Exhibit 4.3






                        ASPEN INSURANCE HOLDINGS LIMITED

                                       TO

                      DEUTSCHE BANK TRUST COMPANY AMERICAS,

                                     Trustee
                                     -------




                             SUBORDINATED INDENTURE

                          SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES









                                       Table of Contents
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ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS.............................................................................................1

         SECTION 1.1       CERTAIN TERMS DEFINED..................................................................1

ARTICLE 2 SECURITY FORMS.........................................................................................11

         SECTION 2.1       FORMS GENERALLY.......................................................................11
         SECTION 2.2       FORM OF LEGEND FOR RESTRICTED SECURITIES..............................................12
         SECTION 2.3       FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION.......................................12
         SECTION 2.4       FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION BY AN AUTHENTICATING AGENT............13
         SECTION 2.5       SECURITIES ISSUABLE IN THE FORM OF GLOBAL SECURITIES..................................13

ARTICLE 3 THE SECURITIES.........................................................................................15

         SECTION 3.1       AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES..................................................15
         SECTION 3.2       FORM AND DENOMINATIONS................................................................18
         SECTION 3.3       AUTHENTICATION, DATING AND DELIVERY OF SECURITIES.....................................18
         SECTION 3.4       EXECUTION OF SECURITIES...............................................................21
         SECTION 3.5       CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION.........................................................21
         SECTION 3.6       REGISTRATION, REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE...................................21
         SECTION 3.7       ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS RELATED TO TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE OF RESTRICTED SECURITIES.......23
         SECTION 3.8       MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN SECURITIES......................................24
         SECTION 3.9       PAYMENT OF INTEREST AND CERTAIN ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS; INTEREST RIGHTS AND
                           CERTAIN ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS PRESERVED..................................................25
         SECTION 3.10      ADDITIONAL OR SPECIAL INTEREST UNDER REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENTS...................26
         SECTION 3.11      CANCELLATION OF SECURITIES; DESTRUCTION THEREOF.......................................27
         SECTION 3.12      TEMPORARY SECURITIES..................................................................27
         SECTION 3.13      COMPUTATION OF INTEREST...............................................................28
         SECTION 3.14      CUSIP NUMBERS.........................................................................28

ARTICLE 4 COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY...............................................................................28

         SECTION 4.1       PAYMENT OF SECURITIES.................................................................28
         SECTION 4.2       OFFICES OR AGENCY.....................................................................28
         SECTION 4.3       MONEY FOR SECURITIES PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.....................................29
         SECTION 4.4       ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS....................................................................30
         SECTION 4.5       REDEMPTION FOR TAX PURPOSES...........................................................33


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         SECTION 4.6       CORPORATE EXISTENCE...................................................................34
         SECTION 4.7       WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS...........................................................34
         SECTION 4.8       CERTIFICATES TO TRUSTEE...............................................................34
         SECTION 4.9       CALCULATION OF ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT................................................35

ARTICLE 5 SECURITYHOLDER LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE........................................35

         SECTION 5.1       COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE INFORMATION AS TO NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF SECURITYHOLDERS...35
         SECTION 5.2       PRESERVATION AND DISCLOSURE OF SECURITYHOLDER LISTS...................................35
         SECTION 5.3       REPORTS BY THE COMPANY................................................................36
         SECTION 5.4       REPORTS BY THE TRUSTEE................................................................37

ARTICLE 6 REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT........................................37

         SECTION 6.1       EVENT OF DEFAULT DEFINED; ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; WAIVER OF DEFAULT.................38
         SECTION 6.2       COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS BY TRUSTEE; TRUSTEE MAY PROVE DEBT.........................41
         SECTION 6.3       APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS...............................................................42
         SECTION 6.4       SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT.................................................................43
         SECTION 6.5       RESTORATION OF RIGHTS ON ABANDONMENT OF PROCEEDINGS...................................43
         SECTION 6.6       LIMITATIONS ON SUITS BY SECURITYHOLDERS...............................................44
         SECTION 6.7       UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF SECURITYHOLDERS TO INSTITUTE CERTAIN SUITS.....................44
         SECTION 6.8       POWERS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE; DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER OF DEFAULT...............45
         SECTION 6.9       CONTROL BY HOLDERS OF SECURITIES......................................................45
         SECTION 6.10      WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS...............................................................46
         SECTION 6.11      TRUSTEE TO GIVE NOTICE OF DEFAULT, BUT MAY WITHHOLD IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES..........46
         SECTION 6.12      RIGHT OF COURT TO REQUIRE FILING OF UNDERTAKING TO PAY COSTS..........................46
         SECTION 6.13      WAIVER OF USURY, STAY OR EXTENSION LAWS...............................................47
         SECTION 6.14      DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER..........................................................47

ARTICLE 7 CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE.................................................................................47

         SECTION 7.1       DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE TRUSTEE; DURING DEFAULT; PRIOR TO DEFAULT..........47
         SECTION 7.2       CERTAIN RIGHTS OF THE TRUSTEE.........................................................48


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         SECTION 7.3       TRUSTEE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS, DISPOSITION OF SECURITIES
                           OR APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS THEREOF....................................................50
         SECTION 7.4       TRUSTEE AND AGENTS MAY HOLD SECURITIES; COLLECTIONS, ETC..............................50
         SECTION 7.5       MONEYS HELD BY TRUSTEE................................................................51
         SECTION 7.6       COMPENSATION AND INDEMNIFICATION OF TRUSTEE AND ITS PRIOR CLAIM.......................51
         SECTION 7.7       RIGHT OF TRUSTEE TO RELY ON OFFICER'S CERTIFICATE, ETC................................51
         SECTION 7.8       QUALIFICATION OF TRUSTEE; CONFLICTING INTERESTS.......................................52
         SECTION 7.9       PERSONS ELIGIBLE FOR APPOINTMENT AS TRUSTEE...........................................52
         SECTION 7.10      RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR TRUSTEE.............................52
         SECTION 7.11      ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR TRUSTEE........................................54
         SECTION 7.12      MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS OF TRUSTEE................54
         SECTION 7.13      PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST THE COMPANY.................................55
         SECTION 7.14      AUTHENTICATING AGENT..................................................................58

ARTICLE 8 CONCERNING THE HOLDERS OF SECURITIES...................................................................59

         SECTION 8.1       ACTION BY HOLDERS.....................................................................60
         SECTION 8.2       PROOF OF EXECUTION OF INSTRUMENTS BY HOLDERS OF SECURITIES............................60
         SECTION 8.3       HOLDERS TO BE TREATED AS OWNERS.......................................................61
         SECTION 8.4       SECURITIES OWNED BY COMPANY DEEMED NOT OUTSTANDING....................................61
         SECTION 8.5       RIGHT OF REVOCATION OF ACTION TAKEN...................................................62

ARTICLE 9 HOLDERS' MEETINGS......................................................................................62

         SECTION 9.1       PURPOSES OF MEETINGS..................................................................62
         SECTION 9.2       CALL OF MEETINGS BY TRUSTEE...........................................................63
         SECTION 9.3       CALL OF MEETINGS BY COMPANY OR HOLDERS................................................63
         SECTION 9.4       QUALIFICATIONS FOR VOTING.............................................................63
         SECTION 9.5       REGULATIONS...........................................................................63
         SECTION 9.6       VOTING................................................................................64
         SECTION 9.7       NO DELAY OF RIGHTS BY REASON OF MEETING...............................................65


ARTICLE 10 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES...............................................................................65

         SECTION 10.1      SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF SECURITYHOLDERS............................65
         SECTION 10.2      SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF SECURITYHOLDERS...............................67
         SECTION 10.3      NOTICE OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE......................................................68
         SECTION 10.4      EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE......................................................68
         SECTION 10.5      DOCUMENTS TO BE GIVEN TO TRUSTEE......................................................69
         SECTION 10.6      NOTATION ON SECURITIES IN RESPECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES..........................69

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         SECTION 10.7      EFFECT ON SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS.........................................................69

ARTICLE 11 CONSOLIDATION, AMALGAMATION, MERGER OR SALE...........................................................69

         SECTION 11.1      COMPANY MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC., ONLY ON CERTAIN TERMS..................................69
         SECTION 11.2      OPINION OF COUNSEL....................................................................70
         SECTION 11.3      SUCCESSOR PERSON SUBSTITUTED..........................................................70

ARTICLE 12 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE, UNCLAIMED MONEYS.............................................70

         SECTION 12.1      SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF SECURITIES OF ANY SERIES................................71
         SECTION 12.2      DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE....................................................72
         SECTION 12.3      APPLICATION OF TRUST MONEY............................................................76
         SECTION 12.4      REPAYMENT OF MONEYS HELD BY PAYING AGENT..............................................77
         SECTION 12.5      RETURN OF UNCLAIMED MONEYS HELD BY TRUSTEE AND PAYING AGENT...........................77

ARTICLE 13 SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES...........................................................................77
         SECTION 13.1      AGREEMENT TO SUBORDINATE..............................................................78
         SECTION 13.2      DEFAULT ON SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS........................................................78
         SECTION 13.3      LIQUIDATION; DISSOLUTION; BANKRUPTCY..................................................78
         SECTION 13.4      SUBROGATION...........................................................................80
         SECTION 13.5      TRUSTEE TO EFFECTUATE SUBORDINATION...................................................81
         SECTION 13.6      NOTICE BY THE COMPANY.................................................................81
         SECTION 13.7      RIGHTS OF THE TRUSTEE; HOLDERS OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS.................................82
         SECTION 13.8      SUBORDINATION MAY NOT BE IMPAIRED.....................................................83
         SECTION 13.9      APPLICATION BY TRUSTEE OF ASSETS DEPOSITED WITH IT....................................83

ARTICLE 14 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS..............................................................................84

         SECTION 14.1      INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS OF COMPANY EXEMPT
                           FROM INDIVIDUAL LIABILITY.............................................................84
         SECTION 14.2      PROVISIONS OF INDENTURE FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF PARTIES AND SECURITYHOLDERS...........84
         SECTION 14.3      SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS OF COMPANY BOUND BY INDENTURE..................................84
         SECTION 14.4      NOTICES TO HOLDERS; WAIVER............................................................84
         SECTION 14.5      ADDRESSES FOR NOTICES.................................................................85
         SECTION 14.6      OFFICER'S CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS OF COUNSEL; STATEMENTS TO BE CONTAINED THEREIN....85
         SECTION 14.7      SEPARABILITY CLAUSE...................................................................86
         SECTION 14.8      LEGAL HOLIDAYS........................................................................86

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         SECTION 14.9      CONFLICT OF ANY PROVISION OF INDENTURE WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.......................87
         SECTION 14.10     GOVERNING LAW.........................................................................87
         SECTION 14.11     JUDGMENT CURRENCY.....................................................................87
         SECTION 14.12     NO SECURITY INTEREST CREATED..........................................................88
         SECTION 14.13     SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION............................................................88
         SECTION 14.14     COUNTERPARTS..........................................................................89
         SECTION 14.15     EFFECT OF HEADINGS....................................................................89

ARTICLE 15 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES..............................................................................89

         SECTION 15.1      APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE..............................................................89
         SECTION 15.2      NOTICE OF REDEMPTION; SELECTION OF SECURITIES.........................................89
         SECTION 15.3      PAYMENT OF SECURITIES CALLED FOR REDEMPTION...........................................91

ARTICLE 16 SINKING FUNDS.........................................................................................92

         SECTION 16.1      APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE..............................................................92
         SECTION 16.2      SATISFACTION OF MANDATORY SINKING FUND PAYMENT WITH SECURITIES........................92
         SECTION 16.3      REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND.............................................93


EXHIBITS
--------

EXHIBIT A    -     FORM OF CERTIFICATE FOR TRANSFER FROM RULE 144A GLOBAL SECURITY TO REGULATION S GLOBAL SECURITY

EXHIBIT B    -     FORM OF CERTIFICATE FOR TRANSFER FROM REGULATION S GLOBAL SECURITY TO RULE 144A GLOBAL SECURITY

EXHIBIT C    -     FORM OF CERTIFICATE FOR TRANSFERS FROM RESTRICTED GLOBAL SECURITY TO UNRESTRICTED GLOBAL SECURITY

EXHIBIT D    -     FORM OF CERTIFICATE FOR TRANSFERS PURSUANT TO RULE 144


                                                -v-









================================================================================
                        ASPEN INSURANCE HOLDINGS LIMITED

                                    ---------

       *Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended
by the Trust Reform Act of 1990, and Indenture, dated as of [            ]

Section of the
--------------
Trust Indenture Act of 1939          Section of Indenture
---------------------------          --------------------

310(a)(1), (2) and (5)............................  7.9
310(a)(3) and (4).................................  Inapplicable
310(b)............................................  7.8 and 7.10(a)and(b)
311(a)............................................  7.13(a) and (c)(i) and (iii)
311(b)............................................  7.13(b)
312(a)............................................  5.1 and 5.2(a)
312(b)............................................  5.2(b)
312(c)............................................  5.2(b)
313(a)............................................  5.4(a)
313(b)(1).........................................  Inapplicable
313(b)(2).........................................  5.4(b)
313(c)............................................  5.4(c)
313(d)............................................  5.4(d)
314(a)............................................  4.8 and 5.3
314(b)............................................  Inapplicable
314(c)(1) and (2).................................  14.6
314(c)(3).........................................  Inapplicable
314(d)............................................  Inapplicable
314(e)............................................  14.6
315(a), (c) and (d)...............................  7.1
315(b)............................................  6.11
315(e)............................................  6.12
316(a)(1).........................................  6.9
316(a)(2).........................................  Inapplicable
316(a) (last sentence)............................  8.4
316(b)............................................  6.7
316(c)............................................  8.1
317(a)............................................  6.2
317(b)............................................  4.2 and 4.3
318(a)............................................  14.9

----------------------
*   This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be
    part of the Indenture or to have any bearing upon the interpretation of any
    of its terms or provisions.






                  SUBORDINATED INDENTURE (herein, the "Indenture"), dated as of
      , between ASPEN INSURANCE HOLDINGS LIMITED, a Bermuda limited company
(herein, subject to Article 11, sometimes called the "Company"), having its
principal office at Victoria Hall, 11 Victoria Street, Hamilton HM 11, Bermuda,
and DEUTSCHE BANK TRUST COMPANY AMERICAS, a New York banking corporation duly
organized and existing under the laws of the State of New York, as Trustee
(hereinafter, subject to Article 12, called the "Trustee"), having its principal
corporate trust office at 60 Wall Street, New York, NY, 10005. Attention: Trust
and Securities Services.

                             Recitals of the Company
                             -----------------------

                  The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of
this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its subordinated
notes, debentures or other evidences of its unsecured indebtedness (herein
called the "Securities"), to be issued in one or more series, authenticated and
delivered, as in this Indenture provided.

                  All things necessary have been done to make this Indenture a
valid and legally binding agreement of the Company, in accordance with its
terms.

                  NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

                  For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of
the Securities by the Persons acquiring the same, it is mutually covenanted and
agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities
or of the Securities of any series, without giving any priority of any one
Security or series over any other, except as otherwise expressly provided
herein, as follows:

                                    ARTICLE 1
                                   DEFINITIONS

         Section 1.1   Certain Terms Defined.
                       ----------------------

         The following terms (except as otherwise expressly provided or unless
the context otherwise clearly requires) for all purposes of this Indenture,
including any indenture supplemental hereto, have the respective meanings
specified in this Section. All other terms used in this Indenture that are
defined in the Trust Indenture Act or the definitions of which in the Securities
Act of 1933 are referred to in the Trust Indenture Act or that are defined by
rule of the Commission under the Trust Indenture Act (except as herein otherwise
expressly provided or unless the context otherwise clearly requires) have the
meanings assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and in said
Securities Act or in said Commission rule under the Trust Indenture Act as in
force at the date on which this Indenture was originally executed (subject to
Section 10.1 and Section 10.2). The words "herein", "hereof" and "hereunder" and
other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any
particular Article, Section or other subdivision. All references herein to
"Articles" or other subdivisions are to the




corresponding Articles or other subdivisions of this Indenture. The terms
defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and
include the plural as well as the singular.

                  "Additional Amounts" means any additional amounts which are
required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or
therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes, assessments or
other governmental charges imposed on Holders specified therein and which are
owing to such Holders.

                  "Additional Provisions" has the meaning specified in Section
13.1.

                  "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person
directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect
common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to
direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise;
and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the
foregoing.

                  "Authenticating Agent" means, with respect to any series of
Securities, any authenticating agent appointed by the Trustee, with respect to
that series of Securities, pursuant to Section 7.14.

                  "Authorized Newspaper" means a newspaper or financial journal
printed in the English language, customarily published at least once a day, and
customarily published for at least five days in each calendar week, whether or
not published on days that are legal holidays and of general circulation; or, in
the alternative, shall mean such form of communication as may have come into
general use for the dissemination of information of import similar to that of
the information specified to be published by the provisions hereof. Whenever
successive publications are required or authorized to be made in Authorized
Newspapers, the successive publications may be made (unless otherwise expressly
provided herein) in the same or different newspapers meeting the foregoing
requirements and in each case on any Business Day and at the expense of the
Company. In case, by reason of the suspension of publication of any Authorized
Newspaper, or for any other cause, it shall be impractical without unreasonable
expense to make publication of any notice in an Authorized Newspaper as required
by this Indenture, then such method of publication or notification as shall be
made with the approval of the Trustee shall be deemed the equivalent of the
required publication of such notice in an Authorized Newspaper.

                  "Board of Directors" means either the board of directors of
the Company or any committee of such Board of Directors or Officer duly
authorized to act with respect to a particular matter on behalf of the Board of
Directors.

                  "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by
the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly
adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date
of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

                                      -2-


                  "Broker-Dealer" has the meaning set forth in any applicable
Registration Rights Agreement.

                  "Business Day", when used with respect to any Place of Payment
or any other location specified in the Securities or this Indenture, means each
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which
banking institutions in that Place of Payment or location are generally
authorized or obligated by law, regulation or executive order to close, except
as may be otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1.

                  "Capitalized Lease Obligation" means an obligation under a
lease that is required to be capitalized for financial reporting purposes in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and the amount of
Indebtedness represented by such obligation shall be the capitalized amount of
such obligation determined in accordance with such principles.

                  "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as
from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or if at any time
after the date on which this Indenture was originally executed such Commission
is not existing and performing the duties assigned to it under the Trust
Indenture Act on such date of original execution, then the body performing such
duties at such time.

                  "Common Shares" in respect of any Corporation means Share
Capital of any class or classes (however designated) which has no preference as
to the payment of dividends, or as to the distribution of assets upon any
voluntary or involuntary liquidation or dissolution of such Corporation, and
which is not subject to redemption by such Corporation.

