantial influence over our
company and their interests may not be aligned with the
interests of our other shareholders.
Currently, entities affiliated with Warburg Pincus beneficially
own approximately 68% of our outstanding share capital. Upon the
completion of this offering, Warburg Pincus will beneficially
own an aggregate of % of our
outstanding share capital. As a result, Warburg Pincus has
substantial influence over our business, including decisions
regarding mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or
substantially all of our assets, election of directors and other
significant corporate actions. Warburg Pincus may take actions
that are not in the best interest of us or our other
shareholders. This concentration of ownership may discourage,
delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could
deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium
for their shares as part of a sale of our company and might
reduce the price of our ADSs. These actions may be taken even if
they are opposed by our other shareholders, including those who
purchase ADSs in this offering. For more information regarding
our principal shareholders and their affiliated entities, see
“Principal and Selling Shareholders.”
In addition, we are a “controlled company” as defined
under Nasdaq Global Market rules because Warburg Pincus
beneficially owns more than 50% of our outstanding ordinary
shares. For so long as we remain a controlled company under that
definition, we are permitted to elect to rely on certain
exemptions from corporate governance rules:
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an exemption from the rule that a majority of our board of
directors must be independent directors;
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an exemption from the rule that the compensation of our chief
executive officer must be determined or recommended solely by
independent directors; and
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an exemption from the rule that our director nominees must be
selected or recommended solely by independent directors.
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As a result, our independent directors may not have as much
influence over our corporate policy as they would if we were not
a controlled company.
Our
products are becoming more complex and defects or errors in our
products could result in unexpected expenses or loss of
customers, adversely affecting our results of operations and
market share.
Highly complex products such as our radio-frequency and
mixed-signal semiconductors and the related reference designs we
provide to our customers may contain defects and errors when
they are first introduced or as new versions are released. We
have experienced these defects and errors from time to time in
the past, and may again in the future. If any of these problems
are not found until after we have commenced volume production of
a new product, we may be required to incur additional
development costs and product recall, repair and replacement
costs. If any of our products sold to customers have
reliability, quality, or compatibility problems, we may be
unable to correct these problems in a manner satisfactory to our
customers, if we are able to correct these problems at all. As
our products become more complex, we face higher risk of
undetected defects. Any errors or defects in our products, or
the perception that there may be errors or defects in our
products, could result in customers rejecting our products,
damage to our reputation, lost revenue, diversion of development
resources, and increases in customer service and support costs
and other expenses. A product liability claim brought against
us, even if unsuccessful, would likely be time consuming and
costly to defend. In addition, defects in our existing or new
products could result in significant support, repair or
replacement costs, and divert the attention of our engineering
personnel from our product development efforts.
Our
gallium arsenide semiconductors may cease to be competitive with
CMOS-based
alternatives.
As a significant part of our product portfolio, we design and
sell gallium arsenide semiconductor devices and components,
principally power amplifiers and switches. The production of
gallium arsenide semiconductors is more costly than the
production of ones that use “complementary metal oxide
semiconductor” (CMOS) technology. Some of our competitors
offer or are currently developing CMOS-based power amplifiers.
If we do not continue to
16
offer products that provide sufficiently superior performance to
justify the cost differential, our results of operations may be
materially and adversely affected. We expect the costs of
producing gallium arsenide devices will continue to exceed the
costs of producing their
CMOS-based
counterparts.
CMOS-based
semiconductor technologies are widely used process technologies
for certain semiconductors and these technologies continue to
improve in performance. We may not continue to identify products
and markets that require performance attributes of gallium
arsenide solutions.
We
will have difficulty selling our products if customers do not
design our products into their product offerings.
Our products are not sold directly to the end-users, but are
components or subsystems of other products. Our products are
generally incorporated into our customers’ products at the
design stage. As a result, we rely on our customers to select
our products from among alternative offerings to be designed
into the products they sell. If they do not include our products
in their designs, we will have difficulty selling our products.
Even after a customer designs our products into the products it
sells, the customer is not obligated to purchase our products
and can choose at any time to reduce or discontinue their use of
our products, for example if its own products are not
commercially successful, or for any other reason. In addition,
we often incur significant expenditures on the development of a
new product without any assurance that our product will be
designed into our customers’ products. Once a customer
designs a competitor’s product into its product offering,
it becomes significantly more difficult for us to sell our
products to that customer because changing suppliers involves
significant cost, time, effort and risk for the customer. Our
customers may not continue to design our products into their
products or we might not be able to convert any such design into
actual sales, either of which could materially and adversely
affect our results of operations.
Third
parties may claim that we are infringing their intellectual
property, and we could suffer significant litigation expenses or
licensing expenses or be prevented from selling certain of our
products if these claims are successful.
In the ordinary course of our business, we may receive claims of
infringement or otherwise become aware of potentially relevant
patents or other intellectual property rights held by other
parties. The semiconductor industry is characterized by vigorous
protection and pursuit of intellectual property rights, which
has resulted in protracted and expensive litigation for many
companies. We may be unaware of intellectual property rights of
others that may cover some of our technology, products and
services. Third parties may claim that we or our customers are
infringing or contributing to the infringement of their
intellectual property rights. We or our customers may be
required to obtain licenses for such patents and if we need to
license any such patents, we could be required to pay royalties
on certain of our products. There can be no assurances that if
we are required to obtain patent licenses to develop and sell
our products, we will be able to obtain such patent licenses on
commercially reasonable terms or at all, or if our customers are
required to obtain such patent licenses, our customers’
businesses will not be adversely affected. Our inability to
obtain these patent licenses on commercially reasonable terms or
at all could have a material adverse impact on our business,
results of operations, financial condition or prospects.
We have in the past received several claims that we have
infringed on the intellectual property rights of other parties.
Such other parties may bring lawsuits against us if we refuse to
settle with them. Skyworks Solutions, Inc., a semiconductor
company, has filed two lawsuits against us in the Beijing
No. 1 Intermediate People’s Court claiming that we
infringe two of their patents filed in China relating to the
packaging of certain semiconductors. We believe that we have not
infringed any valid claims of either of the two patents and we
are prepared to contest their claims vigorously. We do not
believe the outcome of the lawsuits would have a material
adverse effect on our business or financial condition, as the
total damages claimed in the two lawsuits amount to
RMB2 million (approximately US$0.3 million) and the
claims only specify one product, which is an older product that
we no longer produce. However, we cannot assure you that we
would prevail in this lawsuit or in any other lawsuit, or
amendment to this lawsuit, that may be brought against us in the
future or that such lawsuits may not be material.
Any litigation regarding patents or other intellectual property
could be costly and time consuming and could divert our
management and key personnel from our business operations.
Because of the complexity of the technology involved and the
uncertainty of litigation generally, any intellectual property
litigation involves significant risks. Moreover, patent
litigation has increased in recent years due to the increased
numbers of cases
17
asserted by intellectual property licensing entities and
increasing competition and overlap of product functionality in
our markets. If there is a successful claim of intellectual
property infringement against us, we might be required to pay
substantial damages to the party claiming infringement, refrain
from further sale of our products, develop non-infringing
technology or enter into costly royalty or license agreements on
an on-going basis or indemnify our customers. However, we may
not be able to obtain royalty or license agreements on terms
acceptable to us or at all. Parties asserting infringement
claims may also be able to obtain an injunction against
development and sale of our products that contain the allegedly
infringing intellectual property. We are required under our
distribution agreements to indemnify our distributors and
customers for any losses they suffer or any costs they incur due
to our products having infringed intellectual property rights.
Any intellectual property litigation or successful claim could
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of
operations or financial condition.
To the extent that we are subject to a patent infringement or
other lawsuits in China, it may be difficult for us to evaluate
the outcome of court proceedings and we may not enjoy the level
of legal protection that we would in more developed legal
systems. See “— Risks Relating to Doing Business in
China — Uncertainties in the interpretation and
enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations could limit the
legal protections available to you and us.”
We
rely upon third parties for technologies that are integrated
into some of our products, and if we are unable to continue to
use these technologies and future technologies, our ability to
design and sell technologically advanced products would be
limited.
We rely on third parties for technologies that are integrated
into some of our products. Our ability to keep pace with the
rapidly evolving market depends on our ability to obtain such
technologies from third parties on commercially reasonable terms
to allow our products to remain competitive. If licenses to such
technologies are not available on commercially reasonable terms
and conditions, and we cannot otherwise integrate such
technologies, our products or our customers’ products could
become unmarketable or obsolete, and we could lose market share.
In such instances, we could also incur substantial unanticipated
costs or scheduling delays to develop or acquire substitute
technologies to deliver competitive products.
We may
not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of our
intellectual property, which could harm our business and
competitive position.
Our future success depends in part upon our proprietary
technology. We seek to protect our technology through a
combination of patents, copyrights, trade secrets, and
confidentiality agreements. It is possible that any patents held
by us may be invalidated, circumvented, or challenged. There can
be no assurance that such patents will provide us with
competitive advantages or adequately safeguard our proprietary
rights. Existing patents are granted for prescribed time periods
and will expire at various times in the future. Trade secrets
are difficult to protect, and our trade secrets may be leaked or
otherwise become known or be independently discovered by
competitors. Confidentiality agreements may be breached, and we
may not have adequate remedies for any breach.
It is often difficult to create and enforce intellectual
property rights in China. Even where adequate laws exist in
China, it may not be possible to obtain swift and equitable
enforcement of such laws, or to obtain enforcement of a judgment
or an arbitration award by a court of another jurisdiction, and
accordingly, we may not be able to effectively protect our
intellectual property rights or enforce agreements in China. In
addition, the laws of other countries in which our products are
sold may not protect our products and intellectual property
rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States.
Policing any unauthorized use of our intellectual property is
difficult and costly and the steps we have taken may be
inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our technology.
Any
dispute involving intellectual property could also include our
distributors or customers, which could trigger our
indemnification obligations to them and result in substantial
expense to us.
In any dispute involving intellectual property, our distributors
or customers could also become the target of litigation. Because
we have undertaken in our distribution agreements to indemnify
our distributors and customers for intellectual property claims
made against them for products incorporating our technology, any
litigation could trigger these indemnification obligations and
result in substantial expenses to us. Such litigation could
severely
18
disrupt or shut down the business of our distributors and
customers, which in turn could hurt our relations with them and
cause the sale of our products to decrease.
We
currently sell substantially all of our products to customers
through three independent, non-exclusive distributors, which
exposes us to substantial credit risk as well as to the risk of
material disruption to our sales operations.
We currently sell substantially all of our products to customers
through three independent, non-exclusive distributors. These are
Auctus Technologies Group Limited, Arrow Asia Pac Ltd. and
Giatek Corporation Ltd. We expect the volume for Giatek
Corporation Ltd. to decrease and we have signed new distribution
agreements with China Achieve Limited and Versatech
Microelectronics Limited. Our distributors maintain inventories
of our products, provide storage, shipping, and other services
to us, and provide payment terms to our customers. Sales to
Auctus Technologies Group Limited, Giatek Corporation Ltd., and
Arrow Asia Pac Ltd. accounted for 58%, 19%, and 15% of our
revenues, respectively, in 2009 and 57%, 16% and 17% of our
revenues, respectively, for the six months ended June 30,
2010. As of June 30, 2010, we had $9.1 million of
accounts receivable, of which 50% were due from Auctus
Technologies Group Limited, 0% from Giatek Corporation Ltd. and
35% from Arrow Asia Pac Ltd. As of June 30, 2010, we also
had $29.9 million in inventory, some of which was held by
these three distributors. Our agreements with our distributors
are effective until terminated by either party and may be
terminated by either party without cause with 30 days’
written notice. If any of our distributors were to default on
its obligations and fail to pay our invoices or ship our
products in a timely fashion, we may be unable to collect our
accounts receivable, recover our inventory, or complete sales to
the customers who had placed orders through that distributor,
and we may find it difficult to replace that distributor.
We may
be adversely affected by the cyclicality of the semiconductor
industry.
Our industry is highly cyclical and is characterized by short
product life cycles and wide fluctuations in product supply and
demand. The industry has, from time to time, experienced
significant downturns, often connected with, or in anticipation
of, maturing product cycles of both semiconductor
companies’ and their customers’ products and declines
in general economic conditions. These downturns have been
characterized by diminished product demand, production
overcapacity, high inventory levels and accelerated erosion of
average selling prices. Any future downturns may reduce our
revenue and result in us having excess inventory. Furthermore,
any upturn in the semiconductor industry could result in
increased competition for access to limited third-party foundry,
testing, and packaging capacity.
Demand
for our products is highly dependent on the consumer electronics
market, which is characterized by short product life cycles and
subject to risks related to product transitions and supply of
other components.
We derive almost all of our revenue from products that are used
in consumer electronic devices, particularly mobile handsets.
The consumer electronics market in general and the mobile
handset market in particular are characterized by intense
competition, rapidly changing technology, and continuously
evolving consumer preferences. These factors result in the
frequent introduction of new products, short product life
cycles, and significant price competition. A decrease in demand
for consumer electronics, especially a decrease in demand for
mobile handsets, will also decrease demand for our products,
which will adversely affect our business and results of
operations.
The
global financial and economic crisis may adversely affect our
business, results of operations and financial
condition.
The global financial markets have experienced significant
disruptions since 2008, and most of the world’s major
economies have been or are still in recession. To the extent
that there has been improvement in some areas, it is unclear
whether the recovery is sustainable. There is considerable
uncertainty over the long-term effects of the expansionary
monetary and fiscal policies adopted by the central banks and
financial authorities of the world’s leading economies,
including China’s. Demand for mobile handsets and other
consumer electronics ultimately depends on employment and
consumer spending, which have been less quick to respond to
fiscal and monetary stimulus than have, for example, asset
prices. Any prolonged slowdown in the Chinese economy or the
economies
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to which our customers export their products may have a negative
impact on our business, results of operations and financial
condition in a number of ways. For example, our customers may
decrease or delay spending with us, while we may have difficulty
expanding our customer base fast enough, or at all, to offset
the impact of decreased spending by our existing customers.
Our
results of operations are subject to substantial quarterly and
annual fluctuations due to a number of factors that could
adversely affect our business and the trading price of our
ADSs.
Our revenue and results of operations have fluctuated and are
likely to fluctuate in the future. These fluctuations may occur
on a quarterly and on an annual basis and may be due to a number
of factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors
include, among others:
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changes in end-user demand for the products manufactured and
sold by our customers;
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the gain or loss of significant customers;
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our ability to develop, introduce and market new products and
technologies on a timely basis;
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new product announcements and introductions by our competitors;
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incurrence of research and development and related new product
expenditures;
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intellectual property disputes;
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loss of key personnel or the shortage of available skilled
workers; and
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the effects of competitive pricing pressures, including
decreases in average selling prices of our products.
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The foregoing factors and other factors that might materially
and adversely affect our quarterly or annual results of
operations are difficult to forecast. We typically are required
to incur substantial development costs in advance of a
prospective sale with no certainty that we will ever recover
these costs. A substantial amount of time may pass between the
acceptance of our design and the generation of revenue related
to the expenses previously incurred, which can potentially cause
our results of operations to fluctuate significantly from period
to period. In addition, a significant amount of our operating
expenses are relatively fixed in nature due to our significant
sales, research and development costs. If our strategies to
reduce our costs through the development of products utilizing
our integrated passive device technology and the migration to
more advanced process technologies prove to be unsuccessful, our
gross margin may decline.
In the
future, we may pursue selective acquisitions to complement our
organic growth, which may not be successful and may divert
financial and management resources from more productive
uses.
If we identify appropriate opportunities, we may acquire or
invest in technologies, businesses or assets that are
strategically important to our business or form alliances with
key players in the semiconductor industry to further expand our
business. If we decide to pursue a strategy of selective
acquisitions, we may not be successful in identifying suitable
acquisition opportunities or completing such transactions. Our
competitors may be more effective in executing and closing
acquisitions in competitive bid situations than us. Our ability
to enter into and complete acquisitions may be restricted by, or
subject to, various approvals under PRC law or may not otherwise
be possible, may result in a possible dilutive issuance of our
securities, or may require us to seek additional financing. We
also may experience difficulties integrating acquired
operations, technology, and personnel into our existing business
and operations. Completed acquisitions may also expose us to
potential risks, including risks associated with unforeseen or
hidden liabilities, the diversion of resources from our existing
business, and the potential loss of, or harm to, relationships
with our employees as a result of our integration of new
businesses. In addition, following completion of an acquisition,
our management and resources may be diverted from their core
business activities due to the integration process, which
diversion may harm the effective management of our business.
Furthermore, it may not be possible to achieve the expected
level of any synergy benefits on integration
and/or the
actual cost of delivering such benefits may exceed the
anticipated cost. Any of these factors may have an adverse
effect on our competitive position, results of operations and
financial condition.
20
If we
fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal
controls, we may be unable to accurately report our results of
operations or prevent fraud, and investor confidence and the
market price of our ADSs may be materially and adversely
affected.
Prior to this offering, we were a private company with limited
accounting personnel and other resources with which to address
our internal controls and procedures. Our independent registered
public accounting firm has not conducted an audit of our
internal control over financial reporting. In connection with
the audits of our consolidated financial statements as of and
for the year ended December 31, 2009, we and our
independent registered public accounting firm identified one
“material weakness” in our internal control over
financial reporting, as defined in the standards established by
the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board of the United
States. A “material weakness” is a deficiency, or a
combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial
reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a
material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim
financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a
timely basis. The material weakness identified related to a
failure to maintain effective controls over the period-end
financial reporting process. We are in the process of
implementing a number of measures to address the weakness that
has been identified, including a more comprehensive and thorough
review process for the month-end and year-end closing procedures
to strengthen our internal controls and help us establish
sustainable operational stability and produce our financial
statements in a timely manner going forward. However, we cannot
assure you that we will complete such implementation in a timely
manner or that such measures will be effective.
Upon the completion of this offering, we will become a public
company in the United States subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or
Section 404, will require that we include a report of
management on our internal control over financial reporting in
our annual report on
Form 20-F
beginning with our annual report for the fiscal year ending
December 31, 2011. In addition, our independent registered
public accounting firm must attest to and report on the
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
Our management may conclude that our internal control over
financial reporting is not effective. Moreover, even if our
management concludes that our internal control over financial
reporting is effective, our independent registered public
accounting firm, after conducting its own independent testing,
may issue a report that concludes our internal controls are not
effective if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or
the level at which our controls are documented, designed,
operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant
requirements differently from us. In addition, after we become a
public company, our reporting obligations may place a
significant strain on our management, operational and financial
resources and systems for the foreseeable future.
During the course of documenting and testing our internal
control procedures in order to satisfy the requirements of
Section 404, we may identify other deficiencies in our
internal control over financial reporting. In addition, if we
fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over
financial reporting, as these standards are modified,
supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to
conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal
control over financial reporting in accordance with
Section 404. If we fail to achieve and maintain an
effective internal control environment, we could suffer material
misstatements in our financial statements and fail to meet our
reporting obligations, which would likely cause investors to
lose confidence in our reported financial information. This
could in turn limit our access to capital markets, harm our
results of operations, and lead to a decline in the trading
price of our ADSs. Additionally, ineffective internal control
over financial reporting could expose us to increased risk of
fraud or misuse of corporate assets and subject us to potential
delisting from the stock exchange on which we list, regulatory
investigations and civil or criminal sanctions. We may also be
required to restate our financial statements from prior periods
if material errors result from ineffective controls.
We
granted employee stock options and other share-based awards in
the past and will continue to do so in the future. We recognize
share-based compensation expenses in our consolidated statement
of income in accordance with the relevant rules under U.S. GAAP,
which may have a material adverse effect on our net
income.
We adopted share incentive plans in August 2005 and November
2009 for the purpose of granting stock options, restricted
shares and restricted share units to employees, directors and
consultants of our company. Under the 2005 plan, we were
permitted to issue options to purchase up to 30,000,000 ordinary
shares. As of the date of this prospectus, we have granted
options to purchase 29,883,933 of the ordinary shares
reserved under the 2005 plan.
21
Under the 2009 plan, we may issue restricted shares,
restricted share units, or options to purchase up to 30,000,000
ordinary shares. As of the date of this prospectus, 5,816,402
restricted share units and 794,213 restricted shares have been
granted under the 2009 plan and are outstanding. As a result of
these grants and potential future grants under the plan, we
incurred in the past and expect to continue to incur in future
periods significant share-based compensation expenses. We
account for compensation costs for all stock options based on
the fair market value on the grant date and recognize expenses
in our consolidated statement of income in accordance with the
relevant rules under U.S. GAAP. As the restricted share
units are subject to certain conditions, including the closing
of this offering, we will recognize share-based compensation
expenses in connection with the grant of restricted share units
only upon satisfaction of these conditions. Upon the closing of
this offering, we expect to immediately recognize
$6.9 million of share-based compensation expense for the
grant date fair value of the vested awards and subsequently
$4.8 million over the next four years utilizing the
graded-vesting
method. The expenses associated with share-based compensation
will reduce our net income, perhaps materially, and the
additional securities issued under share-based compensation
plans will dilute the ownership interests of our shareholders,
including holders of our ADSs. However, if we limit the scope of
our share incentive plans, we may not be able to attract or
retain key personnel who are expected to be compensated by
incentive shares or options.
We
have limited insurance coverage and may incur losses resulting
from product liability claims or business
interruptions.
As the insurance industry in China is still in an early stage of
development, insurance companies in China currently offer
limited business insurance products. We do not have any product
liability insurance or business interruption insurance. Any
business disruption, natural disaster, or product liability
claim could result in our incurring substantial costs and
diversion of resources, which would have an adverse effect on
our business and results of operations.
Risks
Relating to Doing Business in China
Changes
in China’s economic, political or social conditions or
government policies could have a material adverse effect on our
business and operations.
Substantially all of our assets and almost all of our customers
are located in China. Accordingly, our business, financial
condition, results of operations and prospects may be influenced
to a significant degree by political, economic and social
conditions in China generally and by continued economic growth
in China as a whole.
The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed
countries in many respects, including the level of government
involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of
foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the
Chinese government has implemented measures since the late 1970s
emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic
reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets,
and the establishment of improved corporate governance in
business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets
in China is still owned by the Chinese government. In addition,
the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in
regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies.
The Chinese government also exercises significant control over
Chinese economic growth through allocating resources,
controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations,
setting monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to
particular industries or companies.
While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth
over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both
geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The
Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage
economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of
these measures benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may also
have a negative effect on us. The Chinese government has
implemented certain measures, including interest rate increases,
to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause
decreased economic activity in China, which could in turn reduce
the demand for our services and adversely affect our results of
operations and financial condition.
22
Uncertainties
in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and
regulations could limit the legal protections available to you
and us.
The Chinese legal system is a civil law system based on written
statutes. Unlike common law systems, it is a system in which
legal cases have limited value as precedents. In the late 1970s,
the Chinese government began to promulgate a comprehensive
system of laws and regulations governing economic matters in
general. The overall effect of legislation over the past three
decades has significantly increased the protections afforded to
various forms of foreign or private-sector investment in China.
Our Chinese operating subsidiaries, RDA Shanghai and RDA
Beijing, are foreign-invested enterprises and are subject to
laws and regulations applicable to foreign-invested enterprises
as well as various Chinese laws and regulations generally
applicable to companies in China. These laws and regulations are
still evolving, and their interpretation and enforcement involve
uncertainties. From time to time, we may have to resort to
administrative and court proceedings to enforce the legal
protection that we enjoy either by law or contract. However,
since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant
discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and
contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the
outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of
legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems.
Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on government
policies and internal rules (some of which are not published in
a timely manner or at all) that may have retroactive effect. As
a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies
and rules until some time after the violation. Such
uncertainties, including uncertainty over the scope and effect
of our contractual, property (including intellectual property),
and procedural rights, could materially and adversely affect our
business and impede our ability to continue our operations.
Under
the PRC enterprise income tax law, we may be classified as a PRC
“resident enterprise,” which could result in
unfavorable tax consequences to us and our shareholders and have
a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the
value of your investment.
Under the PRC enterprise income tax law that became effective on
January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside the PRC
with “de facto management bodies” within the PRC
should be considered a “resident enterprise” and is
generally subject to a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate on
its worldwide income. Under the implementation regulations to
the enterprise income tax law, a “de facto management
body” is defined as a body that has material and overall
management and control over the manufacturing and business
operations, personnel and human resources, finances and
properties of an enterprise. In addition, a circular issued by
the State Administration of Taxation on April 22, 2009 sets out
the standards and procedures for recognizing the location of the
“effective management” of an enterprise registered
outside of the PRC and funded by Chinese enterprises as
controlling investors. This circular specifies that certain
PRC-invested enterprises will be classified as PRC resident
enterprises if the following are located or resident in the PRC:
senior management personnel and departments that are responsible
for daily production, operation and management; financial and
personnel decision making bodies; key properties, accounting
books, the company seal, and minutes of board meetings and
shareholders’ meetings; and half or more of the senior
management or directors having voting rights. Although this
circular explicitly provides that the above standards shall
apply to enterprises which are registered outside the PRC and
funded by Chinese enterprises as controlling investors, it is
still uncertain whether such standards under this circular may
be cited for reference and be adopted when considering whether
our “effective management” is in the PRC or not, and
whether we may be considered a resident enterprise under the PRC
enterprise income tax law.
Most of our net income on an unconsolidated basis is earned by
RDA Technologies Limited, or RDA Hong Kong, our Hong Kong
subsidiary. If the PRC tax authorities determine that RDA Hong
Kong or any of our other non-PRC entities is a PRC resident
enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, then the
income of those entities could be subject to PRC tax at a rate
of 25%, which could materially reduce our net income.
Furthermore, although dividends paid by one PRC tax resident to
another PRC tax resident should qualify as “tax-exempt
income” under the enterprise income tax law, the PRC
foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the
withholding tax on dividends, and the PRC tax authorities have
not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing of
outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident
enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Currently,
dividend payments from our PRC subsidiaries to our Hong Kong
subsidiary are subject to withholding tax at a preferential rate
of 5% under the arrangement to avoid double taxation between
Hong Kong and the central government of the PRC, while dividend
payments are not subject to withholding tax in Hong Kong, the
23
British Virgin Islands, or the Cayman Islands. If the PRC tax
authorities determine that our Hong Kong subsidiary, our BVI
subsidiaries, or our Cayman Islands holding company is a PRC
resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, or
if they determine that our Hong Kong subsidiary is not eligible
for the preferential withholding tax rate, a higher rate of
withholding tax may be assessed on our dividend payments, which
could reduce the amount of dividends that we could pay to our
shareholders, including the holders of our ADSs. Further, if we
are classified as a PRC resident enterprise, dividends we pay to
non-PRC resident shareholders will be subject to PRC withholding
tax.
Finally, foreign ADS holders may be subject to PRC tax on gains
realized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary
shares, if such income is sourced from within the PRC. Although
our holding company is incorporated in the Cayman Islands, it
remains unclear whether gains realized by our foreign ADS
holders will be regarded as income from sources within the PRC
if we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise. Any such tax
may reduce the returns on your investment in our ADSs.
Our
business benefits from certain tax incentives and government
subsidies. Expiration or elimination of, or other adverse
changes to, these tax incentives and subsidies could have a
material adverse effect on our results of
operations.
The PRC government has provided various tax incentives and
subsidies to domestic companies in the semiconductor industry,
including RDA Shanghai and RDA Beijing, in order to encourage
development of the industry. RDA Shanghai and RDA Beijing
currently benefit from tax incentives provided by the PRC tax
authorities in the form of preferential tax treatment. See
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations — Taxation.”
The PRC tax authorities could reduce or eliminate any or all of
these tax incentives at any time in the future, which could in
turn have a material adverse effect on our financial condition
and results of operations. Our research and development expenses
have been partially offset by government research subsidies we
have received from the PRC government authorities. For the years
ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, and the six months
ended June 30, 2009 and 2010, we recorded nil,
$0.3 million, $0.3 million, $0.1 million and nil
government subsidies as a deduction to research and development
expenses. As of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and
June 30, 2010, we recorded a deferred liability for cash
subsidy received from the PRC government of approximately
$0.1 million, $0.3 million and $1.6 million,
because the government had not commenced its inspection of the
research and development projects qualified for these subsidies
at the end of the respective periods. There can be no assurances
that we will receive any subsidies in the future.
The
M&A rules establish complex procedures for some
acquisitions of Chinese companies by foreign investors, which
could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through
acquisitions in China.
Six PRC regulatory agencies promulgated regulations effective on
September 8, 2006 that are commonly referred to as the
M&A Rules. The M&A Rules establish procedures and
requirements that could make some acquisitions of Chinese
companies by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex,
including requirements in some instances that the Ministry of
Commerce be notified in advance of any change-of-control
transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a
Chinese domestic enterprise. We may expand our business in part
by acquiring complementary businesses. Complying with the
requirements of the M&A Rules to complete such transactions
could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes,
including obtaining approval from the Ministry of Commerce, may
delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions,
which could affect our ability to expand our business or
maintain our market share.
PRC
regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC
residents may limit our subsidiaries’ ability to increase
their registered capital or distribute profits to us, limit our
ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, or
otherwise expose us to liability under PRC law.
The PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE,
promulgated regulations in October 2005 that require PRC
residents to register with local branches of SAFE if they use
assets or equity interests in PRC entities as capital
contributions to establish offshore companies, or if they inject
assets or equity interests of their PRC entities into offshore
companies to raise capital overseas. In addition, any PRC
resident who makes, or has previously made, direct or indirect
investments in such an offshore company (referred to in the SAFE
regulations as an “offshore
24
special purpose company”) is required to further update
that registration for such things as increases or decreases in
the offshore special purpose company’s share capital,
transfers or swaps of its shares, mergers, long-term equity or
debt investments, and the creation of any security interest.
Moreover, the PRC subsidiaries of that offshore special purpose
company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of
SAFE registrations by the offshore special purpose
company’s shareholders who are PRC residents, and do so in
a timely manner.
While our PRC counsel, Jun He Law Offices, has advised us that
the aforementioned SAFE regulations do not apply to us as our
corporate structure was not formed with any assets or equity
interests in any PRC entities, we cannot assure you that SAFE
shares the same view. If SAFE is of the view that any of our
beneficial owners who are PRC residents are subject to the
aforementioned SAFE regulations and such beneficial owners fail
to make the required SAFE registration, our PRC subsidiaries may
be prohibited from making distributions of profits to our Hong
Kong subsidiary and from paying our Hong Kong subsidiary the
proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or
liquidation, and we may also be prohibited from injecting
additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries. Furthermore,
failure to comply with the various SAFE registration
requirements described above may result in liability for our PRC
shareholders and our PRC subsidiaries under PRC laws governing
foreign exchange registration evasion.
In the event that the aforementioned SAFE regulations are deemed
applicable to us, we cannot assure you that all of our
beneficial owners who are PRC residents would comply with a
request from us to complete any required registrations.
Restrictions on our ability to transfer money to or from our PRC
subsidiaries would hinder our ability to fund our operations and
manage our working capital, which could have a material adverse
effect on our results of operations and our ability to
distribute our profits to our shareholders.
On March 28, 2007, SAFE issued further regulations
requiring Chinese citizens who are granted stock options by an
overseas publicly listed company to register with SAFE through a
Chinese agent or Chinese subsidiary of the overseas publicly
listed company and complete certain other procedures. We and our
PRC employees who have been granted stock options, restricted
share units and restricted shares will be subject to these
regulations upon the completion of this offering. Any failure of
our PRC stock option holders, restricted share unit holders or
restricted share holders to complete their SAFE registrations
may subject these PRC residents to fines and legal sanctions and
may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital into
our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability
to distribute dividends to us, or otherwise materially adversely
affect our business.
PRC
regulation of direct investment and loans by offshore holding
companies to PRC entities may delay or limit us from using the
proceeds of this offering to make additional capital
contributions or loans to our PRC subsidiaries.
Any capital contributions or loans that we, as an offshore
entity, make to our PRC subsidiaries, including from the
proceeds of this offering, are subject to PRC regulations. For
example, none of our loans to a PRC subsidiary can exceed the
difference between its total amount of investment and its
registered capital approved under relevant PRC laws, and the
loans must be registered with the local branch of SAFE. Our
capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries must be approved
by the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterpart. We cannot
assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary
registration or obtain the necessary approval on a timely basis,
or at all. If we fail to complete the necessary registration or
obtain the necessary approval, our ability to make loans or
equity contributions to our PRC subsidiaries may be negatively
affected, which could adversely affect our PRC
subsidiaries’ liquidity and their ability to fund their
working capital and expansion projects and meet their
obligations and commitments.
Fluctuations
in exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our
results of operations and the value of your
investment.
The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other
currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in
China’s political and economic conditions and China’s
foreign exchange policies. In July 2005, the PRC government
changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the RMB to
the U.S. dollar, and the RMB appreciated more than 20%
against the U.S. dollar over the following three years.
However, the People’s Bank of China regularly intervenes in
the foreign exchange market to limit fluctuations in RMB
exchange rates and achieve policy goals. For almost two years
after July 2008, the RMB traded within a narrow range against
the U.S. dollar,
25
remaining within 1% of its July 2008 high. As a consequence, the
RMB fluctuated significantly during that period against other
freely traded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar.
In June 2010, the Chinese government announced that it would
increase RMB exchange rate flexibility, and the RMB has begun to
appreciate against the U.S. dollar again. However, it
remains unclear how much flexibility will be permitted.
There remains significant international pressure on the Chinese
government to adopt a substantial liberalization of its currency
policy, which could result in further appreciation in the value
of the RMB against the U.S. dollar. Significant revaluation
of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on your
investment. For example, to the extent that we need to convert
U.S. dollars we receive from this initial public offering
or from the sale of our products into RMB to pay our operating
expenses, appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar
would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we would receive
from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert RMB
into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for
dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs or for other business
purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB
would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount
available to us.
Risks
Relating to Our ADSs and This Offering
An
active trading market for our ordinary shares or our ADSs may
not develop and the trading price for our ADSs may fluctuate
significantly.
We applied to list our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Market. Prior
to the completion of this offering, there has been no public
market for our ADSs or our ordinary shares underlying the ADSs,
and we cannot assure you that a liquid public market for our
ADSs will develop. If an active public market for our ADSs does
not develop following the completion of this offering, the
market price and liquidity of our ADSs may be materially and
adversely affected. The initial public offering price for our
ADSs will be determined by negotiation between us and the
underwriters based upon several factors, and we can provide no
assurance that the trading price of our ADSs after this offering
will not decline below the initial public offering price. As a
result, investors in our securities may experience a significant
decrease in the value of their ADSs.
The
trading prices of our ADSs are likely to be volatile, which
could result in substantial losses to investors.
The trading prices of our ADSs are likely to be volatile and
could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This
may happen because of broad market and industry factors, like
the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other
companies with business operations located mainly in China that
have listed their securities in the United States. A number of
Chinese companies have listed or are in the process of listing
their securities on U.S. stock markets. The securities of
some of these companies have experienced significant volatility,
including price declines in connection with their initial public
offerings. The trading performances of these Chinese
companies’ securities after their offerings may affect the
attitudes of investors toward Chinese companies listed in the
United States in general and consequently may impact the trading
performance of our ADSs, regardless of our actual operating
performance.
In addition to market and industry factors, the price and
trading volume for our ADSs may be highly volatile for factors
specific to our own operations, including the following:
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announcements of new investments, acquisitions, strategic
partnerships, or joint ventures;
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announcements of new services and expansions by us or our
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changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;
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additions or departures of key personnel;
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release of
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or sales of additional equity securities;
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potential litigation or regulatory investigations; and
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Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in
the volume and price at which our ADSs will trade. We cannot
assure you that these factors will not occur in the future.
If
securities or industry analysts do not publish research or
reports about our business, or if they adversely change their
recommendations regarding our ADSs, the market price for our
ADSs and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our ADSs will be influenced by research
or reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us
or our business. If one or more analysts who cover us downgrade
our ADSs, the market price for our ADSs would likely decline. If
one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to
regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the
financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the market price
or trading volume for our ADSs to decline.
The
sale or availability for sale of substantial amounts of our ADSs
could adversely affect their market price.
Sales of substantial amounts of our ADSs in the public market
after the completion of this offering, or the perception that
these sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price
of our ADSs and could materially impair our ability to raise
capital through equity offerings in the future. The ADSs sold in
this offering will be freely tradable without restriction or
further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, or the Securities Act, and shares held by our existing
shareholders may also be sold in the public market in the future
subject to the restrictions in Rule 144 and Rule 701
under the Securities Act and the applicable
lock-up
agreements. There will
be
ADSs (equivalent
to
ordinary shares) outstanding immediately after this offering,
or
ADSs (equivalent
to
ordinary shares) if the underwriters exercise their option to
purchase additional ADSs in full. In connection with this
offering, we and our officers, directors and shareholders have
agreed not to sell any ordinary shares or ADSs for 180 days
after the date of this prospectus without the prior written
consent of the underwriters. However, the underwriters may
release these securities from these restrictions at any time,
subject to applicable regulations of the Financial Industry
Regulatory Authority, Inc. We cannot predict what effect, if
any, market sales of securities held by our significant
shareholders or any other shareholder or the availability of
these securities for future sale will have on the market price
of our ADSs. See “Underwriting” and “Shares
Eligible for Future Sale” for a more detailed description
of the restrictions on selling our securities after this
offering.
Because
the initial public offering price is substantially higher than
the pro forma net tangible book value per share, you will
experience immediate and substantial dilution.
If you purchase ADSs in this offering, you will pay more for
each ADS than the corresponding amount paid by existing
shareholders for their ordinary shares. As a result, you will
experience immediate and substantial dilution of approximately
$
per ADS (assuming that no outstanding options to acquire
ordinary shares are exercised). This number represents the
difference between our pro forma net tangible book value per ADS
of $
as of December 31, 2009, after giving effect to this
offering and the assumed initial public offering price of
$
per ADS, the midpoint of the estimated initial public offering
price range set forth on the front cover of this prospectus. See
“Dilution” for a more complete description of how the
value of your investment in our ADSs will be diluted upon the
completion of this offering.
We may
become a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, which
could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences for
U.S. holders.
Depending upon the nature of our assets and income over time, we
could be classified as a passive foreign investment company, or
PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We will be
classified as a PFIC for any taxable year if either (i) 75%
or more of our gross income consists of certain types of
“passive” income or (ii) 50% or more of the value
of our assets (determined on the basis of a quarterly average)
produce or are held for the production of passive income. There
can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for the current
or any future taxable year, as
27
PFIC status is tested each taxable year and depends on the
composition of our assets and income in such taxable year. Our
PFIC status for the current taxable year 2010 will not be
determinable until the close of the taxable year ending
December 31, 2010. See “Taxation — United
States Federal Income Taxation — Passive Foreign
Investment Company Considerations” and “ —
Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”
If we are classified as a PFIC in any taxable year in which you
hold our ADSs or ordinary shares, and you are a U.S. Holder
(as defined in “Taxation — United States Federal
Income Taxation”), you would generally be subject to
imputed interest charges, characterization of a portion of any
gain from the sale or exchange of our ADSs or ordinary shares as
ordinary income, and other disadvantageous tax treatment with
respect to our ADSs or ordinary shares. For more information on
the U.S. tax consequences to you that would result from our
classification as a PFIC, see “Taxation — United
States Federal Income Taxation — Passive Foreign
Investment Company Rules.”
Our
articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that
could have a material adverse effect on the rights of holders of
our ordinary shares and ADSs.
We intend to adopt amended and restated articles of association
that will become effective immediately upon completion of this
offering. Our new articles of association contain provisions to
limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company or
cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These
provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders
of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over
prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from
seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or
similar transaction. For example, our board of directors has the
authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue
preferred shares to the extent there are available authorized
but unissued preferred shares. These preferred shares may have
special voting rights as compared to our ordinary shares, in the
form of ADSs or otherwise, and could be issued quickly with
terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our
company or make removal of management more difficult. If our
board of directors decides to issue preferred shares, the price
of our ADSs may fall and the voting and other rights of the
holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs may be diluted. See
“Description of Share Capital — Issuance of
Additional Preferred Shares.”
You
may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your
ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be
limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands
law.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the
Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our
memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Law of the
Cayman Islands (2010 Revision) and the common law of the Cayman
Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against the
directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary
responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law
are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman
Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part
from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman
Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions
of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not
binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our
shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors
under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they
would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some
jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman
Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the
United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have
more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of
corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman
Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a
shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United
States.
The Cayman Islands courts are also unlikely:
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to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts of the
United States based on civil liability provisions of
U.S. securities laws; and
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to impose liabilities against us, in original actions brought in
the Cayman Islands, based on civil liability provisions of
U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.
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There is no statutory recognition in the Cayman Islands of
judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of
the Cayman Islands will in certain circumstances recognize and
enforce a non-penal judgment of a foreign court of competent
jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.
28
As a result of all of the above, public shareholders may have
more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of
actions taken by management, members of the board of directors
or controlling shareholders than they would as public
shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States. For
a discussion of significant differences between the provisions
of the Companies Law of the Cayman Islands (2010 Revision) and
the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United
States and their shareholders, see “Description of Share
Capital — Differences in Corporate Law.”
Certain
judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be
enforceable.
We are a Cayman Islands company and all of our assets are
located outside of the United States. Substantially all of our
current operations are conducted in China. In addition, a
majority of our current directors and officers are nationals and
residents of countries other than the United States.
Substantially all of the assets of these persons are located
outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or
impossible for you to bring an action against us or against
these individuals in the United States in the event that you
believe that your rights have been infringed under the United
States federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are
successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the
Cayman Islands and of China may render you unable to enforce a
judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and
officers. For more information regarding the relevant laws of
the Cayman Islands and China, see “Enforceability of Civil
Liabilities.”
We
have not determined a specific use for a portion of the net
proceeds from this offering, and we may use these proceeds in
ways with which you may not agree.
We have not determined a specific use for a portion of the net
proceeds of this offering, and our management will have
considerable discretion in deciding how to apply these proceeds.
You will not have the opportunity to assess whether the proceeds
are being used appropriately before you make your investment
decision. You must rely on the judgment of our management
regarding the application of the net proceeds of this offering.
We cannot assure you that the net proceeds will be used in a
manner that would improve our results of operations or increase
our ADS price, nor that these net proceeds will be placed only
in investments that generate income or appreciate in value.
The
voting rights of holders of ADSs are limited by the terms of the
deposit agreement, and you may not be able to exercise your
right to vote your ordinary shares.
As a holder of our ADSs, you will only be able to exercise the
voting rights with respect to the underlying ordinary shares in
accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Under
the deposit agreement, you must vote by giving voting
instructions to the depositary. Upon receipt of your voting
instructions, the depositary will vote the underlying ordinary
shares in accordance with these instructions. You will not be
able to directly exercise your right to vote with respect to the
underlying shares unless you withdraw the shares. Under our
amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the
minimum notice period required for convening a general meeting
is days.
When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive
sufficient advance notice to withdraw the shares underlying your
ADSs to allow you to vote with respect to any specific matter.
If we ask for your instructions, the depositary will notify you
of the upcoming vote and will arrange to deliver our voting
materials to you. We cannot assure you that you will receive the
voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the
depositary to vote your shares. In addition, the depositary and
its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting
instructions or for their manner of carrying out your voting
instructions. This means that you may not be able to exercise
your right to vote and you may have no legal remedy if the
shares underlying your ADSs are not voted as you requested.
29
We are
a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under
the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain
provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public
companies.
Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange
Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities
rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable
to U.S. domestic issuers, including:
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the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the
SEC of quarterly reports on
Form 10-Q
or current reports on
Form 8-K;
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the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of
proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security
registered under the Exchange Act;
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the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file
public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities
and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a
short period of time; and
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the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic
information under Regulation FD.
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We will be required to file an annual report on
Form 20-F
within six months of the end of each fiscal year ending prior to
December 15, 2011 and within four months of the end of each
fiscal year thereafter. In addition, we intend to publish our
results on a quarterly basis as press releases, distributed
pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Global
Market. Press releases relating to financial results and
material events will also be furnished to the SEC on
Form 6-K.
However, the information we are required to file with or furnish
to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to
that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers.
As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or
information, which would be made available to you, were you
investing in a United States domestic issuer.
As a
company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to
adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate
governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq
Global Market corporate governance listing standards. these
practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they
would enjoy if we complied fully with the Nasdaq Global Market
corporate governance listing standards.
As a Cayman Islands company listed on the Nasdaq Global Market,
we are subject to the Nasdaq Global Market corporate governance
listing standards. However, Nasdaq Global Market rules permit a
foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate
governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate
governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home
country, may differ significantly from the Nasdaq Global Market
corporate governance listing standards. For example, neither the
Companies Law of the Cayman Islands nor our memorandum and
articles of association requires a majority of our directors to
be independent and we could include non-independent directors as
members of our compensation committee and nominating committee,
and our independent directors would not necessarily hold
regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors
are present. Currently, we do not plan to rely on home country
practice with respect to our corporate governance after we
complete this offering. However, if we choose to follow home
country practice in the future, our shareholders may be afforded
less protection than they otherwise would under the Nasdaq
Global Market corporate governance listing standards applicable
to U.S. domestic issuers.
The
depositary for our ADSs will give us a discretionary proxy to
vote our ordinary shares underlying your ADSs if you do not vote
at shareholders’ meetings, except in limited circumstances,
which could adversely affect your interests.
Under the deposit agreement for the ADSs, if you do not vote,
the depositary will give us a discretionary proxy to vote our
ordinary shares underlying your ADSs at shareholders’
meetings unless:
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we have failed to timely provide the depositary with notice of
meeting and related voting materials;
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we have instructed the depositary that we do not wish a
discretionary proxy to be given;
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we have informed the depositary that there is substantial
opposition as to a matter to be voted on at the meeting;
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a matter to be voted on at the meeting would have a material
adverse impact on shareholders; or
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the voting at the meeting is to be made on a show of hands.
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The effect of this discretionary proxy is that if you do not
vote at shareholders’ meetings, you cannot prevent our
ordinary shares underlying your ADSs from being voted, except
under the circumstances described above. This may make it more
difficult for shareholders to influence the management of our
company. Holders of our ordinary shares are not subject to this
discretionary proxy.
You
may not receive dividends or other distributions on our ordinary
shares and you may not receive any value for them, if it is
illegal or impractical to make them available to
you.
The depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay to you the cash
dividends or other distributions that it or the custodian
receives on ordinary shares or other deposited securities
underlying our ADSs, after deducting its fees and expenses. You
will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of
ordinary shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary is
not responsible if it decides that it is unlawful or impractical
to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For
example, it would be unlawful to make a distribution to a holder
of ADSs if it consists of securities that require registration
under the Securities Act but that are not properly registered or
distributed under an applicable exemption from registration. The
depositary may also determine that it is not feasible to
distribute certain property through the mail. Additionally, the
value of certain distributions may be less than the cost of
mailing them. In these cases, the depositary may determine not
to distribute such property. We have no obligation to register
under U.S. securities laws any ADSs, ordinary shares,
rights or other securities received through such distributions.
We also have no obligation to take any other action to permit
the distribution of ADSs, ordinary shares, rights or anything
else to holders of ADSs. This means that you may not receive
distributions we make on our ordinary shares or any value for
them if it is illegal or impractical for us to make them
available to you. These restrictions may cause a material
decline in the value of our ADSs.
You
may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may
experience dilution of your holdings.
We may, from time to time, distribute rights to our
shareholders, including rights to acquire securities. Under the
deposit agreement, the depositary will not distribute rights to
holders of ADSs unless the distribution and sale of rights and
the securities to which these rights relate are either exempt
from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all
holders of ADSs, or are registered under the provisions of the
Securities Act. The depositary may, but is not required to,
attempt to sell these undistributed rights to third parities,
and may allow the rights to lapse. We may be unable to establish
an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, and we
are under no obligation to file a registration statement with
respect to these rights or underlying securities or to endeavor
to have a registration statement declared effective.
Accordingly, holders of ADSs may be unable to participate in our
rights offerings and may experience dilution of their holdings
as a result.
You
may be subject to limitations on transfer of your
ADSs.
Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary.
However, the depositary may close its books at any time or from
time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the
performance of its duties. The depositary may close its books
from time to time for a number of reasons, including in
connection with corporate events such as a rights offering,
during which time the depositary needs to maintain an exact
number of ADS holders on its books for a specified period. The
depositary may also close its books in emergencies, and on
weekends and public holidays. The depositary may refuse to
deliver, transfer or register transfers of our ADSs generally
when our share register or the books of the depositary are
closed, or at any time if we or the depositary thinks it is
advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any
government or governmental body, or under any provision of the
deposit agreement, or for any other reason.
We
will incur increased costs as a result of being a public
company.
Upon completion of this offering, we will become a public
company and expect to incur significant legal, accounting and
other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules subsequently
implemented by the SEC and the Nasdaq Global Market, impose
various requirements on the
31
corporate governance practices of public companies. We expect
these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial
compliance costs and to make some corporate activities more
time-consuming and costly. For example, as a result of becoming
a public company, we will need to increase the number of
independent directors and adopt policies regarding internal
controls and disclosure controls and procedures. In addition, we
will incur additional costs associated with our public company
reporting requirements. It may also be more difficult for us to
find qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as
executive officers. We are currently evaluating and monitoring
developments with respect to these rules and regulations, and we
cannot predict or estimate with any degree of certainty the
amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such
costs.
In the past, shareholders of a public company often brought
securities class action suits against the company following
periods of instability in the market price of that
company’s securities. If we were involved in a class action
suit, it could divert a significant amount of our
management’s attention and other resources from our
business and operations, which could harm our results of
operations and require us to incur significant expenses to
defend the suit. Any such class action suit, whether or not
successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability
to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is
successfully made against us, we may be required to pay
significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect
on our financial condition and results of operations.
32
SPECIAL
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INDUSTRY
DATA
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve
risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of
historical facts are forward-looking statements. These
statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and
other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or
achievements to be materially different from those expressed or
implied by the forward-looking statements.
You can identify these forward-looking statements by words or
phrases such as “may,” “will,”
“expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,”
“estimate,” “intend,” “plan,”
“believe,” “likely to” or other similar
expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements
largely on our current expectations and projections about future
events and financial trends that we believe may affect our
financial condition, results of operations, business strategy
and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include,
but are not limited to, statements about:
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our growth strategies;
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our future business development, results of operations and
financial condition;
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expected changes in our revenue and certain cost or expense
items;
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our ability to develop new products and attract customers;
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trends and competition in the semiconductor and mobile handset
industries;
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our ability to protect our intellectual property rights;
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our expectation regarding the use of proceeds from this
offering; and
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assumptions underlying or related to any of the foregoing.
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You should read thoroughly this prospectus and the documents
that we refer to in this prospectus with the understanding that
our actual future results may be materially different from and
worse than what we expect. Other sections of this prospectus
include additional factors which could adversely impact our
business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an
evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties emerge
from time to time and it is not possible for our management to
predict all risk factors and uncertainties, nor can we assess
the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which
any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results
to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking
statements. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by
these cautionary statements.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as
predictions of future events. We undertake no obligation to
update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a
result of new information, future events or otherwise.
This prospectus also contains statistical data and estimates
that we obtained from industry publications and reports
generated by iSuppli, including a report that we commissioned
from iSuppli for the purposes of this offering. These industry
publications and reports generally indicate that the information
contained therein was obtained from sources believed to be
reliable, but do not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of
such information. Although we believe that the publications and
reports are reliable, we have not independently verified the
data.
33
USE OF
PROCEEDS
We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from this offering
of approximately $ million
after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and the
estimated offering expenses payable by us. These estimates are
based upon an assumed initial offering price of
$ per ADS, the mid-point of the
range shown on the front cover page of this prospectus. We will
not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of ADSs by the
selling shareholders. A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed
initial public offering price of $
per ADS would increase (decrease) the net proceeds of this
offering by $ million,
assuming the sale
of
ADSs at $ per ADS, the mid-point
of the range shown on the front cover page of this prospectus
and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and
the estimated offering expenses payable by us.
The primary purposes of this offering are to create a public
market for our shares for the benefit of all shareholders,
retain talented employees by providing them with equity
incentives, and obtain additional capital. We intend to use the
net proceeds received by us from this offering for working
capital and other general corporate purposes, including to
finance our growth, develop new products, and fund capital
expenditures. In addition, we may choose to expand our current
business through acquisitions of other technologies, products,
or businesses. However, we do not have legally binding
agreements or commitments for any specific acquisitions at this
time. The amounts and timing of any expenditures will vary
depending on the amount of cash generated by our operations,
competitive and technological developments and the rate of
growth, if any, of our business. Accordingly, our management
will have significant flexibility in applying the net proceeds
of the offering. If an unforeseen event occurs or business
conditions change, we may use the proceeds of this offering
differently than as described in this prospectus.
In utilizing the proceeds from this offering, we are permitted
under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC
subsidiaries only through loans or capital contributions, and
only if we satisfy the applicable government registration and
approval requirements. We cannot assure you that we will be able
to meet these requirements on a timely basis, if at all. See
“Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business
in China — PRC regulation of direct investment and
loans by offshore holding companies to PRC entities may delay or
limit us from using the proceeds of this offering to make
additional capital contributions or loans to our PRC
subsidiaries.”
Pending use of the net proceeds, we intend to hold our net
proceeds in demand deposits or invest them in interest-bearing
government securities.
34
DIVIDEND
POLICY
We have not previously declared or paid cash dividends and we
have no plan to declare or pay any dividends in the near future
on our shares or ADSs. We currently intend to retain most, if
not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to
operate and expand our business.
We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. We
rely principally on dividends from our subsidiaries in the
British Virgin Islands and Hong Kong for our cash requirements,
including any payment of dividends to our shareholders. PRC
regulations may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to
pay dividends to us. See “PRC Regulation —
Regulations on Dividend Distribution.”
Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to
distribute dividends. Even if our board of directors decides to
pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon
our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and
surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions
and other factors that the board of directors may deem relevant.
If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders to the same
extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms
of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses
payable thereunder. See “Description of American Depositary
Shares.” Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any,
will be paid in U.S. dollars.
