Exhibit 3.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS

OF

NANOVIRICIDES, INC.

A Nevada corporation

(the "Corporation")

ARTICLE I

OFFICES

Offices. The registered office of the Corporation is located in the city and state designed by the Corporation in its Articles of Incorporation.  The Corporation may also maintain offices at such other places both within and without the State of Nevada as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

ARTICLE II

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

SECTION 1.  Annual Meetings.  A meeting of the stockholders for the purpose of electing directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting shall be held annually at 10 A.M. on November 1, or at such other time on such other day as shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.  If the day fixed for the annual meeting shall be a legal holiday, such meeting shall be held on the next succeeding business day.

SECTION 2.  Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by a majority of the Board of Directors, by the Chairman of the Board, or by the President and shall be called by the Secretary at the request of the holders of not less than fifty-one percent of all issued and outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote at the meeting.

SECTION 3. Place of Meetings.  The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be held at the general offices of the Corporation in the City of West Haven, Connecticut, or at such other place in the United States as may be stated in the notice of the meeting.  All other meetings of the stockholders shall be held at such places within or without the State of Nevada as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting.

SECTION 4.  Notice of Meetings.  Except as otherwise provided by law, written notice of each meeting of the stockholders, whether annual or special, shall be given not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting.  If mailed, notice shall be given when deposited in the United States mails, postage prepaid, directed to such stockholder at his address as it appears in the stock ledger of the Corporation.  Each such notice shall state the place, date and hour of the meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.

Page 1 of 14

When a meeting is adjourned to another time and place, notice of the adjourned meeting need not be given if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is given.  If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

SECTION 5.  Quorum.  At any meeting of the stockholders the holders of record of a majority of the total number of outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for all purposes, provided that at any meeting at which the holders of any series of class of stock shall be entitled, voting as a class, to elect  Directors, the holders of record of a majority of the total number of outstanding shares of such series or class, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the purpose of such election.

In the absence of a quorum at any meeting, the holders of a majority of the shares of stock entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting, may adjourn the meeting, from time to time, until the holders of the number of shares requisite to constitute a quorum shall be present in person or represented at the meeting.  At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally convened.

SECTION 6.  Organization.  At each meeting of the stockholders, the Chairman of the Board, or if he so designates or is absent, the President, shall act as Chairman of the meeting. In the absence of both the Chairman of the Board and the President, such person as shall have been designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of such designation a person elected by the holders of a majority in number of shares of stock present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote at the meeting, shall act as Chairman of the meeting.

The Secretary or, in his absence, an Assistant Secretary or, in the absence of the Secretary and all of the Assistant Secretaries, any person appointed by the Chairman of the meeting shall act as Secretary of the meeting.

SECTION 7.  Voting.  Unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation or a resolution of the Board of Directors creating a series of stock, and designating the rights thereto, at each meeting of the stockholders, each holder of shares of any series or class of stock entitled to vote at such meeting shall be entitled to cast one vote for each share of stock having voting power in respect of each matter upon which a vote is to be taken, except for the casting of votes for directors which is set forth in Section 8 herein, standing in his name on the stock ledger of the Corporation on the record date fixed as provided in these Amended and Restated By-Laws for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting or, if no record date be fixed, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice of the meeting is given.  Shares of its own capital stock belonging to the Corporation, or to another Corporation if a majority of the shares entitled to vote in he election of directors of such other Corporation is held by the Corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor counted for quorum purposes.

Page 2 of 14

At all meetings of stockholders for the election of Directors the voting shall be by ballot, and the persons having the greatest number of votes shall be deemed and declared elected. All other elections and questions submitted to a vote of the stockholders shall, unless otherwise provided by law or the Articles of Incorporation, be decided by the affirmative vote of the majority of shares which are present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter.

SECTION 8.  Cumulative Voting of Directors.  Except as otherwise provided by the Board of Directors in establishing any class or series of stock with respect to such class or series, each shareholder who is entitled to vote in the election of Directors is entitled in any such election to multiply the number of votes that the shareholder would be entitled to cast for the election of Directors multiplied by the number of Directors to be elected, and to cast all of such votes for a single candidate or distribute such votes among any two or more candidates, as the shareholder sees fit.