                  "Company" means Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited, a Bermuda
company, and, subject to ARTICLE 11, its successors and assigns.

                  "Company Order" and "Company Request" mean a written order or
request signed in the name of the Company by the chairman, any vice chairman,
the president, any vice president, the chief executive officer, the chief
financial officer, treasurer or controller and by the chief financial officer,
chief operating officer, any assistant treasurer, any assistant controller, the
secretary or any assistant secretary of the Company, and delivered to the
Trustee.

                  "Conversion Event" means the cessation of use of (i) a Foreign
Currency both by the government of the country or the confederation which issued
such Foreign Currency and for the settlement of transactions by a central bank
or other public institutions of or within the international banking community or
(ii) any currency unit or composite currency for the purposes for which it was
established.

                  "Corporate Trust Office" means the principal office of the
Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be
administered, which office, on the date of original execution of this Indenture,
is located at 60 Wall Street, New York, NY, 10005, Attention: Trust and
Securities Services or at any other time at such other address as the Trustee
may designate from time to time by notice to the parties hereto, or at the
principal corporate


                                       -3-


trust office of any successor trustee as to which such successor trustee may
notify the parties hereto in writing.

                  "Corporation" includes corporations, limited liability
companies, incorporated associations, companies and business trusts.

                  "Depository" means, with respect to the Securities of any
series or any Tranche thereof, which, in accordance with the determination of
the Company, will be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more
Global Securities, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, another
clearing agency or any successor registered under the Exchange Act, or other
applicable statute or regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by
the Company pursuant to either Section 2.5 or Section 3.1. If at any time there
is more than one such Person, "Depository" as used with respect to the
Securities of any such series or Tranche thereof means the Depository with
respect to the Securities of that series or Tranche.

                  "Dollar" ("$") means the coin or currency of the United States
of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for the payment of public
and private debts.

                  "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and
the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, in each case as amended from
time to time.

                  "Exchange Securities" means the Securities issued in a
Registered Exchange Offer.

                  "Event of Default" means any event or condition specified as
such in Section 6.1.

                  "Foreign Currency" means any currency, currency unit or
composite currency, including, without limitation, the euro, issued by the
government of one or more countries other than the United States of America or
by any recognized confederation or association of such governments.

                  "GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles set
forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of
the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and
pronouncements of the Financial Standards Accounting Board, and as are
applicable to the financial statements of the Company, in each case as of the
date of any computation required hereunder.

                  "Global Security" means, with respect to all or any part of
any series of Securities, a Security executed by the Company and authenticated
and delivered by the Trustee to the Depository or pursuant to the Depository's
instruction, all in accordance with this Indenture and pursuant to a Company
Order, which shall be registered in the name of the Depository or its nominee
and the ownership of which will be registered in a "book-entry" or other system
maintained by the Depository.


                                       -4-



                  "Government Obligations" means securities which are (i) direct
obligations of the United States of America or the other government or
governments or confederation or association of governments which issued the
Foreign Currency in which the principal of or any premium or interest on such
Security or any Additional Amounts in respect thereof shall be payable, in each
case where the payment or payments thereunder are supported by the full faith
and credit of such government or governments or confederation or association of
governments; or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and
acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America or such
other government or governments or confederation or association of governments,
in each case where the timely payment or payments thereunder are unconditionally
guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America
or such other government or governments or confederation or association of
governments, and which, in the case of (i) or (ii), are not callable or
redeemable at the option of the issuer or issuers thereof, and shall also
include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with
respect to any such Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on
or principal of or other amount with respect to any such Government Obligation
held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt,
provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to
make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository
receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Government
Obligation or the specific payment of interest on or principal of or other
amount with respect to the Government Obligation evidenced by such depository
receipt.

                  "Holder", "Registered Holder" and "Securityholder" mean, with
respect to a Security, the Person in whose name such Security is registered in
the Securities Register (which terms, in the case of a Global Security, mean the
Depository, notwithstanding that the Depository maintains a "book-entry" or
other system for identification of ownership in respect of such Global
Security).

                  The term "include" (and other forms of such term) means
"include, without limitation".

                  "Indebtedness" means, with respect to any Person, (i) the
principal of and any premium and interest on (a) indebtedness of such Person for
money borrowed or (b) indebtedness evidenced by notes, debentures, bonds or
other similar instruments for the payment of which such Person is responsible or
liable; (ii) all Capitalized Lease Obligations of such Person; (iii) all
obligations of such Person issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of
property, all conditional sale obligations and all obligations under any title
retention agreement (but excluding trade accounts payable arising in the
ordinary course of business); (iv) all obligations of such Person for the
reimbursement of any obligor on any letter of credit, banker's acceptance or
similar credit transaction (other than obligations with respect to letters of
credit securing obligations (other than obligations described in (i) through
(iii) above) entered into in the ordinary course of business of such Person to
the extent such letters of credit are not drawn upon or, if and to the extent
drawn upon, such drawing is reimbursed no later than the third Business Day
following receipt by such Person of a demand for reimbursement following



                                       -5-



payment on the letter of credit); (v) all obligations of the type referred to in
clauses (i) through (iv) of other Persons and all dividends of other Persons for
the payment of which, in either case, such Person is responsible or liable as
obligor, guarantor or otherwise, the amount thereof being deemed to be the
lesser of the stated recourse, if limited, and the amount of the obligations or
dividends of the other Person; (vi) all obligations of the type referred to in
clauses (i) through (v) of other Persons secured by any Lien on any property or
asset of such Person (whether or not such obligation is assumed by such Person),
the amount of such obligation being deemed to be the lesser of the value of such
property or assets or the amount of the obligation so secured; and (vii) any
amendments, modifications, refundings, renewals or extensions of any
indebtedness or obligation described as Indebtedness in clauses (i) through (vi)
above.

                  "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed and
delivered or, if amended or supplemented as herein provided, as so amended or
supplemented, and includes the forms and terms of particular series of
Securities established as contemplated hereunder.

                  The term "interest" means, with respect to any Original Issue
Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means
interest payable after Maturity and, when used with respect to a Security which
provides for the payment of Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 4.4, includes
such Additional Amounts.

                  "Interest Payment Date" means, with respect to any Security,
the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

                  "Judgment Currency" has the meaning specified in Section
14.11.

                  "Lien" means any mortgage, pledge, lien , security interest or
other encumbrance.

                  "Maturity" means, with respect to any Security, the date on
which the principal of such Security becomes due and payable as therein or
herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by acceleration, call for
redemption or otherwise.

                  "New York Banking Day" has the meaning specified in Section
14.11.

                  "Non-U.S. Person" means a Person who is not a U.S. person as
defined in Regulation S.

                  "Officer" means the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman
of the Board, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer, any Assistant
Treasurer, the Controller, the Secretary, any Assistant Controller, any
Assistant Secretary, the principal executive officer, the principal financial
officer, the principal accounting officer or the chief operating officer of the
Company.

                  "Officer's Certificate" means a certificate signed by one or
more Officers (as applicable) and delivered to the Trustee, except as otherwise
specifically set forth herein.


                                       -6-



                  "Opinion of Counsel" means an opinion in writing signed by
legal counsel who may be an employee of or counsel to the Company.

                  "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security that
provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and
payable upon a declaration of acceleration with respect thereto pursuant to
Section 6.1.

                  "Outstanding" (subject to Section 8.4) means, with reference
to Securities as of the date of determination, all Securities authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture, except:

      (a) Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation;

      (b) Securities, or portions thereof, for the payment or redemption of which
moneys in the necessary amount shall have been irrevocably deposited in trust
with the Trustee or with any Paying Agent (other than the Company) or shall have
been set aside, segregated and held in trust by the Company for the Holders of
such Securities (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) or for the
payment of which Government Obligations shall have been irrevocably deposited in
trust with the Trustee in accordance with ARTICLE 12; provided that, if such
Securities, or portions thereof, are to be redeemed prior to the Stated Maturity
thereof, notice of such redemption shall have been given as herein provided, or
provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such
notice;

      (c) any such Security with respect to which the Company has effected
defeasance pursuant to the terms hereof, except to the extent provided in
Section 12.2;

      (d) Securities in substitution for which other Securities shall have been
authenticated and delivered, or which shall have been paid, pursuant to the
terms of Section 3.8 (except with respect to any such Security as to which proof
satisfactory to the Trustee and the Company is presented that such Security is
held by a Person in whose hands such Security is a legal, valid and binding
obligation of the Company); and

      (e) any such Security converted or exchanged as contemplated by this
Indenture into Common Shares of the Company or other securities, if the terms of
such Security provide for such conversion or exchange pursuant to Section 3.1.

                  In determining whether Holders of the requisite principal
amount of Outstanding Securities of any or all series have made or given any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder,
or are present to constitute a quorum at a meeting of Holders of Securities, (i)
the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that shall be deemed
to be Outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof
that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a
declaration of acceleration with respect thereto pursuant to Section 6.1 and
(ii) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or
any Affiliate of the Company or such



                                       -7-



other obligor, shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except
that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in making such a
determination or relying upon any such quorum, consent or vote, only Securities
which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be so owned shall
be so disregarded.

                  "Overdue Rate" means, with respect to any Security of
Securities, the rate designated as such in or pursuant to the resolution of the
Board of Directors or the supplemental indenture, as the case may be, relating
to such Security as contemplated by Section 3.1.

                  "Paying Agent" means any Person authorized by the Company to
pay the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest, if any, on, any
Securities on behalf of the Company.

                  "Periodic Offering" means an offering of Securities of a
series from time to time, any or all of the specific terms of which Securities,
which may be in one or more Tranches, including the rate or rates of interest,
if any, thereon, the Stated Maturity or Maturities thereof and the redemption
provisions, if any, with respect thereto, are to be determined by the Company or
its agents from time to time subsequent to the initial request for
authentication and delivery of such Securities by the Trustee, all as
contemplated in Section 3.1.

                  "Person" means any individual, corporation, company, limited
liability company, partnership, limited liability partnership, joint venture,
association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or
government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

                  "Place of Payment" means, with respect to any Security, the
place or places where the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest, if
any, on, such Security are payable as specified pursuant to Section 3.1.

                  "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every
previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same Indebtedness as that
evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition,
any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 3.8 in lieu of a lost,
destroyed, mutilated or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same
debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.

                  "Private Placement Legend" has the meaning specified in
Section 2.2.

                  "QIB" means a "qualified institutional buyer", as defined in
Rule 144A.

                  "Redemption Date" means, with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.

                  "Redemption Price" means, with respect to any Security or
portion thereof to be redeemed, the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant
to this Indenture.

                  "Registered Holder": See "Holder".


                                       -8-



                  "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest
Payment Date on a Security means the date specified for that purpose pursuant to
Section 3.1 or as specified in Section 3.9.

                  "Registered Exchange Offer" means an exchange offer by the
Company registered under the Securities Act pursuant to which Restricted
Securities are exchanged for Securities of like principal amount not bearing the
Private Placement Legend.

                  "Registration Rights Agreement" means any registration rights
agreement between the Company and one or more initial purchasers in connection
with the issuance of Restricted Securities of any series under this Indenture.

                  "Regulation S" means Regulation S under the Securities Act
(including any successor regulation thereto) as may be amended from time to
time.

                  "Regulation S Global Security" means each Global Security that
represents Securities sold in reliance on Regulation S and as specified in
Section 2.1.

                  "Required Currency" has the meaning specified in Section
14.11.

                  "Responsible Officer" means, with respect to the Trustee, any
officer assigned to the Corporate Trust Office, including any managing director,
vice president, assistant vice president, assistant treasurer, assistant
secretary or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions
similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers, and also,
with respect to a particular matter, any other officer, to whom such matter is
referred because of such officer's knowledge of and familiarity with the
particular subject.

                  "Restricted Global Security" means a Global Security that
bears the Private Placement Legend.

                  "Restricted Security" means any Security (or beneficial
interest therein) not originally issued and sold in a transaction registered
under the Securities Act, until such time as: (i) such Security (or beneficial
interest therein) has been transferred in a transaction registered under the
Securities Act; (ii) the Restriction Termination Date therefor has passed; or
(iii) the Private Placement Legend therefor has otherwise been removed pursuant
to Section 3.7(e) hereof or, in the case of a beneficial interest in a Global
Security, such beneficial interest has been exchanged for an interest in a
Global Security not bearing a Private Placement Legend.

                  "Restriction Termination Date" means, with respect to any
Restricted Security (or beneficial interest therein) resold in reliance on Rule
144A, two years (or such other period specified in Rule 144(k)) or, with respect
to any Restricted Security (or beneficial interest therein) resold in reliance
on Regulation S, the last day of the distribution compliance period specified in
Rule 903 of Regulation S (if applicable), in each case from the original issue
date of such Restricted Security or, if any additional Restricted Securities
within the same series



                                       -9-



have been issued and sold prior to the Restriction Termination Date for such
Restricted Security, from the latest original issue date of such additional
Securities.


                  "Rule 144" means Rule 144 under the Securities Act (including
any successor regulation thereto) as may be amended from time to time.

                  "Rule 144A" means Rule 144A under the Securities Act
(including any successor regulation thereto) as may be amended from time to
time.

                  "Rule 144A Global Security" means each Global Security that
represents Securities resold in reliance on Rule 144A, and as specified in
Section 2.1.

                  "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933 and any
statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

                  "Securities Register" and "Securities Registrar"has the
meaning specified in Section 3.6.

                  "Security" or "Securities" has the meaning stated in the
recitals of this Indenture.

                  "Share Capital" of any Person means any and all share capital,
interests, rights to purchase, warrants, options, participations or other
equivalents of or interests in (however designated) equity of such Person,
including preferred stock, but excluding any debt securities convertible into
such equity.

                  "Senior Indebtedness" means, with respect to the Securities of
any particular series, all Indebtedness of the Company outstanding at any time,
except (a) the Securities of such series, (b) Indebtedness as to which, by the
terms of the instrument creating or evidencing the same, it is provided that
such Indebtedness is subordinated to or pari passu with the Securities of such
series, (c) Indebtedness of the Company to, or guaranteed on behalf of, a
Subsidiary of the Company, or any officer, director or employee of the Company
or any Subsidiary of the Company, (d) interest accruing after the filing of a
petition initiating any proceeding referred to in Section 6.1(f) and Section
6.1(g) unless such interest is an allowed claim enforceable against the Company
in a proceeding under federal or state bankruptcy laws, (e) trade accounts
payable and (f) any liability for income, franchise, real estate or other taxes
owed or owing.

                  "Special Record Date" for the payment of any defaulted
interest means a date fixed pursuant to Section 3.9.

                  "Stated Maturity" means, with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or interest thereon or any Additional Amounts
with respect thereto, the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on
which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or
interest is, or such Additional Amounts are, due and payable


                                      -10-



(without regard to any provisions for redemption, prepayment, acceleration,
purchase or extension).

                  "Subsidiary" means, in respect of any Person, any Corporation,
limited or general partnership or other business entity of which at the time of
determination more than 50% of the voting power of the shares of its Share
Capital or other interests (including partnership interests) entitled (without
regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of
directors, managers or trustees thereof is owned or controlled, directly or
indirectly, by (i) such Person, (ii) such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of
such Person or (iii) one or more Subsidiaries of such Person.

                  "Tranche" means a group of Securities which (a) are of the
same series and (b) are identical except as to principal amount and/or date of
issuance.

                  "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939,
as amended, as in force at the date as of which this Indenture was executed;
provided, however, that in the event that such Act is amended after such date,
"Trust Indenture Act" means, to the extent required by such amendment, the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.

                  "Trustee" means the Person identified as "Trustee" in the
first paragraph hereof and, subject to the provisions of ARTICLE 7, shall also
include any successor trustee.

                  "United States," except as otherwise provided in or pursuant
to this Indenture or any Board Resolution, Company Order and Company Request or
both, means the United States of America (including the states thereof and the
District of Columbia), its territories and possessions and other areas subject
to its jurisdiction.

                  "Vice President" means any vice president, whether or not
designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title "vice
president".

                                   ARTICLE 2
                                 SECURITY FORMS

         Section 2.1       Forms Generally.
                           ----------------

         The Securities of each series shall be in substantially such form as
shall be established pursuant to Section 3.1, in each case with such appropriate
insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or
permitted by this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto, and may have
such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or
endorsements placed thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not
contrary to the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to comply
with any law or with any rules made pursuant thereto or with any rules of any
securities exchange or of any automated quotation system, or to conform to
usage, all as determined by the officers executing such Securities, as
conclusively evidenced by their execution of the Securities.


                                      -11-



         Any Securities originally offered and sold to QIBs in reliance on Rule
144A will be issued in the form of one or more permanent Global Securities
(each, a "Rule 144A Global Security"). Any Securities originally offered and
sold outside the United States in reliance on Regulation S will be issued in the
form of one or more permanent Global Securities (each, a "Regulation S Global
Security").

                  The definitive Securities shall be prepared by the Company and
shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on steel-engraved borders, or may be
produced in any other manner, all as determined by the officers executing such
Securities, as conclusively evidenced by their execution of such Securities,
subject to the rules of any securities exchange or automated quotation system on
which such Securities are listed or quoted and (with respect to Global
Securities) to the rules of the Depository.

         Section 2.2       Form of Legend for Restricted Securities.
                           -----------------------------------------

                  Each Restricted Security shall bear the following legend (the
"Private Placement Legend") on the face thereof; provided, however, that the
Private Placement Legend on any Security shall be removed at the request of the
Holder on or after the date when such Security ceases to be a Restricted
Security:

SECURITIES EVIDENCED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE UNITED STATES
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "SECURITIES ACT") AND MAY NOT BE
OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT (A) (1) TO A PERSON WHO
THE SELLER REASONABLY BELIEVES IS A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER WITHIN THE
MEANING OF RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT PURCHASING FOR ITS OWN ACCOUNT OR
FOR THE ACCOUNT OF A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER IN A TRANSACTION MEETING THE
REQUIREMENT OF RULE 144A, (2) IN AN OFFSHORE TRANSACTION COMPLYING WITH RULE 903
OR RULE 904 OF REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR (3) PURSUANT TO AN
EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT PROVIDED BY RULE 144
THEREUNDER (IF AVAILABLE), OR (4) TO AN INSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITED INVESTOR IN A
TRANSACTION EXEMPT FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT, OR
(5) PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT AND
(B) IN ACCORDANCE WITH ALL APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS OF THE STATES OF THE
UNITED STATES.

