10-Q 1 form10-q.htm form10-q.htm



UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
 
     
(Mark One)
   
x
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2012
OR
o
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from          to
 
Commission File Number:  001-33756
 
 
Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
 
Delaware
 
61-1521161
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
5847 San Felipe, Suite 3000
Houston, Texas
 
77057
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
(Zip Code)
 
 (832) 327-2255
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    x   Yes   o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
x   Yes   o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer x
Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  
o  Yes   x  No

 Common units outstanding on August 1, 2012: 51,641,349. 

 
 

 

4
VANGUARD NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
   
Page
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
     

 
 

 
 

Below is a list of terms that are common to our industry and used throughout this document:
 
/day
= per day
 
Mcf
= thousand cubic feet
         
Bbls
= barrels
 
Mcfe
= thousand cubic feet of natural gas equivalents
         
BOE
= barrel of oil equivalent
 
MMBOE
= million barrels of oil equivalent
         
Btu
= British thermal unit
 
MMBtu
= million British thermal units
         
MBbls
= thousand barrels
 
MMcf
= million cubic feet
         
MBOE
= thousand barrels of oil equivalent
 
 NGLs
 = natural gas liquids
         

When we refer to oil, natural gas and NGLs in “equivalents,” we are doing so to compare quantities of natural gas with quantities of NGLs and oil or to express these different commodities in a common unit. In calculating equivalents, we use a generally recognized standard in which 42 gallons is equal to one Bbl of oil or one Bbl of NGLs and one Bbl of oil or one Bbl of NGLs is equal to six Mcf of natural gas. Also, when we refer to cubic feet measurements, all measurements are at a pressure of 14.73 pounds per square inch.

References in this report to “us,” “we,” “our,” “the Company,” “Vanguard” or “VNR” are to Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC and its subsidiaries, including Vanguard Natural Gas, LLC (“VNG”), VNR Holdings, LLC (“VNRH”), Vanguard Permian, LLC (“Vanguard Permian”), VNR Finance Corp. (“VNRF”), Encore Energy Partners Operating LLC and Encore Clear Fork Pipeline LLC.

 
 
 

 

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements and information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may constitute “forward-looking statements.” Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical facts (including any statements concerning plans and objectives of management for future operations or economic performance, or assumptions or forecasts related thereto), including, without limitation, the information set forth in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, are forward-looking statements. These statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology including “may,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “continue,” or other similar words. These statements discuss future expectations, contain projections of results of operations or of financial condition or state other “forward-looking” information. We and our representatives may from time to time make other oral or written statements that are also forward-looking statements.

Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated as of the date of this report. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct. Important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements include, among other things, those set forth in the Risk Factors section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 (the “2011 Annual Report”), our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and those set forth from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which are available on our website at www.vnrllc.com and through the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering and Retrieval System at www.sec.gov.

All forward-looking statements included in this report are based on information available to us on the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained throughout this report.
 

 
 

 


 
 



   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
   
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
  
 
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
Revenues:
 
 
   
 
             
Oil, natural gas and NGLs sales
  $ 66,441     $ 80,371     $ 149,158     $ 152,410  
Loss on commodity cash flow hedges
          (601 )           (1,672 )
Realized gain (loss) on commodity derivative contracts
    2,165       1,193       (1,074 )     2,572  
Unrealized gain (loss) on commodity derivative contracts
    83,309       31,546       60,575       (41,014 )
Total revenues
    151,915       112,509       208,659       112,296  
                                 
Costs and expenses:
                               
Production:
                               
    Lease operating expenses
    16,681       15,120       35,240       27,452  
    Production and other taxes
    7,251       7,404       14,111       13,626  
Depreciation, depletion, amortization, and accretion
    20,855       21,551       42,652       41,378  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    4,827       7,346       9,799       12,222  
Total costs and expenses
    49,614       51,421       101,802       94,678  
                                 
Income from operations
    102,301       61,088       106,857       17,618  
                                 
Other income (expense):
                               
Interest expense
    (9,830 )     (6,841 )     (15,159 )     (13,628 )
Realized loss on interest rate derivative contracts
    (566 )     (612 )     (1,142 )     (1,505 )
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate derivative contracts
    (2,623 )     (803 )     (3,044 )     299  
Net gain (loss) on acquisition of oil and natural gas properties
    14,126       (870 )     13,796       (870 )
Other
    39       8       115       6  
Total other income (expense)
    1,146       (9,118 )     (5,434 )     (15,698 )
                                 
Net income
    103,447       51,970       101,423       1,920  
Less:
                               
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest
          20,171             533  
Net income attributable to Vanguard unitholders
  $ 103,447     $ 31,799     $ 101,423     $ 1,387  
                                 
Net income per Common and Class B units – basic
  $ 1.99     $ 1.05     $ 1.94     $ 0.05  
Net income per Common and Class B units – diluted
  $ 1.98     $ 1.05     $ 1.94     $ 0.05  
                                 
Weighted average units outstanding:
                               
Common units – basic
    51,611       29,810       51,839       29,768  
Common units – diluted
    51,781       29,953       51,892       29,834  
Class B units – basic & diluted
    420       420       420       420  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 
3

 


   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
   
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2012
   
2011
     
2012
     
2011
 
                             
Net income
 
$
103,447
   
$
51,970
   
$
101,423
   
$
1,920
 
                                 
Net gains from derivative contracts:
                               
Reclassification adjustments for settlements
   
     
601
     
     
1,633
 
Other comprehensive income
   
     
601
     
     
1,633
 
                                 
Comprehensive income
 
$
103,447
   
52,571
   
$
101,423
   
$
3,553
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 
4

 

   
June 30,
2012
   
December 31,
2011
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
Assets
           
Current assets
           
Cash and cash equivalents
  $     $ 2,851  
Trade accounts receivable, net
    48,152       48,046  
Derivative assets
    75,132       2,333  
Other current assets
    2,817       3,462  
Total current assets
    126,101       56,692  
                 
Oil and natural gas properties, at cost
    1,748,926       1,549,821  
Accumulated depletion
    (242,079 )     (331,836 )
Oil and natural gas properties evaluated, net – full cost method
    1,506,847       1,217,985  
                 
Other assets
               
Goodwill
    420,955       420,955  
Derivative assets
    71,217       1,105  
Other assets
    32,677       19,626  
Total assets
  $ 2,157,797     $ 1,716,363  
                 
Liabilities and members’ equity
               
Current liabilities
               
Accounts payable: 
               
  Trade
  $ 4,869     $ 7,867  
  Affiliate
    243       718  
Accrued liabilities:
               
  Lease operating
    5,659       5,828  
  Developmental capital
    7,049       563  
  Interest
    6,704       103  
  Production and other taxes
    11,774       12,768  
Derivative liabilities
    2,705       12,774  
Deferred swap premium liability
    274       275  
Oil and natural gas revenue payable
    7,515       505  
Other
    5,692       4,437  
Total current liabilities
    52,484       45,838  
                 
Long-term debt
    734,000       771,000  
Senior notes, net of discount
    347,514        
Derivative liabilities
    6,891       20,553  
Asset retirement obligations, net of current portion
    43,793       34,776  
Other long-term liabilities
    3,442       275  
Total liabilities
    1,188,124       872,442  
                 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
               
                 
Members’ equity
               
Members’ capital, 51,620,976 common units issued and outstanding at June 30, 2012 and 48,320,104 at December 31, 2011
    965,961       839,714  
Class B units, 420,000 issued and outstanding at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011
    3,712       4,207  
Total members’ equity
    969,673       843,921  
Total liabilities and members’ equity
  $ 2,157,797     $ 1,716,363  

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 
5

 


   
Common Units
   
Common Units Amount
   
Class B Units
   
Class B Units Amount
   
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
   
Non-controlling Interest
   
Total Members’ Equity
 
Balance at December 31, 2010
    29,666     $ 318,597       420     $ 5,166     $ (3,032 )   $ 548,662     $ 869,393  
Distributions to members ($0.56 per unit to unitholders of record February 7, 2011, $0.57 per unit to unitholders of record May 6, 2011, $0.575 per unit to unitholders of record August 5, 2011, $0.5775 per unit to unitholders of record November 7, 2011)
          (68,068 )           (959 )                 (69,027 )
Issuance of common units in connection with the ENP Merger and equity offering, net of merger costs of $2,503 and offering costs of $126
    18,439       524,697                         (527,326 )     (2,629 )
Unit-based compensation
    215       2,425                               2,425  
Net income
          62,063                         26,067       88,130  
Settlement of cash flow hedges in other comprehensive income
                            3,032             3,032  
ENP cash distribution to non-controlling interest
                                  (47,403 )     (47,403 )
Balance at December 31, 2011
    48,320     $ 839,714       420     $ 4,207     $     $     $ 843,921  
Distributions to members ($0.5875 per unit to unitholders of record February 7, 2012, $0.5925 per unit to unitholders of record May 8, 2012)
          (62,136 )           (495 )                 (62,631 )
Issuance of common units, net of offering costs of $763
    5,181       137,862                               137,862  
Common units received in exchange for Appalachian Basin properties
    (1,900 )     (52,478 )                             (52,478 )
Unit-based compensation
    20       1,576                               1,576  
Net income
          101,423                               101,423  
Balance at June 30, 2012
    51,621     $ 965,961       420     $ 3,712     $     $     $ 969,673  


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 
6

 

   
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
   
2012
   
2011
 
Operating activities
           
Net income
  $ 101,423     $ 1,920  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation, depletion, amortization, and accretion
    42,652       41,378  
Amortization of deferred financing costs
    1,405       2,096  
Amortization of debt discount
    55        
Deferred taxes
    (124 )     14  
Unit-based compensation
    1,576       1,146  
Non-cash compensation associated with phantom units granted to officers
    242       233  
Amortization of premiums paid on derivative contracts
    6,959       4,838  
Amortization of value on derivative contracts acquired
          118  
Unrealized (gains) losses on commodity and interest rate derivative contracts
    (57,531 )     40,715  
Net (gain) loss on acquisition of oil and natural gas properties
    (13,796 )     870  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
Trade accounts receivable
    4,994       (4,703 )
Payables to affiliates
    (1,436 )     734  
Other current assets
    399       (126 )
Price risk management activities, net
    (5,289 )     (947 )
Accounts payable and oil and natural gas revenue payable
    4,345       (1,900 )
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
    11,260       (1,533 )
Other assets
    424       6  
Net cash provided by operating activities
    97,558       84,859  
                 
Investing activities
               
Additions to property and equipment
    (286 )     (499 )
Additions to oil and natural gas properties
    (23,360 )     (8,729 )
Acquisitions of oil and natural gas properties and derivative contracts
    (453,040 )     (12,042 )
Deposits and prepayments of oil and natural gas properties
    (4,411 )     (10,689 )
Proceeds from the sale of oil and natural gas properties
    5,377       4,975  
Net cash used in investing activities
    (475,720 )     (26,984 )
                 
Financing activities
               
Proceeds from borrowings
    508,500       197,000  
Repayment of debt
    (545,500 )     (192,500 )
Proceeds from Senior Notes, net of discount
    347,459        
Proceeds from equity offering, net
    137,862       (87 )
Distributions to members
    (62,631 )     (34,121 )
Financing fees
    (10,379 )     (220 )
ENP distributions to non-controlling interest
          (24,315 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    375,311       (54,243 )
                 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (2,851 )     3,632  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    2,851       1,828  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $     $ 5,460  
                 
Supplemental cash flow information:
               
Cash paid for interest
  $ 7,123     $ 11,267  
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
               
Asset retirement obligations
  $ 9,398     $ 406  
Deferred swap premium
  $     $ 1,096  
Common units received in exchange for Appalachian Basin properties
  $ 52,478     $  

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 
7

 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
(Unaudited)

Description of the Business:

We are a publicly traded limited liability company focused on the acquisition and development of mature, long-lived oil and natural gas properties in the United States. Our primary business objective is to generate stable cash flows allowing us to make quarterly cash distributions to our unitholders and, over time, increase our quarterly cash distributions through the acquisition of additional mature, long-lived oil and natural gas properties. Through our operating subsidiaries, we own properties and oil and natural gas reserves primarily located in six operating areas:

·  
the Permian Basin in West Texas and New Mexico;

·  
the Big Horn Basin in Wyoming and Montana;

·  
the Arkoma Basin in Arkansas and Oklahoma;

·  
the Williston Basin in North Dakota and Montana;

·  
Mississippi; and

·  
South Texas.
 
We previously owned properties and oil and natural gas reserves in the southern portion of the Appalachian Basin, primarily in southeast Kentucky and northeast Tennessee (the “Appalachian Basin”). In February 2012, we entered into a Unit Exchange Agreement with our founding unitholder to transfer our partnership interest in Trust Energy Company, LLC and Ariana Energy, LLC which controlled all of our ownership interests in oil and natural gas properties in the Appalachian Basin in exchange for 1.9 million of our common units valued at the closing price of $27.62 per unit at March 30, 2012, $52.5 million, with an effective date of January 1, 2012 (the “Unit Exchange”). The 1.9 million of our common units redeemed in the Unit Exchange have been cancelled and are no longer outstanding. We completed this transaction on March 30, 2012 for total non-cash consideration of $51.1 million, after closing adjustments of $1.4 million. This transaction was accounted for as a reduction to the full cost pool and no gain or loss was recognized because the assets transferred were not a significant portion of the full cost pool.

1.  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying financial statements are unaudited and were prepared from our records. We derived the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2011, from the audited financial statements filed in our 2011 Annual Report.  Because this is an interim period filing presented using a condensed format, it does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q along with our 2011 Annual Report, which contains a summary of our significant accounting policies and other disclosures. In our opinion, we have made all adjustments which are of a normal, recurring nature to fairly present our interim period results. Information for interim periods may not be indicative of our operating results for the entire year. Additionally, our financial statements for prior periods include reclassifications that were made to conform to the current period presentation. Those reclassifications did not impact our reported net income, members’ equity or net cash flows.

As of June 30, 2012, our significant accounting policies are consistent with those discussed in Note 1 of our consolidated financial statements contained in our 2011 Annual Report.

(a)  
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 include our accounts and those of our subsidiaries.  We present our financial statements in accordance with GAAP.  All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
  
(b)  
Use of Estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates pertain to proved oil, natural gas and NGLs reserves and related cash flow estimates used in impairment tests of oil and natural gas properties and goodwill, the acquisition of oil and natural gas properties, the fair value of derivative contracts and asset retirement obligations, accrued oil, natural gas and NGLs revenues and expenses, as well as estimates of expenses related to depreciation, depletion, amortization, and accretion. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 
8

 
(c)  
Non-controlling Interest:

On December 31, 2010, we acquired (the “ENP Purchase”) all of the member interests in Encore Energy Partners GP, LLC (“ENP GP”), the general partner of Encore Energy Partners LP (“ENP”), and 20,924,055 common units representing limited partnership interests in ENP (the “ENP Units”), together representing a 46.7% aggregate equity interest in ENP at the date of the ENP Purchase, from Denbury Resources Inc. Since the ENP Purchase, and prior to an internal reorganization whereby ENP GP and ENP were merged into VNG, we consolidated ENP as we had the ability to control the operating and financial decisions and policies of ENP through our ownership of ENP GP. As presented in the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, “net income attributable to non-controlling interest” of $20.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively, represents ENP's results of operations attributable to third-party owners other than Vanguard.

On December 1, 2011, we acquired the remaining 53.4% of the ENP Units not held by us through a merger (the “ENP Merger”) with one of our wholly owned subsidiaries. We refer to the ENP Purchase and ENP Merger collectively as the “ENP Acquisition.”