SECTION 9.  Inspectors.  Prior to each meeting of stockholders, the Board of Directors shall appoint two Inspectors who are not directors, candidates for directors or officers of the Corporation, who shall receive and determine the validity of proxies and the qualifications of voters, and receive, inspect, count and report to the meeting in writing the votes cast on all matters submitted to a vote at such meeting. In case of failure of the Board of Directors to make such appointments or in case of failure of any Inspector so appointed to act, the Chairman of the Board shall make such appointment or fill such vacancies.

Each Inspector, immediately before entering upon his duties, shall subscribe to an oath or affirmation faithfully to execute the duties of Inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of his ability.

SECTION 10.  List of Stockholders.  The Secretary or other officer or agent having charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares of each class and series registered in the name of each such stockholder.  Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.

SECTION 11.  Business at Meetings of Stockholders.

(a)  General.  The business to be conducted at any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation shall be limited to such business and nominations as shall comply with the procedures set forth in this Article and Article XII of these Amended and Restated By-laws.

Page 3 of 14

(b)  Notification of Stockholder Business.  At any special meeting of stockholders only such business shall be conducted as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of special meeting. At an annual meeting of stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be either (i) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, including matters included pursuant to Rule 14a-8 of the Securities and Exchange Commission, (ii) otherwise (a) properly requested to be brought before the meeting by a stockholder of record entitled to vote in the elections of directors generally, and (b) constitute a proper subject to be brought before the meeting. In addition to any other applicable requirements, for business (other than the election of directors) to be otherwise properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the business must be a proper matter for stockholder action and the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's notice must be addressed to and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation, not more than 150 days and not less than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year's annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the meeting is more than 30 days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the 15th day following the day on which notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or public disclosure was made, whichever first occurs. A stockholder's notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each matter (other than the election of directors) the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii) the name and record address of the stockholder proposing such business and of each beneficial owner on behalf of which the stockholder is acting, (iii) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder and by any such beneficial owner, (iv) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to present such business, (v) any material interest of the stockholder and of any such beneficial owner in such business; and (vi) whether the proponent intends or is part of a group which intends to solicit proxies from other stockholders in support of such proposal.

Notwithstanding anything in these Amended and Restated By-Laws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at an annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 10 of Article II, provided, however, that nothing in this Section 10 of Article II shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any business properly brought before the annual meeting.

The Chairman of an annual or special meeting shall have the power and duty to determine and shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of this Section 10 of Article II, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.

ARTICLE III

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

SECTION 1.  Number, Qualification and Term of Office.  The business, property and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by a Board consisting of not less than two nor more than seven Directors.  The Board of Directors shall from time to time by a vote of a majority of the Directors then in office fix within the maximum and minimum limits the number of Directors to constitute the Board.  Directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders, or at a special meeting called for that purpose as provided in these Amended and Restated By-laws, by a plurality of the votes cast at such election.  In all elections of directors, each shareholder shall be entitled to as many votes as shall equal the number of shares which such shareholder owns. Each shareholder may cast all of such votes for a single director or may distribute them among the number to be voted for, as such shareholder may see fit.  The entire number of directors to be elected at an election shall be balloted for at one time and not separately.

Page 4 of 14

The terms of the Directors shall be staggered in accordance with the following provisions:  subject to the special rights of the holders of any class or series of stock to elect directors, at the next election of Directors, shall be divided into three classes ; the Directors serving on the Board of Directors as of the date these Amended and Restated By-Laws are adopted by the Corporation shall be split equally among the classes  The terms of office of initial Class I directors expire at the 2012 annual meeting of shareholders; the terms of office of the initial Class II expire at the 2013 annual meeting of shareholders; and the terms of office of initial Class III directors expire at the 2014 annual meeting of shareholders. At each annual meeting of shareholders beginning with the 2013 annual meeting of shareholders following the filing of the articles of incorporation, the successors of the class of directors whose terms expire at that meeting shall be elected for a term of two years. Each director in each such class shall hold office until the director’s successor is duly elected and qualified.