         Section 2.3       Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication.
                           ------------------------------------------------

         The Trustee's Certificate of Authentication on all Securities shall be
in substantially the following form:

         This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred
to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                      -12-



                                   ------------------------------------
                                   Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as
                                   Trustee



                                   By
                                      ---------------------------------
                                   Authorized Signatory


         Section 2.4       Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication by an
                           -----------------------------------------------------
Authenticating Agent.
---------------------

         If at any time there shall be an Authenticating Agent appointed with
respect to any series of Securities, then the Trustee's Certificate of
Authentication by such Authenticating Agent on all Securities of each such
series shall be in substantially the following form:


                                   ------------------------------------
                                   Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as
                                   Trustee



                                           By  [NAME OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT],
                                           Authenticating Agent


                                   By
                                      ---------------------------------
                                   Authorized Signatory

         Section 2.5       Securities Issuable in the Form of Global Securities.
                           -----------------------------------------------------

      (a) If the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 3.1 that the
Securities of a particular series are to be issued in whole or in part as one or
more Global Securities, then the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall,
in accordance with Section 3.3 and the Company Order deliver to the Trustee
thereunder, authenticate and make available for delivery, one or more Global
Securities, each of which (i) shall represent an aggregate principal amount
equal to the aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such
series to be represented by such Global Security and may also provide that the
aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities represented thereby may from time to
time be increased or reduced to reflect exchanges, (ii) shall be registered in
the name of the Depository or its nominee, (iii) shall be delivered by the


                                      -13-





Trustee to the Depository or pursuant to the Depository's instruction and (iv)
if required by the Depository, shall bear a legend reflecting the Depository's
interest in such Global Security.

      (b) Notwithstanding any provision of Section 3.6, any Global Security
thereof may be transferred, in whole but not in part, and in the manner provided
in Section 3.6, only to another nominee of the Depository for such series or
Tranche, or to a successor Depository for such series selected or approved by
the Company or to a nominee of such successor Depository.

      (c) If at any time (A) (i) the Depository for Securities of a series or
Tranche thereof notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue
as Depository for Securities of such series or Tranche, or (ii) the Depository
shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act, or
other applicable statute or regulation, and a successor Depository is not
appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice
or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, or (B) there shall have
occurred and be continuing an Event of Default with respect to such Global
Security, this Section shall no longer be applicable to the Securities of such
series or Tranche and the Company will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of
a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of individual Securities of
such series or Tranche, will authenticate and make available for delivery,
Securities of such series or Tranche, in authorized denominations, and in an
aggregate principal amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of the Global
Security or Global Securities of such series or Tranche in exchange for such
Global Security or Global Securities.

                  The Company may at any time determine that Securities of any
series or Tranche thereof shall no longer be represented by one or more Global
Securities and that the provisions of this Section shall no longer apply to the
Securities of such series or Tranche. In such event the Company will execute and
the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery
of individual Securities of such series or Tranche, will authenticate and make
available for delivery Securities of such series or Tranche, in authorized
denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the aggregate
principal amount of the Global Security or Global Securities of such series or
Tranche in exchange for such Global Security.

                  If specified by the Company pursuant to Section 3.1 with
respect to a series of Securities or Tranche thereof, the Depository for such
series or Tranche may surrender a Global Security for such series or Tranche in
exchange in whole or in part for individual Securities of such series or Tranche
on such terms as are acceptable to the Company and such Depository. Thereupon,
the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and make available
for delivery, without service charge,

                  (i) to each Person specified by such Depository a new
      individual Security or Securities of the same series or Tranche, of any
      authorized denomination as requested by such Person in aggregate principal
      amount equal to and in exchange for such Persons' beneficial interest in
      the Global Security; and



                                       -14-



                  (ii) to such Depository a new Global Security in a
      denomination equal to the difference, if any, between the principal amount
      of the surrendered Global Security and the aggregate principal amount of
      individual Securities delivered to Holders thereof.

                  In any exchange provided for in any of the preceding
paragraphs of this Section, the Company will execute and the Trustee will
authenticate and make available for delivery individual Securities in registered
form in authorized denominations.

                  Upon the exchange of a Global Security for individual
Securities, such Global Security shall be cancelled by the Trustee. Individual
Securities issued in exchange for a Global Security pursuant to this Section
shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the
Depository for such Global Security shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee
shall make such Securities available for delivery to the Persons in whose names
such Securities are so registered.

                                   ARTICLE 3
                                 THE SECURITIES

         Section 3.1       Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.
                           -------------------------------------

         The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities of each series
shall be subordinated in right of payment to all Senior Indebtedness with
respect to such series as provided in ARTICLE 13.

         The Securities may be issued from time to time in one or more series.
With respect to the Securities of any particular series, there shall be
established in, or pursuant to the authority granted in, a resolution of the
Board of Directors, and set forth in an Officer's Certificate, or established in
one or more indentures supplemental hereto prior to the issuance of Securities
of a series:

         (a) the form of the Securities of the series;

         (b) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish
the Securities of the series from all other Securities);

         (c) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of
the series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except
for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or
in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to
Section 2.5, Section 3.6, Section 3.8, Section 3.12 or Section 15.3);

         (d) the date or dates on which the Securities of the series may be
issued;

         (e) the date or dates, which may be serial, on which the principal of,
and premium, if any, on, the Securities of the series are payable;



                                      -15-



         (f) the rate or rates, or the method of determination thereof, at which
the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, any Overdue Rate
(including the rate or rates at which overdue principal shall bear interest, if
different from the rate or rates at which such Securities shall bear interest
prior to Maturity, and, if applicable, the rate or rates at which overdue
premium or interest shall bear interest, if any); any formulary or other method
or other means by which any such rate or rates shall be determined, by reference
to an index or other fact or event ascertainable outside this Indenture or
otherwise; the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue and the
method or methods, if any, by which such date or dates are to be determined, the
Interest Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable and the Regular
Record Date, if other than as set forth in Section 3.9, for the determination of
Holders to whom interest is payable, whether and under what circumstances
Additional Amounts (in addition to those set forth in Section 4.4) on such
Securities or any of them shall be payable, the notice, if any, to Holders
regarding the determination of interest on a floating rate Security, and the
manner of giving such notice, and the basis upon which interest shall be
calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months;

         (g) the place or places where the principal of, and premium, if any,
and interest on or any Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to such
Securities of the series shall be payable (if other than as provided in Section
4.2);

         (h) the provisions, if any, establishing the price or prices at which,
the date or dates on which, the period or periods within which and the terms and
conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in
part, at the option of the Company, pursuant to any sinking fund or otherwise;

         (i) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, purchase or repay
Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or
at the option of a Holder thereof and the price or prices at which, the date or
dates on which, and the period or periods within which, and the terms and
conditions upon which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed, purchased or
repaid, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation and any provisions for
the remarketing of such Securities so redeemed or purchased;

         (j) if other than denominations of $1,000, and any integral multiple
thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the series shall be issuable;

         (k) whether the Securities of the series will be convertible into
shares of Common Shares of the Company and/or exchangeable for other securities,
whether or not issued by the Company, and, if so, the terms and conditions upon
which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, and any deletions
from or modifications or additions to this Indenture to permit or to facilitate
the issuance of such convertible or exchangeable Securities or the
administration thereof;

         (l) whether the Securities of the series are to be issued as Original
Issue Discount Securities and, if so, the amount of the discount with respect
thereto;


                                      -16-



         (m) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the
principal amount of the Securities of the series which shall be payable upon
declaration of acceleration with respect thereto pursuant to Section 6.1 or
payable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section 6.2;

         (n) the relative degree, if any, to which Securities of such series
shall be senior to or be subordinated to other series of Securities or other
Indebtedness of the Company in right of payment, whether such other series of
Securities or other Indebtedness is outstanding or not;

         (o) any Events of Default or restrictive covenants provided for with
respect to the Securities of the series, if other than as set forth in Section
6.1, ARTICLE 4 and ARTICLE 11; (p) in case the Securities of the series do not
bear interest, the applicable dates for the purpose of Section 5.1;

         (q) whether the Securities of the series will bear any other form of
special interest;

         (r) whether either or both of Section 12.2(b) relating to defeasance or
Section 12.2(c) relating to covenant defeasance shall not be applicable to the
Securities of such series, or any covenants in addition to those specified in
Section 12.2(c) relating to the Securities of such series which shall be subject
to covenant defeasance, and any deletions from, or modifications or additions
to, the provisions of ARTICLE 12 in respect of the Securities of such series;

         (s) any trustees, paying agents, transfer agents or registrars with
respect to the Securities of the series;

         (t) whether the Securities of the series are issuable in whole or in
part as one or more Global Securities and, in such case, the identity of the
Depository for such Global Security or Global Securities;

         (u) any restrictions on transfer with respect to the Securities of the
series and any legend reflecting such restrictions to be placed on such
Securities;

         (v) if the amount of payment of principal of, and premium, if any, or
interest on or Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to such Securities of
the series may be determined with reference to an index, formula or other
method, and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which and the manner in which
such amounts shall be determined;

         (w) any exceptions to Section 14.8 or in the definition of "Business
Day" with respect to the Securities of the series; ------------

         (x) if other than U.S. dollars, the Foreign Currency in which the
Securities of such series shall be denominated and in which payments or
principal of, and any premium or interest on or Additional Amounts with respect
to, such Securities shall or may be payable;



                                      -17-



         (y) if the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional
Amounts with respect to any of such Securities are to be payable, at the
election of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in Dollars or in a
Foreign Currency other than that in which such Securities are stated to be
payable, the date or dates on which, the period or periods within which, and the
other terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made, and the time
and manner of determining the exchange rate between the Currency in which such
Securities are stated to be payable and the Currency in which such Securities or
any of them are to be paid pursuant to such election, and any deletions from or
modifications of or additions to the terms of this Indenture to provide for or
to facilitate the issuance of Securities denominated or payable, at the election
of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in a Foreign Currency; and

         (z) any other terms of the series and any other modifications or
additions to this Indenture in respect of such Securities (which terms shall not
be contrary to the provisions of this Indenture).

                  With respect to Securities of a series subject to a Periodic
Offering, such resolution of the Board of Directors or indenture supplemental
hereto may provide general terms or parameters and may provide that the specific
terms of particular Securities, and the Persons authorized to determine such
terms or parameters, may be determined in accordance with or pursuant to the
Company Order referred to in Section 3.3.

                  All Securities of any one series shall be substantially
identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in,
or pursuant to the authority granted in, such resolution of the Board of
Directors or in any such indenture supplemental hereto.

                  Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee
shall be under no obligation to authenticate and deliver Securities of any
series the terms of which, established as contemplated by this Section, would
affect the rights, duties, obligations, liabilities or immunities of the Trustee
under this Indenture.

         Section 3.2       Form and Denominations.
                           -----------------------

         In the absence of any specification pursuant to Section 3.1 with
respect to the Securities of any series, the Securities of such series shall be
issuable in fully registered form, without coupons, in denominations of $1,000
and any integral multiple thereof.

         Section 3.3       Authentication, Dating and Delivery of Securities.
                           --------------------------------------------------

         At any time and from time to time after the original execution and
delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series,
executed by the Company, to the Trustee for authentication. Except as otherwise
provided in this Article, the Trustee shall thereupon authenticate and make
available for delivery, or cause to be authenticated and delivered, said
Securities to or upon a Company Order, without any further action by the
Company; provided, however, that the Trustee shall authenticate and make
available for



                                      -18-



delivery Securities of such series for original issue from time to time in the
aggregate principal amount established for such series pursuant to such
procedures, acceptable to the Trustee and to such recipients, as may be
specified from time to time by a Company Order. The maturity dates, original
issue dates, interest rates and any other terms of the Securities of such series
shall be determined by or pursuant to such Company Order and procedures.

         In authenticating such Securities and accepting the responsibilities
under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be
entitled to receive, prior to the initial authentication of such Securities, and
(subject to Section 7.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon:

         (a) a Board Resolution relating thereto;

         (b) an Officer's Certificate or an executed supplemental indenture
setting forth the terms of such Securities as provided in Section 3.1;

         (c) an Officer's Certificate which shall state that all conditions
precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the issuance of such
Securities have been complied with, that no Event of Default with respect to any
series of Securities has occurred and is continuing and that the issuance of
such Securities does not constitute and will not result in (i) any Event of
Default or any event or condition, which, upon the giving of notice or the lapse
of time or both, would become an Event of Default or (ii) any default under the
provisions of any other instrument or agreement by which the Company is bound;
and

         (d) an Opinion of Counsel, which shall state:

             (i) that the form and the terms of such Securities have been duly
         authorized by the Company and have been established in conformity with
         the provisions of this Indenture;

             (ii) that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the
         Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any
         conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid
         and binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with
         their terms, except to the extent enforceability may be limited by
         applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium,
         arrangement, fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer and other
         similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally
         and by general principles of equity (regardless of whether
         enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law);

             (iii) that no consent, approval, authorization, order, registration
         or qualification of or with any court or any governmental agency or
         body having jurisdiction over the Company is required for the execution
         and delivery of such Securities by the Company, except such as have
         been obtained (and except that no opinion need be expressed as to state
         securities or "blue sky" laws); and



                                      -19-



             (iv) all applicable laws and requirements in respect of the
         execution and delivery by the Company of such Securities have been
         complied with;

         Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.1 and of the immediately
preceding paragraph, with respect to Securities of a series subject to a
Periodic Offering, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive the Officer's
Certificate otherwise required pursuant to Section 3.3(c) and the Opinion of
Counsel required by this Section 3.3(d) only once at or prior to the time of the
first authentication and delivery of such Securities (provided that such Opinion
of Counsel addresses the authentication and delivery of all such Securities) and
that, in lieu of the opinions described in clause (ii) above, Counsel may opine
that:

             (x) when the terms of such Securities shall have been established
pursuant to a Company Order or Orders or pursuant to such procedures as may be
specified from time to time by a Company Order or Orders, all as contemplated by
and in accordance with the instrument or instruments delivered pursuant to
clause (i) above, such terms will have been duly authorized by the Company and
will have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;
and

             (y) when such Securities shall have been authenticated and
delivered by the Trustee in accordance with this Indenture and the Company Order
or Orders or the specified procedures referred to in paragraph (x) above and
issued and delivered by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions
specified in such Opinion of Counsel, such Securities will constitute valid
obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their terms except to
the extent enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws affecting the enforcement of
creditors rights generally and by the effect of general principles of equity
(regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or
at law).

         With respect to Securities of a series subject to a Periodic Offering,
the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the authorization by the Company of any
of such Securities, the forms and terms thereof, the validity thereof and the
compliance of the authentication and delivery thereof with the terms and
conditions of this Indenture, upon the Opinion or Opinions of Counsel, the
Officer's Certificate and the certificates and other documents delivered
pursuant to this Section 3.3 at or prior to the time of the first authentication
and delivery of Securities of such series until any of such opinions,
certificates or other documents have been superseded or revoked or expire by
their terms; provided, however, that any request by the Company to the Trustee
to authenticate and deliver Securities of such series shall constitute a
representation and warranty by the Company that as of the date of such request
the statements made in the most recent Officer's Certificate delivered pursuant
to Section 3.3(c) are true and correct as if made on and as of the date thereof.

         The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and make
available for delivery any Securities under this Section if the Trustee, being
advised by counsel reasonably acceptable to the Trustee and the Company,
determines that such action would be contrary to the provisions hereof or would
expose the Trustee to personal liability.



                                      -20-



         Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication, except as
otherwise provided pursuant to Section 3.1 with respect to the series of which
such Security is a part and except that any substitute Security under Section
3.8 shall be dated so that neither gain nor loss in interest shall result from
any mutilation, destruction, loss or theft of the relevant Predecessor Security.

         Section 3.4       Execution of Securities.
                           ------------------------

         The Securities shall be signed in the name of and on behalf of the
Company by both (a) its chairman, vice chairman, president, any vice president,
chief executive officer or chief financial officer and (b) its chief financial
officer, chief operating officer, treasurer, any assistant treasurer, its
secretary or any assistant secretary, under its corporate seal which may, but
need not, be attested. Such signatures may be the manual or facsimile signatures
of such officers. The seal of the Company may be in the form of a facsimile
thereof and may be impressed, affixed, imprinted or otherwise reproduced
thereon. Typographical and other minor errors or defects in any such
reproduction of the seal or any such signature shall not affect the validity or
enforceability of any Security that has been duly authenticated and delivered by
the Trustee.

         In case any officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the
Securities shall cease to be such officer before the Security so signed shall be
authenticated and delivered by or on behalf of the Trustee or disposed of by the
Company, such Securities nevertheless may be authenticated and delivered or
disposed of as though the Person who signed such Securities had not ceased to be
such officer of the Company; and any Security may be signed on behalf of the
Company by such Persons as, at the actual date of the original execution of such
Security, shall be the proper officers of the Company, although at the date of
the original execution and delivery of this Indenture, or at the date of such
Security, any such Person was not such an officer.

         Section 3.5       Certificate of Authentication.
                           ------------------------------

         No Security shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture or be
valid or obligatory for any purpose, unless there appears on such Security a
certificate of authentication substantially in the form hereinbefore recited,
executed by or on behalf of the Trustee by manual signature. Such certificate by
or on behalf of the Trustee upon any Security executed by the Company shall be
conclusive evidence that the Security so authenticated has been duly
authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the Holder is entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture.

         Section 3.6       Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange.
                           ----------------------------------------------------

                  Subject to the conditions set forth below (and subject, with
respect to Global Securities, to Section 2.5), Securities of any series may be
exchanged for a like aggregate principal amount of Securities of the same series
and having the same terms but in other authorized denominations. Securities to
be exchanged shall be surrendered at the offices or



                                      -21-



agencies to be maintained for such purposes as provided in Section 4.2, and the
Company shall execute and the Trustee or any Authenticating Agent shall
authenticate and make available for delivery in exchange therefor the Security
or Securities which the Holder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive.

                  The Company shall keep or cause to be kept, at one of said
offices or agencies maintained pursuant to Section 4.2, a register for each
series of Securities issued hereunder (hereinafter collectively referred to as
the "Securities Register") in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as
it may prescribe, the Company shall, subject to the provisions of Section 2.5,
provide for the registration of Securities of such series and shall register the
transfer of Securities of such series as in this Article provided. The
Securities Register shall be in written form or in any other form capable of
being converted into written form within a reasonable time. The Trustee is
hereby appointed as the initial "Securities Registrar" for the purpose of
registering Securities and registering transfers of Securities as herein
provided. Subject to the provisions of Section 2.5, upon surrender for
registration of transfer of any Security of any series at any such office or
agency, the Company shall execute and the Trustee or any Authenticating Agent
shall authenticate and make available for delivery in the name of transferee or
transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series for an equal
aggregate principal amount.

                  The Company shall have the right to remove and replace from
time to time the Security Registrar for any series of Securities; provided that
no such removal or replacement shall be effective until a successor Security
Registrar with respect to such series of Securities shall have been appointed by
the Company and shall have accepted such appointment by the Company. In the
event that the Trustee shall not be or shall cease to be Security Registrar with
respect to a series of Securities, it shall have the right to examine the
Security Register for such series at all reasonable times. There shall be only
one Security Register for each series of Securities.