35
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of
June 30, 2010:
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on an actual basis;
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on a pro forma basis to reflect the automatic conversion of all
of our outstanding Series A, Series B and
Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares into
157,629,642 ordinary shares immediately upon the completion of
this offering; and
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on a pro forma as adjusted basis to reflect (i) the
automatic conversion of all of our outstanding Series A,
Series B and Series C convertible redeemable preferred
shares into 157,629,642 ordinary shares immediately upon the
completion of this offering, and (ii) the sale
of
ordinary shares in the form of ADSs by us in this offering at an
assumed initial public offering price of
$ per ADS, the mid-point of the
estimated range of the initial public offering price shown on
the front cover of this prospectus, after deducting the
underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering
expenses payable by us.
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You should read this table together with our consolidated
financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in
this prospectus and the information under
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations.”
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As of June 30, 2010
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Pro Forma
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Actual
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Pro Forma
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As
Adjusted(1)
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(in thousands)
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Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares
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Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares
($0.01 par value; 142,500,000 shares authorized,
94,648,784 shares issued and outstanding on an actual
basis; none outstanding on a pro forma and pro forma as adjusted
basis)
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$
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12,880
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—
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Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares
($0.01 par value; 35,000,000 shares authorized,
32,972,304 shares issued and outstanding on an actual
basis; none outstanding on a pro forma and pro forma as adjusted
basis)
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6,281
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—
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Series C convertible redeemable preferred share
($0.01 par value; 31,000,000 shares authorized,
30,008,554 shares issued and outstanding on an actual
basis; none outstanding on a pro forma and pro forma as adjusted
basis)
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11,157
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—
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Shareholders’ Equity
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Ordinary shares ($0.01 par value; 261,500,000 shares
authorized, 52,284,221 shares issued and outstanding on an
actual basis; 209,913,863 outstanding on a pro forma
basis; outstanding
on a pro forma as adjusted basis)
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523
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2,099
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Additional paid-in
capital(2)
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9,720
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38,462
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Recourse
loans(3)
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(1,214
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)
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(1,214
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Accumulated other comprehensive income
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510
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510
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Retained earnings
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637
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637
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders’
equity(2)
|
|
|
10,716
|
|
|
|
40,494
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
capitalization(2)
|
|
|
40,494
|
|
|
|
40,494
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(footnotes appear on following page)
36
|
|
|
Notes: (1)
|
|
The pro forma as adjusted
information discussed above is illustrative only. Our additional
paid-in capital, total shareholders’ equity and total
capitalization following the completion of this offering are
subject to adjustment based on the actual initial public
offering price and other terms of this offering determined at
pricing.
|
(2)
|
|
Assuming the number of ADSs offered
by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus remains
the same, and after deduction of underwriting discounts and
commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us, a
$1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering
price of
$
per ADS would increase (decrease) each of additional paid-in
capital, total shareholders’ deficit and total
capitalization by $ million.
|
(3)
|
|
Recourse loans represent loans to
certain non-executive employees to permit them to exercise
vested stock options.
|
37
DILUTION
Our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2010 was
approximately $0.77 per ordinary share and
$
per ADS. Net tangible book value per ordinary share represents
the amount of total tangible assets, minus the amount of total
liabilities, divided by the total number of ordinary shares
outstanding. Our pro forma net tangible book value as of
June 30, 2010 was $0.19 per outstanding ordinary share on
that date and $ per ADS. Pro forma
net tangible book value adjusts net tangible book value to give
effect to the conversion of all of our outstanding preferred
shares into 157,629,642 ordinary shares upon the closing of this
offering. Dilution is determined by subtracting net tangible
book value per ordinary share from the assumed public offering
price per ordinary share.
Without taking into account any other changes in such net
tangible book value after June 30, 2010, other than to give
effect to (1) the conversion of all of our Series A,
Series B and Series C convertible redeemable preferred
shares into ordinary shares, which will occur automatically upon
the completion of this offering, and (2) our issuance and
sale
of
ADSs in this offering, at an assumed initial public offering
price of
$
per ADS, the mid-point of the estimated public offering price
range, and after deduction of underwriting discounts and
commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our
pro forma net tangible book value as adjusted at June 30,
2010 would have been $ per
outstanding ordinary share, including ordinary shares underlying
our outstanding ADSs, or $ per
ADS. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book
value of $ per ordinary share, or
$ per ADS, to existing
shareholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book
value of $ per ordinary share, or
$ per ADS, to purchasers of ADSs
in this offering.
The following table illustrates the dilution on a per ordinary
share basis assuming that the initial public offering price per
ordinary share is $ and all ADSs
are exchanged for ordinary shares:
|
|
|
|
|
Assumed initial public offering price per ordinary share
|
|
$
|
|
|
Net tangible book value per ordinary share
|
|
$
|
0.77
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma net tangible book value per ordinary share after
giving effect to the automatic conversion of all of our
outstanding preferred shares
|
|
$
|
0.19
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma net tangible book value per ordinary share as adjusted
to give effect to the automatic conversion of all of our
outstanding preferred shares and this offering as of
June 30, 2010
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount of dilution in net tangible book value per ordinary share
to new investors in the offering
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount of dilution in net tangible book value per ADS to new
investors in the offering
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price
of $ per ADS would increase
(decrease) our pro forma net tangible book value after giving
effect to the offering by $
million, the pro forma net tangible book value per ordinary
share and per ADS after giving effect to this offering by
$ per ordinary share and per ADS
and the dilution in net tangible book value per ordinary share
and per ADS to new investors in this offering by
$ per ordinary share and per ADS,
assuming no change to the number of ADSs offered by us as set
forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting
underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering
expenses. The pro forma information discussed above is
illustrative only. Our net tangible book value following the
completion of this offering is subject to adjustment based on
the actual initial public offering price of our ADSs and other
terms of this offering determined at pricing.
38
The following table summarizes, on a pro forma basis as of
June 30, 2010, the differences between the shareholders as
of June 30, 2010, on an “if converted” basis,
and the new investors with respect to the number of ordinary
shares purchased from us, the total consideration paid and the
average price per ordinary share paid at an assumed initial
public offering price of $ per ADS
before deducting estimated underwriting discounts and
commissions and estimated offering expenses.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Price Per
|
|
Price
|
|
|
Ordinary Shares Purchased
|
|
Total Consideration
|
|
Ordinary
|
|
Per
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Percent
|
|
Amount
|
|
Percent
|
|
Share
|
|
ADS
|
|
Existing shareholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New investors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price
of $ per ADS would increase
(decrease) total consideration paid by new investors, total
consideration paid by all shareholders, average price per
ordinary share and average price per ADS paid by all
shareholders by $ ,
$ , $
and $ , respectively, assuming the
sale
of
ADSs at $ , the mid-point of the
range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after
deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other
offering expenses payable by us.
The discussion and tables above also assume no exercise of any
outstanding stock options and excludes the impact of the
restricted share unit grants and restricted shares outstanding
as of the date of this prospectus. As of the date of this
prospectus, there were 16,984,871 ordinary shares issuable
upon exercise of outstanding stock options at a weighted average
exercise price of $0.1844 per ordinary share,
5,816,402 ordinary shares issuable pursuant to the
restricted share unit grants and 794,213 restricted shares
outstanding, and there were 23,505,452 ordinary shares
available for future issuance upon the exercise of future grants
under our 2005 Share Option Scheme and our 2009 Share
Incentive Plan. To the extent that any of these options are
exercised or any of these restricted share units are vested,
there will be further dilution to new investors.
39
ENFORCEABILITY
OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We were incorporated in the Cayman Islands in order to enjoy the
following benefits:
|
|
|
|
•
|
political and economic stability;
|
|
|
•
|
an effective judicial system;
|
|
|
•
|
a favorable tax system;
|
|
|
•
|
the absence of exchange control or currency
restrictions; and
|
|
|
•
|
the availability of professional and support services.
|
However, certain disadvantages accompany incorporation in the
Cayman Islands. These disadvantages include, but are not limited
to, the following:
|
|
|
|
•
|
the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws
as compared to the United States and these securities laws
provide significantly less protection to investors; and
|
|
|
•
|
Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the
federal courts of the United States.
|
Our constituent documents do not contain provisions requiring
that disputes, including those arising under the securities laws
of the United States, between us, our officers, directors and
shareholders, be arbitrated.
All of our operations are conducted outside the United States,
and substantially all of our assets are located outside the
United States. A majority of our officers are nationals or
residents of jurisdictions other than the United States and a
substantial portion of their assets are located outside the
United States. As a result, it may be difficult for a
shareholder to effect service of process within the United
States upon these persons, or to enforce against us or them
judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments
predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities
laws of the United States or any state in the United States.
We have appointed Law Debenture Corporate Services Inc. as our
agent upon whom process may be served in any action brought
against us under the securities laws of the United States.
Conyers Dill & Pearman, our counsel as to Cayman
Islands law, and Jun He Law Offices, our counsel as to PRC law,
have advised us, respectively, that there is uncertainty as to
whether the courts of the Cayman Islands and China,
respectively, would:
|
|
|
|
•
|
recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained
against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the
civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United
States or any state in the United States; or
|
|
|
•
|
entertain original actions brought in each respective
jurisdiction against us or our directors or officers predicated
upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in
the United States.
|
Conyers Dill & Pearman has further advised us that:
(i) a final and conclusive judgment in the federal or state
courts of the United States under which a sum of money is
payable, other than a sum payable in respect of taxes, fines,
penalties or similar charges, may be subject to enforcement
proceedings as a debt in the courts of the Cayman Islands under
the common law doctrine of obligation; and (ii) because it
is uncertain whether a Cayman Islands court would determine that
a judgment of a United States court based on the civil liability
provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any
state in the United States is in the nature of a penalty, it is
uncertain whether such a liability judgment would be enforceable
in the Cayman Islands.
40
Jun He Law Offices has further advised us that the recognition
and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under PRC
Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce
foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of PRC
Civil Procedures Law based either on treaties between China and
the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between
jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other
agreements with the United States that provide for the
reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In
addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in
the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our
directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates
the basic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty,
security or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain
whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment against us or our
directors and officers rendered by a court in the United States.
41
CORPORATE
HISTORY AND STRUCTURE
We are a Cayman Islands-incorporated holding company with
subsidiaries in the British Virgin Islands, China and Hong Kong.
We were formed in January 2004 with the incorporation of Himix
Technologies Incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. This
entity changed its name to RDA Microelectronics, Inc. in March
2004 and adopted its current corporate name, RDA
Microelectronics (BVI) Inc., in July 2008. We refer to this
entity in this prospectus as RDA Micro BVI.
In April 2004, we established RDA Microelectronics (Shanghai)
Co., Ltd., our first wholly-owned operating subsidiary in China,
which we refer to as RDA Shanghai. In December 2005, we
established another wholly-owned operating subsidiary in China,
RDA Microelectronics (Beijing) Co., Ltd., which we refer to as
RDA Beijing. Both RDA Shanghai and RDA Beijing primarily engage
in research and development.
In September 2005, we established RDA International, Inc., which
we refer to as RDA International, in the British Virgin Islands.
In November 2007, we established RDA Technologies Limited in
Hong Kong. We refer to this entity as RDA Hong Kong. We
currently sell the vast majority of our products through
contractual arrangements between RDA Hong Kong and each of the
three distributors that we currently use. RDA Hong Kong has been
expanding its role to take on procurement, investment, strategic
planning, and other functions, hire subcontractors on behalf of
our company and hold intellectual property that we license and
develop.
We incorporated RDA Microelectronics, Inc., a Cayman Islands
company, in May 2008. We refer to this entity in this prospectus
as RDA Cayman. In August 2008, all of the then-existing ordinary
and preferred shareholders of RDA Micro BVI exchanged their
respective shares of RDA Micro BVI for an equivalent number of
shares of RDA Cayman in equivalent classes and RDA Micro BVI
became a wholly owned subsidiary of RDA Cayman.
The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure:
42
SELECTED
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected consolidated statement of operations data
for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 and
the selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2008 and
2009 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial
statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following
selected consolidated statement of operations data for the six
months ended June 30, 2009 and 2010 and the following
selected consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30,
2010 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial
statements, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus and
have been prepared on the same basis as our audited consolidated
financial data. The unaudited selected financial data include,
in the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of
only normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair
presentation of the financial position and the results of
operations for the interim unaudited periods. The following
selected consolidated statement of operations data for the year
ended December 31, 2006 have been derived from our audited
consolidated financial statements which are not included in this
prospectus. The following selected consolidated statement of
operations data for the year ended December 31, 2005 and
the selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2005 and
2006 have been derived from the audited consolidated financial
statements of RDA Micro BVI, which are not included in this
prospectus except with respect to the items discussed in
Note (2) of the selected consolidated statement of
operations data and Note (1) of the selected consolidated
balance sheet data. In August 2008, all of the then-existing
ordinary and preferred shareholders of RDA Micro BVI exchanged
their respective shares for an equivalent number of our shares
in equivalent classes and RDA Micro BVI became a wholly owned
subsidiary of ours. The transaction was accounted for on a
carry-over basis as a reorganization under common control and
earnings (loss) per ordinary share and per ADS have been given
retrospective application. Our and RDA Micro BVI’s
consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the
United States, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results for any
period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected
for any future period. You should read the following selected
financial information in conjunction with the consolidated
financial statements and related notes and the information under
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in
this prospectus.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six
|
|
|
|
|
Months Ended
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2009
|
|
2009
|
|
2010
|
|
|
(in thousands, except for share, per share and per ADS
data)
|
|
Selected Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
$
|
1,194
|
|
|
$
|
4,521
|
|
|
$
|
13,664
|
|
|
$
|
55,500
|
|
|
$
|
118,373
|
|
|
$
|
45,883
|
|
|
$
|
76,191
|
|
Cost of revenue
|
|
|
(779
|
)
|
|
|
(3,360
|
)
|
|
|
(8,819
|
)
|
|
|
(37,555
|
)
|
|
|
(87,410
|
)
|
|
|
(33,730
|
)
|
|
|
(55,286
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
415
|
|
|
|
1,161
|
|
|
|
4,845
|
|
|
|
17,945
|
|
|
|
30,963
|
|
|
|
12,153
|
|
|
|
20,905
|
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
expenses(1)
|
|
|
(4,245
|
)
|
|
|
(5,538
|
)
|
|
|
(7,071
|
)
|
|
|
(13,198
|
)
|
|
|
(14,475
|
)
|
|
|
(7,015
|
)
|
|
|
(8,259
|
)
|
Selling, general and administrative
expenses(1)
|
|
|
(2,211
|
)
|
|
|
(1,718
|
)
|
|
|
(2,108
|
)
|
|
|
(4,518
|
)
|
|
|
(4,649
|
)
|
|
|
(1,947
|
)
|
|
|
(3,014
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
(6,456
|
)
|
|
|
(7,256
|
)
|
|
|
(9,179
|
)
|
|
|
(17,716
|
)
|
|
|
(19,124
|
)
|
|
|
(8,962
|
)
|
|
|
(11,273
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from operations
|
|
|
(6,041
|
)
|
|
|
(6,095
|
)
|
|
|
(4,334
|
)
|
|
|
229
|
|
|
|
11,839
|
|
|
|
3,191
|
|
|
|
9,632
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before income tax expense
|
|
|
(6,014
|
)
|
|
|
(6,449
|
)
|
|
|
(4,346
|
)
|
|
|
203
|
|
|
|
11,683
|
|
|
|
3,055
|
|
|
|
9,646
|
|
Income tax benefit (expense)
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
(63
|
)
|
|
|
(155
|
)
|
|
|
454
|
|
|
|
(377
|
)
|
|
|
(76
|
)
|
|
|
(1,273
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
(6,009
|
)
|
|
$
|
(6,512
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,501
|
)
|
|
$
|
657
|
|
|
$
|
11,306
|
|
|
$
|
2,979
|
|
|
$
|
8,373
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six
|
|
|
|
|
Months Ended
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2009
|
|
2009
|
|
2010
|
|
|
(in thousands, except for share, per share and per ADS
data)
|
|
Accretion/deemed dividends on convertible redeemable preferred
shares
|
|
|
(927
|
)
|
|
|
(1,213
|
)
|
|
|
(1,348
|
)
|
|
|
(2,179
|
)
|
|
|
(9,479
|
)
|
|
|
(2,603
|
)
|
|
|
(6,562
|
)
|
Net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders
|
|
$
|
(6,936
|
)
|
|
$
|
(7,725
|
)
|
|
$
|
(5,849
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,522
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,827
|
|
|
$
|
376
|
|
|
$
|
1,811
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in per share
calculations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
14,667,508
|
|
|
|
29,965,396
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
38,671,413
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
51,471,454
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
14,667,508
|
|
|
|
29,965,396
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
58,901,016
|
|
|
|
48,964,267
|
|
|
|
66,043,660
|
|
Earnings (loss) per ordinary
share(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
(0.47
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.26
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.16
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.05
|
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.47
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.26
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.16
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
Earnings (loss) per
ADS(2)(3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes: (1) Share-based compensation was allocated in
operating expenses as follows (in thousands of $):
|
Research and development
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,739
|
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
|
252
|
|
|
|
286
|
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
1,688
|
|
|
|
956
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
999
|
|
|
|
310
|
|
|
|
139
|
|
|
|
164
|
|
(2) The
data for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 are
unaudited.
|
(3) Each
ADS
represents ordinary
shares.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six
|
|
|
Months Ended
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
2010
|
|
Other Financial Data:
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in pro forma per
share calculations (unaudited):
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
209,101,096
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
223,673,302
|
|
Pro forma earnings per share
(unaudited)(1)
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
Pro forma earnings per ADS
(unaudited)(1)(2)
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes: (1)
|
|
The unaudited pro-forma earnings
per share and per ADS give effect to the conversion of all of
our outstanding Series A, Series B and Series C
convertible redeemable preferred shares into 157,629,642
ordinary shares as of January 1, 2010.
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
|
Each ADS
represents
ordinary shares.
|
44
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of
|
|
|
As of December 31,
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2009
|
|
2010
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
1,160
|
|
|
$
|
1,484
|
|
|
$
|
8,018
|
|
|
$
|
13,170
|
|
|
$
|
24,638
|
|
|
$
|
21,394
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
176
|
|
|
|
3,207
|
|
|
|
4,894
|
|
|
|
4,603
|
|
|
|
9,053
|
|
Inventories
|
|
|
1,373
|
|
|
|
1,702
|
|
|
|
4,026
|
|
|
|
8,082
|
|
|
|
25,403
|
|
|
|
29,943
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
3,964
|
|
|
|
6,144
|
|
|
|
17,157
|
|
|
|
28,674
|
|
|
|
60,271
|
|
|
|
76,132
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
428
|
|
|
|
156
|
|
|
|
2,322
|
|
|
|
7,609
|
|
|
|
20,183
|
|
|
|
19,499
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
957
|
|
|
|
1,820
|
|
|
|
7,227
|
|
|
|
13,976
|
|
|
|
33,291
|
|
|
|
35,638
|
|
Convertible redeemable preferred shares:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A
|
|
|
10,555
|
|
|
|
11,721
|
|
|
|
11,974
|
|
|
|
12,880
|
|
|
|
12,880
|
|
|
|
12,880
|
|
Series B
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
5,494
|
|
|
|
5,886
|
|
|
|
6,281
|
|
|
|
6,281
|
|
|
|
6,281
|
|
Series C
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
10,703
|
|
|
|
11,157
|
|
|
|
11,157
|
|
|
|
11,157
|
|
Ordinary
shares(1)
|
|
|
280
|
|
|
|
374
|
|
|
|
374
|
|
|
|
374
|
|
|
|
503
|
|
|
|
523
|
|
Retained earnings/(Accumulated deficit)
|
|
|
(8,686
|
)
|
|
|
(15,198
|
)
|
|
|
(19,699
|
)
|
|
|
(19,042
|
)
|
|
|
(7,736
|
)
|
|
|
637
|
|
Total shareholders’ equity/(deficit)
|
|
|
(7,548
|
)
|
|
|
(12,891
|
)
|
|
|
(18,633
|
)
|
|
|
(15,620
|
)
|
|
|
(3,338
|
)
|
|
|
10,176
|
|
|
|
|
Note: (1)
|
|
The data as of December 31,
2005 and 2006 are unaudited.
|
45
RECENT
DEVELOPMENTS
The following is an estimate of certain selected preliminary
unaudited financial data for our company for the three months
ended September 30, 2010. The selected preliminary
unaudited financial data presented below are subject to the
completion of our financial closing procedures, which have not
been completed. Accordingly, these data may change and those
changes may be material.
We estimate that:
|
|
|
|
•
|
our revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2010
was between $56.0 million and $57.5 million, compared
to revenue of $39.5 million for the three months ended
September 30, 2009;
|
|
|
•
|
our gross margin for the three months ended September 30,
2010 was approximately 30.0%, compared to gross margin of 30.8%
for the three months ended September 30, 2009; and
|
|
|
•
|
our net income for the three months ended September 30,
2010 was between $7.5 million and $8.3 million,
compared to net income of $7.3 million for the three months
ended September 30, 2009.
|
The preliminary financial data included in this prospectus has
been prepared by and is the responsibility of our management.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company has not
audited, reviewed, compiled or performed any procedures with
respect to the above preliminary financial data. Accordingly,
PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company does not
express an opinion or any other form of assurance with respect
to such information. For additional information regarding the
various risks and uncertainties inherent in estimates of this
type, see “Forward-Looking Statements.” In addition,
we cannot assure you that our results for the three months ended
September 30, 2010 will be indicative of our financial
results for the full year ending December 31, 2010 or for
future interim periods. See “Risk Factors — Risks
Related to Our Business — Our results of operations
are subject to substantial quarterly and annual fluctuations due
to a number of factors that could adversely affect our business
and the trading price of our ADSs.” Please also refer to
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in
this prospectus for information regarding trends and other
factors that may influence our results of operations.
46
MANAGEMENT’S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our
financial condition and results of operations in conjunction
with the section entitled “Selected Consolidated Financial
Data” and our consolidated financial statements and the
related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This
discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve
risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and the timing of
selected events could differ materially from those anticipated
in these forward-looking statements as a result of various
factors, including those set forth under “Risk
Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
We are a China-based fabless semiconductor company that designs,
develops and markets radio-frequency and
mixed-signal
semiconductors for a broad range of cellular, broadcast, and
connectivity applications. According to iSuppli, we are the
second largest provider of analog application specific standard
products (which include
radio-frequency
and mixed-signal semiconductors) for wireless communications
based in Asia Pacific as measured by revenues in 2009. Our core
competency is the design of highly integrated, high-performance
radio-frequency and mixed-signal system-on-chip, such as
Bluetooth system-on-chip, power amplifiers, FM radio receivers
and DVB-S satellite tuners.
We were founded in 2004 and began shipping SCDMA transceivers
and power amplifiers in 2005. We expanded our product portfolio
with GSM power amplifiers, FM radio receivers, and DVB-S
satellite tuners in 2007, and Bluetooth system-on-chip,
switches, and walkie-talkie transceivers in 2009. We currently
sell over 20 products for cellular, broadcast, and
connectivity applications. In 2009, we generated most of our
revenue from power amplifiers, FM radio receivers and Bluetooth
system-on-chip. Cellular products contributed the majority of
our revenue through 2007, but our revenue has diversified as we
have introduced more broadcast and connectivity products to our
product portfolio.
We have introduced or ramped up production on a number of new
products in 2010, including a GSM power amplifier and switch
module, a new generation TD-SCDMA transceiver, a new generation
analog mobile television receiver
system-on-chip,
a DVB-T tuner, and an LNB satellite downconverter. The GSM power
amplifier and switch module is our first product to incorporate
our new integrated passive device technology, and it is also our
most highly integrated front end module. We expect these new
products to contribute a significant part of our expected growth
in the near future.
We are also migrating to smaller geometry process technologies
to reduce our costs. We have begun to migrate from 130 nanometer
to 110 nanometer geometry processes and are developing
Bluetooth and other products to be manufactured using 55
nanometer processes in 2011. We expect successful implementation
of these plans to help reduce our costs and improve our gross
margin.
We have grown rapidly since our inception. Our revenue increased
from $4.5 million in 2006 to $118.4 million in 2009, a
three-year CAGR of 197%. From net losses of $6.5 million in
2006, we improved our financial performance each year and
recorded a net income of $11.3 million in 2009. We recorded
revenue of $76.2 million and net income of
$8.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2010.
We currently have more than 500 customers, almost all of which
are located in China. We anticipate that most of our revenue
will continue to be derived from sales to our customers in
China. However, a significant number of mobile handsets, set-top
boxes, and other products designed and manufactured by our
customers and incorporating our products are sold outside China,
principally in emerging markets. We have a diversified customer
base and none of our customers accounted for 10% or more of our
revenue in 2008 or 2009 or for the six months ended
June 30, 2010. Our ten largest customers together accounted
for 32.2% of our revenue for 2008, 30.7% for 2009 and 34.2% for
the six months ended June 30, 2010. We currently sell
substantially all of our products to customers through three
distributors.
47
Factors
Affecting Our Results of Operations
End
User Demand
Most of our products are incorporated in mobile handsets and
set-top boxes. Our products are also incorporated in other
mobile devices such as MP3 players and walkie-talkie
transceivers. As a result, the demand for our products is driven
by demand for the products in which they are incorporated. The
global market for mobile handsets and other mobile devices is
driven by the degree to which the number of end users grows and
existing end users replace and upgrade their mobile devices. The
market for set-top boxes is driven primarily by cost and new
standards and is also affected by government policy. The
replacement market for mobile handsets and other mobile devices
is driven by the introduction of new standards or new devices
that are attractive to end users in terms of design, features,
aesthetics, and functions. The increasing number of end users
for mobile handsets, particularly in emerging markets, is driven
primarily by lower priced tariffs, lower cost mobile devices,
new features, and promotional activities undertaken by the
operators.
Feature
Attach Rate
As mobile handset designs incorporate more diverse functions and
advanced computing capabilities, manufacturers compete to offer
feature-rich products. In the mobile handset industry, the
attach rate for a specific feature is the percentage of handsets
sold in a given period that incorporate that feature. Attach
rate is a function of price, performance, and end user demand.
For example, the FM radio feature has become well established
with an attach rate of 66.6% in mobile handsets produced by
Chinese manufacturers in 2009, according to the iSuppli Report,
and this rate is expected to reach 84.0% in 2014.
Product
Mix
We expect to continue to broaden our product portfolio by
introducing new high-margin products. Such products will allow
us to serve additional opportunities in our target markets. In
addition, new products may provide a lower cost structure and
higher gross margin than existing products due to the use of
more advanced designs or technology. The proportion of our
revenue that is generated from the sale of different products,
also referred to as product mix, affects our overall average
selling price, revenue, and profitability. Our product mix
changes frequently. While we have been adding new products each
year, we have also discontinued obsolete products, and we may
phase out some types of products entirely. Given the rapid rate
of technological change in our industry and how government
policy can affect demand, we expect our product mix to change
frequently. Even if our product portfolio remains the same,
changes in consumer demand or changes in our customers’
product portfolios affect demand for products within our
portfolio differently, which will cause our product mix to
change. As different products have different profit margins, any
material change in our product mix may affect our gross margins
and financial results from period to period.
Average
Selling Price
As a product matures, we expect its average selling price to
decline due to the greater availability of competing products.
Changes in average selling prices cannot always be predicted
with certainty. Sometimes the average selling price of a product
may decline earlier or faster than we expect it to. Sometimes
competitors will anticipate our entry into a market and start to
lower their selling prices even before we introduce our product.
Overall, our average selling price has dropped from year to
year. Under certain circumstances, lower prices may increase our
sales volume and thus our revenue, but a lower average selling
price typically reduces our gross margin. We expect to continue
to face price pressure on our products as average selling prices
for semiconductor products generally decline over time, and
there is no assurance that our gross margins will not continue
to decline in the future.
Cost
Reductions
We have been able to reduce the average per unit costs for our
products primarily by redesigning our products to achieve
smaller die sizes, which reduces material costs. We have been
working to migrate our process technology to increasingly
smaller sizes in order to improve our cost competitiveness. We
began production of 110 nanometer designs in May 2010 and
we are developing Bluetooth and other products to be
manufactured using 55 nanometer
48
designs in 2011. Our new integrated passive device (IPD)
technology will also allow us to reduce costs on certain
front-end module designs. We have also negotiated more favorable
pricing with the foundries and the testing and packaging vendors
we have used as the scale of our business has grown and we have
achieved higher unit volumes. We have worked with foundries to
reduce our costs by improving manufacturing yields. In general,
new products tend to have higher unit cost due to the initially
low production volumes required by our customers and initially
low manufacturing yields. As we ramp up our production volumes,
unit production costs tend to decrease. The cost of wafer
fabrication and testing and packaging services, which are
significant components of our cost of revenue, vary cyclically
with overall demand for semiconductors and our suppliers’
available capacity for such products and services.
Revenue
Our revenue is generated almost exclusively by sales of
semiconductors. We sell our products primarily to mobile handset
design houses and manufacturers, set-top box design houses and
manufacturers, and other consumer electronics manufacturers. Our
sales have historically been made on the basis of purchase
orders rather than
long-term
agreements. Our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars.
We sell the vast majority of our products through distributors.
We offer our distributors rights of return or price protection
privileges on unsold products. Price protection rights give
distributors the right to a credit in the event of declines in
the price of our products. We defer recognition of revenue and
the related cost of revenue on shipments to distributors because
we cannot reliably estimate returns or price adjustments due to
rapid changes in technology, consumer preferences, and prices.
We issue invoices to our distributors at the time that we ship
our products to them, and we require them to pay us within 30 to
60 days of the date of the invoice. We book the invoice
amounts as deferred revenue. When a product is sold to a
customer, we credit the distributor with a rebate that reflects
(1) the fee for their role in selling and distributing the
product, expressed as a percentage of the sales price of the
product, and (2) if the price to the customer was lower
than the price paid to us by the distributor, the difference
between the price to the customer and the price paid to us by
the distributor. Our revenue reflects the amount charged to the
distributors net of rebates.
Cost of
Revenue
Our cost of revenue primarily consists of costs associated with
the fabrication of wafers, testing and packaging, and inbound
and outbound shipping of our products; cost of operating
supplies; royalty costs; and
write-downs
caused by excess inventories and obsolescence from the
transition of older to newer products, including losses for
non-cancelable purchase commitments for inventory that has been
ordered but not yet delivered to us. As we do not have long-term
agreements with third-party foundries and testing and packaging
vendors, and typically place orders with the vendors on a
rolling basis, our costs for wafer fabrication, testing, and
packaging are susceptible to changes based on cyclical demand in
the global semiconductor market.
Operating
Expenses
Our operating expenses primarily consist of research and
development expenses and selling, general, and administrative
expenses. Our operating expenses have been growing in absolute
terms but have decreased relative to our revenue as we have
expanded our business.
Research
and Development
Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries,
bonuses, benefits, and share-based compensation for research and
development personnel; mask, wafer, packaging and test costs for
products under development; computer-aided design software
licenses and intellectual property license costs; depreciation
of lab testing equipment; and allocated office space cost.
Research and development activities include the design of new
products and software, refinement of existing products, and
design of test methodologies to ensure compliance with required
specifications. All research and development costs are expensed
as incurred.
49
We expect that our total research and development expenses will
increase as we continue to develop new products and migrate to
more advanced process geometries and as we begin to recognize
the share-based compensation expenses from our November 2009
grants of restricted share units after the completion of this
offering. Upon the closing of this offering, we expect to
immediately recognize $ of
share-based compensation expense within research and development
expenses for the grant date fair value of the vested awards and
further recognize another $ over
the
next years
utilizing the graded-vesting method. Research and development
expenses may fluctuate from period to period due to the timing
of certain items related to new product development initiatives,
such as engineering mask and wafer costs. We expect our research
and development expenses to increase as we acquire more
intellectual property for our technology platform.
Selling,
General, and Administrative
Selling, general, and administrative expenses consist primarily
of salaries, bonuses, benefits, share-based compensation, and
related personnel costs; costs for professional services; and
allocated office space cost. We expect that our total selling,
general, and administrative expenses will increase as we expand
our sales and marketing network to promote and sell our
products, engage in additional marketing and promotional
activities, and hire additional personnel and incur costs
related to the anticipated growth of our business and our
operation as a public company upon completion of this offering.
In addition, we will begin to recognize the share-based
compensation expenses from our November 2009 grants of
restricted share units after the completion of this offering.
Upon the closing of this offering, we expect to immediately
recognize $ of share-based
compensation expense within selling, general, and administrative
expenses for the grant date fair value of the vested awards and
further recognize another $ over
the
next years
utilizing the graded-vesting method.
Taxation
Cayman Islands and British Virgin Islands. Our
holding company in the Cayman Islands and our subsidiaries in
the British Virgin Islands are not subject to income or capital
gains tax in those jurisdictions.
Hong Kong. Our subsidiary in Hong Kong is
subject to a profit tax at the rate of 16.5% on assessable
profit determined under relevant Hong Kong tax regulations.
PRC. Until the end of 2007, our PRC
subsidiaries were generally subject to PRC income tax at the
statutory rate of 33% (30% national income tax plus 3% local
income tax) on their PRC taxable income, absent preferential tax
treatment. Beginning in 2008, the new PRC enterprise income tax
law applied a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate to both
foreign-invested enterprises and domestic enterprises, except
where a special preferential rate applies.
RDA Shanghai received preferential tax treatment from its local
government and, as an accredited integrated circuit design
enterprise, from the PRC national government as well. Taken
together, the result was to exempt RDA Shanghai from income tax
in 2005 and 2006 and to reduce its income tax rate to 7.5% in
2007, 9% in 2008, and 10% in 2009. Although its preferential tax
treatment was being phased out after the implementation of the
new enterprise income tax law, RDA Shanghai has qualified as a
“high and new technology enterprise” and thus will be
subject to income tax at a preferential rate of 15% in 2010. See
“PRC Regulation — Regulations and Policies that
Encourage the Development of Semiconductor Design
Companies — Preferential Taxation Policies.” If
it fails to maintain this qualification, RDA Shanghai will
become subject to income tax at a rate of 24% in 2011 or 25% in
any later year.
RDA Beijing was subject to income tax at the statutory rate of
33% in both 2006 and 2007. As an accredited integrated circuit
design enterprise, RDA Beijing was exempt from income tax in
2008 and 2009 and will be subject to income tax at a
preferential rate of 12.5% in 2010, 2011, and 2012. RDA Beijing
has qualified as a high and new technology enterprise but has
not applied for preferential treatment since its current tax
treatment is more favorable.
Revenue generated from services provided by RDA Shanghai and RDA
Beijing, including from technical, consulting, and other
services, is subject to a 5% PRC business tax. Revenue from
technical services related to technology development and
transfer can be exempted from this business tax, subject to
government approval. We have been successful in obtaining
exemptions from business tax on services revenue in the past.
50
Dividends. Under the PRC enterprise income tax
law, dividends from our PRC subsidiaries out of earnings
generated after the new law came into effect on January 1,
2008, are subject to a withholding tax which may be as high as
20%, although under the detailed implementation rules
promulgated by the PRC tax authorities the effective withholding
tax is currently 10%. Distributions of earnings generated before
January 1, 2008 are exempt from PRC withholding tax.
Dividends of our PRC subsidiaries that are directly held by our
Hong Kong subsidiary benefit from a reduced withholding tax rate
of 5% under the arrangement to avoid double taxation between
Hong Kong and the central government of the PRC. Dividend
payments are not subject to withholding tax in Hong Kong, the
British Virgin Islands, or the Cayman Islands.
Tax residence. Under the PRC enterprise income
tax law, enterprises that are established under the laws of
foreign countries or regions and whose “de facto management
bodies” are located within PRC territory are considered PRC
resident enterprises and are subject to the PRC enterprise
income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwide income.
“De facto management bodies” are defined under the
implementation rules as the bodies that have material and
overall management and control over the manufacturing and
business operations, personnel and human resources, finances and
treasury, and acquisition and disposition of properties and
other assets of an enterprise. We believe that we are not a PRC
resident enterprise. However, we cannot assure you that we will
not be deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise and subject to the
PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on our worldwide
income. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to
Doing Business in China — Under the PRC enterprise
income tax law, we may be classified as a PRC ‘resident
enterprise,’ which could result in unfavorable tax
consequences to us and our shareholders and have a material
adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of
your investment.”
Internal
Control Over Financial Reporting
Prior to this offering, we were a private company with limited
accounting personnel and other resources with which to address
our internal controls and procedures. Our independent registered
public accounting firm has not conducted an audit of our
internal control over financial reporting. However, in
connection with the audits of our consolidated financial
statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2009,
we and our independent registered public accounting firm
identified one “material weakness” in our internal
control over financial reporting, as defined in the standards
established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board of
the United States. A “material weakness” is a
deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal
control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable
possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s
annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or
detected on a timely basis. The material weakness identified
related to a failure to maintain effective controls over the
period-end financial reporting process. We are in the process of
implementing a number of measures to address the weakness that
has been identified, including a more comprehensive and thorough
review process for the month-end and year-end closing procedures
to strengthen our internal controls and help us establish
sustainable operational stability and produce our financial
statements in a timely manner going forward. However, we cannot
assure you that we will complete such implementation in a timely
manner. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our
Business — If we fail to implement and maintain an
effective system of internal controls, we may be unable to
accurately report our results of operations or prevent fraud,
and investor confidence and the market price of our ADSs may be
materially and adversely affected.”
Critical
Accounting Policies
We prepare our financial statements in conformity with
U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make judgments, estimates
and assumptions. We continually evaluate these estimates and
assumptions based on the most recently available information,
our own historical experience and various other assumptions that
we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the
use of estimates is an integral component of the financial
reporting process, actual results could differ from our
expectations as a result of changes in our estimates.
An accounting policy is considered critical if it requires an
accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about
matters that are highly uncertain at the time such estimate is
made, and if different accounting estimates that reasonably
could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates
that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could
materially impact the consolidated financial statements. The
selection of critical accounting policies, the judgments and
other uncertainties affecting application of those policies, and
the sensitivity
51
of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions are
factors that should be considered when reviewing our
consolidated financial statements. We believe that the following
accounting policies involve a higher degree of judgment and
complexity in their application and require us to make
significant accounting estimates. The following descriptions of
critical accounting policies, judgments and estimates should be
read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements
and other disclosures included in this prospectus.
Revenue
Recognition
In accordance with FASB ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, we
recognize revenue when the following criteria are met:
persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the sales price is
fixed or determinable, delivery has occurred, and collectability
is reasonably assured.
We sell the vast majority of our products through distributors
under arrangements allowing for price protection and product
return. If we decrease the price of a product, a distributor
will receive a corresponding credit for all relevant inventory
held by such distributor to offset the price reduction. In
addition, if the price to the customer was lower than the price
paid to us by the distributor, the distributor will receive a
credit for the difference. Our master agreements with
distributors do not restrict the amount or time period of price
protection on unsold products. We may be required to grant price
discounts below the cost of a product if the market price for
such product declines significantly. Through June 30, 2010,
we have not experienced a price decline that would reduce
selling price below cost. The amount or time period of return
rights varies by distributor, but generally distributors have
the right to return unsold products. Due to rapid changes in
technology, consumer preferences and prices, we cannot reliably
estimate returns or price adjustments. Accordingly, we do not
recognize revenue until the products are sold to the customers
by the distributors and the above criteria are met. The related
products held by distributors are included in our inventory
balance, even though the distributors hold legal title to such
products. We record product shipping costs in cost of revenue.
We also sell our products directly to customers and recognize
revenue when all of the above criteria are met.
We maintain an accrual for obligations we incur under our
warranties. We accrue for these costs based on our historical
experience with customers.
We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts. We regularly
review the allowance by considering factors such as historical
experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable
balances, and economic conditions that may affect a
customer’s ability to pay. We recorded an allowance for
doubtful accounts of $5,000 as of December 31, 2007, and
none as of December 31, 2008 and 2009 and June 30,
2010.
Share-Based
Compensation
We have adopted FASB ASC 718, “Stock Compensation,”
which requires all grants of share-based awards, including
restricted share units, restricted shares and stock options, to
be recognized in the financial statements based on their grant
date fair values.
We have made the following restricted share unit grants since
January 1, 2009:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restricted Share Units
|
|
Fair Value of
|
Grant Date
|
|
Granted
|
|
Ordinary Shares
|
|
November 2, 2009
|
|
|
7,260,134
|
|
|
|
$1.7714
|
|
January 18, 2010
|
|
|
108,107
|
|
|
|
$2.15
|
|
The fair value of the restricted share units was measured as the
grant date fair value of our ordinary shares reduced by the
present value of the dividends expected to be paid on the
underlying shares during the requisite service period. Expected
dividend yield is determined in view of our historical dividend
as well as expected future payout rate. Expected dividend yield
is nil for all restricted share units.
The restricted share units granted on November 2, 2009 and
January 18, 2010 were subject to the condition that they
could not be exercised until we had completed a qualified
initial public offering. As of December 31, 2009 and
June 30, 2010, we were not able to determine that it was
probable that the performance condition would be satisfied given
the significant uncertainties surrounding the condition of the
stock market and the economy as well as other
52
variables. Therefore, we did not recognize any share-based
compensation expense on any of the restricted share units for
the year ended December 31, 2009 or the six months ended
June 30, 2010.
In January 2010, we cancelled 1,356,547 restricted share units
granted to certain employees on November 2, 2009 and
simultaneously granted the employees the same number of
restricted shares with similar terms. The modification date
incremental fair value was nil.
In May 2010, we cancelled 119,671 restricted share units
granted to certain employees on November 2, 2009 and
562,334 restricted shares granted to certain employees on
January 18, 2010. Since the restricted share units and the
restricted shares both carried a Qualified IPO performance
condition that affected vesting and the Qualified IPO
performance condition was not probable at the time of the
cancellation, we did not recognize any of the unrecognized
compensation cost.
We have made the following stock option grants since
January 1, 2009:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock Options
|
|
Exercise Price
|
|
Fair Value of
|
|
|
Grant Date
|
|
Granted
|
|
per Ordinary Share
|
|
Ordinary Shares
|
|
Intrinsic Value
|
|
August 1, 2009
|
|
|
670,000
|
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
|
$
|
1.7714
|
|
|
$
|
851,838
|
|
There were 16,984,871 stock options outstanding as of
June 30, 2010. The aggregate intrinsic value of all stock
options outstanding as of June 30, 2010 was
$ , assuming an initial public
offering price of $ per
ordinary share or $ per ADS,
the mid-point of the estimated range of the initial public
offering price shown on the front cover of this prospectus.
We applied the Black-Scholes valuation model in determining the
fair value of stock options granted. Risk-free interest rates
are based on the derived market yield of Chinese government
international bonds for the terms approximating the expected
life of each award at the time of grant. As of the stock option
grant dates, no stock options had been exercised, and therefore
we were unable to develop the expected term on the grant dates
by giving consideration to vesting period, contractual term, the
effects of employees’ expected exercise and post vesting
employment termination behavior. We used the simplified method
described in
FASB ASC 718-10-S99
to determine the expected terms. Expected dividend yield is
determined in view of our historical dividend as well as
expected future payout rate. We estimate expected volatility at
the date of grant based on average annualized standard deviation
of the share price of listed comparable companies. These
comparable companies are publicly traded companies in the same
industry. We considered companies with similar business and
financial characteristics including product mix, business model,
target market, financial position and financial performance, in
determining comparable companies. We recognize compensation
expense on share-based awards with only a service condition on a
straight-line basis over the requisite service period and for
share-based awards with both service and performance conditions
on a graded-vesting basis. Forfeiture rate is estimated based on
historical forfeiture patterns and adjusted to reflect future
changes in circumstances and facts, if any. If actual
forfeitures differ from those estimates, we may need to revise
those estimates used in subsequent periods.
The stock options that we granted prior to April 2008 were
subject to the condition that they could not be exercised until
we had completed a qualified initial public offering. As of
December 31 2005, 2006, and 2007, we were not able to determine
that it was probable that the performance condition would be
satisfied given the significant uncertainties surrounding the
condition of the stock market and the economy as well as other
variables. Therefore, we did not recognize any share-based
compensation expense on any of these stock options for the years
ended December 31, 2005, 2006, and 2007.
On April 1, 2008, we amended the 2005 plan to remove the
condition requiring a qualified initial public offering. We
concluded that this amendment met the definition of an
improbable-to-probable modification because it previously was
not probable that the performance condition would be satisfied,
and the modification caused it to become probable. Because the
original condition was not probable on the modification date, we
did not use the original grant-date fair value to measure
compensation cost for the stock option grants in 2005, 2006 and
2007. As required by FASB ASC 718, we calculated the fair value
of the awards on the modification date. The fair value of the
vested awards was $3.1 million, which we recognized
immediately on the modification date. The share-based
compensation for unvested awards would be recognized over the
remaining requisite service period on a straight
53
line basis. The share-based compensation for stock options
granted in 2009 was determined contemporaneously at the time of
the grants using the same valuation model.
Under FASB ASC 718, we applied the Black-Scholes valuation model
in determining the fair value as of April 1, 2008 of the
stock options granted in 2005, 2006, and 2007 and the fair value
as of August 1, 2009 of the stock options granted on that
date, based on the following assumptions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year of Stock Option Grant
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
2009
|
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
|
3.26%
|
|
|
|
4.22%
|
|
|
|
4.22%
|
|
|
|
4.02%
|
|
Dividend yield
|
|
|
0%
|
|
|
|
0%
|
|
|
|
0%
|
|
|
|
0%
|
|
Average expected volatility
|
|
|
51.82 ~53.39%
|
|
|
|
53.77%
|
|
|
|
58.42%
|
|
|
|
53.32%
|
|
Average expected time to exercise
|
|
|
2.92 ~4.42 years
|
|
|
|
4.69 years
|
|
|
|
5.69 years
|
|
|
|
6.27 years
|
|
In our determination of share-based compensation expense for
share-based awards, we undertook contemporaneous analyses of the
estimated fair value of our ordinary shares for financial
reporting purposes as of April 1, 2008 (stock option
modification date), August 1, 2009 (stock option grant
date), November 2, 2009 (restricted share unit grant date)
and January 18, 2010 (restricted share unit grant date).
There were no other share-based award grants or modifications to
our share-based compensation plans in the year 2008, 2009, or
through the date of this prospectus in 2010. The primary
approach we used for estimating the fair market value of our
ordinary shares was the probability-weighted method, consistent
with the recommendations of the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants Technical Practice Aid, Valuation of
Privately-Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation.
As our securities are not publicly traded or subject to any
market evaluation of fair market value, we utilized valuation
methodologies commonly used in the valuation of private company
equity securities.
Our approach to valuation is based on an approach that weights
the market approach guideline company method and the income
approach discounted cash flow method, giving greater weight to
the latter method. Our total equity value was then allocated
among our preferred shares and ordinary shares.
For the guideline company method, we considered the profile and
performance of six publicly traded semiconductor companies that
we deemed comparable to our company. We applied both
enterprise-value-to-revenue multiple and
enterprise-value-to-EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax,
depreciation and amortization) multiple as the metric.
Adjustments to the ratio were made by taking into consideration
several factors, including the differences between our company
and the comparable companies in terms of revenue growth rate,
profitability, and market opportunity.
For the discounted cash flow method, we forecasted our free cash
flows annually through the 10 years commencing from the
valuation date and discounted them to their present value using
the discount rate of 20.5% to reflect the risks associated with
achieving those forecasts as well as the time value of money. To
reflect our business’s going-concern nature, we also
considered a terminal value by assuming a terminal growth rate
of 3%. The terminal growth rate is based on the estimated
long-term economic growth of relatively developed economies.
Given the historical growth and nature of the industry, we
believe a sustainable long-term growth rate comparable to
overall economic growth is reasonable.
We used an option-based methodology to allocate our estimated
aggregate equity value among our preferred shares and ordinary
shares. We first assigned a value to our preferred shares and
then analyzed the ordinary shares as an option using the
Black-Scholes valuation model. We considered the rights and
privileges of each security, including such factors as
liquidation rights, conversion rights, and the manner in which
each security affects the others. We used two scenarios to value
the ordinary shares. One scenario assumed an initial public
offering in which the preferred shares would lose their
liquidation preference and participation rights upon automatic
conversion. A second scenario assumed there would be no initial
public offering and the preferred shares would retain their
rights and privileges. The probability of the two scenarios
represents our expectations in addition to other outside factors
such as the condition of the capital markets and the potential
for our receiving a competitive merger and acquisition offer in
lieu of an initial public offering. These estimates are
consistent with the plans and estimates that we use to
54
manage the business. Lastly, we applied a marketability discount
rate of 13.8% to reflect the lack of marketability of our
ordinary shares.
Determining the fair value of our ordinary shares required us to
make complex and subjective judgments, assumptions, and
estimates, which involved inherent uncertainty. Had our
management used different assumptions and estimates, the
resulting fair value of our ordinary shares and the resulting
share-based compensation expense could have been different.
Between our grant of stock options to certain employees on
August 1, 2009, and our grant of restricted share units to
certain employees on November 2, 2009, we did not achieve
any major new milestones in the development of our company. As a
result, the fair value of our ordinary shares was $1.7714 per
ordinary share on both August 1, 2009 and November 2,
2009. On December 28, 2009, we signed an agreement to sell
1,950,642 of our ordinary shares to an independent third party,
Zhangjiang RDK Company Limited, at an arm’s-length price of
$2.15 per ordinary share. We used this price as the fair value
of our ordinary shares at the time of our grant of restricted
share units on January 18, 2010. We believe that the
increase in the fair value of our ordinary shares from $1.7714
per ordinary share as of November 2, 2009 to $2.15 per
ordinary share as of January 18, 2010 was primarily
attributable to the following factors:
|
|
|
|
•
|
We launched four new products, namely a DVB-T tuner, an analog
mobile television receiver, a low noise block product and a new
GSM power amplifier, in November and December 2009.
|
|
|
•
|
We formally commenced the preparations for our initial public
offering in December 2009, which increased the probability of
the liquidity of our shares.
|
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (weighted average)
or market. Cost is comprised of direct material costs and, where
applicable, shipping and handling and overhead incurred in
bringing the inventories to their present location and
condition. Inventory write-downs include write-downs for
obsolete and excess inventory based on our forecasts of demand
over specific future time periods and write-downs to value
inventory at the lower of cost or market which rely on forecasts
of average selling prices in future periods. If economic,
competitive, or other factors cause market conditions to be less
favorable than those we have projected, additional inventory
write-downs may be required, which could have a material adverse
effect on our future results of operations. We wrote down
$0.6 million of inventory in 2008 and $2.9 million of
inventory in 2009, including $1.1 million due to design
margin and process variation issues with certain power
amplifiers, $0.8 million due to the Chinese
government’s announcement that Chinese operators would
terminate PHS networking service by 2011, $0.5 million due
to our overestimate of demand for our analog mobile television
receiver and $0.5 million related to other products. We
wrote down $1.4 million of excess inventory in the six
months ended June 30, 2010 primarily for one of our power
amplifier products.
We use a number of foundries to fabricate our semiconductor
wafers and use several testing and packaging vendors. During the
normal course of business, in order to manage manufacturing lead
times and help ensure adequate supply, we issue purchase orders
to our suppliers and contract manufacturers. The purchase
commitments arising from these purchase orders are
non-cancelable. We record a liability for non-cancelable
purchase commitments for quantities in excess of our future
demand forecasts consistent with the valuation of the excess and
obsolete inventory. We recorded nil of such liabilities as of
December 31, 2008, $1.6 million as of
December 31, 2009 and $1.0 million as of June 30,
2010. The liabilities as of June 30, 2010 primarily
represent orders we placed with foundries for the production of
our analog mobile television receiver to the extent that those
purchase commitments exceed our demand forecast. As of
June 30, 2010, we had outstanding purchase orders in the
amount of $29.3 million.
Income
Taxes
Under FASB ASC 740, “Income Tax,” which clarifies the
accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in our
financial statements and prescribes a more likely than not
threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of
a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return,
income taxes are
55
accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax
assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences
attributable to differences between financial statement carrying
amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective
tax bases and for operating loss carry-forwards. Deferred tax
assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates
expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those
temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in
the tax rates is recognized in income in the period that
includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded
for loss carry-forwards and other deferred tax assets where it
is more likely than not that such loss carry forwards and
deferred tax assets will not be realized. In 2008, as a result
of the profitability of our subsidiaries in China and the
expected future profitability of our company, we released the
valuation allowance of $0.3 million.
For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more
likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax
authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest
amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of
being realized upon ultimate settlement, but it prohibits any
discounting of any of the related tax for the time value of
money. FASB ASC 740 also mandates expanded financial statement
disclosure about uncertainty in income tax reporting positions.
The cumulative effect of applying FASB ASC 740 is to be recorded
as an adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the
period of adoption. We did not incur a cumulative effect
adjustment upon adoption of FASB ASC 740. We have elected to
classify interest and penalties related to an uncertain tax
position, if any and when required, as other expenses. The
adoption of FASB ASC 740 did not have any material impact on our
financial position or results of operations.