SECTION 2.  Vacancies. Vacancies in the Board of Directors and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of Directors may be filled by a majority of the Directors of Executive Committee of the Board of Directors as set forth in Article IV Section 1 of these Amended and Restated By-Laws.

SECTION 3.  Resignations.  Any Director may resign at any time upon written notice to the Secretary of the Corporation.  Such resignation shall take effect on the date of receipt of such notice or at any later date specified therein; and the acceptance of such resignation, unless required by the terms thereof, shall not be necessary to make it effective.  When one or more Directors shall resign effective at a future date, a majority of the Directors then in office, including those who have resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective.

SECTION 4.  Removals.  Any Director may be removed, with cause, at any special meeting of the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors as set forth in Article IV Section 1 of the Amended and Restate By-Laws, and the vacancy in the Board caused by any such removal may be filled by the Members of the Committee at such a meeting.

SECTION 5.  Place of Meetings; Books and Records.  The Board of Directors may hold its meetings, and have an office or offices, at such place or places within or without the State of Nevada as the Board from time to time may determine.

The Board of Directors, subject to the provisions of applicable law, may authorize the books and records of the Corporation, and offices or agencies for the issue, transfer and registration of the capital stock of the Corporation, to be kept at such place or places outside of the State of Nevada as, from time to time, may be designated by the Board of Directors.

Page 5 of 14

SECTION 6.  Annual Meeting of the Board.  The first meeting of each newly elected Board of Directors, to be known as the Annual Meeting of the Board, for the purpose of electing officers,  designating committees and the transaction of such other business as may come before the Board, shall be held as soon as practicable after the adjournment of the annual meeting of stockholders, and no notice of such meeting shall be necessary to the newly elected Directors in order legally to constitute the meeting, provided a quorum shall be present.  In the event such meeting is not held due to the absence of a quorum, the meeting may be held at such time and place as shall be specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the Board of Directors or as shall be specified in a written waiver signed by all of the newly elected Directors.

SECTION 7.  Regular Meetings.  The Board of Directors shall, by resolution, provide for regular meetings of the Board at such times and at such places as it deems desirable.  Notice of regular meetings need not be given.

SECTION 8.  Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board or the President and shall be called by the Secretary on the written request of at least two (2) Directors on such notice as the person or persons calling the meeting shall deem appropriate in the circumstances.  Notice of each such special meeting shall be mailed to each Director or delivered to him by telephone, telegraph or any other means of electronic communication, in each case addressed to his residence or usual place of business, or delivered to him in person or given to him orally.  The notice of meeting shall state the time and place of the meeting but need not state the purpose thereof.  Attendance of a Director at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting except when a Director attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business because the meeting was not lawfully called or convened. Except as provided by law, the Directors may waive notice of such meeting and consent to the action taken as set forth in Section 12 hereof.

SECTION 9.  Quorum and Manner of Acting.  Except as otherwise provided by statute, the Articles of Incorporation or these Amended and Restated By-Laws, the presence of a majority of the total number of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors, and the act of a majority of the Directors present at any such meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors.  In the absence of a quorum, a majority of the Directors present may adjourn the meeting, from time to time, until a quorum is present.  Notice of any such adjourned meeting need not be given.

SECTION  10.  Chairman of the Board.   A Chairman of the Board shall be elected by the Board of Directors from among its members for a prescribed term and may, or may not be, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, an employee or an officer of the Corporation.  If the Chairman is neither an employee nor an officer of the Corporation he may be designated "non-executive."  The Chairman of the Board shall perform such duties as shall be prescribed by the Board of Directors and,  when present, shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors.  In the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board, the Board of Directors shall designate a member of the Board to serve as Chairman of the Board and such designated Board Member shall have the powers and perform the duties of the office; provided, however, that if the Chairman of the Board shall so designate or shall be absent from a meeting of stockholders, the President shall preside at such meeting of stockholders.