                  All Securities presented for registration of transfer or for
exchange, redemption or payment shall (if so required by the Company or the
Securities Registrar) be duly endorsed by, or be accompanied by a written
instrument or instruments of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and
the Securities Registrar duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney
duly authorized in writing.

                  Each Security issued upon registration of transfer or exchange
of Securities pursuant to this Section shall be the valid obligation of the
Company, evidencing the same indebtedness and entitled to the same benefits
under this Indenture as the Security or Securities surrendered upon registration
of such transfer or exchange.

                  No service charge shall be made for any registration of
transfer or exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in
connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other
than exchanges pursuant to Section 3.12, Section 10.6 or Section 14.3 not
involving any transfer.



                                       -22-



                  Neither the Company nor the Security Registrar shall be
required (a) to issue, exchange or register the transfer of any Securities of
any series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before
the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities of such series
and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (b) to
exchange or register the transfer of any Securities selected, called or being
called for redemption except, in the case of any Security to be redeemed in
part, the portion thereof not to be redeemed.

         Section 3.7       Additional Provisions Related to Transfer and
                           ---------------------------------------------
Exchange of Restricted Securities.
----------------------------------

                  (a) If the owner of a beneficial interest in a Rule 144A
Global Security that is a Restricted Security wishes to transfer such interest
(or a portion thereof) to a Non-U.S. Person pursuant to Regulations S, then upon
receipt by the Trustee of (i) instructions from the Holder of the Rule 144A
Global Security directing the Trustee to credit or cause to be credited a
beneficial interest in the Regulation S Global Security equal to the principal
amount of the beneficial interest in the Rule 144A Global Security to be
transferred and (ii) a certificate from the transferor in the form of Exhibit A,
the Trustee shall, subject to the rules and procedures of the Depository,
instruct the Depository to increase the Regulation S Global Security and
decrease the Rule 144A Global Security by the amount so transferred.

                  (b) If the owner of a beneficial interest in a Regulation S
Global Security that is a Restricted Security wishes to transfer such interest
(or a portion thereof) to a QIB pursuant to Rule 144A, then upon receipt by the
Trustee of (i) instructions from the Holder of the Regulation S Global Security
directing the Trustee to credit or cause to be credited a beneficial interest in
the Rule 144A Global Security equal to the principal amount of the beneficial
interest in the Regular S Global Note to be transferred and (ii) a certificate
from the transferor in the form of Exhibit B, the Trustee shall, subject to the
rules and procedures of the Depository, instruct the Depository to increase the
Rule 144A Global Security and decrease the Regulation S Global Security by the
amount so transferred.

                  (c) If the owner of a beneficial interest in a Restricted
Global Security wishes to transfer such interest in a Global Security that is
unrestricted pursuant to a Registered Exchange Offer, then upon receipt by the
Trustee of (i) instructions from the Holder of the Restricted Global Security
directing the Trustee to cause the transfer and exchange in the beneficial
interest in the Restricted Global Security to a beneficial interest in a Global
Security that is unrestricted, equal to the principal amount of the beneficial
interest in the Restricted Global Security to be transferred, and (ii) a
certificate from the owner in the form of Exhibit C, the Trustee shall, subject
to the rules and procedures of the Depository, instruct the Depository to cause
such transfer and exchange.

         Subject to and in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3.7,
upon the close of the Registered Exchange Offer in accordance with the terms of
the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company shall execute and, upon receipt
of a Company Order, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver one or more
unrestricted Global Securities representing an aggregate



                                      -23-



principal amount of Securities equal to the principal amount of Securities
tendered for acceptance by Persons that certify in the applicable letters of
transmittal that (x) they are not Broker-Dealers, (y) they are not participating
in a distribution of the Exchange Securities and (z) they are not affiliates (as
defined in Rule 144) of the Company, and accepted for exchange in the Exchange
Offer.

                  (d) Any transfer of Restricted Securities not described above
(other than transfers of beneficial interests within the same Global Security,
which must be effected in accordance with applicable law and the rules and
procedures of the Depository) shall be made only upon receipt by the Trustee of
such opinions of counsel, certificates and/or other information reasonably
required by and satisfactory to it in order to ensure compliance with the
Securities Act or in accordance with subsection (e) below.

                  (e) Upon the transfer, exchange or replacement of any Security
(or a beneficial interest in a Global Security) bearing a Private Placement
Legend, the Trustee shall deliver only a Security (or a beneficial interest in a
Global Security) that bears a Private Placement Legend unless:

                  (i) such Security (or beneficial interest) is exchanged in a
         Registered Exchange Offer;

                  (ii) such Security (or beneficial interest) is transferred
         pursuant to an effective registration statement;

                  (iii) such Security (or beneficial interest) is transferred
         pursuant to Rule 144 upon delivery to the Trustee of a certificate from
         the transferor in the form of Exhibit D and an opinion of counsel
         reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee;

                  (iv) such Security (or beneficial interest) is transferred,
         replaced or exchanged after the Restriction Termination Date therefor;
         or

                  (v) in connection with such transfer, exchange or replacement,
         the Trustee shall have received an opinion of counsel and other
         evidence reasonably satisfactory to it to the effect that neither such
         Private Placement Legend nor the related restrictions on transfer are
         required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act.

         Section 3.8       Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.
                           -------------------------------------------------

         In case any temporary or definitive Security shall become mutilated
(whether by defacement or otherwise) or be destroyed, lost or stolen, and in the
absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been
acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall, except as otherwise
provided in this Section, execute, and upon a Company Request, the Trustee shall
authenticate and make available for delivery, a new Security of the same series,
tenor and principal amount, bearing a number, letter or other distinguishing
symbol not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the
mutilated Security, or



                                      -24-


in lieu of and in substitution for the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In
every case the applicant for a substituted Security shall furnish to the Company
and to the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee such security or
indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and, in
every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to
the Company and the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee evidence
to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of such Security and of
the ownership thereof.

                  Upon the issuance of any substitute Security under this
Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any
tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any
other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee or any
Authenticating Agent) connected therewith.

                  In case any Security which has matured or is about to mature
or has been called for redemption in full shall become mutilated or be
destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute
Security, pay or authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof
except in the case of a mutilated Security). In every case, the applicant for
such payment shall furnish to the Company and to the Trustee and any agent of
the Company or the Trustee such security or indemnity as any of them may require
to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft,
the applicant shall also furnish to the Company and the Trustee and any agent of
the Company or the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction,
loss or theft of such Security and of the ownership thereof.

                  Every substitute Security of any series issued pursuant to the
provisions of this Section by virtue of the fact that any such Security is
destroyed, lost or stolen shall constitute an additional contractual obligation
of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be
at any time enforceable by anyone and shall be entitled to all the benefits of
(but shall be subject to all the limitations of rights set forth in) this
Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of such
series duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. All Securities shall be held
and owned upon the express condition that, to the extent permitted by law, the
foregoing provisions of this Section are exclusive with respect to the
replacement or payment of mutilated (whether by defacement or otherwise) or
destroyed, lost or stolen Securities and shall preclude any and all other rights
or remedies notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to
the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of negotiable
instruments or other securities without their surrender.

         Section 3.9       Payment of Interest and Certain Additional Amounts;
                           ---------------------------------------------------
Interest Rights and Certain Additional Amounts Preserved.
---------------------------------------------------------

         The Holder of any Securities at the close of business on the Regular
Record Date with respect to any Interest Payment Date shall be entitled to
receive the interest, if any, and any Additional Amounts payable on such
Interest Payment Date notwithstanding the cancellation of such Securities upon
any registration of transfer or exchange subsequent to the Regular Record Date
and prior to such Interest Payment Date, and, if provided for in the Board
Resolution or supplemental indenture pursuant to Section 3.1, in the case of a
Security issued between a



                                      -25-



Regular Record Date and the initial Interest Payment Date relating to such
Regular Record Date, interest for the period beginning on the date of issue and
ending on such initial Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person to whom
such Security shall have been originally issued. Except as otherwise specified
as contemplated by Section 3.1, for Securities of a particular series the term
"Regular Record Date" as used in this Section with respect to any Interest
Payment Date shall mean the close of business on the last day of the calendar
month preceding such Interest Payment Date if such Interest Payment Date is the
fifteenth day of a calendar month and shall mean the close of business on the
fifteenth day of the calendar month preceding such Interest Payment Date if such
Interest Payment Date is the first day of a calendar month, whether or not such
day shall be a Business Day. At the option of the Company, payment of interest
on any Security may be made by check mailed to the address of the Person
entitled thereto (which shall be the Depository in the case of Global
Securities) as such address shall appear in the Securities Register.

                  If and to the extent the Company shall default in the payment
of the interest due or any Additional Amounts on such Interest Payment Date in
respect of any Securities, such defaulted interest shall be paid by the Company
at its election in each case, as provided in clause (a) or (b) below:

         (a) The Company may make payment of any defaulted interest to the
Holder of Securities at the close of business on a "Special Record Date"
established by notice given by mail, by or on behalf of the Company, to such
Holder not less than 15 days preceding such Special Record Date, such Special
Record Date to be not less than 10 days preceding the date for payment of such
defaulted interest.

         (b) The Company may make payment of any defaulted interest on the
Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the
requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities of such series
may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if,
after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment
pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by
the Trustee.

                  Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each
Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of, or in
exchange for, or in lieu of, any other Security shall carry the rights to
interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other
Security.

         Section 3.10      Additional or Special Interest Under Registration
                           -------------------------------------------------
Rights Agreements.
------------------

                  Under certain circumstances, the Company may be obligated to
pay additional or special interest as liquidated damages to Holders of
Outstanding Securities of any series, all as and to the extent set forth in the
Registration Rights Agreement (if any) applicable to such series. In any such
event, such additional or special interest the Company may be obligated to pay
as liquidated damages will be deemed to be interest for purposes of this
Indenture.



                                      -26-



                  The Trustee shall have no duty or responsibility for
determining if any additional or special interest or liquidated damages are
payable with respect to Securities of any series or, if any such additional or
special interest or liquidated damages are payable thereon, when such additional
or special interest or liquidated damages are payable and the amount thereof.
The Company shall notify the Trustee and Paying Agent in writing at least five
Business Days prior to each Interest Payment Date with respect to Securities of
such series whether additional or special interest or liquidated damages are
payable and, to the extent such additional or special interest or liquidated
damages are payable, shall certify in such notice the date such additional or
special interest or liquidated damages commenced to accrue, the applicable per
annum interest rate or rates applicable thereto and the periods such additional
or special interest or liquidated damages accrued at each such rate and the
aggregate amount of such additional or special interest or liquidated damages
payable on such Interest Payment Date.

         Section 3.11      Cancellation of Securities; Destruction Thereof.
                           ------------------------------------------------

         All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of
transfer or exchange, or for credit against any payment in respect of a sinking
or analogous fund, shall, if surrendered to the Company or any Paying Agent or
any Securities Registrar, be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or, if
surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be
issued in lieu thereof except as expressly permitted by any of the provisions of
this Indenture. The Trustee shall, unless instructed to deliver the Securities
to the Company in a company order, destroy such cancelled Securities and deliver
certification of their destruction to the Company. If the Company shall acquire
any of the Securities, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or
satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until
the same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.

         Section 3.12      Temporary Securities.
                           ---------------------

         Pending the preparation by the Company of definitive Securities of any
series, the Company may execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and make
available for delivery in the manner provided in Section 3.3, temporary
Securities for such series (printed, lithographed, typewritten or otherwise
reproduced, in each case in form satisfactory to the Trustee). Temporary
Securities of any series shall be issuable in any authorized denomination, and
substantially in the form of the definitive Securities of such series in lieu of
which they are issued but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may
be appropriate for temporary securities, all as may be determined by the Company
with the concurrence of the Trustee. Temporary Securities may contain such
reference to any provisions of this Indenture as may be appropriate. Every
temporary Security shall be executed by the Company and be authenticated by the
Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with
like effect, as the definitive Securities. Without unreasonable delay the
Company shall execute and shall furnish definitive Securities of such series and
thereupon temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange
therefor without charge at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the
Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery in exchange for such
temporary Securities an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive
Securities of the same series. Such exchange shall be made by the Company at its
own expense and without any



                                      -27-




charge therefor except that in case of any such exchange involving any
registration of transfer the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to
cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation
thereto. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of any series shall in all
respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive
Securities of such series authenticated and delivered hereunder.

         Section 3.13      Computation of Interest.
                           ------------------------

         Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for
Securities of any series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be
computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

         Section 3.14      CUSIP Numbers.
                           --------------

         The Company in issuing the Securities may use "CUSIP" numbers (if then
generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use "CUSIP" numbers in notices
of redemption as a convenience to Holders as set-forth in Section 15.2.

                                   ARTICLE 4
                            COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY

         The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of
Securities (except to the extent that any series of Securities is excluded from
the benefits of any of such covenants pursuant to Section 3.1(o)) that on and
after the date of original execution of this Indenture and so long as any of the
Securities of such series remain Outstanding:

         Section 4.1       Payment of Securities.
                           ----------------------

         The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid the
principal of any premium and interest on, and any Additional Amounts with
respect to the Securities of such series at the place or places, at the
respective times and in the manner provided in such Securities and in the
Indenture.

         Section 4.2       Offices or Agency.
                           ------------------

         So long as any of the Securities remain Outstanding, the Company will
maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, New York, an office
or agency where such Securities may be presented or surrendered for payment,
where such Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or
exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of such
Securities and this Indenture may be served, which office or agency shall
initially be the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee or, if the Corporate
Trust Office of the Trustee is not located in the Borough of Manhattan, The City
of New York, such office or agency shall be the principal corporate trust office
of the Authenticating Agent designated pursuant to Section 7.14 hereof. The
Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any change in the
location of any such office or agency. If at any time the



                                      -28-



Company shall fail to maintain such required office or agency or shall fail to
furnish the Trustee with the required information with respect thereto,
presentations, surrenders, notices and demands in respect of Securities may be
made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee and the corporate
trust office of any Authenticating Agent appointed hereunder; and the Company
hereby appoints the Trustee and any Authenticating Agent appointed hereunder its
agents to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

                  The Company may also from time to time designate one or more
other offices or agencies (in or outside The City of New York) where the
Securities of one or more series, or any Tranche thereof may be presented or
surrendered for any or all of such purposes, and may from time to time rescind
such designation; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission
shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain for such
purposes an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York.
The Company will promptly notify the Trustee of any such designation or
rescission thereof.

                  Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities
pursuant to Section 3.1, if and so long as the Securities of any series (i) are
denominated in a Foreign Currency or (ii) may be payable in a Foreign Currency,
or so long as it is required under any other provision of this Indenture, then
the Company will maintain with respect to each such series of Securities, or as
so required, at least one exchange rate agent.

         Section 4.3       Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust.
                           --------------------------------------------------

         If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with
respect to any series of Securities, it shall, on or before each due date of the
principal of, any premium or interest on or Additional Amounts with respect to
any of the Securities of such series, segregate and hold in trust for the
benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum in the currency or currencies,
currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies in which the
Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to
Section 3.1 for the Securities of such series) sufficient to pay the principal
or any premium, interest or Additional Amounts so becoming due until such sums
shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided, and
shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of its action or failure so to act.

                  Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for
any series of Securities, it shall, on or prior to each due date of the
principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect
to any Securities of such series, deposit with any Paying Agent a sum (in the
currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency or
currencies described in the preceding paragraph) sufficient to pay the principal
and any premium, interest or Additional Amounts so becoming due, such sum to be
held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto, and (unless such
Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee in
writing of its action or failure so to act.

                  The Company shall cause each Paying Agent for any series of
Securities other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an
instrument in which such Paying Agent



                                      -29-



shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that
such Paying Agent shall:

         (a) hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of, any
premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities of
such series or Tranche in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto
until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as
provided in or pursuant to this Indenture;

         (b) give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or any other
obligor upon the Securities of such series) in the making of any payment of
principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect
to the Securities of such series; and

         (c) At any time during the continuance of any such default, upon the
written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in
trust by such Paying Agent.

                  The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or
by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in
trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee
upon the same terms as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or
such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee,
such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to
such sums.

                  Anything in this Section to the contrary notwithstanding, the
agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the
provisions of Section 12.3, Section 12.4 and Section 12.5.

         Section 4.4       Additional Amounts.
                           -------------------

         All payments of principal of and premium, if any, interest and any
other amounts on, or in respect of, the Securities of any series shall be made
without withholding or deduction at source for, or on account of, any present or
future taxes, fees, duties, assessments or governmental charges of whatever
nature imposed or levied by or on behalf of Bermuda or any other jurisdiction in
which the Company is organized or otherwise considered to be a resident for tax
purposes, or any other jurisdiction from which or through which a payment on the
Securities is made by the Company (each, a "Taxing Jurisdiction") or any
political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein, unless such taxes,
fees, duties, assessments or governmental charges are required to be withheld or
deducted by (i) the laws (or any regulations or ruling promulgated thereunder)
of a Taxing Jurisdiction or any political subdivision or taxing authority
thereof or therein or (ii) an official position regarding the application,
administration, interpretation or enforcement of any such laws, regulations or
rulings (including, without limitation, a holding by a court of competent
jurisdiction or by a taxing authority in a Taxing Jurisdiction or any political
subdivision thereof).