2.  
Acquisitions

On March 9, 2012, we entered into a definitive agreement with a private seller for the acquisition of certain oil and natural gas properties located in Wyoming. We refer to this acquisition as the “Wyoming II Acquisition.” We completed this acquisition on March 30, 2012 with an effective date of March 1, 2012 for an adjusted purchase price of $13.5 million. The purchase price was funded with borrowings under our Reserve-Based Credit Facility (defined in Note 3. Debt). In accordance with the guidance contained within ASC Topic 805, the measurement of the fair value at acquisition date of the assets acquired in the Wyoming II Acquisition as compared to the fair value of consideration transferred, adjusted for purchase price adjustments, resulted in goodwill of $0.3 million, which was immediately impaired and recorded as a loss in current period earnings and classified in other income and expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

On June 1, 2012, we entered into a purchase and sale agreement with Antero Resources LLC for the acquisition of natural gas and liquids properties in the Woodford Shale and Fayetteville Shale of the Arkoma Basin. We refer to this acquisition as the “Arkoma Basin Acquisition.” We completed this acquisition on June 29, 2012, and accordingly, no operations are included in the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2012. This acquisition had an effective date of April 1, 2012 and was purchased for an adjusted purchase price of $428.9 million, subject to customary post-closing adjustments to be determined. The purchase price was funded with borrowings under our Reserve-Based Credit Facility. Upon closing of this acquisition, we assumed natural gas swaps valued at $109.5 million on the closing date, which were restructured in July 2012 to cover 100% of the estimated natural gas production from existing producing wells in the acquired properties over the next five years. See Note 12. Subsequent Events for further discussion of this restructuring.

In accordance with the guidance contained within ASC Topic 805, the measurement of the fair value at acquisition date of the assets acquired in the Arkoma Basin Acquisition as compared to the fair value of consideration transferred, adjusted for purchase price adjustments, resulted in a gain of $14.1 million, as noted in the table below. The gain resulted primarily from changes in the value of derivative assets which were driven by corresponding natural gas prices and has been recognized in current period earnings and classified in other income and expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Fair value of assets and liabilities acquired:
 
(in thousands)
 
Oil and natural gas properties
  $ 346,506  
Derivative assets
    109,495  
Asset retirement obligations
    (9,484
Oil and natural gas revenue payable and imbalance liabilities
    (3,463 )
Total fair value of assets and liabilities acquired
    443,054  
Fair value of consideration transferred
    428,928  
Gain on acquisition
  $ 14,126  

 
9

 
In accordance with ASC Topic 805, presented below are unaudited pro forma results for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 to show the effect on our consolidated results of operations as if the Wyoming II and Arkoma Basin Acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2011 and all of our acquisitions during 2011 as listed below had occurred on January 1, 2010. For a complete description of these acquisitions please refer to footnote 2 of our consolidated financial statements contained in our 2011 Annual Report.

Acquisition
Closing Date
Newfield Acquisition
May 12, 2011
Permian Basin Acquisition I
July 29, 2011
Permian Basin Acquisition II
August 8, 2011
Wyoming I Acquisition
September 1, 2011
Gulf Coast Acquisition
August 31, 2011
North Dakota Acquisition
December 1, 2011
Parker Creek II Acquisition
December 22, 2011

The pro forma results reflect the results of combining our statement of operations with the results of operations from the oil and gas properties acquired, adjusted for (1) the assumption of asset retirement obligations and accretion expense for the properties acquired, (2) depletion expense applied to the adjusted basis of the properties acquired, (3) interest expense on additional borrowings necessary to finance the acquisitions and (4) interest expense on the Senior Notes (defined in Note 3. Debt), including the amortization of discount on bonds payable. As discussed in Note 3 of our consolidated financial statements, we used a portion of the net proceeds from the Senior Notes offering to repay all indebtedness outstanding under our Second Lien Term Loan (defined in Note 3. Debt) and applied the balance of the net proceeds to outstanding borrowings under our Reserve-Based Credit Facility. The repayment therefore resulted in an increase in the amount available for borrowing under our Reserve-Based Credit Facility. The pro forma results assume that the increase in borrowing capacity provides us available funding for the Arkoma Basin Acquisition. The unaudited pro forma results also reflect the impact of the Unit Exchange, including the elimination of the results of operations from the properties we previously owned in the Appalachian Basin and the receipt of the 1.9 million common units received as consideration for the exchange, as if it had occurred on January 1, 2011. The net gain (loss) on acquisition of oil and natural gas properties and material transactions costs related to the ENP Merger were excluded from the pro forma results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011. Additionally, the pro forma results are adjusted for the elimination of non-controlling interest in ENP for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and the impact of additional common units issued in connection with the ENP Merger. The pro forma information is based upon these assumptions and is not necessarily indicative of future results of operations:

 
Pro forma
(in thousands, except per unit data)
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
Total revenues
$
183,859
   
$
169,097
 
$
284,551
 
$
225,303
 
Net income
$
103,472
   
$
70,567
 
$
126,578
 
$
36,661
 
Net income per unit:
                       
Common & Class B units – basic
$
1.99
   
$
1.51
 
$
2.42
 
$
0.78
 
Common & Class B units – diluted
$
1.98
   
$
1.51
 
$
2.42
 
$
0.78
 

The amount of revenues and excess of revenues over direct operating expenses that were eliminated to reflect the impact of the Unit Exchange in the pro forma results presented above are as follows (in thousands):

   
Pro forma
(in thousands, except per unit data)
 
   
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
Revenues
  $     $ 5,488     $ 3,267     $ 10,471  
Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses
  $ (18 )   $ 1,854     $ (400 )   $ 3,335  

 
10

 
The amount of revenues and excess of revenues over direct operating expenses included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for all of our acquisitions are shown in the table that follows (in thousands). Direct operating expenses include lease operating expenses, selling, general and administrative expenses and production and other taxes.

   
Three Months Ended June 30,
   
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
Newfield Acquisition
                       
Revenues
  $ 440     $ 309     $ 910     $ 309  
Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses
  $ (93 )   $ 261     $ 327     $ 261  
Permian Basin Acquisition I
                               
Revenues
  $ 2,644     $     $ 7,026     $  
Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses
  $ 1,464     $     $ 4,722     $  
Permian Basin Acquisition II
                               
Revenues
  $ 375     $     $ 864     $  
Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses
  $ 104     $     $ 482     $  
Wyoming I Acquisition
                               
Revenues
  $ 766     $     $ 2,600     $  
Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses
  $ 466     $     $ 1,525     $  
Gulf Coast Acquisition
                               
Revenues
  $ 2,532     $     $ 5,684     $  
Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses
  $ 1,562     $     $ 3,281     $  
North Dakota Acquisition
                               
Revenues
  $ 577     $     $ 1,419     $  
Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses
  $ (179 )   $     $ 5     $  
Parker Creek II Acquisition
                               
Revenues
  $ 545     $     $ 1,084     $  
Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses
  $ 481     $     $ 951     $  
Wyoming II Acquisition
                               
Revenues
  $ 488     $     $ 496     $  
Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses
  $ 374     $     $ 382     $  
                                 

3.  
Debt

Our financing arrangements consisted of the following as of the date indicated: 

       
Amount Outstanding
Description
Interest Rate
Maturity Date
 
June 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
       
(in thousands)
Senior Secured Reserve-Based Credit Facility
Variable (1)
October 31, 2016
 
$
734,000
 
$
671,000
Second Lien Term Loan
Variable (2)
May 30, 2017
   
   
100,000
Senior Notes
7.875%  (3)
April 1, 2020
   
350,000
   
         
1,084,000
   
771,000
Unamortized discount on Senior Notes
       
(2,486
)
 
Total debt
     
$
1,081,514
 
$
771,000

(1)  
Variable interest rate was 2.50% and 2.55% at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
(2)  
Variable interest rate was 5.8% at December 31, 2011.
(3)  
Effective interest rate is 8.0%.

 
11

 
Senior Secured Reserve-Based Credit Facility
 
On September 30, 2011, we entered into the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with a maximum facility size of $1.5 billion (the “Reserve-Based Credit Facility”) and an initial borrowing base of $765.0 million. The Credit Agreement provides for the (1) extension of the maturity date by five years to October 31, 2016, (2) increase in the number of lenders from eight to twenty, (3) increase in the percentage of future production that can be hedged, (4) increase in the permitted debt to EBITDA coverage ratio from 3.5x to 4.0x, (5) elimination of the required interest coverage ratio, (6) elimination of the ten percent liquidity requirement to pay distributions to unitholders, and (7) ability to incur unsecured debt. Borrowings from this Reserve-Based Credit Facility and the Second Lien Term Loan facility (as discussed below) were used to fully repay outstanding borrowings from ENP’s senior secured revolving credit facility and Vanguard’s $175.0 million term loan. In November 2011, we entered into the First Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which included amendments to (a) specify the effective date of November 30, 2011, (b) allow us to use the proceeds from our Reserve-Based Credit Facility to refinance our debt under the Second Lien Term Loan facility, (c) include the current maturities under the Second Lien Term Loan in determining the consolidated current ratio, and (d) provide a cap on the amount of outstanding debt under the Second Lien Term Loan. Our obligations under the Reserve-Based Credit Facility are secured by mortgages on our oil and natural gas properties and other assets and are guaranteed by all of our operating subsidiaries. On March 30, 2012, the closing date of the Unit Exchange, our borrowing base was reduced to $740.0 million and was further reduced to $670.0 million in April 2012 as a result of the completion of our Senior Notes offering.

On June 29, 2012, in connection with the closing of the Arkoma Basin Acquisition, we entered into the Second Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”). The Second Amendment increased the borrowing base to $975.0 million from $670.0 million and added two new lenders to the Reserve-Based Credit Facility.

On June 30, 2012 there were $734.0 million of outstanding borrowings and $241.0 million of borrowing capacity under the Reserve-Based Credit Facility.
 
Interest rates under the Reserve-Based Credit Facility are based on Euro-Dollars (LIBOR) or ABR (Prime) indications, plus a margin. Interest is generally payable quarterly for ABR loans and at the applicable maturity date for LIBOR loans. At June 30, 2012, the applicable margin and other fees increase as the utilization of the borrowing base increases as follows:
 
Borrowing Base Utilization Grid

Borrowing Base Utilization Percentage
 
<25%
 
>25% <50%
 
>50% <75%
 
>75% <90%
 
>90%
 
Eurodollar Loans Margin
 
1.50%
 
1.75%
 
2.00%
 
2.25%
 
2.50%
 
ABR Loans Margin
 
0.50%
 
0.75%
 
1.00%
 
1.25%
 
1.50%
 
Commitment Fee Rate
 
0.50%
 
0.50%
 
0.375%
 
0.375%
 
0.375%
 
Letter of Credit Fee
 
0.50%
 
0.75%
 
1.00%
 
1.25%
 
1.50%
 
 
Our Reserve-Based Credit Facility contains a number of customary covenants that require us to maintain certain financial ratios, limit our ability to incur indebtedness, enter into commodity and interest rate derivatives, grant certain liens, make certain loans, acquisitions, capital expenditures and investments, merge or consolidate, or engage in certain asset dispositions, including a sale of all or substantially all of our assets. At June 30, 2012, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants.

Our Reserve-Based Credit Facility allows us to enter into commodity price hedge positions establishing certain minimum fixed prices for anticipated future production. See Note 4. Price and Interest Rate Risk Management Activities for further discussion.

Second Lien Term Loan

On November 30, 2011, we entered into a $100.0 million senior secured second lien term loan facility (the “Second Lien Term Loan”) with a maturity date of May 30, 2017. Borrowings under the Second Lien Term Loan were comprised entirely of Eurodollar Loans. Interest on borrowings under the Second Lien Term Loan accrued at a rate per annum equal to the sum of the applicable margin plus the Adjusted LIBO Rate in effect on such day. In April 2012, we paid all of our outstanding debt under the Second Lien Term Loan using the proceeds from our Senior Notes offering.

Senior Notes

On April 4, 2012, we and our wholly-owned subsidiary, VNRF, completed a public offering of $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.875% senior unsecured notes due 2020 (the “Senior Notes”), at a public offering price of 99.274%, resulting in aggregate net proceeds of $338.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and financing fees. The discount and financing fees will be amortized over the life of the Senior Notes. Such amortization is recorded in interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Under the indenture governing the Senior Notes (the “Indenture”), all of our existing subsidiaries (other than VNRF) and certain of our future subsidiaries (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) have unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on an unsecured basis, the Senior Notes, subject to release under certain of the following circumstances: (i) upon the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the subsidiary’s properties or assets, (ii) upon the sale or other disposition of our equity interests in the subsidiary, (iii) upon designation of the subsidiary as an unrestricted subsidiary in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, (iv) upon legal defeasance or covenant defeasance or the discharge of the Indenture, (v) upon the liquidation or dissolution of the subsidiary; (vi) upon the subsidiary ceasing to guarantee any other of our indebtedness and to be an obligor under any of our credit facilities, or (vii) upon such subsidiary dissolving or ceasing to exist after consolidating with, merging into or transferring all of its properties or assets to us.

 
12

 
 
The Indenture also contains covenants that will limit our ability to (i) incur, assume or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue preferred units; (ii) create liens to secure indebtedness; (iii) make distributions on, purchase or redeem our common units or purchase or redeem subordinated indebtedness; (iv) make investments; (v) restrict dividends, loans or other asset transfers from our restricted subsidiaries; (vi) consolidate with or merge with or into, or sell substantially all of our properties to, another person; (vii) sell or otherwise dispose of assets, including equity interests in subsidiaries; (viii) enter into transactions with affiliates; or (ix) create unrestricted subsidiaries. These covenants are subject to important exceptions and qualifications.  If the Senior Notes achieve an investment grade rating from each of Standard & Poor’s Rating Services and Moody’s Investors Services, Inc. and no default under the Indenture exists, many of the foregoing covenants will terminate. At June 30, 2012, based on the most restrictive covenants of the Indenture, the Company’s cash balance and the borrowings available under the Reserve-Based Credit Facility, $175.0 million of members’ equity is available for payment of distributions, and the remainder is restricted.

Interest on the Senior Notes is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on October 1, 2012. We may redeem some or all of the Senior Notes at any time on or after April 1, 2016 at redemption prices of 103.93750% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes as of April 1, 2016, declining to 100% on April 1, 2018 and thereafter.  We may also redeem some or all of the Senior Notes at any time prior to April 1, 2016 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes thereof, plus a "make-whole" premium. In addition, before April 1, 2015, we may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes at a redemption price equal to 107.875% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes thereof, with the proceeds of certain equity offerings, provided that 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes remain outstanding immediately after any such redemption and the redemption occurs within 180 days of such equity offering. If we sell certain of our assets or experience certain changes of control, we may be required to repurchase all or a portion of the Senior Notes at a price equal to 100% and 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes, respectively.

We used a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to repay all indebtedness outstanding under our Second Lien Term Loan and applied the balance of the net proceeds to outstanding borrowings under our Reserve-Based Credit Facility.
 
4.  
Price and Interest Rate Risk Management Activities

We have entered into derivative contracts with counterparties that are lenders under our financing arrangements to hedge price risk associated with a portion of our oil and natural gas production. While it is never management’s intention to hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes, conditions sometimes arise where actual production is less than estimated which has, and could, result in overhedged volumes. Under fixed-priced commodity swap agreements, we receive a fixed price on a notional quantity in exchange for paying a variable price based on a market index. In addition, we sell calls, purchase puts or provide options to counterparties under swaption agreements to extend the swaps into subsequent years. Under put option agreements, we pay the counterparty an option premium, equal to the fair value of the option at the purchase date. At settlement date, we receive the excess, if any, of the fixed floor over floating rate.  We also enter into basis swap contracts which guarantee a price differential between the NYMEX prices and our physical pricing points. We receive a payment from the counterparty or make a payment to the counterparty for the difference between the settled price differential and amounts stated under the terms of the contract.  Under collar contracts, we pay the counterparty if the market price is above the ceiling price and the counterparty pays us if the market price is below the floor price on a notional quantity. Put options for natural gas are settled based on the NYMEX price for natural gas at Henry Hub, and collars are settled based on a market index selected by us at inception of the contract. We also may enter into three-way collar contracts which combine a long put, a short put and a short call. The use of the long put combined with the short put allows us to sell a call at a higher price, thus establishing a higher ceiling and limiting our exposure to future settlement payments while also restricting our downside risk to the difference between the long put and the short put if the price of NYMEX West Texas Intermediate (“WTI”) crude oil drops below the price of the short put. This allows us to settle for WTI market price plus the spread between the short put and the long put in a case where the market price has fallen below the short put fixed price. We also enter into fixed LIBOR interest rate swap agreements with certain counterparties that are lenders under our financing arrangements, which require exchanges of cash flows that serve to synthetically convert a portion of our variable interest rate obligations to fixed interest rates.