Results
of Operations
The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated
results of operations for the periods indicated. This
information should be read together with our consolidated
financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in
this prospectus. The results of operations in any period are not
necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for
any future period.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
|
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2009
|
|
2009
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
(as percentage of revenue)
|
|
Summary Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
Cost of revenue
|
|
|
(64.5
|
)
|
|
|
(67.7
|
)
|
|
|
(73.8
|
)
|
|
|
(73.5
|
)
|
|
|
(72.6
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
35.5
|
|
|
|
32.3
|
|
|
|
26.2
|
|
|
|
26.5
|
|
|
|
27.4
|
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expenses
|
|
|
(51.7
|
)
|
|
|
(23.8
|
)
|
|
|
(12.3
|
)
|
|
|
(15.3
|
)
|
|
|
(10.8
|
)
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses
|
|
|
(15.4
|
)
|
|
|
(8.1
|
)
|
|
|
(3.9
|
)
|
|
|
(4.2
|
)
|
|
|
(4.0
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
(67.1
|
)
|
|
|
(31.9
|
)
|
|
|
(16.2
|
)
|
|
|
(19.5
|
)
|
|
|
(14.8
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from operations
|
|
|
(31.6
|
)
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
10.0
|
|
|
|
7.0
|
|
|
|
12.6
|
|
Income (loss) before income tax expense
|
|
|
(31.8
|
)
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
9.9
|
|
|
|
6.7
|
|
|
|
12.7
|
|
Income tax benefit (expense)
|
|
|
(1.1
|
)
|
|
|
0.8
|
|
|
|
(0.3
|
)
|
|
|
(0.2
|
)
|
|
|
(1.7
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
|
(32.9
|
)
|
|
|
1.2
|
|
|
|
9.6
|
|
|
|
6.5
|
|
|
|
11.0
|
|
Share-based compensation was allocated in operating expenses as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(4.9
|
)
|
|
|
(0.4
|
)
|
|
|
(0.5
|
)
|
|
|
(0.4
|
)
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1.8
|
)
|
|
|
(0.3
|
)
|
|
|
(0.3
|
)
|
|
|
(0.2
|
)
|
56
Six
Months Ended June 30, 2010 Compared to Six Months Ended
June 30, 2009
Revenue. Our revenue increased by 66.1% from
$45.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009
to $76.2 million for the six months ended June 30,
2010. The increase in revenue was due to a 93.8% increase in
unit volume, partially offset by a 14.3% decrease in average
selling price. The increase in unit volume was a result of the
growing market share for our Bluetooth product, the growing
market share and higher attach rates for our FM radio receivers,
the introduction of our new analog mobile television receiver,
and the overall growth of the export market addressed by our
customers. This increase was partially offset by a reduction in
our DVB-S
product shipments as market demand was affected by the PRC
government’s announcement that satellite television set-top
boxes would be required to meet conditional access system
standards beginning in January 2010. The decrease in average
selling price was due primarily to our decision to reduce the
price of our Bluetooth product in late 2009 in response to a
price reduction by one of our competitors, as we continued to
sell our product at reduced prices throughout 2010.
Cost of Revenue. Our cost of revenue increased
by 63.9% from $33.7 million for the six months ended
June 30, 2009 to $55.3 million for the six months
ended June 30, 2010. This increase was due primarily to a
large increase in unit volume, partially offset by a reduction
in average unit cost due to decreasing die sizes for new
products.
Gross Margin. Our gross margin increased from
26.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2009 to 27.4% for
the six months ended June 30, 2010. This increase was due
primarily to significant cost reductions in our new FM products
as well as the increased unit volume of higher gross margin
products such as walkie-talkie transceivers, analog mobile
television receivers and LNB satellite downconvertors. The
increase was partially offset by the decrease in the average
selling price of our Bluetooth product in late 2009 in response
to a price reduction by one of our competitors, as well as an
increase in the writedown of excess inventory.
Research and Development Expenses. Our
research and development expenses increased by 17.7% from
$7.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009 to
$8.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010,
but decreased significantly as a percentage of revenue, from
15.3% to 10.8%, due to our higher revenue. The increase in
research and development expenses was due primarily to increases
of $0.3 million in tapeout expenses for new product
development, $0.3 million in salary, accrued bonus and
benefits, $0.3 million in intellectual property license
fees and $0.2 million in rental and utility fees allocated
to our research and development department.
Selling, General and Administrative
Expenses. Our selling, general and administrative
expenses increased by 54.8% from $1.9 million for the six
months ended June 30, 2009 to $3.0 million for the six
months ended June 30, 2010, but decreased as a percentage
of revenue, from 4.2% to 4.0%, due to our higher revenue. The
increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was due
primarily to increases of $0.4 million in salary, accrued
bonus and benefits for our expanding sales network and field
engineering support team, $0.3 million in professional
service fees and $0.2 million in travel and utility fees.
Income Tax Expense. Our income tax expense
increased from $0.1 million for the six months ended
June 30, 2009 to $1.3 million for the six months ended
June 30, 2010. This change was due to our higher net income
as well as a higher effective tax rate.
Net Income. As a result of the above, our net
income increased significantly from $3.0 million, or 6.5%
of revenue, for the six months ended June 30, 2009 to
$8.4 million, or 11.0% of revenue, for the six months ended
June 30, 2010.
Year
Ended December 31, 2009 Compared to Year Ended
December 31, 2008
Revenue. Our revenue increased by 113% from
$55.5 million in 2008 to $118.4 million in 2009. The
increase in revenue was due to a 170% increase in unit volume,
partially offset by a 21% decrease in average selling price. The
increase in unit volume was a result of the introduction of our
new Bluetooth product, our growing market share for power
amplifiers, our growing market share and higher attach rates for
FM radio receivers, and the overall growth of the export
market addressed by our customers, as well as our growing market
share in the expanding market for
DVB-S
satellite tuners, partially offset by a substantial reduction in
PHS product shipments. The decrease in average selling price was
due in part to our decision to reduce the price of our FM radio
receivers in late 2008 in response to a price reduction by one
of our competitors, as we continued to sell our product at
reduced prices throughout 2009.
57
Cost of Revenue. Our cost of revenue increased
by 133% from $37.6 million in 2008 to $87.4 million in
2009. This increase was due primarily to a large increase in
unit volume, partially offset by a reduction in average unit
cost due to decreasing die sizes and favorable pricing terms
negotiated with foundries as the volume of our purchases from
them increased.
Gross Margin. Our gross margin decreased from
32.3% in 2008 to 26.2% in 2009. This decrease was due primarily
to developments in the markets for FM radio receivers and to
write-downs on inventory of $2.9 million and losses for
non-cancelable purchase commitments of $1.6 million,
including $0.5 million of inventory write-downs and
$1.4 million of loss for non-cancelable purchase
commitments for analog mobile television receivers,
$1.1 million of inventory write-downs for power amplifiers,
$0.8 million of inventory write-downs for PHS transceivers,
and $0.5 million of inventory write-downs and
$0.2 million of loss for non-cancelable purchase commitment
for other products. One of our competitors lowered its price for
FM radio receivers in the fourth quarter of 2008, and we cut our
prices as well, which affected our gross margins in 2009. The
write-downs of inventory and losses for non-cancelable purchase
commitments increased our costs without corresponding increases
in revenues, which also put pressure on our gross margin.
Research and Development Expenses. Our
research and development expenses increased by 9.7% from
$13.2 million in 2008 to $14.5 million in 2009, but
decreased significantly as a percentage of revenue, from 23.8%
to 12.3%, due to our higher revenue. Increases of
$1.8 million in tapeout expenses for new product
development and $1.7 million in salary, accrued bonus and
benefits reflecting our improved results of operations were
largely offset by a decrease of $2.2 million in share-based
compensation expenses. Our share-based compensation expenses in
2009 decreased from 2008 primarily because we had incurred an
incremental $2.3 million of share-based compensation
expense in 2008 when we removed certain performance conditions
from our 2005 stock option grants.
Selling, General and Administrative
Expenses. Our selling, general and administrative
expenses increased by 2.9% from $4.5 million in 2008 to
$4.6 million in 2009, and decreased significantly as a
percentage of revenue, from 8.1% to 3.9%, due to our higher
revenue. The increase of selling, general and administrative
expenses was due primarily to an increase of $0.8 million
in salary, accrued bonus and benefits, partially offset by a
decrease of $0.7 million in share-based compensation
expenses. Our share-based compensation expenses in 2009
decreased from 2008 primarily because we had incurred an
incremental $0.8 million of share-based compensation
expense in 2008 when we removed certain performance conditions
from our 2005 stock option grants.
Income Tax Benefit (Expense). Our income tax
benefit (expense) changed from a benefit of $0.5 million in
2008 to an expense of $0.4 million in 2009. This change was
due primarily to a $0.2 million increase in current income
tax expenses and a $0.4 million decrease in deferred tax
assets in 2009 as compared to 2008. Additionally, there was a
$0.3 million release in valuation allowance that had
increased our income tax benefit in 2008 and had no such impact
in 2009.
Net Income. As a result of the above, our net
income increased significantly from $0.7 million, or 1.2%
of revenue, in 2008 to $11.3 million, or 9.6% of revenue,
in 2009.
Year
Ended December 31, 2008 Compared to Year Ended
December 31, 2007
Revenue. Our revenue increased by 306% from
$13.7 million in 2007 to $55.5 million in 2008. The
increase in revenue was due to a 503% increase in unit volume,
partially offset by a 33% decrease in average selling price. The
increase in unit volume was primarily due to the growing markets
and our growing market share for power amplifiers, FM radio
receivers, and
DVB-S
satellite tuners, and also due to higher FM radio receiver
attach rates. The decrease in average selling price was due in
part to the relative stability in our product mix in 2008, as
the price of mature products tends to drop relatively quickly.
Cost of Revenue. Our cost of revenue increased
by 326% from $8.8 million in 2007 to $37.6 million in
2008. This increase was due primarily to a large increase in
unit volume, partially offset by a reduction in average unit
cost due to decreasing die sizes and favorable pricing terms
negotiated with foundries as the volume of our purchases from
them increased.
58
Gross Margin. Our gross margin decreased from
35.5% in 2007 to 32.3% in 2008. This decrease was due primarily
to the number of new products we introduced in 2007. We had
introduced power amplifiers, FM radio receivers, and DVB-S
satellite tuners in 2007, and our margins on these products were
significantly lower in 2008 as these products matured and faced
more competition in their respective markets.
Research and Development Expenses. Our
research and development expenses increased by 86.6% from
$7.1 million in 2007 to $13.2 million in 2008, but
decreased significantly as a percentage of revenue, from 51.7%
to 23.8%, due to our higher revenue. This increase was due to
the incurrence of an incremental $2.3 million of
share-based
compensation expense in 2008 when we removed certain performance
conditions from our 2005 stock option grants, an increase of
$1.5 million in other personnel-related expenses relating
to increased head-count and increases in base pay and bonuses,
an increase of $1.2 million for tapeout expenses related to
product development, and an increase of $0.8 million for
purchases of intellectual property rights.
Selling, General and Administrative
Expenses. Our selling, general and administrative
expenses increased by 114% from $2.1 million in 2007 to
$4.5 million in 2008, but decreased as a percentage of
revenue, from 15.4% to 8.1%. This increase was due to the
incurrence of an incremental $0.8 million of share-based
compensation expense in 2008 when we removed certain performance
conditions from our 2005 stock option grants and an increase of
$0.9 million in other personnel-related expenses relating
to increased head count and increases in base pay and bonuses.
Income Tax Benefit (Expense). We had an income
tax benefit of $0.5 million in 2008, as compared to an
income tax expense of $0.2 million in 2007. This change was
due primarily to a $0.2 million reduction in current tax
expense and a $0.1 million increase in deferred tax assets
in 2008 as compared to 2007. Additionally, there was a
$0.3 million release in valuation allowance that increased
the income tax benefit in 2008. In 2007, $0.1 million
valuation allowance was made against the deferred tax assets.
Net Income (Loss). As a result of the above,
we had net income of $0.7 million in 2008, or 1.2% of
revenue, as compared to net loss of $4.5 million in 2007.
Selected
Quarterly Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our historical unaudited
consolidated selected quarterly results of operations for the
period indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
September 30
|
|
|
December 31
|
|
|
March 31
|
|
|
June 30
|
|
|
September 30
|
|
|
December 31
|
|
|
March 31
|
|
|
June 30
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
$
|
19,874
|
|
|
$
|
15,203
|
|
|
$
|
18,408
|
|
|
$
|
27,475
|
|
|
$
|
39,537
|
|
|
$
|
32,953
|
|
|
$
|
35,789
|
|
|
$
|
40,402
|
|
Cost of revenues
|
|
|
(13,387
|
)
|
|
|
(11,017
|
)
|
|
|
(13,981
|
)
|
|
|
(19,749
|
)
|
|
|
(27,359
|
)
|
|
|
(26,321
|
)
|
|
|
(26,877
|
)
|
|
|
(28,409
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
6,487
|
|
|
|
4,186
|
|
|
|
4,427
|
|
|
|
7,726
|
|
|
|
12,178
|
|
|
|
6,632
|
|
|
|
8,912
|
|
|
|
11,993
|
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
(2,996
|
)
|
|
|
(2,940
|
)
|
|
|
(3,593
|
)
|
|
|
(3,422
|
)
|
|
|
(3,520
|
)
|
|
|
(3,940
|
)
|
|
|
(4,261
|
)
|
|
|
(3,998
|
)
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
(1,039
|
)
|
|
|
(1,135
|
)
|
|
|
(969
|
)
|
|
|
(978
|
)
|
|
|
(1,160
|
)
|
|
|
(1,542
|
)
|
|
|
(1,515
|
)
|
|
|
(1,499
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
(4,035
|
)
|
|
|
(4,075
|
)
|
|
|
(4,562
|
)
|
|
|
(4,400
|
)
|
|
|
(4,680
|
)
|
|
|
(5,482
|
)
|
|
|
(5,776
|
)
|
|
|
(5,497
|
)
|
Income/(loss) from operations
|
|
|
2,452
|
|
|
|
111
|
|
|
|
(135
|
)
|
|
|
3,326
|
|
|
|
7,498
|
|
|
|
1,150
|
|
|
|
3,136
|
|
|
|
6,496
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
Other income/(expenses), net
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
77
|
|
|
|
(106
|
)
|
|
|
(44
|
)
|
|
|
(28
|
)
|
|
|
(35
|
)
|
|
|
(45
|
)
|
|
|
(12
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) before income tax expense
|
|
|
2,536
|
|
|
|
208
|
|
|
|
(235
|
)
|
|
|
3,290
|
|
|
|
7,488
|
|
|
|
1,140
|
|
|
|
3,128
|
|
|
|
6,518
|
|
Income tax benefit/(expense)
|
|
|
1,876
|
|
|
|
155
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
(82
|
)
|
|
|
(191
|
)
|
|
|
(110
|
)
|
|
|
(413
|
)
|
|
|
(860
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss)
|
|
$
|
4,412
|
|
|
$
|
363
|
|
|
$
|
(229
|
)
|
|
$
|
3,208
|
|
|
$
|
7,297
|
|
|
$
|
1,030
|
|
|
$
|
2,715
|
|
|
$
|
5,658
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
59
The following table sets forth our historical unaudited
consolidated selected quarterly results of operations for the
periods indicated, as a percentage of revenue.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
September 30
|
|
|
December 31
|
|
|
March 31
|
|
|
June 30
|
|
|
September 30
|
|
|
December 31
|
|
|
March 31
|
|
|
June 30
|
|
|
|
(as percentage of revenue)
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
Cost of revenues
|
|
|
(67.4
|
)
|
|
|
(72.5
|
)
|
|
|
(76.0
|
)
|
|
|
(71.9
|
)
|
|
|
(69.2
|
)
|
|
|
(79.9
|
)
|
|
|
(75.1
|
)
|
|
|
(70.3
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
32.6
|
|
|
|
27.5
|
|
|
|
24.0
|
|
|
|
28.1
|
|
|
|
30.8
|
|
|
|
20.1
|
|
|
|
24.9
|
|
|
|
29.7
|
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
(15.1
|
)
|
|
|
(19.3
|
)
|
|
|
(19.5
|
)
|
|
|
(12.5
|
)
|
|
|
(8.9
|
)
|
|
|
(12.0
|
)
|
|
|
(11.9
|
)
|
|
|
(9.9
|
)
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
(5.2
|
)
|
|
|
(7.5
|
)
|
|
|
(5.3
|
)
|
|
|
(3.6
|
)
|
|
|
(2.9
|
)
|
|
|
(4.7
|
)
|
|
|
(4.2
|
)
|
|
|
(3.7
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
(20.3
|
)
|
|
|
(26.8
|
)
|
|
|
(24.8
|
)
|
|
|
(16.1
|
)
|
|
|
(11.8
|
)
|
|
|
(16.7
|
)
|
|
|
(16.1
|
)
|
|
|
(13.6
|
)
|
Income/(loss) from operations
|
|
|
12.3
|
|
|
|
0.7
|
|
|
|
(0.8
|
)
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
|
|
19.0
|
|
|
|
3.4
|
|
|
|
8.8
|
|
|
|
16.1
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
0.0
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
0.0
|
|
|
|
0.0
|
|
|
|
0.0
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
0.0
|
|
Other income/(expenses), net
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
|
|
|
(0.5
|
)
|
|
|
0.0
|
|
|
|
(0.1
|
)
|
|
|
0.0
|
|
|
|
(0.1
|
)
|
|
|
(0.0
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) before income tax expense
|
|
|
12.8
|
|
|
|
1.4
|
|
|
|
(1.3
|
)
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
|
|
18.9
|
|
|
|
3.5
|
|
|
|
8.8
|
|
|
|
16.1
|
|
Income tax benefit/(expense)
|
|
|
9.4
|
|
|
|
1.0
|
|
|
|
0.0
|
|
|
|
(0.3
|
)
|
|
|
(0.5
|
)
|
|
|
(0.3
|
)
|
|
|
(1.2
|
)
|
|
|
(2.1
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss)
|
|
|
22.2
|
|
|
|
2.4
|
|
|
|
(1.3
|
)
|
|
|
11.7
|
|
|
|
18.4
|
|
|
|
3.2
|
|
|
|
7.6
|
|
|
|
14.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our revenue and operating results have fluctuated in the past
from quarter to quarter due in part to seasonal variations in
demand for mobile handsets, set-top boxes, and other consumer
electronics that incorporate our products. Typically, we have
higher sales during the third quarter of each year as vendors in
China stock up for the National Day holiday at the beginning of
October. In addition, business activities in China generally
slow down in the first quarter of each year during the Chinese
New Year period, which adversely affects our sales and results
of operations during the period. Due to our limited operating
history, the seasonal trends that we have experienced in the
past may not apply to, or be indicative of, our future operating
results.
Revenue
Our revenue has generally increased from quarter to quarter as
we have generally experienced significant volume growth quarter
to quarter due to market share gains for our products, the
introduction of new products and the growth of our target
markets. The fourth quarter each year is typically slower than
the third quarter, and we generally see declines in volumes
across all product categories. For example, in 2008 we recorded
$15.2 million revenues in the fourth quarter as compared to
$19.9 million revenues in the third quarter, while in 2009
we recorded $33.0 million revenues in the fourth quarter as
compared to $39.5 million revenues in the third quarter. As
the fourth quarter is generally slower, we normally experience
marginally higher declines in average selling prices during this
quarter. In 2008, the fourth quarter was also impacted by the
global financial crisis, as our customers were reluctant to
build up their inventory levels as they anticipated reduced
market demand.
Our revenue has also been impacted by the regulatory environment
in the PRC and other countries. The PRC government announced
that it would require satellite television set-top boxes to meet
conditional access system standards beginning in January 2010,
which led to a slowdown in our customer’s shipments of
DVB-S set-top boxes in the first and second quarters of 2010. In
addition, the Chinese government cracked down on certain Chinese
handset manufacturers for not paying applicable import duties
and for installing malware on their handsets, which disrupted
production by these manufacturers and caused a slowdown in
mobile phone shipments in June 2010, which in turn affected
demand for our products.
Our revenues from new product introductions have generally
increased from quarter to quarter as we have sought to expand
our product portfolio. In particular, we are seeing increasing
contribution to our revenues from our connectivity products,
which we started to introduce in 2009.
60
Gross
Margin
Our gross margins have fluctuated over the last eight quarters
from a high of 32.6% in the third quarter of 2008 to a low of
20.1% in the fourth quarter of 2009. Although we have increased
revenue by introducing new products and achieved reductions in
unit costs as we have decreased die sizes, improved
manufacturing yields and negotiated more favorable pricing with
our vendors, these positive trends have been outweighed by the
effect of declining average selling prices and writedowns of
excess or obsolete inventory. The decline in our margins in the
fourth quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009 was mainly
due to significant price reductions in our FM radio receivers in
response to price cuts by one of our competitors. The
significant decline in margin in the fourth quarter of 2009 was
due primarily to a sharp decline in the average selling price of
our Bluetooth
system-on-chip
as a result of increased competition, as well as to a
$1.9 million aggregate writedown of excess inventory and
loss for non-cancelable purchase commitments on our analog
mobile television receiver. Our gross margin in the first and
second quarters of 2010 increased from the fourth quarter of
2009 due to continued unit cost improvements, including initial
shipments of our lower cost Bluetooth product. This improvement
was partially offset by inventory writedowns primarily relating
to excess inventory of one of our power amplifier products.
Operating
Expenses
Our operating expenses increased from around $4.0 million
in the third and fourth quarters of 2008 to $5.8 million in
the first quarter of 2010 as we expanded our research and
development efforts and sales and marketing activities.
Throughout most of 2009, our total operating expenses remained
relatively steady from quarter to quarter at around
$4.5 million, but they ramped up in the fourth quarter to
$5.5 million as we further expanded our research and
development efforts and incurred increased audit and legal
expenses connected with our preparations for this offering, and
our total operating expenses for the first two quarters of 2010
remained at this higher level. As a percentage of revenue, our
operating expenses in 2009 were in the range of 11.8% to 24.8%,
reflecting improved operating leverage as we ramped up our
revenues. In the first two quarters of 2010, our total operating
expenses were in the range of 13.6% to 16.1%, reflecting
improving operating leverage.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
To date, we have financed our operations primarily through cash
flows from our issuances and sales of convertible redeemable
preferred shares and, beginning in 2008, cash flows from
operations.
As of December 31, 2008 and 2009 and June 30, 2010, we
had $13.2 million, $24.6 million and
$21.4 million, respectively, in cash and cash equivalents.
Our cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash on hand
and demand deposits with original maturities of three months or
less that are placed with banks and other financial institutions.
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for
the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended
|
|
For the Six Months
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2009
|
|
2009
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
|
|
$
|
(3,032
|
)
|
|
$
|
5,968
|
|
|
$
|
13,961
|
|
|
$
|
5,615
|
|
|
$
|
2,383
|
|
Net cash (used in) investing activities
|
|
|
(898
|
)
|
|
|
(1,045
|
)
|
|
|
(2,634
|
)
|
|
|
(1,038
|
)
|
|
|
(10,296
|
)
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
10,445
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
133
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4,680
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
6,534
|
|
|
|
5,152
|
|
|
|
11,468
|
|
|
|
4,579
|
|
|
|
(3,244
|
)
|
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period
|
|
|
1,484
|
|
|
|
8,018
|
|
|
|
13,170
|
|
|
|
13,170
|
|
|
|
24,638
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period
|
|
$
|
8,018
|
|
|
$
|
13,170
|
|
|
$
|
24,638
|
|
|
$
|
17,749
|
|
|
$
|
21,394
|
|
61
Operating
Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities amounted to $2.4
million for the six months ended June 30, 2010. We increased our
inventories by $6.0 million (before a non-cash writedown of $1.4
million) in anticipation of higher sales, and our accounts
receivable increased by $4.5 million and our deferred revenue
increased by $2.3 million, both in line with our increased
revenue.
Net cash provided by operating activities amounted to
$14.0 million in 2009. Our accounts payable increased by
$12.6 million and our inventories by $20.2 million
(before a non-cash
write-down
of $2.9 million) as we increased the size of our
inventories to support our increased sales. Our deferred revenue
increased by $2.8 million, in line with our increase in
inventory. The principal non-cash items accounting for the
difference between our net income and our net cash provided by
operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2009
were $2.9 million in inventory
write-downs,
$0.8 million in share-based compensation, and
$0.6 million in depreciation and amortization.
Net cash provided by operating activities amounted to
$6.0 million in 2008. Our inventories increased by
$4.6 million (before a non-cash
write-down
of $0.6 million) and our accounts payable increased by
$5.3 million as we increased the size of our inventories to
support our increased sales. Our accounts receivable increased
by $1.7 million, at a slower rate than the increase of
inventory and accounts payable, primarily due to faster
collection of accounts receivable. Our deferred revenue
increased by $0.3 million, in line with our increase in
inventory. The principal non-cash items accounting for the
difference between our net income and our net cash provided by
operating activities in 2008 were $3.7 million in
share-based compensation, $0.6 million in inventory
write-downs,
and $0.5 million in depreciation and amortization.
Net cash used in operating activities amounted to
$3.0 million in 2007. Our accounts receivable increased by
$3.0 million as our revenue increased. Our inventories
increased by $2.3 million as we increased the size of our
inventories to support our increased sales. Our deferred revenue
increased by $2.3 million, reflecting amounts invoiced to
distributors. Our accounts payable increased by
$2.3 million, in line with the increase in our cost of
revenue. The principal non-cash item accounting for the
difference between our net loss and our net cash used in
operating activities in 2007 was $0.4 million in
depreciation and amortization.
Investing
Activities
Net cash used by investing activities amounted to
$10.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010,
primarily due to the purchase of short-term investments of
$11.4 million in a time deposit.
Net cash used by investing activities amounted to
$2.6 million in 2009, primarily due to the sales of
short-term investments of $0.7 million and the purchase of
short-term investments of $2.0 million in a time deposit
and $1.3 million for purchases of lab testing equipment,
software, computer equipment and other items related to our
product development activities.
Net cash used in investing activities amounted to
$1.0 million in 2008, primarily due to the use of
$0.4 million as a deposit for a standby letter of credit
and $0.7 million for purchases of lab testing equipment and
other items related to our product development activities.
Net cash used in investing activities amounted to
$0.9 million in 2007 for purchases of lab testing equipment
and other items related to our product development activities.
Financing
Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $4.7 million
for the six months ended June 30, 2010, due to proceeds
from the sale of our ordinary shares to an investor for
$4.2 million and $0.5 million from the repayment of
recourse loans that we had made to employees to facilitate the
exercise of their employee stock options.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.1 million
in 2009 due to proceeds from the repayment of recourse loans to
employees to facilitate the exercise of employee stock options.
Net cash provided by financing activities was nil in 2008.
62
Net cash provided by financing activities amounted to
$10.4 million in 2007, of which $10.0 million was due
to the issuance and sale of our Series C convertible
redeemable preferred shares and $0.4 million was due to
cash collected in 2007 on the issuance and sale of our ordinary
shares in 2006.
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, our
anticipated cash flows from operations, and the net proceeds
from this offering will be sufficient to meet our anticipated
working capital requirements and capital expenditures for the
12 months following this offering. We do not anticipate
that our current expansion plans will require significant
capital commitments due to the scalability of our business
model. We do, however, expect to invest in the further
development of our technology platform to support our long-term
growth.
Conversion
of Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares
Our convertible redeemable preferred shares, which are accounted
for as mezzanine securities in our historical consolidated
financial statements, automatically convert into ordinary shares
immediately upon the closing of this offering. The following
unaudited pro forma information reflects the automatic
conversion of all of our outstanding Series A,
Series B and Series C convertible redeemable preferred
shares into 157,629,642 ordinary shares immediately upon the
completion of this offering:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of June 30, 2010
|
|
|
|
Actual
|
|
|
Pro Forma
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
|
Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A
|
|
$
|
12,880
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Series B
|
|
|
6,281
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Series C
|
|
|
11,157
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Shareholder’s equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary shares
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
$
|
2,099
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
9,720
|
|
|
|
38,462
|
|
Recourse loans
|
|
|
(1,214
|
)
|
|
|
(1,214
|
)
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
|
510
|
|
|
|
510
|
|
Retained earnings
|
|
|
637
|
|
|
|
637
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders’ equity
|
|
$
|
10,176
|
|
|
$
|
40,494
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital
Expenditures
Our capital expenditures amounted to $0.9 million,
$0.7 million, $1.3 million and $0.2 million in
2007, 2008 and 2009 and for the six months ended June 30,
2010, respectively. In the past, our capital expenditures
consisted principally of purchases of lab testing equipment,
intellectual property licenses, and software, development tools,
computer equipment and other items related to our product
development activities. We expect our capital expenditures in
2010 to consist principally of similar types of items.
63
Contractual
Obligations and Commercial Commitments
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and
commercial commitments as of December 31, 2009:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payment Due by Period
|
|
|
|
|
Less Than
|
|
1-3
|
|
3-5
|
|
More Than
|
|
|
Total
|
|
1 Year
|
|
Years
|
|
Years
|
|
5 Years
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
Operating lease obligations
|
|
$
|
498
|
|
|
$
|
381
|
|
|
$
|
117
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Other commitments
|
|
|
2,680
|
|
|
|
1,570
|
|
|
|
1,110
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Capital commitments
|
|
|
200
|
|
|
|
200
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Purchase obligations
|
|
|
15,663
|
|
|
|
15,663
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
19,041
|
|
|
$
|
17,814
|
|
|
$
|
1,227
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and
commercial commitments as of June 30, 2010:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payment Due by Period
|
|
|
|
|
July 1, 2010 to
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
December 31,
2010
|
|
2011-2012
|
|
After 2013
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
Operating lease obligations
|
|
$
|
347
|
|
|
$
|
179
|
|
|
$
|
168
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Other commitments
|
|
|
4,585
|
|
|
|
1,550
|
|
|
|
3,035
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Capital commitments
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Purchase obligations
|
|
|
29,319
|
|
|
|
29,319
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
34,275
|
|
|
$
|
31,072
|
|
|
$
|
3,203
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our purchase obligations reflect orders that we have placed with
foundries and with testing and packaging vendors for
manufacturing our products. See “Risk Factors —
Risks Related to Our Business — Because we do not have
long-term commitments from our customers, we must estimate
customer demand, and our ability to accurately forecast demand
for and sales of our products is limited, which may have
negative effects on our inventory levels, sales and results of
operations.”
We have excluded any potential obligations with respect to
uncertain tax positions from the table above as there is a high
degree of uncertainty regarding the amount and timing of future
cash outflows, if any.
Other than the obligations set forth above, we did not have any
other long-term debt obligations, operating lease obligations,
purchase obligations or other long-term liabilities as of
June 30, 2010.
Off-Balance
Sheet Commitments and Arrangements
We have not entered into any financial guarantees or other
commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third
parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts that
are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholder’s
equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial
statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or
contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated
entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support
to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any
unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market
risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or
research and development services with us.
64
Inflation
To date, inflation in China has not materially impacted our
results of operations. According to the National Bureau of
Statistics of China, the consumer price index in China increased
4.8% and 5.9% in 2007 and 2008, respectively, and decreased 0.7%
in 2009.
Market
Risks
Interest
Rate Risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the
interest income generated by bank deposits with original
maturities of three months or less. We have not used any
derivative financial instruments to manage our interest risk
exposure. Interest-earning instruments carry a degree of
interest rate risk. We have not been exposed to material risks
due to changes in interest rates. However, our future interest
income may be lower than expected due to changes in market
interest rates.
Foreign
Exchange Risk
All of our revenue and most of our cost of revenue are
denominated in U.S. dollars, while most of our expenses are
denominated in RMB. We are also exposed to foreign exchange risk
on the U.S. dollar proceeds of this offering, part of which
we expect to convert into RMB over time for the uses discussed
elsewhere under “Use of Proceeds.” We believe the
impact of foreign currency risk is not material and we have not
used any forward contracts, currency borrowings or derivative
instruments to hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange
risk.
The value of your investment in our ADSs may be affected by the
foreign exchange rate between U.S. dollars and RMB, even
though we use the U.S. dollar as our functional and
reporting currency, because most of our expenses are denominated
in RMB and the functional currency of our PRC subsidiaries is
the RMB while the ADSs will be traded in U.S. dollars. Our
functional currency is the U.S. dollar because most of our
revenue, cost of revenue, and financings are denominated in
U.S. dollars.
The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other
currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in
China’s political and economic conditions and China’s
foreign exchange policies. On July 21, 2005, the PRC
government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of
the RMB to the U.S. dollar, and the RMB appreciated more
than 20% against the U.S. dollar over the following three
years. However, the People’s Bank of China regularly
intervenes in the foreign exchange market to limit fluctuations
in RMB exchange rates and achieve policy goals. For almost two
years after July 2008, the RMB traded within a narrow range
against the U.S. dollar, remaining within 1% of its July
2008 high. As a consequence, the RMB fluctuated significantly
during that period against other freely traded currencies, in
tandem with the U.S. dollar. In June 2010, the Chinese
government announced that it would increase RMB exchange rate
flexibility, and the RMB has begun to appreciate against the
U.S. dollar again. However, it remains unclear how much
flexibility will be permitted.
To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we
receive from this offering into RMB for our operations,
acquisitions, or other uses within the PRC, appreciation of the
RMB against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on
the RMB amount we receive from the conversion. To the extent
that we seek to convert RMB into U.S. dollars, depreciation
of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse
effect on the U.S. dollar amount we receive from the
conversion. As of June 30, 2010, we had RMB-denominated
cash balances of RMB26.9 million and
U.S. dollar-denominated cash balances of
$17.6 million. Assuming we had converted the
RMB-denominated cash balance of RMB26.9 million into
U.S. dollars at the exchange rate of $1.00 for RMB6.7909 as
of June 30, 2010, this cash balance would have been
$4.0 million. Assuming a 1.0% depreciation of the RMB
against the U.S. dollar, this cash balance would have
decreased to $3.9 million.
Recent
Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2007, the FASB issued revised guidance on accounting
for business combinations and
non-controlling
interests. The guidance changes the accounting for and reporting
of business combination transactions and noncontrolling
interests in consolidated financial statements. It requires
changes in classification and presentation of minority interests
in the consolidated balance sheets, statements of income, and
statements of
65
stockholders’ equity. The revised guidance was effective
for us beginning on January 1, 2009. The adoption of the
guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated
financial statements.
In March 2008, the FASB issued revised guidance to expand
disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging
activities. The guidance provides greater transparency about
(i) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments,
(ii) how derivative instruments and related hedge items are
accounted, and (iii) how derivative instruments and related
hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, results
of operations and cash flows. To meet those objectives, the
guidance requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and
strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about
fair value amounts of gains and losses on derivative instruments
and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in
derivative agreements. The guidance was effective for us
beginning on January 1, 2009 and did not have a material
impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In April 2009, the FASB issued guidance on Recognition and
Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments. This guidance
amends the other-than-temporary impairment guidance in
U.S. GAAP for debt securities to make the guidance more
operational and to improve the presentation and disclosure of
other
than-temporary
impairments on debt and equity securities in the financial
statements. This guidance does not amend existing recognition
and measurement guidance related to other-than-temporary
impairments of equity securities. This guidance is effective no
later than periods ending after June 15, 2009. The adoption
of this guidance did not have a material impact on our
consolidated financial statements.
In May 2009, the FASB issued guidance on subsequent events that
establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure
of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before
financial statements are issued or are available to be issued.
Specifically, this guidance provides (i) the period after
the balance sheet date during which management of a reporting
entity should evaluate events or transactions that may occur for
potential recognition or disclosure in the financial statements,
(ii) the circumstances under which an entity should
recognize events or transactions occurring after the balance
sheet date in its financial statements and (iii) the
disclosures that an entity should make about events or
transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date. In
February 2010, the FASB amended the requirements to eliminate
the requirement for SEC filers to disclose the date through
which they have evaluated subsequent events and refine the scope
of the disclosure requirements for reissued financial
statements. The adoption of this guidance did not have any
material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2009, the FASB issued revised guidance on the
consolidation of variable interest entities. The revised
guidance eliminates previous exceptions to consolidating
qualifying special-purpose entities, contains new criteria for
determining the primary beneficiary, and increases the frequency
of required reassessments to determine whether a company is the
primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity. The revised
guidance also contains a new requirement that any term,
transaction, or arrangement that does not have a substantive
effect on an entity’s status as a variable interest entity,
a company’s power over a variable interest entity or a
company’s obligation to absorb losses or its right to
receive benefits of a entity must be disregarded in applying the
other provisions. The revised guidance will be effective for the
fiscal year beginning January 1, 2010. The adoption of this
guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated
financial statements.
In August 2009, the FASB issued guidance on Fair Value
Measurements and Disclosures — Measuring Liabilities
at Fair Value. The new guidance aims to provide clarification
relating to the fair value measurement of liabilities, specially
in circumstances where a quoted price in an active market for
the identical liability is not available, a reporting entity is
required to measure fair value using certain prescribed
techniques. Techniques highlighted included using (i) the
quoted price of the identical liability when traded as an asset,
(ii) quoted prices for similar liabilities when traded as
assets, or (iii) another valuation technique that is
consistent with the principles of fair value measurements. The
new guidance also clarifies that when estimating the fair value
of a liability, a reporting entity is not required to include a
separate input or adjustment to other inputs relating to the
existence of a restriction that prevents the transfer of the
liability. Finally, the guidance clarifies that both a quoted
price in an active market for the identical liability and the
quoted price for the identical liability when traded as an asset
in an active market when no adjustment to the quoted price of
the asset are required are Level 1 fair value measurements.
The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on
our consolidated financial statements.
In October 2009, the FASB issued an accounting standard update
on revenue recognition relating to multiple deliverable revenue
arrangements. The fair value requirements of existing accounting
guidance are modified by
66
allowing the use of the “best estimate of selling
price” in addition to vendor-specific objective evidence
and third-party evidence for determining the selling price of a
deliverable. A vendor is now required to use its best estimate
of the selling price when vendor-specific objective evidence or
third-party evidence of the selling price cannot be determined.
In addition, the residual method of allocating arrangement
consideration is no longer permitted. This update requires
expanded qualitative and quantitative disclosure and is
effective for fiscal years beginning on or after June 15,
2010, although early adoption is permitted. These updates may be
applied either prospectively from the beginning of the fiscal
year for new or materially modified arrangements or
retrospectively. We are currently assessing the impact, if any,
that the adoption of this update will have on our consolidated
financial statements and disclosures.
In January 2010, the FASB issued an accounting standard update
on improving disclosures about fair value measurements. The
updated guidance amends existing disclosure requirements by
adding required disclosures about items transferring into and
out of Levels 1 and 2 in the fair value hierarchy; adding
separate disclosures about purchase, sales, issuances, and
settlements relative to Level 3 measurements; and
clarifying, among other things, the existing fair value
disclosures about the level of disaggregation. This update is
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2009, except for the requirement to provide Level 3
activity of purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements on a
gross basis, which is effective beginning the first quarter of
2011. Since this standard impacts disclosure requirements only,
its adoption will not have a material impact on our consolidated
results of operations or financial condition.
In April 2010, the FASB issued an update that provides guidance
on the criteria for determining whether the milestone method of
revenue recognition is appropriate. A vendor can recognize
consideration that is contingent upon achievement of a milestone
in its entirety as revenue in the period in which the milestone
is achieved only if the milestone meets all criteria to be
considered substantive. Determining whether a milestone is
substantive is a matter of judgment made at the inception of the
arrangement. A milestone should be considered substantive in its
entirety. An individual milestone may not be bifurcated. An
arrangement may include more than one milestone, and each
milestone should be evaluated separately to determine whether
the milestone is substantive. A vendor’s decision to use
the milestone method of revenue recognition for transactions
within the scope of the amendments in the April 2010 update is a
policy election. A vendor that is affected by the amendments in
this update is required to provide certain disclosures. This
update is effective on a prospective basis for milestones
achieved in fiscal years, and interim periods within those
years, beginning on or after June 15, 2010. Early adoption
is permitted with certain disclosures required. A vendor may
also elect, but is not required, to adopt the amendments in this
update retrospectively for all prior periods. We are currently
assessing the impact, if any, that the adoption of the update
will have on our consolidated financial statements and
disclosures.
In April 2010, FASB issued amendments to Topic 718 to
clarify that an employee share-based payment award with an
exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which
a substantial portion of the entity’s equity securities
trades should not be considered to contain a condition that is
not a market, performance, or service condition. Therefore, an
entity would not classify such an award as a liability if it
otherwise qualifies as equity. The amendments in this update are
effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those
fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2010. The
amendments in this update should be applied by recording a
cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained
earnings. Earlier application is permitted. We are currently
assessing the impact from the adoption of this update.
67
BUSINESS
Overview
We are a China-based fabless semiconductor company that designs,
develops and markets radio-frequency and
mixed-signal
semiconductors for a broad range of cellular, broadcast, and
connectivity applications. According to iSuppli, we are the
second largest provider of analog application specific standard
products (which include
radio-frequency
and mixed-signal semiconductors) for wireless communications
based in Asia Pacific as measured by revenues in 2009. We
shipped our first product in 2005, and our diversified product
portfolio currently includes power amplifiers, transceivers and
front-end modules, FM radio receivers, set-top box tuners,
analog mobile television receivers, walkie-talkie transceivers,
LNB satellite downconverters and Bluetooth system-on-chip.
Our core competency is the design of highly integrated,
high-performance radio-frequency and mixed-signal
system-on-chip. We have developed our core competency through a
combination of technical know-how, system and application level
knowledge and expertise in mixed-signal integrated circuits
which convert real-world analog signals, such as sound and radio
waves, into digital signals that electronic products can
process. Through internal development and licensing, we have
assembled an extensive library of
radio-frequency,
mixed-signal, and digital signal processing building blocks
which enables us to develop our comprehensive system-level
intellectual property. Our system-level intellectual property
includes FM, Bluetooth, WiFi, GPS, analog mobile television,
CMMB, DAB, and other radio-frequency components including 2G and
3G transceivers, DVB-T and DVB-S tuners, and power amplifiers.
Our technology platform, comprising all the above, enables us to
improve our design efficiency, increase the productivity of our
engineers and develop new products quickly to meet customer
requirements.
We currently have more than 500 customers, almost all of which
are located in our primary market, China. Since our inception,
over 800 million units of our products have been
incorporated into mobile handsets, set-top boxes, MP3 players
and other wireless and consumer electronic devices and sold in
China, Southeast Asia, India, the Middle East, Africa, Russia,
and Latin America. Our customers include all of the top 10
branded handset manufacturers in China in terms of number of
units sold in the first half of 2010 as measured by iSuppli,
including ZTE, Huawei, Tianyu, and TCL, and all of the top 20
design houses in China in terms of number of units sold in the
first half of 2010 as measured by iSuppli, including Longcheer,
Huiye, Tinno and Wingtech. According to the iSuppli Report, we
were the leading supplier of FM radio receivers and DVB-S
tuners, the second-largest supplier of Bluetooth system-on-chip
and the third-largest supplier of power amplifiers to Chinese
manufacturers in the six months ended June 30, 2010.
We recorded revenue of $118.4 million and net income of
$11.3 million in 2009, and revenue of $76.2 million
and net income of $8.4 million in the six months ended
June 30, 2010.
Industry
Background
Wireless
Communications
Over the past two decades, wireless communications technologies
have evolved dramatically in response to the growth of the
Internet, the spread of cellular and broadcast networks, and the
emergence of video and data-intensive applications. The mobile
handset market represents the largest market for radio-frequency
and mixed-signal semiconductors in terms of volume. Mobile
handsets increasingly incorporate a wide variety of functions,
allowing end users to send text messages,
e-mails and
video clips, take photographs and video clips, access the
Internet, use location-based services, pay bills, watch
television or listen to the radio, and connect to other consumer
electronic devices. Advances in performance and reduction in
cost are also enabling the adoption of wireless communications
technologies into other consumer electronics devices, such as
netbooks, tablets and laptops, portable media players, portable
navigation devices and
e-book
readers.
68
Wireless communications technologies have evolved through
generations of wireless protocols. Most mobile handsets are
based on 2G (including 2.5G and 2.75G) technologies, while the
increasing availability and adoption of 3G services will lead to
greater demand for handsets based on 3G technologies. The
following table, from the iSuppli Report, shows estimates and
forecasts of the proportion of 2G and 3G handsets sold or to be
sold in emerging and developed markets from 2009 to 2014.
According to the iSuppli Report, 2G technology is expected to
remain the dominant standard in emerging markets and will make
up 42.5% of total mobile handset shipments worldwide in 2014.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
2010
|
|
2011
|
|
2012
|
|
2013
|
|
2014
|
|
|
(millions of units)
|
|
Emerging markets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2G
|
|
|
771
|
|
|
|
902
|
|
|
|
957
|
|
|
|
901
|
|
|
|
833
|
|
|
|
750
|
|
3G
|
|
|
126
|
|
|
|
186
|
|
|
|
249
|
|
|
|
325
|
|
|
|
417
|
|
|
|
516
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Emerging markets total
|
|
|
897
|
|
|
|
1,088
|
|
|
|
1,206
|
|
|
|
1,226
|
|
|
|
1,250
|
|
|
|
1,266
|
|
Developed markets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2G
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
53
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
3G
|
|
|
299
|
|
|
|
368
|
|
|
|
420
|
|
|
|
452
|
|
|
|
484
|
|
|
|
498
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developed markets total
|
|
|
399
|
|
|
|
421
|
|
|
|
447
|
|
|
|
465
|
|
|
|
484
|
|
|
|
498
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Worldwide total
|
|
|
1,296
|
|
|
|
1,509
|
|
|
|
1,653
|
|
|
|
1,691
|
|
|
|
1,734
|
|
|
|
1,764
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rich
Features Driving Product Cycle Growth of Mobile
Handsets
A parallel industry development has been the increasing
connectivity, computing and multimedia capabilities of both 2G
and 3G mobile handsets, broadly defined as smartphones or rich
feature handsets. There is growing worldwide demand for
smartphones, due to the sophisticated computing capabilities,
enhanced user interfaces, rich multimedia experiences, and
proliferation of internet-centric applications of these devices.
The creative use of these features enhances user experience and
drives the sale of both 2G and 3G mobile handsets. The attach
rates of these rich features are growing, and we believe most of
these features will eventually become standard offerings in 2G
and 3G mobile handsets.
Technical
Challenges to Wireless Semiconductor Vendors
As mobile handset designs incorporate more diverse functions and
advanced computing capabilities, manufacturers compete to
include the largest number of functions while minimizing space
requirements and power consumption. This creates two significant
challenges for semiconductor companies. The first challenge is
how to use the most advanced process technology to develop
powerful processors that can run increasingly complex software
to deliver sophisticated computing, multimedia and graphics on
mobile handsets. This challenge is addressed by baseband and
application processor companies using digital semiconductor
technologies. The second challenge lies in integrating multiple
radio-frequency and mixed-signal technologies into complex
wireless system-level products.
Radio-frequency
and mixed-signal technologies do not scale down in form factor
at the same rate as digital semiconductor technologies. Also,
the more feature- and function-rich the wireless system-level
product, the greater the amount of signal interference generated
from the digital portion of the chip. Accordingly, the design
turnaround time, development cost and technical difficulty of
integrating radio-frequency and mixed-signal technologies are
significantly greater. To effectively address these challenges
requires expertise in both radio-frequency and
mixed-signal
semiconductor design.
69
Industry
Significance of Branded and White Box Manufacturers from
China
Chinese domestic branded and “white box” mobile
handset manufacturers have grown significantly and accounted for
31.1% of the 1.3 billion units of mobile handsets shipped
worldwide in 2009, according to the iSuppli Report. “White
box” refers to products sold under a “no-name”
brand or without a brand name. In addition to serving the
domestic market, Chinese mobile handset manufacturers have
significantly increased their exports to other emerging markets,
and according to the iSuppli Report this trend is expected to
continue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
2010
|
|
2011
|
|
2012
|
|
2013
|
|
2014
|
|
|
(millions of units)
|
|
Shipments by Chinese Mobile Handset Manufacturers
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Branded vs. White Box:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Branded
|
|
|
219
|
|
|
|
322
|
|
|
|
357
|
|
|
|
418
|
|
|
|
485
|
|
|
|
537
|
|
White Box
|
|
|
185
|
|
|
|
229
|
|
|
|
255
|
|
|
|
232
|
|
|
|
192
|
|
|
|
167
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
404
|
|
|
|
551
|
|
|
|
612
|
|
|
|
649
|
|
|
|
677
|
|
|
|
704
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Domestic China vs. Export:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Domestic
|
|
|
119
|
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
|
138
|
|
|
|
144
|
|
|
|
151
|
|
|
|
156
|
|
Export
|
|
|
285
|
|
|
|
421
|
|
|
|
474
|
|
|
|
505
|
|
|
|
526
|
|
|
|
549
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
404
|
|
|
|
551
|
|
|
|
612
|
|
|
|
649
|
|
|
|
677
|
|
|
|
704
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We believe that the evolution of China-based mobile handset
manufacturers mirrors past trends in other consumer electronics
markets such as the DVD, MP3, set-top box and television
markets. The availability of
low-cost
manufacturing capacity, independent handset design houses to
which manufacturers can outsource design functions, and turnkey
semiconductor solutions has reduced the initial upfront
development effort and cost, thereby significantly reducing
entry barriers. Development costs have fallen, development
cycles have shortened from one or two years to an average of one
or two months, and distribution costs have also declined
substantially.
Initially, the majority of Chinese mobile handset manufacturers
targeted domestic consumption. As the domestic market in China
developed, branded manufacturers grew in market share relative
to the white box manufacturers. At the same time, significant
demand existed in the export markets, primarily in emerging
markets, which has led to further expansion of total mobile
handset shipment volumes by Chinese manufacturers. Exports
include both branded manufacturers in China seeking
international business on a private-label basis with mobile
operators and leading brands in these export markets, as well as
white box manufacturers that sell internationally on a no-name
basis.
Challenges
to Wireless Semiconductor Vendors in China
The net effect of these developments has been a dramatic growth
in the number of new mobile handset manufacturers in China, with
a correspondingly steep increase in the total mobile handset
shipments by these China-based manufacturers. We believe the
rise of the Chinese branded and white box manufacturer is a
globally disruptive industry trend. Wireless semiconductor
companies need to compete on fundamentally different parameters
to address customers in this target market.
Mobile handset manufacturers in China have different
requirements than those based elsewhere, such as: different
product cost/performance trade-offs due to generally lower
levels of affordability and lower priced products in emerging
markets; higher levels of customer support for handset
manufacturers due to lower levels of internal design skills of
many Chinese mobile handset manufacturers; flexible logistic and
distribution arrangements due to the different wholesale and
retail-level distribution structures of their end markets; and
accelerated product cycles due to different competitive dynamics
and time-to-market pressures. Additionally, as these
manufacturers have become more sophisticated about handset
design, they are increasingly purchasing radio-frequency and
mixed-signal semiconductors based on the specific merits of a
vendor’s solution rather than relying on the generic
reference design framework provided by their baseband integrated
circuit vendors.
70
Multinational semiconductor companies with a global customer and
product development model, serving handset manufacturers that
are focused on developed markets, may face certain challenges in
adapting to the requirements of the China market. We believe
this has created an advantage for locally based semiconductor
suppliers, such as ourselves, who are closer to the customers,
better understand the market environment, and can build their
business to address the needs of customers with these different
requirements.
Our
Strengths
We believe that the following competitive strengths contribute
to our success and differentiate us from our competitors:
Advanced Radio-Frequency Design
Capabilities. The design of radio-frequency
semiconductors poses special challenges, such as the difficulty
of modeling the signal interference from the digital components
of the chip and effectively configuring multiple radios in a
single system, which traditionally has been resolved through
trial and error. We have developed proprietary CMOS-based
circuit topologies that make our radio-frequency design more
predictable and repeatable than traditional design approaches.
These proprietary topologies and our experience and know-how
significantly contribute to our design efficiency and
productivity. Our radio-frequency designs enable high degree of
linearity, resulting in products that have high signal clarity
and better voice and data reception and transmission.
Furthermore, our radio-frequency and mixed-signal technology has
very high tolerance to process variations, making it scalable to
advanced process geometries and allowing us to transfer our
processes and manufacture the same device at multiple foundries
with minimal incremental costs.
Wireless
System-on-Chip
Technology Platform. Through internal development
and licensing, we have assembled an extensive library of
radio-frequency, mixed-signal, and digital signal processing
building blocks, which enables us to develop our comprehensive
system-level intellectual property. Our system-level
intellectual property includes FM, Bluetooth, WiFi, GPS, analog
mobile television, CMMB, DAB, and other radio-frequency
components including 2G and 3G transceivers, DVB-T and DVB-S
tuners, and power amplifiers. We believe the knowledge and
know-how we have developed and our wireless system-on-chip
technology platform, comprising all of the above, are
transferable and applicable to other new products. This scalable
platform enables us to improve our design efficiency, increase
the productivity of our engineers and develop new products
quickly to meet customer requirements.
Track Record of Delivering Highly Integrated
Products. We believe the greatest challenge for
creating more complex wireless system-on-chip products lies in
integrating the radio-frequency and digital building blocks. Our
radio-frequency and digital signal processing know-how allows us
to develop wireless system-on-chip products for a wide variety
of cellular, broadcast and connectivity applications. For
example, we produced the first digital audio broadcast
system-on-chip to combine a tuner and demodulator on the same
die, which enables reduction of multiple chips by combining them
on a single chip. Our Bluetooth system-on-chip achieves
comparable die size as the industry-leading solution even though
the industry-leading solution employs a more advanced process
geometry node.
Broad Product Portfolio and Proven Product Development
Ability. We continue to develop a wide variety of
radio-frequency and mixed-signal products for multiple
applications including cellular, broadcast and connectivity. Our
portfolio currently comprises over 20 products. We believe
that our expanding product portfolio allows us to provide
additional products to our new and existing customers and to
cross sell our products to our established customers. We believe
that the technical expertise, tenacity in problem solving,
strong work ethic and collaborative culture of our engineering
team enable us to develop products efficiently. Our engineers
have been able to quickly master new technologies, integrate
them into our designs and create competitive products with fast
time-to-market. With a team of around a hundred engineers, we
have introduced a total of 15 new cellular, broadcast, and
connectivity products in 2009 and 2010 and achieved a leading
market share for a number of these products, such as FM radio
receivers and
DVB-S
tuners. We believe our ability to design and bring to market
products within a very short time frame aligns us with our
customers’ requirements.
71
Local Sales, Service, and Engineering
Advantage. Our sales personnel and our R&D
and field application engineers have a thorough understanding of
the needs and requirements of our customers, almost all of which
are located in China. Our field application engineers provide
extensive
on-site
support to our customers both before and after sales are made.
In many cases, the R&D engineers who originally developed
the product are also directly involved in implementing it at the
system level and supporting the customers who use it. In
addition, by making it easy for customers to substitute our
products in place of our competitors’ products in their
designs, we can gain market share without relying on any third
party’s reference designs.