                                      -30-



                  If a withholding or deduction at source is required, the
Company shall, subject to certain limitations and exceptions set forth below,
pay to the Holder of any such Security such Additional Amounts as may be
necessary so that every net payment of principal, premium, if any, interest or
any other amount made to such Holder, after such withholding or deduction
(including any such withholding or deduction from such additional amounts),
shall not be less than the amount provided for in such Security and this
Indenture to be then due and payable; provided, however, that the Company shall
not be required to make payment of such Additional Amounts for or on account of:

         (a) any tax, fee, duty, assessment or governmental charge of whatever
nature which would not have been imposed but for the fact that such Holder: (A)
was a resident, domiciliary or national of, or engaged in business or maintained
a permanent establishment or was physically present in, the relevant Taxing
Jurisdiction or any political subdivision thereof or otherwise had some
connection with the relevant Taxing Jurisdiction other than by reason of the
mere ownership of, or receipt of payment under, or enforcement of rights with
respect to, such Security; (B) presented such Security, where presentation is
required, for payment in the relevant Taxing Jurisdiction or any political
subdivision thereof, unless such Security could not have been presented for
payment elsewhere; or (C) presented such Security, where presentation is
required, more than thirty (30) days after the date on which the payment in
respect of such Security first became due and payable or provided for, whichever
is later, except to the extent that the Holder would have been entitled to such
Additional Amounts if it had presented such Security for payment on any day
within such period of thirty (30) days;

         (b) any estate, inheritance, gift, sale, transfer, personal property or
similar tax, assessment or other governmental charge;

         (c) any tax, assessment or other governmental charge that is imposed or
withheld by reason of the failure by the Holder or the beneficial owner of such
Security to comply with any reasonable request by the Company addressed to the
Holder within 90 days of such request (A) to provide information concerning the
nationality, residence or identity of the Holder or such beneficial owner or (B)
to make any declaration or other similar claim or satisfy any information or
reporting requirement, which, in the case of (A) or (B), is required or imposed
by statute, treaty, regulation or administrative practice of the relevant Taxing
Jurisdiction or any political subdivision thereof as a precondition to exemption
from all or part of such tax, assessment or other governmental charge;

         (d) any withholding or deduction required to be made pursuant to any EU
Directive on the taxation of savings implementing the conclusions of the ECOFIN
Council meetings of 26-27 November 2000, 3 June 2003 or any law implementing or
complying with, or introduced in order to confirm to, such EU Directive; or

         (e) any combination of items (a), (b), (c) and (d);

nor shall Additional Amounts be paid with respect to any payment of the
principal of, or premium, if any, interest or any other amounts on, any such
Security to any Holder who is a


                                      -31-



fiduciary or partnership or other than the sole beneficial owner of such
Security to the extent such payment would be required by the laws of the
relevant Taxing Jurisdiction (or any political subdivision or relevant taxing
authority thereof or therein) to be included in the income for tax purposes of a
beneficiary or partner or settlor with respect to such fiduciary or a member of
such partnership or a beneficial owner who would not have been entitled to such
Additional Amounts had it been the Holder of the Security.

                  Whenever in this Indenture there is mentioned, in any context,
the payment of the principal of or any premium, interest or any other amounts
on, or in respect of, any Security of any series or the net proceeds received on
the sale or exchange of any Security of any series, such mention shall be deemed
to include mention of the payment of Additional Amounts provided by the terms of
such series established hereby or pursuant hereto to the extent that, in such
context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be payable in respect thereof
pursuant to such terms, and express mention of the payment of Additional Amounts
(if applicable) in any provision hereof shall not be construed as excluding the
payment of Additional Amounts in those provisions hereof where such express
mention is not made.

                  Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture
or the related Board Resolution of the applicable series, at least 10 days prior
to the first Interest Payment Date with respect to a series of Securities (or if
the Securities of such series shall not bear interest prior to Maturity, the
first day on which a payment of principal is made), and at least 10 days prior
to each date of payment of principal or interest if there has been any change
with respect to the matters set forth in the below-mentioned Officer's
Certificate, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee and the principal Paying
Agent or Paying Agents, if other than the Trustee, an Officer's Certificate
instructing the Trustee and such Paying Agent or Paying Agents whether such
payment of principal of and premium, if any, interest or any other amounts on
the Securities of such series shall be made to Holders of Securities of such
series without withholding for or on account of any tax, fee, duty, assessment
or other governmental charge described in this Section 4.4. If any such
withholding shall be required, then such Officer's Certificate shall specify by
Taxing Jurisdiction the amount, if any, required to be withheld on such payments
to such Holders of Securities and the Company agrees to pay to the Trustee or
such Paying Agent the Additional Amounts required by this Section 4.4. The
Company covenants to indemnify the Trustee and any Paying Agent for, and to hold
them harmless against, any loss, liability or expense reasonably incurred
without negligence or bad faith on their part arising out of or in connection
with actions taken or omitted by any of them in reliance on any Officer's
Certificate furnished pursuant to this Section 4.4.

                  The Company will make any required withholding or deduction
and remit the full amount deducted or withheld to the relevant Taxing
Jurisdiction in accordance with applicable law. The Company will furnish to the
Holders, within 60 days after the date the payment of any taxes so deducted or
withheld is due pursuant to applicable law, either certified copies of tax
receipts evidencing such payment by the Company or, if such receipts are not
obtainable, other evidence of such payments by the Company reasonably
satisfactory to the Holders.



                                      -32-



                  The Company shall promptly pay when due any present or future
stamp, court or documentary taxes or any other excise or property taxes, charges
or similar levies that arise in any Taxing Jurisdiction from the execution,
delivery, or registration of any Security or any other document or instrument
relating to the issuance thereof or the receipt of any payments with respect to
the Securities. The Company shall indemnify and make whole the Holders of
Securities for any present or future stamp, court or documentary taxes or any
other excise or property taxes, charges or similar levies payable by the Company
as provided in this Section 4.4 that are paid by such Holders.

                  The foregoing obligations will survive any termination,
defeasance or discharge of the Indenture and will apply mutatis mutandis to any
jurisdiction in which any successor to the Company is organized or any political
subdivision or taxing authority or agency thereof or therein.

         Section 4.5       Redemption for Tax Purposes.
                           ----------------------------

         The Company may redeem the Securities at its option, in whole but not
in part, at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount, together
with accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Amounts, if any, to the date
fixed for redemption, if at any time it determines in good faith that as a
result of (i) any change in or amendment to the laws or treaties (or any
regulations or rulings promulgated under these laws or treaties) of any Taxing
Jurisdiction (or of any political subdivision or taxation authority thereof
affecting taxation) or any change in the position regarding the application or
official interpretation of such laws, treaties, regulations or rulings
(including a holding, judgment or order by a court of competent jurisdiction)
which change in position becomes effective after the issuance of the Securities,
or (ii) any action taken by any Taxing Jurisdiction (or any political
subdivision or taxing authority thereof affecting taxation) which action is
generally applied or is taken with respect to the Company, the Company would be
required as of the next Interest Payment Date to pay Additional Amounts with
respect to the Securities as provided in Section 4.4 and such requirements
cannot be avoided by the use of reasonable measures (consistent with practices
and interpretations generally followed or in effect at the time such measures
could be taken) then available. If the Company elects to redeem the Securities
under this provision it will give written notice of such election to the
Trustee. If the Company elects to redeem the Securities under this provision it
will also mail a notice of redemption at least 30 days but no more than 60 days
before the Redemption Date to each Holder of the Securities to be redeemed.
Unless the Company defaults in the payment of the Redemption Price, on and after
the Redemption Date, interest will cease to accrue on the Securities or portions
thereof called for redemption. Any such redemption will be subject to ARTICLE 14
hereof.

         Notwithstanding the foregoing, no such notice of redemption will be
given earlier than 90 days prior to the earliest date on which the Company would
be obliged to make such payment of Additional Amounts or withholding if a
payment in respect of the Securities were then due. In any event, prior to the
publication or mailing or any notice of redemption of the Securities pursuant to
the foregoing, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an opinion of independent
tax counsel of recognized standing reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee to the



                                      -33-



effect that the circumstances referred to above exist. The Trustee will accept
such opinion as sufficient evidence of the satisfaction of the conditions
precedent described above, in which event it will be conclusive and binding on
the Holders of the Securities.

         Section 4.6       Corporate Existence.
                           --------------------

         Subject to ARTICLE 11, the Company shall do or cause to be done all
things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its legal
existence and rights (charter and statutory) and franchises; provided, however,
that the foregoing shall not obligate the Company to preserve any such right or
franchise if the Company shall determine that the preservation thereof is no
longer desirable in the conduct of its business and that the loss thereof is not
disadvantageous in any material respect to any Holder.

         Section 4.7       Waiver of Certain Covenants.
                           ----------------------------

         The Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with any
term, provision or condition set forth in Section 4.6 with respect to the
Securities of any series if before the time for such compliance the Holders of
at least a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such
series, by Act of such Holders, either shall waive such compliance in such
instance or generally shall have waived compliance with such term, provision or
condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term, provision or
condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall
become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee
in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in full force
and effect.

         Section 4.8       Certificates to Trustee.
                           ------------------------

         The Company will, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year,
file with the Trustee an Officer's Certificate complying with the provisions of
the second paragraph of Section 14.6, covering the period from the date of
original execution of this Indenture to December 31, [ ] in the case of the
first such certificate, and covering the preceding calendar year in the case of
each subsequent certificate, and stating whether or not, to the knowledge of
each of the signers, one of whom shall be the principal executive officer, the
principal financial officer or the principal accounting officer, the Company has
complied with the conditions and covenants on its part contained in this
Indenture, and, if the signers, to the best of their knowledge, know of any
event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, a default
by the Company in the performance, observance or fulfillment of any such
condition or covenant, specifying each such default and the nature thereof. For
the purpose of this Section, compliance shall be determined without regard to
any grace period or requirement of notice provided pursuant to the terms of this
Indenture.

         The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within five days after the
occurrence thereof, written notice of any Event of Default or any event which
after notice or lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default pursuant
to clause (c) of Section 6.1.




                                      -34-



         Section 4.9       Calculation of Original Issue Discount.
                           ---------------------------------------

         The Company shall file with the Trustee promptly at the end of each
calendar year (i) a written notice specifying the amount of original issue
discount (including daily rates and accrual periods) accrued on any Outstanding
Original Issue Discount Securities as of the end of such year and (ii) such
other specific information relating to such original issue discount as may then
be relevant under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to
time.

                                   ARTICLE 5
                     SECURITYHOLDER LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE
                             COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE

         Section 5.1       Company to Furnish Trustee Information as to Names
                           ---------------------------------------------------
and Addresses of Securityholders.
---------------------------------

         The Company covenants and agrees that it will furnish or cause to be
furnished to the Trustee a list in such form as the Trustee may reasonably
require of the names and addresses of the Holders of the Securities of each
series semiannually and not later than June 30 and December 31 in each year, and
at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, as of a date no more
than 15 days prior to the date such information is so furnished; provided that,
if and so long as the Trustee shall be the Securities Registrar for such series,
such list shall not be required to be furnished.

         Section 5.2       Preservation and Disclosure of Securityholder Lists.
                           ----------------------------------------------------

         (a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably
practicable, all information received by it pursuant to Section 5.1 and similar
information received by it in any other capacity under this Indenture and afford
Holders access to the information preserved by it, all to such extent, if any,
and in such manner as shall be required by the Trust Indenture Act.

         (b) Each and every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the
same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the
Trustee nor any Paying Agent shall be held accountable by reason of the
disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses of the Holders
of Securities in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.2(a), regardless of
the source from which such information was derived, and that the Trustee shall
not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request
made under Section 5.2(a). In case three or more Holders of Securities of any
series (for purposes of this Section, "applicants") apply in writing to the
Trustee and furnish to the Trustee reasonable proof that each such applicant has
owned a Security for a period of at least six months preceding the date of such
application, and such application states that the applicants desire to
communicate with other Holders of Securities of a particular series (in which
case the applicants must all hold Securities of such series) or with Holders of
all Securities with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under such
Securities and such application is accompanied by a copy of the form of proxy or
other communication which such applicants



                                      -35-



propose to transmit, then the Trustee shall, within five business days after the
receipt of such application, at its election, either:

                  (i) afford to such applicants access to the information
         preserved at the time by the Trustee in accordance with the provision
         of subsection (a) of this Section 5.2, or

                  (ii) inform such applicant as to the approximate number of
         Holders of Securities of such series or all Securities, as the case may
         be, whose names and addresses appear in the information preserved at
         the time by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of
         subsection (a) of this Section 5.2, and as to the approximate cost of
         mailing to such Securityholders the form of proxy or other
         communication, if any, specified in such application. If the Trustee
         shall elect not to afford to such applicants access to such
         information, the Trustee shall, upon the written request of such
         applicants, mail to each Securityholder of such series or all
         Securities, as the case may be, whose name and address appear in the
         information preserved at the time by the Trustee in accordance with the
         provisions of subsection (a) of this Section 5.2, a copy of the form of
         proxy or other communication which is specified in such request, with
         reasonable promptness after a tender to the Trustee of the material to
         be mailed and of payment, or provision for the payment, of the
         reasonable expenses of a mailing, unless within five days after such
         tender, the Trustee shall mail to such applicants and file with the
         Commission together with a copy of the material to be mailed, a written
         statement to the effect that, in the opinion of the Trustee, such
         mailing would be contrary to the best interest of the Holders of
         Securities of such series or all Securities, as the case may be, or
         could be in violation of applicable law. Such written statement shall
         specify the basis of such opinion. If the Commission, after opportunity
         for a hearing upon the objections specified in the written statement so
         filed, shall enter an order refusing to sustain any of such objections
         or if, after the entry of such order sustaining one or more of such
         objections, the Commission shall find, after notice and opportunity for
         hearing, that all the objections so sustained have been met, and shall
         enter an order so declaring, the Trustee shall mail copies of such
         material to all such Securityholders with reasonable promptness after
         the entry of such order and the renewal of such tender; otherwise the
         Trustee shall be relieved of any obligation or duty to such applicants
         respecting their application.

         Section 5.3       Reports by the Company.
                           -----------------------

         The Company covenants:

         (a) to file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is
required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the annual reports and
of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of
any of the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by rules and
regulations prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with the
Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934; or, if the Company is not required to file information, documents
or reports pursuant to either of such Sections, then to file with the Trustee
and the Commission, in accordance with



                                      -36-



rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such of
the supplementary and periodic information, documents and reports which may be
required pursuant to Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in
respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as
may be prescribed from time to time in such rules and regulations;

         (b) to file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with
rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such
additional information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the
Company with the conditions and covenants provided for in this Indenture as may
be required from time to time by such rules and regulations; and

         (c) to transmit by mail to the Holders of Securities in the manner and
to the extent provided in Section 5.4 within 30 days after the filing thereof
with the Trustee, such summaries of any information, documents and reports
required to be filed by the Company pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this
Section as may be required to be transmitted to such Holders by rules and
regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission.

         The delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee
pursuant to this Section 5.3 is for informational purposes only and the
Trustee's receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any
information contained therein or determinable from information contained
therein, including the Company's compliance with any of its covenants hereunder
(as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer's
Certificates) other than with respect to Section 7.2.

         Section 5.4       Reports by the Trustee.
                           -----------------------

         (a) Within 60 days after May 15 in each year following the date of
original execution of this Indenture, so long as any Securities are Outstanding
hereunder, the Trustee shall transmit by mail (with a copy to the Company) to
the Securityholders of such series in the manner and to extent provided in Trust
Indenture Act Section 313(c), a brief report, as provided by the Trust Indenture
Act Sections 313(a) and (b).

         (b) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission
to the Securityholders of any series, be furnished to the Company and be filed
by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which the Securities of such series
are listed and also with the Commission. The Company agrees to notify the
Trustee promptly when and as the Securities of any series become admitted to
trading on any national securities exchange.

                                   ARTICLE 6
                   REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS
                               ON EVENT OF DEFAULT


                                      -37-



         Section 6.1       Event of Default Defined; Acceleration of Maturity;
                           ---------------------------------------------------
Waiver of Default.
------------------

         "Event of Default", with respect to the Securities of any series,
wherever used herein, means each one of the following events which shall have
occurred and be continuing (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and
whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law
or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or
regulation of any administrative or governmental body), unless it is either
inapplicable to a particular series or it is specifically deleted or modified in
the applicable resolution of the Board of Directors or in the supplemental
indenture under which such series of Securities is issued, as the case may be,
as contemplated by Section 3.1:

         (a) default in the payment of any interest on any of the Securities of
such series, or any Additional Amounts payable with respect thereto, as and when
the same shall become due and payable, and continuance of such default for a
period of 30 days and the time for payment of such interest or Additional
Amounts has not been extended; provided, however that if the Company is
permitted by the terms of the Securities of the applicable series to defer the
payment in question, the date on which such payment is due and payable shall be
the date on which the Company is required to make payment following such
deferral, if such deferral has been elected pursuant to the terms of the
Securities of that series; or

         (b) default in the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, on
any of the Securities of such series as, or any Additional Amounts payable with
respect thereto, and when the same shall become due and payable at Maturity, and
the time for payment of such principal (or premium, if any), or any Additional
Amounts payable with respect thereto, has not been extended; provided, however,
that if the Company is permitted by the terms of the Securities of the
applicable series to defer the payment in question, the date on which such
payment is due and payable shall be the date on which the Company is required to
make payment following such deferral, if such deferral has been elected pursuant
to the terms of the Securities of that series; or

         (c) default in the performance or breach of any other covenant or
warranty of the Company in respect of the Securities of such series (other than
a covenant or warranty in respect of the Securities of such series a default in
whose performance or observance is elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt
with), and continuance of such default for a period of 60 days after there has
been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee, or
to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of all series affected thereby, a written
notice specifying such default and requiring it to be remedied and stating that
such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

         (d) default in the payment at Maturity of Indebtedness of the Company
in excess of $50,000,000 or if any event of default as defined in any mortgage,
indenture or instrument under which there may be issued, or by which there may
be secured or evidenced, any Indebtedness of the Company (other than
Indebtedness which is non-recourse to the Company) shall happen and shall result
in the acceleration of more than $50,000,000 in principal amount



                                      -38-



of such Indebtedness (after giving effect to any applicable grace period) and
such default shall not be cured or waived or such acceleration shall not be
rescinded or annulled within a period of 60 days after there shall have been
given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the
Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of
the Outstanding Securities of such series, a written notice specifying such
default or event of default and requiring the Company to cause such default to
be cured or waived or to cause such acceleration to be rescinded or annulled or
to cause such Indebtedness to be discharged and stating that such notice is a
"Notice of Default" hereunder; or

         (e) the Company shall fail within 60 days to pay, bond or otherwise
discharge any uninsured judgment or court order for the payment of money in
excess of $50,000,000, which is not stayed on appeal or is not otherwise being
appropriately contested in good faith; or

         (f) a court having jurisdiction in the premises shall enter a decree or
order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case under any
applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in
effect, or, under any such law, (i) appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee,
custodian, trustee or sequestrator (or similar official) of the Company or for
any substantial part of its property or (ii) ordering the winding up or
liquidation of its affairs, and such decree or order shall remain unstayed and
in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days; or

         (g) the Company shall commence a voluntary case under any applicable
bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, or,
under any such law, (i) consent to the entry of an order for relief in an
involuntary case under any such law, (ii) consent to the appointment or taking
possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee or
sequestrator (or similar official) of the Company or for any substantial part of
its property, or (iii) make any general assignment for the benefit of creditors;
or

         (h) default in the performance or breach of the conditions of Section
11.1 and Section 11.2, and the continuation of such violation for 60 days after
there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the
Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, a written notice
specifying such failure to comply and requiring it to be remedied and stating
that such notice is a "Notice of Default"; or

         (i) any other Event of Default established by or pursuant to a
resolution of the Board of Directors or one or more indentures supplemental
hereto as applicable to the Securities of such series.