Page 6 of 14

SECTION  11.  Organization.  At every meeting of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or, in his absence the President or, if both of these individuals are absent, a Chairman chosen by a majority of the Directors present shall act as Chairman of the meeting.  The Secretary or, in his absence, an Assistant Secretary or, in the absence of the Secretary and all the Assistant Secretaries, any person appointed by the Chairman of the meeting shall act as Secretary of the meeting.

SECTION  12.  Consent of Directors in Lieu of Meeting.  Unless otherwise restricted by the Articles of Incorporation or by these Amended and Restated By-Laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board, may be taken without a meeting if a majority of members of the Board or committee consent thereto in writing, and such written consent is filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board or committee.

SECTION  13.  Telephonic Meetings.  Members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board, may participate in a meeting of the Board or committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other and participation in such a meeting shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

SECTION  14.  Compensation.  Each Director who is not a full-time salaried officer of the Corporation or any of its wholly owned subsidiaries, when authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors may receive as a Director a stated salary or an annual retainer and in addition may be allowed a fixed fee and his reasonable expenses for attendance at each regular or special meeting of the Board or any Committee thereof.

ARTICLE IV

COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

SECTION 1.  Executive Committee. The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, designate annually an Executive Committee.  The Committee shall consist of two (2) or more members who shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors.  The Committee shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, including, but not limited to, appointing and removing the Directors and officers of the Corporation and evaluating and approving financing proposals and securities offerings, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it, but the Committee shall have no power or authority to amend the Articles of Incorporation, adopt an agreement of merger or consolidation, recommend to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation's property and assets, recommend to the stockholders a dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, amend the Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Corporation, declare a dividend, authorize the issuance of stock, or such other powers as the Board may from time to time eliminate.

Page 7 of 14

SECTION 2.  Audit Committee.  The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, designate annually an Audit Committee to assist the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities with respect to overseeing the accounting, auditing and financial reporting practices and the internal control policies and procedures of the Corporation.  If so designated, the Board shall adopt a charter for the Audit Committee, and the Audit Committee shall review and assess the adequacy of the charter on an annual basis.  The duties of the Audit Committee, which shall be set forth in its charter shall be to: (i) be directly responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of any registered public accounting firm engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attest services for the issuer; (ii) establish procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, including procedures for the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of the issuer of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters; and (iii) engage independent counsel and other advisors, as it determines necessary to carry out its duties as set forth herein.

All members of the Audit Committee shall meet the requirements of the charter and any relevant regulatory body, as interpreted by the Board in its reasonable business judgment.  The Corporation shall provide funding requested by the Audit Committee as it reasonably relates to carry out its duties set forth herein.  The Board shall elect or appoint a chairman of the Audit Committee who will have authority to act on behalf of the committee between meetings.  The Chairman may appoint a temporary Chairman in his or her absence.

SECTION 3.  Code of Ethics Committee.  The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, designate annually a Code of Ethics Committee to assist the Board in adopting a Code of Ethics for its senior financial offices reasonably necessary to promote:

(a)  honest and ethical conduct; including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships;

(b)  full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in the periodic reports required to be filed by the Corporation; and

(c)  compliance with applicable governmental rules and regulations.

SECTION 4.  Committee Chairman, Books and Records.  Unless designated by the Board of Director, each Committee shall elect a Chairman to serve for such term as it may determine.  Each committee shall fix its own rules of procedure and shall meet at such times and places and upon such call or notice as shall be provided by such rules.  It shall keep a record of its acts and proceedings, and all action of the Committee shall be reported to the Board of Directors at the next meeting of the Board.

Page 8 of 14

SECTION 5.  Alternates.   Alternate members of the Committees prescribed by this Article IV may be designated by the Board of Directors from among the Directors to serve as occasion may require.  Whenever a quorum cannot be secured for any meeting of any such Committees from among the regular members thereof and designated alternates, the member or members of such Committee present at such meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board to act at the meeting in the place of such absent or disqualified member.

Alternate members of such Committees shall receive a reimbursement for expenses and compensation at the same rate as regular members of such Committees.

SECTION 6.  Other Committees.  The Board of Directors may designate such other Committees,  as it may from time to time determine, and each such Committee shall serve for such term and shall have and may exercise, during intervals between meetings of the Board of Directors, such duties, functions and powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.