Strong Engineering Team Led by Experienced Management
Team. We recruit engineers from China’s top
educational institutions, which graduate a large number of
engineers with advanced degrees each year, creating a large pool
of motivated and qualified candidates for the semiconductor
design industry. Our diverse portfolio of products and rapid and
frequent product cycles, coupled with our practice of assigning
engineers to multiple projects, allow our engineers to
participate in frequent tapeouts and quickly acquire the
necessary design skills. Our engineering team is led by Vincent
Tai, our co-founder and chief executive officer; Shuran Wei, our
co-founder and chief technical officer; and Liang Zhang and Jun
Chen, our senior vice presidents — who together have
over 60 years of experience in the
high-tech
industry in Silicon Valley and China.
Our
Strategies
We intend to build upon our competitive position serving
China’s mobile handset market and leverage our
radio-frequency and mixed-signal design expertise and our
system-level technology platform to become a leading provider of
semiconductor products in the global cellular, broadcast, and
connectivity markets. We plan to continue to focus on mobile
handsets as one of the largest electronics markets in the world,
but we will also continue to address specialty markets outside
of mobile handsets where highly integrated single chip solutions
requiring mixed-signal expertise can replace discrete components.
We plan to achieve this objective by pursuing the following
strategies:
Develop Highly Integrated Products. We seek to
incorporate new features and functions in our existing products
to remain competitive and gain market share while aggressively
reducing costs to maintain or improve margins. For example, we
have added FM capability to our Bluetooth solution. We have also
introduced power amplifier modules that employ integrated
passive device technology, thereby eliminating cost associated
with passive discrete components that are incorporated in the
traditional power amplifier module. We believe that these highly
integrated solutions will enable our customers to shorten their
product development cycles and design smaller form factor
applications with reduced power consumption at a lower cost.
Expand Our Offerings with High-Margin
Products. We intend to continue to expand our
product portfolio by developing and launching new products in
our existing markets as well as to target new markets. Our
strategy is to focus on products that enable us to realize and
maintain high gross margins. We believe that our radio-frequency
and mixed-signal capabilities position us well to capitalize on
a number of high-margin product categories in the handset and
non-handset markets. For example, we have recently developed
analog mobile television receivers for inclusion in mobile
handsets and low noise block (LNB) satellite downconverters to
be sold to satellite dish manufacturers. We will use our design
capabilities and our existing technology platform to expand our
product offerings, and also increase our intellectual property
portfolio through internal development and licensing from third
parties as appropriate.
Maintain and Expand Our Customer Base. We
intend to build on our existing customer relationships and gain
new customers to increase our sales by sharing our product
roadmaps and market information with these customers and
providing them with heightened levels of customer support. We
believe that a better understanding of their business will allow
us to address their needs more efficiently and cross-sell our
existing and new products. We also intend to selectively target
mobile device manufacturers that are based elsewhere in the
region outside of China.
Reduce Our Costs of Production. We evaluate
opportunities to reduce our costs of production by migrating to
smaller geometry, more advanced process technologies on a
product-by-product
basis. The
72
majority of our products are fabricated on CMOS process
technologies. We commenced production using a 110 nanometer
process in May 2010. In addition, we are developing a new
generation of products to be manufactured using
55 nanometer processes, with shipments expected to commence
in 2011.
Recruit, Develop, and Retain Highly Productive
Engineers. We are committed to recruiting,
developing, and retaining highly productive engineers to further
strengthen our expertise in the design, development, marketing
and sales of radio-frequency mixed-signal semiconductor
products. We intend to continue providing equity incentives and
career development opportunities to motivate and retain our
engineering talent.
Selectively Pursue Acquisitions. We plan to
selectively pursue acquisitions of intellectual property, design
teams, or companies that complement our strengths and will help
us execute our strategies. We believe that the acquisition of
complementary technologies will contribute to our ability to
design increasingly complex
system-on-chip.
Products
We design, develop, and market radio-frequency and mixed-signal
semiconductors for a broad range of cellular, broadcast, and
connectivity applications in consumer electronics devices,
principally in mobile handsets.
Cellular Products. Our cellular products,
including power amplifiers, switches, and transceivers for
mobile handsets, comprise the basic platform for wireless voice,
data or video transmission used on 2G and 3G family of
standards. The transceiver sits between the power amplifier and
the baseband and plays an important role in reception quality.
The power amplifier amplifies the radio signal from the
transceiver and sends the output through the antenna, while the
switch allows multi-band power amplifiers and multi-band
receivers to share the same antenna. The power amplifier is a
key component of the mobile handset because the efficiency of
the power amplifier affects the battery life. We have introduced
one of the first power amplifier modules that employs integrated
passive device (IPD) technology, thereby eliminating multiple
passive discrete components that are incorporated in a
traditional power amplifier module. This significantly reduces
the cost and module size, while providing improved yields and
higher reliability and utilizing standard packaging capacity. We
are also working on EDGE, CDMA and WEDGE transceivers for
possible introduction in 2011.
The following table shows our principal cellular products
currently in production, in each case showing the first year of
volume production:
|
|
|
|
|
Cellular Products
|
|
Year
|
|
GSM power amplifier module
|
|
|
2007
|
|
GSM power amplifier module with high power output
|
|
|
2008
|
|
GSM/EDGE power amplifier module
|
|
|
2009
|
|
3G switch module
|
|
|
2009
|
|
Radio frequency switch
|
|
|
2009
|
|
GSM power amplifier and switch module (IPD)
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SCDMA transceiver
|
|
|
2006
|
|
PHS transceiver
|
|
|
2007
|
|
GSM transceiver
|
|
|
2008
|
|
TD-SCDMA/GSM dual-mode transceiver
|
|
|
2009
|
|
TD-SCDMA transceiver
|
|
|
2010
|
|
Broadcast Products. Our broadcast products,
including radio and television receivers and tuners, receive
rich media content via broadcast technology on mobile handsets,
set-top boxes, portable media players, and other devices. Our FM
radio receivers are highly integrated single-chip broadcast FM
stereo radio receivers with a small form factor. They permit
reception of FM broadcasts through mobile handsets, portable
media players, and other portable devices. Our latest FM product
has a receiver and transmitter, which allows the user to share
music with others wirelessly. Our DVB-S tuner is a fully
integrated satellite set-top-box tuner compliant with the DVB-S
and
73
DVB-S2 and China’s ABS-S standards and can provide all of
the radio-frequency functions in set-top boxes. Our more
recently introduced DVB-T tuner offers excellent phase noise
reduction and very low implementation cost, and its fully
integrated design reduces board space requirements and
simplifies radio-frequency layout, thus lowering system cost. We
also began volume shipment of our LNB satellite downconverter
and our analog mobile television receiver for mobile handsets.
Our LNB satellite downconverter can convert 10 gigahertz
satellite signals into a lower frequency which set-top boxes can
receive and replaces the traditional discrete components, which
improves factory throughput and product consistency. Our analog
mobile television receiver is a fully integrated
system-on-chip
that allows the user to receive analog television broadcasts on
a mobile handset or other mobile device. We are also working on
CMMB products for possible introduction in 2011.
The following table shows our principal broadcast products
currently in production, in each case showing the first year of
volume production:
|
|
|
|
|
Broadcast Products
|
|
Year
|
|
FM radio receiver
|
|
|
2007
|
|
FM radio receiver with radio data system
|
|
|
2008
|
|
AM/FM radio receiver
|
|
|
2009
|
|
FM radio receiver and transmitter
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Analog mobile television receiver
system-on-chip
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DVB-S satellite tuner
|
|
|
2007
|
|
DVB-S2 satellite tuner
|
|
|
2008
|
|
LNB satellite downconverter
|
|
|
2009
|
|
DVB-T tuner
|
|
|
2010
|
|
Connectivity Products. Connectivity products
are products that enrich user experience by incorporating
additional two-way communications features into mobile handsets
and other devices. We produce highly integrated Bluetooth
system-on-chip with radio transceiver and baseband processor
that are compliant with Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
specification and provide an optimal solution for data and voice
applications. Bluetooth functionality in a mobile device allows
the user to connect to an earphone or a hands-free car speaker
phone or to share files with other mobile devices. We have
succeeded in integrating Bluetooth with an FM radio receiver as
a
system-on-chip.
We are also working on WiFi for mobile handset applications for
possible introduction in 2011.
The following table shows our principal connectivity products
currently in production, in each case showing the first year of
volume production:
|
|
|
|
|
Connectivity Products
|
|
Year
|
|
Bluetooth
system-on-chip
for mobile handsets
|
|
|
2009
|
|
Bluetooth + FM
system-on-chip
for mobile handsets
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Walkie-talkie transceiver for family radio service applications
|
|
|
2009
|
|
Walkie-talkie transceiver for professional applications
|
|
|
2010
|
|
Technology
We have developed high-performance CMOS-based radio-frequency
and mixed-signal technology and gallium arsenide-based
technology. CMOS, which stands for “complementary metal
oxide semiconductor,” is the most common technology for
manufacturing semiconductors and enables us to produce low cost,
power efficient products. The gallium arsenide (or GaAs)
fabrication process is more expensive, but it has advantages for
designing semiconductors for certain products, including
particularly power amplifiers, because it provides greater
linearity and higher power output.
We periodically evaluate the benefits, on a product-by-product
basis, of migrating to smaller geometry process technologies to
reduce our costs. We have begun to migrate from
130 nanometer to 110 nanometer geometry
74
processes and are developing Bluetooth and other products to be
manufactured using 55 nanometer processes in 2011.
An integrated wireless product is typically partitioned into
three major components: the controller, the
radio-frequency
component, and the digital signal processing component. We
believe that the primary complexity of creating larger wireless
system-level products is with the radio-frequency and digital
signal processing components, which requires expertise in analog
and mixed-signal technologies. The majority of our engineers
specialize in radio-frequency and digital signal processing
design. Implementation-level techniques for our radio-frequency
and digital signal processing blocks are refined every time we
tape out a new product, allowing us to further improve device
performance and reduce die sizes. We develop the controllers by
using CPUs licensed by third parties like ARM or MIPS, and
protocol and software stacks we developed, licensed or acquired.
We believe that we have considerable expertise in both front-end
design and back-end layout. In
radio-frequency
design, front-end design (i.e., circuit topology) determines the
ultimate performance limitations, and back-end layout determines
to what degree this performance can be achieved.
We have built a wireless system-on-chip technology platform that
we can utilize to increase design efficiency and raise the
productivity of our engineers. This allows us to achieve shorter
product cycles and faster
time-to-market.
Customers
We currently have more than 500 customers, almost all of which
are located in China. We sell our products primarily to mobile
handset design houses and manufacturers, set-top box design
houses and manufacturers, and other consumer electronics
manufacturers. Since our inception, over 800 million units
of our products have been incorporated into mobile handsets,
set-top boxes, MP3 players and other consumer electronic devices
and sold to consumers in China, Southeast Asia, India, the
Middle East, Africa, Russia, and Latin America. Our customers
include all of the top 10 branded handset manufacturers in China
as measured by iSuppli based on sales volume in the first half
of 2010, including ZTE, Huawei, Tianyu, and TCL, and all of the
top 20 design houses in China as measured by iSuppli based on
sales volume in the first half of 2010, including Longcheer,
Huiye, Tinno and Wingtech.
We have a diversified customer base and none of our customers
accounted for 10% or more of our revenue in 2008 or 2009 or for
the six months ended June 30, 2010. Our ten largest
customers accounted for 32.2% of our revenue for 2008, 30.7% for
2009 and 34.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2010.
We contact our customers frequently, sometimes on a weekly
basis, to assess their needs, and we adjust inventory levels and
foundry orders accordingly. However, guidance we receive from
our customers about future orders is not binding until they
actually place an order. See “Risk Factors —
Risks Related to Our Business — Because we do not have
long-term commitments from our customers, we must estimate
customer demand, and our ability to accurately forecast demand
for and sales of our products is limited, which may have
negative effects on our inventory levels, sales and results of
operations.”
We currently sell substantially all of our products through
three independent, non-exclusive distributors. These are Auctus
Technologies Group Limited, Arrow Asia Pac Ltd. and Giatek
Corporation Ltd. We expect the volume for Giatek Corporation
Ltd. to decrease and we have signed new distribution agreements
with China Achieve Limited and Versatech Microelectronics
Limited. These distributors provide storage, shipping, and other
logistical services to us and provide financing to our
customers. We have used other distributors in the past, and may
use other distributors in the future. While we issue invoices to
our distributors and ship products to them, we do not consider
them to be customers. Only in limited cases do we sell directly
to our customers.
We have entered into distribution agreements with each of our
distributors. Under the terms of these agreements, we provide a
one-year warranty on our products to the customers who buy
through our distributors. We refund the net purchase price for
any defective products returned under the warranty. We undertake
to indemnify the distributors for any losses they suffer or any
costs they incur due to our conduct or defects in our products,
and to indemnify both the distributors and our customers for any
losses they suffer due to our products having infringed
75
intellectual property rights. We warrant to our distributors
that we are the owner or licensee of all intellectual property
incorporated in our products. Our distribution agreements are
effective until terminated by either party and may be terminated
by either party without cause with 30 days’ written
notice. In the event of termination, we are required to
repurchase unsold inventory from the distributor, and if the
distributor terminates without cause, the repurchase price will
be reduced by a 5% handling charge.
We decide what products will be available through our
distributors, what prices the distributors pay for products, and
what prices the customers pay for products. We bill the
distributor at the time that the products are shipped to the
distributor, and we require payment from distributors within 30
to 60 days. (For the small number of direct sales to
customers, we require payment within 60 days.) Because the
distributors may return any unsold products of ours for a full
refund, we do not book revenue until the products are sold to
customers and we treat products shipped to distributors as our
inventory. We generally maintain about four weeks’
inventory for each product, some of which is held by our
distributors.
Sales and
Marketing
We market our products through our direct sales force and
through independent distributors. We organize our direct sales
force by region and have sales teams based in Beijing, Shanghai,
and Shenzhen.
We believe our sales force and distributors’ industry
knowledge helps make targeted approaches to potential customers
more efficient and more effective than mass marketing and
advertising, in particular because we must invest significant
time and effort into completing a sale after we have initially
identified and approached a potential customer.
Due to the complex and innovative nature of our products, our
experienced field application engineers work closely with
customers during the design process. A considerable amount of
effort is typically required prior to any sale to assist the
customer in incorporating our products into its design. We
provide our customers with reference designs for complete
systems integration including schematics, printed circuit board
layout files and software to accelerate time to market and
facilitate the design-in and application customization of our
products in their devices.
Our field application engineers (and, when necessary, our
R&D engineers) also provide
on-site
technical support to our customers both before and after sales
are made.
Intellectual
Property
Our future success depends in part upon our proprietary
technology. We seek to protect our technology through a
combination of patents, copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks
and confidentiality agreements. As of the date of this
prospectus, we have 39 patents issued by the State
Intellectual Property Office of the PRC in the integrated
circuit field and an additional 82 patent applications
pending. There can be no assurance that patents will ever be
issued with respect to these applications. We claim copyright
protection for proprietary documentation for our products. We
have registered the visual images of five integrated circuits
with the State Intellectual Property Office of the PRC. We have
also registered the “RDA” logo as a trademark in
China. We rely in some circumstances on trade secrets to protect
our technology.
With respect to the proprietary rights to our intellectual
property, we have entered into research and development service
agreements with our two PRC operating entities, RDA Shanghai and
RDA Beijing, under which all intellectual property to the
technologies developed in the process of rendering research and
development services by RDA Shanghai or RDA Beijing shall be
owned by our offshore entities, RDA Micro BVI and RDA
International.
We intend to protect our rights vigorously, but there can be no
assurance that our efforts will be successful. Furthermore, it
is often difficult to create and enforce intellectual property
rights in China. In addition, the laws of other countries in
which our products are sold may not protect our products and
intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of
the United States. See “Risk Factors — Risks
Related to Our Business — We may not be able to
prevent others from unauthorized use of our intellectual
property, which could harm our business and competitive
position.”
76
We license some of the intellectual property that we use in our
business. We have a non-exclusive license for certain
semiconductor technology that we believe to be material to our
business under a license agreement with ARM Limited. This
agreement has an indefinite term and remains valid unless
terminated by either party. The agreement may only be terminated
by ARM under certain specified circumstances, including a
material breach by us that cannot be remedied or is not remedied
within 60 days or winding-up or similar proceedings by or
against us. ARM is obligated to provide us with updates,
support, and commercially reasonable efforts to correct any
defects in the technology they license to us. As of the date of
this prospectus, we have licensed technology under two annexes
to the license agreement dated June 22, 2009.
We have also entered into a three-year non-exclusive license
agreement with Silicon Labs effective May 12, 2010, under
which we license certain intellectual property that we believe
to be material to our business relating to FM and AM/FM
integrated circuits. We and Silicon Labs also released and
discharged each other from any claims of patent infringement
occurring on or prior to the effective date of the agreement,
subject to compliance with the terms of the agreement. We have
also promised not to assert any infringement claims against
Silicon Labs or its customers during the term of this agreement,
and we have agreed with Silicon Labs to negotiate in good faith
to license to Silicon Labs the right to manufacture (or have
manufactured) and to sell our satellite tuner integrated
circuits. Neither we nor Silicon Labs can terminate this
agreement without the express written agreement of the other
party, except for cause.
We plan to use part of the proceeds of this offering to acquire
or license more intellectual property rights. See “Use of
Proceeds.”
Many participants in the semiconductor and electronics
industries have a significant number of patents and have
frequently demonstrated a readiness to commence litigation based
on allegations of patent and other intellectual property
infringement. From time to time, third parties may assert
infringement claims against us. We may not prevail in any such
litigation or may not be able to license any valid and infringed
patents from third parties on commercially reasonable terms, if
at all. Litigation, regardless of the outcome, is likely to
result in substantial cost and diversion of our resources,
including our management’s time. Any such litigation could
materially adversely affect us. See “Risk
Factors — Risks Related to Our Business —
Third parties may claim that we are infringing their
intellectual property, and we could suffer significant
litigation expenses or licensing expenses or be prevented from
selling certain of our products if these claims are
successful.”
Manufacturing
We use third-party foundries and independent testing and
packaging vendors to manufacture, test and package our products.
This outsourced manufacturing approach allows us to focus our
resources on the design, sale, and marketing of our products.
Our engineers work closely with the foundries we use and other
subcontractors to increase yield, lower manufacturing costs, and
improve product quality.
Wafer Fabrication. We use industry-standard
CMOS manufacturing process technology for our
radio-frequency
semiconductors and gallium arsenide technology for our power
amplifier semiconductors. We use a number of different foundries
to fabricate our semiconductor wafers, including Taiwan
Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) in Taiwan,
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) in
China, GlobalFoundries in Singapore and IBM in the United States
for our CMOS semiconductors and WIN Semiconductors in Taiwan and
TriQuint in the United States for our gallium arsenide
semiconductors. We have begun to migrate from 130 nanometer to
110 nanometer geometry processes and have other products in
development to be manufactured using 55 nanometer processes
in 2011. We believe that we are not dependent on any single
foundry for our fabrication needs. However, the number of
foundries worldwide that can meet our fabrication needs is
limited, especially for gallium arsenide.
Testing and Packaging. Upon the completion of
silicon processing at the foundry, we forward the finished
silicon wafers to our third-party subcontractors for testing and
packaging. We use a number of different subcontractors to carry
out testing and packaging functions, including United Test and
Assembly Center (UTAC), Advanced Semiconductor Engineering
(ASE), Unisem, Sigurd Microelectronics, and Carsem. The market
for outsourcing testing and packaging services is less
concentrated than the market for foundry services, and we
believe
77
that we are not dependent upon any single subcontractor for our
testing and packaging needs. We develop our own tests for our
subcontractors to use in testing our products.
Quality Assurance. We have implemented
significant quality assurance procedures to assure high levels
of product quality for our customers. We closely monitor the
work-in-progress
information and production records maintained by our suppliers,
and communicate with our third-party subcontractors to assure
high levels of product quality and an efficient manufacturing
time cycle. Upon successful completion of the quality assurance
procedures, all of our products are stored and shipped to our
customers or distributors directly from our third-party
subcontractors in accordance with our shipping instructions.
We do not have long-term agreements with foundries or with
testing and packaging vendors. We typically have to place orders
with foundries eight or more weeks before we can receive the
finished products, and we generally maintain four weeks’
inventories to accommodate anticipated demand. Meanwhile, we
typically sell products pursuant to purchase orders and do not
have long-term purchase commitments. See “Risk
Factors — Risks Related to Our Business —
Because we do not have long-term commitments from our customers,
we must estimate customer demand, and our ability to accurately
forecast demand for and sales of our products is limited, which
may have negative effects on our inventory levels, sales and
operating results.”
Research
and Development
We have 122 R&D engineers (93 of whom have advanced
degrees) as of June 30, 2010, compared to 109 R&D
engineers as of December 31, 2009, 101 R&D engineers
as of December 31, 2008 and 93 R&D engineers as of
December 31, 2007. We generally recruit directly from
universities, typically graduates with advanced degrees, because
we find that skills developed with other semiconductor designers
are not necessarily transferable to our business. In many cases,
the R&D engineers who originally developed a product are
also directly involved in supporting the customers who use it.
Our Shanghai operating subsidiary, RDA Microelectronics
(Shanghai), Inc., has been certified in conformity with the ISO
9001:2008 standard in its research and development of wireless
communication circuitry.
We incurred research and development expenses of
$7.1 million, $13.2 million, $14.5 million and
$8.3 million in 2007, 2008, and 2009 and for the six months
ended June 30, 2010, respectively.
Competition
As we target and supply products to multiple markets and
applications, we face competition from a large number of firms.
We compete with MediaTek in a number of products related to
mobile handsets in China as well as with multinationals such as
Broadcom, Infineon, and STMicroelectronics that offer a broad
line-up of
stand-alone and integrated semiconductor solutions. In addition,
there are companies that we compete with in one particular
product or product family, such as RF Micro Devices and Skyworks
in power amplifiers; NXP and Silicon Laboratories in FM radio
receivers; Maxim and Zarlink in DVB-S tuners; Maxim, MaxLinear
and NXP in DVB-T tuners; Telegent in analog mobile television
receivers; and CSR plc in Bluetooth solutions. As we enter new
markets, we may face new competitors.
The markets for semiconductors generally, and for
radio-frequency and mixed-signal semiconductors in particular,
are intensely competitive. We anticipate that the market for our
products will continually evolve and will continue to experience
rapid technological change, evolving industry standards,
shifting customer requirements, and frequent product
introductions. We must continually design, develop and introduce
new products with improved features to be competitive. We
believe the principal competitive factors in our industry are:
|
|
|
|
•
|
level of integration;
|
|
|
•
|
price;
|
|
|
•
|
short design cycle;
|
|
|
•
|
customer support;
|
|
|
•
|
features and functionalities;
|
78
|
|
|
|
•
|
die size and form factor; and
|
|
|
•
|
performance, including reliability and power consumption.
|
Many of our competitors and potential competitors have longer
operating histories, greater brand recognition, access to larger
customer bases, complementary product offerings, and
significantly greater financial, sales and marketing, research
and development, manufacturing, distribution, technical and
other resources than we do. Current and potential competitors
have established or may establish financial and strategic
relationships between themselves or with our existing or
potential customers, suppliers, or other third parties. Our
competitors may also offer bundled products, which may
negatively impact our competitive position despite the technical
merits or advantages of our products. In addition, our customers
could develop products or technologies internally that would
replace their need for our products and would become a source of
competition.
Employees
As of June 30, 2010, we employed 199 people, including
122 in research and development, 52 in sales and marketing, and
25 in general and administrative roles. We had 82 employees
at our headquarters in Shanghai, 101 in Beijing, 10 in Shenzhen,
3 in Korea and 3 in Hong Kong. We had a total of
172 employees as of December 31, 2009,
154 employees as of December 31, 2008 and 132 as of
December 31, 2007.
As required by regulations in China, we participate in various
employee social security plans that are organized by municipal
and provincial governments, including housing, pension, medical
insurance and unemployment insurance. We are required under
Chinese law to make contributions to employee benefit plans at
specified percentages of the salaries, bonuses and certain
allowances of our employees, up to a maximum amount specified by
the local government from time to time.
We typically enter into a standard confidentiality and
employment agreements with our management and research and
development personnel. These contracts include a standard
non-compete covenant that prohibits the employee from competing
with us, directly or indirectly, for two years after his or her
termination of employment, provided that we pay compensation
equal to seven months’ salary to the employee for employees
of RDA Shanghai and twelve months’ salary to the employee
for employees of RDA Beijing during the restriction period.
We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our
employees, and we have not experienced any labor disputes. None
of our employees are represented by labor unions.
Facilities
Our headquarters are located in Shanghai, and we maintain
research facilities in both Shanghai and Beijing. We maintain
small sales offices in Shenzhen and in Seoul, Korea, and we are
expanding our office in Hong Kong to handle procurement,
investment, strategic planning, and certain other functions in
addition to sales. We lease an aggregate of approximately
820 square meters of office space in Shanghai,
approximately 1,164 square meters of office space in
Beijing, approximately 217 square meters of office space in
Shenzhen, approximately 106 square meters of office space
in Seoul and approximately 100 square meters of office
space in Hong Kong.
We believe that our existing facilities are adequate for our
current and foreseeable requirements.
Insurance
We maintain various insurance policies to safeguard against
risks and unexpected events. We insure the shipment of our
products at each stage from the foundry to the subcontractors to
the distributors, but we do not insure the products that are
held by the subcontractors or distributors. We bear the risk of
loss when our products are being tested and packaged by our
subcontractors, but our distributors bear the risk of loss when
they hold the finished products in inventory for us. We have
purchased all risk property insurance covering certain property,
principally our lab testing equipment. We also provide social
security insurance including pension insurance, unemployment
insurance, work-related injury insurance and medical insurance
for our employees. In addition, we provide group life insurance
for all our employees. We do not maintain business interruption
insurance or general third-party liability insurance, nor do we
maintain product liability insurance or key-man life insurance.
We consider our insurance coverage to be in line with that of
other technology companies of similar size in China.
79
Legal
Proceedings
We are currently not a party to any material legal or
administrative proceedings. We may from time to time be subject
to various legal or administrative claims and proceedings
arising in the ordinary course of business. Litigation or any
other legal or administrative proceeding, regardless of the
outcome, is likely to result in substantial cost and diversion
of our resources, including our management’s time. See
“Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our
Business — Third parties may claim that we are
infringing their intellectual property, and we could suffer
significant litigation expenses or licensing expenses or be
prevented from selling certain of our products if these claims
are successful.”
80
PRC
REGULATION
The semiconductor industry in China is subject to a number of
laws and regulations. This section summarizes the principal PRC
regulations currently relevant to our business and operations in
China.
Regulations
and Policies that Encourage the Development of Semiconductor
Design Companies
China has had preferential policies on investment, financing,
tax, industrial process, technology, income distribution and
export-related matters concerning integrated circuit design
enterprises since 2000.
Accreditation
of Integrated Circuit Design Enterprises
Duly accredited integrated circuit design enterprises may
qualify for certain preferential industrial policies. In order
to obtain accreditation, an integrated circuit design enterprise
must:
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be a legally established enterprise whose principal business is
semiconductor design;
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possess adequate production and quality assurance
capabilities; and
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generate more than 30% of its total annual revenue from the
design of semiconductor products and integrated circuit design
services.
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The Ministry of Industry and Information Industry is the
authorized examination and approval administration for
accreditation of integrated circuit design enterprises and has
designated the China Semiconductor Industry Association and two
other agencies to conduct the accreditation of integrated
circuit design enterprises.
We conduct our integrated circuit design in China through RDA
Shanghai and RDA Beijing, which were initially accredited as
integrated circuit design enterprises by the Ministry of
Industry and Information Industry of China in 2007 and 2008
respectively. Both these entities have passed the latest annual
review of such accreditation and therefore are still eligible
for the preferential tax treatment discussed below.
Foreign
Investment Policy
Foreign investment in integrated circuit design falls into the
“encouraged” category and may be eligible for certain
types of preferential treatment.
Preferential
Taxation Policies
Integrated circuit design enterprises are treated as software
enterprises for purposes of tax treatment.
Exemption of Customs Duties and Import-Related Value-Added
Tax. An integrated circuit design enterprise
generally does not need to pay customs duty or import-related
value-added tax on any imported equipment necessary for its own
use or any technology, ancillary parts and spare parts that are
included in the contract for the equipment, except where such
equipment, technology and parts are specifically identified as
ineligible for the exemption. RDA Shanghai and RDA Beijing have
in the past applied for and successfully obtained exemptions
from customs duty and import-related value-added tax and expect
to continue to apply for such exemptions in accordance with
relevant regulations in the future.
An integrated circuit design enterprise may have semiconductors
that are designed by the integrated circuit design enterprise
itself with independent intellectual property rights
manufactured or processed overseas if such semiconductors could
not be manufactured in China. The import-linked value-added tax
levied on these semiconductors is set at 17%. RDA Shanghai and
RDA Beijing do not import semiconductors.
Enterprise Income Tax. As a software
enterprise, an accredited integrated circuit design enterprise
is entitled to take advantage of the preferential policies for
enterprise income tax. From the year in which an integrated
circuit design enterprise first has positive accumulated
earnings, it is exempted from enterprise income tax for two
years and is entitled to a 50% reduction in the enterprise
income tax for the succeeding three years. RDA Shanghai was
exempt from income tax in 2005 and 2006 and received a 50%
exemption in 2007, 2008, and 2009. RDA Beijing was exempt from
income tax in 2008 and 2009 and is entitled to a 50% exemption
in 2010, 2011, and 2012.
81
On February 22, 2008, the Ministry of Finance and State
Administration of Taxation jointly promulgated a notice to
clarify certain preferential policies in respect of enterprise
income tax. In addition to continuing the
five-year
full and partial exemption discussed above, the notice also
provides for the following preferential tax treatment for
integrated circuit design enterprises: (i) the tax refund
to an integrated circuit design enterprise enjoying the
value-added tax policy of immediate refund upon payment, if used
in the research and development of software products and in the
expansion of production, is not regarded as taxable income for
enterprise income tax and not be subject to the enterprise
income tax; and (ii) the actual amount of the employee
training expenses of a integrated circuit design enterprise may
be deducted in the calculation of the amount of taxable income.
On April 14, 2008, the Ministry of Science and Technology,
the Ministry of Finance, and the State Administration of
Taxation enacted measures for certifying so-called “high
and new technology enterprises.” Qualified high-technology
companies may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% if
they own their core intellectual properties and are classified
into certain industries strongly supported by the government.
Both RDA Shanghai and RDA Beijing have qualified as “high
and new technology enterprises.”
Intellectual
Property Protection for Semiconductors
China has adopted legislation related to intellectual property
rights, including the Patent Law (in 1984), the Copyright Law
(in 1990), and the Trademark Law (in 1982). China is also a
signatory to the main international conventions on intellectual
property rights, including the Paris Convention for the
Protection of Industrial Property of the World Intellectual
Property Organization and the Washington Treaty on Intellectual
Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits, and China became a
member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights upon its accession to the WTO in December 2001.
We seek to protect our technology through a combination of
patents, copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks and
confidentiality procedures. As of the date of this prospectus,
we have 39 patents issued by the State Intellectual
Property Office of the PRC in the integrated circuit field and
an additional 82 patent applications pending.
Protection
of Integrated Circuit Layout Design
Under the 2001 Regulations for the Protection of the Layout
Design of Integrated Circuits, an integrated circuit layout
design is defined as a three-dimensional configuration in a
semiconductor that has two or more components, at least one of
which is an active component, and part or all of the
interconnected circuitry or the three-dimensional configuration
has been prepared for the production of semiconductors.
The following persons and entities can hold proprietary rights
in the layout designs that they create: (i) PRC natural
persons, legal persons or other organizations; (ii) foreign
persons or companies who are creators of an integrated circuit
layout design and whose layout designs are first commercially
used in China; and (iii) foreign persons or companies from
a country that either has an agreement with China concerning the
protection of layout designs or is a signatory to an
international treaty concerning the protection of layout designs
to which China is also a signatory.
A holder of proprietary rights in a layout design may:
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duplicate the entire protected layout design or any part of the
original design; and
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use the protected layout design, the integrated circuit
containing the layout design, or commodities containing the
integrated circuit commercially.
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The proprietary rights are valid after the layout design is
registered with the State Intellectual Property Office of the
PRC.
Proprietary rights in a layout design are granted for ten years,
commencing from the earlier of the date of the application for
registration of the layout design or the first date of its
commercial use anywhere in the world. However, a layout design
is not entitled to any protection beyond 15 years from the
time of its creation, regardless of when the layout design is
registered or put into commercial use. The holder of the
proprietary rights may transfer those rights to another party or
grant permission for use of the design.
82
The State Intellectual Property Office decides on applications
for registration of layout designs. An application must be made
within two years of the design being put in commercial use
anywhere in the world, or the application will be rejected.
As of June 30, 2010, we have registered five integrated
circuit layout designs in China.
Compulsory
Licenses for Exploitation of Semiconductor Patents
A company may request the State Intellectual Property Office to
grant a compulsory license to use a patent if: (i) the
patentee, after the lapse of three full years from the date when
patent is granted and after the lapse of four full years from
the date when a patent application is filed, fails to exploit or
to fully exploit the patent without any justifiable reason; or
(ii) the patentee’s act of exercising the patent
rights is determined as a monopolizing act and the compulsory
license would eliminate or reduce the adverse consequences of
the monopolizing act on competition. A compulsory license for
the use of a semiconductor technology patent is restricted to
public and non-commercial uses and subject to the circumstance
described in item (ii) above.
The Intellectual Property Administration Department of the State
Council may grant a non-voluntary license to use a layout design
in the event of a national emergency or any extraordinary state
of affairs, where public interest so requires, or where the
holder is engaging in unfair competition that requires a remedy,
as determined by a court or the Department of Supervision and
Inspection against Unfair Competition. The scope and duration of
the license will be determined in accordance with the reasons
justifying the grant. The scope shall be limited to
non-commercial
use for public purposes or to remedy the holder’s unfair
competitive actions.
Our PRC patents and layout designs may be subject to the
compulsory licenses in accordance with the relevant regulations.
Regulations
on Foreign Exchange
The principal regulations governing foreign currency exchange in
China are the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations, most
recently amended on August 5, 2008. Under these
regulations, the RMB is freely convertible for current account
items, including the distribution of dividends, interest
payments, and trade and service-related foreign exchange
transactions, but not for capital account items, such as direct
investments, loans, repatriation of investments, and investments
in securities outside of China, unless the prior approval of
SAFE is obtained and prior registration with SAFE is completed.
On August 29, 2008, SAFE issued a circular regulating the
conversion of foreign currency into RMB by a foreign-invested
company by restricting how the converted RMB may be used. The
circular requires that the registered capital of a
foreign-invested enterprise settled in RMB that is converted
from foreign currencies may only be used for purposes within the
business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority
and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC. In
addition, SAFE strengthened its oversight of the flow and use of
the registered capital of foreign-invested enterprises settled
in RMB converted from foreign currencies. The use of such RMB
capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval, and may
not in any case be used to repay RMB loans if the proceeds of
such loans have not been used. Violations may result in severe
penalties, such as heavy fines.
Regulations
on Dividend Distribution
Wholly foreign-owned companies in the PRC may pay dividends only
out of their accumulated profits as determined in accordance
with PRC accounting standards. Remittance of dividends by a
wholly foreign-owned enterprise out of China is subject to
examination by the banks designated by SAFE. Wholly
foreign-owned companies may not pay dividends unless they set
aside at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits each
year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds, until such time as
the accumulative amount of such fund reaches 50% of the wholly
foreign-owned company’s registered capital. In addition,
these companies also may allocate a portion of their after-tax
profits based on PRC accounting standards to staff welfare and
bonus funds, at their discretion. These reserve funds and staff
welfare and bonus funds are not distributable as cash dividends.
83
SAFE
Regulations on Offshore Special Purpose Companies
The PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE,
promulgated regulations in October 2005 that require PRC
residents to register with local branches of SAFE if they use
assets or equity interests in PRC entities as capital
contributions to establish offshore companies, or if they inject
assets or equity interests of their PRC entities into offshore
companies to raise capital overseas. In addition, any PRC
resident who makes, or has previously made, direct or indirect
investments in such an offshore company (referred to in the SAFE
regulations as an “offshore special purpose company”)
is required to further update that registration for such things
as increases or decreases in the offshore special purpose
company’s share capital, transfers or swaps of its shares,
mergers, long-term equity or debt investments, and the creation
of any security interest. Moreover, the PRC subsidiaries of that
offshore special purpose company are required to coordinate and
supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore
special purpose company’s shareholders who are PRC
residents, and do so in a timely manner.
While our PRC counsel, Jun He Law Offices, has advised us that
the aforementioned SAFE regulations do not apply to us as our
corporate structure was not formed with any assets or equity
interests in any PRC entities, we cannot assure you that SAFE
shares the same view. See “Risk Factors — Risks
Relating to Doing Business in China — PRC regulations
relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may
limit our subsidiaries’ ability to increase their
registered capital or distribute profits to us, limit our
ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, or
otherwise expose us to liability under PRC law.”
On March 28, 2007, SAFE issued further regulations
requiring Chinese citizens who are granted stock options by an
overseas publicly listed company to register with SAFE through a
Chinese agent or Chinese subsidiary of the overseas publicly
listed company and complete certain other procedures. We and our
PRC employees who have been granted stock options, restricted
share units and restricted shares will be subject to these
regulations upon the completion of this offering.
PRC
Technology Import and Export
Technology import and export is broadly defined under Chinese
law to include, without limitation, the transfer or license of
patents, software and know-how and the provision of services in
relation to technology. The import and export of technology must
be registered with competent government authority.
From time to time, the PRC governments promulgates catalogues of
restricted and prohibited technology. Restricted technology may
only be imported or exported with the approval of the Ministry
of Commerce; prohibited technology may not be imported or
exported at all. Technology that does not fall into either of
the above two catalogues can be imported or exported upon
registration with competent commercial administration authority.
84
MANAGEMENT
Directors
and Executive Officers
The following table sets forth information regarding our
executive officers and directors as of the date of this
prospectus.
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Directors and Executive
Officers
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Age
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Position/Title
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Vincent Tai
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53
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Co-Founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
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Shuran Wei
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40
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Co-Founder, Director and Chief Technology Officer
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Julian Cheng
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36
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Director
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Gordon (Yi) Ding
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34
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Director
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Kern Lim
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40
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Independent director appointee*
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Kin-Wah Loh
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55
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Independent director appointee*
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Peter Wan
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57
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Independent director appointee*
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Lily (Li) Dong
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39
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Chief Financial Officer
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Liang Zhang
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35
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Senior Vice President of Engineering
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Jun Chen
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36
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Senior Vice President of Engineering
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Shun Lam Steven Tang
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54
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Senior Vice President of Operations
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Dalei Fan
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36
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Vice President of Sales
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Guoguang Zhao
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32
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Vice President of Operation
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Messrs. Kern Lim, Kin-Wah Loh and Peter Wan have accepted our
appointment as our independent directors effective upon the
effectiveness of the registration statement of which this
prospectus is a part. |
Mr. Vincent Tai is our co-founder and has been
chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive
officer since our inception in 2004. Mr. Tai has over
25 years of experiences in the high-tech industry. From
2001 to 2003, Mr. Tai co-founded and managed USI Inc.,
which developed linear power amplifiers in Silicon Valley. Prior
to co-founding USI Inc., he worked as the general manager and
then the president of UMAX Technologies in the United States
from 1990 to 2001. Prior to that, Mr. Tai co-founded Excel
Associates, a distribution company based in Hong Kong, in 1986.
Mr. Tai received a bachelor of science degree in electrical
engineering and a master of science degree in electrical
engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology and an MBA
degree from the University of Chicago in the United States.
Mr. Shuran Wei is our co-founder and has been our
chief technology officer since our inception in 2004 and our
director since 2005. Mr. Wei has over 16 years of
experience in CMOS radio-frequency integrated circuit design.
Prior to co-founding our company, he was a vice president of
Analogix Semiconductor Inc. in the United States from 2002 to
2004. From 1998 to 2002, he was an integrated circuit design
manager at Marvell Semiconductor Inc. in the United States, and
from 1994 to 1998, he was an integrated circuit design engineer
at LSI Corporation (formerly known as LSI Logic). Mr. Wei
received a bachelor of science degree in physics from Peking
University in China and a master of science degree in electrical
engineering from the University of Minnesota in the
United States.
Mr. Julian Cheng has been our director since our
inception in 2004. Mr. Cheng is a managing director in the
China group at Warburg Pincus Asia LLC, which he joined in 2000.
He is also a director for a number of other private companies.
Prior to joining Warburg Pincus Asia LLC, Mr. Cheng worked
for the capital markets and investment banking divisions of
Salomon Smith Barney and Bankers Trust in Hong Kong.
Mr. Cheng received his bachelor’s degree in economics
from Harvard University in the United States.
Mr. Gordon (Yi) Ding has been our director since
2010. Mr. Ding is a director in the technology, media, and
telecommunications group at Warburg Pincus Asia LLC, which he
joined in 2009. From 2008 to 2009, Mr. Ding was a vice
president at Citadel Investment Group. From 2005 to 2008, he
worked for the investment banking
85
divisions of Morgan Stanley Asia Limited and UBS Investment Bank
in Hong Kong. Mr. Ding received a bachelor of science
degree from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China and an MBA
degree from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern
University in the United States.
Mr. Kern Lim will serve as our independent director
commencing upon the effectiveness of the registration statement
of which this prospectus is a part. Mr. Lim currently
serves as the president and chief executive officer of Asia
Strategic Consulting, as a director and the chairman of the
audit committee of Mindray Medical International Limited, a
company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and as a director
and member of the audit committee of Dapai International
Holdings Co. Ltd., a Singapore public company. Mr. Lim is a
Singapore certified public accountant. From 2008 to 2009,
Mr. Lim was vice president of finance of the Venetian Macao
Resort Hotel. From 2006 to 2008, he was the chief financial
officer of Asimco Technologies Limited, a Cayman Islands company
with operations in China. From 2003 to 2006, he was the chief
financial officer of Eastman Kodak for the Asia Pacific region.
Mr. Lim received his bachelor’s degree in financial
and management accounting from the Nanyang Technological
University in Singapore.
Mr. Kin-Wah Loh will serve as our independent
director commencing upon the effectiveness of the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part. Mr. Loh is
currently a member of the supervisory board of BE Semiconductor
Industries N.V. Mr. Loh served as the global chief
executive officer of Qimonda AG from 2005 to 2009, as an
executive vice president and member of the management board of
Infineon Technologies AG from 2004 to 2005 and as the president,
Asia Pacific Singapore of Infineon from 1997 to 2004.
Mr. Loh received his bachelor of chemical engineering
degree from the University of Malaya in 1978 and his basic
certified diploma in accounting and finance from the Association
of Chartered Certified Accountants in 1987.
Mr. Peter Wan will serve as our independent director
commencing upon the effectiveness of the registration statement
of which this prospectus is a part. Mr. Wan is a Hong Kong
Certified Public Accountant and a former partner of
PricewaterhouseCoopers, Hong Kong and China firm. He is a fellow
of the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the
UK Association of Chartered Certified Accountants and the Hong
Kong Institute of Directors. Mr. Wan is currently a
director and the chairman of the audit committee of Mindray
Medical International Limited, a company listed on the New York
Stock Exchange, and of China Resources Land Limited and Fairwood
Holding Limited, both listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. He
also serves as a director
and/or
committee member of a number of non-government organizations and
voluntary agencies in Hong Kong. Mr. Wan received the
higher diploma in accountancy from Hong Kong Polytechnic in 1975.
Ms. Lily (Li) Dong has been our chief financial
officer since 2007. Ms. Dong has over 16 years of
experience in financial management and accounting. Prior to
joining our company, she worked for Hewlett-Packard in China for
over 13 years, holding various financial management
positions with extensive experience of and exposure to
U.S. and PRC GAAP reporting, financial planning and
analysis, accounting, tax, treasury, risk management, and
internal controls. Ms. Dong received a bachelor of
economics degree in accounting from Nanjing University of
Science and Technology in China and an executive master of
business administration degree from China Europe International
Business School in China. Ms. Dong is a PRC certified
accountant.
Mr. Liang Zhang has been our senior vice president
of engineering since 2004. Prior to joining our company,
Mr. Zhang was a design manager at Analogix Semiconductor
Inc. in the United States from 2002 to 2004. From 1999 to 2002,
Mr. Zhang was a senior design engineer at Marvell
Semiconductor Inc. in the United States. Mr. Zhang received
a bachelor of science degree in microelectronics from Tsinghua
University in China and a master of science degree in electrical
and computer engineering from North Carolina State University in
the United States.
Mr. Jun Chen has been our senior vice president of
engineering since 2004. Prior to joining our company,
Mr. Chen was a senior design engineer at G-Plus, Inc., from
2002 to 2004. From 2000 to 2002, he worked at the high speed
electronics lab in the University of California, Los Angeles as
a post-doctoral researcher. Mr. Chen received a bachelor of
science degree in microelectronics from Nankai University in
China and a Ph.D. from the China Academy of Sciences.
86
Mr. Shun Lam Steven Tang has been our senior vice
president of operations since 2010. Prior to joining our
company, Mr. Tang was the president, Asia Pacific for
Viasystems Group, Inc., a company listed on the New York Stock
Exchange, from 1999 to 2007. From 2007 to 2009, Mr. Tang
served as the non-executive chairman for Linefan Technology
Holding Limited, a Hong Kong listed company. He was managing
director for Pace Inc. between 1995 to 1999. From 2003 to 2005,
he was an independent director and the chairman of the Finance
and Audit Committee of Wanji Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited,
also a Hong Kong listed company. He received a bachelor of
science degree in electrical and electronics engineering from
Nottingham University in England and an MBA in economic
forecasting from Bradford University in England.
Mr. Dalei Fan has been our vice president of sales
since 2009. From 2004 to 2009, Mr. Fan was our director of
sales. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Fan was a sales
representative at Analogix Semiconductor, Inc. from 2002 to
2004, responsible for developing Analogix’s business in
China. From 1998 to 2002, he was an engineer at China Unicom
responsible for wireless broadband connections. Mr. Fan
received a bachelor of science degree in communication
engineering from Xi’an University of Electronic Science and
Technology in China.
Mr. Guoguang Zhao has been our vice president of
operations since 2009. Mr. Zhao joined our company in 2004
and was an analog circuit design manager from 2004 to 2006 and
an operation director from 2006 to 2008, responsible for
supervising quality assurance, test development, foundry
engineering, and supply chain management. Prior to joining our
company, he was a design engineer at RF Integrated Corp. from
2002 to 2004. He received a bachelor of science degree in
wireless communication engineering from Beijing University of
Posts and Telecommunications and a master of science degree in
microelectronics from Tsinghua University in China.
Employment
Agreements
We have entered into employment agreements with each of our
senior executive officers, with initial terms of six years and
automatic extension for successive six year periods unless
terminated earlier in accordance with their terms and conditions.
Subject to applicable law, we may terminate a senior executive
officer’s employment for cause at any time without notice
or remuneration if (i) the officer is convicted or pleads
guilty to a felony or to an act of fraud, misappropriation or
embezzlement; (ii) the officer has been grossly negligent
or acted dishonestly to our detriment; or (iii) the officer
has engaged in actions amounting to willful misconduct or failed
to perform his or her duties and such failure continues after
the officer is afforded a reasonable opportunity to cure such
failure. We may also terminate a senior executive officer’s
employment at any time without notice or remuneration if the
officer has a disability which, as reasonably determined by our
board of directors, renders the officer unable to perform the
essential functions of his or her employment for more than
180 days in any
12-month
period. In addition, we may terminate a senior executive
officer’s employment without cause at any time by giving
three months’ written notice and providing the officer with
severance payments and benefits varying according to the
position the officer holds, including accelerated vesting of
share-based incentive grants. A senior executive officer is also
eligible for severance payments and benefits if the officer
terminates his or her employment upon (i) a material
reduction in the officer’s authority, duties and
responsibilities or (ii) a material reduction in the
officer’s annual salary prior to the next annual salary
review.
Each senior executive officer has agreed to hold in the
strictest confidence, and not to use except for our benefit, or
to disclose to any person, corporation or other entity without
our written consent, any proprietary or confidential
information, such as trade secrets, technical data and research
and development information, of our company, our affiliates or
clients, or customers or partners of our company or our
affiliates during and after his or her employment. Moreover,
each senior executive officer has also agreed to refrain from
competing with us, directly or indirectly, during the term of
his or her employment and for a period of one year following the
termination of the employment for whatever reason, including,
among other things, refraining from assuming employment with any
of our competitors or soliciting our employees without our
express consent.
87
Board of
Directors
Our board of directors currently consists of five directors. We
have also appointed three independent directors, whose
appointments will be effective upon the effectiveness of the
registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. A
director is not required to hold any shares in our company to
qualify to serve as a director. A director may vote with respect
to any contract, proposed contract, or arrangement in which he
is materially interested. A director may exercise all the powers
of the company to borrow money, mortgage its business, property
and uncalled capital, and issue debentures or other securities
whenever money is borrowed or as security for any obligation of
the company or of any third party.
Committees
of the Board of Directors
We established a compensation committee under the board of
directors in December 2009. Prior to the completion of this
offering, we intend to establish an audit committee under the
board of directors. We currently do not plan to establish a
nominating committee. After the effectiveness of the
registration statement on
Form F-1
of which this prospectus is a part, the independent directors of
our company will select and recommend to the board for
nomination by the board such candidates as the independent
directors, in the exercise of their judgment, have found to be
well qualified and willing and available to serve as our
directors prior to each meeting of our shareholders at which
directors are to be elected or re-elected. We intend to adopt a
charter for each of these committees prior to the completion of
this offering. Each committee’s members and functions are
described below.
Audit Committee. Our audit committee will
consist of Messrs. Wan, Lim, and Cheng. Mr. Wan will serve
as the chair of our audit committee. The audit committee will
oversee our accounting and financial reporting processes and the
audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit
committee will be responsible for, among other things:
|
|
|
|
•
|
selecting the independent registered public accounting firm and
pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted
to be performed by the independent registered public accounting
firm;
|
|
|
•
|
reviewing with the independent registered public accounting firm
any audit problems or difficulties and management’s
response;
|
|
|
•
|
reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions,
as defined in Item 404 of
Regulation S-K
under the Securities Act;
|
|
|
•
|
discussing the annual audited financial statements with
management and the independent registered public accounting firm;
|
|
|
•
|
reviewing major issues as to the adequacy of our internal
controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of
material control deficiencies;
|
|
|
•
|
annually reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit
committee charter;
|
|
|
•
|
meeting separately and periodically with management and the
independent registered public accounting firm; and
|
|
|
•
|
reporting regularly to the board.
|
Compensation Committee. Our compensation
committee consists of Messrs. Cheng and Ding. Upon the
effectiveness of the registration statement on
Form F-1
of which this prospectus is a part, Mr. Ding will resign
and Messrs. Wan and Loh will join our compensation
committee. Mr. Loh will serve as the chair of our
compensation committee. The compensation committee will assist
the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure,
including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors
and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be
present at any committee meeting during which his compensation
is deliberated upon. The compensation committee will be
responsible for, among other things:
|
|
|
|
•
|
reviewing the total compensation package for our three most
senior executives and making recommendations to the board with
respect to it;
|
|
|
•
|
approving and overseeing the total compensation package for our
executives other than the three most senior executives;
|
88
|
|
|
|
•
|
reviewing the compensation of our directors and making
recommendations to the board with respect to it; and
|
|
|
•
|
periodically reviewing and approving any long-term incentive
compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements,
annual bonuses, and employee pension and welfare benefit plans.
|
Duties of
Directors
Under Cayman Islands law, our directors have a duty of loyalty
to act honestly in good faith with a view to our best interests.
Our directors also have a duty to exercise the skill they
actually possess and such care and diligence that a reasonably
prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In
fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure
compliance with our memorandum and articles of association. A
shareholder may have the right to seek damages in our name if a
duty owed by our directors is breached. You should refer to
“Description of Share Capital — Differences in
Corporate Law” for additional information on our standard
of corporate governance under Cayman Islands law.
Terms of
Directors and Officers
Our officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the
board. Our directors are not subject to a term of office and
hold office until such time as they are removed from office by
special resolution or the unanimous written resolution of all
shareholders. A director will be removed from office
automatically if, among other things, the director
(i) becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or
composition with his creditors; or (ii) dies or is found by
our company to be of unsound mind.
Compensation
of Directors and Executive Officers
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, we paid an
aggregate of approximately $1.4 million in cash to our
senior executive officers, and we did not pay any cash
compensation to our non-executive directors. For share incentive
grants to our officers and directors, see
“— Share Incentive Plans.” We set aside
$26,454 for executive pension and retirement benefits in 2009 as
required by PRC law.
Share
Incentive Plans
We have adopted two share incentive plans, namely, the
2005 Share Option Scheme, which we refer to as the 2005
plan, and the 2009 Share Incentive Plan, which we refer to
as the 2009 plan. The purpose of these plans is to attract and
retain the best available personnel by linking the personal
interests of the members of the board, employees, and
consultants to the success of our business and by providing such
individuals with an incentive for outstanding performance to
generate superior returns for our shareholders.
The 2009
Plan
Under the 2009 plan, the maximum number of our ordinary shares
in respect of which options, restricted shares, or restricted
share units may be granted is 30,000,000 shares. As of the
date of this prospectus, a total of 5,816,402 restricted
share units and 794,213 restricted shares to purchase an
aggregate number of 6,610,615 ordinary shares have been
granted and are outstanding. No options have been granted under
the 2009 plan.
The following paragraphs summarize the terms of the 2009 plan.