 
13

 
Under ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC Topic 815”), all derivative instruments are recorded on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value as either short-term or long-term assets or liabilities based on their anticipated settlement date. We net derivative assets and liabilities for counterparties where we have a legal right of offset. Changes in the derivatives’ fair value are recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. For qualifying cash flow hedges, the unrealized gain or loss on the derivative is deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the equity section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the extent the hedge is effective. Gains and losses on cash flow hedges included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified to gains (losses) on commodity cash flow hedges or gains (losses) on interest rate derivative contracts in the period that the related production is delivered or the contract settles. The realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment are recorded as gains (losses) on commodity derivative contracts or gains (losses) on interest rate derivative contracts in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We have elected not to designate our current portfolio of derivative contracts as hedges.  Therefore, changes in fair value of these derivative instruments are recognized in earnings and included as unrealized gains (losses) on commodity derivative contracts or gains (losses) on interest rate derivative contracts in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

As of June 30, 2012, we had open commodity derivative contracts covering our anticipated future production as follows:
 
Swap Agreements

 
Gas
 
Oil
 
Contract Period  
MMBtu
 
Weighted
Average
Fixed Price
 
Bbls
 
Weighted
Average
WTI Price
 
July 1, 2012 – December 31, 2012  
11,261,168
 
$
6.32
 
747,960
 
$
87.95
 
January 1, 2013 – December 31, 2013  
22,338,000
 
$
6.07
 
1,350,500
 
$
89.18
 
January 1, 2014 – December 31, 2014  
13,835,225
 
$
6.16
 
1,414,375
 
$
89.91
 
January 1, 2015 – December 31, 2015
7,300,000
 
$
5.58
 
 
$
 

In July 2012, we restructured the natural gas swaps acquired in connection with the Arkoma Basin Acquisition. See Note 12. Subsequent Events for further discussion of this restructuring.

Swaptions

Calls were sold or options were provided to counterparties under swaption agreements to extend the swap into subsequent years as follows:
 
   
Gas
 
Oil
 
Contract Period  
 
MMBtu
 
Weighted
Average
Fixed Price
 
Bbls
 
Weighted
Average
Fixed Price 
 
July 1, 2012 - December 31, 2012  
 
   
 
69,000
 
$
100.00
 
January 1, 2013 - December 31, 2013  
 
   
 
196,350
 
$
100.73
 
January 1, 2014 - December 31, 2014  
 
1,642,500
 
$
5.69
 
492,750
 
$
117.22
 
January 1, 2015 - December 31, 2015  
 
   
 
508,445
 
$
105.98
 
January 1, 2016 - December 31, 2016  
 
   
 
622,200
 
$
125.00
 

 
14

 

Basis Swaps
 
   
Gas
 
Oil
 
Contract Period  
 
MMBtu
 
Weighted
Avg. Basis
Differential (1)
 
Bbls
 
Weighted
Avg. Basis
Differential (2)
 
July 1, 2012 – December 31, 2012  
 
460,000
 
$
(0.32
)
42,000
 
$
15.15
 
January 1, 2013 – December 31, 2013  
 
912,500
 
$
(0.32
)
84,000
 
$
9.60
 
January 1, 2014 – December 31, 2014  
 
452,500
 
$
(0.32
)
 
$
 
 
(1)  
Natural gas basis swap contracts represent a weighted average differential between prices against Rocky Mountains (CIGC) and NYMEX Henry Hub prices.
(2)  
Oil basis swap contracts represent a weighted average differential between prices against Light Louisiana Sweet Crude (LLS) and NYMEX WTI prices.

Collars

   
 
Oil
 
Contract Period  
 
Bbls
   
Floor
   
Ceiling
 
July 1, 2012 - December 31, 2012  
    207,000     $ 80.89     $ 99.47  
January 1, 2013 - December 31, 2013  
    82,125     $ 88.89     $ 107.34  
January 1, 2014 - December 31, 2014  
    12,000     $ 100.00     $ 116.20  


Three-Way Collars

   
 
Oil
 
Contract Period  
 
Bbls
   
Floor
   
Ceiling
   
Put Sold
 
July 1, 2012 - December 31, 2012  
    432,400     $ 88.94     $ 104.02     $ 69.36  
January 1, 2013 - December 31, 2013  
    1,163,150     $ 93.93     $ 105.98     $ 68.94  
January 1, 2014 - December 31, 2014  
    565,750     $ 98.06     $ 108.86     $ 74.19  
January 1, 2015 - December 31, 2015  
    194,055     $ 100.00     $ 124.53     $ 75.00  

Puts

 
Gas
 
Contract Period  
MMBtu
 
Weighted Average Fixed Price
 
July 1, 2012 – December 31, 2012  
165,232
 
$
6.76
 
 
Put Spreads

 
Oil
 
Contract Period  
Bbls
   
Floor
   
Put Sold
 
January 1, 2015 – December 31, 2015 
    255,500     $ 100.00     $ 75.00  


Interest Rate Swaps

We enter into interest rate swap agreements, which require exchanges of cash flows that serve to synthetically convert a portion of our variable interest rate exposures to fixed interest rates.

 
15

 
As of June 30, 2012, we had open interest rate derivative contracts as follows (in thousands):

 Period
 
Notional Amount
 
Fixed Libor Rates
 
July 1, 2012 to December 10, 2016
 
$
20,000
   
2.17
%
July 1, 2012 to October 31, 2016
 
$
40,000
   
1.65
%
July 1, 2012 to October 31, 2016
 
$
20,000
   
1.78
%
July 1, 2012 to March 7, 2016
 
$
75,000
   
1.08
%
July 1, 2012 to September 23, 2016
 
$
75,000
   
1.15
%
August 6, 2012 to August 6, 2016
 
$
25,000
   
1.80
%
August 6, 2012 to August 5, 2015 (1)
 
$
30,000
   
2.25
%
September  7, 2012 to September 7, 2016
 
$
25,000
   
1.25
%


 
(1)
On August 15, 2015, the counterparty has the option to extend the termination date of this contract for a notional amount of $30.0 million at 2.25% to August 5, 2018. Additionally, we sold an option to a counterparty to put us into a $25,000 LIBOR swap at 1.25% for the period September 7, 2012 to September 7, 2016.

Balance Sheet Presentation

Our commodity derivatives and interest rate swap derivatives are presented on a net basis in “derivative assets” and “derivative liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following summarizes the fair value of derivatives outstanding on a gross basis (in thousands):

   
June 30, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
Assets:
           
Commodity derivatives
  $ 176,961     $ 42,504  
Interest rate swaps
    290       504  
    $ 177,251     $ 43,008  
Liabilities:
               
Commodity derivatives
  $ (30,902 )   $ (66,129 )
Interest rate swaps
    (9,596 )     (6,768
    $ (40,498 )   $ (72,897 )

By using derivative instruments to economically hedge exposures to changes in commodity prices and interest rates, we expose ourselves to credit risk and market risk. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes us, which creates credit risk. Our counterparties are participants in our Reserve-Based Credit Facility (See Note 3. Debt for further discussion), which is secured by our oil and natural gas properties; therefore, we are not required to post any collateral. The maximum amount of loss due to credit risk that we would incur if our counterparties failed completely to perform according to the terms of the contracts, based on the gross fair value of financial instruments, was approximately $177.3 million at June 30, 2012.

We minimize the credit risk in derivative instruments by: (i) entering into derivative instruments only with counterparties that are also lenders in our Reserve-Based Credit Facility and (ii) monitoring the creditworthiness of our counterparties on an ongoing basis. In accordance with our standard practice, our commodity and interest rate swap derivatives are subject to counterparty netting under agreements governing such derivatives, and therefore the risk of such loss is partially mitigated as of June 30, 2012.  
 
Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
 
Gains and losses on derivatives that are not accounted for as cash flow hedges are reported on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations in “realized or unrealized gain (loss) on commodity derivative contracts” and “realized or unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate derivative contracts.” Realized gains (losses) represent amounts related to the settlement of derivative instruments. Unrealized gains (losses) represent the change in fair value of the derivative instruments to be settled in the future and are non-cash items which fluctuate in value as commodity prices and interest rates change.
 
 
16

 
The following presents our reported gains and losses on derivative instruments (in thousands):

   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
   
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
Realized gains (losses):
                       
Commodity derivatives
  $ 2,165     $ 1,193     $ (1,074 )   $ 2,572  
Interest rate swaps
    (566 )     (612 )     (1,142 )     (1,505
    $ 1,599     $ 581     $ (2,216 )   $ 1,067  
Unrealized gains (losses):
                               
Commodity derivatives
  $ 83,309     $ 31,546     $ 60,575     $ (41,014 )
Interest rate swaps
    (2,623 )     (803 )     (3,044 )     299  
    $ 80,686     $ 30,743     $ 57,531     $ (40,715 )
Net gains (losses):
                               
Commodity derivatives
  $ 85,474     $ 32,739     $ 59,501     $ (38,442 )
Interest rate swaps
    (3,189 )     (1,415 )     (4,186 )     (1,206 )
    $ 82,285     $ 31,324     $ 55,315     $ (39,648 )
 
5.  
Fair Value Measurements

We estimate the fair values of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities under ASC Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC Topic 820”). ASC Topic 820 provides a framework for consistent measurement of fair value for those assets and liabilities already measured at fair value under other accounting pronouncements. Certain specific fair value measurements, such as those related to share-based compensation, are not included in the scope of ASC Topic 820. Primarily, ASC Topic 820 is applicable to assets and liabilities related to financial instruments, to some long-term investments and liabilities, to initial valuations of assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination, and to long-lived assets written down to fair value when they are impaired. It does not apply to oil and natural gas properties accounted for under the full cost method, which are subject to impairment based on SEC rules. ASC Topic 820 applies to assets and liabilities carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as well as to supplemental fair value information about financial instruments not carried at fair value.
 
We have applied the provisions of ASC Topic 820 to assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, which includes our commodity and interest rate derivatives contracts, and on a nonrecurring basis, which includes goodwill, acquisitions of oil and natural gas properties and other intangible assets. ASC Topic 820 provides a definition of fair value and a framework for measuring fair value, as well as expanding disclosures regarding fair value measurements. The framework requires fair value measurement techniques to include all significant assumptions that would be made by willing participants in a market transaction.
 
ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC Topic 820 provides a hierarchy of fair value measurements, based on the inputs to the fair value estimation process. It requires disclosure of fair values classified according to the “levels” described below. The hierarchy is based on the reliability of the inputs used in estimating fair value and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The framework for fair value measurement assumes that transparent “observable” (Level 1) inputs generally provide the most reliable evidence of fair value and should be used to measure fair value whenever available. The classification of a fair value measurement is determined based on the lowest level (with Level 3 as the lowest) of significant input to the fair value estimation process.

The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:  
   
Level 1
Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
   
Level  2
Quoted market prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.
   
Level 3
Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. Level 3 assets and liabilities generally include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation or for which there is a lack of transparency as to the inputs used.
   
 
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  As required by ASC Topic 820, financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:

Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, payables to affiliates, accrued expenses and deferred swap premium liability. The carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Financing arrangements. The carrying amounts of our bank borrowings outstanding approximate fair value because our current borrowing rates do not materially differ from market rates for similar bank borrowings. We consider this fair value estimate as a Level 2 input. The carrying amounts of our Senior Notes approximate fair value because they approximate the amounts for which the Senior Notes traded in the secondary market at June 30, 2012. We consider this fair value estimate as a Level 1 input.

Our commodity derivative instruments consist of fixed-price swaps, basis swaps, swaptions, put options, NYMEX collars and three-way collars. We estimate the fair values of the swaps and swaptions based on published forward commodity price curves for the underlying commodities as of the date of the estimate. We estimate the option value of the contract floors, ceilings, collars and three-way collars using an option pricing model which takes into account market volatility, market prices and contract parameters. The discount rate used in the discounted cash flow projections is based on published LIBOR rates, Eurodollar futures rates and interest swap rates. In order to estimate the fair value of our interest rate swaps, we use a yield curve based on money market rates and interest rate swaps, extrapolate a forecast of future interest rates, estimate each future cash flow, derive discount factors to value the fixed and floating rate cash flows of each swap, and then discount to present value all known (fixed) and forecasted (floating) swap cash flows. Curve building and discounting techniques used to establish the theoretical market value of interest bearing securities are based on readily available money market rates and interest rate swap market data. To extrapolate future cash flows, discount factors incorporating our counterparties’ and our credit standing are used to discount future cash flows. We have classified the fair values of all of our derivative contracts as Level 2.

Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):

   
 
June 30, 2012
 
   
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
   
Assets/Liabilities
 
   
 
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
at Fair value
 
Assets:
                       
Commodity price derivative contracts  
  $     $ 146,059     $     $ 146,059  
Interest rate derivative contracts  
          290             290  
Total derivative instruments  
  $     $ 146,349     $     $ 146,349  
                                 
Liabilities:
                               
Commodity price derivative contracts  
  $     $     $     $  
Interest rate derivative contracts  
          (9,596 )           (9,596 )
Total derivative instruments  
  $     $ (9,596 )   $     $ (9,596 )

   
 
December 31, 2011
 
   
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
   
Assets/Liabilities
 
   
 
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
at Fair value
 
Assets:
                       
Commodity price derivative contracts  
  $     $ 3,438     $     $ 3,438  
Interest rate derivative contracts
                       
Total derivative instruments  
  $     $ 3,438     $     $ 3,438  
                                 
Liabilities:
                               
Commodity price derivative contracts
  $     $ (27,063 )   $     $ (27,063 )
Interest rate derivative contracts  
          (6,264 )           (6,264 )
Total derivative instruments  
  $     $ (33,327 )   $     $ (33,327 )

 
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We apply the provisions of ASC Topic 350 “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other”. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually on October 1 or whenever indicators of impairment exist. The goodwill test is performed at the reporting unit level, which represents our oil and natural gas operations in the United States. If indicators of impairment are determined to exist, an impairment charge is recognized if the carrying value of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. We utilize a market approach to determine the fair value of our reporting unit. Any sharp decreases in the prices of oil and natural gas or any significant negative reserve adjustments from the December 31, 2011 assessment could change our estimates of the fair value of our reporting unit and could result in an impairment charge.

Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives.  We evaluate the recoverability of intangible assets with definite useful lives whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be fully recoverable.  An impairment loss exists when the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than its carrying amount.

Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):

   
June 30, 2012
 
   
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
   
 
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
Assets:
                 
Goodwill  
  $     $     $ 420,955  
Acquisitions of oil and natural gas properties
  $     $     $ 361,000  
Other intangible assets, net
      8,746      

   
December 31, 2011
 
   
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
   
 
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
Assets:
                 
Goodwill  
  $     $     $ 420,955  
Other intangible assets, net
      8,837      

Our nonfinancial assets and liabilities, which are initially measured at fair value, are comprised primarily of asset retirement obligations and oil and natural gas properties acquired.  These assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value when incurred but not re-measured at fair value in subsequent periods. We classify such initial measurements as Level 3 since certain significant unobservable inputs are utilized in their determination. We utilize ASC Topic 805-10 to identify and record the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination. During the six month period ended June 30, 2012, we acquired oil and natural gas properties with a fair value of $361.0 million. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of our asset retirement obligations is presented in Note 6. Asset Retirement Obligations, in accordance with ASC Topic 410-20.  The fair value of additions to the asset retirement obligation liability is measured using valuation techniques consistent with the income approach, converting future cash flows to a single discounted amount.  Inputs to the valuation include: (1) estimated plug and abandonment cost per well based on our experience; (2) estimated remaining life per well based on average reserve life per field; (3) our credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate ranging between 5.0% and 5.5%; and (4) the 10-year average inflation factor (2.4%).
 