SECTION 7.  Quorum and Manner of Acting.  At each meeting of any Committee the presence of a majority of the members of such Committee, whether regular or alternate, shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and if a quorum is present the concurrence of a majority of those present shall be necessary for the taking of any action.

ARTICLE V

OFFICERS

SECTION 1.  Number.  The officers of the Corporation shall be a President, Secretary, and Treasurer, each of which officers shall be elected by the Board of Directors, and such other officers as the Board of Directors may determine, in its discretion, to elect.  Any number of offices may be held by the same person.  Any officer may hold such additional title descriptions or qualifiers such as "Chief Executive Officer", "Chief Operating Officer", “Chief Financial Officer”, "Senior Vice President", "Executive Vice President" or "Assistant Secretary" or such other title as the Board of Directors shall determine.

SECTION 2.  Election, Term of Office and Qualifications.  The officers of the Corporation shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors.  Each officer elected by the Board of Directors shall hold office until his successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, or until he shall have died, resigned or been removed in the manner hereinafter provided.

SECTION 3.  Resignations.   Any officer may resign at any time upon written notice to the Secretary of the Corporation.  Such resignation shall take effect at the date of its receipt, or at any later date specified therein; and the acceptance of such resignation, unless required by the terms thereof, shall not be necessary to make it effective.

SECTION 4.  Removals.  Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the Board of Directors at a regular meeting or special meeting of the Board.  Any officer or agent appointed by any officer or committee may be removed, either with or without cause, by such appointing officer or committee.

Page 9 of 14

SECTION 5.  Vacancies.  Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled for the unexpired portion of the term in the same manner as prescribed in these Amended and Restated By-Laws for regular election or appointment to such office.

SECTION 6.  Compensation of Officers.  The compensation of all officers elected by the Board of Directors shall be approved or authorized by the Board of Directors or by the President when so authorized by the Board of Directors or these Amended and Restated By-Laws.

SECTION 7.  Absence or Disability of Officers.  In the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board or the President, the Board of Directors may designate, by resolution, individuals to perform the duties of those absent or disabled.  The Board of Directors may also delegate this power to a committee or to a senior corporate officer.

ARTICLE VI

STOCK CERTIFICATES AND TRANSFER THEREOF

SECTION 1.  Stock Certificates.  Except as otherwise permitted by  law, the Articles of Incorporation or resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors, every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate, signed by or in the name of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares, and the class and series thereof, owned by him in the Corporation.  Any and all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile.  In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

SECTION 2.  Transfer of Stock.  Transfer of shares of the capital stock of the Corporation shall be made only on the books of the Corporation by the holder thereof, or by his attorney thereunto duty authorized, and on surrender of the certificate or certificates for such shares.  A person in whose name shares of stock stand on the books of the Corporation shall be deemed the owner thereof as regards the Corporation, and the Corporation shall not, except as expressly required by statute, be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to, or interest in, such shares on the part of any other person whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof.

SECTION 3.  Lost, Destroyed or Mutilated Certificates.   The Board of Directors may provide for the issuance of new certificates of stock to replace certificates of stock lost, stolen, mutilated or destroyed, or alleged to be lost, stolen, mutilated or destroyed, upon such terms and in accordance with such procedures as the Board of Directors shall deem proper and prescribe.

Page 10 of 14

SECTION 4.  Record Date.  In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other action.  A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

ARTICLE VII

DIVIDENDS, SURPLUS, ETC.

Except as otherwise provided by statute or the Articles of Incorporation, the Board of Directors may declare dividends upon the shares of its capital stock either (1) out of its surplus, or (2) in case there shall be no surplus, out of its net profits for the fiscal year, whenever, and in such amounts as, in its opinion, the condition of the affairs of the Corporation shall render it advisable.  Dividends may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of the capital stock of the Corporation.

ARTICLE VIII

SEAL

The corporate seal shall have the name of the Corporation inscribed thereon and shall be in such form as may be approved from time to time by the Board of Directors.  The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced.

ARTICLE IX

FISCAL YEAR

The fiscal year of the Corporation shall begin on the first day of July of each year.