Types of Awards. The following briefly
describe the principal features of the various awards that may
be granted under the 2009 plan.
|
|
|
|
•
|
Options. Options provide for the right to
purchase a specified number of our ordinary shares at a
specified price and usually will become exercisable in the
discretion of our plan administrator in one or more installments
after the grant date. The option exercise price may be paid,
subject to the discretion of the plan administrator, in cash, in
our ordinary shares which have been held by the option holder
for such period of time as may be required to avoid adverse
accounting treatment, in other property with value equal to the
exercise price, through a broker-assisted cashless exercise, or
by any combination of the foregoing.
|
89
|
|
|
|
•
|
Restricted Shares. A restricted share award is
the grant of our ordinary shares which are subject to certain
restrictions and may be subject to risk of forfeiture. Unless
otherwise determined by our plan administrator, a restricted
share is nontransferable and may be forfeited or repurchased by
us upon termination of employment or service during a restricted
period. Our plan administrator may also impose other
restrictions on the restricted shares, such as limitations on
the right to vote or the right to receive dividends.
|
|
|
•
|
Restricted Share Units. Restricted share units
represent the right to receive our ordinary shares at a
specified date in the future, subject to forfeiture of such
right upon termination of employment or service during the
applicable restriction period. If the restricted share units
have not been forfeited, then we shall deliver to the holder
unrestricted ordinary shares that will be freely transferable
after the last day of the restriction period as specified in the
award agreement.
|
Plan Administration. The plan administrator is
a committee of one or more members of our board. The committee
currently has two members, Messrs. Cheng and Ding. The plan
administrator will determine the provisions and terms and
conditions of each grant.
Award Agreement. Options, restricted shares,
or restricted share units granted under the plan are evidenced
by an award agreement that sets forth the terms, conditions, and
limitations for each grant.
Option Exercise Price. The exercise price
subject to an option shall be determined by the plan
administrator and set forth in the award agreement. The exercise
price may be amended or adjusted in the absolute discretion of
the plan administrator, the determination of which shall be
final, binding and conclusive. To the extent not prohibited by
applicable laws or the rules of any exchange on which our
securities are listed, a downward adjustment of the exercise
prices of options shall be effective without the approval of the
shareholders or the approval of the affected participants.
Eligibility. We may grant awards to our
employees, directors, consultants, and advisers or those of any
related entities.
Term of the Awards. The term of each option
grant shall be stated in the award agreement, provided that the
term shall not exceed 10 years from the date of the grant.
As for the restricted shares and restricted share units, the
plan administrator shall determine and specify the period of
restriction in the award agreement.
Vesting Schedule. In general, the plan
administrator determines the vesting schedule, which is set
forth in the award agreement.
Transfer Restrictions. Options to purchase our
ordinary shares may not be transferred in any manner by the
option holder other than by will or the laws of succession and
may be exercised during the lifetime of the option holder only
by the option holder. Restricted shares and restricted share
units may not be transferred during the period of restriction.
Termination of the Plan. Unless terminated
earlier, the 2009 plan will terminate automatically in 2019. In
the event that the award recipient ceases employment with us or
ceases to provide services to us, the options will terminate
after a period of time following the termination of employment
and the restricted shares and restricted share units that are at
that time subject to restrictions will be forfeited to or
repurchased by us. Our board of directors has the authority to
amend or terminate the plan subject to shareholder approval with
respect to certain amendments. However, no such action may
adversely affect in any material way any awards previously
granted unless agreed by the recipient.
The 2005
Plan
Under the 2005 plan, as amended and restated on April 1,
2008, the maximum number of our ordinary shares in respect of
which options may be granted was 30,000,000 shares. As of
the date of this prospectus, options to purchase a total of
29,883,933 ordinary shares have been granted, among which all
options granted in 2005 will vest in four equal installments,
with 25% to vest on each of the four consecutive anniversaries
of the employee’s first employment date, and options
granted in later years generally will vest in 60 equal
installments, with one-sixtieth to vest on the first date of
each month following the grant date.
90
The following paragraphs summarize the terms of the 2005 plan.
Plan Administration. The plan is administered
by our board, whose decision shall be final and binding on all
the participants of the plan. The board, at its sole discretion,
determines whether an option should be granted, the number of
shares to be granted, and the grant price.
Award Agreement. Options granted under the
plan are evidenced by an option agreement that sets forth the
terms, conditions, and limitations for each grant.
Exercise Price. The exercise price of the
option shall be subject to the sole discretion of our board and
set forth in the award agreement.
Eligibility. We may grant awards to our
employees, directors, consultants, advisors, and contractors.
Term of the Options. The term of each option
grant shall be stated in the stock option agreement, provided
that the term shall not exceed 10 years from the date of
the grant.
Vesting Schedule. Our board determines the
vesting schedule, which is set forth in the option agreement.
Transfer Restrictions. Options to purchase our
ordinary shares may not be transferred in any manner by the
option holder. The options may be exercised by the option holder
only during his or her lifetime and by the legal representative
of the option holder within twelve month period following the
option holder’s death to the extent of the vested options.
Termination of the Plan. Unless terminated
earlier, the 2005 plan will terminate automatically in 2015. The
options will also terminate upon the option holder ceasing
employment with us or ceasing to provide services to us or by
reason of misconduct, conviction of a criminal offence involving
integrity or honesty, insolvency or bankruptcy.
The following table summarizes, as of the date of this
prospectus, the outstanding options granted to our executive
officers, directors, and other individuals as a group under the
2005 plan and the 2009 plan.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underlying
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Options Awarded
|
|
Exercise Price
|
|
Date of Grant
|
|
Date of Expiration
|
|
|
|
|
($/share)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vincent Tai
|
|
|
2,038,885
|
|
|
0.1100
|
|
September 1, 2005
|
|
September 1, 2015
|
|
|
|
2,038,885
|
|
|
0.0844
|
|
September 1, 2006
|
|
September 1, 2016
|
|
|
|
2,038,885
|
|
|
0.2727
|
|
September 1, 2007
|
|
September 1, 2017
|
Shuran Wei
|
|
|
966,447
|
|
|
0.0844
|
|
September 1, 2006
|
|
September 1, 2016
|
|
|
|
966,447
|
|
|
0.2727
|
|
September 1, 2007
|
|
September 1, 2017
|
Liang Zhang
|
|
|
215,890
|
|
|
0.0844
|
|
September 1, 2006
|
|
September 1, 2016
|
|
|
|
588,790
|
|
|
0.2727
|
|
September 1, 2007
|
|
September 1, 2017
|
Jun Chen
|
|
|
391,905
|
|
|
0.0844
|
|
September 1, 2006
|
|
September 1, 2016
|
|
|
|
605,671
|
|
|
0.2727
|
|
September 1, 2007
|
|
September 1, 2017
|
Dalei Fan
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
0.0844
|
|
September 1, 2006
|
|
September 1, 2016
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
0.2727
|
|
September 1, 2007
|
|
September 1, 2017
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
0.5000
|
|
August 1, 2009
|
|
August 1, 2019
|
Guoguang Zhao
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
0.0844
|
|
September 1, 2006
|
|
September 1, 2016
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
0.2727
|
|
September 1, 2007
|
|
September 1, 2017
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
0.5000
|
|
August 1, 2009
|
|
August 1, 2019
|
Other individuals as a group
|
|
|
6,815,414
|
|
|
From 0.0844
to 0.5000
|
|
From September 1, 2005
to August 1, 2009
|
|
From September 1, 2015
to August 1, 2019
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
16,984,871
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Less than one percent of our total
outstanding share capital and together holding stock options
exercisable for 317,652 ordinary shares.
|
91
The following table summarizes, as of the date of this
prospectus, the outstanding restricted share units granted to
our executive officers, directors and other individuals as a
group under the 2009 plan.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underlying
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restricted Share
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Units Awarded
|
|
Date of Grant
|
|
Date of Expiration
|
|
Jun Chen
|
|
|
126,381
|
|
|
|
November 2, 2009
|
|
|
|
November 2, 2019
|
|
Lily (Li) Dong
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
November 2, 2009
|
|
|
|
November 2, 2019
|
|
Dalei Fan
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
November 2, 2009
|
|
|
|
November 2, 2019
|
|
Guoguang Zhao
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
November 2, 2009
|
|
|
|
November 2, 2019
|
|
Other individuals as a group
|
|
|
5,290,493
|
|
|
|
From November 2, 2009
to January 18, 2010
|
|
|
|
From November 2, 2019
to January 18, 2020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
5,816,402
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Less than one percent of our total
outstanding share capital and together holding restricted share
units representing 399,528 ordinary shares.
|
The following table summarizes, as of the date of this
prospectus, the outstanding restricted shares issued to our
executive officers and directors under the 2009 plan.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Shares
|
|
|
|
|
With Restrictions
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Issued
|
|
Date of Issuance
|
|
Vincent Tai
|
|
|
477,096
|
|
|
|
January 18, 2010
|
|
Shuran Wei
|
|
|
180,827
|
|
|
|
January 18, 2010
|
|
Liang Zhang
|
|
|
136,290
|
|
|
|
January 18, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
794,213
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
92
PRINCIPAL
AND SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
The following table sets forth information concerning the
beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of the date of
this prospectus, assuming conversion of all of our
Series A, Series B, and Series C convertible
redeemable preferred shares into ordinary shares, by:
|
|
|
|
•
|
each of our directors and executive officers;
|
|
|
•
|
each person known to us to beneficially own more than 5% of our
ordinary shares; and
|
|
|
•
|
each selling shareholder.
|
The calculations in the table below assume that there are
210,708,076 ordinary shares outstanding as of the date of this
prospectus
and ordinary
shares outstanding immediately after the completion of this
offering, and that the underwriters do not exercise their
over-allotment option.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules
and regulations of the SEC. In computing the number of shares
beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of
that person, we have included shares that the person has the
right to acquire within 60 days, including through the
exercise of any option, warrant, or other right or the
conversion of any other security. These shares, however, are not
included in the computation of the percentage ownership of any
other person.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Shares
|
|
|
Ordinary Shares
|
|
|
Ordinary Shares
|
|
|
|
Beneficially Owned
|
|
|
Being Sold in
|
|
|
Beneficially Owned
|
|
|
|
Prior to This Offering
|
|
|
This Offering
|
|
|
After This Offering
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
Directors and Executive Officers:*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vincent
Tai(1)
|
|
|
44,019,023
|
|
|
|
20.4
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shuran
Wei(2)
|
|
|
8,165,230
|
|
|
|
3.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Julian
Cheng(3)
|
|
|
142,625,365
|
|
|
|
67.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gordon (Yi)
Ding(4)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lily (Li) Dong
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liang
Zhang(5)
|
|
|
5,579,326
|
|
|
|
2.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dalei Fan
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jun
Chen(6)
|
|
|
4,446,441
|
|
|
|
2.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Guoguang Zhao
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group
|
|
|
186,044,388
|
|
|
|
88.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal and Selling Shareholders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warburg Pincus
entities(7)
|
|
|
142,625,365
|
|
|
|
67.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vincent
Tai(1)
|
|
|
44,019,023
|
|
|
|
20.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IDG
entities(8)
|
|
|
15,004,277
|
|
|
|
7.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Century First
Limited(9)
|
|
|
12,205,982
|
|
|
|
5.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Except for Messrs. Julian Cheng and
Gordon (Yi) Ding, the business address of our directors and
executive officers is
c/o Suite 302,
Building 2, 690 Bibo Road, Pudong District, Shanghai
201203, People’s Republic of China. The business address of
Messrs. Cheng and Ding is c/o Warburg Pincus Asia LLC,
Suite 6703, Two IFC, 8 Finance Street, Hong Kong.
|
**
|
|
Less than 1%.
|
|
|
|
Notes: (1)
|
|
Includes 5,772,219 ordinary shares
held by Mr. Tai (including 477,096 ordinary shares with
restrictions on voting and dividend rights), 5,097,213 ordinary
shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Tai
that are exercisable within 60 days of the date of this
prospectus and 33,149,591 ordinary shares held by individual
shareholders who authorize Mr. Tai to vote these shares on
their behalf under power of attorney. Such individuals include
all of our executive officers.
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(2)
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Includes 6,715,559 ordinary shares
held by Mr. Wei (including 180,827 ordinary shares
with restrictions on voting and dividend rights) and
1,449,671 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options
held by Mr. Wei that are exercisable within 60 days of
the date of this prospectus. Mr. Wei authorized
Mr. Vincent Tai to vote the ordinary shares that
Mr. Wei currently holds.
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(3)
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Mr. Cheng is a managing
director of Warburg Pincus Asia LLC, which advises Warburg
Pincus LLC, a New York limited liability company that acts as
the manager of the Warburg Pincus entities. Mr. Cheng
disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by the Warburg
Pincus entities except to the extent of his pecuniary interests
therein.
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(4)
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Mr. Ding is an employee of
Warburg Pincus Asia LLC.
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(5)
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Includes 5,069,041 ordinary shares
held by Mr. Zhang (including 136,290 ordinary shares with
restrictions on voting and dividend rights) and 510,285 ordinary
shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Zhang
that are exercisable within 60 days of the date of this
prospectus. Mr. Zhang authorized Mr. Vincent Tai to
vote the ordinary shares that Mr. Zhang currently holds.
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(6)
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Includes 3,953,791 ordinary shares
held by Mr. Chen, 463,161 ordinary shares issuable upon
exercise of options held by Mr. Chen that are exercisable
within 60 days of the date of this prospectus and
29,489 ordinary shares under restricted share units that
are vested as of the date of this prospectus or will be vested
within 60 days of this prospectus. Mr. Chen authorized
Mr. Vincent Tai to vote the ordinary shares that
Mr. Chen currently holds.
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(7)
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Includes 142,625,365 ordinary
shares issuable upon the conversion of 94,648,784 Series A
convertible redeemable preferred shares, 32,972,304
Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares and
15,004,277 Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares
held by Warburg Pincus entities. “Warburg Pincus
entities” refers to Warburg Pincus Private Equity VIII,
L.P., Warburg Pincus Netherlands Private Equity VIII I,
C.V., WP-WPVIII Investors, L.P. (as successor in interest to
Warburg Pincus Germany Private Equity VIII, K.G.), Warburg
Pincus International Partners, L.P., Warburg Pincus Netherlands
International Partners I, C.V. and WP-WPIP Investors L.P.
(as successor in interest to Warburg Pincus Germany
International Partners, K.G.).
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Immediately prior to the completion
of this offering, Warburg Pincus Private Equity VIII, L.P. holds
45,862,120 Series A convertible redeemable preferred
shares, 15,976,749 Series B convertible redeemable
preferred shares and 7,270,331 Series C convertible
redeemable preferred shares; Warburg Pincus Netherlands Private
Equity VIII I, C.V. holds 1,329,338 Series A
convertible redeemable preferred shares, 463,094 Series B
convertible redeemable preferred shares, and 210,734
Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares; WP-WPVIII
Investors, L.P. (as successor in interest to Warburg Pincus
Germany Private Equity VIII, K.G.) holds 132,934 Series A
convertible redeemable preferred shares, 46,309 Series B
convertible redeemable preferred shares, and 21,073
Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares; Warburg
Pincus International Partners, L.P. holds 45,361,376
Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares,
15,802,307 Series B convertible redeemable preferred
shares, and 7,190,950 Series C preferred share; Warburg
Pincus Netherlands International Partners I, C.V. holds
1,892,976 Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares,
659,446 Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares,
and 300,086 Series C convertible redeemable preferred
shares; and WP-WPIP Investors L.P. (as successor in interest to
Warburg Pincus Germany International Partners, K.G.) holds
70,040 Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares,
24,399 Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares,
and 11,103 Series C convertible redeemable preferred
shares. Warburg Pincus LLC, a New York limited
liability company, acts as the manager of certain private equity
funds, including the Warburg Pincus entities. Warburg Pincus
Partners, LLC, a New York limited liability company
and a direct subsidiary of Warburg Pincus & Co.,
a New York general partnership, is the general partner of
the Warburg Pincus entities. Warburg Pincus & Co.
is the managing member of Warburg Pincus Partners, LLC. The
business address of the Warburg Pincus entities is
450 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10017, the
United States. Charles R. Kaye and Joseph P.
Landy are managing general partners of Warburg
Pincus & Co. and managing members and co-presidents of
Warburg Pincus LLC. Messrs. Kaye and Landy disclaim
beneficial ownership of the shares held by the Warburg Pincus
entities except to the extent of their pecuniary interests
therein.
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(8)
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Includes 15,004,277 issuable upon
the conversion of Series C convertible redeemable preferred
shares held by the IDG entities. “IDG entities” refers
to IDG-ACCEL China Growth Fund L.P., IDG-ACCEL China Growth
Fund-A L.P. and IDG-ACCEL China Investors L.P.
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Immediately prior to the completion
of this offering, IDG-ACCEL China Growth Fund L.P. holds
11,563,796 Series C convertible redeemable preferred
shares, IDG-ACCEL China Growth Fund-A L.P. holds 2,363,174
Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares, and
IDG-ACCEL China Investors L.P. holds 1,077,307 Series C
convertible redeemable preferred shares. Quan Zhou and Patrick
J. McGovern are the managing directors of IDG-Accel China Growth
Fund GP Associates Ltd., which is the General Partner of
IDG-Accel China Growth Fund Associates L.P., which is in
turn the General Partner of IDG-Accel China Growth Fund L.P
and IDG-ACCEL China Growth
Fund-A L.P.
Messrs. Zhou and McGovern disclaim beneficial ownership of the
shares held by IDG-ACCEL China Growth Fund L.P. and IDG-ACCEL
China Growth Fund-A L.P. except to the extent of their pecuniary
interests therein. Jim Breyer and Quan Zhou are the directors of
IDG-ACCEL China Investors Associates Ltd., which is the general
partner of IDG-ACCEL China Investors L.P. Messrs. Breyer
and Zhou disclaim beneficial ownership of the shares held by
IDG-ACCEL China Investors L.P. The business address of the IDG
entities is c/o IDG Capital Management (HK) Limited,
Unit 1509, 15F, 99 Queen’s Road Central, Hong
Kong.
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(9)
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Century First Limited is a company
incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Century First
Limited is wholly owned by Pikwah Tse, who is the
mother-in-law
of Mr. Vincent Tai. Its registered office is at 19/F,
Block C, Metropole Building, 416 King’s Road,
North Point, Hong Kong.
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As of the date of this prospectus, assuming the automatic
conversion of all of our preferred shares into ordinary shares,
157,085,108 of our outstanding shares are held by nine record
holders in the United States, which represents approximately
74.6% of our total outstanding shares. None of our shareholders
has informed us that he or she is affiliated with a registered
broker-dealer or is in the business of underwriting securities.
None of our existing shareholders will have different voting
rights from other shareholders after the completion of this
offering. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a
subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company.
See “Description of Share Capital — History of
Securities Issuances” for a description of issuances of our
ordinary shares and preferred shares that have resulted in
significant changes in ownership held by our major shareholders.
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RELATED
PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Private
Placements
See “Description of Share Capital — History of
Securities Issuance.”
Transactions
with Warburg Pincus Investment Portfolio Companies
In the year ended December 31, 2009, we purchased raw
materials on behalf of a related party at the amount of
approximately $0.4 million and charged a fee in the amount
of approximately $18,000 for such purchase. As of the date of
this prospectus, there are no outstanding amounts payable from
the related party. The related party is a privately owned
company controlled by Warburg Pincus entities.
In December 2007, we distributed our non-controlling equity
interest in a joint venture entity to our preferred and ordinary
shareholders on a pro rata basis. The joint venture entity is a
privately owned company and its board of directors shares a
director with our company, who was appointed by Warburg Pincus
entities.
We have engaged and may continue to engage in transactions in
the ordinary course of our business with Warburg Pincus
investment portfolio companies from time to time for amounts
that are not significant to us.
Shareholders
Agreement
See “Description of Share Capital — Shareholders
Agreement.”
Employment
Agreements
See “Management — Employment Agreements.”
Share
Incentives
See “Management — Share Incentive Plans.”
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DESCRIPTION
OF SHARE CAPITAL
We are a Cayman Islands company and our affairs are governed by
our memorandum and articles of association and the Companies Law
(2010 Revision) of the Cayman Islands, which we refer to as
the Companies Law below.
As of the date hereof, our authorized share capital consists of
470,000,000 ordinary shares with a par value of $0.01 each and
208,500,000 preferred shares with a par value of $0.01 each, of
which 142,500,000 preferred shares are designated as
Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares,
35,000,000 preferred shares are designated as Series B
convertible redeemable preferred shares, and 31,000,000
preferred shares are designated as Series C convertible
redeemable preferred shares. As of the date of this prospectus,
there are 53,078,434 ordinary shares, 94,648,784 Series A
convertible redeemable preferred shares, 32,972,304
Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares, and
30,008,554 Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares
issued and outstanding.
On October 19, 2010, we adopted our new amended and
restated memorandum and articles of association, which will
become effective upon the completion of this offering. The
following are summaries of material provisions of our new
amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and
the Companies Law insofar as they relate to the material terms
of our ordinary shares.
Ordinary
Shares
General. All of our outstanding ordinary
shares are fully paid. Certificates representing the ordinary
shares are issued in registered form. Our shareholders who are
not residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote
their shares.
Dividends. The holders of our ordinary shares
are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board
of directors subject to the Companies Law.
Voting Rights. Each ordinary share is entitled
to one vote on all matters upon which the ordinary shares are
entitled to vote. Voting at any shareholders’ meeting is by
show of hands unless a poll is demanded. A poll may be demanded
by any shareholder holding at least 10% of the shares given a
right to vote at the meeting, present in person or by proxy.
A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of at
least one shareholder present in person or by proxy or, if a
corporation or other non-natural person, by its duly authorized
representative, who hold not less than one-third of our voting
share capital. Shareholders’ meetings may be held annually
and may be convened by our board of directors on its own
initiative. Advance notice of at least seven calendar days is
required for the convening of shareholders’ meetings.
An ordinary resolution to be passed by the shareholders requires
the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes of the
ordinary shares cast in a general meeting, while a special
resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than
two-thirds of the votes cast attaching to the ordinary shares. A
special resolution is required for important matters such as a
change of name. Holders of the ordinary shares may effect
certain changes by ordinary resolution, including alter the
amount of our authorized share capital, consolidate all or any
of our share capital and divide all or any of our share capital
into shares of larger amount than our existing share capital,
and cancel any authorized unissued shares.
Transfer of Shares. Subject to the
restrictions set out in our memorandum and articles of
association, our shareholders may transfer all or any of their
ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer.
Our board of directors may decline to register any transfer of
any ordinary share which is not fully paid up or on which we
have a lien. Our board may also decline to register any transfer
of any ordinary share unless (a) the instrument of transfer
is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the
ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as
our board may reasonably require to show the right of the
transferor to make the transfer; and (b) a fee of such
maximum sum as the Nasdaq Global Market may determine to be
payable, or such lesser sum as our board may from time to time
require, is paid to us in respect thereof.
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If our board of directors refuses to register a transfer it
shall, within two months after the date on which the instrument
of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the
transferee notice of such refusal. The registration of transfers
may be suspended on 14 days’ notice being given by
advertisement in such one or more newspapers or by electronic
means and the register closed at such times and for such periods
as our board may from time to time determine.
Liquidation. On a return of capital on winding
up or otherwise (other than on conversion, redemption or
purchase of shares), assets available for distribution shall be
distributed as determined by the liquidator with the sanction of
an ordinary resolution of the shareholders.
Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares. Our
board of directors may from time to time make calls upon
shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their shares in a notice
served to such shareholders at least 14 calendar days prior to
the specified time and place of payment. Shares that have been
called upon and remain unpaid on the specified time are subject
to forfeiture.
Redemption of Shares. We may issue shares on
terms that are subject to redemption on such terms and in such
manner as may, before the issue of such shares, be determined by
the board of directors.
Variations of Rights of Shares. All or any of
the special rights attached to any class of shares may be varied
either with the written consent of the holders of a majority of
the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a
special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of
the shares of that class.
Inspection of Books and Records. Holders of
our ordinary shares will have no general right under Cayman
Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of
shareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide
our shareholders with annual audited financial statements. See
“Where You Can Find Additional Information.”
History
of Securities Issuances
The following is a summary of our securities issuance during the
past three years.
“Warburg Pincus entities” refers to Warburg Pincus
Private Equity VIII, L.P., Warburg Pincus Netherlands Private
Equity VIII I, C.V., WP-WPVIII Investors, L.P. (as
successor in interest to Warburg Pincus Germany Private Equity
VIII, K.G.), Warburg Pincus International Partners, L.P.,
Warburg Pincus Netherlands International Partners I, C.V.
and WP-WPIP Investors L.P. (as successor in interest to Warburg
Pincus Germany International Partners, K.G.). “IDG
entities” refers to IDG-ACCEL China Growth Fund L.P.,
IDG-ACCEL China Growth Fund-A L.P. and IDG-ACCEL China Investors
L.P.
In January 2007, RDA Micro BVI issued 15,004,277 Series C
convertible redeemable preferred shares to Warburg Pincus
entities for $5.0 million and 15,004,277 Series C
convertible redeemable preferred shares to IDG entities for
$5.0 million. Immediately after the issuance of the
Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares, Warburg
Pincus entities also held 94,648,784 Series A convertible
redeemable preferred shares of RDA Micro BVI which were issued
in three installments in 2004 and 2005 and 32,972,304
Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares of RDA
Micro BVI which were issued in 2006, in addition to the
Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares.
As part of our preparations in anticipation of our initial
public offering, RDA Cayman was established in May 2008 and one
subscriber share with a par value of $0.01 was allotted and
issued to Codan Trust Company (Cayman) Limited. This share
was subsequently transferred to Mr. Vincent Tai. RDA Cayman
repurchased that share from Mr. Tai in August 2008.
In August 2008, RDA Cayman issued a total of 37,434,517 ordinary
shares in exchange for the existing ordinary shares of RDA Micro
BVI, as well as 94,648,784 Series A convertible redeemable
preferred shares, 32,972,304 Series B convertible
redeemable preferred shares, and 15,004,277 Series C
convertible redeemable preferred shares to Warburg Pincus
entities and 15,004,277 Series C convertible redeemable
preferred shares to IDG entities in exchange for all the
preferred shares that these shareholders previously held in RDA
Micro BVI.
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In December 2009, RDA Cayman issued 12,899,062 ordinary shares
to 111 employees who had exercised vested stock options
granted under RDA Micro BVI’s 2005 Share Option
Scheme. These options had been assigned to and assumed by RDA
Cayman in August 2008.
In March 2010, RDA Cayman issued 1,950,642 ordinary shares to
Zhangjiang RDK Company Limited for $4.2 million.
In addition, we have granted options to purchase our ordinary
shares, restricted share units and restricted shares to certain
of our directors, executive officers, employees and consultants.
As of the date of this prospectus, the aggregate number of our
ordinary shares underlying our outstanding options is
16,984,871, the aggregate number of restricted share units
granted under the plan is 5,816,402, and the aggregate number of
restricted shares granted under the plan is 794,213. See
“Management — Share Incentive Plans.”
Issuance
of Additional Preferred Shares
Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association
authorize our board of directors to issue shares, grant rights
over existing shares or issue other securities in one or more
series as they deem necessary and appropriate and determine
designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights,
including dividend rights, conversion rights, terms of
redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may
be greater than the powers and rights associated with existing
shares in issue at such times and on such other terms as they
think proper.
Our board of directors may issue preferred shares, without
action by our shareholders, to the extent authorized but
unissued. The issuance of preferred shares may be used as an
anti-takeover device without further action on the part of the
shareholders. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting
power of holders of ordinary shares, including holders of ADSs.
Shareholders
Agreements
In connection with RDA Micro BVI’s issuance of its
Series A, Series B, and Series C convertible
redeemable preferred shares, RDA Micro BVI and all its
shareholders entered into an amended and restated shareholders
agreement in January 2007. In August 2008, this shareholders
agreement was assigned to and assumed by RDA Cayman.
In February 2010, RDA Cayman, its ordinary and preferred
shareholders who were parties to the amended and restated
shareholders agreement and all of RDA Cayman’s direct or
indirect subsidiaries entered into the second amended and
restated shareholder agreement. Pursuant to the second amended
and restated shareholders agreement, holders of a majority of
Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares are
entitled to appoint three directors of the board. Under this
shareholders agreement and our third amended and restated
memorandum and articles of association, our Series A,
Series B, and Series C preferred shareholders are also
entitled to registration rights and certain preferential rights,
including cumulative dividend rights, liquidation preference,
veto rights on certain corporate matters, redemption rights,
pre-emptive rights, rights of first refusal in the event that
ordinary shareholders or IDG entities intend to transfer or
dispose of any shares of our company, and drag-along rights.
Except for the registration rights, all preferred
shareholders’ rights will automatically terminate upon the
completion of this offering.
Registration
Rights
Pursuant to our second amended and restated shareholders
agreement, we have granted certain registration rights to our
shareholders. Set forth below is a description of the
registration rights granted under the agreement.
Demand Registration Rights. At any time after
the earlier of January 12, 2012 or the date six months
following the completion of this offering, upon a written
request from the holders of at least 50% of the registrable
securities then outstanding, we shall file a registration
statement covering the offer and sale of the registrable
securities. Registrable securities include our ordinary shares
issued or issued upon conversion of the preferred shares.
However, we are not obligated to proceed with a demand
registration if we have already effected three demand
registrations or if we have, within the six months period
preceding the date of such request, already effected
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a registration under the Securities Act pursuant to the exercise
of the holders’ demand registration rights or
Form F-3
registration rights or in which the holders had an opportunity
to participate pursuant to the exercise of their piggyback
registration rights. We have the right to defer the filing of a
registration statement for up to 120 days if our board of
directors determines in good faith that the filing of a
registration statement would be materially detrimental to us,
but we cannot exercise the deferral right more than once in any
12-month
period.
Piggyback Registration Rights. If we propose
to file a registration statement for a public offering of our
securities other than pursuant to registration statement
relating to any employee benefit plan or a corporate
reorganization, then we must offer holders of registrable
securities an opportunity to include in that registration all or
any part of their registrable securities. The underwriters of
any underwritten offering have the right to limit the number of
shares with registration rights to be included in the
registration statement, subject to certain limitations.
Form F-3
Registration Rights. When we are eligible for
registration on
Form F-3,
holders of a majority of all registrable securities then
outstanding will have the right to request that we file
registration statements on
Form F-3
covering the offer and sale of their securities. A
Form F-3
registration shall not be deemed to be a demand registration.
We are not obligated to effect a
Form F-3
registration, among other things, if (1) we have already
effected a registration under the Securities Act within the six
months period preceding the date of such request, other than a
registration from which the registrable securities of the
holders have been excluded, or (2) the dollar amount of
securities to be sold is of an aggregate price to the public of
less than $1.0 million. We have the right to defer filing
of a registration statement for up to 120 days if our board
of directors determines in good faith that the filing of a
registration statement would be materially detrimental to us,
but we cannot exercise the deferral right more than once in any
12-month
period.
Expenses of Registration. We will pay all
expenses relating to any demand, piggyback, or
Form F-3
registration, other than underwriting commissions and discounts.
Termination of Obligations. We shall have no
obligation to effect any demand, piggyback, or
Form F-3
registration if, in the reasonable opinion of our counsel, all
registrable securities may be sold at that time without
registration pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act.
Differences
in Corporate Law
The Companies Law of the Cayman Islands is modeled after that of
the United Kingdom but does not follow recent United Kingdom
statutory enactments. In addition, the Companies Law differs
from laws applicable to United States corporations and their
shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant
differences between the provisions of the Companies Law
applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies
incorporated in the United States and their shareholders.
Mergers and Similar Arrangements. The
Companies Law permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman
Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and
non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes,
(a) “merger” means the merging of two or more
constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking,
property and liabilities in one of such companies as the
surviving company; and (b) a “consolidation”
means the combination of two or more constituent companies into
a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking,
property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated
company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the
directors of each constituent company must approve a written
plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized
by either (a) a special resolution of the shareholders of
each constituent company voting together as one class if the
shares to be issued to each shareholder in the consolidated or
surviving company will have the same rights and economic value
as the shares held in the relevant constituent company or
(b) a shareholder resolution of each constituent company
passed by a majority in number representing 75% in value of the
shareholders voting together as one class. The plan must be
filed with the Registrar of Companies together with a
declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving
company, a list of the assets and liabilities of each
constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the
certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the
members and creditors of each constituent company and published
in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Dissenting shareholders have the
right to be paid the fair value of their shares (which, if not
agreed
99
between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands
court) if they follow the required procedures, subject to
certain exceptions. Court approval is not required for a merger
or consolidation which is effected in compliance with these
statutory procedures.
In addition, there are statutory provisions that facilitate the
reconstruction and amalgamation of companies, provided that the
arrangement is approved by a majority in number of each class of
shareholders and creditors with whom the arrangement is to be
made, and who must in addition represent three-fourths in value
of each such class of shareholders or creditors, as the case may
be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at
a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening
of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be
sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a
dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the
view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court
can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:
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the statutory provisions as to majority vote have been met;
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the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in
question;
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the arrangement is such that a businessman would reasonably
approve; and
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the arrangement is not one that would more properly be
sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Law.
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When a take-over offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0%
of the shares within four months, the offerer may, within a two
month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to
transfer such shares on the terms of the offer. An objection can
be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is
unlikely to succeed unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith
or collusion.
If the arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, the
dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to
appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available
to dissenting shareholders of United States corporations,
providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially
determined value of the shares.
Shareholders’ Suits. The Cayman Islands
courts can be expected to follow English case law precedents.
The common law principles (namely the rule in Foss v.
Harbottle and the exceptions thereto) which permit a
noncontrolling shareholder to commence a class action against or
derivative actions in the name of the company to challenge
(a) an act which is ultra vires the company or
illegal, (b) an act which constitutes a fraud against the
minority where the wrongdoers are themselves in control of the
company, and (c) an action which requires a resolution with
a qualified (or special) majority which has not been obtained)
have been applied and followed by the courts in the Cayman
Islands.
Indemnification. Cayman Islands law does not
limit the extent to which a company’s articles of
association may provide for indemnification of officers and
directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held
by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy,
such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the
consequences of committing a crime.
Under our amended and restated memorandum and articles of
association, we may indemnify our directors and officers against
all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, expenses, losses,
damages or liabilities incurred or sustained in connection with
the execution or discharge of their duties, including
liabilities incurred in defending any civil proceedings
concerning us or our affairs except for any matters in respect
of any willful neglect or default which may attach to any of the
said persons.
We intend to enter into indemnification agreements with our
directors and executive officers to indemnify them to the
fullest extent permitted by applicable law and our articles of
association, from and against all costs, charges, expenses,
liabilities and losses incurred in connection with any
litigation, suit or proceeding to which such director is or is
threatened to be made a party, witness or other participant.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or
persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have
been advised that in the opinion of the SEC, such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act and therefore is unenforceable.
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Anti-Takeover Provisions in Our Amended and Restated
Memorandum and Articles of Association. Some
provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles
of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in
control of our company that shareholders may consider favorable,
including provisions that authorize our board of directors to
issue preference shares in one or more series and to designate
the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of
such preference shares without any further vote or action by our
shareholders.
However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only
exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our
memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated
from time to time, for what they believe in good faith to be in
the best interests of our company.
Directors’ Fiduciary Duties. Under
Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has
a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This
duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of
loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good
faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would
exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a
director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders,
all material information reasonably available regarding a
significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a
director act in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in
the best interests of the corporation. He or she must not use
his or her corporate position for personal gain or advantage.
This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that
the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take
precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or
controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders
generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to
have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the
honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of
the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by
evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such
evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a
director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction,
and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.
Delaware corporate law does not prohibit an interested director
from voting on matters in which he or she has an interest. Under
Delaware corporate law, a transaction in which a director or
officer stands on both sides shall not be voidable by reason of
a conflict of interest if one of the following conditions are
met: (i) the relevant facts are known to the board and a
majority of disinterested directors approve; (ii) the
relevant facts are known to the shareholders, and the
shareholders approve; (iii) the terms of the transaction
are, as of the time it is authorized by the directors or the
shareholders, fair to the corporation.
In addition, Delaware corporate law does not require a majority
of a company’s directors to be independent.
As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman
Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect
to the company and therefore it is considered that he owes the
following duties to the company: (i) a duty to act bona
fide in the best interests of the company; (ii) a duty
not to make a profit based on his or her position as director
(unless the company permits him to do so); and (iii) a duty
not to put himself in a position where the interests of the
company conflict with his or her personal interest or his or her
duty to a third party. A director of a Cayman Islands company
owes to the company a duty to act with skill and care. It was
previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the
performance of his or her duties a greater degree of skill than
may reasonably be expected from a person of his or her knowledge
and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have
moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required
skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed
in the Cayman Islands.
Our amended and restated articles of association provide that
none of our directors shall be disqualified from office from
contracting with us nor shall any such contract or arrangement
in which any of our directors to be avoided, nor shall any of
our directors so contracting be liable to account to us or our
shareholders for any profit or other benefits realized by any
such contract or arrangement by reason of such director holding
that office or of the fiduciary relationship thereby established
provided that the director discloses the nature of his interest
in any contract or arrangement to our board.
Neither Cayman Islands Companies Law nor our memorandum and
articles of association requires a majority of our directors to
be independent.
Shareholder Action by Written Consent. Under
the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may
eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by
amendment to its certificate of incorporation.
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Cayman Islands law and our amended and restated articles of
association provide that shareholders may approve corporate
matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on
behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote
on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.
Shareholder Proposals. Under the Delaware
General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any
proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it
complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents.
A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any
other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but
shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.
Neither Cayman Islands law nor our memorandum and articles of
association allow our shareholders to requisition a
shareholders’ meeting. As an exempted Cayman Islands
company, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders’
annual general meetings.
Cumulative Voting. Under the Delaware General
Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is
not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of
incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting
potentially facilitates the representation of minority
shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the
minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the
shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases
the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing
such director. As permitted under Cayman Islands law, our
memorandum and articles of association do not provide for
cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not
afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than
shareholders of a Delaware corporation.
Removal of Directors. Under the Delaware
General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a
classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval
of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless
the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our
memorandum and articles of association, directors may be removed
by ordinary resolution.
Transactions with Interested Shareholders. The
Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination
statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the
corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such
statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is
prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with
an “interested shareholder” for three years following
the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An
interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or
which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding
voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect of
limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a
two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would
not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among
other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder
becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors
approves either the business combination or the transaction
which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder.
This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation
to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the
target’s board of directors.
Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we
cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by
the Delaware business combination statute. However, although
Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a
company and its significant shareholders, it does provide that
such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best
interests of the company and for a proper corporate purpose and
not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority
shareholders.
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DESCRIPTION
OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES
Citibank, N.A. has agreed to act as the depositary bank for the
ADSs. Citibank’s depositary offices are located at 388
Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10013. ADSs represent
ownership interests in securities that are on deposit with the
depositary bank. ADSs may be represented by certificates that
are commonly known as American Depositary Receipts or ADRs. The
depositary bank typically appoints a custodian to safekeep the
securities on deposit. In this case, the custodian is Citibank,
N.A. — Hong Kong, located at 10/F, Harbour Front (II),
22 Tak Fung Street, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
We will appoint Citibank as depositary bank pursuant to a
deposit agreement. A copy of the deposit agreement is on file
with the SEC under cover of a Registration Statement on
Form F-6.
You may obtain a copy of the deposit agreement from the
SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street,
N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 and from the SEC’s
website (www.sec.gov).
We are providing you with a summary description of the material
terms of the ADSs and of your material rights as an owner of
ADSs. Please remember that summaries by their nature lack the
precision of the information summarized and that the rights and
obligations of an owner of ADSs will be determined by reference
to the terms of the deposit agreement and not by this summary.
We urge you to review the deposit agreement in its entirety.
Each ADS represents the right to
receive
ordinary shares on deposit with the custodian. An ADS also
represents the right to receive any other property received by
the depositary bank or the custodian on behalf of the owner of
the ADS but that has not been distributed to the owners of ADSs
because of legal restrictions or practical considerations.
If you become an owner of ADSs, you will become a party to the
deposit agreement and therefore will be bound to its terms and
to the terms of any ADR that represents your ADSs. The deposit
agreement and the ADR specify our rights and obligations as well
as your rights and obligations as owner of ADSs and those of the
depositary bank. As an ADS holder you appoint the depositary
bank to act on your behalf in certain circumstances. The deposit
agreement and the ADRs are governed by New York law. However,
our obligations to the holders of ordinary shares will continue
to be governed by the laws of the Cayman Islands, which may be
different from the laws in the United States.
In addition, applicable laws and regulations may require you to
satisfy reporting requirements and obtain regulatory approvals
in certain circumstances. You are solely responsible for
complying with such reporting requirements and obtaining such
approvals. Neither the depositary bank, the custodian, we nor
any of their or our respective agents or affiliates shall be
required to take any actions whatsoever on behalf of you to
satisfy such reporting requirements or obtain such regulatory
approvals under applicable laws and regulations.
As an owner of ADSs, you may hold your ADSs either by means of
an ADR registered in your name, through a brokerage or
safekeeping account, or through an account established by the
depositary bank in your name reflecting the registration of
uncertificated ADSs directly on the books of the depositary bank
(commonly referred to as the direct registration system or DRS).
The direct registration system reflects the uncertificated
(book-entry) registration of ownership of ADSs by the depositary
bank. Under the direct registration system, ownership of ADSs is
evidenced by periodic statements issued by the depositary bank
to the holders of the ADSs. The direct registration system
includes automated transfers between the depositary bank and The
Depository Trust Company, or DTC, the central book-entry
clearing and settlement system for equity securities in the
United States. If you decide to hold your ADSs through your
brokerage or safekeeping account, you must rely on the
procedures of your broker or bank to assert your rights as ADS
owner. Banks and brokers typically hold securities such as the
ADSs through clearing and settlement systems such as DTC. The
procedures of such clearing and settlement systems may limit
your ability to exercise your rights as an owner of ADSs. Please
consult with your broker or bank if you have any questions
concerning these limitations and procedures. All ADSs held
through DTC will be registered in the name of a nominee of DTC.
This summary description assumes you have opted to own the ADSs
directly by means of an ADS registered in your name and, as
such, we will refer to you as the “holder.”
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Dividends
and Distributions
As a holder, you generally have the right to receive the
distributions we make on the securities deposited with the
custodian. Your receipt of these distributions may be limited,
however, by practical considerations and legal limitations.
Holders will receive such distributions under the terms of the
deposit agreement in proportion to the number of ADSs held as of
a specified record date.
Distributions
of Cash
Whenever we make a cash distribution for the securities on
deposit with the custodian, we will deposit the funds with the
custodian. Upon receipt of confirmation of the deposit of the
requisite funds, the depositary bank will arrange for the funds
to be converted into U.S. dollars and for the distribution
of the U.S. dollars to the holders, subject to the laws and
regulations of the Cayman Islands.
The conversion into U.S. dollars will take place only if
practicable and if the U.S. dollars are transferable to the
United States. The amounts distributed to holders will be net of
the fees, expenses, taxes and governmental charges payable by
holders under the terms of the deposit agreement. The depositary
bank will apply the same method for distributing the proceeds of
the sale of any property (such as undistributed rights) held by
the custodian in respect of securities on deposit.
Distributions
of Ordinary Shares
Whenever we make a free distribution of ordinary shares for the
securities on deposit with the custodian, we will deposit the
applicable number of ordinary shares with the custodian. Upon
receipt of confirmation of such deposit, the depositary bank
will either distribute to holders new ADSs representing the
ordinary shares deposited or modify the ADS-to-ordinary share
ratio, in which case each ADS you hold will represent rights and
interests in the additional ordinary shares so deposited. Only
whole new ADSs will be distributed. Fractional entitlements will
be sold and the proceeds of such sale will be distributed as in
the case of a cash distribution.
The distribution of new ADSs or the modification of the
ADS-to-ordinary share ratio upon a distribution of ordinary
shares will be made net of the fees, expenses, taxes and
governmental charges payable by holders under the terms of the
deposit agreement. In order to pay such taxes or governmental
charges, the depositary bank may sell all or a portion of the
new ordinary shares so distributed.
No such distribution of new ADSs will be made if it would
violate a law (including U.S. securities laws) or if it is
not operationally practicable. If the depositary bank does not
distribute new ADSs as described above, it may sell the ordinary
shares received upon the terms described in the deposit
agreement and will distribute the proceeds of the sale as in the
case of a distribution of cash.
Distributions
of Rights
Whenever we intend to distribute rights to purchase additional
ordinary shares, we will give prior notice to the depositary
bank and we will assist the depositary bank in determining
whether it is lawful and reasonably practicable to distribute
rights to purchase additional ADSs to holders.
The depositary bank will establish procedures to distribute
rights to purchase additional ADSs to holders and to enable such
holders to exercise such rights if it is lawful and reasonably
practicable to make the rights available to holders of ADSs, and
if we provide all of the documentation contemplated in the
deposit agreement (such as opinions to address the lawfulness of
the transaction). You may have to pay fees, expenses, taxes and
other governmental charges to subscribe for the new ADSs upon
the exercise of your rights. The depositary bank is not
obligated to establish procedures to facilitate the distribution
and exercise by holders of rights to purchase new ordinary
shares other than in the form of ADSs.
The depositary bank will not distribute the rights to you
if:
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we do not timely request that the rights be distributed to you
or we request that the rights not be distributed to you; or
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we fail to deliver satisfactory documents to the depositary
bank; or
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it is not reasonably practicable to distribute the rights.
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The depositary bank will sell the rights that are not exercised
or not distributed if such sale is lawful and reasonably
practicable. The proceeds of such sale will be distributed to
holders as in the case of a cash distribution. If the depositary
bank is unable to sell the rights, it will allow the rights to
lapse.
Elective
Distributions
Whenever we intend to distribute a dividend payable at the
election of shareholders either in cash or in additional shares,
we will give prior notice thereof to the depositary bank and
will indicate whether we wish the elective distribution to be
made available to you. In such case, we will assist the
depositary bank in determining whether such distribution is
lawful and reasonably practicable.
The depositary bank will make the election available to you only
if it is reasonably practicable and if we have provided all of
the documentation contemplated in the deposit agreement. In such
case, the depositary bank will establish procedures to enable
you to elect to receive either cash or additional ADSs, in each
case as described in the deposit agreement.
If the election is not made available to you, you will receive
either cash or additional ADSs, depending on what a shareholder
in the Cayman Islands would receive upon failing to make an
election, as more fully described in the deposit agreement.
Other
Distributions
Whenever we intend to distribute property other than cash,
ordinary shares or rights to purchase additional ordinary
shares, we will notify the depositary bank in advance and will
indicate whether we wish such distribution to be made to you. If
so, we will assist the depositary bank in determining whether
such distribution to holders is lawful and reasonably
practicable.
If it is reasonably practicable to distribute such property to
you and if we provide all of the documentation contemplated in
the deposit agreement, the depositary bank will distribute the
property to the holders in a manner it deems practicable.
The distribution will be made net of fees, expenses, taxes and
governmental charges payable by holders under the terms of the
deposit agreement. In order to pay such taxes and governmental
charges, the depositary bank may sell all or a portion of the
property received.
The depositary bank will not distribute the property to
you and will sell the property if:
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we do not request that the property be distributed to you or if
we ask that the property not be distributed to you; or
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we do not deliver satisfactory documents to the depositary
bank; or
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the depositary bank determines that all or a portion of the
distribution to you is not reasonably practicable.
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The proceeds of such a sale will be distributed to holders as in
the case of a cash distribution.
Redemption
Whenever we decide to redeem any of the securities on deposit
with the custodian, we will notify the depositary bank in
advance. If it is practicable and if we provide all of the
documentation contemplated in the deposit agreement, the
depositary bank will provide notice of the redemption to the
holders.
The custodian will be instructed to surrender the shares being
redeemed against payment of the applicable redemption price. The
depositary bank will convert the redemption funds received into
U.S. dollars upon the terms of the deposit agreement and
will establish procedures to enable holders to receive the net
proceeds from the redemption upon surrender of their ADSs to the
depositary bank. You may have to pay fees, expenses, taxes and
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other governmental charges upon the redemption of your ADSs. If
less than all ADSs are being redeemed, the ADSs to be retired
will be selected by lot or on a pro rata basis, as the
depositary bank may determine.
Changes
Affecting Ordinary Shares
The ordinary shares held on deposit for your ADSs may change
from time to time. For example, there may be a change in nominal
or par value, a
split-up,
cancellation, consolidation or reclassification of such ordinary
shares or a recapitalization, reorganization, merger,
consolidation or sale of assets.
If any such change were to occur, your ADSs would, to the extent
permitted by law, represent the right to receive the property
received or exchanged in respect of the ordinary shares held on
deposit. The depositary bank may in such circumstances deliver
new ADSs to you, amend the deposit agreement, the ADRs and the
applicable Registration Statement(s) on
Form F-6,
call for the exchange of your existing ADSs for new ADSs and
take any other actions that are appropriate to reflect as to the
ADSs the change affecting the ordinary shares. If the depositary
bank may not lawfully distribute such property to you, the
depositary bank may sell such property and distribute the net
proceeds to you as in the case of a cash distribution.
Issuance
of ADSs upon Deposit of Ordinary Shares
The depositary bank may create ADSs on your behalf if you or
your broker deposit ordinary shares with the custodian. The
depositary bank will deliver these ADSs to the person you
indicate only after you pay any applicable issuance fees and any
charges and taxes payable for the transfer of the ordinary
shares to the custodian. Your ability to deposit ordinary shares
and receive ADSs may be limited by U.S. and Cayman Islands
legal considerations applicable at the time of deposit.
The issuance of ADSs may be delayed until the depositary bank or
the custodian receives confirmation that all required approvals
have been given and that the ordinary shares have been duly
transferred to the custodian. The depositary bank will only
issue ADSs in whole numbers.
When you make a deposit of ordinary shares, you will be
responsible for transferring good and valid title to the
depositary bank. As such, you will be deemed to represent and
warrant that:
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The ordinary shares are duly authorized, validly issued, fully
paid, non-assessable and legally obtained.
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All preemptive (and similar) rights, if any, with respect to
such ordinary shares have been validly waived or exercised.
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You are duly authorized to deposit the ordinary shares.
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The ordinary shares presented for deposit are free and clear of
any lien, encumbrance, security interest, charge, mortgage or
adverse claim, and are not, and the ADSs issuable upon such
deposit will not be, “restricted securities” (as
defined in the deposit agreement).
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The ordinary shares presented for deposit have not been stripped
of any rights or entitlements.
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If any of the representations or warranties are incorrect in any
way, we and the depositary bank may, at your cost and expense,
take any and all actions necessary to correct the consequences
of the misrepresentations.
Transfer,
Combination and Split Up of ADRs
If you hold ADRs, you will be entitled to transfer, combine or
split up your ADRs and the ADSs evidenced thereby. For transfers
of ADRs, you will have to surrender the ADRs to be transferred
to the depositary bank and also must:
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ensure that the surrendered ADR certificate is properly endorsed
or otherwise in proper form for transfer;
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provide such proof of identity and genuineness of signatures as
the depositary bank deems appropriate;
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provide any transfer stamps required by the State of New York or
the United States; and
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pay all applicable fees, charges, expenses, taxes and other
government charges payable by ADR holders pursuant to the terms
of the deposit agreement, upon the transfer of ADRs.
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To have your ADRs either combined or split up, you must
surrender the ADRs in question to the depositary bank with your
request to have them combined or split up, and you must pay all
applicable fees, charges and expenses payable by ADR holders
pursuant to the terms of the deposit agreement upon a
combination or split up of ADRs.
Withdrawal
of Ordinary Shares Upon Cancellation of ADSs
As a holder, you will be entitled to present your ADSs to the
depositary bank for cancellation and then receive the
corresponding number of underlying ordinary shares at the
custodian’s offices. Your ability to withdraw the ordinary
shares may be limited by U.S. and Cayman Islands legal
considerations applicable at the time of withdrawal. In order to
withdraw the ordinary shares represented by your ADSs, you will
be required to pay to the depositary bank the fees for
cancellation of ADSs and any charges and taxes payable upon the
transfer of the ordinary shares being withdrawn. You assume the
risk for delivery of all funds and securities upon withdrawal.
Once canceled, the ADSs will not have any rights under the
deposit agreement.
If you hold ADSs registered in your name, the depositary bank
may ask you to provide proof of identity and genuineness of any
signature and such other documents as the depositary bank may
deem appropriate before it will cancel your ADSs. The withdrawal
of the ordinary shares represented by your ADSs may be delayed
until the depositary bank receives satisfactory evidence of
compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Please keep
in mind that the depositary bank will only accept ADSs for
cancellation that represent a whole number of securities on
deposit.
You will have the right to withdraw the securities represented
by your ADSs at any time except for:
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temporary delays that may arise because (i) the transfer
books for the ordinary shares or ADSs are closed or
(ii) ordinary shares are immobilized on account of a
shareholders’ meeting or a payment of dividends;
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obligations to pay fees, taxes and similar charges; and
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restrictions imposed because of laws or regulations applicable
to ADSs or the withdrawal of securities on deposit.
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The deposit agreement may not be modified to impair your right
to withdraw the securities represented by your ADSs except to
comply with mandatory provisions of law.
Voting
Rights
As a holder, you generally have the right under the deposit
agreement to instruct the depositary bank to exercise the voting
rights for the ordinary shares represented by your ADSs. The
voting rights of holders of ordinary shares are described in
Description of Share Capital.
At our request, the depositary bank will distribute to you any
notice of shareholders’ meeting received from us together
with information explaining how to instruct the depositary bank
to exercise the voting rights of the securities represented by
ADSs.
Voting at our shareholders’ meetings is by show of hands
unless a poll is demanded. A poll may be demanded by the
chairman of our board of directors or any shareholder present in
person or by proxy. If the depositary bank timely receives
voting instructions from a holder of ADSs, the depositary bank
will endeavor to cause the ordinary shares on deposit to be
voted as follows: (a) in the event voting takes place at a
shareholders’ meeting by show of hands, the depositary bank
will instruct the custodian to vote all ordinary shares (in
person or by proxy) on deposit in accordance with the voting
instructions received from a majority of the holders of ADSs who
provided voting instructions; or (b) in the event voting
takes place at a shareholders’ meeting by poll, the
depositary bank will instruct the custodian to vote the ordinary
shares (in person or by proxy) on deposit in accordance with the
voting instructions received from holders of ADSs. If you do not
vote, the depositary bank will give us a discretionary
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proxy to vote our ordinary shares underlying your ADSs at
shareholders meetings, unless (i) we have instructed the
depositary that we do not wish a discretionary proxy to be
given; (ii) we have informed the depositary that there is
substantial opposition as to a matter to be voted on at the
meeting; (iii) a matter to be voted on at the meeting would
have a material adverse impact on shareholders; or
(iv) voting at the meeting is made on a show of hands. If
voting is by show of hands, the depositary will instruct the
custodian to vote all deposited securities in accordance with
the voting instructions received from a majority of ADS holders
who provided voting instructions.