         If an Event of Default described in clause (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (h)
or (i) above occurs and is continuing with respect to Securities of any series
at the time Outstanding, the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in
aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding, by
notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by
Securityholders), may declare the entire principal (or, if the Securities of
such series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the
principal as may be specified in the



                                      -39-



terms of such series) of all Securities of such series and the interest accrued
thereon, if any, to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such
declaration the same shall become immediately due and payable.

                  If any Event of Default described in clause (f) or (g) above
occurs and is continuing, all unpaid principal of the Securities then
Outstanding of that series and the interest accrued thereon, if any, shall ipso
facto become and be immediately due and payable without declaration,
presentment, demand or notice of any kind by the Trustee or any Holder of
Securities of that series.

                  The foregoing provisions, however, are subject to the
condition that if, at any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect
to the Securities of any series has been made and before any judgment or decree
for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as
hereinafter provided, the Company shall pay or shall deposit with the Trustee a
sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest, if any, and any
Additional Amounts with respect to all the Securities of such series (or upon
all the Securities, as the case may be) and the principal of (and premium, if
any, on) any and all Securities of such series (or of all the Securities, as the
case may be) which shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with
interest upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the extent that
payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law, on overdue
installments of interest or Additional Amounts, at the Overdue Rate applicable
to such series to the date of such payment or deposit) and all amounts payable
to the Trustee pursuant to the provisions of Section 7.6, and such amount as
shall be sufficient to cover reasonable compensation to the Trustee, its agents,
attorneys and counsel, and all other expenses and liabilities incurred, and all
advances made, by the Trustee except as a result of its negligence or bad faith,
and if any and all Events of Default under the Indenture, other than the
nonpayment of the principal of and accrued interest on and any Additional
Amounts with respect to Securities of such series which shall have become due by
acceleration, shall have been cured, waived or otherwise remedied as provided
herein - then and in every such case the Holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the Securities of such series (each series voting as a
separate class), or of all the Securities (voting as a single class), as the
case may be, then Outstanding, by written notice to the Company and to the
Trustee, may waive all defaults with respect to that series (or with respect to
all the Securities, as the case may be) and rescind and annul such acceleration
and its consequences, but no such waiver or rescission and annulment shall
extend to or shall affect any subsequent default or shall impair any right
consequent thereon.

                  For all purposes under this Indenture, if a portion of the
principal of any Original Issue Discount Security shall have been accelerated
and declared or become due and payable pursuant to the provisions hereof, then,
from and after such acceleration, unless such acceleration has been rescinded
and annulled, the principal amount of such Original Issue Discount Security
shall be deemed, for all purposes hereunder, to be such portion of the principal
thereof as shall be due and payable as a result of such acceleration, and
payment of such portion of the principal thereof as shall be due and payable as
a result of such acceleration,



                                      -40-


together with interest, if any, thereon and all other amounts owing thereunder,
shall constitute payment in full of such Original Issue Discount Security.

         Section 6.2       Collection of Indebtedness by Trustee; Trustee May
                           --------------------------------------------------
Prove Debt.
-----------

         The Company covenants that (a) in case default shall be made in the
payment of any installment of interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect
to any of the Securities of any series when such interest shall have become due
and payable, and such default shall have continued for a period of 30 days or
(b) in case default shall be made in the payment of all or any part of the
principal of or any premium, if any, on any Securities of any series or any
Additional Amounts with respect thereto when the same shall have become due and
payable, whether upon Stated Maturity of the Securities of such series or upon
any redemption or by acceleration or otherwise, then upon demand of the Trustee
for such series, the Company will pay to the Trustee for the benefit of the
Holder of any such Security the whole amount that then shall have become due and
payable on any such Security for the principal, premium, if any, and interest,
if any, with interest upon the overdue principal and premium, if any, and, so
far as payment of the same is enforceable under applicable law, on overdue
installments of interest and Additional Amounts, at the Overdue Rate applicable
to any such Security; and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be
sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, and any further
amounts payable to the Trustee, its agents and counsel pursuant to the
provisions of Section 7.6.

                  In case the Company shall fail forthwith to pay such amounts
upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express
trust, shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at
law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may
prosecute any such action or proceedings to judgment or final decree, and may
enforce any such judgment or final decree against the Company or other obligor
upon such Securities and collect in the manner provided by law out of the
property of the Company or other obligor upon such Securities, wherever
situated, the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable.

                  The Trustee shall be entitled and empowered, either in its own
name as trustee of an express trust, or as attorney-in-fact for the Holders of
any of the Securities, or in both such capacities, to file such proof of debt,
amendment of proof of debt, claim, petition or other document as may be
necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the
Holders of Securities allowed in any equity receivership, insolvency,
bankruptcy, liquidation, readjustment, reorganization or other similar
proceedings, or any judicial proceedings, relative to the Company or any other
obligor on the Securities or its creditors or its property. The Trustee is
hereby irrevocably appointed (and the successive respective Holders of the
Securities, by taking and holding the same, shall be conclusively deemed to have
so appointed the Trustee) the true and lawful attorney-in-fact of the respective
Holders of the Securities, with authority to make or file in the respective
names of the Holders of the Securities any proof of debt, amendment of proof of
debt, claim, petition or other document in any such proceedings and to receive
payment of any sums becoming distributable on account thereof, and to execute
any other papers and documents and do and perform any and all acts and things
for and on


                                      -41-



behalf of such Holders of the Securities as may be necessary or advisable in the
opinion of the Trustee in order to have the respective claims of the Holders of
the Securities against the Company or any other obligor on the Securities and/or
its property allowed in any such proceedings, and to receive payment of or on
account of such claims; provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall
be deemed to authorize or empower the Trustee to consent to or accept or adopt,
on behalf of any Holder of Securities, any plan of reorganization or
readjustment of the Company or any other obligor on the Securities or, by other
action of any character in any such proceeding, to waive or change in any way
any right of any Holder of any Security, even though it may otherwise be
entitled so to do under any present or future law, all such power or
authorization being hereby expressly denied.

                  All rights of action and of asserting claims under this
Indenture or under any of the Securities may be enforced by the Trustee without
the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any trial
or other proceedings relative thereto, and any such action or proceedings
instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an
express trust, and any recovery of judgment, subject to the payment of the
expenses, disbursements and compensation of the Trustee, each predecessor
Trustee and their respective agents and attorneys, shall be for the ratable
benefit of the holders of the Securities in respect of which such action was
taken.

                  In any proceedings brought by the Trustee (and also any
proceedings involving the interpretation of any provision of this Indenture to
which the Trustee shall be a party), the Trustee shall be held to represent all
the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such action was taken, and it
shall not be necessary to make any Holders of such Securities parties to any
such proceedings.

         Section 6.3       Application of Proceeds.
                           ------------------------

         Any moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article in respect
of any series of the Securities, together with any other sums held by the
Trustee (as such) hereunder (other than sums held in trust for the benefit of
the Holders of particular Securities), shall be applied in the following order
at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of
such moneys on account of principal, or any premium, interest or Additional
Amounts, upon presentation (except in respect of Subdivision First below) of the
several Securities in respect of which moneys have been collected and stamping
(or otherwise noting) thereon the payment, or issuing Securities of such series
in reduced principal amounts in exchange for the presented Securities of like
series if only partially paid, or upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

                  FIRST: To the payment of costs and expenses applicable to such
         series in respect of which moneys have been collected, including
         reasonable compensation to the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee and
         their respective agents and attorneys and of all expenses and
         liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and each
         predecessor Trustee except as a result of its negligence or bad faith,
         and all other amounts due to the Trustee or any predecessor Trustee
         pursuant to Section 7.6;



                                      -42-



                  SECOND: In case the principal of the Securities of such series
         in respect of which moneys have been collected shall not have become
         and be then due and payable, to the payment of interest and any
         Additional Amounts on the Securities of such series in default in the
         order of the maturity of the installments of such interest, with
         interest (to the extent that such interest has been collected by the
         Trustee), so far as it may be enforceable under applicable law, upon
         the overdue installments of interest and any Additional Amounts at the
         Overdue Rate applicable to such series, such payments to be made
         ratably to the Persons entitled thereto, without discrimination or
         preference;

                  THIRD: In case the principal of the Securities of such series
         in respect of which moneys have been collected shall have become and
         shall be then due and payable, to the payment of the whole amount then
         owing and unpaid upon all the Securities of such series for principal
         and premium, if any, and interest, if any, and any Additional Amounts,
         with interest upon the overdue principal and premium, if any, and (to
         the extent that such interest has been collected by the Trustee), so
         far as payment of the same is enforceable under applicable law, upon
         overdue installments of interest and any Additional Amounts, if any, at
         the Overdue Rate applicable to such series; and in case such moneys
         shall be insufficient to pay in full the whole amount so due and unpaid
         upon the Securities of such series, then to the payment of such
         principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, and any Additional
         Amounts, without preference or priority of principal and premium, if
         any, over interest or any Additional Amounts, or of interest or any
         Additional Amounts, if any, over principal and premium, if any, or of
         any installment of interest over any other installment of interest, or
         of any Security of such series over any other Security of such series,
         ratably to the aggregate of such principal, premium, if any, and
         accrued and unpaid interest, if any; and

                  FOURTH: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the
         Company or as a court of competent jurisdiction may direct in writing.

         Section 6.4       Suits for Enforcement.
                           ----------------------

         In case an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series
has occurred, has not been waived and is continuing, the Trustee may in its
discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this
Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem
most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in
equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of
any covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise
of any power granted in this Indenture or to enforce any other legal or
equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.

         Section 6.5       Restoration of Rights on Abandonment of Proceedings.
                           ----------------------------------------------------

         In case the Trustee or any Holder shall have proceeded to enforce any
right under this Indenture and such proceedings shall have been discontinued or
abandoned for any reason, or shall have been determined adversely to the Trustee
or such Holder, then and in every such case (subject to the binding effect of
any determination made in such proceedings) the Company and



                                      -43-



the Trustee and each of the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively
to their former positions and rights hereunder, and (subject as aforesaid) all
rights, remedies and powers of the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall
continue as though no such proceedings had been instituted.

         Section 6.6       Limitations on Suits by Securityholders.
                           ----------------------------------------

         No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right by virtue
or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute an action or
proceeding at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise upon or under or
with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a trustee, receiver,
liquidator, custodian or other similar official or for any other remedy
hereunder, unless such Holder previously shall have given to the Trustee written
notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof, as hereinbefore
provided, and unless also the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate
principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have
made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action or proceeding in
its own name as Trustee hereunder and shall have offered to the Trustee such
reasonable indemnity as it may require against the costs, expenses and
liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby and the Trustee for 60 days after
its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity shall have failed to
institute any such action or proceeding and no direction inconsistent with such
written request shall have been given to the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.9; it
being understood and intended, and being expressly covenanted by the taker and
Holder of every Security with every other taker and Holder of any Security and
with the Trustee, that no one or more Holders of Securities of any series shall
have any right in any manner whatever by virtue or by availing of any provision
of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other Holder
of Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any
other such Holder or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the
manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all
Holders of Securities of such series. For the protection and enforcement of the
provisions of this Section, each and every Holder of Securities of any series
and the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law
or in equity.

         Section 6.7       Unconditional Right of Securityholders to Institute
                           ---------------------------------------------------
 Certain Suits.
---------------

         Nothing contained in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series
shall affect or impair the obligation of the Company, which is unconditional and
absolute, to pay the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest, if any,
on, and any Additional Amounts with respect to, the Securities of such series at
the respective places, at the respective times, at the respective rates, in the
respective amounts and in the coin or currency therein and herein prescribed, or
affect or impair the right of action, which is also absolute and unconditional,
of any Holder of any Security to institute suit to enforce such payment at the
respective due dates expressed in such Security, or upon redemption, by
declaration, repayment or otherwise as herein provided without reference to, or
the consent of, the Trustee or the Holder of any other Security, unless such
Holder consents thereto or unless and to the extent that the institution or
prosecution.



                                      -44-



         Section 6.8       Powers and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission
                           -------------------------------------------------
Not Waiver of Default.
----------------------

         Except as provided in Section 6.6, no right or remedy herein conferred
upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holder of any Security is intended to
be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to
the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right
and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or
otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or
otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other
appropriate right or remedy.

         No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Security of
any series to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default
occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power or
shall be construed to be a waiver of any such Event of Default or an
acquiescence therein; and, subject to Section 6.6, every power and remedy given
by this Indenture or by law to the Trustee or to the Holder of any Security may
be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by
the Trustee or by the Holder of such Security.

         Section 6.9       Control by Holders of Securities.
                           ---------------------------------

         The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of each series affected (with each series voting as a separate class)
at the time Outstanding shall have the right to direct the time, method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or
exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series by this Indenture; provided that such direction shall
not be otherwise than in accordance with law and the provisions of this
Indenture, and provided, further, that (subject to the provisions of Section
7.1) the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if
the Trustee, being advised by counsel, shall determine that the action or
proceeding so directed may not lawfully be taken or if the Trustee shall
determine that the action or proceedings so directed would expose the Trustee to
personal liability or would be contrary to the provisions hereof, being advised
by counsel reasonably acceptable to the Trustee and the Company, or if the
Trustee in good faith shall so determine that the actions or forebearances
specified in or pursuant to such direction would be unduly prejudicial to the
interests of Holders of the Securities of all series so affected not joining in
the giving of said direction, it being understood that (subject to Section 7.1)
the Trustee shall have no duty to ascertain whether or not such actions or
forebearances are unduly prejudicial to such Holders.

                  As between the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities,
nothing in this Indenture shall impair the right of the Trustee in its
discretion to take any action deemed proper by the Trustee and which is not
inconsistent with such direction or directions by Securityholders.



                                      -45-



         Section 6.10      Waiver of Past Defaults.
                           ------------------------

         The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series on behalf of the Holders of all the
Securities of such series may waive any past default hereunder with respect to
such series and its consequences, except a default:

         (1) in the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on, or
any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security of such series, or

         (2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under ARTICLE 10
cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Security of such series affected.

                  Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and
any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for
every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any
subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

         Section 6.11      Trustee to Give Notice of Default, But May Withhold
                           ---------------------------------------------------
in Certain Circumstances.
------------------------

         The Trustee shall transmit to the Securityholders of any series, as the
names and addresses of such Holders appear on the Security Register, notice by
mail of all defaults known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee which have
occurred with respect to such series, such notice to be transmitted within 60
days after the Trustee shall have knowledge thereof, as provided in section
7.1(i), unless such defaults shall have been cured before the giving of such
notice (the term "default" or "defaults" for the purposes of this Section being
hereby defined to mean any event or condition which is, or with notice or lapse
of time or both would become, an Event of Default); provided that, except in the
case of default in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or
interest, if any, on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any of the
Securities of such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such
notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a
trust committee of directors or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good
faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interests of the
Securityholders of such series.

         Section 6.12      Right of Court to Require Filing of Undertaking to
                           --------------------------------------------------
Pay Costs.
----------

         The parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by
his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its
discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under
this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered
or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an
undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its
discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees,
against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and
good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the
provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the



                                      -46-



Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder or group of
Securityholders of any series holding in the aggregate more than 10% in
aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series Outstanding, or, in
the case of any suit relating to or arising under Section 6.1(c) or Section
6.1(i) (if the suit relates to Securities of more than one but fewer than all
series), 10% in aggregate principal amount of Securities Outstanding affected
thereby, or, in the case of any suit relating to or arising under Section 6.1(c)
or Section 6.1(i) (if the suit under clause (d) or (g) relates to all the
Securities then Outstanding), Section 6.1(f) or Section 6.1(g), 10% in aggregate
principal amount of all Securities Outstanding, or to any suit instituted by any
Holder of Securities for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of, or
premium, if any, or interest, if any, on, any Security on or after the due date
expressed in such Security.

         Section 6.13      Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws.
                           ----------------------------------------

         The Company covenants that (to the extent that it may lawfully do so)
it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim
or take the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever
enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants
or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company expressly waives (to the
extent that it may lawfully do so) all benefit or advantage of any such law and
covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power
herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every
such power as though no such law had been enacted.

         Section 6.14      Delay or Omission Not Waiver.
                           ----------------------------

         No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Security to
exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any
such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an
acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to
the Trustee or to any Holder of a Security may be exercised from time to time,
and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by such Holder, as
the case may be.

                                   ARTICLE 7
                             CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

         Section 7.1       Duties and Responsibilities of the Trustee; During
                           --------------------------------------------------
 Default; Prior to Default.
---------------------------

         With respect to the Holders of any series of Securities issued
hereunder, the Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with
respect to the Securities of that series and after the curing or waiving of all
Events of Default which may have occurred with respect to such series,
undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set
forth in this Indenture. In case an Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of a series has occurred (which has not been cured or waived), the
Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this
Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise,



                                      -47-



as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct
of his own affairs.

                  No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve
the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent
failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:

         (a) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of such series and after the curing or waiving of all such Events of
Default with respect to such series which may have occurred:

                  (i) the duties and obligations of the Trustee shall be
         determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture, and the
         Trustee shall not be liable except for the performance of such duties
         and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no
         implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture
         against the Trustee; and

                  (ii) in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee,
         the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements
         and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any
         statements, certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and
         conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of
         any such statements, certificates or opinions which by any provision
         hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the
         Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether
         or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture;

         (b) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in
good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee,
unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the
pertinent facts; and

         (c) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or
omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the
Holders of Securities pursuant to Section 6.9 relating to the time, method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or
exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture.

                  None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall
require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal
financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise
of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for
believing that the repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such
liability is not reasonably assured to it.

         Section 7.2       Certain Rights of the Trustee.
                           ------------------------------

         Subject to Section 7.1:


                                      -48-



         (a) the Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be protected in acting
or refraining from acting upon any resolution, Officer's Certificate or any
other certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request,
consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon, security or other paper or
document (whether in original or facsimile form) believed by it to be genuine
and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

         (b) any request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned
herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by an Officer's Certificate (unless other
evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed); and any
resolution of the Board of Directors may be evidenced to the Trustee by a copy
thereof certified by the secretary or any assistant secretary of the Company;

         (c) the Trustee may consult with counsel and any advice or Opinion of
Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of
any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it hereunder in good faith
and in accordance with such advice or Opinion of Counsel;

         (d) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
trusts or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or
direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this
Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee
reasonable security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses
and liabilities which might be incurred therein or thereby;

         (e) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted by
it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion,
rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;

         (f) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default hereunder and after
the curing or waiving of all Events of Default, the Trustee shall not be bound
to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution,
certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent,
order, approval, appraisal, bond, debenture, note, coupon, security or other
paper or document unless requested in writing so to do by the Holders of not
less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of all
series affected then Outstanding; provided that, if the payment within a
reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to
be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the
Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by
the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity
against such expenses or liabilities as a condition to proceeding; the
reasonable expenses of every such investigation shall be paid by the Company or,
if paid by the Trustee or any predecessor Trustee, shall be repaid by the
Company upon demand;

         (g) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or
perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
attorneys not regularly in its employ, and the Trustee shall not be responsible
for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any such agent or attorney
appointed with due care by it hereunder;


                                      -49-



         (h) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the
facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture,
note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the
Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into
such facts or matters as it may see fit, and if the Trustee shall determine to
make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine
during reasonable hours and upon reasonable notice the books, records and
premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney;

         (i) the Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or
Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual
knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a
default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee,
and such notice references the Securities and this Indenture; and

         (j) the rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given
to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its right to be indemnified, are
extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities
hereunder, and each agent, custodian and other Person authorized to act
hereunder.