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6.  
Asset Retirement Obligations

The asset retirement obligations as of June 30 reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and the changes in the asset retirement obligations for the six months ended June 30, were as follows (in thousands):

   
2012
   
2011
 
Asset retirement obligations at January 1,
  $ 35,921     $ 30,202  
Liabilities added during the current period
    9,733       406  
Accretion expense
    541       380  
Retirements
    (335 )     (79 )
Total asset retirement obligations at June 30,
    45,860       30,909  
Less: current obligations
    (2,067 )     (917 )
Long-term asset retirement obligation at June 30,
  $ 43,793     $ 29,992  

7.  
Related Party Transactions

As previously discussed, we owned oil and natural gas properties in the Appalachian Basin. In February 2012, we entered into a Unit Exchange Agreement with our founding unitholder to transfer our partnership interest in Trust Energy Company, LLC and Ariana Energy, LLC which controlled all of our ownership interests in oil and natural gas properties in the Appalachian Basin in exchange for 1.9 million of our common units valued at the closing price of $27.62 per unit at March 30, 2012, $52.5 million, with an effective date of January 1, 2012. We completed this transaction on March 30, 2012 for total non-cash consideration of $51.1 million, after closing adjustments of $1.4 million.

Prior to the completion of the Unit Exchange, we relied on Vinland Energy Eastern, LLC (“Vinland”) to execute our drilling program, operate our wells and gather our natural gas in the Appalachian Basin. We reimbursed Vinland $60.00 per well per month (in addition to normal third party operating costs) for operating our current natural gas and oil properties in the Appalachian Basin under a Management Services Agreement (“MSA”) which costs are reflected in our lease operating expenses. Under a Gathering and Compression Agreement (“GCA”), Vinland received a $0.25 per Mcf transportation fee on existing wells drilled prior to December 31, 2006 and $0.55 per Mcf transportation fee on any new wells drilled after December 31, 2006 within the area of mutual interest or “AMI.” In June 2010, we began discussions with Vinland regarding an amendment to the GCA to go into effect beginning on July 1, 2010. The amended agreement would provide gathering and compression services based upon actual costs plus a margin of $.055 per mcf. We and Vinland agreed in principle to this change effective July 1, 2010 and jointly operated on this basis, however, no formal agreement between us and Vinland was signed. Under the GCA, the transportation fee that we paid to Vinland only encompassed transporting the natural gas to third party pipelines at which point additional transportation fees to natural gas markets applied. These transportation fees were outlined in the GCA and are reflected in our lease operating expenses. Costs incurred under the MSA were $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011, and $0.6 million and $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Costs incurred under the GCA were $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011, and $0.4 million and $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. As a result of the Unit Exchange, the MSA and GCA were terminated.

8.  
Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is a defendant in a legal proceeding arising in the normal course of our business. While the outcome and impact of such legal proceedings on the Company cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that it is probable that the outcome of these actions will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flow.
 
We are also currently a party to pending litigation related to the ENP Merger discussed below. In addition, we are not aware of any legal or governmental proceedings against us, or contemplated to be brought against us, under the various environmental protection statutes to which we are subject.
 
On March 29, 2011, John O’Neal, a purported unitholder of ENP, filed a putative class action petition in the 125th Judicial District of Harris County, Texas on behalf of unitholders of ENP. Similar petitions were filed on April 4, 2011 by Jerry P. Morgan and on April 5, 2011 by Herbert F. Rower in other Harris County district courts. The O’Neal, Morgan, and Rower lawsuits were consolidated on June 5, 2011 as John O’Neal v. Encore Energy Partners, L.P., et al., Case Number 2011-19340, which is pending in the 125th Judicial District Court of Harris County. On July 28, 2011, Michael Gilas filed a class action petition in intervention. On July 26, 2011, the current plaintiffs in the consolidated O’Neal action filed an amended putative class action petition against ENP, ENP GP, Scott W. Smith, Richard A. Robert, Douglas Pence, W. Timothy Hauss, John E. Jackson, David C. Baggett, Martin G. White, and Vanguard. That putative class action petition and Gilas’s petition in intervention both allege that the named defendants are (i) violating duties owed to ENP’s public unitholders by, among other things, failing to properly value ENP and failing to protect against conflicts of interest or (ii) are aiding and abetting such breaches. Plaintiffs seek an injunction prohibiting the merger from going forward and compensatory damages if the merger is consummated. On October 3, 2011, the Court appointed Bull & Lifshitz, counsel for plaintiff-intervenor Gilas, as interim lead counsel on behalf of the putative class. On October 21, 2011, the court signed an order staying this lawsuit pending resolution of the Delaware State Court Action (defined below), subject to plaintiffs’ right to seek to lift the stay for good cause. The defendants named in the Texas lawsuits intend to defend vigorously against them.

 
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On April 5, 2011, Stephen Bushansky, a purported unitholder of ENP, filed a putative class action complaint in the Delaware Court of Chancery on behalf of the unitholders of ENP. Another purported unitholder of ENP, William Allen, filed a similar action in the same court on April 14, 2011. The Bushansky and Allen actions have been consolidated under the caption In re: Encore Energy Partners LP Unitholder Litigation, C.A. No. 6347-VCP (the “Delaware State Court Action”). On December 28, 2011, those plaintiffs jointly filed their second amended consolidated class action complaint naming as defendants ENP, Scott W. Smith, Richard A. Robert, Douglas Pence, W. Timothy Hauss, John E. Jackson, David C. Baggett, Martin G. White, and Vanguard. That putative class action complaint alleges, among other things, that defendants breached the partnership agreement by recommending a transaction that is not fair and reasonable. Plaintiffs seek compensatory damages. Vanguard has filed a motion to dismiss this lawsuit and it intends to defend vigorously against this lawsuit.

On August 28, 2011, Herman Goldstein, a purported unitholder of ENP, filed a putative class action complaint against ENP, ENP GP, Scott W. Smith, Richard A. Robert, Douglas Pence, W. Timothy Hauss, John E. Jackson, David C. Baggett, Martin G. White, and Vanguard in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas on behalf of the unitholders of ENP. That lawsuit is captioned Goldstein v. Encore Energy Partners LP. et al., United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, 4:11-cv-03198.  Plaintiff alleged that the named defendants violated Sections 14(a) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder by disseminating a false and materially misleading proxy statement in connection with the merger. Plaintiff sought an injunction prohibiting the proposed merger from going forward. The case was voluntarily dismissed on June 11, 2012.

On September 6, 2011, Donald A. Hysong, a purported unitholder of ENP, filed a putative class action complaint against ENP, ENP GP, Scott W. Smith, Richard A. Robert, Douglas Pence, W. Timothy Hauss, John E. Jackson, David C. Baggett, Martin G. White, and Vanguard on behalf of the unitholders of ENP in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware that is captioned Hysong v. Encore Energy Partners LP. et al., 1:11-cv-00781-SD. Hysong alleged that the named defendants violated either Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder or Section 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by disseminating a false and materially misleading proxy statement in connection with the merger. On September 14, 2011, in accordance with recent practice in Delaware, that case was assigned to Judge Stewart Dalzell of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. On November 10, 2011, Judge Dalzell entered an order dismissing the lawsuit and entering judgment in the defendants’ favor.

The Company cannot predict the outcome of these or any other lawsuits that might be filed subsequent to the date of this filing, nor can the Company predict the amount of time and expense that will be required to resolve these lawsuits. The Company and the other defendants named in these lawsuits intend to defend vigorously against these and any other actions. 

9.  
Common Units and Net Income per Unit

Basic earnings per unit is computed in accordance with ASC Topic 260 “Earnings Per Share” (“ASC Topic 260”) by dividing net income attributable to Vanguard unitholders by the weighted average number of units outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per unit is computed by adjusting the average number of units outstanding for the dilutive effect, if any, of unit equivalents.  We use the treasury stock method to determine the dilutive effect.  As of June 30, 2012, we had two classes of units outstanding:  (i) units representing limited liability company interests (“common units”) listed on the NYSE under the symbol VNR and (ii) Class B units, issued to management and an employee as discussed in Note 10. Unit-Based Compensation.  The Class B units participate in distributions; therefore, all Class B units were considered in the computation of basic earnings per unit.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, the 175,000 options granted to officers under the Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC Long-Term Incentive Plan (“VNR LTIP”) have been included in the computation of diluted earnings per unit as 48,852 and 52,359 additional common units, respectively, that would have been issued and outstanding under the treasury stock method assuming the options had been exercised at the beginning of the period.  For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, these options were included in the computation of diluted earnings per unit as 63,578 and 65,571 additional common units, respectively, that would have been issued and outstanding under the treasury stock method assuming the options had been exercised at the beginning of the period, respectively.  The 127,500 phantom units granted to officers from 2010 through 2012 under the VNR LTIP have also been included in the computation of earnings per unit for the three months ended June 30, 2012 as they had a dilutive effect and they have been excluded for the six months ended June 30, 2012 as they had no dilutive effect. Of the 127,500 phantom units granted to date, 85,000 of them were granted to officers during 2010 and 2011 and have been included in the computation of earnings per unit for the three months ended June 30, 2012 as they had a dilutive effect and have been excluded for the six months ended June 30, 2011 as they had no dilutive effect.

 
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In accordance with ASC Topic 260, dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per unit has been presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 including each class of units issued and outstanding during the respective periods: common units and Class B units.  Net income per unit is allocated to the common units and the Class B units on an equal basis. 

10.  
Unit-Based Compensation

In October 2007, two officers were granted options to purchase an aggregate of 175,000 units under the VNR LTIP with an exercise price equal to the initial public offering price of $19.00, which vested immediately upon being granted and had a fair value of $0.1 million on the date of grant. These options expire on October 29, 2012. The grant date fair value for these option awards was calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation,” by calculating the Black-Scholes value of each option, using a volatility rate of 12.18%, an expected dividend yield of 8.95% and a discount rate of 5.12%, and multiplying the Black-Scholes value by the number of options awarded. In determining a volatility rate of 12.18%, we, due to a lack of historical data regarding our common units, used the historical volatility of the Citigroup MLP Index over the 365 day period prior to the date of grant.

During the six months ended June 30, 2012, two of our executives were granted 15,000 phantom units each under the February Amended Agreements, and one executive was granted 12,500 phantom units under the June Amended Agreement. The phantom units are subject to a three-year vesting period, although the vesting is not pro-rata, but a one-time event which shall occur on the three-year anniversary of the date of grant so long as the executive remains continuously employed with us during such time. The phantom units are accompanied by dividend equivalent rights, which entitle the executives to receive the value of any distributions made by us on our units generally with respect to the number of phantom shares that the executive received pursuant to this grant. In the event the executive is terminated for “Cause” (as such term is defined in the Amended Agreements), all phantom units, whether vested or unvested, will be forfeited. The phantom units, once vested, shall be settled upon the earlier to occur of (a) the occurrence of a “Change of Control” (as defined in the VNR LTIP), or (b) the executive’s separation from service. The amount to be paid in connection with these phantom units can be paid in cash or in units at the election of the officers and will be equal to the appreciation in value of the units from the date of the grant until the determination date (December 31, 2013). As of June 30, 2012, an accrued liability of $0.9 million has been recorded and non-cash unit-based compensation expense of $0.09 million and $0.02 million has been recognized in the selling, general and administrative expense line item in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and $0.2 million for each of the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011.

During the first six months of 2012, VNR employees were granted a total of 26,568 common units which will vest equally over a four year period.  During the same period, the board members were granted a total of 14,112 common units which will vest one year from the date of grant. All of these grants have distribution equivalent rights that provide the grantee with a payment equal to the distribution on unvested units.

These common units, options and phantom units were granted as partial consideration for services to be performed and thus will be subject to accounting for these grants under ASC Topic 718. The fair value of restricted units issued is determined based on the fair market value of common units on the date of the grant.  This value is amortized over the vesting period as referenced above.  A summary of the status of the non-vested units as of June 30, 2012 is presented below:

   
Number of 
Non-vested Units
   
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair Value
 
Non-vested units at December 31, 2011
    366,670     $ 27.92  
Granted
    40,680     $ 27.61  
Forfeited
    (20,395 )   $ 28.24  
Vested
    (93,212 )   $ 28.52  
Non-vested units at June 30, 2012
    293,743     $ 27.67  

At June 30, 2012, there was approximately $6.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted units. The cost is expected to be recognized over an average period of approximately 2.2 years. Our Consolidated Statements of Operations reflect non-cash compensation of $0.9 million and $0.7 million in the selling, general and administrative expenses line item for the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and $1.8 million and $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

 
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11.  
Shelf Registration Statements

During the third quarter 2009, we filed a registration statement with the SEC which registered offerings of up to $300.0 million (the “2009 Shelf Registration Statement”) of any combination of debt securities, common units and guarantees of debt securities by our subsidiaries. Also, in July 2010, we filed a registration statement with the SEC which registered offerings of up to $800.0 million (the “2010 Shelf Registration Statement”) of any combination of debt securities, common units and guarantees of debt securities by our subsidiaries. Net proceeds, terms and pricing of each offering of securities issued under the Shelf Registration Statements are determined at the time of such offerings. The Shelf Registration Statements does not provide assurance that we will or could sell any such securities. Our ability to utilize the Shelf Registration Statements for the purpose of offering, from time to time, any combination of debt securities or common units will depend upon, among other things, market conditions and the existence of investors who wish to purchase our securities at prices acceptable to us.

In August 2010, we entered into an Equity Distribution Program Distribution Agreement (the “2010 Distribution Agreement”) relating to our common units having an aggregate offering price of up to $60.0 million. In accordance with the terms of the 2010 Distribution Agreement we may offer and sell up to the maximum dollar amount of our common units from time to time through our sales agent. Sales of the common units, if any, may be made by means of ordinary brokers' transactions through the facilities of the NYSE at market prices. Our sales agent will receive from us a commission of 1.25% based on the gross sales price per common unit for any common units sold through it as agent under the 2010 Distribution Agreement. Total net proceeds received under the 2010 Distribution Agreement through June 30, 2012 were approximately $6.3 million, after commissions, from the sales of 240,111 common units. Sales made pursuant to the 2010 Distribution Agreement were made through a prospectus supplement to our 2009 Shelf Registration Statement.

On September 9, 2011, we entered into an amended and restated Equity Distribution Program Distribution Agreement (the “2011 Distribution Agreement”) which extended, for an additional three years, the existing agreement with our sales agent to act as our exclusive distribution agent with respect to the issuance and sale of our common units up to an aggregate gross sales price of $200.0 million. Of the $200.0 million common units under the 2011 Distribution Agreement, $115.0 million of the common units may be offered through a prospectus supplement to our 2009 Shelf Registration Statement. The additional $85.0 million of the common units may be offered pursuant to a new prospectus supplement to one of our existing effective shelf registration statements or a new shelf registration statement. Total net proceeds received under the 2011 Distribution Agreement through June 30, 2012, were approximately $3.6 million, after commissions, from the sales of 128,699 common units.

As a result of all our previous offerings, including those made under the 2010 and 2011 Distribution Agreements, we have approximately $112.6 million and $678.8 million remaining available as of June 30, 2012 under our 2009 and 2010 Shelf Registration Statements, respectively.