Please note that the ability of the depositary bank to carry out
voting instructions may be limited by practical and legal
limitations and the terms of the securities on deposit. We
cannot assure you that you will receive voting materials in time
to enable you to return voting instructions to the depositary
bank in a timely manner.
Fees and
Charges
As an ADS holder, you will be required to pay the following
service fees to the depositary bank:
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Service
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Fees
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• Issuance of ADSs
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Up to U.S.5¢ per ADS issued
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• Cancellation of ADSs
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Up to U.S.5¢ per ADS canceled
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• Distribution of cash dividends or other cash
distributions
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Up to U.S.5¢ per ADS held
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• Distribution of ADSs pursuant to stock dividends,
free stock distributions or exercise of rights.
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Up to U.S.5¢ per ADS held
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• Distribution of securities other than ADSs or rights
to purchase additional ADSs
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Up to U.S.5¢ per ADS held
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• Depositary services
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Up to U.S.5¢ per ADS held on the applicable record date(s)
established by the depositary bank
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• Transfer of ADRs
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U.S.$1.50 per certificate presented for transfer
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As an ADS holder you will also be responsible to pay certain
fees and expenses incurred by the depositary bank and certain
taxes and governmental charges such as:
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fees for the transfer and registration of ordinary shares
charged by the registrar and transfer agent for the ordinary
shares in the Cayman Islands (i.e., upon deposit and
withdrawal of ordinary shares);
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expenses incurred for converting foreign currency into
U.S. dollars;
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expenses for cable, telex and fax transmissions and for delivery
of securities;
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taxes and duties upon the transfer of securities (i.e.,
when ordinary shares are deposited or withdrawn from
deposit); and
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fees and expenses incurred in connection with the delivery or
servicing of ordinary shares on deposit.
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Depositary fees payable upon the issuance and cancellation of
ADSs are typically paid to the depositary bank by the brokers
(on behalf of their clients) receiving the newly issued ADSs
from the depositary bank and by the brokers (on behalf of their
clients) delivering the ADSs to the depositary bank for
cancellation. The brokers in turn charge these fees to their
clients. Depositary fees payable in connection with
distributions of cash or securities to ADS holders and the
depositary services fee are charged by the depositary bank to
the holders of record of ADSs as of the applicable ADS record
date.
The depositary fees payable for cash distributions are generally
deducted from the cash being distributed. In the case of
distributions other than cash (such as stock dividends and
rights distributions), the depositary bank charges the
applicable fee to the ADS record date holders concurrent with
the distribution. In the case of ADSs registered in the name of
the investor (whether certificated or uncertificated in direct
registration), the depositary bank sends invoices to the
applicable record date ADS holders. In the case of ADSs held in
brokerage and custodian
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accounts (via DTC), the depositary bank generally collects its
fees through the systems provided by DTC (whose nominee is the
registered holder of the ADSs held in DTC) from the brokers and
custodians holding ADSs in their DTC accounts. The brokers and
custodians who hold their clients’ ADSs in DTC accounts in
turn charge their clients’ accounts the amount of the fees
paid to the depositary banks.
In the event of refusal to pay the depositary fees, the
depositary bank may, under the terms of the deposit agreement,
refuse the requested service until payment is received or may
set off the amount of the depositary fees from any distribution
to be made to the ADS holder.
Note that the fees and charges you may be required to pay may
vary over time and may be changed by us and by the depositary
bank. You will receive prior notice of such changes.
The depositary bank may reimburse us for certain expenses
incurred by us in respect of the ADR program established
pursuant to the deposit agreement, by making available a portion
of the depositary fees charged in respect of the ADR program or
otherwise, upon such terms and conditions as we and the
depositary bank may agree from time to time.
Amendments
and Termination
We may agree with the depositary bank to modify the deposit
agreement at any time without your consent. We undertake to give
holders 30 days’ prior notice of any modifications
that would materially prejudice any of their substantial rights
under the deposit agreement. We will not consider to be
materially prejudicial to your substantial rights any
modifications or supplements that are reasonably necessary for
the ADSs to be registered under the Securities Act or to be
eligible for book-entry settlement, in each case without
imposing or increasing the fees and charges you are required to
pay. In addition, we may not be able to provide you with prior
notice of any modifications or supplements that are required to
accommodate compliance with applicable provisions of law.
You will be bound by the modifications to the deposit agreement
if you continue to hold your ADSs after the modifications to the
deposit agreement become effective. The deposit agreement cannot
be amended to prevent you from withdrawing the ordinary shares
represented by your ADSs (except as permitted by law).
We have the right to direct the depositary bank to terminate the
deposit agreement. Similarly, the depositary bank may in certain
circumstances on its own initiative terminate the deposit
agreement. In either case, the depositary bank must give notice
to the holders at least 30 days before termination. Until
termination, your rights under the deposit agreement will be
unaffected.
After termination, the depositary bank will continue to collect
distributions received (but will not distribute any such
property until you request the cancellation of your ADSs) and
may sell the securities held on deposit. After the sale, the
depositary bank will hold the proceeds from such sale and any
other funds then held for the holders of ADSs in a non-interest
bearing account. At that point, the depositary bank will have no
further obligations to holders other than to account for the
funds then held for the holders of ADSs still outstanding (after
deduction of applicable fees, taxes and expenses).
Books of
Depositary Bank
The depositary bank will maintain ADS holder records at its
depositary office. You may inspect such records at such office
during regular business hours but solely for the purpose of
communicating with other holders in the interest of business
matters relating to the ADSs and the deposit agreement.
The depositary bank will maintain facilities in New York to
record and process the issuance, cancellation, combination,
split-up and
transfer of ADSs. These facilities may be closed from time to
time, to the extent not prohibited by law.
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Limitations
on Obligations and Liabilities
The deposit agreement limits our obligations and the depositary
bank’s obligations to you. Please note the following:
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We and the depositary bank are obligated only to take the
actions specifically stated in the deposit agreement without
negligence or bad faith.
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The depositary bank disclaims any liability for any failure to
carry out voting instructions, for any manner in which a vote is
cast or for the effect of any vote, provided it acts in good
faith and in accordance with the terms of the deposit agreement.
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The depositary bank disclaims any liability for any failure to
determine the lawfulness or practicality of any action, for the
content of any document forwarded to you on our behalf or for
the accuracy of any translation of such a document, for the
investment risks associated with investing in ordinary shares,
for the validity or worth of the ordinary shares, for any tax
consequences that result from the ownership of ADSs, for the
credit-worthiness of any third party, for allowing any rights to
lapse under the terms of the deposit agreement, for the
timeliness of any of our notices or for any failure by us to
give notice.
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We and the depositary bank will not be obligated to perform any
act that is inconsistent with the terms of the deposit agreement.
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We and the depositary bank disclaim any liability if we or the
depositary bank are prevented or forbidden from or subject to
any civil or criminal penalty or restraint on account of, or
delayed in, doing or performing any act or thing required by the
terms of the deposit agreement, by reason of any provision,
present or future of any law or regulation, or by reason of
present or future provision of any provision of our articles of
association, or any provision of or governing the securities on
deposit, or by reason of any act of God or war or other
circumstances beyond our control.
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We and the depositary bank disclaim any liability by reason of
any exercise of, or failure to exercise, any discretion provided
for the deposit agreement or in our articles of association or
in any provisions of or governing the securities on deposit.
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We and the depositary bank further disclaim any liability for
any action or inaction in reliance on the advice or information
received from legal counsel, accountants, any person presenting
ordinary shares for deposit, any holder of ADSs or authorized
representatives thereof, or any other person believed by either
of us in good faith to be competent to give such advice or
information.
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We and the depositary bank also disclaim liability for the
inability of a holder to benefit from any distribution,
offering, right or other benefit that is made available to
holders of ordinary shares but is not, under the terms of the
deposit agreement, made available to you.
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We and the depositary bank may rely without any liability upon
any written notice, request or other document believed to be
genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper
parties.
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We and the depositary bank also disclaim liability for any
consequential or punitive damages for any breach of the terms of
the deposit agreement.
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Pre-Release
Transactions
Subject to the terms and conditions of the deposit agreement,
the depositary bank may issue ADSs to broker-dealers before
receiving a deposit of ordinary shares or release ordinary
shares to broker-dealers before receiving ADSs for cancellation.
These transactions, which are entered into between the
depositary bank and the applicable broker-dealer, are commonly
referred to as “pre-release transactions.” The deposit
agreement limits the aggregate size of pre-release transactions
and imposes a number of conditions on such transactions
(including the need to receive collateral, the type of
collateral required and the representations required from
brokers). Under the terms of the deposit agreement, each
pre-release
transaction must be fully collateralized with cash,
U.S. government securities or such other collateral as the
depositary bank deems appropriate. The depositary bank may
retain the compensation received from the pre-release
transactions.
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Taxes
You will be responsible for the taxes and other governmental
charges payable on the ADSs and the securities represented by
the ADSs. We, the depositary bank and the custodian may deduct
from any distribution the taxes and governmental charges payable
by holders and may sell any and all property on deposit to pay
the taxes and governmental charges payable by holders. You will
be liable for any deficiency if the sale proceeds do not cover
the taxes that are due.
The depositary bank may refuse to issue ADSs, to deliver,
transfer, split and combine ADRs or to release securities on
deposit until all taxes and charges are paid by the applicable
holder. The depositary bank and the custodian may take
reasonable administrative actions to obtain tax refunds and
reduced tax withholding for any distributions on your behalf.
However, you may be required to provide to the depositary bank
and to the custodian proof of taxpayer status and residence and
such other information as the depositary bank and the custodian
may require to fulfill legal obligations. You are required to
indemnify us, the depositary bank and the custodian for any
claims with respect to taxes based on any tax benefit obtained
for you.
Foreign
Currency Conversion
The depositary bank will arrange for the conversion of all
foreign currency received into U.S. dollars if such
conversion is practical, and it will distribute the
U.S. dollars in accordance with the terms of the deposit
agreement. You may have to pay fees and expenses incurred in
converting foreign currency, such as fees and expenses incurred
in complying with currency exchange controls and other
governmental requirements.
If the conversion of foreign currency is not practical or
lawful, or if any required approvals are denied or not
obtainable at a reasonable cost or within a reasonable period,
the depositary bank may take the following actions in its
discretion:
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Convert the foreign currency to the extent practical and lawful
and distribute the U.S. dollars to the holders for whom the
conversion and distribution is lawful and practical.
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Distribute the foreign currency to holders for whom the
distribution is lawful and practical.
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Hold the foreign currency (without liability for interest) for
the applicable holders.
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SHARES
ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Upon completion of this offering, we will
have
ADSs outstanding, representing
approximately % of our outstanding
ordinary shares. All of the ADSs sold in this offering will be
freely transferable by persons other than our
“affiliates” without restriction or further
registration under the Securities Act. Sales of substantial
amounts of our ADSs in the public market could adversely affect
prevailing market prices of our ADSs. Prior to this offering,
there has been no public market for our ordinary shares or the
ADSs, and while application has been made for the ADSs to be
listed on the Nasdaq Global Market, we cannot assure you that a
regular trading market will develop in the ADSs. We do not
expect that a trading market will develop for our ordinary
shares not represented by the ADSs.
Lock-Up
Agreements
Our directors, executive officers and shareholders have agreed,
subject to some exceptions, not to transfer or dispose of,
directly or indirectly, any of our ordinary shares, in the form
of ADSs or otherwise, or any securities convertible into or
exchangeable or exercisable for our ordinary shares, in the form
of ADSs or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the
representatives on behalf of the underwriters, for a period of
180 days after the date this prospectus becomes effective.
After the expiration of the
180-day
period, the ordinary shares or ADSs held by the selling
shareholders, our directors, executive officers and certain of
our existing shareholders may be sold subject to the
restrictions under Rule 144 under the Securities Act or by
means of registered public offerings.
The 180-day
restricted period is subject to adjustment under certain
circumstances. If (1) during the last 17 days of the
180-day
restricted period, we issue an earnings release or material news
or a material event relating to us occurs; or (2) prior to
the expiration of the
180-day
restricted period, we announce that we will release earnings
results during the
16-day
period beginning on the last day of the
180-day
period, the restrictions will continue to apply until the
expiration of the
18-day
period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the
occurrence of the material news or material event.
Rule 144
Under Rule 144 as currently in effect, a person who has
beneficially owned our restricted shares for at least six months
is generally entitled to sell the restricted securities without
registration under the Securities Act beginning 90 days
after the date of this prospectus, subject to certain additional
restrictions.
Our affiliates may sell within any three-month period a number
of restricted shares that does not exceed the greater of the
following:
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1% of the then outstanding ordinary shares, in the form of ADSs
or otherwise, which will equal
approximately
ordinary shares immediately after this offering; or
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the average weekly trading volume of our ordinary shares in the
form of ADSs or otherwise, on the Nasdaq Global Market, during
the four calendar weeks preceding the date on which notice of
the sale is filed with the SEC.
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Affiliates who sell restricted securities under Rule 144
may not solicit orders or arrange for the solicitation of
orders, and they are also subject to notice requirements and the
availability of current public information about us.
Persons who are not our affiliates are only subject to one of
these additional restrictions, the requirement of the
availability of current public information about us, and this
additional restriction does not apply if they have beneficially
owned our restricted shares for more than one year.
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Rule 701
In general, under Rule 701 of the Securities Act as
currently in effect, each of our employees, consultants or
advisors who purchases our ordinary shares from us in connection
with a compensatory stock or option plan or other written
agreement relating to compensation is eligible to resell such
ordinary shares 90 days after we became a reporting company
under the Exchange Act in reliance on Rule 144, but without
compliance with some of the restrictions, including the holding
period, contained in Rule 144.
Registration
Rights
Upon completion of this offering, certain holders of our
ordinary shares or their transferees will be entitled to request
that we register their shares under the Securities Act,
following the expiration of the
lock-up
agreements described above. See “Description of Share
Capital — Registration Rights.”
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TAXATION
The following discussion of material Cayman Islands, PRC and
United States federal income tax consequences of an investment
in our ADSs or ordinary shares is based upon laws and relevant
interpretations thereof as of the date of this prospectus, all
of which are subject to change. This discussion does not deal
with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in
our ADSs or ordinary shares, such as the tax consequences under
state, local and other tax laws. To the extent that the
discussion relates to matters of Cayman Islands tax law, it
represents the opinion of Conyers Dill & Pearman, our
Cayman Islands counsel; to the extent that it relates to matters
of PRC tax law, it represents the opinion of Jun He Law Offices,
our PRC counsel; and except as otherwise provided, to the extent
that it sets forth specific legal conclusions under United
States federal income tax law, it represents the opinion of
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, our special
United States counsel.
Cayman
Islands Taxation
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or
corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation
and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or
estate duty. There are no other taxes levied by the Government
of the Cayman Islands likely to be material to holders of our
ordinary shares or ADSs who are not themselves residents of the
Cayman Islands. Dividend payments are not subject to withholding
tax in the Cayman Islands. There are no exchange control
regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands. The
Cayman Islands is not a party to any tax treaties for the
avoidance of double taxation.
People’s
Republic of China Taxation
Under the PRC enterprise income tax law, an enterprise
established outside the PRC with “de facto management
bodies” within the PRC should be considered a
“resident enterprise” of the PRC. Under the
implementation regulations to the enterprise income tax law, a
“de facto management body” is defined as a body that
has material and overall management and control over the
manufacturing and business operations, personnel and human
resources, finances and properties of an enterprise. In
addition, a circular issued by the State Administration of
Taxation on April 22, 2009 sets out the standards and procedures
for recognizing the location of the “effective
management” of an enterprise registered outside of the PRC
and funded by Chinese enterprises as controlling investors. This
circular specifies that certain PRC-invested enterprises will be
classified as PRC resident enterprises if the following are
located or resident in the PRC: senior management personnel and
departments that are responsible for daily production, operation
and management; financial and personnel decision making bodies;
key properties, accounting books, the company seal, and minutes
of board meetings and shareholders’ meetings; and half or
more of the senior management or directors having voting rights.
Although this circular explicitly provides that the above
standards shall apply to enterprises which are registered
outside the PRC and funded by Chinese enterprises as controlling
investors, it is still uncertain whether such standards under
this circular may be cited for reference and be adopted when
considering whether our “effective management” is in
the PRC or not, and whether we may be considered a resident
enterprise under the PRC enterprise income tax law. We believe
that we are not a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC
tax authorities determine that RDA Cayman, our Cayman Islands
holding company, is a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise
income tax purposes, we may be required to withhold a
withholding tax from dividends we pay to our shareholders,
including the holders of our ADSs. In addition, shareholders and
ADS holders may be subject to PRC tax on gains realized on the
sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares, if such
income is treated as sourced from within the PRC. It is unclear
whether non-PRC shareholders of RDA Cayman would be able to
claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of
tax residence and the PRC in the event that RDA Cayman is
treated as a PRC resident enterprise.
United
States Federal Income Taxation
The following is a discussion of the United States federal
income tax considerations relating to the acquisition,
ownership, and disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares that
are anticipated to be material to a U.S. Holder (as defined
below) that will hold ADSs or ordinary shares as “capital
assets” (generally, property held for investment) under the
United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. This
discussion is based upon existing United States federal income
tax law, which is subject to differing interpretations or
change, possibly with retroactive effect. It is also based, in
part, on representations by the depositary and assumes that each
obligation under the
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deposit agreement and any related agreement will be performed in
accordance with its terms. This discussion does not address all
aspects of United States federal income taxation that may be
important to particular investors in light of their individual
investment circumstances, including investors subject to special
tax rules (for example, financial institutions, insurance
companies, broker-dealers, partnerships and their partners, and
tax-exempt organizations (including private foundations)),
investors that are not U.S. Holders, investors that own
(directly, indirectly, or constructively) 10% or more of our
voting stock, investors that will hold their ADSs or ordinary
shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, constructive
sale, or other integrated transaction for United States federal
income tax purposes, or investors that have a functional
currency other than the United States dollar, all of whom may be
subject to tax rules that differ significantly from those
summarized below. In addition, this discussion does not address
any
non-United
States, state, or local tax considerations. This description,
moreover, does not address the U.S. federal estate and gift
tax or alternative minimum tax consequences of the acquisition
or ownership our ADSs or ordinary shares. Each U.S. Holder
is urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the United
States federal, state, local, and
non-United
States income and other tax considerations of an investment in
ADSs or ordinary shares.
General
For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder”
is a beneficial owner of our ADSs or ordinary shares that is,
for United States federal income tax purposes, (i) an
individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States,
(ii) a corporation or other entity subject to tax as a
corporation, for United States federal income tax purposes,
created in, or organized under the law of the United States or
any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (iii) an
estate the income of which is includible in gross income for
United States federal income tax purposes regardless of its
source, or (iv) a trust (A) the administration of
which is subject to the primary supervision of a United States
court and which has one or more United States persons who have
the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust
or (B) that has otherwise validly elected to be treated as
a United States person under the United States Internal Revenue
Code.
If a partnership is a beneficial owner of our ADSs or ordinary
shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will
generally depend upon the status of the partner and the
activities of the partnership. Partners of a partnership holding
our ADSs or ordinary shares are urged to consult their tax
advisors regarding an investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares.
For United States federal income tax purposes, U.S. Holders
of ADSs will be treated as the beneficial owners of the
underlying shares represented by the ADSs.
Passive
Foreign Investment Company Considerations
A non-United
States corporation, such as our company, will be classified as a
passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for United States
federal income tax purposes, if either (i) 75% or more of
its gross income consists of certain types of
“passive” income or (ii) 50% or more of the fair
market value of its assets (determined on the basis of a
quarterly average) produce or are held for the production of
passive income. For this purpose, cash is categorized as a
passive asset and our unbooked intangibles will be taken into
account and generally treated as non-passive assets. We will be
treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets and
earning our proportionate share of the income of any other
corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, more than
25% (by value) of the stock.
While we do not anticipate becoming a PFIC in the current or
future taxable years, there can be no assurance that we will not
be a PFIC for any taxable year, as PFIC status is tested each
taxable year and depends on the composition of our assets and
income in such taxable year. In particular, the composition of
our income and our assets after this offering will be affected
by how, and how quickly, we spend our liquid assets and the cash
raised in this offering. Under circumstances where we determine
not to deploy significant amounts of cash for capital
expenditures and other general corporate purposes, our risk of
becoming classified as a PFIC may substantially increase. If we
are classified as a PFIC for any year during which a
U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or ordinary shares, we will
generally continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding
years during which such U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or
ordinary shares.
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Because PFIC status is a fact-intensive determination made on an
annual basis and depends on the composition of our assets and
income at such time, no assurance can be given that we are not
or will not become classified as a PFIC. The discussion below
under “Dividends” and “Sale or Other Disposition
of ADSs or Ordinary Shares” is written on the basis that we
will not be classified as a PFIC for United States federal
income tax purposes. Because PFIC status is a fact-intensive
determination made on a prospective annual basis, our special
United States counsel expresses no opinion with respect to our
PFIC status and also expresses no opinion with respect to our
expectations regarding our PFIC status.
The discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment
Company Rules” describes the consequences if we are or
become qualified as a PFIC.
Dividends
Any cash distributions (including the amount of any PRC tax
withheld from such cash distributions) paid on ADSs or ordinary
shares out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits,
as determined under United States federal income tax principles,
will generally be includible in the gross income of a
U.S. Holder as dividend income. Because we do not intend to
determine our earnings and profits on the basis of United States
federal income tax principles, U.S. holders should expect
that any distribution paid will generally be reported to them as
a “dividend” for United States federal income tax
purposes. For taxable years beginning before January 1,
2011, certain
non-corporate
recipients of dividends paid in respect of ADSs or ordinary
shares represented by ADSs will generally be subject to tax on
the dividends at a maximum federal income tax rate of 15%,
provided that certain conditions (including holding period
requirements) are met. In the event that we are deemed to be a
PRC “resident enterprise” under the PRC enterprise
income tax law, we may be eligible for the benefits of the
United States-PRC income tax treaty. See
“Taxation — Peoples’ Republic of China
Taxation.” If we are eligible for such benefits, dividends
we pay on our ordinary shares, regardless of whether such shares
are represented by the ADSs, would be eligible for the reduced
rates of taxation described above. In addition, in the event
that we are deemed to be a PRC “resident enterprise”
under PRC tax law, a U.S. Holder may be subject to PRC
withholding taxes on dividends paid on our ADSs. Dividends
received on the ADSs or ordinary shares will not be eligible for
the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations.
Dividends will generally be treated as income from foreign
sources for United States foreign tax credit purposes. A
U.S. Holder may be eligible, subject to a number of complex
limitations, to claim a foreign tax credit in respect of any
foreign withholding taxes (not in excess of any applicable
treaty rate) imposed on dividends received on ADSs or ordinary
shares. A U.S. Holder who does not elect to claim a foreign
tax credit for foreign tax withheld, may instead claim a
deduction, for United States federal income tax purposes, in
respect of such withholdings, but only for a year in which such
holder elects to do so for all foreign income taxes.
The rules with respect to foreign tax credits are complex and
U.S. Holders are urged to consult their independent tax
advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit
under their particular circumstances.
Sale
or Other Disposition of ADSs or Ordinary Shares
A U.S. Holder will generally recognize capital gain or loss
upon the sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares in
an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized
upon the disposition and the holder’s adjusted tax basis in
such ADSs or ordinary shares. Any capital gain or loss will be
long-term if the ADSs or ordinary shares have been held for more
than one year and will generally be United States source gain or
loss for United States foreign tax credit purposes, which is
likely to affect the ability of a U.S. Holder to claim such
credits. In the event that gain from the disposition of the ADSs
or ordinary shares is subject to tax in the PRC, such gain may
be treated as PRC source gain under the United States-PRC income
tax treaty, in which case a U.S. Holder that is eligible
for the benefits of the treaty may be able to claim a foreign
tax credit, subject to applicable limitations. See
“People’s Republic of China Taxation.” The
deductibility of a capital loss may be subject to limitations.
Passive
Foreign Investment Company Rules
If we are classified as a PFIC for any taxable year during which
a U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or ordinary shares, unless a
U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election (as described
below), a U.S. Holder will generally be
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subject to imputed interest charges, characterization of a
portion of any gain from the sale or exchange of our ADSs or
ordinary shares as ordinary income, and other disadvantageous
tax treatment with respect to our ADSs or ordinary shares.
As an alternative to the foregoing rules, a U.S. holder of
“marketable stock” in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market
election, provided that the ADSs are actively traded. We
anticipate that the ADSs should qualify as being actively
traded, but no assurances may be given in this regard. If a
U.S. Holder of ADSs makes this election, the
U.S. Holder of ADSs will generally (i) include as
income for each taxable year the excess, if any, of the fair
market value of ADSs held at the end of the taxable year over
the adjusted tax basis of such ADSs and (ii) deduct as a
loss the excess, if any, of the adjusted tax basis of the ADSs
over the fair market value of such ADSs held at the end of the
taxable year, but only to the extent of the amount previously
included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election.
The U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the ADSs would
be adjusted to reflect any income or loss resulting from the
mark-to-market election. If a U.S. holder makes a
mark-to-market election in respect of a corporation classified
as a PFIC and such corporation ceases to be classified as a
PFIC, the U.S. holder will not be required to take into
account the gain or loss described above during any period that
such corporation is not classified as a PFIC.
A qualified electing fund election (a “QEF election”)
could also alleviate certain of the tax consequences referred to
above. However, it is expected that the conditions necessary for
making a QEF election will not apply in the case of our ADSs and
ordinary shares, because we do not expect to make available the
information necessary for U.S. Holders to report income and
certain losses in a manner consistent with the requirements for
such elections.
If a U.S. Holder owns our ADSs or ordinary shares during
any taxable year that we are a PFIC, such U.S. Holder may
be subject to certain reporting obligations with respect to our
ADSs or ordinary shares, including reporting on Internal Revenue
Service Form 8621. In the case of a U.S. Holder that
has held ADSs during any taxable year in respect of which we
were classified as a PFIC and continue to hold such ADSs (or any
portion thereof), and has not previously determined to make a
mark-to-market
election, and that is now considering making a mark-to-market
election, special tax rules may apply relating to purging the
PFIC taint of such ADSs. Each U.S. Holder is urged to
consult its tax advisor concerning the United States federal
income tax consequences of purchasing, holding, and disposing
ADSs or ordinary shares if we are or become classified as a
PFIC, including the possibility of making a mark-to-market or
other election.
117
UNDERWRITING
Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in an
underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus, the
underwriters named below, for whom Morgan Stanley &
Co. International plc and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC are
acting as representatives, have severally agreed to purchase,
and we and the selling shareholders have agreed to sell to them,
severally, the number of ADSs indicated below:
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Name
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Number of ADSs
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Morgan Stanley & Co. International plc
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Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
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Caris & Company, Inc.
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Total
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The underwriters and the representatives are collectively
referred to as the “underwriters.” The underwriters
are offering the ADSs subject to their acceptance of the ADSs
from us and the selling shareholders and subject to prior sale.
The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the
several underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the ADSs
offered by this prospectus are subject to the approval of
certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other
conditions, including the absence of any material adverse change
in our business and the receipt of certain certificates,
opinions and letters from us, our counsel and the independent
accountants. The underwriters are obligated, severally and not
jointly, to take and pay for all of the ADSs offered by this
prospectus if any such ADSs are taken. The underwriters are not
required, however, to take or pay for the ADSs covered by the
underwriters’ over-allotment option described below. Morgan
Stanley & Co. International plc will offer the ADSs in
the United States through its registered broker-dealers in the
United States.
The underwriters initially propose to offer part of the ADSs
directly to the public at the initial public offering price
listed on the cover page of this prospectus and part to certain
dealers at a price that represents a concession not in excess of
$
per ADS under the initial public offering price. After the
initial offering of the ADSs, the offering price and other
selling terms may from time to time be varied by the
underwriters.
We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for
30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to
an aggregate
of
additional ADSs at the public offering price set forth on the
cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and
commissions. The underwriters may exercise this option solely
for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, made in
connection with the offering of the ADSs offered by this
prospectus. To the extent the option is exercised, each
underwriter will become obligated, subject to certain
conditions, to purchase about the same percentage of the
additional ADSs as the number listed next to the
underwriter’s name in the preceding table bears to the
total number of ADSs listed in the preceding table. If the
underwriters’ option is exercised in full, the total price
to the public would be
$ ,
the total underwriters’ discounts and commissions would be
$
and the total proceeds to us (before expenses) would be
$ .
The table below shows the per ADS and total underwriting
discounts and commissions that we and the selling shareholders
will pay the underwriters. The underwriting discounts and
commissions are determined by negotiations among us, the selling
shareholders and the representatives and are a percentage of the
offering price to the public. Among the factors to be considered
in determining the discounts and commissions are the size of the
offering, the nature of the security to be offered and the
discounts and commissions charged in comparable transactions.
These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full
exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.
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Underwriting Discounts and
Commissions
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No Exercise
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Full Exercise
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Per ADS
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$
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$
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Total by us
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$
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$
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Total by the selling shareholders
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$
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$
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118
The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend sales
to discretionary accounts to exceed five percent of the total
number of ADSs offered by them.
The total expenses of the offering payable by us, excluding
underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately
$ million.
Expenses include the SEC and the Financial Industry Regulatory
Authority, or FINRA, filing fees, Nasdaq Global Market listing
fees, and printing, legal, accounting and miscellaneous expenses.
We have applied for approval for listing the ADSs on the Nasdaq
Global Market under the symbol “RDA.”
We have agreed that, without the prior written consent of the
representatives on behalf of the underwriters, we will not,
subject to certain exceptions, during the period ending
180 days after the date of this prospectus:
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•
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offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or
contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell,
grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or
otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any
ordinary shares or ADSs or any securities convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for ordinary shares or ADSs;
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•
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enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to
another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences
of ownership of the ordinary shares or ADSs; or
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•
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file any registration statement with the SEC relating to the
offering of any ordinary shares, ADSs or any securities
convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for ordinary
shares or ADSs
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whether any such transaction described above is to be settled by
delivery of ordinary shares, ADSs, or such other securities, in
cash or otherwise.
Each of our directors, executive officers and shareholders has
agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to:
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•
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offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or
contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell,
grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or
otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any
ordinary shares or ADSs or any securities convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for ordinary shares or ADSs, or
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•
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enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to
another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences
of ownership of the ordinary shares or ADSs,
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during the period ending 180 days after the date of this
prospectus without the prior written consent of the
representatives on behalf of the underwriters, whether any such
transaction described above is to be settled by delivery of
ordinary shares, ADSs, or such other securities, in cash or
otherwise.
The foregoing
lock-up
period will be extended under certain circumstances. If
(1) during the last 17 days of the applicable
lock-up
period, we issue an earnings release or material news or a
material event relating to us occurs; or (2) prior to the
expiration of the applicable
lock-up
period, we announce that we will release earnings results during
the 16-day
period beginning on the last day of the applicable
lock-up
period, the
lock-up will
continue to apply until the expiration of the
18-day
period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the
occurrence of the material news or material event.
To facilitate this offering of the ADSs, the underwriters may
engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise
affect the price of the ADSs. Specifically, the underwriters may
sell more ADSs than they are obligated to purchase under the
underwriting agreement, creating a short position. A short sale
is covered if the short position is no greater than the number
of ADSs available for purchase by the underwriters under the
over-allotment option. The underwriters can close out a covered
short sale by exercising the over-allotment option or purchasing
ADSs in the open market. In determining the source of ADSs to
close out a covered short sale, the underwriters will consider,
among other things, the open market price of ADSs compared to
the price available under the over-allotment option. The
underwriters may also sell ADSs in excess of the over-allotment
option, creating a naked short position. The underwriters must
close out any naked short position by purchasing ADSs in the
open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created
if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward
pressure on the price of the ADSs in the open market after
pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in
this offering. In addition, to stabilize the price of the ADSs,
the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, ADSs in the
119
open market. Finally, the underwriting syndicate may reclaim
selling concessions allowed to an underwriter or a dealer for
distributing the ADSs in this offering, if the syndicate
repurchases previously distributed ADSs to cover syndicate short
positions or to stabilize the price of the ADSs. Any of these
activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of the
ADSs above independent market levels. The underwriters are not
required to engage in these activities, and may end any of these
activities at any time.
From time to time, the underwriters may have provided, and may
continue to provide, investment banking and other financial
advisory services to us, our officers or our directors for which
they have received or will receive customary fees and
commissions.
We and the selling shareholders have agreed to indemnify the
underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities
under the Securities Act and liabilities incurred in connection
with the directed share program referred to below. If we or the
selling shareholders are unable to provide this indemnification,
we and the selling shareholders will contribute to payments that
the underwriters may be required to make for these liabilities.
We currently anticipate that we will undertake a directed share
program pursuant to which we will direct the underwriters to
reserve up
to ADSs
for sale at the initial public offering price to certain of our
directors, officers, employees, business associates and related
persons through a directed share program. The number of ADSs
available for sale to the general public in the public offering
will be reduced to the extent these persons purchase any
reserved ADSs. Any ADSs not so purchased will be offered by the
underwriters to the general public on the same basis as the
other ADSs offered hereby.
The address of Morgan Stanley & Co. International plc
is 25 Cabot Square, Canary Wharf, London E14 4QA, United
Kingdom. The address of Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC is
Eleven Madison Avenue, New York, New York
10010-3629.
Electronic
Offer, Sale and Distribution of ADSs
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the
websites maintained by one or more of the underwriters. The
underwriters may agree to allocate a number of ADSs to
underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders.
Internet distributions will be allocated by the representatives
that may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other
allocations. In addition, ADSs may be sold by the underwriters
to securities dealers who resell ADSs to online brokerage
account holders. Other than the prospectus in electronic format,
the information on any underwriter’s or selling group
member’s website and any information contained in any other
website maintained by any underwriter or selling group member is
not part of the prospectus or the registration statement of
which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved
and/or
endorsed by us or any underwriter or selling group member in its
capacity as underwriter or selling group member and should not
be relied upon by investors.
Pricing
of the Offering
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the
ordinary shares or ADSs. The initial public offering price is
determined by negotiations between us and the underwriters.
Among the factors considered in determining the initial public
offering price are our future prospects and those of our
industry in general, our sales, earnings, certain other
financial and operating information in recent periods, the
price-earnings ratios, price-sales ratios and market prices of
securities and certain financial and operating information of
companies engaged in activities similar to ours.
Selling
Restrictions
No action has been taken in any jurisdiction (except in the
United States) that would permit a public offering of the ADSs,
or the possession, circulation or distribution of this
prospectus or any other material relating to us or the ADSs in
any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required.
Accordingly, the ADSs may not be offered or sold, directly or
indirectly, and neither this prospectus nor any other offering
material or advertisements in connection with the ADSs may be
distributed or published, in or from any country or jurisdiction
except in compliance with any applicable rules and regulations
of any such country or jurisdiction.
120
European Economic Area. In relation to each
Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented
the Prospectus Directive, or a Relevant Member State, from and
including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is
implemented in that Relevant Member State, or the Relevant
Implementation Date, an offer of the ADSs to the public may not
be made in that Relevant Member State prior to the publication
of a prospectus in relation to the ADSs which has been approved
by the competent authority in that Relevant Member State or,
where appropriate, approved in another Relevant Member State and
notified to the competent authority in that Relevant Member
State, all in accordance with the Prospectus Directive, except
that an underwriter may, with effect from and including the
Relevant Implementation Date, make an offer of the ADS to the
public in that Relevant Member State at any time,
(a) to legal entities which are authorized or regulated to
operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or
regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in
securities;
(b) to any legal entity which has two or more of
(1) an average of at least 250 employees during the
last financial year; (2) a total balance sheet of more than
€43,000,000 and (3) an annual net turnover of more
than €50,000,000, as shown in its last annual or
consolidated accounts;
(c) to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than
qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus
Directive; or
(d) in any other circumstances which do not require the
publication by the company of a prospectus pursuant to
Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive;
provided that no such offer of ADSs shall result in a
requirement for the publication by the company of a prospectus
pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.
For purposes of the above provision, the expression “an
offer of ADSs to the public” in relation to any ADSs in any
Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by
any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer
and the ADSs to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide
to purchase or subscribe the ADSs, as the same may be varied in
that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus
Directive in that Member State, and the expression
“Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/EC and
includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant
Member State.
United Kingdom. An offer of the ADSs may not
be made to the public in the United Kingdom within the meaning
of Section 102B of the Financial Services and Markets Act
2000, as amended, or the FSMA, except to legal entities which
are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets
or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose
is solely to invest in securities or otherwise in circumstances
which do not require the publication by the company of a
prospectus pursuant to the Prospectus Rules of the Financial
Services Authority, or the FSA.
An invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity
(within the meaning of Section 21 of FSMA) may only be
communicated to persons who have professional experience in
matters relating to investments falling within
Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act
2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 or in circumstances in
which Section 21 of FSMA does not apply to the company.
All applicable provisions of the FSMA must be complied with
relating to anything done by the underwriters in relation to the
ADSs in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.
Switzerland. This prospectus does not
constitute an issue prospectus pursuant to Article 652a or
Article 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations and the ADSs
will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. Therefore, this
prospectus may not comply with the disclosure standards of the
Swiss Code of Obligations
and/or the
listing rules (including any prospectus schemes) of the SIX
Swiss Exchange. Accordingly, the ADSs may not be offered to the
public in or from Switzerland, but only to a selected and
limited circle of investors, which do not subscribe to the ADSs
with a view to distribution.
Australia. This prospectus is not a formal
disclosure document and has not been, nor will be, lodged with
the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. It does
not purport to contain all information that an investor or their
professional advisers would expect to find in a prospectus or
other disclosure document (as defined in the
121
Corporations Act 2001 (Australia)) for the purposes of
Part 6D.2 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Australia) or in a
product disclosure statement for the purposes of Part 7.9
of the Corporations Act 2001 (Australia), in either case, in
relation to the ADSs.
The ADSs are not being offered in Australia to “retail
clients” as defined in sections 761G and 761GA of the
Corporations Act 2001 (Australia). This offering is being made
in Australia solely to “wholesale clients” for the
purposes of section 761G of the Corporations Act 2001
(Australia) and, as such, no prospectus, product disclosure
statement or other disclosure document in relation to the ADSs
has been, or will be, prepared.
This prospectus does not constitute an offer in Australia other
than to wholesale clients. By submitting an application for our
ADSs, you represent and warrant to us that you are a wholesale
client for the purposes of section 761G of the Corporations
Act 2001 (Australia). If any recipient of this prospectus is not
a wholesale client, no offer of, or invitation to apply for, our
ADSs shall be deemed to be made to such recipient and no
applications for our ADSs will be accepted from such recipient.
Any offer to a recipient in Australia, and any agreement arising
from acceptance of such offer, is personal and may only be
accepted by the recipient. In addition, by applying for our ADSs
you undertake to us that, for a period of 12 months from
the date of issue of the ADSs, you will not transfer any
interest in the ADSs to any person in Australia other than to a
wholesale client.
Japan. The underwriters will not offer or sell
any of our ADSs directly or indirectly in Japan or to, or for
the benefit of any Japanese person or to others, for re-offering
or re-sale directly or indirectly in Japan or to any Japanese
person, except, in each case, pursuant to an exemption from the
registration requirements of, and otherwise in compliance with,
the Securities and Exchange Law of Japan and any other
applicable laws and regulations of Japan. For purposes of this
paragraph, “Japanese person” means any person resident
in Japan, including any corporation or other entity organized
under the laws of Japan.
Hong Kong. Our ADSs may not be offered or sold
in Hong Kong, by means of any document, other than (a) to
“professional investors” as defined in the Securities
and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571, Laws of Hong Kong) of Hong Kong
and any rules made under that Ordinance or (b) in other
circumstances which do not result in the document being a
“prospectus” as defined in the Companies Ordinance
(Cap. 32) of Hong Kong or which do not constitute an offer
to the public within the meaning of that Ordinance. No
advertisement, invitation or document relating to our ADSs may
be issued, whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, which is directed
at, or the contents of which are likely to be read by, the
public in Hong Kong (except where permitted under the laws of
Hong Kong) other than with respect to our ADSs which are or are
intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or
only to “professional investors” as defined in the
Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571) or any rules
made under that Ordinance. The contents of this prospectus have
not been reviewed by any regulatory authority in Hong Kong. You
are advised to exercise caution in relation to the offer. If you
are in any doubt about any of the contents of this prospectus,
you should obtain independent professional advice.
Singapore. This prospectus has not been
registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of
Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus and any other document
or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation
for subscription or purchase, of the ADSs may not be circulated
or distributed, nor may the ADSs be offered or sold, or be made
the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase,
whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other
than (i) to an institutional investor under
Section 274 of the Securities and Futures Act,
Chapter 289 of Singapore, or the SFA; (ii) to a
relevant person, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A),
and in accordance with the conditions, specified in
Section 275 of the SFA; or (iii) otherwise pursuant
to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other
applicable provision of the SFA.
Where the ADSs are subscribed or purchased under
Section 275 by a relevant person which is:
(a) a corporation (which is not an accredited investor) the
sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire
share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each
of whom is an accredited investor; or
(b) a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited
investor) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each
beneficiary is an accredited investor,
122
shares, debentures and units of shares and debentures of that
corporation or the beneficiaries’ rights and interest in
that trust shall not be transferable for six months after that
corporation or that trust has acquired the ADSs under
Section 275 except:
(1) to an institutional investor (for corporations, under
Section 274 of the SFA) or to a relevant person defined in
Section 275(2) of the SFA, or to any person pursuant to an
offer that is made on terms that such shares, debentures and
units of shares and debentures of that corporation or such
rights and interest in that trust are acquired at a
consideration of not less than S$200,000 (or its equivalent in a
foreign currency) for each transaction, whether such amount is
to be paid for in cash or by exchange of securities or other
assets, and further for corporations, in accordance with the
conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA;
(2) where no consideration is or will be given for the
transfer; or
(3) where the transfer is by operation of law.
Cayman Islands. This prospectus does not
constitute a public offer of the ADSs or ordinary shares,
whether by way of sale or subscription, in the Cayman Islands.
Each underwriter has represented and agreed that it has not
offered or sold, and will not offer or sell, directly or
indirectly, any ADSs or ordinary shares to any member of the
public in the Cayman Islands.
People’s Republic of China. This
prospectus may not be circulated or distributed in the PRC and
the ADSs may not be offered or sold, and may not be offered or
sold to any person for re-offering or resale, directly or
indirectly, to any resident of the PRC except pursuant to
applicable laws and regulations of the PRC. For the purpose of
this paragraph, PRC does not include Taiwan and the special
administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
Canada. The ADSs may not be offered or sold,
directly or indirectly, in any province or territory of Canada
or to or for the benefit of any resident of any province or
territory of Canada except pursuant to an exemption from the
requirement to file a prospectus in the province or territory of
Canada in which the offer or sale is made and only by a dealer
duly registered under applicable laws in circumstances where an
exemption from applicable registered dealer registration
requirements is not available.
123
EXPENSES
RELATING TO THIS OFFERING
Set forth below is an itemization of the total expenses,
excluding underwriting discounts and commissions, that we and
the selling shareholders expect to incur in connection with this
offering. With the exception of the SEC registration fee, the
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, filing fee
and the Nasdaq Global Market listing fee, all amounts are
estimates.
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SEC Registration Fee
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$
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Nasdaq Global Market Listing Fee
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FINRA Filing Fee
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Printing Expenses
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Legal Fees and Expenses
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Accounting Fees and Expenses
|
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Miscellaneous
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Total
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$
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Expenses will be borne in proportion to the numbers of ADSs sold
in the offering by us and the selling shareholders, respectively.
124
LEGAL
MATTERS
The validity of the ADSs and certain other legal matters with
respect to U.S. federal and New York State law in
connection with this offering will be passed upon for us by
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP. Certain
legal matters with respect to U.S. federal and New York
State law in connection with this offering will be passed upon
for the underwriters by Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP. The
validity of the ordinary shares represented by the ADSs offered
in this offering and other certain legal matters as to Cayman
Islands law will be passed upon for us by Conyers
Dill & Pearman. Legal matters as to PRC law will be
passed upon for us by Jun He Law Offices and for the
underwriters by Commerce & Finance Law Offices.
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP may rely upon
Conyers Dill & Pearman with respect to matters
governed by Cayman Islands law and Jun He Law Offices with
respect to matters governed by PRC law. Davis Polk &
Wardwell LLP may rely upon Commerce & Finance Law
Offices with respect to matters governed by PRC law.
125
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements as of December 31,
2008 and 2009 and for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 2009 included in this prospectus have
been so included in reliance on the report of
PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company, an
independent registered public accounting firm, given on the
authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
The offices of PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited
Company are located at 11/F PricewaterhouseCoopers Center,
202 Hu Bin Road, Shanghai 200021, PRC.
126
WHERE YOU
CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on
Form F-1,
including relevant exhibits, under the Securities Act with
respect to the underlying ordinary shares represented by the
ADSs to be sold in this offering. We have also filed with the
SEC a related registration statement on
Form F-6
to register the ADSs. This prospectus, which constitutes a part
of the registration statement on
Form F-1,
does not contain all of the information contained in the
registration statement. You should read our registration
statements and their exhibits and schedules for further
information with respect to us and our ADSs.
The agreements included as exhibits to the registration
statement on
Form F-1
contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to
the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties
were made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the
applicable agreement and (i) were not intended to be
treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way
of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements
prove to be inaccurate; (ii) may have been qualified in
such agreement by disclosures that were made to the other party
in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement;
(iii) may apply contract standards of
“materiality” that are different from
“materiality” under the applicable securities laws;
and (iv) were made only as of the date of the applicable
agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the
agreement.
We are subject to periodic reporting and other informational
requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign
private issuers. Accordingly, we will be required to file
reports, including annual reports on
Form 20-F,
and other information with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer,
we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing the
furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders, and
Section 16 short swing profit reporting for our officers
and directors and for holders of more than 10% of our ordinary
shares. All information filed with the SEC can be obtained over
the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov or
inspected and copied at the public reference facilities
maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E.,
Washington, D.C. 20549. You can request copies of these
documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the
SEC. Please call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330
or visit the SEC website for further information on the
operation of the public reference rooms.
127
CONVENTIONS
WHICH APPLY TO THIS PROSPECTUS
Unless we indicate otherwise, all information in this prospectus
reflects the following:
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•
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no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase up
to
additional ADSs
representing
ordinary shares from us; and
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•
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conversion of all outstanding Series A, Series B, and
Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares into
157,629,642 ordinary shares immediately prior to the completion
of this offering.
|
Except where the context otherwise requires and for purposes of
this prospectus only:
|
|
|
|
•
|
“we,” “us,” “our company,”
“our,” and “RDA” refer to RDA
Microelectronics, Inc., a Cayman Islands company, and its
consolidated subsidiaries;
|
|
|
•
|
“China” or “PRC” refers to the People’s
Republic of China, excluding, for the purpose of this prospectus
only, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau;
|
|
|
•
|
“shares” or “ordinary shares” refers to our
ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share;
|
|
|
•
|
“ADSs” refers to our American depositary shares, each
of which
represents
ordinary shares, and “ADRs” refers to any American
depositary receipts that evidence our ADSs;
|
|
|
•
|
all references to “RMB” or “Renminbi” refer
to the legal currency of China; and
|
|
|
•
|
all references to “$,” “dollars” or
“U.S. dollars” refer to the legal currency of the
United States.
|
128
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Page
|
|
Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-2
|
|
|
|
|
F-3
|
|
|
|
|
F-4
|
|
|
|
|
F-5
|
|
|
|
|
F-6
|
|
|
|
|
F-7
|
|
F-1
REPORT OF
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of RDA
Microelectronics, Inc.:
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and
the related consolidated statements of operations and
comprehensive income/(loss), convertible redeemable preferred
shares and shareholders’ deficit and cash flows present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of RDA
Microelectronics, Inc. (the “Company”) and its
subsidiaries at December 31, 2008 and 2009, and the results
of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three
years in the period ended December 31, 2009 in conformity
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company’s management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these
statements in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers
Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company
Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China
April 8, 2010, except for Note 17, which is as of
August 20, 2010
F-2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
Note
2(28)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
|
(amounts in thousands of USD, except number of shares and per
share data)
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
13,170
|
|
|
|
24,638
|
|
|
|
21,394
|
|
|
|
21,394
|
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,318
|
|
|
|
11,401
|
|
|
|
11,401
|
|
Restricted cash
|
|
|
350
|
|
|
|
350
|
|
|
|
350
|
|
|
|
350
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
4,894
|
|
|
|
4,603
|
|
|
|
9,053
|
|
|
|
9,053
|
|
Inventories
|
|
|
8,082
|
|
|
|
25,403
|
|
|
|
29,943
|
|
|
|
29,943
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
143
|
|
|
|
1,330
|
|
|
|
1,506
|
|
|
|
1,506
|
|
Deferred tax assets
|
|
|
276
|
|
|
|
87
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
26,915
|
|
|
|
57,729
|
|
|
|
73,681
|
|
|
|
73,681
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property and equipment, net
|
|
|
1,577
|
|
|
|
2,318
|
|
|
|
2,203
|
|
|
|
2,203
|
|
Other long term assets
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
Deferred tax assets
|
|
|
182
|
|
|
|
185
|
|
|
|
216
|
|
|
|
216
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
28,674
|
|
|
|
60,271
|
|
|
|
76,132
|
|
|
|
76,132
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
7,609
|
|
|
|
20,183
|
|
|
|
19,499
|
|
|
|
19,499
|
|
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
|
|
|
3,743
|
|
|
|
7,689
|
|
|
|
8,387
|
|
|
|
8,387
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
2,624
|
|
|
|
5,419
|
|
|
|
7,752
|
|
|
|
7,752
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
13,976
|
|
|
|
33,291
|
|
|
|
35,638
|
|
|
|
35,638
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
13,976
|
|
|
|
33,291
|
|
|
|
35,638
|
|
|
|
35,638
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED SHARES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A Preferred Shares, USD0.01 par value;
142,500,000 shares authorized, 94,648,784 shares
issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2008 and 2009,
and June 30, 2010; none (unaudited) outstanding on a pro
forma basis as of June 30, 2010 (Liquidation value: 13,255,
14,049 and 14,446 as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and
June 30, 2010)
|
|
|
12,880
|
|
|
|
12,880
|
|
|
|
12,880
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Series B Preferred Shares, USD0.01 par value;
35,000,000 shares authorized, 32,972,304 shares issued
and outstanding as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and
June 30, 2010; none (unaudited) outstanding on a pro forma
basis as of June 30, 2010 (Liquidation value: 6,355, 6,791
and 7,009 as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and
June 30, 2010)
|
|
|
6,281
|
|
|
|
6,281
|
|
|
|
6,281
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Series C Preferred Shares, USD0.01 par value;
31,000,000 shares authorized, 30,008,554 shares issued
and outstanding as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and
June 30, 2010; none (unaudited) outstanding on a pro forma
basis as of June 30, 2010 (Liquidation value: 11,533,
12,333 and 12,733 as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and
June 30, 2010)
|
|
|
11,157
|
|
|
|
11,157
|
|
|
|
11,157
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY/(DEFICIT)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary shares, (USD0.01 par value;
261,500,000 shares authorized, 37,434,517 shares
issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2008,
50,333,579 shares issued and outstanding as of
December 31, 2009, and 52,284,221 shares issued and
outstanding as of June 30, 2010; 209,913,863 (unaudited)
shares outstanding on a pro forma basis as of June 30, 2010)
|
|
|
374
|
|
|
|
503
|
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
|
2,099
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
2,582
|
|
|
|
5,090
|
|
|
|
9,720
|
|
|
|
38,462
|
|
Recourse loans
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,667
|
)
|
|
|
(1,214
|
)
|
|
|
(1,214
|
)
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
|
466
|
|
|
|
472
|
|
|
|
510
|
|
|
|
510
|
|
Retained earnings/(Accumulated deficit)
|
|
|
(19,042
|
)
|
|
|
(7,736
|
)
|
|
|
637
|
|
|
|
637
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders’ equity/(deficit)
|
|
|
(15,620
|
)
|
|
|
(3,338
|
)
|
|
|
10,176
|
|
|
|
40,494
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities, convertible redeemable preferred shares
and shareholders’ equity/(deficit)
|
|
|
28,674
|
|
|
|
60,271
|
|
|
|
76,132
|
|
|
|
76,132
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated
financial statements.