          Section 7.3       Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals, Disposition of
                            ----------------------------------------------------
 Securities or Application of Proceeds Thereof.
-----------------------------------------------

         The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the
certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company,
and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness of the same,
except that the Trustee represents that it is duly authorized to execute and
deliver this Indenture, authenticate the Securities and perform its obligations
hereunder and that the statements made by it in a Statement of Eligibility on
Form T-1 supplied to the Company are true and accurate, subject to the
qualifications set forth therein. The Trustee makes no representation as to the
validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities. The Trustee
shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the
Securities or of the proceeds thereof.

         Section 7.4       Trustee and Agents May Hold Securities; Collections,
                           ----------------------------------------------------
 etc.
-----

         The Trustee, any Paying Agent, Securities Registrar, Authenticating
Agent or any agent of the Company or the Trustee, in its individual or any other
capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities with the same rights it
would have if it were not the Trustee or such agent, and, subject to Section 7.8
and Section 7.13, if operative, may otherwise deal with the Company and receive,
collect, hold and retain collections from the Company with the same rights it
would have if it were not the Trustee, Paying Agent, Securities Registrar,
Authenticating Agent or such agent.


                                      -50-



         Section 7.5       Moneys Held by Trustee.
                           -----------------------

         Subject to the provisions of Section 12.3, all moneys received by the
Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for
the purposes for which they were received, but need not be segregated from other
funds except to the extent required by mandatory provisions of law. The Trustee
shall have no liability for interest on money it receives and holds in trust
except as specifically provided herein.

         Section 7.6       Compensation and Indemnification of Trustee and Its
                           ---------------------------------------------------
 Prior Claim.
-------------

         The Company covenants and agrees to pay the Trustee from time to time,
and the Trustee shall be entitled to such compensation as the Company and the
Trustee may from time to time agree in writing for all services rendered by the
Trustee hereunder (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of
law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) and the
Company covenants and agrees to pay or reimburse the Trustee and each
predecessor trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements
and advances incurred or made by or on behalf of it in accordance with any of
the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the
expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of all agents and other Persons
not regularly in its employ) except any such expense, disbursement or advance as
shall be attributable to its negligence or bad faith. The Company also covenants
to indemnify the Trustee and each predecessor trustee for, and hold it harmless
against, any loss, liability, damage, claims or expense, including taxes (other
than taxes measured by the income of the Trustee or otherwise applicable to the
Trustee for operations outside the scope of this Indenture) incurred without
negligence or bad faith on its part, arising out of or in connection with the
acceptance or administration of this Indenture or the trusts hereunder and the
performance of its duties hereunder, including the costs and expenses of
defending itself against or investigating any claim of liability in connection
with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder except
to the extent that any such loss, liability, damage, claims or expense shall be
attributable to the Trustee's negligence or bad faith. The obligations of the
Company under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and each
predecessor trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee and each predecessor
trustee for expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute additional
indebtedness hereunder and shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture and resignation or removal of the Trustee. Such additional
indebtedness shall be a lien prior to that of the Securities upon all property
and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust
for the benefit of the Holders of particular Securities.

         Section 7.7     Right of Trustee to Rely on Officer's Certificate, etc.
                         -------------------------------------------------------

         Subject to Section 7.1 and Section 7.2, whenever in the administration
of the trusts of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it necessary or desirable
that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting
any action hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be
herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith
on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established
by an Officer's Certificate delivered to the Trustee, and such certificate, in
the



                                      -51-



absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full
warrant to the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it under the
provisions of this Indenture upon the good faith thereof.

         Section 7.8     Qualification of Trustee; Conflicting Interests.
                         ------------------------------------------------

         The Trustee for the Securities of any series issued hereunder shall be
subject to the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act during
the period of time provided for therein. In determining whether the Trustee has
a conflicting interest as defined in Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act
with respect to the Securities of any series, there shall be excluded this
Indenture with respect to Securities of any particular series of Securities
other than that series. Nothing herein shall prevent the Trustee from filing
with the Commission the application referred to in the penultimate paragraph of
Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.

         Section 7.9     Persons Eligible for Appointment as Trustee.
                         --------------------------------------------

         There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder for each series of
Securities, which shall be at all times either:

         (a) a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the
United States of America or of any State or territory or the District of
Columbia, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers and
subject to supervision or examination by Federal, State, territory or District
of Columbia authority; or

         (b) a corporation or other Person organized and doing business under
the laws of a foreign government that is permitted to act as Trustee pursuant to
a rule, regulation or order of the Commission, authorized under such laws to
exercise corporate trust powers, and subject to supervision or examination by
authority of such foreign government or a political subdivision thereof
substantially equivalent to supervision or examination applicable to United
States institutional trustees, in either case having a combined capital and
surplus of at least $50,000,000. If such corporation publishes reports of
condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to requirements of the aforesaid
supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section 7.9,
the combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its
combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition
so published. If at any time the Trustee for the Securities of any series shall
cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section 7.9, it
shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified
in this Article. Neither the Company nor any Person directly or indirectly
controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company shall serve
as Trustee for the Securities of any series issued hereunder.

         Section 7.10     Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor
                          -------------------------------------------------
 Trustee.
---------

         (a) The Trustee, or any trustee or trustees hereafter appointed, may at
any time resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Company and by
mailing notice thereof by



                                      -52-



first-class mail to Holders of the Securities at their last addresses as they
shall appear on the Security Register. Upon receiving such notice of
resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee or trustees
by written instrument in duplicate, executed by authority of the Board of
Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning
Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee or trustees. If no successor
trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment within 30
days after the mailing of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may
petition at the expense of the Company any court of competent jurisdiction for
the appointment of a successor trustee, or any Securityholder who has been a
bona fide Holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may,
subject to the provisions of Section 6.12, on behalf of himself and all others
similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor
trustee. Such court may thereupon, after such notice, if any, as it may deem
proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.

         (b) In case at any time any of the following shall occur:

                  (i) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of
         Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act after written request
         therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder who has been a bona
         fide Holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months unless
         the Trustee's duty to resign is stayed in accordance with the
         provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act; or

                  (ii) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with
         the provisions of Section 7.9 and shall fail to resign after written
         request therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder; or the
         Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a
         bankrupt or insolvent; or a receiver or liquidator of the Trustee or of
         its property shall be appointed, or any public officer shall take
         charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the
         purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation; then, in any
         case, the Company may remove the Trustee and appoint a successor
         trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the
         Board of Directors of the Company, one copy of which instrument shall
         be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor
         trustee, or, subject to the provisions of Section 6.12, any
         Securityholder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security or
         Securities for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all
         others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction
         for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor
         trustee. Such court may thereupon, after such notice, if any, as it may
         deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint a successor
         trustee.

         (c) The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the Trustee and
appoint a successor trustee by delivering to the Trustee so removed, to the
successor trustee so appointed and to the Company the evidence provided for in
Section 8.1 of the action in that regard taken by the Securityholders.



                                      -53-



         (d) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a
successor trustee pursuant to any of the provisions of this Section 7.10 shall
become effective until acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as
provided in Section 7.11.

         Section 7.11      Acceptance of Appointment by Successor Trustee.
                           -----------------------------------------------

         Any successor trustee appointed as provided in Section 7.10 shall
execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to its predecessor trustee
an instrument accepting such appointment hereunder, and thereupon the
resignation or removal of the predecessor trustee shall become effective and
such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall
become vested with all rights, powers, duties and obligations of its predecessor
hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as trustee hereunder; but
nevertheless, on the written request of the Company or of the successor trustee,
upon payment of all amounts due to the Trustee under Section 7.6, the Trustee
ceasing to act shall, subject to Section 4.4, pay over to the successor trustee
all moneys at the time held by it hereunder and shall execute and deliver an
instrument transferring to such successor trustee all such rights, powers,
duties and obligations. Upon request of any successor trustee, the Company shall
execute any and all instruments in writing for more fully and certainly vesting
in and confirming to such successor trustee all such rights and powers. Any
Trustee ceasing to act, shall, nevertheless, retain a prior lien upon all
property or funds held or collected by such trustee to secure any amounts then
due it pursuant to the provisions of Section 7.6.

                  No successor trustee shall accept appointment as provided in
this Section 7.11 unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee
shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.8 and eligible under the
provisions of Section 7.9.

                  Upon acceptance of appointment by any successor trustee as
provided in this Section 7.11, the Company shall mail notice thereof by
first-class mail to the Holders of Securities at their last addresses as they
shall appear on the Security Register. If the acceptance of appointment is
substantially contemporaneous with the resignation, then the notice called for
by the preceding sentence may be combined with the notice called for by Section
7.10. If the Company fails to mail such notice within 10 days after acceptance
of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such
notice to be mailed at the expense of the Company.

         Section 7.12      Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to
                           --------------------------------------------------
 Business of Trustee.
---------------------

         Any corporation in which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with
which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to substantially all of the corporate trust business of
the Trustee, shall be the successor of the trustee hereunder, provided that such
corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.8 and eligible
under the provisions of Section 7.9, without the execution or filing of any
paper or any further act (including the giving of any notice to Securityholders)
on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary
notwithstanding.



                                      -54-



                  In case at the time such successor to the Trustee shall
succeed to the trusts created by this Indenture any of the Securities shall have
been authenticated but not delivered, any such successor to the Trustee may
adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor trustee and deliver
such Securities so authenticated; and, in case at that time any of the
Securities shall not have been authenticated, any successor to the Trustee may
authenticate such Securities either in the name of any predecessor hereunder or
in the name of the successor trustee; and in all such cases such certificate
shall have the full force which it is anywhere in the Securities or in this
Indenture provided for the certificate of authentication of the Trustee.

          Section 7.13    Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company.
                          ------------------------------------------------------

         (a) Subject to the provisions of this Section, if the Trustee shall be
or shall become a creditor, directly or indirectly, secured or unsecured, of the
Company or any other obligor of the Securities within three months prior to a
default, as defined in Section 7.13(c), or subsequent to such a default, then,
unless and until such default shall be cured, the Trustee shall set apart and
hold in a special account for the benefit of the Trustee individually, the
Holders of the Securities and the holders of other indenture securities (as
defined in this Section):

                  (i) an amount equal to any and all reductions in the amount
         due and owing upon any claim as such creditor in respect of principal
         or interest, effected after the beginning of such three months' period
         and valid as against the Company and its other creditors, except any
         such reduction resulting from the receipt or disposition of any
         property described in Section 7.13(a)(ii), or from the exercise of any
         right of set-off which the Trustee could have exercised if a petition
         in bankruptcy had been filed by or against the Company upon the date of
         such default; and

                  (ii) all property received by the Trustee in respect of any
         claim as such creditor, either as security therefor, or in satisfaction
         or composition thereof, or otherwise, after the beginning of such three
         months' period, or an amount equal to the proceeds of any such
         property, if disposed of, subject, however, to the rights, if any, of
         the Company and its other creditors in such property or such proceeds.

                  Nothing herein contained, however, shall affect the right of
         the Trustee:

                  (A) to retain for its own account (i) payments made on account
                  of any such claim by any Person (other than the Company) who
                  is liable thereon, (ii) the proceeds of a bona fide sale of
                  any such claim by the Trustee to a third Person, and (iii)
                  distributions made in cash, securities or other property in
                  respect of claims filed against the Company in bankruptcy or
                  receivership or in the proceedings for reorganization pursuant
                  to the Federal Bankruptcy Code or applicable state law;

                  (B) to realize, for its own account, upon any property held by
                  it as security for any such claim, if such property was so
                  held prior to the beginning of such three months' period;



                                      -55-




                  (C) to realize, for its own account, but only to the extent of
                  the claim hereinafter mentioned, upon any property held by it
                  as security for any such claim, if such claim was created
                  after the beginning of such three months' period and such
                  property was received as security therefor simultaneously with
                  the creation thereof, and if the Trustee shall sustain the
                  burden of proving that at the time such property was so
                  received the Trustee has no reasonable cause to believe that a
                  default as defined by Section 7.13(c) would occur within three
                  months; or

                  (D) to receive payment on any claim referred to in paragraph
                  (B) or (C) above, against the release of any property held as
                  security for such claim as provided in such paragraph (B) or
                  (C), as the case may be, to the extent of the fair value of
                  such property.

                  For the purposes of paragraphs (B), (C) and (D), property
substituted after the beginning of such three months' period for property held
as security at the time of such substitution shall, to the extent of the fair
value of the property released, have the same status as the property released,
and, to the extent that any claim referred to in any of such paragraphs is
created in renewal of or in substitution for or for the purpose of repaying or
refunding any pre-existing claim of the Trustee as such creditor, such claim
shall have the same status as such pre-existing claim.

                  If the Trustee shall be required to account, the funds and
property held in such special account and the proceeds thereof shall be
apportioned between the Trustee, the Holders of the Securities and the holders
of other indenture securities in such manner that the Trustee, such Holders and
the holders of other indenture securities realize, as a result of payments from
such special account and payments of dividends on claims filed against the
Company in bankruptcy or receivership or in proceedings for reorganization
pursuant to the Federal Bankruptcy Code or applicable state law, the same
percentage of their respective claims, figured before crediting to the claim of
the Trustee anything on account of the receipt by it from the Company of the
funds and property in such special account and before crediting to the
respective claims of the Trustee, Holders of the Securities and the holders of
other indenture securities dividends on claims filed against the Company in
bankruptcy or receivership or in proceedings for reorganization pursuant to the
Federal Bankruptcy Code or applicable state law, but after crediting thereon
receipts on account of the indebtedness represented by their respective claims
from all sources other than from such dividends and from the funds and property
so held in such special account. As used in this paragraph, with respect to any
claim, the term "dividends" shall include any distribution with respect to such
claim, in bankruptcy or receivership or in proceedings for reorganization
pursuant to the Federal Bankruptcy Code or applicable state law, whether such
distribution is made in cash, securities or other property, but shall not
include any such distribution with respect to the secured portion, if any, of
such claim. The court in which such bankruptcy, receivership or proceeding for
reorganization is pending shall have jurisdiction (i) to apportion between the
Trustee, the Holders of Securities and the holders of other indenture
securities, in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph, the



                                      -56-



funds and property held in such special account and the proceeds thereof; or
(ii) in lieu of such apportionment, in whole or in part, to give to the
provisions of this paragraph due consideration in determining the fairness of
the distributions to be made to the Trustee, the Holders of Securities and the
holders of other indenture securities with respect to their respective claims,
in which event it shall not be necessary to liquidate or to appraise the value
of any securities or other property held in such special account or as security
for any such claim, or to make a specific allocation of such distribution as
between the secured and unsecured portions of such claims, or otherwise to apply
the provisions of this paragraph as a mathematical formula.

                  Any Trustee who has resigned or been removed after the
beginning of such three months' period shall be subject to the provisions of
this Section 7.13(a) as though such resignation or removal had not occurred. If
any Trustee has resigned or been removed prior to the beginning of such three
months' period, it shall be subject to the provisions of this Section 7.13(a) if
and only if the following conditions exist:

                  (E) the receipt of property or reduction of claim which would
                  have given rise to the obligation to account, if such Trustee
                  had continued as trustee, occurred after the beginning of such
                  three months' period; and

                  (F) such receipt of property or reduction of claim occurred
                  within three months after such resignation or removal.

         (b) There shall be excluded from the operation of this Section a
creditor relationship arising from:

                  (i) the ownership or acquisition of securities issued under
         any indenture, or any security or securities having a maturity of one
         year or more at the time of acquisition by the Trustee;

                  (ii) advances authorized by a receivership or bankruptcy court
         of competent jurisdiction or by this Indenture for the purpose of
         preserving any property which shall at any time be subject to the lien
         of this Indenture or of discharging tax liens or other prior liens or
         encumbrances thereon, if notice of such advance and of the
         circumstances surrounding the making thereof is given to the Holders of
         the applicable series of Securities at the time and in the manner
         provided in this Indenture;

                  (iii) disbursements made in the ordinary course of business in
         the capacity of trustee under an indenture, transfer agent, registrar,
         custodian, paying agent, fiscal agent or depositary, or other similar
         capacity;

                  (iv) an indebtedness created as a result of services rendered
         or premises rented or an indebtedness created as a result of goods or
         securities sold in a cash transaction as defined in Section
         7.13(c)(iii);



                                      -57-



                  (v) the ownership of stock or of some other securities of a
         corporation organized under the provisions of Section 25(a) of the
         Federal Reserve Act, as amended, which is directly or indirectly a
         creditor of the Company; or

                  (vi) the acquisition, ownership, acceptance or negotiation of
         any drafts, bills of exchange, acceptances or obligations which fall
         within the classification of self-liquidating paper as defined in
         Section 7.13(c)(iv).

         (c) As used in this Section:

                  (i) the term "default" shall mean any failure to make payment
         in full of the principal of or interest upon any of the Securities of
         the applicable series or upon the other indenture securities when and
         as such principal or interest becomes due and payable;

                  (ii) the term "other indenture securities" shall mean
         securities upon which the Company is an obligor (as defined in the
         Trust Indenture Act) outstanding under any other indenture (i) under
         which the Trustee is also trustee, (ii) which contains provisions
         substantially similar to the provisions of Section 7.13(a), and (iii)
         under which a default exists at the time of the apportionment of the
         funds and property held in said special account;

                  (iii) the term "cash transaction" shall mean any transaction
         in which full payment for goods or securities sold is made within seven
         days after delivery of the goods or securities in currency or in checks
         or other orders drawn upon banks or bankers and payable upon demand;

                  (iv) the term "self-liquidating paper" shall mean any draft,
         bill of exchange, acceptance or obligation which is made, drawn,
         negotiated or incurred by the Company for the purpose of financing the
         purchase, processing, manufacture, shipment, storage or sale of goods,
         wares or merchandise and which is secured by documents evidencing title
         to, possession of, or a lien upon the goods, wares or merchandise or
         the receivables or proceeds arising from the sale of goods, wares or
         merchandise previously constituting the security, provided that the
         security is received by the Trustee simultaneously with the creation of
         the creditor relationship with the Company arising from the making,
         drawing, negotiating or incurring of the draft, bill of exchange,
         acceptance or obligation; and

                  (v) the term "Company" shall mean any obligor upon the
         Securities.