In January 2012, we filed a registration statement (the “2012 Shelf Registration Statement”) with the SEC, which registered offerings of approximately 3.1 million common units held by certain selling unitholders. By means of the same registration statement, we also registered an indeterminate amount of common units, debt securities and guarantees of debt securities. Net proceeds, terms and pricing of each offering of securities issued under the 2012 Shelf Registration Statement are determined at the time of such offerings. The 2012 Shelf Registration Statement does not provide assurance that we will or could sell any such securities. Our ability to utilize the 2012 Shelf Registration Statement for the purpose of offering, from time to time, any combination of debt securities or common units will depend upon, among other things, market conditions and the existence of investors who wish to purchase our securities at prices acceptable to us and the selling unitholder named therein.

In January 2012, we completed a public offering of 7,137,255 of our common units at a price of $27.71 per unit. The 7,137,255 common units offering included 4.0 million of our common units (“primary units”) and 3,137,255 common units (“secondary units”) offered by Denbury Onshore, LLC (“selling unitholder”). Offers were made pursuant to a prospectus supplement to the 2012 Shelf Registration Statement. The secondary units were obtained by the selling unitholder as partial consideration for the ENP Purchase. We received proceeds of approximately $106.1 million from the offering of primary units, after deducting underwriting discounts of $4.3 million and offering costs of $0.4 million. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of the secondary units. In addition, we received proceeds of approximately $28.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts of $1.2 million, from the sale of an additional 1,070,588 of our common units that were offered to the underwriters to cover over-allotments pursuant to this offering. We used the net proceeds from this offering to repay indebtedness outstanding under our Reserve-Based Credit Facility and our Second Lien Term Loan.

 
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12.  
Subsequent Events

On July 23, 2012, our board of directors declared a cash distribution attributable to the second quarter of 2012 of $0.60 per common unit expected to be paid on August 14, 2012 to Vanguard unitholders of record as of the close of business on August 7, 2012.

In July 2012, we restructured the natural gas swaps acquired in connection with the Arkoma Basin Acquisition to cover approximately 100% of the proved production for the next five years at a weighted average swap price of $5.04/MMBtu beginning in August 1, 2012 through June 30, 2017. In addition, the hedges are swaps at the Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corp: Zone 4 and the CenterPoint Energy Gas Transmission Co: East, which protect us from the risk of a widening basis differential to NYMEX for its associated production in the future.

The following tables summarize the restructured natural gas swaps:

   
Year
2012
   
Year
2013
   
Year
2014
   
Year
2015
   
Year
2016
   
Year
2017
 
Gas Positions:
                                   
Fixed Price Swaps:
                                   
Notional Volume (MMbtu)
    10,957,500       20,075,000       17,702,500       18,250,000       16,470,000       7,602,000  
Price ($/MMbtu)
  $ 5.21     $ 5.04     $ 5.04     $ 5.04     $ 5.04     $ 5.04  
 
 
24

 

 
The historical consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) reflect all of the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC (“us,” “we,” “our,” “the Company,” “Vanguard” or “VNR”). The following discussion analyzes the financial condition and results of operations of Vanguard for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011. Unitholders should read the following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations for Vanguard in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 (the “2011 Annual Report”) and the historical unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes of the Company included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
 
Overview
 
We are a publicly traded limited liability company focused on the acquisition and development of mature, long-lived oil and natural gas properties in the United States. Our primary business objective is to generate stable cash flows allowing us to make quarterly cash distributions to our unitholders and, over time, increasing our quarterly cash distributions through the acquisition of additional mature, long-lived oil and natural gas properties. Through our operating subsidiaries, we own properties and oil and natural gas reserves primarily located in six operating areas:

·  
the Permian Basin in West Texas and New Mexico;

·  
the Big Horn Basin in Wyoming and Montana;

·  
the Arkoma Basin in Arkansas and Oklahoma;

·  
the Williston Basin in North Dakota and Montana;

·  
Mississippi; and

·  
South Texas.

 As of June 30, 2012, based on internal reserve estimates, our total proved reserves were 136.2 MMBOE, of which approximately 32% were oil reserves, 54% were natural gas reserves and 14% were NGLs reserves.  Of these total estimated proved reserves, approximately 72%, or 98.4 MMBOE, were classified as proved developed. Also, at June 30, 2012, we owned working interests in 4,878 gross (1,625 net) productive wells. Our operated wells accounted for approximately 57% of our total estimated proved reserves at June 30, 2012. Our average net daily production for the year ended December 31, 2011 and for the six months ended June 30, 2012 was 13,405 BOE/day and 12,953 BOE/day, respectively. Our average net production for the year ended December 31, 2011 includes production from the properties acquired in connection with the ENP Acquisition. Production from these properties during 2011 through the date of the completion of the ENP Merger on December 1, 2011 was subject to a 53.4% non-controlling interest in ENP. We own working interests ranging from 30% to 100% in approximately 43,220 gross undeveloped acres surrounding our existing wells. As of June 30, 2012, based on internal reserve estimates, approximately 28%, or 37.8 MMBOE, of our estimated proved reserves were attributable to our working interests in undeveloped acreage.

Recent Developments

Acquisition of Oil and Natural Gas Properties

On June 1, 2012, we entered into a purchase and sale agreement with Antero Resources LLC for the acquisition of natural gas and natural gas liquids properties in the Woodford Shale and Fayetteville Shale of the Arkoma Basin. We refer to this acquisition as the “Arkoma Basin Acquisition.” We completed this acquisition on June 29, 2012 with an effective date of April 1, 2012 for an adjusted purchase price of $428.9 million, subject to customary post-closing adjustments to be determined. The purchase price was funded with borrowings under our Reserve-Based Credit Facility. Upon closing of this acquisition, we assumed natural gas swaps valued at $109.5 million on the closing date, which were restructured in July 2012 to cover 100% of the estimated natural gas production from existing producing wells in the acquired properties over the next five years. See Note 12 in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details about this restructuring.

In accordance with the guidance contained within ASC Topic 805, the measurement of the fair value at acquisition date of the assets acquired in the Arkoma Basin Acquisition as compared to the fair value of consideration transferred, adjusted for purchase price adjustments, resulted in a gain of $14.1 million, which has been recognized in current period earnings and classified in other income and expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
  
 
25

 
Outlook
 
Our revenue, cash flow from operations and future growth depend substantially on factors beyond our control, such as access to capital, economic, political and regulatory developments, and competition from other sources of energy. Oil, natural gas and NGLs prices historically have been volatile and may fluctuate widely in the future. Sustained periods of low prices for oil, natural gas or NGLs could materially and adversely affect our financial position, our results of operations, the quantities of oil and natural gas reserves that we can economically produce, our access to capital and our ability to pay cash distributions to our unitholders. We have mitigated the volatility on our cash flows with oil price derivative contracts through 2015 and natural gas price derivative contracts through 2017, following the restructuring completed in July 2012 discussed in Note 12. Subsequent Events of The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. These hedges are placed on a portion of our proved producing and a portion of our total anticipated production during this time frame. As oil and natural gas prices fluctuate, we will recognize non-cash, unrealized gains and losses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations related to the change in fair value of our commodity derivative contracts.
 
We face the challenge of oil and natural gas production declines. As a given well’s initial reservoir pressures are depleted, oil, natural gas and NGLs production decreases, thus reducing our total reserves. We attempt to overcome this natural decline both by drilling on our properties and acquiring additional reserves. We will maintain our focus on controlling costs to add reserves through drilling and acquisitions, as well as controlling the corresponding costs necessary to produce such reserves. During the six months ended June 30, 2012, we drilled six gross (5.5 net) operated wells, four gross (0.7 net) non-operated wells and also completed four gross (0.6 net) non-operated wells. Our ability to add reserves through drilling is dependent on our capital resources and can be limited by many factors, including the ability to timely obtain drilling permits and regulatory approvals and voluntary reductions in capital spending in a low commodity price environment. Any delays in drilling, completion or connection to gathering lines of our new wells will negatively impact the rate of our production, which may have an adverse effect on our revenues and as a result, cash available for distribution. In accordance with our business plan, we intend to invest the capital necessary to maintain our cash flow at existing levels over the long-term provided that it is economical to do so based on the commodity price environment. However, we cannot be certain that we will be able to issue our debt or equity securities on favorable terms, or at all, and we may be unable to refinance our borrowings when our credit facilities expire. Additionally, in the event of significant declines in commodity prices, the borrowing base under our Reserve-Based Credit Facility may be redetermined such that it will not provide for the working capital necessary to fund our capital spending program and could affect our ability to make distributions.
 
We have elected to use the full-cost accounting method and as such, each quarter we must perform a “ceiling test” that is impacted by declining prices. Additionally, we have recorded goodwill which represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired in the ENP Acquisition. Significant price declines could cause us to take one or more ceiling test write downs or cause us to record an impairment of goodwill, which would be reflected as non-cash charges against current earnings. Based on the 11-month average oil, natural gas and NGLs prices through August 1, 2012 and if such prices do not change during August, we anticipate that we will record a ceiling test write down of approximately $30.0 million at September 30, 2012. However, such estimate is contingent upon many factors such as the price of oil, natural gas and NGLs as of September 1, 2012, increases or decreases in our reserve base, changes in estimated costs and expenses, and other factors which could increase, decrease or eliminate the need for such an impairment.
 
Results of Operations
 
The following table sets forth selected financial and operating data for the periods indicated (in thousands):

   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
   
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
   
2012 (a)(b)
   
2011(a)(c)
   
2012 (a)(b)
   
2011(a)(c)
 
Revenues:
                       
Oil sales
  $ 56,117     $ 62,232     $ 120,520     $ 118,322  
Natural gas sales
    4,570       12,201       14,738       23,215  
NGLs sales
    5,754       5,938       13,900       10,873  
Oil, natural gas and NGLs sales
    66,441       80,371       149,158       152,410  
Loss on commodity cash flow hedges
          (601 )           (1,672 )
Realized gain (loss) on commodity derivative contracts
    2,165       1,193       (1,074 )     2,572  
Unrealized gain (loss) on commodity derivative contracts
    83,309       31,546       60,575       (41,014 )
Total revenues
  $ 151,915     $ 112,509     $ 208,659     $ 112,296  
Costs and expenses:
                               
Production:
                               
    Lease operating expenses
  $ 16,681     $ 15,120     $ 35,240     $ 27,452  
    Production taxes and marketing
    7,251       7,404       14,111       13,626  
Depreciation, depletion, amortization, and accretion
    20,855       21,551       42,652       41,378  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    4,827       7,346       9,799       12,222  
Total costs and expenses
  $ 49,614     $ 51,421     $ 101,802     $ 94,678  
Other income (expense):
                               
Interest expense
  $ (9,830 )   $ (6,841 )   $ (15,159 )   $ (13,628 )
Realized loss on interest rate derivative contracts
  $ (566 )   $ (612 )   $ (1,142 )   $ (1,505 )
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate derivative contracts
  $ (2,623 )   $ (803 )   $ (3,044 )   $ 299  
Net gain (loss) on acquisition of oil and natural gas properties
  $ 14,126     $ (870 )   $ 13,796     $ (870 )
Other
  $ 39     $ 8     $ 115     $ 6  


 
(a)
During 2011 and 2012, we and ENP acquired certain oil and natural gas properties and related assets in the Permian Basin, Arkoma Basin, and the Wyoming, South Texas, Louisiana Gulf Coast areas. The operating results of these properties are included with ours from the date of acquisition forward.
 
(b)
On March 30, 2012, we divested oil and natural gas properties in the Appalachian Basin in connection with the Unit Exchange. As such, there are no operating results from these properties included in our operating results from the date of the divestiture forward.
 
(c)
The operating results of the subsidiaries we acquired in the ENP Purchase through the date of the completion of the ENP Merger on December 1, 2011 were subject to a 53.4% non-controlling interest.
 
 
26

 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2011
 
Revenues
 
Oil, natural gas and NGLs sales decreased $13.9 million to $66.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to the same period in 2011. The key oil, natural gas and NGLs revenue measurements were as follows:

   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Percentage
Increase
(Decrease)
 
   
2012 (a)(b)
 
2011 (a)(c)
   
Average realized prices (d):
                 
Oil (Price/Bbl)
  $
81.69
 
$92.76
   
(12)
%
Natural Gas (Price/Mcf)
  $
2.49
 
$4.55
   
(45)
%
NGLs (Price/Bbl)
  $
44.47
 
$65.02
   
(32)
%
                   
Total production volumes:
                 
Oil (Bbls)
   
686,969
 
670,541
   
2
%
Natural Gas (MMcf)
   
1,839
 
2,683
   
(31)
%
    NGLs (Bbls)
   
129,394
 
91,324
   
42
%
Combined (MBOE)
   
1,123
 
1,209
   
(7)
%
                   
Average daily production volumes:
                 
Oil (Bbls/day)
   
7,549
 
7,367
   
2
%
Natural Gas (Mcf/day)
   
20,203
 
29,482
   
(31)
%
    NGLs (Bbls/day)
   
1,422
 
1,004
   
42
%
Combined (BOE/day)
   
12,338
 
13,286
   
(7)
%
 
 
(a)
During 2011 and 2012, we and ENP acquired certain oil and natural gas properties and related assets in the Permian Basin, Arkoma Basin, and the Wyoming, South Texas, Louisiana Gulf Coast areas. The operating results of these properties are included with ours from the date of acquisition forward.
 
(b)
On March 30, 2012, we divested oil and natural gas properties in the Appalachian Basin in connection with the Unit Exchange. As such, there are no operating results from these properties included in our operating results from the date of the divestiture forward.
 
(c)
Production from the properties acquired related to the ENP Purchase during 2011 through the date of the completion of the ENP Merger on December 1, 2011 was subject to a 53.4% non-controlling interest in ENP.
 
(d)
Excludes results from hedging activities.

 
27

 
The decrease in oil, natural gas and NGLs sales during the three months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the same period in 2011 was due primarily to a decrease in average realized prices and a decrease in natural gas production. We experienced a 12% decrease in the average realized oil price, excluding hedges, and a 45% decrease in the average realized natural gas sales price received, excluding hedges. Oil revenues decreased 10% from $62.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2011 to $56.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2012 as a result of an $11.07 per Bbl decrease in our average realized oil price, excluding hedges. Our lower average realized oil price was primarily due to a lower average NYMEX price, which decreased from $102.56 per Bbl in the second quarter of 2011 to $93.45 per Bbl in the second quarter of 2012. Additionally, two of our largest areas, Permian Basin and Big Horn Basin, were affected by widening oil differentials during the second quarter of 2012, which cannot be hedged. Natural gas revenues decreased 63% from $12.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2011 to $4.6 million during the same period in 2012 as a result of a $2.06 per Mcf decrease in our average realized natural gas price, excluding hedges, and a 31% decrease in our natural gas production volumes. Overall, our total production for the three months ended June 30, 2012 decreased as compared to the same period in 2011, primarily as a result of the loss of natural gas production associated with the Appalachian Basin properties divested in connection with the Unit Exchange. On a BOE basis, crude oil, natural gas, and NGLs accounted for 61%, 27% and 12%, respectively, of our production during the three months ended June 30, 2012 compared to crude oil, natural gas, and NGLs of 55%, 37% and 8%, respectively, during the same period in 2011.
 
Hedging and Price Risk Management Activities

During the three months ended June 30, 2012, we recognized a $2.2 million realized gain on commodity derivative contracts related to the settlements recognized during the period and an $83.3 million unrealized gain related to the change in fair value of derivative contracts not meeting the criteria for cash flow hedge accounting. These realized and unrealized gains resulted from the changes in commodity prices and the effect of these price changes is discussed in the paragraph below. Our commodity derivative contracts in place during the second quarter 2012 did not completely insulate us from the decrease in pricing from the second quarter of 2011 due to a lower weighted average natural gas hedge price in 2012 and a widening oil differential to NYMEX on our production, which cannot be hedged. During the three months ended June 30, 2011, we recognized $0.6 million in losses on commodity cash flow hedges that previously met the criteria for cash flow hedge accounting. This amount relates to derivative contracts that we entered into in order to mitigate commodity price exposure on a portion of our expected production and designated as cash flow hedges. They were later de-designated as cash flow hedges and the loss for the three months ended June 30, 2011 relates to amounts that settled in the respective periods which have been reclassified to earnings from accumulated other comprehensive loss.