F-3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six Months
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
|
(amounts in thousands of USD, except number of shares and
|
|
|
|
per share data)
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
|
13,664
|
|
|
|
55,500
|
|
|
|
118,373
|
|
|
|
45,883
|
|
|
|
76,191
|
|
Cost of revenue
|
|
|
(8,819
|
)
|
|
|
(37,555
|
)
|
|
|
(87,410
|
)
|
|
|
(33,730
|
)
|
|
|
(55,286
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
4,845
|
|
|
|
17,945
|
|
|
|
30,963
|
|
|
|
12,153
|
|
|
|
20,905
|
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
(7,071
|
)
|
|
|
(13,198
|
)
|
|
|
(14,475
|
)
|
|
|
(7,015
|
)
|
|
|
(8,259
|
)
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
(2,108
|
)
|
|
|
(4,518
|
)
|
|
|
(4,649
|
)
|
|
|
(1,947
|
)
|
|
|
(3,014
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(9,179
|
)
|
|
|
(17,716
|
)
|
|
|
(19,124
|
)
|
|
|
(8,962
|
)
|
|
|
(11,273
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) from operations
|
|
|
(4,334
|
)
|
|
|
229
|
|
|
|
11,839
|
|
|
|
3,191
|
|
|
|
9,632
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
244
|
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
57
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
71
|
|
Other income/(expenses), net
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
(69
|
)
|
|
|
(213
|
)
|
|
|
(150
|
)
|
|
|
(57
|
)
|
Investment loss
|
|
|
(316
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) before income tax expense
|
|
|
(4,346
|
)
|
|
|
203
|
|
|
|
11,683
|
|
|
|
3,055
|
|
|
|
9,646
|
|
Income tax benefit/(expense)
|
|
|
(155
|
)
|
|
|
454
|
|
|
|
(377
|
)
|
|
|
(76
|
)
|
|
|
(1,273
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss)
|
|
|
(4,501
|
)
|
|
|
657
|
|
|
|
11,306
|
|
|
|
2,979
|
|
|
|
8,373
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accretion/cumulative dividends for Series A Preferred Shares
|
|
|
(253
|
)
|
|
|
(971
|
)
|
|
|
(794
|
)
|
|
|
(397
|
)
|
|
|
(397
|
)
|
Accretion/cumulative dividends for Series B Preferred Shares
|
|
|
(392
|
)
|
|
|
(435
|
)
|
|
|
(436
|
)
|
|
|
(218
|
)
|
|
|
(218
|
)
|
Accretion/cumulative dividends for Series C Preferred Shares
|
|
|
(703
|
)
|
|
|
(773
|
)
|
|
|
(800
|
)
|
|
|
(400
|
)
|
|
|
(400
|
)
|
Amount allocated to participating preferred shareholders
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(7,449
|
)
|
|
|
(1,588
|
)
|
|
|
(5,547
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders
|
|
|
(5,849
|
)
|
|
|
(1,522
|
)
|
|
|
1,827
|
|
|
|
376
|
|
|
|
1,811
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings/(losses) per ordinary share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
(0.16
|
)
|
|
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
|
0.05
|
|
|
|
0.01
|
|
|
|
0.04
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
(0.16
|
)
|
|
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
|
|
0.01
|
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
Weighted average ordinary shares used in per share calculation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
38,671,413
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
51,471,454
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
58,901,016
|
|
|
|
48,964,267
|
|
|
|
66,043,660
|
|
Other comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss)
|
|
|
(4,501
|
)
|
|
|
657
|
|
|
|
11,306
|
|
|
|
2,979
|
|
|
|
8,373
|
|
Cumulative translation adjustments
|
|
|
107
|
|
|
|
373
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income/(loss)
|
|
|
(4,394
|
)
|
|
|
1,030
|
|
|
|
11,312
|
|
|
|
2,981
|
|
|
|
8,411
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share-based compensation was allocated in operating expenses as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,739
|
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
|
252
|
|
|
|
286
|
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
999
|
|
|
|
310
|
|
|
|
139
|
|
|
|
164
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated
financial statements.
F-4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ Equity/(Deficit)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
Retained
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Earnings/
|
|
|
Shareholders’
|
|
|
|
Convertible Redeemable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paid-in
|
|
|
Recourse
|
|
|
Comprehensive
|
|
|
(Accumulated
|
|
|
Equity/
|
|
|
|
Preferred Shares
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Shares
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
Loans
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Deficit)
|
|
|
(Deficit)
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Par Value
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
amounts in thousands of USD except number of shares
|
|
Balance as of January 1, 2007
|
|
|
127,621,088
|
|
|
|
17,215
|
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
374
|
|
|
|
1,947
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(14
|
)
|
|
|
(15,198
|
)
|
|
|
(12,891
|
)
|
Net loss for the year
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(4,501
|
)
|
|
|
(4,501
|
)
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
107
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
107
|
|
Issuance of Series C Preferred Shares
|
|
|
30,008,554
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Accretion to redemption value of Preferred Share
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,348
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,348
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,348
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2007
|
|
|
157,629,642
|
|
|
|
28,563
|
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
374
|
|
|
|
599
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
93
|
|
|
|
(19,699
|
)
|
|
|
(18,633
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of January 1, 2008
|
|
|
157,629,642
|
|
|
|
28,563
|
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
374
|
|
|
|
599
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
93
|
|
|
|
(19,699
|
)
|
|
|
(18,633
|
)
|
Net income for the year
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
657
|
|
|
|
657
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
373
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
373
|
|
Accretion to redemption value of Preferred Shares through date
of elimination of certain redemption feature
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,010
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(2,010
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(2,010
|
)
|
Reduction in carrying value of Series B and Series C
Preferred Shares resulting from modification of redemption
feature
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(255
|
)
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
255
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
255
|
|
Share-based compensation
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3,738
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3,738
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2008
|
|
|
157,629,642
|
|
|
|
30,318
|
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
374
|
|
|
|
2,582
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
466
|
|
|
|
(19,042
|
)
|
|
|
(15,620
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of January 1, 2009
|
|
|
157,629,642
|
|
|
|
30,318
|
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
374
|
|
|
|
2,582
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
466
|
|
|
|
(19,042
|
)
|
|
|
(15,620
|
)
|
Net income for the year
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
11,306
|
|
|
|
11,306
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
Issuance of ordinary shares in connection with stock option
exercises
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
12,899,062
|
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
|
1,666
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,795
|
|
Recourse loans issued to employees for stock option exercises
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,667
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,667
|
)
|
Share-based compensation
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
842
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
842
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2009
|
|
|
157,629,642
|
|
|
|
30,318
|
|
|
|
|
50,333,579
|
|
|
|
503
|
|
|
|
5,090
|
|
|
|
(1,667
|
)
|
|
|
472
|
|
|
|
(7,736
|
)
|
|
|
(3,338
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of January 1, 2010
|
|
|
157,629,642
|
|
|
|
30,318
|
|
|
|
|
50,333,579
|
|
|
|
503
|
|
|
|
5,090
|
|
|
|
(1,667
|
)
|
|
|
472
|
|
|
|
(7,736
|
)
|
|
|
(3,338
|
)
|
Net income for the period
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
8,373
|
|
|
|
8,373
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
Accrual of interest of recourse loans
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(27
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(27
|
)
|
Repayment of Recourse Loans
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
480
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
480
|
|
Issuance of ordinary shares to an investor
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
1,950,642
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
4,180
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4,200
|
|
Share-based compensation
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
450
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
450
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of June 30, 2010
|
|
|
157,629,642
|
|
|
|
30,318
|
|
|
|
|
52,284,221
|
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
|
9,720
|
|
|
|
(1,214
|
)
|
|
|
510
|
|
|
|
637
|
|
|
|
10,176
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated
financial statements.
F-5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31
|
|
|
Ended June 30
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
|
amounts in thousands of USD
|
|
|
Cash flow from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss)
|
|
|
(4,501
|
)
|
|
|
657
|
|
|
|
11,306
|
|
|
|
2,979
|
|
|
|
8,373
|
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash provided
by (used in) operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
413
|
|
|
|
548
|
|
|
|
571
|
|
|
|
266
|
|
|
|
375
|
|
Loss on disposal of property, equipment
|
|
|
145
|
|
|
|
137
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
Allowance for doubtful accounts
|
|
|
(17
|
)
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Inventory write-down
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
575
|
|
|
|
2,910
|
|
|
|
1,057
|
|
|
|
1,403
|
|
Share-based compensation
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3,738
|
|
|
|
842
|
|
|
|
391
|
|
|
|
450
|
|
Deferred income taxes
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(458
|
)
|
|
|
186
|
|
|
|
148
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
Interest income from recourse loans
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(6
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(27
|
)
|
Investment loss
|
|
|
316
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
(3,014
|
)
|
|
|
(1,682
|
)
|
|
|
291
|
|
|
|
(392
|
)
|
|
|
(4,450
|
)
|
Inventories
|
|
|
(2,324
|
)
|
|
|
(4,631
|
)
|
|
|
(20,232
|
)
|
|
|
(4,687
|
)
|
|
|
(5,943
|
)
|
Prepaid expenses, other current and long term assets
|
|
|
(169
|
)
|
|
|
341
|
|
|
|
(1,226
|
)
|
|
|
(291
|
)
|
|
|
(169
|
)
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
2,255
|
|
|
|
5,286
|
|
|
|
12,574
|
|
|
|
5,879
|
|
|
|
(684
|
)
|
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
|
|
|
1,525
|
|
|
|
1,177
|
|
|
|
3,946
|
|
|
|
(638
|
)
|
|
|
698
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
2,339
|
|
|
|
285
|
|
|
|
2,795
|
|
|
|
902
|
|
|
|
2,333
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
|
|
|
(3,032
|
)
|
|
|
5,968
|
|
|
|
13,961
|
|
|
|
5,615
|
|
|
|
2,383
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales of short-term investments
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
732
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,321
|
|
Purchase of short-term investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,050
|
)
|
|
|
(732
|
)
|
|
|
(11,367
|
)
|
Purchase of property and equipment
|
|
|
(898
|
)
|
|
|
(695
|
)
|
|
|
(1,316
|
)
|
|
|
(306
|
)
|
|
|
(250
|
)
|
Changes in restricted cash
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(350
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(898
|
)
|
|
|
(1,045
|
)
|
|
|
(2,634
|
)
|
|
|
(1,038
|
)
|
|
|
(10,296
|
)
|
Cash flow from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from repayment of recourse loans
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
133
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
480
|
|
Net proceeds from issuance of Series C convertible
redeemable preferred shares
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares
|
|
|
445
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4,200
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
10,445
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
133
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4,680
|
|
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash
equivalents
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
229
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
(11
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
6,534
|
|
|
|
5,152
|
|
|
|
11,468
|
|
|
|
4,579
|
|
|
|
(3,244
|
)
|
Cash and cash equivalents — beginning of period
|
|
|
1,484
|
|
|
|
8,018
|
|
|
|
13,170
|
|
|
|
13,170
|
|
|
|
24,638
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents — end of period
|
|
|
8,018
|
|
|
|
13,170
|
|
|
|
24,638
|
|
|
|
17,749
|
|
|
|
21,394
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing
activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of recourse loans in connection with stock option
exercise
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,795
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated
financial statements.
F-6
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED)
(Amounts expressed in thousands of USD, except number of
shares and per share data)
|
|
1.
|
Description
of Business
|
RDA Microelectronics, Inc. is a holding company incorporated in
the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) on January 8,
2004. In July 2008, it changed its name to RDA Microelectronics
(BVI), Inc (“RDA Micro BVI”).
RDA Microelectronics, Inc. (the “Company”) was
established in Cayman Islands (“Cayman”) on
May 26, 2008. On August 12, 2008, all of the then
existing preferred and ordinary shareholders of RDA Micro BVI
exchanged their respective shares of RDA Micro BVI for an
equivalent number of shares of the Company at equivalent
classes. As a result, RDA Micro BVI became a wholly-owned
subsidiary of the Company on August 12, 2008. The rights of
the preferred and ordinary shares issued by the Company are the
same as those originally issued by RDA Micro BVI. The
accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect
reorganization in August 2008 and have been prepared as if the
current corporate structure had been in existence throughout all
relevant periods.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the
financial statements of the Company and its following
wholly-owned subsidiaries:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Subsidiaries
|
|
Place of
Incorporation
|
|
Date of Incorporation
|
|
Principal Activities
|
|
RDA Micro BVI
|
|
BVI
|
|
January 8, 2004
|
|
Investment in other subsidiaries
|
RDA International, Inc. (“RDA International”)
|
|
BVI
|
|
September 30, 2005
|
|
Dormant since January 1, 2010 (Purchase of materials and
holding of intellectual properties (“IP”) prior to
December 31, 2009)
|
RDA Technologies, Inc. (“RDA US”)
|
|
United States of America (“US”)
|
|
September 24, 2004
|
|
Dormant (closed in 2009)
|
RDA Technologies Limited (“RDA Tech”)
|
|
Hong Kong
|
|
November 14, 2007
|
|
Purchase of materials and holding of intellectual properties
(“IP”) since January 1, 2010; and sales of products
|
RDA Microelectronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (“RDA
Shanghai”)
|
|
Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”)
|
|
April 13, 2004
|
|
Research and development
|
RDA Microelectronics (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“RDA
Beijing”)
|
|
Beijing, PRC
|
|
December 20, 2005
|
|
Research and development
|
F-7
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
The principal activities of the Company are to design, develop
and market Radio-Frequency and Mixed-Signal System on Chip
Integrated Circuits for the cellular, broadcast and connectivity
markets.
|
|
2.
|
Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies
|
|
|
(1)
|
Basis
of Presentation
|
The consolidated financial statements of the Company are
prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).
|
|
(2)
|
Principles
of Consolidation
|
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of
the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant inter-company
transactions and balances have been eliminated upon
consolidation.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US
GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue
and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could
differ materially from such estimates.
|
|
(4)
|
Fair
Value of Financial Instruments
|
On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted FASB Accounting
Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value
Measurements and Disclosures, for financial assets and
liabilities. On January 1, 2009, the Company also adopted
the statement for all non-financial assets and non-financial
liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at
fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis.
FASB ASC 820 clarifies that fair value is an exit price,
representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset
or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants. As such, fair value is a
market-based measurement that should be determined based on
assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an
asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions
the guidance establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which
prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
(Level 1) observable inputs such as quoted prices in
active markets; (Level 2) inputs other than the quoted
prices in active markets that are observable either directly or
indirectly, or quoted prices in less active markets; and
(Level 3) unobservable inputs with respect to which
there is little or no market data, which require the Company to
develop its own assumptions. This hierarchy requires the Company
to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize
the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. On a
recurring basis, the Company measures certain financial assets
at fair value. The adoption did not have a material impact on
the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of
cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, restricted
cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and certain accrued
expenses. Short-term investments are limited to time deposits
with original maturities longer than three months and less than
one year. As of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and
June 30, 2010, the respective carrying values of financial
instruments approximated their fair values based on their
short-term maturities.
F-8
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
Financial assets measured and recognized at fair value on a
recurring basis and classified under the appropriate level of
the fair value hierarchy as described above was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Level 1
|
|
Level 2
|
|
Level 3
|
|
Total
|
|
As of December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash equivalents
|
|
|
2,914
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,914
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Level 1
|
|
|
Level 2
|
|
|
Level 3
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash equivalents
|
|
|
4,335
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4,335
|
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
1,318
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,318
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
5,653
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
5,653
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Level 1
|
|
|
Level 2
|
|
|
Level 3
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of June 30, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash equivalents
|
|
|
1,179
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,179
|
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
11,401
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
11,401
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
12,580
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
12,580
|
|
|
|
(5)
|
Cash
and Cash Equivalents
|
Cash and cash equivalents are cash on demand and time deposits
with original maturities of three months or less.
|
|
(6)
|
Short-term
Investments
|
Short-term investments are time deposits with original
maturities longer than three months and less than one year.
Restricted cash are deposits designated as collateral for the
short-term irrevocable standby letters of credit.
|
|
(8)
|
Concentration
of Credit Risks
|
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to
significant concentration of credit risk consist primarily of
cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, restricted
cash and accounts receivable.
As of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and June 30, 2010,
substantially all of the Company’s cash and cash
equivalents and time deposits were held by reputable financial
institutions in the jurisdictions where the Company and its
subsidiaries are located. The Company believes that it is not
exposed to unusual risks as these financial institutions have
high credit quality. The Company has not experienced any losses
on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents, short-term
investments and restricted cash.
F-9
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
The following table summarizes the percentage of the
Company’s revenue and accounts receivable represented by
distributors with balances over 10% of total revenue for the
years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, and the six
months ended June 30, 2009 and 2010, and over 10% of
accounts receivable as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and
June 30, 2010 , respectively:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
Months Ended June 30,
|
|
Revenue
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
Company A
|
|
|
20
|
%
|
|
|
44
|
%
|
|
|
58
|
%
|
|
|
57
|
%
|
|
|
57
|
%
|
Company B
|
|
|
41
|
%
|
|
|
34
|
%
|
|
|
19
|
%
|
|
|
21
|
%
|
|
|
16
|
%
|
Company C
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
15
|
%
|
|
|
14
|
%
|
|
|
17
|
%
|
Company D
|
|
|
16
|
%
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Company E
|
|
|
11
|
%
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
June 30,
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
2008
|
|
2009
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
Company A
|
|
|
77
|
%
|
|
|
42
|
%
|
|
|
50
|
%
|
Company C
|
|
|
13
|
%
|
|
|
47
|
%
|
|
|
35
|
%
|
The Company establishes credit limits for each distributor and
reviews such limits prior to product shipment. The Company
believes that its distributors have high credit quality. As a
result, it is not exposed to unusual risk and generally does not
require collateral from the distributors.
|
|
(9)
|
Allowance
for Doubtful Accounts
|
Accounts receivables are initially recorded at the invoiced
amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful
accounts is based on the Company’s assessment of the
collectability of customer accounts. The Company regularly
reviews the allowance by considering factors such as historical
experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable
balances, and economic conditions that may affect a
customer’s ability to pay. The Company did not record any
allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2008 and
2009, and June 30, 2010 (unaudited). For the periods
presented, the Company did not write off any accounts receivable.
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (weighted average)
or market. Cost comprises of direct material and shipping and
handling, and overhead incurred to bring the inventories to
their present location and condition. Due to its master
agreements with distributors allowing for price protection and
product return, the Company’s inventory balance includes
products at cost held by distributors that have not been sold
through to customers, even though the distributors hold legal
title to such products. The Company performs impairment testing
based on the following assessment for inventories held at the
Company’s premises and held by distributors. Inventory
write-downs are provided for obsolete and excess inventory based
on management’s forecasts of demand over specific future
time horizons, and for the excess of the carrying value over
their estimated market value less costs to dispose which relies
F-10
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
on forecasts of average selling prices in future periods. If
economic, competitive or other factors cause market conditions
to be less favorable than those projected by management,
additional inventory write-downs may be required and they could
have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future
results of operations. In addition, the Company records a
liability for firm, noncancelable, and unconditional purchase
commitments with suppliers for quantities in excess of the
Company’s future demand forecasts consistent with its
valuation of excess and obsolete inventory.
|
|
(11)
|
Property
and Equipment
|
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated
depreciation and amortization, which are computed using the
straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
|
|
|
Equipment and office furniture
|
|
3-5 years
|
Motor vehicles
|
|
5 years
|
Software
|
|
5 years
|
Leasehold improvements
|
|
Shorter of remaining lease term or estimated useful lives
|
Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Upon
retirement or other disposition of property and equipment, the
cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are
removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in
operations.
The Company applies the FASB ASC 323, Investments, in
accounting for the investments. Under FASB ASC 323, equity
method is used for investments in entities in which the Company
has the ability to exercise significant influence but does not
own a majority equity interest or otherwise controls. Cost
method is used for investments over which the Company does not
have the ability to exercise significant influence. As of
December 31, 2008 and 2009, and June 30, 2010, the
Company did not have any such investments, other than those
described under short-term investments above.
The Company continually reviews its investments in subsidiaries
to determine whether a decline in fair value below the carrying
value is other than temporary. The primary factors the Company
considers in its determination are the length of time that the
fair value of the investment is below the Company’s
carrying value and the financial condition, operating
performance and near term prospects of the investee. In
addition, the Company considers the reason for the decline in
fair value, including general market conditions, industry
specific or investee specific reasons, changes in valuation
subsequent to the balance sheet date and the Company’s
intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time
sufficient to allow for a recovery in fair value. If the decline
in fair value is deemed to be other than temporary, the carrying
value of the security is written down to fair value. No
impairment losses were recorded for the years ended
December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, and the six months ended
June 30, 2009 (unaudited) and 2010 (unaudited).
|
|
(13)
|
Impairment
of Long-lived Assets
|
The Company applies FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and
Equipment. In accordance with these standards, the Company
reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an
asset may no longer be recoverable. When these events occur, the
Company measures impairment by comparing the carrying value of
the long-lived assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash
flows expected to receive from use of the assets and their
eventual disposition. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted
future cash flow is less than the carrying amount of the assets,
the Company recognizes an impairment
F-11
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
loss equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair
value of the assets. No impairment of long-lived assets was
recorded for the periods presented.
In accordance with FASB ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, the
Company recognizes revenue when the following criteria are met:
persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the sales price is
fixed or determinable, delivery has occurred and collectability
is reasonably assured.
The Company sells the majority of its products through
distributors under arrangements allowing for price protection
and product return. If the Company decreases the price of any
products, a distributor will receive a credit to adjust the
inventory held by the distributor to the new decreased price. In
addition, if the price to the customer was lower than the price
paid to the Company by the distributor, the distributor will
receive a credit for the difference. The master agreements with
distributors do not restrict the amount or time period of price
protection on unsold products. The Company may be required to
grant price discounts below the cost of a product if the market
price for such product declines significantly. Through
December 31, 2009 and June 30, 2010, the Company has
not experienced such a price decline that would reduce selling
price below cost. The amount or time period of return rights
vary by distributor, but generally, distributors have the right
to return unsold products. Due to rapid changes in technology,
consumer preferences and prices, the Company cannot reliably
estimate their returns or price adjustments. Accordingly, the
Company does not recognize revenue until the products are sold
to the customers by the distributors and the above criteria are
met. The related products held by distributors are included in
the Company’s inventory balance at cost. The Company
records product shipping costs in cost of sales.
The Company also sells its products directly to customers and
recognizes revenue when all of the above criteria are met.
For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, and
the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2010, 80%, 97%, 98%,
99% (unaudited) and 96% (unaudited) of the total revenue are
from sales through distributors.
The Company does not accept product returns from customers
except for returns subject to warranty. The Company accrues for
warranty costs based on its historical experience with customers.
Deferred revenue includes the revenue relating to the
Company’s products held by the distributors, which will be
recognized when the distributors sell these products to
customers.
|
|
(16)
|
Government
Subsidies
|
Government subsidies related to expense items are originally
recorded as liabilities when received and then are recognized as
a reduction to expenses in the period when the Company has
reasonable assurance that it complies with the conditions
attached to the subsidies. This is typically after the Company
passes an inspection. If the subsidy does not carry any
conditions, the Company records the amount as a reduction of
research and development expense in the period the cash is
received. Government subsidies related to depreciable assets are
recorded as a reduction to the carrying value of the related
assets. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and
2009, and the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2010, the
Company recorded nil, USD263, USD303, USD69 (unaudited) and nil
(unaudited) government grant as a deduction to expense. As of
December 31, 2008 and 2009, and June 30, 2010, the
Company records a deferred liability for cash subsidy received
from the PRC government of approximately USD69, USD293 and
USD1,571 (unaudited), because the government had not commenced
its inspection of the research and development projects
qualified for these subsidies at the end of the respective
periods.
F-12
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
|
|
(17)
|
Research
and Development Costs and Software Development
Costs
|
The Company’s research and development cost, which mainly
includes salaries, material costs, license fees paid to third
parties for developed technologies and specific equipment
depreciation, are expensed as incurred.
The Company accounts for internally generated software
development costs in accordance with FASB ASC 350, Intangibles.
Capitalization of eligible software development costs begins
upon the establishment of technological feasibility of the
product and ends when the product is available for internal use.
To date, the period between achieving technological feasibility,
which the Company has defined as establishment of a working
model and typically occurs when beta testing commences, and the
general availability of such software is generally very short.
The software development costs qualified for capitalization have
been insignificant. Accordingly, the Company has not capitalized
any internally generated software development costs.
The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred.
Advertising costs were not material for any of the periods
presented.
Leases where substantially all the rewards and risks of
ownership of assets remain with the leasing company are
accounted for as operating leases. Payments net of incentives
from the leasing company are expensed on a straight-line basis
over the lease periods.
|
|
(20)
|
Share-Based
Compensation
|
The Company accounts for the stock option granted to employees
under provisions of FASB ASC 718, Stock Compensation, which
requires all grants of stock options to be recognized in the
financial statements based on their grant date fair values. The
valuation provisions of FASB ASC 718 apply to new awards,
to awards granted to employees before the adoption of FASB
ASC 718 whose related requisite services had not been
provided, and to awards which were subsequently modified or
cancelled.
The Company recognizes compensation expense on share-based
awards with only a service condition on a straight-line basis
over the requisite service period and for share-based awards
with both service and performance conditions on a graded-vesting
basis. Forfeiture rate is estimated based on historical
forfeiture patterns and adjusted to reflect future change in
circumstances and facts, if any.
The Company accounts for the grant to the nonemployees under the
provision of FASB
ASC 505-50,
Equity- Based Payments to nonemployees in the statements of
operations. The options granted to the nonemployees are
recognized in the financial statements at fair value on the date
when the consultant’s performance is complete. The Company
recognizes such compensation expense in operating expenses once
they are vested.
The Company adopted FASB ASC 740, Income Tax, according to
which income taxes are accounted for under the asset and
liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are
recognized for the tax consequences attributable to differences
between carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities in
financial statement and their respective tax basis, and
operating loss carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and
liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to
apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary
differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company
classifies the deferred tax assets which are expected to be
realized over one year in
F-13
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
noncurrent assets. Generally accepted accounting principles
require that the realizability of net deferred tax assets be
evaluated on an ongoing basis. A valuation allowance is recorded
to reduce the net deferred tax assets to an amount that is more
likely than not to be realized. Accordingly, the Company
considers various tax planning strategies, forecasts of future
taxable income and its most recent operating results in
assessing the need for a valuation allowance. The effect on
deferred tax assets and liabilities arising from change in tax
rates is recognized in statements of operations in the period of
such change. A valuation allowance is recorded where it is more
likely than not that the loss carry-forwards and deferred tax
assets will not be realized.
FASB ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in
income taxes recognized in the financial statements and
prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute
for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax
position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For
those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be
more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by tax
authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest
amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of
being realized upon ultimate settlement, but it prohibits any
discounting of any of the related tax effects for the time value
of money. FASB ASC 740 also mandates expanded financial
statement disclosure about uncertainty in income tax reporting
positions.
The Company implemented the provision related to uncertain tax
benefits under FASB ASC 740 as of January 1, 2007 and
the adoption of FASB ASC 740 had no impact on the
Company’s results of operations and shareholders’
equity. The Company has elected to classify interest and
penalties related to an uncertain tax position, if any and when
required, as other expenses.
|
|
(22)
|
Comprehensive
Income
|
Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of a
company during the period from transactions and other events and
circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments
from owners and distributions to owners. Accumulated other
comprehensive income, as presented on the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets, consists of cumulative adjustment
from foreign currency translation.
|
|
(23)
|
PRC
Statutory Reserves
|
The Company’s PRC subsidiaries are required to allocate at
least 10% of their after-tax profit to the general reserve in
accordance with the PRC accounting standards and regulations
until the general reserve has reached 50% of the registered
capital of each company. Appropriations to the enterprise
expansion fund, staff welfare and bonus fund are at the
discretion of the board of directors of the subsidiaries. These
reserves can only be used for specific purposes and are not
transferable to the Company in the form of loans, advances, or
cash dividends. As of December 31, 2009, the Company has
not appropriated any statutory reserves because there was an
accumulated deficit.
Dividends are recognized when declared. PRC regulations
currently permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated
profits as determined by PRC accounting standards and
regulations. The Company’s PRC subsidiaries can only
distribute dividends after they have met the PRC requirements
for appropriation to statutory reserves as described in
Note 2(23).
F-14
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
Based on the criteria established by FASB ASC 280 Segment
Reporting, the Company currently operates and manages its
business as a single operating segment. The Company primarily
generates its revenues all from distributors located in Hong
Kong. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009,
and the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2010, 20%, 3%,
2%, 1% (unaudited) and 4% (unaudited) of the total revenue,
respectively, are from direct sales to customers that are
located in the PRC. One customer of the Company is located
outside the PRC and Hong Kong, which had less than 1% of total
sales for all periods presented. In addition, all of the
Company’s long-lived assets are located in the PRC. The
Company does not present enterprise-wide product disclosures
because its products are essentially the same.
In accordance with FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, basic
earnings per share is computed by dividing net income
attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average
number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period using
the two-class method. Under the two-class method, net income is
allocated between ordinary shares and other participating
securities based on their participation rights. Net losses are
not allocated to other participating securities if based on
their participation rights they are not obligated to fund
losses. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net
income attributable to ordinary shareholders, as adjusted for
the effect of dilutive ordinary equivalent shares, if any, by
the weighted average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary
equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Ordinary
equivalent shares consist of ordinary shares issuable upon the
conversion of the convertible preferred shares using the
if-converted method and ordinary shares issuable upon the
exercise of outstanding stock options using the treasury stock
method. Ordinary equivalent shares are not included in the
denominator of the diluted earnings per share calculation when
inclusion of such stocks would be anti-dilutive.
|
|
(27)
|
Unaudited
Interim Financial Information
|
The financial information as of June 30, 2010 and for six
months periods ended June 30, 2009 and 2010 is unaudited
and has been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial
statements. In the opinion of management, such unaudited
financial information contains all adjustments, consisting of
only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair
statement of the financial position, results of operations and
cash flows of such periods. The results of operations for the
six months ended June 30, 2010 are not necessarily
indicative of results to be expected for the full year.
|
|
(28)
|
Unaudited
Pro Forma Information
|
The pro forma balance sheet information as of June 30, 2010
(unaudited) assumes a 1 for 1 conversion upon
completion of the initial public offering of all convertible
redeemable preferred shares outstanding as of June 30, 2010
into ordinary shares.
|
|
(29)
|
Foreign
Currency Translation and Foreign Currency Risk
|
The functional currency of the Company, RDA Micro (BVI), RDA US,
RDA International and RDA Tech is the United States dollar
(“USD”). The functional currency of Company’s
subsidiaries in the PRC, RDA Shanghai and RDA Beijing, is the
Renminbi (“RMB”). Monetary assets and liabilities
denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are
translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchange
in effect at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies
other than the functional currency during the reporting period
are converted into the functional currency at the applicable
rates of exchange prevailing on the day transactions occurred.
F-15
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the consolidated
statement of operations.
The Company has chosen the USD as the reporting currency. Assets
and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates at the
balance sheet date, equity accounts are translated at historical
exchange rates, and revenues, expenses, gains, and losses are
translated using the average exchange rate for the year.
Translation gains and losses are accounted for as foreign
currency translation adjustment which is a component of
shareholders’ equity/(deficit).
The RMB is not a freely convertible currency. The PRC State
Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the
PRC government, controls the conversion of RMB into foreign
currencies. The value of the RMB is subject to changes in
central government policies and to international economic and
political developments affecting supply and demand in the China
foreign exchange trading system market. The Company’s cash
and cash equivalents, restricted cash and time deposit
denominated in RMB amounted to USD2,895, USD5,032 and USD12,365
(unaudited) as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and
June 30, 2010, respectively.
|
|
(30)
|
Recently
Issued Accounting Standards
|
In December 2007, the FASB issued revised guidance on accounting
for business combinations and non-controlling interests. The
guidance changes the accounting for and reporting of business
combination transactions and noncontrolling interests in
consolidated financial statements. It requires changes in
classification and presentation of minority interests in the
consolidated balance sheets, statements of income, and
statements of stockholders equity. The revised guidance was
effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2009. The
adoption of the guidance did not have a material impact on the
consolidated financial statements.
In March 2008, the FASB issued revised guidance to expand
disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging
activities. The guidance provides greater transparency about
(i) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments,
(ii) how derivative instruments and related hedge items are
accounted, and (iii) how derivative instruments and related
hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, results
of operations and cash flows. To meet those objectives, the
guidance requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and
strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about
fair value amounts of gains and losses on derivative instruments
and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in
derivative agreements. The guidance was effective for the
Company beginning on January 1, 2009 and did not have a
material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In April 2009, the FASB issued guidance on Recognition and
Presentation of
Other-Than-Temporary
Impairments. This guidance amends the
other-than-temporary
impairment guidance in U.S. GAAP for debt securities to
make the guidance more operational and to improve the
presentation and disclosure of other than-temporary impairments
on debt and equity securities in the financial statements. This
guidance does not amend existing recognition and measurement
guidance related to
other-than-temporary
impairments of equity securities. This guidance was effective no
later than periods ending after June 15, 2009. The adoption
of this guidance did not have a material impact on the
consolidated financial statements.
In May 2009, the FASB issued guidance on subsequent events that
establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure
of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before
financial statements are issued or are available to be issued.
Specifically, this guidance provides (i) the period after
the balance sheet date during which management of a reporting
entity should evaluate events or transactions that may occur for
potential recognition or disclosure in the financial statements,
(ii) the circumstances under which an entity should
recognize events or transactions occurring after the balance
sheet date in its financial statements and (iii) the
disclosures that an entity should make about events or
transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date. The
adoption of this guidance did not have any material impact on
the consolidated financial statements.
F-16
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
In June 2009, the FASB issued revised guidance on the
consolidation of variable interest entities. The revised
guidance eliminates previous exceptions to consolidating
qualifying special-purpose entities, contains new criteria for
determining the primary beneficiary, and increases the frequency
of required reassessments to determine whether a company is the
primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity. The revised
guidance also contains a new requirement that any term,
transaction, or arrangement that does not have a substantive
effect on an entity’s status as a variable interest entity,
a company’s power over a variable interest entity or a
company’s obligation to absorb losses or its right to
receive benefits of a entity must be disregarded in applying the
other provisions. The revised guidance will be effective for the
fiscal year beginning January 1, 2010. The adoption of this
guidance did not have any material impact on the consolidated
financial statements.
In August 2009, the FASB issued guidance on Fair Value
Measurements and Disclosures — Measuring Liabilities
at Fair Value. The new guidance aims to provide clarification
relating to the fair value measurement of liabilities, specially
in circumstances where a quoted price in an active market for
the identical liability is not available, a reporting entity is
required to measure fair value using certain prescribed
techniques. Techniques highlighted included using 1) the
quoted price of the identical liability when traded as an asset,
2) quoted prices for similar liabilities when traded as
assets, or 3) another valuation technique that is
consistent with the principles of fair value measurements. The
new guidance also clarifies that when estimating the fair value
of a liability, a reporting entity is not required to include a
separate input or adjustment to other inputs relating to the
existence of a restriction that prevents the transfer of the
liability. Finally, the guidance clarifies that both a quoted
price in an active market for the identical liability and the
quoted price for the identical liability when traded as an asset
in an active market when no adjustment to the quoted price of
the asset are required are Level 1 fair value measurements.
The adoption of this guidance did not have any material impact
on the consolidated financial statements.
In October 2009, the FASB issued an accounting standard update
on revenue recognition relating to multiple deliverable revenue
arrangements. The fair value requirements of existing accounting
guidance are modified by allowing the use of the “best
estimate of selling price” in addition to vendor-specific
objective evidence (“VSOE”) and third-party evidence
(“TPE”) for determining the selling price of a
deliverable. A vendor is now required to use its best estimate
of the selling price when VSOE or TPE of the selling price
cannot be determined. In addition, the residual method of
allocating arrangement consideration is no longer permitted.
This update requires expanded qualitative and quantitative
disclosure and is effective for fiscal years beginning on or
after June 15, 2010 although early adoption is permitted.
These updates may be applied either prospectively from the
beginning of the fiscal year for new or materially modified
arrangement or retrospectively. The Company is currently
assessing the impact, if any, that the adoption of this update
will have on its consolidated financial statements and
disclosures.
In January 2010, the FASB issued an accounting standard update
on improving disclosures about fair value measurements. The
updated guidance amends existing disclosure requirements by
adding required disclosures about items transferring into and
out of Levels 1 and 2 in the fair value hierarchy; adding
separate disclosures about purchase, sales, issuances, and
settlements relative to Level 3 measurements; and
clarifying, among other things, the existing fair value
disclosures about the level of disaggregation. This update is
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2009, except for the requirement to provide Level 3
activity of purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements on a
gross basis, which is effective beginning the first quarter of
2011. Since this standard impacts disclosure requirements only,
its adoption will not have a material impact on the
Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial
condition.
The FASB issued an update in April 2010 that provides guidance
on the criteria for determining whether the milestone method of
revenue recognition is appropriate. A vendor can recognize
consideration that is contingent upon achievement of a milestone
in its entirety as revenue in the period in which the milestone
is achieved only if the milestone meets all criteria to be
considered substantive. Determining whether a milestone is
substantive is a matter
F-17
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
of judgment made at the inception of the arrangement. A
milestone should be considered substantive in its entirety. An
individual milestone may not be bifurcated. An arrangement may
include more than one milestone, and each milestone should be
evaluated separately to determine whether the milestone is
substantive. A vendor’s decision to use the milestone
method of revenue recognition for transactions within the scope
of the amendments in the April 2010 update is a policy election.
A vendor that is affected by the amendments in this update is
required to provide certain disclosures. This update is
effective on a prospective basis for milestones achieved in
fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning
on or after June 15, 2010. Early adoption is permitted with
certain disclosures required. A vendor may also elect, but is
not required, to adopt the amendments in this update
retrospectively for all prior periods. We are currently
assessing the impact, if any, that the adoption of the update
will have on our consolidated financial statements and
disclosures.
In April 2010, FASB issued an amendments to Topic 718 to clarify
that an employee share-based payment award with an exercise
price denominated in the currency of a market in which a
substantial portion of the entity’s equity securities
trades should not be considered to contain a condition that is
not a market, performance, or service condition. Therefore, an
entity would not classify such an award as a liability if it
otherwise qualifies as equity. The amendments in this Update are
effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those
fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2010. The
amendments in this update should be applied by recording a
cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained
earnings. Earlier application is permitted. The Company is
currently assessing the impact from the adoption of this update.
In September 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with a
bank for an irrevocable standby letter of credit with amount of
USD350 for the purchase of raw materials. This standby letter of
credit was collateralized by a cash deposit of USD350 with a
term of nine months. In March 2010, this standby letter of
credit was renewed for an additional three months.
Inventories consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
Raw materials
|
|
|
3,524
|
|
|
|
10,150
|
|
|
|
12,470
|
|
Work in progress
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
110
|
|
|
|
96
|
|
Finished goods
|
|
|
4,553
|
|
|
|
15,143
|
|
|
|
17,377
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,082
|
|
|
|
25,403
|
|
|
|
29,943
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and June 30, 2010,
the carrying value of finished goods held by distributors for
which they hold title were USD954, USD3,589 and USD4,283
(unaudited), respectively. For the years ended December 31,
2007, 2008 and 2009, and the six months ended June 30, 2009
and 2010, inventory write-downs in raw materials and finished
goods of nil, USD575, USD2,910, USD1,057 (unaudited) and
USD1,403 (unaudited), respectively, were included in the
“cost of revenue” to reflect excess inventories and
the lower of cost or market.
F-18
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
The movement of inventory write-downs for the years ended
December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, and the six months ended
June 30, 2009 and 2010 is as follows:
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
For the Year
|
|
|
For the Six Months
|
|
|
|
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
Beginning of period
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
575
|
|
|
|
575
|
|
|
|
3,442
|
|
Addition during the period
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
575
|
|
|
|
2,910
|
|
|
|
1,057
|
|
|
|
1,403
|
|
Transfer-in from accrual for loss on firm, noncancelable, and
unconditional purchase commitments that have been recognized
previously
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
561
|
|
Write-off during the period
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(43
|
)
|
|
|
(43
|
)
|
|
|
(915
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
End of period
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
575
|
|
|
|
3,442
|
|
|
|
1,589
|
|
|
|
4,491
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.
|
Prepaid
Expenses and Other Current Assets
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the
following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
Prepaid license fee
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
985
|
|
|
|
995
|
|
Prepaid fees relating to the initial public offering
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
246
|
|
Rental deposits
|
|
|
88
|
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
|
87
|
|
Staff Advances
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
42
|
|
Prepayment for raw material purchase
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
138
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Others
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
115
|
|
|
|
136
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
143
|
|
|
|
1,330
|
|
|
|
1,506
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-19
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
|
|
6.
|
Property
and Equipment
|
Property and equipment consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
Equipment and office furniture
|
|
|
2,480
|
|
|
|
3,430
|
|
|
|
3,679
|
|
Motor vehicles
|
|
|
54
|
|
|
|
54
|
|
|
|
54
|
|
Software
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
241
|
|
|
|
242
|
|
Leasehold improvement
|
|
|
123
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
|
220
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,657
|
|
|
|
3,938
|
|
|
|
4,195
|
|
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
(1,080
|
)
|
|
|
(1,620
|
)
|
|
|
(1,992
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,577
|
|
|
|
2,318
|
|
|
|
2,203
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization expense was USD413, USD548,
USD571, USD266 (unaudited) and USD375 (unaudited) for the years
ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, and June 30,
2009 and 2010, respectively.
In March 2006, the Company entered into an arrangement to set up
an entity called RDA Wireless Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
(“Wireless”) in the PRC on behalf of a third party.
The share capital of Wireless was initially 100% legally owned
by the Company. However, as part of the arrangement, the third
party would bear all the risk and rewards of Wireless upon its
inception. Wireless was determined to be a variable interest
entity, and since the third party bears the full risk and
rewards, the Company was not deemed the primary beneficiary and
did not consolidate Wireless.
In June 2006, the Company entered into an agreement with a third
party to transfer certain inventory, fixed assets, intellectual
property and unfulfilled purchase orders with an aggregate book
value of USD316 for a note receivable in the amount of USD3,000
and an option to purchase 25% equity interest in the joint
venture entity at par value. The note is non-interest bearing
and due in ten years, or upon IPO of the new entity, if earlier.
No gain was recognized on this transaction because the
transaction is viewed as a contribution of assets in a formation
of a new entity in exchange for consideration that is not
readily convertible to cash. Upon regulatory approval in
February 2007, the Company transferred the share capital of
Wireless to the third party entity. There was no impact on the
Company’s results of operations or shareholders’
deficit upon the transfer as the Company did not previously
reflect any amounts related to this business in its consolidated
financial statements.
In July 2007, the Company exercised the option to acquire 25%
equity interest in the joint venture entity which was accounted
for as an equity method investment with a balance of USD316,
which includes the equity interest and the note receivable. From
July 2007 to December 2007, the Company’s share of the
joint venture entity’s net loss was greater than USD316
carrying value of the Company’s investment and the Company
also concluded that the note receivable was no longer
collectible. Consequently, the Company recorded an investment
loss of USD316 to reduce its investment basis to zero and the
Company did not have any obligation to fund future losses.
In December 2007, the Company distributed its shares of the
joint venture entity to its preferred and ordinary shareholders
on a pro rata basis. The distribution had no impact on the
Company’s results of operations or shareholders’
deficit as the Company’s basis in the investment at the
time of transfer was zero.
F-20
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
|
|
8.
|
Accrued
Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
|
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the
following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
Taxes payable
|
|
|
225
|
|
|
|
527
|
|
|
|
1,800
|
|
Government subsidies
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
|
293
|
|
|
|
1,571
|
|
Accrued payroll
|
|
|
2,073
|
|
|
|
3,519
|
|
|
|
1,472
|
|
Accrual for loss on firm, noncancelable, and unconditional
purchase commitments
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,559
|
|
|
|
974
|
|
Advances from customers
|
|
|
130
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
541
|
|
Accrued royalty
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
507
|
|
|
|
534
|
|
Accrued professional services fees
|
|
|
513
|
|
|
|
237
|
|
|
|
313
|
|
Accrued warranty
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
192
|
|
|
|
252
|
|
Accrued annual leave
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
135
|
|
|
|
231
|
|
Accrued license fee
|
|
|
385
|
|
|
|
140
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
Accrued freight
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
96
|
|
|
|
77
|
|
Others
|
|
|
278
|
|
|
|
454
|
|
|
|
522
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,743
|
|
|
|
7,689
|
|
|
|
8,387
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royalty
In June 2009, the Company entered into a license and technology
agreement with a third party, which requires the Company to pay
royalty fees based on the percentages of revenue derived from
the new products in 2009 using the licensed technology. The
Company included royalty expense of USD507, USD139 (unaudited)
and USD534 (unaudited) in cost of revenue for the year ended
December 31, 2009, and the six months ended June 30,
2009 and 2010.
Cayman
Under the current laws of Cayman, the Company, being a Cayman
incorporated company, is not subject to tax on income or capital
gain. In addition, upon payments of dividends by the Company to
its shareholders, no Cayman withholding tax will be imposed.
BVI
Under the current laws of BVI, RDA Micro BVI and RDA
International, being a BVI incorporated company, are not subject
to tax on income or capital gain. In addition, upon payments of
dividends by the Company to its shareholders, no BVI withholding
tax will be imposed.
F-21
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
Hong
Kong
RDA Tech, the Company’s subsidiary that is incorporated in
Hong Kong, is subject to Hong Kong profits tax at a rate of
16.5% on its assessable profit.
PRC
Prior to January 1, 2008, the Company’s subsidiaries,
RDA Shanghai and RDA Beijing that are established in the PRC
were subject to Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) on the
taxable income as reported in their respective statutory
financial statements adjusted in accordance with the Enterprise
Income Tax Law and the Income Tax Law of the PRC Concerning
Foreign Investment Enterprises (“FIE”) and Foreign
Enterprises (collectively, the “previous EIT Law”).
Pursuant to the previous EIT Law, enterprises were generally
subject to a state tax rate of 30% and a local tax rate of 3%
for a total statutory tax rate of 33%. RDA Beijing has entered
into its first cumulatively profitable year in 2006. Its
applicable EIT rate for year 2006 and 2007 was 33%. RDA Shanghai
was registered in the Pudong New District of Shanghai and was
subject to an EIT rate of 15% pursuant to the local tax
preferential treatment before January 1, 2008. In addition,
under previous EIT Law, foreign-invested IC design enterprises
were entitled to a two year income tax exemption and a three
year 50% tax rate reduction starting from their respective first
cumulatively profitable year (the “2+3 Tax Holiday”).
RDA Shanghai qualifies IC design enterprise and entered into its
first cumulatively profitable year in 2005. RDA Shanghai was
exempted from EIT for year 2005 and 2006, and was entitled to an
income tax rate of 7.5% (50% of the preferential rate of 15%)
for year 2007.
Effective January 1, 2008, the new Corporate Income Tax Law
(the “CIT Law”) in China supersedes the previous EIT
Law. The CIT Law applies a uniform income tax rate of 25%. The
enterprises which were entitled to a preferential tax treatment
such as a reduced tax rate were eligible for a graduated rate
increase to 25% over the
5-year
period beginning from January 1, 2008. The phasing-in rates
during the
5-year
transition period are 18%, 20%, 22%, 24% and 25%, respectively.
Therefore, RDA Shanghai is entitled to an income tax rate of 9%
and 10% for year 2008 and 2009, respectively (i.e. 50% of
transitional tax rate of 18% and 20%, respectively). In December
2008, RDA Shanghai qualified as a High and New Technology
Enterprise (“HNTE”) which, according to the CIT Law,
could apply for and then enjoy a preferential CIT rate of 15%
for the succeeding three years from 2008 to 2010. RDA Shanghai
has applied for such preferential CIT treatment. As a result,
its CIT rate for year 2010 will become 15% after the expiration
of 2+3 Tax Holiday in year 2009. If RDA Shanghai fails to
qualify HNTE in 2011, the CIT rate for 2011 and 2012 will
increase to 24% (4th year phasing-in rate) and 25%,
respectively.
The CIT law also allows foreign-invested IC design enterprises
which were established prior to January 1, 2008, entitled
to 2+3 Tax Holiday. In 2008, RDA Beijing qualified as an IC
design enterprise and entered into its first year of the 2+3 Tax
Holiday. Accordingly, RDA Beijing was exempted from CIT for year
2008 and 2009 and will be subject to CIT at a rate of 12.5% for
year 2010 to 2012. RDA Beijing also qualified as a HNTE in 2008.
However, it elected not to apply for the preferential CIT rate
of 15% because RDA Beijing was entitled to a lower rate under
2+3 Tax Holiday.
Effective from February 22, 2008, the dividends declared
out of the profits earned after January 1, 2008 by a FIE to
its immediate holding company outside PRC would be subject to
withholding taxes at a rate of 10%. A favorable withholding tax
rate will be applied if there is a tax treaty arrangement
between the PRC and the jurisdiction of the foreign holding
company. The Company’s subsidiaries in China are considered
FIEs and are wholly owned by RDA Tech, incorporated in Hong
Kong. According to tax treaty between the PRC and Hong Kong,
dividends payable to its Hong Kong parent from FIE in the PRC
will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of 5%. Since the
Company intends to permanently reinvest earnings to further
expand its businesses in the PRC, its FIEs in the PRC do not
intend to declare dividends to its immediate foreign holding
entities in the foreseeable future.
F-22
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
Accordingly, as of December 31, 2009 and June 30,
2010, the Company has not recorded any withholding tax on the
retained earnings of its FIEs in the PRC.
Reconciliation
of the Differences Between Statutory Tax Rate and the Effective
Tax Rate
The reconciliation between the statutory income tax rate and the
Company’s effective tax rate for the years ended
December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, and June 30, 2009
and 2010 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year
|
|
|
For the Six Months
|
|
|
|
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
Statutory income tax rate
|
|
|
33
|
%
|
|
|
25
|
%
|
|
|
25
|
%
|
|
|
25
|
%
|
|
|
25
|
%
|
Tax differential from statutory rate applicable to subsidiaries
in the PRC
|
|
|
(36
|
)%
|
|
|
(125
|
)%
|
|
|
(22
|
)%
|
|
|
(22
|
)%
|
|
|
(12
|
)%
|
Change in valuation allowance
|
|
|
(2
|
)%
|
|
|
(148
|
)%
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Non-deductible expenses
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
23
|
%
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Other
|
|
|
1
|
%
|
|
|
1
|
%
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effective income tax rate
|
|
|
(4
|
)%
|
|
|
(224
|
)%
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
|
13
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Significant
Components of Deferred Tax Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
Property and equipment basis difference
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
Pre-operating expenses difference
|
|
|
152
|
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
Net operating loss carry-forwards
|
|
|
278
|
|
|
|
168
|
|
|
|
201
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax assets
|
|
|
458
|
|
|
|
272
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subject to the approval of the relevant tax authorities, RDA
Shanghai had total tax loss carry-forwards of approximately
USD696 as of December 31, 2009. Of the total amount,
approximately USD211, USD117 and USD368 of such losses will
expire in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively.
Subject to the approval of the relevant tax authorities, RDA
Shanghai had total tax loss carry-forwards of approximately
USD828 (unaudited) as of June 30, 2010. Of the total
amount, approximately USD212, USD118, USD370 and USD128 of such
losses will expire in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.
Valuation allowance of USD282 as of December 31, 2007 was
provided for operating loss carry-forwards and other deferred
tax assets in RDA Beijing, RDA Shanghai and RDA Tech. In 2008,
the Company released full valuation allowance against its net
deferred tax assets because management concluded it was more
likely than not that the deferred tax assets related to RDA
Beijing, RDA Shanghai and RDA Tech would be realized. Management
F-23
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
reached this decision based on judgment, which included
consideration of historical losses and projections of future
profits including transfer pricing arrangements that were put in
place in 2008.
The provision / (benefit) for income taxes for the
years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, and the six
months ended 2009 and 2010 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year
|
|
|
For the Six Months
|
|
|
|
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
Current income tax expense/(benefit)
|
|
|
155
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
191
|
|
|
|
(72
|
)
|
|
|
1,251
|
|
Deferred income tax expense/(benefit) before valuation allowance
|
|
|
(87
|
)
|
|
|
(176
|
)
|
|
|
186
|
|
|
|
148
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
Change in valuation allowance
|
|
|
87
|
|
|
|
(282
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
155
|
|
|
|
(454
|
)
|
|
|
377
|
|
|
|
76
|
|
|
|
1,273
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of June 30, 2010, the Company recorded a liability in
accordance with FASB ASC 740 that amounted to approximately
USD238 (unaudited). The activity in the Company’s
unrecognized tax benefits in 2007, 2008 and 2009 and the six
months ended June 30, 2010 is summarized as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of January 1, 2007
|
|
|
63
|
|
Addition for tax positions of the current year
|
|
|
155
|
|
Exchange rate difference
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balances as of December 31, 2007
|
|
|
222
|
|
Exchange rate difference
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2008
|
|
|
237
|
|
Exchange rate difference
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2009
|
|
|
238
|
|
Exchange rate difference
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of June 30, 2010(unaudited)
|
|
|
238
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company does not expect significant increases or decreases
in unrecognized tax benefits within 12 months of
December 31, 2009 and June 30, 2010. The Company has
not been subject to an examination by any major tax
jurisdictions. The Company accrued interest and income tax
penalties of nil, USD100 and USD111 (unaudited), as of
December 31, 2008 and 2009, and June 30, 2010,
respectively. No income taxes or income tax penalties were paid
in any of the periods presented.
F-24
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
The aggregated amount and per ordinary share effect of the tax
holiday are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year
|
|
|
For the Six Months
|
|
|
|
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
The aggregated dollar effect
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
186
|
|
|
|
(201
|
)
|
|
|
(159
|
)
|
|
|
(38
|
)
|
Per ordinary share effect — basic
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
0.00
|
|
|
|
(0.00
|
)
|
|
|
(0.00
|
)
|
|
|
(0.00
|
)
|
Per ordinary share effect — diluted
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
0.00
|
|
|
|
(0.00
|
)
|
|
|
(0.00
|
)
|
|
|
(0.00
|
)
|
|
|
10.
|
Convertible
Redeemable Preferred Share
|
Series A
Shares
In March 2004, the Company entered an agreement with an investor
to sell an aggregate of 94,648,784 Series A Convertible
Redeemable Preferred Shares (“Series A Shares”)
and 8,000,775 ordinary shares as follows:
(a) First closing (completed in March 2004): Issuance of
8,000,775 ordinary shares and 18,929,757 Series A Shares
for proceeds of USD2,000;
(b) Second closing upon the achievement of certain
operational conditions (achieved and completed in June 2004):
Issuance of 28,394,635 Series A Shares for proceeds of
USD3,000;
(c) Third closing upon the achievement of certain
operational conditions (achieved and completed in March 2005):
Issuance of 47,324,392 Series A Shares for proceeds of
USD5,000; and a
(d) Fourth closing at the option of the investor to
purchase up to an additional 47,324,392 Series A Shares for
the purchase price of USD0.1057 per share (proceeds of USD5,000
if fully exercised). The exercisability of this warrant is
contingent on the Company not raising at least USD7,500 from
outside equity financing at a minimum price of USD0.33 per share
before the expiration date. The expiration date was three years
from the third closing, which came out to March 22, 2008.
As of March 2004, this fourth closing is treated as a warrant to
contingently purchase Series A Shares at a fixed price and
had a fair value of USD427. This option was subsequently
cancelled in December 2008 in conjunction with Series B
Shares issuance described below.