Page 11 of 14

ARTICLE X

INDEMNIFICATION

SECTION 1.  Right to Indemnification.   Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved (including, without limitation, as a witness) in any actual or threatened action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a "proceeding"), by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise (hereinafter an "indemnitee"), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee or agent,  shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the full extent authorized by the Nevada Revised Statutes (“N.R.S.”), as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment), or by other applicable law as then in effect, against all expense, liability and loss (including attorney's fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts to be paid in settlement) actually and reasonably incurred or suffered by such indemnitee in connection therewith and such indemnification shall continue as to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the indemnitee's heirs, executors and administrators, provided, however, that except as provided in Section 2 of this Article with respect to proceedings seeking to enforce rights to indemnification, the Corporation shall indemnify any such indemnitee seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof)  was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.  The right to indemnification conferred in this Section shall be a contract right and shall include the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition (hereinafter an "advancement of expenses"); provided, however, that, if the Florida Business Organizations Code requires, an advancement of expenses incurred by an indemnitee in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such indemnitee while a director or officer, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan)  shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be  determined that such indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section 1, or otherwise.

SECTION 2.  Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit.   If a claim under Section 1 of this Article is not paid in full by the Corporation within sixty days after a written claim has been received by the Corporation, except in the case of a claim for an advancement of expenses, in which case the applicable period shall be twenty days, the indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, to the extent successful in whole or in part, the indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting such suit.  The indemnitee shall be presumed to be entitled to indemnification under this Article upon submission of a written claim (and, in an action brought to enforce a claim for an advancement of expenses where the required undertaking, if any is required, has been tendered to the Corporation), and thereafter the Corporation shall have the burden of proof to overcome the presumption that the indemnitee is not so entitled.  Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit that indemnification of the indemnitee is proper in the circumstances nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) that the indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification shall be a defense to the suit or create a presumption that the indemnitee is not so entitled.

Page 12 of 14

SECTION 3.  Non-exclusivity of Rights. The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses conferred in this Article shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Articles of Incorporation, Amended and Restated By-Laws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

SECTION 4.  Insurance, Contracts and Funding.   The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or another Corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the N.R.S.  The Corporation may enter into contracts with any indemnitee in furtherance of the provisions of this Article and may create a trust fund, grant a security interest or use other means (including, without limitation, a letter of credit) to ensure the payment of such amounts as may be necessary to effect indemnification as provided in this Article.

SECTION 5.  Definition of Director and Officer.  Any person who is or was serving as a director of a wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation shall be deemed, for purposes of this Article only, to be a director or officer of the Corporation entitled to indemnification under this Article.

SECTION 6.  Indemnification of Employees and Agents of the Corporation.  The Corporation may, by action of its Board of Directors from time to time, grant rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses to employees and agents of the Corporation with the same scope and effects as the provisions of this Article with respect to the indemnification and advancement of expenses of directors and officers of the Corporation.

ARTICLE XI

CHECKS, DRAFTS, BANK ACCOUNTS, ETC.

SECTION 1.  Checks, Drafts, Etc.; Loans.  All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers, agent or agents of the Corporation and in such manner as shall, from time to time, be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.  No loans shall be contracted on behalf of the Corporation unless authorized by the Board of Directors.  Such authority may be general or confined to specific circumstances.

SECTION 2.  Deposits.  All funds of the Corporation shall be deposited, from time to time, to the credit of the Corporation in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as the Board of Directors may select, or as may be selected by any officer or officers, agent or agents of the Corporation to whom such power may, from time to time, be delegated by the Board of Directors; and for the purpose of such deposit, the Chairman, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary or any other officer or agent to whom such power may be delegated by the Board of Directors,  may endorse, assign and deliver checks, drafts and other order for the payment of money which are payable to the order of the Corporation.

Page 13 of 14

ARTICLE XII

AMENDMENTS

These Amended and Restated By-Laws may be altered or repealed and new Amended and Restated By-Laws may be made by the affirmative vote, at any meeting of the Board, of a majority of the Board of Directors.

Page 14 of 14