The purpose of our hedging program is to mitigate the volatility in our operating cash flow. Depending on the type of derivative contract used, hedging generally achieves this by the counterparty paying us when commodity prices are below the hedged price and by us paying the counterparty when commodity prices are above the hedged price. In either case, the impact on our operating cash flow is approximately the same. However, because our current hedges are not designated as cash flow hedges, there can be a significant amount of volatility in our earnings when we record the change in the fair value of our derivative contracts. As commodity prices fluctuate, the fair value of those contracts will fluctuate and the impact is reflected as a non-cash, unrealized gain or loss in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. However, these fair value changes that are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations only reflect the value of the derivative contracts to be settled in the future and do not take into consideration the value of the underlying commodity. If the fair value of the derivative contract goes down, it means that the value of the commodity being hedged has gone up, and the net impact to our cash flow when the contract settles and the commodity is sold in the market will be approximately the same. Conversely, if the fair value of the derivative contract goes up, it means the value of the commodity being hedged has gone down and again the net impact to our operating cash flow when the contract settles and the commodity is sold in the market will be approximately the same for the quantities hedged.

Costs and Expenses
 
Lease operating expenses include third-party transportation costs, gathering and compression fees, field personnel, and other customary charges. Lease operating expenses increased by $1.6 million to $16.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2011, of which $3.6 million related to increased lease operating expenses for oil and natural gas properties acquired during the second half of 2011 and first half of 2012. Additionally, this increase was offset by approximately $2.0 million of lease operating expenses incurred in the second quarter of 2011 associated with the Appalachian Basin properties divested in March 2012 in connection with the Unit Exchange.

 
28

 
 Production and other taxes include severance, ad valorem and other taxes. Severance taxes are a function of volumes and revenues generated from production. Ad valorem taxes vary by state/county and are based on the value of our reserves. Production and other taxes decreased by $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to the same period in 2011. As a percentage of wellhead revenues, production, severance, and ad valorem taxes increased from 9.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2011 to 10.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2012.

Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion decreased by approximately $0.7 million to $20.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2012 from approximately $21.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 primarily due a lower depletion base associated with the Appalachian properties divested in connection with the Unit Exchange.

Selling, general and administrative expenses include the costs of our administrative employees and executive officers, related benefits, office leases, professional fees and other costs not directly associated with field operations. These expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2012 decreased $2.5 million as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2011 principally due to lower compensation related expenses of approximately $1.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the same period in 2011 primarily due to the second quarter of 2011 including bonus accruals for the first half of 2011. Additionally, the three months ended June 30, 2011 included approximately $ 0.5 million in legal and advisory costs related to the ENP Merger completed in December 2011 and $0.3 million of integration costs associated with the ENP Acquisition.
 
Other Income and Expense

Interest expense increased to $9.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2012 from $6.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 primarily due to higher average outstanding debt under the Reserve-Based Credit Facility and additional debt outstanding along with a higher interest rate as a result of the Senior Notes offering completed in April 2012.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2012 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2011
 
Revenues
 
Oil, natural gas and NGLs sales decreased $3.3 million to $149.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to the same period in 2011. The key oil, natural gas and NGLs revenue measurements were as follows:

   
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
Percentage
Increase
(Decrease)
 
   
2012 (a)(b)
 
2011 (a)(c)
   
Average realized prices (d):
                 
Oil (Price/Bbl)
  $
87.39
 
$87.23
   
%
Natural Gas (Price/Mcf)
  $
3.45
 
$4.46
   
(23)
%
NGLs (Price/Bbl)
  $
52.00
 
$60.51
   
(14)
%
                   
Total production volumes:
                 
Oil (Bbls)
   
1,379,142
 
1,355,587
   
2
%
Natural Gas (MMcf)
   
4,267
 
5,210
   
(18)
%
    NGLs (Bbls)
   
267,275
 
179,684
   
49
%
Combined (MBOE)
   
2,358
 
2,404
   
(2)
%
                   
Average daily production volumes:
                 
Oil (Bbls/day)
   
7,578
 
7,490
   
1
%
Natural Gas (Mcf/day)
   
23,443
 
28,783
   
(18)
%
    NGLs (Bbls/day)
   
1,469
 
993
   
48
%
Combined (BOE/day)
   
12,953
 
13,279
   
(2)
%
 
 
(a)
During 2011 and 2012, we and ENP acquired certain oil and natural gas properties and related assets in the Permian Basin, Arkoma Basin, and the Wyoming, South Texas, Louisiana Gulf Coast areas. The operating results of these properties are included with ours from the date of acquisition forward.
 
(b)
On March 30, 2012, we divested oil and natural gas properties in the Appalachian Basin in connection with the Unit Exchange. As such, there are no operating results from these properties included in our operating results from the date of the divestiture forward.
 
(c)
Production from the properties acquired related to the ENP Purchase during 2011 through the date of the completion of the ENP Merger on December 1, 2011 was subject to a 53.4% non-controlling interest in ENP.
 
(d)
Excludes results from hedging activities.

 
29

 
The decrease in oil, natural gas and NGLs sales during the six months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the same period in 2011 was due primarily to the decreases in natural gas production and natural gas realized prices. Natural gas revenues decreased 37% from $23.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2011 to $14.7 million during the same period in 2012 as a result of an 18% decrease in our natural gas production volumes primarily related to the Appalachian Basin properties divested in connection with the Unit Exchange and a 23% decrease in the average realized natural gas sales price received, excluding hedges. Our lower average realized gas price was primarily due to a lower average NYMEX price, which decreased from $4.21 per Mcf in the first six months of 2011 to $2.50 per Mcf in the first six months of 2012. On a BOE basis, crude oil, natural gas and NGLs accounted for 59%, 30% and 11%, respectively, of our production during the six months ended June 30, 2012 compared to crude oil, natural gas, and NGLs of 57%, 36% and 7%, respectively, during the same period in 2011.

Hedging and Price Risk Management Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2012, we recognized a $1.1 million realized loss on commodity derivative contracts related to the settlements recognized during the period and a $60.6 million unrealized gain related to the change in fair value of derivative contracts not meeting the criteria for cash flow hedge accounting. These realized and unrealized gains and losses resulted from the changes in commodity prices, and the effect of these price changes is discussed in the paragraph below. Our commodity derivative contracts in place during the six months ended June 30, 2012, did not completely insulate us from the decrease in pricing from the first half of 2011 due to a lower weighted average natural gas hedge price in 2012 and a widening oil differential to NYMEX on our production, which cannot be hedged. During the six months ended June 30, 2011, we recognized a $1.7 million loss on commodity cash flow hedges that previously met the criteria for cash flow hedge accounting. This amount relates to derivative contracts that we entered into in order to mitigate commodity price exposure on a portion of our expected production and designated as cash flow hedges. They were later de-designated as cash flow hedges and the loss for the six months ended June 30, 2011 relates to amounts that settled in the respective periods which have been reclassified to earnings from accumulated other comprehensive loss.

The purpose of our hedging program is to help mitigate the volatility in our operating cash flow. Depending on the type of derivative contract used, hedging generally achieves this by the counterparty paying us when commodity prices are below the hedged price and by us paying the counterparty when commodity prices are above the hedged price. In either case, the impact on our operating cash flow is approximately the same. However, because our current hedges are not designated as cash flow hedges, there can be a significant amount of volatility in our earnings when we record the change in the fair value of our derivative contracts. As commodity prices fluctuate, the fair value of those contracts will fluctuate and the impact is reflected as a non-cash, unrealized gain or loss in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. However, these fair value changes that are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations only reflect the value of the derivative contracts to be settled in the future and do not take into consideration the value of the underlying commodity. If the fair value of the derivative contract goes down, it means that the value of the commodity being hedged has gone up, and the net impact to our cash flow when the contract settles and the commodity is sold in the market will be approximately the same. Conversely, if the fair value of the derivative contract goes up, it means the value of the commodity being hedged has gone down and again the net impact to our operating cash flow when the contract settles and the commodity is sold in the market will be approximately the same for the quantities hedged.

Costs and Expenses
 
Lease operating expenses increased by $7.8 million to $35.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2011, of which $7.2 million related to increased lease operating expenses for oil and natural gas properties acquired during the second half of 2011 and first half of 2012 and $2.8 million related to higher than anticipated costs for work in progress at year end 2011, resulting in an increase of costs in the current year activity. Additionally, this increase was offset by approximately $2.2 million lease operating expenses associated with the Appalachian Basin properties divested in connection with the Unit Exchange.

 
30

 
 Production and other taxes include severance, ad valorem and other taxes. Severance taxes are a function of volumes and revenues generated from production. Ad valorem taxes vary by state/county and are based on the value of our reserves. Production taxes increased by $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to the same period in 2011. As a percentage of wellhead revenues, production, severance, and ad valorem taxes increased slightly from 8.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2011 to 9.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2012.

Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion increased to approximately $42.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 from approximately $41.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 primarily due to the increase in oil and natural gas properties related to acquisitions completed during the second half of 2011.

Selling, general and administrative expenses include the costs of our administrative employees and executive officers, related benefits, office leases, professional fees and other costs not directly associated with field operations. These expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2012 decreased $2.4 million as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2011. Higher non-cash compensation expense related to additional unit grants in 2012 of approximately $0.4 million, additional corporate costs of $0.4 million and higher compensation related expenses of $0.6 million during the first six months of 2012, were offset by lower legal,  advisory and integration costs related to the ENP Merger completed in December 2011. During the six months ended of June 2011 we had approximately $0.5 million in legal and advisory costs related to the ENP Merger completed in December 2011 and $0.8 million of integration costs associated with the ENP Acquisition. Furthermore, contributing to the decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses, the six months ended June 30, 2012 included approximately $2.6 million additional producing overhead charged to non-operating interest owners in connection with the drilling and operating of wells acquired during the second half of 2011.

Other Income and Expense

Interest expense increased to $15.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to $13.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 primarily due to higher average outstanding debt under the Reserve-Based Credit Facility and additional debt outstanding along with a higher interest rate as a result of the Senior Notes offering completed in April 2012.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to select and apply accounting policies that best provide the framework to report its results of operations and financial position. The selection and application of those policies requires management to make difficult subjective or complex judgments concerning reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. As a result, there exists the likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions.
 
As of June 30, 2012, our critical accounting policies were consistent with those discussed in our 2011 Annual Report.   
 
Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates pertain to proved oil, natural gas and NGLs reserves and related cash flow estimates used in recording the acquisition of oil and natural gas properties and in impairment tests of oil and natural gas properties and goodwill, the fair value of derivative contracts and asset retirement obligations, accrued oil, natural gas and NGLs revenues and expenses, as well as estimates of expenses related to depreciation, depletion, amortization, and accretion. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

We have utilized private equity, proceeds from bank borrowings, cash flow from operations and the public debt and equity markets for capital resources and liquidity. To date, the primary use of capital has been for the acquisition and development of oil and natural gas properties; however, we expect to distribute to unitholders a significant portion of our free cash flow.  As we execute our business strategy, we will continually monitor the capital resources available to us to meet future financial obligations, planned capital expenditures, acquisition capital and distributions to our unitholders. Our future success in growing reserves, production and cash flow will be highly dependent on the capital resources available to us and our success in drilling for and acquiring additional reserves. We expect to fund our drilling capital expenditures and distributions to unitholders with cash flow from operations, while funding any acquisition capital expenditures that we might incur with borrowings under our Reserve-Based Credit Facility and publicly offered equity or debt, depending on market conditions. As of August 1, 2012, we had $250.0 million available to be borrowed under our Reserve-Based Credit Facility.

 
31

 
Our borrowing base under our Reserve-Based Credit Facility is subject to adjustment from time to time but not less than on a semi-annual basis based on the projected discounted present value of estimated future net cash flows (as determined by the bank’s petroleum engineers utilizing the bank’s internal projection of future oil, natural gas and NGLs prices) from our proved oil, natural gas and NGLs reserves. Our current borrowing base is $975.0 million and the next scheduled redetermination is in October 2012. Absent new acquisitions of oil and natural gas properties, if commodity prices decline in the future and banks lower their internal projections of oil, natural gas and NGLs prices, we will be subject to decreases in our borrowing base availability in the future.

Absent accretive acquisitions, to the extent available after unitholder distributions, debt service and capital expenditures, it is our intention to utilize our excess cash flow to reduce our borrowings under our Reserve-Based Credit facility.  Based upon current expectations, we believe existing liquidity and capital resources will be sufficient to conduct our business and operations for the foreseeable future.

Cash Flow from Operations
 
Net cash provided by operating activities was $97.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2012, as compared to $84.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2011. Changes in working capital increased total cash flows by $14.7 million in 2012 as compared to decreasing total cash flows by $8.5 million in 2011. Contributing to the increase in working capital during 2012 was a $5.0 million increase in accounts receivable resulting from the timing of collections and an $15.6 million increase in accounts payable and oil and natural gas revenue payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities that resulted primarily from the timing effects of payments, offset by a $5.3 million payment for restructuring premiums on derivative contacts. Unrealized derivative gains and losses are non-cash items and therefore did not impact our liquidity or cash flows provided by operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2012 or 2011.
 
Our cash flow from operations is subject to many variables, the most significant of which is the volatility of oil, natural gas and NGLs. Oil, natural gas and NGLs prices are determined primarily by prevailing market conditions, which are dependent on regional and worldwide economic activity, weather, and other factors beyond our control. Future cash flow from operations will depend on our ability to maintain and increase production through our drilling program and acquisitions, as well as the prices received for production. We enter into derivative contracts to reduce the impact of commodity price volatility on operations. Currently, we use a combination of fixed-price swaps, basis swaps, puts, swaptions, NYMEX collars and three-way collars to reduce our exposure to the volatility in oil, natural gas and NGLs prices. See Note 4 in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and Part 1—Item 3—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Commodity Price Risk, for details about derivatives in place through 2016 for oil and natural gas.
 
Cash Flow from Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was approximately $475.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012, as compared to $27.0 million during the same period in 2011. Cash used in investing activities during the first six months of 2012 was primarily attributable to $23.4 million for the drilling and development of oil and natural gas properties, $453.0 million for the Wyoming II and Arkoma Basin Acquisitions and $4.4 million for deposits and prepayments related to the drilling and development of oil and natural gas properties, offset by $5.4 million in proceeds from the partial sale of certain oil and natural gas leases in the Williston region. Cash used in investing activities during the first six months of 2011 was primarily attributable to $8.7 million for the drilling and development of oil and natural gas properties, $12.0 million for the acquisition of oil and natural gas properties, primarily in the Newfield Acquisition, and $10.7 million for deposits and prepayments related to the acquisition and drilling and development of oil and natural gas properties, offset by $5.0 million in proceeds from the divestiture of certain oil and natural gas properties in the Permian Basin.
 
 Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities was approximately $375.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012, as compared to cash used of $54.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011. Cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2012 included net proceeds from our public debt and equity offerings of $485.3 million. Additionally, cash of $37.0 million was used in the repayments of our financing arrangements, $10.4 million was paid for financing costs and $62.6 million was paid to unitholders in the form of distributions. Cash used in financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2011 included $34.1 million in distributions to unitholders and $24.3 million in ENP’s distributions to non-controlling interest, offset by $4.5 million in net proceeds from borrowings under our financing arrangements.