Upon the first closing, the Company allocated proceeds of
USD2,000 among the 8,000,775 ordinary shares, the 18,929,757
Series A Shares and the conditional fourth closing warrant,
based on the relative fair value of each component, in the
amount of USD422, USD1,297, and USD281, respectively. The
warrant was classified as equity and recorded as an increase in
additional paid-in capital.
Series B
Shares
In December 2005, the warrant related to the fourth closing of
Series A Shares was cancelled and concurrently, the Company
issued a convertible promissory note (“Promissory
Note”) to the Series A investor for consideration of
USD5,000.
F-25
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
The Promissory Note carried interest at a non-compounded 8% per
annum, had no maturity date and is convertible into the
Company’s next round of preferred shares at the earliest of
the following and at the conversion rate indicated:
a) at the new round of equity financing with gross proceeds
of at least USD10,000, provided that such financing is before
May 31, 2007. Convertible at a per share price based on the
higher of (1) USD25,000 valuation of the Company, or
(2) 80% of the per share price of the shares price issued
under the new round of equity financing;
b) if there is a change in control event prior to
May 31, 2007, then the Promissory Note is convertible into
a new series of preference share at a per share price based on a
USD25,000 valuation of the Company; or
c) if there has not been a new round of equity financing or
a change in control event as of May 31, 2007, then the
Promissory Note is convertible into a new series of preference
shares at a per share price based on a USD25,000 valuation of
the Company. The new series of preference shares shall rank pari
passu to the Series A Shares.
In addition to the conversion terms above, the Promissory Note
should be paid by the Company upon certain events of default.
The Promissory Note was recorded as a liability of USD5,000 with
subsequent accrual of interest. The cancellation of the
contingent warrant was deemed to be an expiration and had no
impact on the Company’s results of operations or
shareholders’ deficit as the Company expected to be able to
obtain sufficient outside equity financing if necessary.
In November 2006, the Company and the investor agreed to convert
the Promissory Note into 32,972,304 Series B Convertible
Redeemable Preferred Shares (“Series B Shares”)
at a per share price of USD0.1637738. As this conversion was
prior to the occurrence of any of the above conversion events as
defined in the Promissory Note agreement, the Promissory Note
was deemed extinguished in November 2006.
Series C
Shares
In January 2007, the Company issued 30,008,554 Series C
Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares (“Series C
Share”) for proceeds of USD10,000.
The above Series A Shares, Series B Shares and
Series C Shares (collectively, “Preferred
Shares”) are classified as mezzanine equity due to
liquidation preferences and redemption rights that are outside
the control of the Company. The significant terms of the
Preferred Shares are as follows:
Cumulative
Dividends
Prior to 2007, the holders of Series A Shares and
Series B Shares were entitled to receive cumulative
dividends at the non-compound rate of twelve percent (12%) per
annum of the issue price. In connection with the Series C
financing in January 2007, the cumulative dividend rate on
Series A Shares and Series B Shares was modified from
12% to 8% per annum of the issue price consistent with the
Series C Shares effective from the issuance date. The
change in the dividend rate has no impact on the Company’s
consolidated financial statements as it is considered an
agreement among the preferred shareholders in connection with
the Series C financing. Dividends are payable upon
(1) redemption of the Preferred Shares (see redemption
terms below), or (2) a liquidation, dissolution or winding
up of the Company.
F-26
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
Accumulated undeclared dividends consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
Series A Shares
|
|
|
2,542
|
|
|
|
3,336
|
|
|
|
4,130
|
|
|
|
4,527
|
|
Series B Shares
|
|
|
425
|
|
|
|
908
|
|
|
|
1,344
|
|
|
|
1,562
|
|
Series C Shares
|
|
|
733
|
|
|
|
1,533
|
|
|
|
2,333
|
|
|
|
2,733
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
3,700
|
|
|
|
5,777
|
|
|
|
7,807
|
|
|
|
8,822
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative dividends up to the December 2008 modification date
were included in accretion to the redemption value of Preferred
Shares (see Accretion and Modification below).
Participating
Rights
No dividend, whether in cash, in property or in shares of the
capital of the Company, shall be paid on any other class or
series of shares of the Company, unless and until all cumulative
dividends are declared and paid, and dividends in like amount
are first paid in full on the Preferred Shares (on an
if-converted basis).
Conversion
Rights
Each holder of Preferred Shares can convert all or any portion
of outstanding Preferred Shares into ordinary shares at any time
at the option of the holder. The initial conversion rate is
one-for-one,
subject to anti-dilutive provisions. In addition, the Preferred
Shares will be automatically converted into ordinary shares upon
the closing of a qualified initial public offering
(“Qualified IPO”). A Qualified IPO is defined as a
public offering on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange or other
internationally recognized stock exchange, with gross proceeds
to the Company in excess of USD50,000 and a minimum fully
distributed market capitalization of USD200,000.
Voting
Rights
Each Preferred Share carries the number of votes equal to the
number of ordinary shares issuable upon conversion. The holders
of Preferred Shares shall generally vote together with the
ordinary shareholders except for certain events as described in
the Company’s Articles of Association which requires the
prior written approval of holders of at least majority of the
outstanding Preferred Shares.
Liquidation
Preferences
In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the
Company, either voluntary or involuntary, or certain deemed
liquidation events such as a change in control of more than 50%
or sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s
assets, the holders of the Preferred Shares shall be entitled to
receive, prior to any distribution to the holders of the
ordinary shares, an amount equal to the original issue price of
Preferred Shares plus all accrued or declared but unpaid
dividends thereon, in order of preferences, first to the holders
of Series C Shares, then to the holders of Series B
Shares and then to the holders of the Series A Shares.
Redemption
Rights
In the event of (i) gross misrepresentation or fraud on the
part of the Founder or the Company, or (ii) the
Company’s failure to achieve annual sales target of
USD100,000 in any one of the Company’s financial years that
F-27
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
end on or prior to December 31, 2009, at the option of a
majority of Preferred Shares holders, the Company shall redeem
all Preferred Shares at the original Preferred Share purchase
price plus all unpaid cumulative dividends as of date of
redemption. The Preferred Shares were modified to remove the
redemption right linked to the annual sales target (see
Modification below).
Accretion
Starting on the respective issuance date of the Preferred
Shares, the Company accreted Preferred Shares’ initial
carrying value to their redemption value at December 31,
2009, the earliest redemption date, based on the effective
interest method. Upon the issuance of the Series C Shares
in January 2007, the Company adjusted the accretion on
Series A Shares and Series B Shares to reflect the
adjustment of the cumulative dividend rate from 12% to 8%. In
December 2008, accretion was discontinued due to the
modification described below.
Modification
In December 2008, shareholders of Preferred Shares agreed to
remove the redemption right linked to the annual sales target
described above from Preferred Shares agreement for no
consideration. The Company concluded that the removal of the
redemption right is a modification of the terms of Preferred
Shares (the “Modification”), which to the extent there
is a decrease in fair value would result in a transfer of wealth
to ordinary shareholders, computed as the difference between the
fair value of Preferred Shares immediately before and after the
modification. The modification to remove the redemption feature
reduced the fair value of Series B Shares and Series C
Shares by USD3 and USD252, respectively. The differences were
recorded as additions to additional paid-in capital in
shareholder’s deficit and a reduction to the carrying
values of Series B Shares and Series C Shares at the
same time, to reflect a capital contribution from the Preferred
Shareholders as a result of giving up the redemption right. At
the same time, the modification to remove the redemption feature
did not result in significant changes to the fair value of
Series A Shares.
Subsequent to the Modification, the redemption is not considered
probable. As a result, the Company has discontinued further
accretion of the carrying values on December 2008. However, the
Company continues to record cumulative dividends before deriving
the net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders.
On January 27, 2004, the Company issued 100 ordinary shares
to a founder at USD0.01 per share when the Company was
incorporated. On August 31, 2005, the Company issued
19,999,900 ordinary shares to various employees and consultants
at USD0.01 per share. Such shares were issued for services
already performed in connection with the establishment of the
Company. The Company recorded compensation expense based on the
fair value of the shares issued.
In connection with the Series A financing, the
Company’s Series A investor purchased 8,000,775
ordinary shares from the Company in March 2004 (Note 10).
On August 31, 2005, the Series A investor and certain
employees agreed that the employees would have the right to
purchase the 8,000,775 ordinary shares from the Series A
investor at USD0.01 per share if certain performance targets of
the Company were achieved by June 30, 2007. In November
2006, the Series A investor transferred such shares to
certain employees and the Company recorded compensation expense
based on the fair value of the shares transferred to these
employees.
In August 2006, the Company issued 6,105,982 ordinary shares to
the founder for proceeds of USD1,000. In November 2006, the
Company issued 3,327,760 ordinary shares to certain employees
for proceeds of USD545. In connection with these issuances of
ordinary shares, the Series A investor and these employees
entered into
F-28
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
agreements whereby the employees would borrow, either directly
or indirectly, half of the purchase price of the ordinary shares
from the Series A investor. Loans of USD773 were borrowed
from the Series A investor on the date of the respective
share issuances and was payable in five years (August 2011 and
November 2011, respectively). Such loans were personally
guaranteed by the founder and bore an interest rate of 3% per
annum. The Company concluded that these loans were non-recourse
in substance and therefore, the issuance of ordinary shares
associated with loans from a principal shareholder were
considered stock options granted to employees. However, as the
Series A investor bears the collection risk of the loans
and shares were immediately vested, the shares were considered
exercised upon issuance.
In December 2009, RDA Cayman issued 12,899,062 ordinary shares
to 111 employees who had exercised vested stock options
granted under RDA Micro BVI’s 2005 Share Option
Scheme. These options had been assigned to and assumed by RDA
Cayman in August 2008.
In December 2009, the Company entered into a subscription
agreement with a third party investor to issue 1,950,642
ordinary shares for proceeds of USD4,200 or USD2.1531 per share.
On March 16, 2010, the Company issued 1,950,642 ordinary
shares to an investor for proceeds of USD4,200 or USD2.1531 per
share pursuant to the subscription agreement entered into in
December 2009.
|
|
12.
|
Share-Based
Compensation
|
On August 31, 2005, the Company authorized an employee
stock option scheme (the “2005 Scheme”), under which
up to 30,000,000 ordinary shares were to be granted. The Company
has made the following option grants under the 2005 Scheme:
a) On September 1, 2005, the Company granted options
to certain employees of the Company to purchase 11,453,431
ordinary shares at an exercise price of USD0.11. These awards
generally vest equally on each of 4 anniversary dates of
employment date.
b) On September 1, 2006, the Company granted options
to certain employees and a consultant of the Company to purchase
8,181,058 ordinary shares at an exercise price of USD0.0844.
These awards generally vest monthly for 60 months following
the grant date.
c) On September 1, 2007, the Company granted options
to certain employees and a consultant of the Company to purchase
10,100,937 ordinary shares at an exercise price of USD0.2727.
These awards generally vest monthly for 60 months following
the grant date.
d) On August 1, 2009, the Company granted options to
certain employees of the Company to purchase 670,000 ordinary
shares at an exercise price of USD0.5. These awards vest monthly
over two to five years following the grant date.
All the options granted have a contractual term of 10 years.
The options that were granted prior to April 2008 carried a
Qualified IPO performance and service condition that affect
vesting, as defined in FASB ASC 718. As of
December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the Company was not able
to determine that it probable that the performance condition
would be satisfied until the completion of a Qualified IPO.
Therefore, the Company did not recognize any share-based
compensation expense on all these options for the years ended
December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
In April 2008, the Company amended the 2005 Scheme to remove the
provision requiring a Qualified IPO for options to become
exercisable leaving only a service condition. The Company
concluded that this amendment met the definition of
improbable-to-probable
modification because it previously was not probable that the
performance
F-29
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
condition would be satisfied, and the modification caused it to
become probable. Because the original performance condition was
not probable on the modification date, the Company did not use
the original grant-date fair value to measure compensation cost
for the stock option grants in 2005, 2006 and 2007. As required
by FASB ASC 718, the Company calculated the fair value of
the awards on modification date. The weighted average fair value
on the modification date of the stock option grants in 2005,
2006 and 2007 were USD0.2066, USD0.2318 and USD0.1728,
respectively. The fair value of the vested awards of USD3,106
was recognized immediately on the modification date. The
share-based compensation for unvested awards would be recognized
over the remaining requisite service period on a straight line
basis.
On November 2, 2009, the Company authorized a share
incentive plan (the “2009 Plan”). Subject to the 2009
Plan, the maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares which may
be issued pursuant to all awards is 30,000,000 ordinary shares.
Under the 2009 Plan, the Company granted 7,260,134 Restricted
Share Unit awards (the “RSU”) to certain employees on
November 2, 2009. These awards will vest over a two to five
year term from the grant date.
On January 18, 2010, the Company granted 108,107 RSUs to
certain employees which will vest over a five year term. The
grants carry both a Qualified IPO performance and service
conditions that affect vesting. Upon the completion of a
Qualified IPO, the Company will recognise compensation expense
based on the grant date fair value of the vested awards
utilizing the graded-vesting method. The grant date fair value
of RSUs granted on January 18, 2010 was USD2.1531.
The RSUs are not entitled to voting or dividend rights until
delivery of the ordinary shares.
The RSUs granted on November 2, 2009 and January 18,
2010 carried a Qualified IPO performance and service condition
that affect vesting, as defined in FASB ASC 718. As of
December 31, 2009 and June 30, 2010, the Company was
not able to determine that it was probable that the performance
condition would be satisfied until the completion of a Qualified
IPO given the significant uncertainties surrounding the
condition of the stock market and the economy as well as other
variables. Therefore, the Company did not recognize any
share-based compensation expense on the RSUs for the year ended
December 31, 2009 and the six months ended June 30,
2010.
On January 18, 2010, the Company cancelled 1,356,547 RSUs
granted to certain employees on November 2, 2009 and
concurrently granted Restricted Shares with similar terms. The
Company concluded that this amendment met the definition of an
improbable-to-improbable
modification because both the RSUs and Restricted Shares carry
the same Qualified IPO performance and service conditions that
affect vesting. The modification date incremental fair value was
nil. Therefore, the Company has determined that there is no
accounting for the Restricted Shares until the completion of a
Qualified IPO, at which time the Company will begin recognizing
the grant date fair value.
In May 2010, the Company cancelled 119,671 RSUs granted to
certain employees on November 2, 2009 and 562,334
Restricted Shares granted to certain employees on
January 18, 2010. Since both RSUs and Restricted Shares
carried Qualified IPO performance condition that affect vesting,
due to the fact that the Qualified IPO performance condition was
not probable at the time of the grant and cancellation, the
Company did not recognize any of the unrecognized compensation
cost related to the RSUs and Restricted Shares cancelled.
As of June 30, 2010, the Company has 5,823,677 RSUs and
794,213 Restricted Shares outstanding with the Qualified IPO
performance condition. Total share-based compensation expense of
USD5,737 has not yet been recognized due to the Qualified IPO
performance condition not having been considered probable as of
June 30, 2010.
F-30
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
Stock
Options to Employees
The following table summarized the stock option activity under
the Company’s 2005 Scheme (in USD, except shares):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vested
|
|
|
Remaining
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
Contractual
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
Exercisable
|
|
|
Life
|
|
|
Intrinsic
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Exercise Price
|
|
|
Options
|
|
|
(Years)
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Outstanding at January 1, 2007
|
|
|
19,634,489
|
|
|
|
0.0993
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
9.083
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
10,100,937
|
|
|
|
0.2727
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
(153,854
|
)
|
|
|
0.1100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
|
|
|
29,581,572
|
|
|
|
0.1585
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
8.626
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
(232,562
|
)
|
|
|
0.2157
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2008
|
|
|
29,349,010
|
|
|
|
0.1580
|
|
|
|
18,118,646
|
|
|
|
7.620
|
|
|
|
5,059,126
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
670,000
|
|
|
|
0.5000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(12,899,062
|
)
|
|
|
0.1392
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
(81,077
|
)
|
|
|
0.2278
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2009
|
|
|
17,038,871
|
|
|
|
0.1854
|
|
|
|
9,013,027
|
|
|
|
6.945
|
|
|
|
33,527,957
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted (unaudited)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised (unaudited)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited (unaudited)
|
|
|
(54,000
|
)
|
|
|
0.5000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at June 30, 2010 (unaudited)
|
|
|
16,984,871
|
|
|
|
0.1844
|
|
|
|
10,779,115
|
|
|
|
6.436
|
|
|
|
33,438,690
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The weighted average fair value of options granted during the
years ended December 31, 2007 and 2009 was USD0.1728 and
USD1.4439, respectively. No stock options were granted in 2008.
The total fair value of shares vested during the years ended
December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, and the six months ended
June, 2009 and 2010 was nil, USD3,738, USD842, USD391
(unaudited), and USD450 (unaudited), respectively. The aggregate
intrinsic value for stock options exercised during the year
ended December 31, 2009 and the six months ended
June 30, 2010 was USD25,977 and nil (unaudited) as of
December 31, 2009 and June 30, 2010, respectively.
As of December 31, 2009 and June 30, 2010, the
unrecognized compensation cost of USD2,307 and USD1,779
(unaudited), respectively, after adjustment for estimated
forfeitures, was related to non-vested stock option awards
granted to employees. Such unrecognized cost would be expected
to be recognized over a weighted average period of
2.48 years and 2.01 years (unaudited), respectively.
F-31
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
As of December 31, 2009 and June 30, 2010, weighted
average exercise price of exercisable options is USD0.1476 and
USD0.1559 (unaudited), respectively.
Under FASB ASC 718, the Company applied the Black-Scholes
valuation model in determining the fair value of options
granted. The model was applied contemporaneously for stock
option grants in 2009. Risk-free interest rates are based on the
derived market yield of China Government international bond for
the terms approximating the expected life of award at the time
of grant. The Company used FASB
ASC 718-10-S99
to determine the expected terms. Expected dividend yield is
determined in view of the Company’s historical dividend as
well as expected future payout rate. The Company estimated the
expected volatility at the date of grant based on average
annualized standard deviation of the share price of comparable
listed companies. The assumptions used to value share-based
compensation awards for the years ended December 31, 2007,
2008 and 2009, and the six months ended June 30, 2009 and
2010 are presented as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 Grants *
|
|
|
2006 Grants *
|
|
|
2007 Grants *
|
|
|
2009 Grants
|
|
|
Risk-free rate of return
|
|
|
3.26%
|
|
|
|
4.22
|
%
|
|
|
4.22
|
%
|
|
|
4.02
|
%
|
Expected term (years)
|
|
|
2.92~4.42
|
|
|
|
4.69
|
|
|
|
5.69
|
|
|
|
6.27
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
|
51.82%~53.39%
|
|
|
|
53.77
|
%
|
|
|
58.42
|
%
|
|
|
53.32
|
%
|
Dividend yield
|
|
|
Nil
|
|
|
|
Nil
|
|
|
|
Nil
|
|
|
|
Nil
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
These assumptions are used to
measure share-based compensation related to modification of
performance condition.
|
The options granted to the consultant in 2006 and 2007 were
fully vested upon grant.
RSUs
to Employees
The following table summarizes RSU activity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grant-date
|
|
|
|
Number of RSUs
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Outstanding at January 1, 2009
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
7,260,134
|
|
|
|
1.7714
|
|
Vested
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
(22,920
|
)
|
|
|
1.7714
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2009
|
|
|
7,237,214
|
|
|
|
1.7714
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cancelled
|
|
|
(1,476,218
|
)
|
|
|
1.7714
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
108,107
|
|
|
|
1.7714
|
|
Vested
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
(45,426
|
)
|
|
|
1.7714
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at June 30, 2010 (unaudited)
|
|
|
5,823,677
|
|
|
|
1.7714
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The fair value of the RSUs was measured as the grant date fair
value of the Company’s ordinary shares reduced by the
present value of the dividends expected to be paid on the
underlying shares during the requisite service period. Expected
dividend yield is nil for all RSUs.
F-32
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
As of December 31, 2009 and June 30, 2010, the
unrecognized compensation cost of USD12,820 and USD10,316
(unaudited), respectively, after adjustment for estimated
forfeitures, was related to non-vested RSUs granted to employees.
Recourse
Loans
In December 2009, the Company provided loans in the aggregate of
USD1,795 with full recourse to certain employees to exercise
their vested stock options. These loans have terms of one year
and carry 4% interest per annum. The Company concluded that
these loans were full recourse in substance and therefore,
recognized the stock option exercises. The Company accounted for
these recourse loans and related interest receivable as a
contra-equity item on the consolidated balance sheet.
|
|
(i)
|
Staff
Welfare Benefit
|
The full-time employees of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries
are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care,
welfare subsidies, unemployment insurance and pension benefits.
In accordance with the relevant regulations, these companies are
required to accrue for these benefits based on certain
percentages of the employees’ salaries with a certain cap
and make contributions to the state-sponsored welfare, pension
and medical plans out of the amounts accrued. There are no
further commitments or liabilities from the Company to the PRC
employees after the contribution. The PRC government is
responsible for the welfare and medical benefits and ultimate
pension liability to these employees. Expenses associated with
such benefits amounted to USD860, USD1,110, USD519 (unaudited)
and USD656 (unaudited) for the years ended December 31,
2008, 2009, and the six months ended June 30, 2009 and
2010, respectively.
|
|
(ii)
|
Paid
Leave Carried Forward
|
The Company provides paid annual leave to its employees under
their employment contracts on a calendar year basis. Under
certain circumstances, such leave which remains untaken as at
the balance sheet date is permitted to be carried forward and
utilized by the respective employees in the following year. An
accrual is made at the balance sheet date for the expected
future cost of such paid leave earned during the year by the
employees and carried forward. As of years ended
December 31, 2008, 2009 and six-month ended June 30,
2010, the company accrued liability for annual leave with nil,
USD135 and USD231 (unaudited), respectively.
F-33
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
Basic and diluted net income attributable to the Company’s
ordinary shareholders per ordinary share for the years ended
December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, and the six months ended
June 30, 2009, 2010 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six Months
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
Numerator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss) for the period
|
|
|
(4,501
|
)
|
|
|
657
|
|
|
|
11,306
|
|
|
|
2,979
|
|
|
|
8,373
|
|
Accretion/cumulative dividends for Preferred Shares
|
|
|
(1,348
|
)
|
|
|
(2,179
|
)
|
|
|
(2,030
|
)
|
|
|
(1,015
|
)
|
|
|
(1,015
|
)
|
Amount allocated to participating preferred shareholders
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(7,449
|
)
|
|
|
(1,588
|
)
|
|
|
(5,547
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Numerator for basic and diluted earning/(loss) per share
|
|
|
(5,849
|
)
|
|
|
(1,522
|
)
|
|
|
1,827
|
|
|
|
376
|
|
|
|
1,811
|
|
Denominator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding for basic
calculation
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
38,671,413
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
51,471,454
|
|
Dilutive effect of share-based awards
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
20,229,603
|
|
|
|
11,529,750
|
|
|
|
14,572,206
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator for diluted calculation
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
37,434,517
|
|
|
|
58,901,016
|
|
|
|
48,964,267
|
|
|
|
66,043,660
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic earnings/(loss) per ordinary share
|
|
|
(0.16
|
)
|
|
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
|
0.05
|
|
|
|
0.01
|
|
|
|
0.04
|
|
Diluted earnings/(loss) per ordinary share
|
|
|
(0.16
|
)
|
|
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
|
|
0.01
|
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
The following ordinary equivalent shares were excluded from the
computation of diluted net loss per common share for the periods
presented because including them would have had an anti-dilutive
effect:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2009
|
|
2009
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
Preferred shares
|
|
|
156,661,624
|
|
|
|
157,629,642
|
|
|
|
157,629,642
|
|
|
|
157,629,642
|
|
|
|
157,629,642
|
|
Share-based awards
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
7,017,408
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
F-34
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
|
|
15.
|
Related
Party Transactions
|
The holder of the majority of the Company’s Preferred
Shares also holds a majority of the preferred shares of another
two companies. During the years ended December 31, 2007,
2008 and 2009, and the six months ended June 30, 2009 and
2010, the Company had the following transactions and balances
with these two companies.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six Months
|
|
|
|
For the Year
|
|
|
Ended
|
|
|
|
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
Sales of products to a related party
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
275
|
|
|
|
316
|
|
|
|
149
|
|
|
|
218
|
|
Purchase of materials on behalf of a related party
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
373
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,485
|
|
Fees charged for material purchases to a related party
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
74
|
|
Purchase of IP license from another related party
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
200
|
|
|
|
200
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Balances with the above affiliate as of the periods indicated
are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2009
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
Due from a related party
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
169
|
|
|
|
16.
|
Commitments
and Contingencies
|
Intellectual
Property Indemnification
The Company has agreed to indemnify certain customers for claims
made against the Company’s products, where such claims
allege infringement of third party intellectual property rights,
including, but not limited to, patents, registered trademarks,
and/or
copyrights. Under the aforementioned indemnification clauses,
the Company may be obligated to defend the customer and pay for
the damages awarded against the customer under an infringement
claim, including paying for the customer’s attorneys’
fees and costs. The Company’s indemnification obligations
generally do not expire after termination or expiration of the
agreement containing the indemnification obligation. In certain
cases, there are limits on and exceptions to the Company’s
potential liability for indemnification. Although, historically,
the Company has not made significant payments under these
indemnification obligations, the Company cannot estimate the
amount of potential future payments, if any, that it might be
required to make as a result of these agreements. However, the
maximum potential amount of any future payments that the Company
could be required to make under these indemnification
obligations could be significant.
Purchase
Commitments
The Company purchases wafers from a variety of suppliers and
uses several contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing
services for its products. During the normal course of business,
in order to manage manufacturing lead times and help ensure
adequate supply, the Company issues purchase orders to suppliers
and contract manufacturers. The purchase commitments arising
from these purchase orders are noncancelable. The Company
records a liability for noncancelable purchase commitments for
quantities in excess of its future demand forecasts consistent
with the valuation of the Company’s excess and obsolete
inventory. The Company recorded such
F-35
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
liabilities amounting to nil, USD1,559 and USD974 (unaudited) as
of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and June 30, 2010. As
of December 31, 2009 and June 30, 2010, the Company
had outstanding purchase orders in the amount of USD15,663 and
USD29,319 (unaudited) respectively.
Legal
Matters
The Company in the past received several claims that it may be
infringing on the intellectual property rights of other parties.
Should the Company elect to settle with other parties or should
the other parties resort to litigation, the Company may be
obligated in the future to make payments or to compensate these
third parties, which could have an adverse effect on the
Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Due
to the preliminary status of the claims and uncertainties
related to the complexities of technologies involved, the
Company is unable to evaluate the likelihood of an outcome.
Accordingly, the Company is also unable to estimate the effect
of these claims on the financial position, results of operations
or cash flows. No provision has been recorded for any of the
periods presented. See note 17.
Operating
Lease Commitments
The Company has entered into noncancelable rental agreements
with property management of office premises. The minimum future
lease payments under noncancelable operating leases as of
December 31, 2009 and June 30, 2010 are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
381
|
|
|
|
179
|
|
2011
|
|
|
116
|
|
|
|
157
|
|
2012
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
498
|
|
|
|
347
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rental expenses for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008
and 2009, and the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2010
were USD215, USD302, USD386, USD175 (unaudited) and USD246
(unaudited), respectively.
Capital
Commitments
As of December 31, 2009 and June 30, 2010, the Company
had contracted for capital expenditures on equipment of
approximately USD 200 and USD24 (unaudited), respectively.
F-36
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
Other
Commitments
The Company’s agreements with third parties for software
license fees have the following future payments as of
June 30, 2010:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
1,570
|
|
|
|
1,550
|
|
2011
|
|
|
1,110
|
|
|
|
2,110
|
|
2012
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
925
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,680
|
|
|
|
4,585
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On August 4, 2010, the Company was informed by the Beijing
No. 1 Intermediate People’s Court stating that
Skyworks Solutions, Inc.(Skyworks) has filed two lawsuits
against the Company. The claims allege that the Company
infringes two of the Skyworks’s patents filed in China
relating to the packaging of certain semiconductors. The total
damages claimed in two lawsuits amount to USD295 and the claims
only specified one product which the Company no longer produces.
As of June 30, 2010, the carrying value of the specified
product included in inventory caption of the consolidated
balance sheet is USD159. The Company believes that the asserted
claim does not have merit and intends to defend the claim
vigorously. The Company has estimated the range of possible loss
to be nil to USD454. Patents related lawsuits often involve
complex legal procedures and are subject to substantial
uncertainties. Accordingly, management of the Company exercises
considerable judgment in determining whether it is probable that
such lawsuits will result in a loss. Based on the assessment
performed by management, the Company currently believes that it
is not probable that these lawsuits will result in a loss, and
accordingly no provision has been made in the consolidated
financial statements.
In connection with the issuance of the consolidated financial
statements for year ended December 31, 2009, the Company
has evaluated subsequent events through April 8, 2010, the
date the consolidated financial statements were issued. In
connection with the review of the interim consolidated financial
statements for the six-month period ended June 30, 2010 and
the reissuance of the consolidated financial statements for the
year ended December 31, 2009, the Company has evaluated
subsequent events through August 20, 2010.
|
|
18.
|
Additional
Information — Condensed Financial Statements
|
Relevant PRC laws and regulations permit PRC companies to pay
dividends only out of their retained earnings, if any, as
determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and
regulations. Additionally, the Company’s subsidiaries can
only distribute dividends upon approval of the shareholders
after they have met the PRC requirements for appropriation to
statutory reserve. As a result of these and other restrictions
under PRC laws and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries are
restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net
assets to the Company either in the form of dividends, loans or
advances. The restricted net assets amounted to approximately
USD6,510 as of December 31, 2009.
The condensed financial statements of the Company have been
prepared in accordance with SEC
Regulation S-X
Rule 5-04
and
Rule 12-04.
The Company records its investments in subsidiaries under the
equity method of accounting as prescribed in FASB ASC 323,
Investments. Such investments to subsidiaries are presented on
the balance sheet as “Investment in
F-37
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
subsidiaries” and the profit of the subsidiaries is
presented as “Equity in profit of subsidiaries” on the
statement of operations.
The footnote disclosures contain supplemental information
relating to the operations of the Company and, as such, these
statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company. Certain
information and footnote disclosures normally included in
financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP have
been condensed or omitted.
As of December 31, 2008 and 2009, there were no material
contingencies, significant provisions for long-term obligations,
or guarantees of the Company, except for those which have been
separately disclosed in the Consolidated Financial Statements,
if any.
|
|
a)
|
Condensed
Balance Sheets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
(amounts in thousands of USD, except number of shares and
|
|
|
|
per share data)
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
10,275
|
|
|
|
19,606
|
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Restricted cash
|
|
|
350
|
|
|
|
350
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
4,894
|
|
|
|
4,600
|
|
Inventories
|
|
|
8,082
|
|
|
|
25,403
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
1,130
|
|
Amount due from related parties
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,513
|
|
Deferred tax assets
|
|
|
200
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
23,825
|
|
|
|
52,602
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment in subsidiaries
|
|
|
5,790
|
|
|
|
6,510
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
29,615
|
|
|
|
59,112
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
7,585
|
|
|
|
20,171
|
|
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
|
|
|
3,159
|
|
|
|
6,542
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
2,624
|
|
|
|
5,419
|
|
Amount due to related parties
|
|
|
1,549
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
14,917
|
|
|
|
32,132
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
14,917
|
|
|
|
32,132
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-38
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
(amounts in thousands of USD, except number of shares and
|
|
|
|
per share data)
|
|
|
CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED SHARES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A Preferred Shares, USD0.01 par value;
142,500,000 shares authorized, 94,648,784 shares
issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2008 and 2009,
and June 30, 2010; none (unaudited) outstanding on a pro
forma basis as of June 30, 2010 (Liquidation value: 13,255,
14,049 and 14,446 as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and
June 30, 2010)
|
|
|
12,880
|
|
|
|
12,880
|
|
Series B Preferred Shares, USD0.01 par value;
35,000,000 shares authorized, 32,972,304 shares issued
and outstanding as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and
June 30, 2010; none (unaudited) outstanding on a pro forma
basis as of June 30, 2010 (Liquidation value: 6,355, 6,791
and 7,009 as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and
June 30, 2010)
|
|
|
6,281
|
|
|
|
6,281
|
|
Series C Preferred Shares, USD0.01 par value;
31,000,000 shares authorized, 30,008,554 shares issued
and outstanding as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and
June 30, 2010; none (unaudited) outstanding on a pro forma
basis as of June 30, 2010 (Liquidation value: 11,533,
12,333 and 12,733 as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, and
June 30, 2010)
|
|
|
11,157
|
|
|
|
11,157
|
|
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY / (DEFICIT)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary shares, (USD0.01 par value;
261,500,000 shares authorized, 37,434,517 shares
issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2008,
50,333,579 shares issued and outstanding as of
December 31, 2009, and 52,284,221 shares issued and
outstanding as of June 30, 2010; 209,913,863 (unaudited)
shares outstanding on a pro forma basis as of June 30, 2010)
|
|
|
374
|
|
|
|
503
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
2,582
|
|
|
|
5,090
|
|
Recourse loans
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,667
|
)
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
|
466
|
|
|
|
472
|
|
Retained earnings / (Accumulated deficit)
|
|
|
(19,042
|
)
|
|
|
(7,736
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders’ equity / (deficit)
|
|
|
(15,620
|
)
|
|
|
(3,338
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities, convertible redeemable preferred shares
and shareholders’ equity /(deficit)
|
|
|
29,615
|
|
|
|
59,112
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-39
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
|
|
b)
|
Condensed
Statements of Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
(amounts in thousands of USD, except number of shares and per
share data)
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
|
13,642
|
|
|
|
55,395
|
|
|
|
118,250
|
|
Cost of revenue
|
|
|
(8,812
|
)
|
|
|
(37,499
|
)
|
|
|
(87,350
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
4,830
|
|
|
|
17,896
|
|
|
|
30,900
|
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
(9,309
|
)
|
|
|
(16,364
|
)
|
|
|
(17,587
|
)
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
(793
|
)
|
|
|
(2,336
|
)
|
|
|
(2,140
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10,102
|
)
|
|
|
(18,700
|
)
|
|
|
(19,727
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) from operations
|
|
|
(5,272
|
)
|
|
|
(804
|
)
|
|
|
11,173
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
240
|
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
Other income/(expenses), net
|
|
|
(11
|
)
|
|
|
(19
|
)
|
|
|
(207
|
)
|
Investment loss
|
|
|
(316
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) before income tax expense
|
|
|
(5,359
|
)
|
|
|
(790
|
)
|
|
|
10,981
|
|
Income tax benefit/(expense)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
203
|
|
|
|
(389
|
)
|
Equity in profit of subsidiaries
|
|
|
858
|
|
|
|
1,244
|
|
|
|
714
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss)
|
|
|
(4,501
|
)
|
|
|
657
|
|
|
|
11,306
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
c)
|
Condensed
Statements of Cash Flows
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
(amounts in thousands of USD, except number of shares and per
share data)
|
|
|
Net cash from operating activities
|
|
|
5,871
|
|
|
|
2,809
|
|
|
|
9,198
|
|
Net cash from investing activities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Net cash from financing activities
|
|
|
445
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
133
|
|
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash
equivalents
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
6,316
|
|
|
|
2,809
|
|
|
|
9,331
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents — beginning of period
|
|
|
1,150
|
|
|
|
7,466
|
|
|
|
10,275
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents — end of period
|
|
|
7,466
|
|
|
|
10,275
|
|
|
|
19,606
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-40
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009 AND
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 (UNAUDITED),
AND JUNE 30, 2010 (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)
|
|
19.
|
Pro-Forma
for Conversion of Preferred Shares (Unaudited)
|
The Preferred Shares shall automatically be converted into
ordinary shares based on the then effective conversion ratio
immediately upon the closing of a Qualified IPO. A Qualified IPO
is defined as a public offering on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
or other internationally recognized stock exchange with gross
proceeds to Company in excess of USD50,000 and a minimum fully
distributed market capitalization of USD200,000. The unaudited
pro forma balance sheet as of June 30, 2010 assumes a
Qualified IPO has occurred and presents an as adjusted financial
position as if the conversion of the preferred shares into
ordinary shares occurred on June 30, 2010 at the then
conversion ratio of 1 for 1. Accordingly, the carrying value of
the preferred shares, in the amount of USD30,318 was
reclassified to Preferred Shares to ordinary shares for such pro
forma adjustment.
The unaudited pro forma earnings per share for the year ended
December 31, 2009 and the six months ended June 30,
2010 after giving effect to the conversion of the Preferred
Shares into ordinary shares as of inception at the conversion
ratio of 1 for 1 was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended
|
|
|
For the Six Months
|
|
|
|
December 31,
2009
|
|
|
Ended June 30,
2010
|
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
unaudited
|
|
|
Numerator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Actual net income attributable to ordinary shareholders
|
|
|
1,827
|
|
|
|
1,811
|
|
Pro forma effect of the Preferred Shares
|
|
|
9,479
|
|
|
|
6,562
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Numerator for pro forma basic and diluted calculation
|
|
|
11,306
|
|
|
|
8,373
|
|
Denominator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Actual weighted average ordinary shares outstanding for basic
calculation
|
|
|
38,671,413
|
|
|
|
51,471,454
|
|
Pro forma effect of the Preferred Shares
|
|
|
157,629,642
|
|
|
|
157,629,642
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator for pro forma basic calculation
|
|
|
196,301,055
|
|
|
|
209,101,096
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Actual denominator for diluted calculation
|
|
|
58,901,016
|
|
|
|
66,043,660
|
|
Pro forma effect of share options
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Pro forma effect of the Preferred Shares
|
|
|
157,629,642
|
|
|
|
157,629,642
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator for pro forma diluted calculation
|
|
|
216,530,658
|
|
|
|
223,673,302
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro-forma basic earnings per ordinary share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro-forma diluted earnings per ordinary share
|
|
|
0.06
|
|
|
|
0.04
|
|
|
|
|
0.05
|
|
|
|
0.04
|
|
* * * * *
F-41
PART II
INFORMATION
NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
|
|
Item 6.
|
Indemnification
of Directors and Officers.
|
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a
company’s articles of association may provide for
indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent
any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to
be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification
against civil fraud or the consequences or committing a crime.
Our amended and restated articles of association provide for
indemnification of officers and directors for losses, damages,
costs and expenses incurred in their capacities as such, except
through their own willful neglect or default.
Pursuant to indemnification agreements, the form of which is
filed as Exhibit 10.3 to this Registration Statement, we
will agree to indemnify our directors and officers against
certain liabilities and expenses incurred by such persons in
connection with claims made by reason of their being such a
director or officer.
The underwriting agreement, the form of which will be filed as
Exhibit 1.1 to this Registration Statement, will also
provide for indemnification of us and our officers and directors.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities
Act”) may be permitted to directors, officers or persons
controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have
been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
|
|
Item 7.
|
Recent
Sales of Unregistered Securities.
|
During the past three years, we have issued the following
securities (including options to acquire our ordinary shares).
We believe that each of the following issuances was exempt from
registration under the Securities Act in reliance on
Regulation D under the Securities Act or pursuant to
Section 4(2) of the Securities Act regarding transactions
not involving a public offering or in reliance on
Regulation S under the Securities Act regarding sales by an
issuer in offshore transactions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date of
|
|
Type and
|
|
|
|
Underwriting
|
|
|
Sale or
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
Discount and
|
Purchaser
|
|
Issuance
|
|
Securities
|
|
Consideration
|
|
Commission
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
|
Warburg Pincus Private Equity VIII, L.P.
|
|
January
2007
|
|
7,270,331 Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares
|
|
|
2,422,753
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
Warburg Pincus Netherlands Private Equity VIII I, C.V.
|
|
January
2007
|
|
210,734 Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares
|
|
|
70,225
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
WP-WPVIII Investors, L.P. (as successor in interest to Warburg
Pincus Germany Private Equity VIII, K.G.)
|
|
January
2007
|
|
21,073 Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares
|
|
|
7,022
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
Warburg Pincus International Partners, L.P.
|
|
January
2007
|
|
7,190,950 Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares
|
|
|
2,396,300
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
II-1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date of
|
|
Type and
|
|
|
|
Underwriting
|
|
|
Sale or
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
Discount and
|
Purchaser
|
|
Issuance
|
|
Securities
|
|
Consideration
|
|
Commission
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
|
Warburg Pincus Netherlands International Partners I,
C.V.
|
|
January
2007
|
|
300,086 Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
WP-WPIP Investors L.P. (as successor in interest to Warburg
Pincus Germany International Partners, K.G.)
|
|
January
2007
|
|
11,103 Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares
|
|
|
3,700
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
IDG-ACCEL China Growth Fund L.P.
|
|
January
2007
|
|
11,563,796 Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares
|
|
|
3,853,500
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
IDG-ACCEL China Growth Fund-A L.P.
|
|
January
2007
|
|
2,363,174 Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares
|
|
|
787,500
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
IDG-ACCEL China Investors L.P.
|
|
January
2007
|
|
1,077,307 Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares
|
|
|
359,000
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
Executive officers and employees
|
|
September
2007
|
|
Options to purchase 10,100,937 ordinary shares
|
|
|
Past and future
services to our
company
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
Executive officers and employees
|
|
August
2009
|
|
Options to purchase 670,000 ordinary shares
|
|
|
Past and future
services to our
company
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
Executive officers and employees
|
|
November
2009
|
|
Restricted share units representing 5,903,587 ordinary shares
|
|
|
Past and future
services to our
company
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
Executive officers and employees
|
|
December
2009
|
|
12,899,062 ordinary shares upon exercise of vested stock options
|
|
|
1,794,639
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
Executive officers
|
|
January
2010
|
|
1,356,547 restricted shares
|
|
|
Past and future
services to our
company
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
Employees
|
|
January
2010
|
|
Restricted share units representing 108,107 ordinary shares
|
|
|
Past and future
services to our
company
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
Zhangjiang RDK Company Limited
|
|
March
2010
|
|
1,950,642 ordinary shares
|
|
|
4,200,000
|
|
|
Not applicable
|
II-2
|
|
Item 8.
|
Exhibits and
Financial Statement Schedules.
|
(a) Exhibits
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description of Document
|
|
|
1
|
.1*
|
|
Form of Underwriting Agreement.
|
|
3
|
.1
|
|
Third Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of
Association of the Registrant, as currently in effect.
|
|
3
|
.2
|
|
Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of
the Registrant, as effective upon the completion of this
offering.
|
|
4
|
.1*
|
|
Registrant’s Specimen American Depositary Receipt (included
in Exhibit 4.3).
|
|
4
|
.2*
|
|
Registrant’s Specimen Certificate for Ordinary Shares.
|
|
4
|
.3*
|
|
Deposit Agreement, dated as
of ,
2010, among the Registrant, the depositary and holder of the
American Depositary Receipts.
|
|
4
|
.4
|
|
Second Amended and Restated Shareholders Agreement dated as of
February 25, 2010 among the Registrant, certain of the
Registrant’s ordinary shareholders and all of its preferred
shareholders and RDA Microelectronics (BVI) Inc., RDA
International, Inc., RDA Technologies Limited, RDA
Microelectronics (Shanghai) Ltd. and RDA Microelectronics
(Beijing) Co., Ltd.
|
|
5
|
.1
|
|
Opinion of Conyers Dill & Pearman regarding the validity of
the ordinary shares being registered.
|
|
8
|
.1
|
|
Opinion of Conyers Dill & Pearman regarding certain Cayman
Islands tax matters (included in Exhibit 5.1).
|
|
8
|
.2
|
|
Opinion of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
regarding certain U.S. tax matters.
|
|
10
|
.1
|
|
2005 Share Option Scheme.
|
|
10
|
.2
|
|
2009 Share Incentive Plan.
|
|
10
|
.3
|
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement with the Registrant’s
directors and officers.
|
|
10
|
.4
|
|
Form of Employment Agreement between the Registrant and an
Executive Officer of the Registrant.
|
|
10
|
.5
|
|
Technology License Agreement between the Registrant and ARM
Limited dated February 26, 2008.
|
|
10
|
.6†
|
|
Annex to Technology License Agreement between the Registrant and
ARM Limited dated June 22, 2009.
|
|
10
|
.7†
|
|
Annex to Technology License Agreement between the Registrant and
ARM Limited dated June 22, 2009.
|
|
10
|
.8
|
|
Distribution agreement dated as of June 3, 2005 between RDA
Microelectronics (BVI) Inc. (formerly known as RDA
Microelectronics, Inc.) and Arrow Asia Pacific Inc.
|
|
10
|
.9
|
|
Distribution agreement dated as of March 25, 2008 between
RDA Technologies Limited and Auctus Technologies (Hong Kong)
Limited.
|
|
10
|
.10
|
|
Distribution agreement dated as of May 6, 2008 between RDA
Technologies Limited and Giatek Corporation Ltd.
|
|
10
|
.11†
|
|
License agreement dated as of May 12, 2010, between RDA
Technologies Limited and Silicon Laboratories Inc.
|
|
10
|
.12
|
|
Distribution agreement dated as of September 3, 2010
between RDA Technologies Limited and China Achieve Limited.
|
|
10
|
.13
|
|
Distribution agreement dated as of August 27, 2010 between
RDA Technologies Limited and Versatech Microelectronics Limited.
|
|
21
|
.1
|
|
Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
|
|
23
|
.1
|
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited
Company, an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
|
II-3
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description of Document
|
|
|
23
|
.2
|
|
Consent of Conyers Dill & Pearman (included in
Exhibit 5.1).
|
|
23
|
.3
|
|
Consent of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
(included in Exhibit 8.2).
|
|
23
|
.4
|
|
Consent of Jun He Law Offices.
|
|
23
|
.5
|
|
Consent of Kern Lim to be named to become a director.
|
|
23
|
.6
|
|
Consent of Kin-Wah Loh to be named to become a director.
|
|
23
|
.7
|
|
Consent of Peter Wan to be named to become a director.
|
|
24
|
.1
|
|
Powers of Attorney (included on signature page).
|
|
99
|
.1
|
|
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of the Registrant.
|
|
99
|
.2
|
|
Opinion of Jun He Law Offices regarding certain PRC law matters
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
To be filed by amendment.
|
†
|
|
Confidential treatment has been
requested for certain portions of this exhibit pursuant to
Rule 406 under the Securities Act. In accordance with
Rule 406, these confidential portions have been omitted and
filed separately with the Commission.
|
(b) Financial Statement Schedules
Schedules have been omitted because the information required to
be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the
Consolidated Financial Statements or the Notes thereto.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the
underwriter at the closing specified in the underwriting
agreements, certificates in such denominations and registered in
such names as required by the underwriter to permit prompt
delivery to each purchaser.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and
controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the provisions
described in Item 6, or otherwise, the registrant has been
advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is
against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is
therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment
by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director,
officer or controlling person of the registrant in the
successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is
asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in
connection with the securities being registered, the registrant
will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been
settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in
the Securities Act and will be governed by the final
adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of
prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in
reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of
prospectus filed by the registrant under Rule 424(b)(1) or
(4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to
be part of this registration statement as of the time it was
declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a
form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration
statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be
the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) For the purpose of determining liability under the
Securities Act to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant
to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating
to an offering, other than registration statements relying on
Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on
Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in
the registration statement as of the date it is first used after
effectiveness; provided, however, that no statement made
in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the
registration
II-4
statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed
incorporated by reference into the registration statement or
prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as
to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such
first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in
the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the
registration statement or made in any such document immediately
prior to such date of first use.
(4) For the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of
the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a
primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant
pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the
underwriting method used to sell the securities to the
purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such
purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the
undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and
will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such
purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the
undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be
filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering
prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used
or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus
relating to the offering containing material information about
the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on
behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the
offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
II-5
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the
registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe
that it meets all of the requirements for filing on
Form F-1
and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in
Shanghai, China, on October 21, 2010.
RDA MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
Name: Vincent Tai
Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF
ATTORNEY
Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and
appoints Lily (Li) Dong and Gordon (Yi) Ding as
attorneys-in-fact with full power of substitution, for him or
her in any and all capacities, to do any and all acts and all
things and to execute any and all instruments which said
attorney and agent may deem necessary or desirable to enable the
registrant to comply with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(the “Securities Act”), and any rules, regulations and
requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission
thereunder, in connection with the registration under the
Securities Act of ordinary shares of the registrant (the
“Shares”), including, without limitation, the power
and authority to sign the name of each of the undersigned in the
capacities indicated below to the Registration Statement on
Form F-1
(the “Registration Statement”) to be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to such Shares,
to any and all amendments or supplements to such Registration
Statement, whether such amendments or supplements are filed
before or after the effective date of such Registration
Statement, to any related Registration Statement filed pursuant
to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, and to any and all
instruments or documents filed as part of or in connection with
such Registration Statement or any and all amendments thereto,
whether such amendments are filed before or after the effective
date of such Registration Statement; and each of the undersigned
hereby ratifies and confirms all that such attorney and agent
shall do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this
Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons
in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Signature
|
|
Title
|
|
Date
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Vincent
Tai
Name:
Vincent Tai
|
|
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)
|
|
October 21, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Lily
(Li) Dong
Name:
Lily (Li) Dong
|
|
Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial and accounting officer)
|
|
October 21, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Shuran
Wei
Name:
Shuran Wei
|
|
Chief Technology Officer and Director
|
|
October 21, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Julian
Cheng
Name:
Julian Cheng
|
|
Director
|
|
October 21, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Gordon
(Yi) Ding
Name:
Gordon (Yi) Ding
|
|
Director
|
|
October 21, 2010
|
II-6
SIGNATURE
OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED STATES
Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, the undersigned, the
duly authorized representative in the United States of RDA
Microelectronics, Inc. has signed this registration statement or
amendment thereto in New York on October 21, 2010.
Authorized U.S. Representative
Name: Kate Ledyard
Title: Manager
Law Debenture
Corporate Services Inc.
II-7
RDA
MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description of Document
|
|
|
1
|
.1*
|
|
Form of Underwriting Agreement.
|
|
3
|
.1
|
|
Third Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of
Association of the Registrant, as currently in effect.
|
|
3
|
.2
|
|
Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of
the Registrant, as effective upon the completion of this
offering.
|
|
4
|
.1*
|
|
Registrant’s Specimen American Depositary Receipt (included
in Exhibit 4.3).
|
|
4
|
.2*
|
|
Registrant’s Specimen Certificate for Ordinary Shares.
|
|
4
|
.3*
|
|
Deposit Agreement, dated as
of ,
2010, among the Registrant, the depositary and holder of the
American Depositary Receipts.
|
|
4
|
.4
|
|
Second Amended and Restated Shareholders Agreement dated as of
February 25, 2010 among the Registrant, certain of the
Registrant’s ordinary shareholders and all of its preferred
shareholders and RDA Microelectronics (BVI) Inc., RDA
International, Inc., RDA Technologies Limited, RDA
Microelectronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and RDA Microelectronics
(Beijing) Co., Ltd.
|
|
5
|
.1
|
|
Opinion of Conyers Dill & Pearman regarding the
validity of the ordinary shares being registered.
|
|
8
|
.1
|
|
Opinion of Conyers Dill & Pearman regarding certain
Cayman Islands tax matters (included in Exhibit 5.1).
|
|
8
|
.2
|
|
Opinion of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
regarding certain U.S. tax matters.
|
|
10
|
.1
|
|
2005 Share Option Scheme.
|
|
10
|
.2
|
|
2009 Share Incentive Plan.
|
|
10
|
.3
|
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement with the Registrant’s
directors and officers.
|
|
10
|
.4
|
|
Form of Employment Agreement between the Registrant and an
Executive Officer of the Registrant.
|
|
10
|
.5
|
|
Technology License Agreement between the Registrant and ARM
Limited dated February 26, 2008.
|
|
10
|
.6†
|
|
Annex to Technology License Agreement between the Registrant and
ARM Limited dated June 22, 2009.
|
|
10
|
.7†
|
|
Annex to Technology License Agreement between the Registrant and
ARM Limited dated June 22, 2009.
|
|
10
|
.8
|
|
Distribution agreement dated as of June 3, 2005 between RDA
Microelectronics (BVI) Inc. (formerly known as RDA
Microelectronics, Inc.) and Arrow Asia Pacific Inc.
|
|
10
|
.9
|
|
Distribution agreement dated as of March 25, 2008 between
RDA Technologies Limited and Auctus Technologies (Hong Kong)
Limited.
|
|
10
|
.10
|
|
Distribution agreement dated as of May 6, 2008 between RDA
Technologies Limited and Giatek Corporation Ltd.
|
|
10
|
.11†
|
|
License agreement dated as of May 12, 2010, between RDA
Technologies Limited and Silicon Laboratories Inc.
|
|
10
|
.12
|
|
Distribution agreement dated as of September 3, 2010
between RDA Technologies Limited and China Achieve Limited.
|
|
10
|
.13
|
|
Distribution agreement dated as of August 27, 2010 between
RDA Technologies Limited and Versatech Microelectronics Limited.
|
|
21
|
.1
|
|
Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
|
II-8
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description of Document
|
|
|
23
|
.1
|
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited
Company, an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
|
|
23
|
.2
|
|
Consent of Conyers Dill & Pearman (included in
Exhibit 5.1).
|
|
23
|
.3
|
|
Consent of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
(included in Exhibit 8.2).
|
|
23
|
.4
|
|
Consent of Jun He Law Offices.
|
|
23
|
.5
|
|
Consent of Kern Lim to be named to become a director.
|
|
23
|
.6
|
|
Consent of Kin-Wah Loh to be named to become a director.
|
|
23
|
.7
|
|
Consent of Peter Wan to be named to become a director.
|
|
24
|
.1
|
|
Powers of Attorney (included on signature page).
|
|
99
|
.1
|
|
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of the Registrant.
|
|
99
|
.2
|
|
Opinion of Jun He Law Offices regarding certain PRC law matters
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
To be filed by amendment.
|
†
|
|
Confidential treatment has been
requested for certain portions of this exhibit pursuant to
Rule 406 under the Securities Act. In accordance with
Rule 406, these confidential portions have been omitted and
filed separately with the Commission.
|
II-9