 
32

 
Debt and Credit Facilities

Reserve-Based Credit Facility

On September 30, 2011, we entered into the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with a maximum facility amount of $1.5 billion (the “Reserve-Based Credit Facility”) and an initial borrowing base of $765.0 million. This Credit Agreement provided for the (1) extension of the maturity date by five years maturing on October 31, 2016, (2) increase in the number of lenders from eight to twenty, (3) increase in the percentage of production that can be hedged into the future, (4) increase in the permitted debt to EBITDA coverage ratio from 3.5x to 4.0x, (5) elimination of the required interest coverage ratio, (6) elimination of the ten percent liquidity requirement to pay distributions to unitholders, and (7) ability to incur unsecured debt. Borrowings from the this Reserve-Based Credit Facility and the Second Lien Term Loan (as discussed below) were used to fully repay outstanding borrowings from ENP’s senior secured revolving credit facility and Vanguard’s $175.0 million term loan. In November 2011, we entered into the First Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which included amendments to (a) specify the effective date of November 30, 2011, (b) allow us to use the proceeds from our facility to refinance our debt under the Second Lien Term Loan, (c) include the current maturities under the Second Lien Term Loan in determining the consolidated current ratio, and (d) provide a cap on the amount of outstanding debt under the Second Lien Term Loan. On March 30, 2012, the closing date of the Unit Exchange, our borrowing base was reduced to $740.0 million and in April 2012, our borrowing base was further reduced to $670.0 million as a result of the completion of our Senior Notes offering.

On June 29, 2012, in connection with the closing of the Arkoma Basin Acquisition, we entered into the Second Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”). The Second Amendment increased the borrowing base to $975.0 million from $670.0 million and added two new lenders to the Reserve-Based Credit Facility.

At June 30, 2012, we had $734.0 million outstanding under our Reserve-Based Credit Facility and $241.0 million of borrowing capacity. The applicable margins and other fees increase as the utilization of the borrowing base increases as follows:

Borrowing Base Utilization Percentage
 
<25%
 
>25% <50%
 
>50% <75%
 
>75% <90%
 
>90%
 
Eurodollar Loans Margin
 
1.50%
 
1.75%
 
2.00%
 
2.25%
 
2.50%
 
ABR Loans Margin
 
0.50%
 
0.75%
 
1.00%
 
1.25%
 
1.50%
 
Commitment Fee Rate
 
0.50%
 
0.50%
 
0.375%
 
0.375%
 
0.375%
 
Letter of Credit Fee
 
0.50%
 
0.75%
 
1.00%
 
1.25%
 
1.50%
 
 
The borrowing base is subject to adjustment from time to time but not less than on a semi-annual basis based on the projected discounted present value of estimated future net cash flows (as determined by the bank’s petroleum engineers utilizing the bank’s internal projection of future oil, natural gas and NGLs prices) from our proved oil, natural gas and NGLs reserves. Absent new acquisitions of oil and natural gas properties, if commodity prices decline and banks lower their internal projections of oil, natural gas and NGLs prices, we will be subject to decreases in our borrowing base availability in the future.

As of August 1, 2012, we have $250.0 million available to be borrowed under our Reserve-Based Credit Facility.

Borrowings under the Reserve-Based Credit Facility are available for development and acquisition of oil and natural gas properties, working capital and general limited liability company purposes. Our obligations under the Reserve-Based Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of our assets.
 
At our election, interest is determined by reference to:
 
 
·
the London interbank offered rate, or LIBOR, plus an applicable margin between 1.50% and 2.50% per annum; or

 
·
a domestic bank rate plus an applicable margin between 0.50% and 1.50% per annum.
 
As of June 30, 2012, we had elected for interest to be determined by reference to the LIBOR method described above. Interest is generally payable quarterly for domestic bank rate loans and at the applicable maturity date for LIBOR loans, but not less frequently than quarterly.
 
The Reserve-Based Credit Facility contains various covenants that limit our ability to:
 
 
·
incur indebtedness;
 
 
·
grant certain liens;

 
33

 
 
·
make certain loans, acquisitions, capital expenditures and investments;
 
 
·
merge or consolidate; or

 
·
engage in certain asset dispositions, including a sale of all or substantially all of our assets.
 
The Reserve-Based Credit Facility also contains covenants that, among other things, require us to maintain specified ratios or conditions as follows: 

 
·
consolidated current assets, including the unused amount of the total commitments, to consolidated current liabilities of not less than 1.0 to 1.0, excluding non-cash assets and liabilities under ASC Topic 815, which includes the current portion of derivative contracts; and
 
 
·
consolidated debt to consolidated net income plus interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, accretion, changes in fair value of derivative instruments and other similar charges, minus all non-cash income added to consolidated net income, and giving pro forma effect to any acquisitions or capital expenditures of not more than 4.0 to 1.0.
 
We have the ability to borrow under the Reserve-Based Credit Facility to pay distributions to unitholders as long as there has not been a default or event of default.

We believe that we were in compliance with the terms of our Reserve-Based Credit Facility at June 30, 2012. If an event of default exists under the reserve-based credit agreement, the lenders will be able to accelerate the maturity of the credit agreement and exercise other rights and remedies. Each of the following will be an event of default:

 
·
failure to pay any principal when due or any interest, fees or other amount within certain grace periods;

 
·
a representation or warranty is proven to be incorrect when made;

 
·
failure to perform or otherwise comply with the covenants in the credit agreement or other loan documents, subject, in certain instances, to certain grace periods;

 
·
default by us on the payment of any other indebtedness in excess of $5.0 million, or any event occurs that permits or causes the acceleration of the indebtedness;

 
·
bankruptcy or insolvency events involving us or our subsidiaries;

 
·
the entry of, and failure to pay, one or more adverse judgments in excess of 2% of the existing borrowing base (to the extent not covered by independent third party insurance provided by insurers of the highest claims paying rating or financial strength as to which the insurer does not dispute coverage and is not subject to insolvency proceeding) or one or more non-monetary judgments that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect and for which enforcement proceedings are brought or that are not stayed pending appeal;

 
·
specified events relating to our employee benefit plans that could reasonably be expected to result in liabilities in excess of $2.0 million in any year; and
  
 
·
a change of control, which includes (1) an acquisition of ownership, directly or indirectly, beneficially or of record, by any person or group (within the meaning of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC) of equity interests representing more than 25% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by our issued and outstanding equity interests, or (2) the replacement of a majority of our directors by persons not approved by our board of directors.
 
 
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Senior Notes

On April 4, 2012, we and our wholly-owned subsidiary, VNRF, completed a public offering of $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.875% senior unsecured notes due 2020 (the “Senior Notes”), at a public offering price of 99.274%, resulting in aggregate net proceeds of $339.6 million, after underwriting discounts and before expenses. Under the indenture governing the Senior Notes (the “Indenture”), all of our existing subsidiaries (other than VNRF) and certain of our future subsidiaries (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) have unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on an unsecured basis, the Senior Notes, subject to release under certain of the following circumstances: (i) upon the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the subsidiary’s properties or assets, (ii) upon the sale or other disposition of our equity interests in the subsidiary, (iii) upon designation of the subsidiary as an unrestricted subsidiary in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, (iv) upon legal defeasance or covenant defeasance or the discharge of the Indenture, (v) upon the liquidation or dissolution of the subsidiary; (vi) upon the subsidiary ceasing to guarantee any other of our indebtedness and to be an obligor under any of our credit facilities, or (vii) upon such subsidiary dissolving or ceasing to exist after consolidating with, merging into or transferring all of its properties or assets to us.

The Indenture also contains covenants that will limit our ability to (i) incur, assume or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue preferred units; (ii) create liens to secure indebtedness; (iii) make distributions on, purchase or redeem our common units or purchase or redeem subordinated indebtedness; (iv) make investments; (v) restrict dividends, loans or other asset transfers from our restricted subsidiaries; (vi) consolidate with or merge with or into, or sell substantially all of our properties to, another person; (vii) sell or otherwise dispose of assets, including equity interests in subsidiaries; (viii) enter into transactions with affiliates; or (ix) create unrestricted subsidiaries. These covenants are subject to important exceptions and qualifications.  If the Senior Notes achieve an investment grade rating from each of Standard & Poor’s Rating Services and Moody’s Investors Services, Inc. and no default under the Indenture exists, many of the foregoing covenants will terminate.

Interest on the Senior Notes is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on October 1, 2012. We may redeem some or all of the Senior Notes at any time on or after April 1, 2016 at redemption prices of 103.93750% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes as of April 1, 2016, declining to 100% on April 1, 2018 and thereafter.  We may also redeem some or all of the Senior Notes at any time prior to April 1, 2016 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes thereof, plus a "make-whole" premium. In addition, before April 1, 2015, we may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes at a redemption price equal to 107.875% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes thereof, with the proceeds of certain equity offerings, provided that 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes remain outstanding immediately after any such redemption and the redemption occurs within 180 days of such equity offering. If we sell certain of our assets or experience certain changes of control, we may be required to repurchase all or a portion of the Senior Notes at a price equal to 100% and 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes, respectively. We used a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to repay all indebtedness outstanding under our Second Lien Term Loan, and applied the balance of the net proceeds to outstanding borrowings under our Reserve-Based Credit Facility.

 Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
At June 30, 2012, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, an effect on our financial position or results of operations.
 
Contingencies
 
We regularly analyze current information and accrue for probable liabilities on the disposition of certain matters, as necessary. Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. There have been no material developments regarding our pending litigation related to the ENP Merger as discussed in Part I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings in our 2011 Annual Report, other than as set forth in Part II, Item 1, Legal Proceedings in this Quarterly Report.
 
 
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 Commitments and Contractual Obligations
 
A summary of our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2012 is provided in the following table (in thousands):

   
Payments Due by Year (in thousands)
 
   
 
2012
   
2013
   
2014
   
2015
   
2016
   
After 2016
   
Total
 
Management base salaries
  $ 630     $ 131     $     $     $     $     $ 761  
Asset retirement obligations (1)
    787       2,143       830       724       2,840       38,536       45,860  
Derivative liabilities (2)
    4,663       11,911       10,649       9,680       3,595             40,498  
Financing arrangements (3)
                            734,000       350,000       1,084,000  
Operating leases
    276       204       215       195                   890  
Development commitments (4)
    4,627                                     4,627  
Total  
  $ 10,983     $ 14,389     $ 11,694     $ 10,599     $ 740,435     $ 388,536     $ 1,176,636  

 
(1)
Represents the discounted future plugging and abandonment costs of oil and natural gas wells and the decommissioning of ENP’s Elk Basin gas plant. Please read Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1. Unaudited Financial Statements for additional information regarding our asset retirement obligations.
 
(2)
Represents liabilities for commodity and interest rate derivative contracts, the ultimate settlement of which are unknown because they are subject to continuing market risk. Please read “Item 3—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1. Unaudited Financial Statements for additional information regarding our commodity and interest rate derivative contracts.
 
(3)
This table does not include interest to be paid on the principal balances shown as the interest rates on our financing arrangements   are variable. Please read Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1. Unaudited Financial Statements for additional information regarding our long-term debt.
 
(4)
Represents authorized purchases for work in process.

Non-GAAP Financial Measure

Adjusted EBITDA

We present Adjusted EBITDA in addition to our reported net income attributable to Vanguard unitholders in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that is defined as net income attributable to Vanguard unitholders plus, for 2011, net income attributable to the non-controlling interest. The result is net income which includes the non-controlling interest for 2011. From this we add or subtract the following:

 
Net interest expense, including write-off of deferred financing fees and realized gains and losses on interest rate derivative contracts;

 
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion;

 
Amortization of premiums paid on derivative contracts;

 
Amortization of value on derivative contracts acquired;

 
Unrealized gains and losses on commodity and interest rate derivative contracts;

 
Net gains and losses on acquisition of oil and natural gas properties;

 
Deferred taxes;

 
Unit-based compensation expense;
 
 
Unrealized fair value of phantom units granted to officers;

 
Material transaction costs incurred on acquisitions and mergers;

 
For 2011, non-controlling interest amounts attributable to each of the items above which revert the calculation back to an amount attributable to the Vanguard unitholders; and

 
For 2011, administrative services fees charged to ENP, excluding the non-controlling interest, which are eliminated in consolidation.

 
36

 
Adjusted EBITDA is a significant performance metric used by management as a tool to measure (prior to the establishment of any cash reserves by our board of directors, debt service and capital expenditures) the cash distributions we could pay our unitholders. Specifically, this financial measure indicates to investors whether or not we are generating cash flow at a level that can sustain or support an increase in our quarterly distribution rates. Adjusted EBITDA is also used as a quantitative standard by our management and by external users of our financial statements such as investors, research analysts, and others to assess the financial performance of our assets without regard to financing methods, capital structure, or historical cost basis; the ability of our assets to generate cash sufficient to pay interest costs and support our indebtedness; and our operating performance and return on capital as compared to those of other companies in our industry.
 
Our Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income, operating income, cash flow from operating activities, or any other measure of financial performance or liquidity presented in accordance with GAAP. Our Adjusted EBITDA excludes some, but not all, items that affect net income and operating income and these measures may vary among other companies. Therefore, our Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.
 
For the three months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2011, Adjusted EBITDA attributable to Vanguard unitholders increased 22%, from $36.5 million to $44.5 million.  For the six months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2011, Adjusted EBITDA attributable to Vanguard unitholders increased 32%, from $74.1 million to $97.7 million. The following table presents a reconciliation of consolidated net income to Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):
 
   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
   
Six Months Ended
 June 30,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
Net income attributable to Vanguard unitholders
  $ 103,447     $ 31,799     $ 101,423     $ 1,387  
        Net income attributable to non-controlling interest
          20,171             533  
Net income
    103,447       51,970       101,423       1,920  
Plus:
                               
Interest expense, including realized losses on interest rate derivative contracts
    10,396       7,453       16,301       15,133  
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion
    20,855       21,551       42,652       41,378  
Amortization of premiums paid on derivative contracts
    3,725       471       6,959       4,838  
Amortization of value on derivative contracts acquired
          66             118  
Unrealized (gains) losses on commodity and interest rate derivative contracts
    (80,686 )     (30,743 )     (57,531 )     40,715  
Net (gain) loss on acquisition of oil and natural gas properties
    (14,126 )     870       (13,796 )     870  
Deferred taxes
    (67 )     83       (137 )     195  
Unit-based compensation expense
    815       667       1,576       1,146  
Fair value of phantom units granted to officers
    91       21       242       233  
Material transaction costs incurred on acquisitions and mergers
          563             563  
Adjusted EBITDA before non-controlling interest
    44,450       52,972       97,689       107,109  
Non-controlling interest attributable to adjustments above
          (17,239 )           (34,499 )
Administrative services fees eliminated in consolidation
          727             1,467  
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to Vanguard unitholders
  $ 44,450     $ 36,460     $ 97,689     $ 74,077  


The primary objective of the following information is to provide forward-looking quantitative and qualitative information about our potential exposure to market risks. The term “market risk” refers to the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in oil, natural gas and NGLs prices and interest rates. The disclosures are not meant to be precise indicators of exposure, but rather indicators of potential exposure. This forward-looking information provides indicators of how we view and manage our ongoing market risk exposures. All of our market risk sensitive instruments were entered into for purposes other than speculative trading. Conditions sometimes arise where actual production is less than estimated, which has, and could result in overhedged volumes.
 
 
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Commodity Price Risk
 
Our major market risk exposure is in the pricing applicable to our oil, natural gas and NGLs production. Realized pricing is primarily driven by the Henry Hub, Houston Ship Channel, West Texas (“Waha Index”), El Paso Natural Gas Company (Permian Basin), Colorado Interstate Gas Company (Rocky Mountains) and Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corp: Zone 4 prices for natural gas production and the West Texas Intermediate (“WTI”) Light Sweet price for oil production. Pricing for oil, natural gas and NGLs production has been volatile and unpredictable for several years, and we expect this volatility to continue in the future. The prices we receive for production depend on many factors outside our control. In addition, the potential exists that if commodity prices decline to a certain level, the borrowing base can be decreased at the borrowing base redetermination date to an amount lower than the amount of debt currently outstanding and, because it would be uneconomical, production could decline to levels below our hedged volumes.

Furthermore, the risk that we will be required to write down the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties increases when oil and gas prices are low or volatile. In addition, write downs may occur if we experience substantial downward adjustments to our estimated proved reserves or if estimated future development costs increase. 
 
We enter into derivative contracts with respect to a portion of our projected oil and natural gas production through various transactions that mitigate the volatility of future prices received. These transactions may include price swaps whereby we will receive a fixed-price for our production and pay a variable market price to the contract counterparty. Additionally, we may acquire put options for which we pay the counterparty an option premium, equal to the fair value of the option at the purchase date. As each monthly contract settles, we receive the excess, if any, of the fixed floor over the floating rate. We also enter into basis swap contracts which guarantee a price differential between the NYMEX prices and our physical pricing points. We receive a payment from the counterparty or make a payment to the counterparty for the difference between the settled price differential and amounts stated under the terms of the contract. Furthermore, we may enter into collars where we pay the counterparty if the market price is above the ceiling price and the counterparty pays us if the market price is below the floor on a notional quantity. We also may enter into three-way collar contracts which combine a long put, a short put and a short call. The use of the long put combined with the short put allows us to sell a call at a higher price thus establishing a higher ceiling and limiting our exposure to future settlement payments while also restricting our downside risk to the difference between the long put and the short put if the price of NYMEX WTI crude oil drops below the price of the short put. This allows us to settle for WTI market plus the spread between the short put and the long put in a case where the market price has fallen below the short put fixed price. We also enter into swaption agreements, under which we provide options to counterparties to extend swap contracts into subsequent years. In deciding which type of derivative instrument to use, our management considers the relative benefit of each type against any cost that would be incurred, prevailing commodity market conditions and management’s view on future commodity pricing. The amount of oil and natural gas production which is hedged is determined by applying a percentage to the expected amount of production in our most current reserve report in a given year. Typically, management intends to hedge 75% to 85% of projected production up to a four year period. These activities are intended to support our realized commodity prices at targeted levels and to manage our exposure to oil and natural gas price fluctuations. It is never management’s intention to hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes. Management will consider liquidating a derivative contract if they believe that they can take advantage of an unusual market condition allowing them to realize a current gain and then have the ability to enter into a new derivative contract in the future at or above the commodity price of the contract that was liquidated.
 
At June 30, 2012, the fair value of commodity derivative contracts was an asset of approximately $146.1 million, of which $74.8 million settles during the next twelve months.

The following table summarizes natural gas commodity derivative contracts in place at June 30, 2012:

   
July 1, -
December 31, 2012
   
Year
2013
   
Year
2014
   
Year
2015
 
Gas Positions:
                       
Fixed Price Swaps:
                       
Notional Volume (MMBtu)
    11,261,168       22,338,000       13,835,225       7,300,000  
Fixed Price ($/MMBtu)
  $ 6.32     $ 6.07     $ 6.16     $ 5.58  
Puts:
                               
Notional Volume (MMBtu)
    165,232                    
Fixed Price ($/MMBtu)
  $ 6.76     $     $     $  
Total Gas Positions:
                               
Notional Volume (MMBtu)
    11,426,400       22,338,000       13,835,225       7,300,000  
Floor Price ($/MMBtu)
  $ 6.33     $ 6.07     $ 6.16     $ 5.58  

In July 2012, we restructured the natural gas swaps acquired in connection with the Arkoma Basin Acquisition. See Note 12 Subsequent Events in The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details about this restructuring.

 
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The following table summarizes oil commodity derivative contracts in place at June 30, 2012:

   
July 1, -
December 31, 2012
   
Year
2013
   
Year
2014
   
Year
2015
 
Oil Positions:
                   
 
 
Fixed Price Swaps:
                       
    Notional Volume (Bbls)
    747,960       1,350,500       1,414,375        
    Fixed Price ($/Bbl)
  $ 87.95     $ 89.18     $ 89.91     $  
Collars:
                               
    Notional Volume (Bbls)
    207,000       82,125       12,000        
    Floor Price ($/Bbl)
  $ 80.89     $ 88.89     $ 100.00     $  
    Ceiling Price ($/Bbl)
  $ 99.47     $ 107.34     $ 116.20     $  
Three-Way Collars:
                               
    Notional Volume (Bbls)
    432,400       1,163,150       565,750       194,055  
    Floor Price ($/Bbl)
  $ 88.94     $ 93.93     $ 98.06     $ 100.00  
    Ceiling Price ($/Bbl)
  $ 104.02     $ 105.98     $ 108.86     $ 124.53  
    Put Sold ($/Bbl)
  $ 69.36     $ 68.94     $ 74.19       75.00  
Put Spreads:
                               
    Notional Volume (Bbls)
                      255,500  
    Floor Price ($/Bbl)
  $     $     $     $ 100.00  
Put Sold ($/Bbl)
  $     $     $     $ 75.00  
Total Oil Positions:
                               
    Notional Volume (Bbls)
    1,387,360       2,595,775       1,992,125       449,555  
    Floor Price ($/Bbl)
  $ 87.20     $ 91.30     $ 92.29     $ 100.00  

As of June 30, 2012, the Company had the following open basis swap contracts:

   
July 1, -
December 31, 2012
   
Year
2013
   
Year
2014
 
Gas Positions:
                 
Notional Volume (MMBtu)
    460,000       912,500       452,500  
Weighted Avg. Basis Differential ($/MMBtu)(1)
  $ (0.32 )   $ (0.32 )   $ (0.32 )
                         
Oil Positions:
                       
Notional Volume (Bbls)
    42,000       84,000        
Weighted Avg. Basis Differential ($/Bbl) (2)
  $ 15.15     $ 9.60     $  

(1)  
Natural gas basis swap contracts represent a weighted average differential between prices against Rocky Mountains (CIGC) and NYMEX Henry Hub prices.
(2)  
Oil basis swap contracts represent a weighted average differential between prices against Light Louisiana Sweet Crude (LLS) and NYMEX WTI prices.

Calls were sold or options provided to counterparties under swaption agreements to extend the swaps into subsequent years as follows:
 
   
July 1, -
December 31, 2012
   
Year
2013
   
Year
2014
   
Year
2015
   
Year
2016
 
Gas Positions:
                             
Notional Volume (MMBtu)
                1,642,500              
Weighted Average Fixed Price ($/MMBtu)
  $     $     $ 5.69     $     $  
                                         
Oil Positions:
                                       
Notional Volume (Bbls)
    69,000       196,350       492,750       508,445       622,200  
Weighted Average Fixed Price ($/Bbl)
  $ 100.00     $ 100.73     $ 117.22     $ 105.98     $ 125.00  

 
39

 
Interest Rate Risks

At June 30, 2012, we had debt outstanding of $1.08 billion. The amount outstanding under our Reserve-Based Credit Facility at June 30, 2012 of which $734.0 million is subject to interest at floating rates based on LIBOR. If the debt remains the same, a 10% increase in LIBOR would result in an estimated $0.1 million increase in annual interest expense after consideration of the interest rate swaps discussed below.

We enter into interest rate swaps, which require exchanges of cash flows that serve to synthetically convert a portion of our variable interest rate obligations to fixed interest rates. The Company records changes in the fair value of its interest rate derivatives in current earnings under unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate derivative contracts.

The following summarizes information concerning our positions in open interest rate derivative contracts at June 30, 2012 (in thousands):

   
July 1 -
December 31, 2012
   
2013
   
2014
   
2015 (1)
   
2016
 
Weighted Average Notional Amount
  $ 274,239     $ 285,000     $ 285,000     $ 217,932     $ 91,669  
Weighted Average Fixed LIBOR Rate
    1.48 %     1.50 %     1.50 %     1.39 %     1.51 %
 
 
(1)
The counterparty has the option to extend the termination date of this contract to August 5, 2018. Additionally, we sold the option to a counterparty to put us into a $25,000 LIBOR swap at 1.25% beginning September 7, 2012 through September 7, 2016.

Counterparty Risk

At June 30, 2012, based upon all of our open derivative contracts shown above and their respective mark to market values, we had the following current and long-term derivative assets and liabilities shown by counterparty with their current S&P financial strength rating in parentheses (in thousands):

   
Current
Assets
   
Long-Term Assets
   
Current Liabilities
   
Long-Term Liabilities
   
Total Amount Due From/(Owed To) Counterparty at
June 30, 2012
 
Citibank, N.A. (A)
  $ 4,737     $ 5,601     $     $     $ 10,338  
Wells Fargo Bank N.A./Wachovia Bank, N.A. (AA-)
    17,788       11,531       (1,313 )     (2,568 )     25,438  
JP Morgan (A+)
    31,693       31,288                   62,981  
The Bank of Nova Scotia (AA-)
    4,478       3,886       (574 )     (1,908 )     5,882  
BBVA Compass (BBB)
          310                   310  
Credit Agricole (A)
    4,249       7,006       (341 )     (1,070 )     9,844  
Royal Bank of Canada (AA-)
    2,465       757                   3,222  
Natixis (A)
    1,172       833                   2,005  
Bank of America (A)
                (477 )     (1,345 )     (1,822 )
Bank of Montreal (A+)
    6,506       7,320                   13,826  
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (A+)
    2,044       1,974                   4,018  
Barclays (A+)
          711                   711  
Total
  $ 75,132     $ 71,217     $ (2,705 )   $ (6,891 )   $ 136,753  
 
In order to mitigate the credit risk of financial instruments, we enter into master netting agreements with our counterparties. The master netting agreement is a standardized, bilateral contract between a given counterparty and us. Instead of treating each financial transaction between the counterparty and us separately, the master netting agreement enables the counterparty and us to aggregate all financial trades and treat them as a single agreement. This arrangement is intended to benefit us in two ways: (1) default by a counterparty under one financial trade can trigger rights to terminate all financial trades with such counterparty; and (2) netting of settlement amounts reduces our credit exposure to a given counterparty in the event of close-out.

 
40

 

 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), we have evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Based upon the evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2012 at the reasonable assurance level.     

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the second fiscal quarter of 2012 that have materially affected, or are reasonable likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.


 
41

 

 
 
The Company is a defendant in legal proceedings arising in the normal course of our business. While the outcome and impact of such legal proceedings on the Company cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that it is probable that the outcome of any action will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flow. There have been no material developments regarding our pending litigation related to the ENP Merger as discussed in Part I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings in our 2011 Annual Report, other than as set forth below.

On August 28, 2011, Herman Goldstein, a purported unitholder of ENP, filed a putative class action complaint against ENP, ENP GP, Scott W. Smith, Richard A. Robert, Douglas Pence, W. Timothy Hauss, John E. Jackson, David C. Baggett, Martin G. White, and Vanguard in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas on behalf of the unitholders of ENP. That lawsuit is captioned Goldstein v. Encore Energy Partners LP. et al., United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, 4:11-cv-03198.  Plaintiff alleged that the named defendants violated Sections 14(a) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended, and Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder by disseminating a false and materially misleading proxy statement in connection with the merger. Plaintiff sought an injunction prohibiting the proposed merger from going forward. The case was voluntarily dismissed on June 11, 2012.

In addition, we are not aware of any legal or governmental proceedings against us, or contemplated to be brought against us, under the various environmental protection statutes to which we are subject.
 
 
Our business faces many risks. Any of the risks discussed below or elsewhere in this Quarterly Report or our other SEC filings could have a material impact on our business, financial position or results of operations. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also impair our business operations. For a detailed discussion of the risk factors that should be understood by any investor contemplating investment in our common units, please refer to Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors in our 2011 Annual Report and to Part II-Item 1A-Risk Factors in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2012, as supplemented by the risk factor set forth below. There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in our 2011 Annual Report and Part II-Item 1A-Risk Factors in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2012, other than as set forth below.

The tax treatment of publicly-traded partnerships or an investment in our common units could be subject to potential legislative, judicial or administrative changes and differing interpretations, possibly on a retroactive basis.

The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of publicly-traded partnerships, including us, or an investment in our common units may be modified by administrative, legislative or judicial changes or differing interpretations at any time. For example, from time to time, members of the U.S. Congress propose and consider substantive changes to the existing federal income tax laws that affect publicly traded partnerships.  Currently, one such legislative proposal would eliminate the qualifying income exception upon which we rely for our treatment as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Any modification to the U.S. federal income tax laws may be applied retroactively and could make it more difficult or impossible to meet the exception for certain publicly-traded partnerships to be treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We are unable to predict whether any such legislation will ultimately be enacted. However, it is possible that a change in law could affect us and may, if enacted, be applied retroactively.  Any such changes could negatively impact the value of an investment in our common units.

Lower oil, natural gas and NGLs prices and other factors have resulted, and in the future may result, in ceiling test or goodwill write downs and other impairments of our asset carrying values.
 
We use the full cost method of accounting to report our oil and natural gas properties. Under this method, we capitalize the cost to acquire, explore for, and develop oil and natural gas properties. Under full cost accounting rules, the net capitalized costs of proved oil and natural gas properties may not exceed a “ceiling limit,” which is based upon the present value of estimated future net cash flows from proved reserves, discounted at 10%. If net capitalized costs of proved oil and natural gas properties exceed the ceiling limit, we must charge the amount of the excess to earnings. This is called a “ceiling test write down.” Under the accounting rules, we are required to perform a ceiling test each quarter. A ceiling test write down would not impact cash flow from operating activities, but it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period incurred and would reduce our members’ equity.

 
42

 
 
The risk that we will be required to write down the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties increases when oil, natural gas and NGLs prices are low or volatile. In addition, accounting rules may require us to write down, as a non-cash charge to earnings, the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties and goodwill if we experience substantial downward adjustments to our estimated proved reserves, or if estimated future operating or development costs increase. Based on the 11-month average oil, natural gas and NGLs prices through August 1, 2012 and if such prices do not change during August, we anticipate that we will record a ceiling test write down of approximately $30.0 million at September 30, 2012. However, such estimate is contingent upon many factors such as the price of oil, natural gas and NGLs as of September 1, 2012, increases or decreases in our reserve base, changes in estimated costs and expenses, and other factors which could increase, decrease or eliminate the need for such an impairment.
 
Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
 
None.
 
 
 
 
None.
 

Not applicable.
 
 
None.
 
     
Each exhibit identified below is filed as a part of this Report.
 
Exhibit No.
 
Exhibit Title
 
Incorporated by Reference to the Following
1.1
 
Amendment No. 3 to Amended and Restated Equity Distribution Agreement, dated May 4, 2012, by and among Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC and Knight Capital Americas, L.P.
 
Filed herewith
3.1
 
Certificate of Formation of Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC
 
Form S-1/A, filed April 25, 2007 (File No. 333-142363)
3.2
 
Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC (including specimen unit certificate for the units)
 
Form 8-K, filed November 2, 2007 (File No. 001-33756)
4.1
 
Indenture, dated as of April 4, 2012, among Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC and VNR Finance Corp., as Issuers, the Subsidiary Guarantors named therein, as Guarantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee
 
Form 8-K, filed April 4, 2012 (File No. 001-33756)
4.2
 
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 4, 2012, among Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC and VNR Finance Corp., as Issuers, the Subsidiary Guarantors named therein, as Guarantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee
 
Form 8-K, filed April 4, 2012 (File No. 001-33756)
10.1
 
Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated June 1, 2012 between Vanguard Permian, LLC and Antero Resources Corporation
 
Form 8-K, filed June 4, 2012 (File No. 001-33756)
10.2
 
Second Amendment, dated June 29, 2012, to Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, by and between Vanguard Natural Gas, LLC, Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto
 
Form 8-K, filed July 10, 2012 (File No. 001-33756)
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a -14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
Filed herewith
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a -14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
Filed herewith
32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
Filed herewith
32.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
Filed herewith


 
43

 


 
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
VANGUARD NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC
 
(Registrant)
   
Date: August 3, 2012
 
 
/s/ Richard A. Robert
 
Richard A. Robert
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)