         Section 7.14      Authenticating Agent.
                           ---------------------

         So long as any Securities remain Outstanding, if the Corporate Trust
Office of the Trustee is not located in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of
New York, or otherwise upon a Company Request, there shall be an authenticating
agent (the "Authenticating Agent")


                                      -58-




appointed, for such period as the Company shall elect, by the Trustee to act as
its agent on its behalf and subject to its direction in connection with the
authentication and delivery of Securities. Securities authenticated by such
Authenticating Agent shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and
shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by such
Trustee. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and
delivery of Securities by the Trustee or to the Trustee's Certificate of
Authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and
delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a Certificate
of Authentication executed on behalf of such Trustee by such Authenticating
Agent. Such Authenticating Agent shall at all times be a corporation organized
and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or of any
State or of the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to exercise
corporate trust powers, having a combined capital and surplus of at least
$50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by Federal, State or
District of Columbia authority. If the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee is
not located in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, the
Authenticating Agent shall have its principal office and place of business in
the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York.

                  Any corporation into which any Authenticating Agent may be
merged or converted, or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation
resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which any
Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the
corporate agency business of any Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be the
Authenticating Agent without the execution or filing of any paper or any further
act on the part of the Trustee or such Authenticating Agent.

                  Any Authenticating Agent may at any time, and if it shall
cease to be eligible shall, resign by giving written notice of resignation to
the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate the agency
of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such
Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of
resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time any
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section 7.14, the Trustee shall upon Company Request appoint
a successor Authenticating Agent, and the Company shall provide notice of such
appointment to all Holders of Securities in the manner and to the extent
provided in Section 13.4. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of
its appointment hereunder shall become vested with all rights, powers, duties
and responsibilities of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if
originally named as Authenticating Agent herein. The Company agrees to pay or to
cause to be paid to the Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable
compensation for its services. The Authenticating Agent shall have no
responsibility or liability for any action taken by it as such in good faith at
the direction of the Trustee.

                                   ARTICLE 8
                      CONCERNING THE HOLDERS OF SECURITIES


                                      -59-




         Section 8.1       Action by Holders.
                           ------------------

         Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that the Holders of a
specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any
series may take any action (including the making of any demand or request, the
giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any other action) the
fact that at the time of taking any such action the Holders of such specified
percentage have joined therein may be evidenced (a) by any instrument or any
number of instruments of similar tenor executed by Holders in Person or by agent
or proxy appointed in writing, or (b) by the record of Holders voting in favor
thereof at any meeting of such Holders duly called and held in accordance with
the provisions of ARTICLE 9, or (c) by a combination of such instrument or
instruments and any such record of such a meeting of Holders. The Company may
(but shall not be required to) set a record date for purposes of determining the
identity of Securityholders entitled to vote or consent to any action by vote or
consent authorized or permitted under this Indenture, which record date shall be
the later of 10 days prior to the first solicitation of such consent or the date
of the most recent list of Holders furnished to the Trustee pursuant to Section
5.1 of this Indenture prior to such solicitation. If a record date is fixed,
those Persons who were Securityholders at such record date (or their duly
designated proxies), and only those Persons, shall be entitled to take such
action by vote or consent or to revoke any vote or consent previously given,
whether or not such Persons continue to be Holders after such record date.

         Section 8.2       Proof of Execution of Instruments by Holders of
                           -----------------------------------------------
Securities.
-----------

         Subject to Section 7.1, Section 7.2 and Section 9.5, the execution of
any instrument by a Holder of a Security or his agent or proxy may be proved in
any reasonable manner that the Trustee deems sufficient, including, without
limitation, in the following manner:

                  The fact and date of the execution by any such Person of any
instrument may be proved by the certificate of any notary public or other
officer authorized to take acknowledgments of deeds, that the Person executing
such instrument acknowledged to him the execution thereof, or by an affidavit or
written statement of a witness to such execution. Where such execution is by an
officer of a corporation or association or a member of a partnership on behalf
of such corporation, association or partnership, as the case may be, or by any
other Person acting in a representative capacity, such certificate, affidavit or
written statement shall also constitute sufficient proof of his authority.

                  The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Securities
Register or by a certificate of the Securities Registrar.

                  The record of any Holders' meeting shall be proved in the
manner provided in Section 9.6.




                                      -60-




         Section 8.3       Holders to be Treated as Owners.
                           --------------------------------

         The Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee
may deem and treat the Person in whose name any Security shall be registered
upon the Security Register as the absolute owner of such Security
(notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing thereon) for the
purpose of receiving payment of principal of, and premium, if any, and (subject
to Section 3.6 and Section 3.9) interest, if any, on, such Security, and for all
other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and neither
the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be
affected by notice to the contrary. All such payments so made to any Holder for
the time being, shall be valid, and, to the extent of the sum or sums so paid,
effectual to satisfy and discharge the liability for moneys payable upon such
Security.

         None of the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the
Trustee shall have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records
relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interest of a
Global Security, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records
relating to such beneficial ownership interest. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
with respect to any Global Security, nothing herein shall prevent the Company or
the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee from giving effect to any
written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by any Depository
(or its nominee), as a Holder, with respect to such Global Security or impair,
as between such Depository and owners of beneficial interests in such Global
Security, the operation of customary practices governing the exercise of the
right of such Depository (or its nominee) as holder of such Global Security.

         Section 8.4       Securities Owned by Company Deemed Not Outstanding.
                           ---------------------------------------------------

         In determining whether the Holders of the requisite aggregate principal
amount of Securities of any or all series have concurred in any direction,
consent or waiver under this Indenture, Securities which are owned by the
Company or any other obligor on the Securities with respect to which such
determination is being made or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling
or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company or
any other obligor on the Securities with respect to which such determination is
being made shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose
of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining whether
the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or
waiver only Securities which the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so
disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be
regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the
Trustee the pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Securities and that
the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any
Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or
indirect common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities.
In case of a dispute as to such right, the advice of counsel shall be full
protection in respect of any decision made by the Trustee in accordance with
such advice. Upon request of the Trustee, the Company shall furnish to the
Trustee promptly an Officer's Certificate listing and identifying all
Securities, if any, known by the Company to be owned or held by or for the


                                      -61-




account of any of the above-described Persons; and, subject to Section 7.1 and
Section 7.2, the Trustee shall be entitled to accept such Officer's Certificate
as conclusive evidence of the facts therein set forth and of the fact that all
Securities not listed therein are Outstanding for the purpose of any such
determination.

         Section 8.5       Right of Revocation of Action Taken.
                           ------------------------------------

         At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as
provided in Section 8.1, of the taking of any action by the Holders of the
percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any or all series,
as the case may be, specified in this Indenture in connection with such action,
any Holder of a Security, the number, letter or other distinguishing symbol of
which is shown by the evidence to be included in the Securities the Holders of
which have consented to such action, may, by filing written notice at the
Corporate Trust Office and upon proof of holding as provided in this Article,
revoke such action so far as concerns such Security. Except as aforesaid, any
such action taken by the Holder of any Security shall be conclusive and binding
upon such Holder and upon all future Holders and owners of such Security and of
any Securities issued in exchange or substitution therefor, irrespective of
whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon any such Security or
such other Security. Any action taken by the Holders of the percentage in
aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any or all series, as the case
may be, specified in this Indenture in connection with such action shall be
conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of all the
Securities affected by such action.

                                   ARTICLE 9
                                HOLDERS' MEETINGS

         Section 9.1       Purposes of Meetings.
                           ---------------------

         A meeting of Holders of Securities of any or all series may be called
at any time and from time to time pursuant to the provisions of this Article for
any of the following purposes:

         (a) to give any notice to the Company or to the Trustee for the
Securities of such series, or to give any directions to the Trustee, or to
consent to the waiving of any default hereunder and its consequences, or to take
any other action authorized to be taken by Holders pursuant to any of the
provisions of ARTICLE 6;

         (b) to remove the Trustee and nominate a successor Trustee pursuant to
the provisions of ARTICLE 7;

         (c) to consent to the execution of an indenture or indentures
supplemental hereto pursuant to the provisions of Section 10.2; or

         (d) to take any other action authorized to be taken by or on behalf of
the Holders of any specified aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any
one or more or all series, as the case may be, under any other provision of this
Indenture or under applicable law.


                                      -62-




         Section 9.2       Call of Meetings by Trustee.
                           ----------------------------

         The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders of Securities to
take any action specified in Section 9.1, to be held at such time and at such
place in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, or such other Place of
Payment, as the Trustee shall determine. Notice of every meeting of the Holders
of Securities, setting forth the time and the place of such meeting, and in
general terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be given to
Holders of Securities of the particular series in the manner and to the extent
provided in Section 13.4. Such notice shall be given not less than 20 nor more
than 90 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting.

         Section 9.3       Call of Meetings by Company or Holders.
                           ---------------------------------------

         In case at any time the Company, pursuant to a resolution of its Board
of Directors, or the Holders of at least 10% in aggregate principal amount of
the Outstanding Securities of any or all series, as the case may be, shall have
requested the Trustee to call a meeting of Holders of Securities of any or all
series, as the case may be, by written request setting forth in reasonable
detail the action proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustee for such
series shall not have given the notice of such meeting within 20 days after
receipt of such request, then the Company or such Holders may determine the time
and the place in the Borough of Manhattan or other Place of Payment for such
meeting and may call such meeting to take any action authorized in Section 9.1,
by giving notice thereof as provided in Section 9.2.

         Section 9.4       Qualifications for Voting.
                           --------------------------

         To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders a Person shall be (a)
a Holder of one or more outstanding Securities with respect to which such
meeting is being held or (b) a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as
proxy by such Holder. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to
speak at any meeting of Holders shall be the Persons entitled to vote at such
meeting and their counsel and any representatives of the Trustee and its counsel
and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.

         Section 9.5       Regulations.
                           ------------

         Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee may
make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for any meeting of
Holders of the Securities in regard to proof of the holding of Securities and of
the appointment of proxies, and in regard to the appointment and duties of
inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of proxies, certificates and
other evidence of the right to vote, and such other matters concerning the
conduct of the meeting as it shall think fit.

         The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing, appoint a temporary
chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by the
Company or by Holders of Securities as provided in Section 9.3, in which case
the Company or the Holders calling the meeting, as the case may be, shall in
like manner appoint a temporary chairman. A permanent


                                      -63-




chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by majority
vote of the meeting.

         Subject to Section 8.4, at any meeting each Holder of Securities with
respect to which such meeting is being held or proxy therefor shall be entitled
to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount (in the case of Original Issue
Discount Securities, such principal amount to be determined as provided in the
definition of "Outstanding") of Securities held or represented by him; provided,
however, that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any
such Security challenged as not Outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the
meeting to be not Outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right
to vote other than by virtue of Securities held by him or instruments in writing
aforesaid duly designating him as the Person to vote on behalf of other Holders.
At any meeting of Holders, the presence of Persons holding or representing
Securities with respect to which such meeting is being held in an aggregate
principal amount sufficient to take action on the business for the transaction
of which such meeting was called shall constitute a quorum, but, if less than a
quorum is present, the Persons holding or representing a majority in aggregate
principal amount of such Securities represented at the meeting may adjourn such
meeting with the same effect, for all intents and purposes, as though a quorum
had been present. Any meeting of Holders of Securities with respect to which a
meeting was duly called pursuant to the provisions of Section 9.2 or Section 9.3
may be adjourned from time to time by Persons holding or representing a majority
in aggregate principal amount of such Securities represented at the meeting,
present, whether or not constituting a quorum, and the meeting may be held as so
adjourned without further notice.

         Section 9.6       Voting.
                           -------

         The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of
Securities with respect to which such meeting is being held shall be by written
ballots on which shall be subscribed the signatures of such Holders or of their
representatives by proxy and the serial number or numbers of the Securities held
or represented by them. The permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two
inspectors of votes who shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against
any resolution and who shall make and file with the secretary of the meeting
their verified written reports in duplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A
record in duplicate of the proceedings of each meeting of holders shall be
prepared by the secretary of the meeting and there shall be attached to said
record the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot
taken thereat and affidavits by one or more Persons having knowledge of the
facts setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and showing that said
notice was mailed as provided in Section 9.2. The record shall show the serial
numbers of the Securities voting in favor of or against any resolution. The
record shall be signed and verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairman
and secretary of the meeting and one of the duplicates shall be delivered to the
Company and the other to the Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee.

         Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence of the
matters therein stated.


                                      -64-




         Section 9.7       No Delay of Rights by Reason of Meeting.
                           ----------------------------------------

         Nothing in this Article contained shall be deemed or construed to
authorize or permit, by reason of any call of a meeting of Holders or any rights
expressly or impliedly conferred hereunder to make such call, any hindrance or
delay in the exercise of any right or rights conferred upon or reserved to the
Trustee or to the Holders under any of the provisions of this Indenture or of
the Securities of any series.

                                   ARTICLE 10
                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

         Section 10.1      Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of
                           ------------------------------------------
Securityholders.
----------------

         Without the consent of any Holders of Securities, the Company, when
authorized by a resolution of its Board of Directors, and the Trustee may from
time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental
hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as in
force at the date of the execution thereof) for one or more of the following
purposes:

         (a) to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge to the Trustee as
security for the Securities any property or assets;

         (b) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, or
successive successions, and the assumption by the successor Person of the
covenants, agreements and obligations of the Company under this Indenture and
the Securities, in each case in compliance with the Indenture;

         (c) to add to the covenants of the Company such further covenants,
restrictions, conditions or provisions as its Board of Directors shall consider
to be for the protection of the Holders of any series of Securities or Tranche
thereof, or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company
and to make the occurrence and continuance of a default in any such additional
covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an Event of Default permitting
the enforcement of all or any of the several remedies provided in this Indenture
as herein set forth; provided that in respect of any such additional covenant,
restriction, condition or provision such supplemental indenture may provide for
a particular period of grace after default (which period may be shorter or
longer than that allowed in the case of other defaults) or may provide for an
immediate enforcement upon such an Event of Default or may limit the remedies
available to the Trustee upon such an Event of Default or may limit the right of
the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of
such series to waive such an Event of Default;

         (d) to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision
contained herein or in any supplemental indenture which may be defective or
inconsistent with any other provision contained herein or in any supplemental
indenture; or to make such other provisions in regard to matters or questions
arising under this Indenture or under any supplemental


                                      -65-




indenture as the Board of Directors may deem necessary or desirable and which
shall not materially adversely affect the interests of the Holders of any
Securities;

         (e) to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as
permitted by Section 3.1;

         (f) to provide for the issuance under this Indenture of Securities in
coupon form (including Securities registrable as to principal only), to provide
for interchangeability thereof with Securities in registered form of the same
series and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose, or to permit or
facilitate the issuance of Securities of any series in uncertificated form
provided any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders
of Outstanding Securities of any series in any material respect;

         (g) to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations and
restrictions on the authorized amount, terms or purposes of issue,
authentication and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth;

         (h) to add any additional Events of Default with respect to all or any
series of Securities (as shall be specified in such supplemental indenture);

         (i) to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such
extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and
discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to ARTICLE 12, provided that any
such action shall not adversely affect the interests of any Holder of an
Outstanding Security of such series or any other Outstanding Security in any
material respect;

         (j) to make provisions with respect to conversion or exchange rights of
Holders of Securities of any series;

         (k) to provide for the issuance under this Indenture of Securities
denominated or payable in currency other than Dollars and to make all
appropriate changes for such purpose;

         (l) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder
by a successor trustee with respect to the Securities, pursuant to Section 7.11,
or to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be
necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee;

         (m) to modify any restrictions on and procedures for resales of
Securities of any series that is not registered pursuant to the Securities Act
to reflect any change in applicable law or regulation (or the interpretation
thereof) or in practices relating to the resale or transfer of restricted
securities generally and to modify any legends placed on such Securities to
reflect such restrictions and procedures;

         (n) to add to or change or eliminate any provision of this Indenture as
shall be necessary or desirable to conform to provisions of the Trust Indenture
Act as at the time in


                                      -66-




effect, provided that such action shall not materially adversely affect the
interests of the Holders of the Securities of any series; and

         (o) otherwise to amend or supplement any of the provisions of this
Indenture or in any supplemental indenture; provided, however, that no such
amendment or supplement shall materially adversely affect the interests of the
Holders of any Securities then Outstanding.

         The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in the
execution of any such supplemental indenture, to make any further appropriate
agreements and stipulations, which may be therein contained and to accept the
conveyance, transfer, assignment, mortgage or pledge of any property thereunder,
but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental
indenture which affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under
this Indenture or otherwise.

         Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section
may be executed without the consent of the Holders of any of the Securities at
the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 10.2.

         Section 10.2      Supplemental Indentures With Consent of
                           ---------------------------------------
Securityholders.
----------------

         With the consent (evidenced as provided in Article VIII) of the Holders
of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities at
the time Outstanding of all series affected by such supplemental indenture
(voting as one class), the Company, when authorized by a resolution of its Board
of Directors, and the Trustee may, from time to time and at any time, enter into
an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the
provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as in force at the date of execution
thereof) for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner
or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental
indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of the
Securities of each such series; provided that no such supplemental indenture
shall (a) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any premium or
installment of interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any
Security of such series, or reduce the principal amount thereof (or modify the
calculation of such principal amount) or rate of interest thereon or any
Additional Amounts with respect thereto (or modify the calculation of such
rate), or any premium payable on redemption thereof or otherwise, or reduce the
amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security that would be due
and payable upon an acceleration with respect thereto pursuant to Section 6.1 or
the amount thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section 6.2, or change the
obligation of the Company to pay Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 4.4
(except as contemplated by Section 11.1 and permitted by Section 10.1), or
change the redemption provisions, or change the Place of Payment, currency in
which the principal of, any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts
with respect to any security is payable, or impair or adversely affect the right
of any Securityholder to institute suit for the payment thereof or, if the
Securities provide therefor, any right of repayment at the option of the
Securityholder, without the consent of the Holder of each Security of such
series so affected; or (b) reduce the aforesaid percentage of the principal
amount of Securities Outstanding of such series, the consent of the Holders of
which is required


                                      -67-




for any such supplemental indenture or any waiver of any obligations of the
Company under this Indenture, without the consent of the Holders of each
Security of such series so affected, or reduce the requirements for quorum on
voting; or (c) modify any provisions of this Indenture relating to the
subordination of the Securities in a manner adverse to Holders of Securities; or
(d) modify any of the provisions of the provisions this Section, Section 6.10 or
Section 4.7, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain
other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified without the consent of the
Holder of each Outstanding Security thereby.

         Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by a Board Resolution
authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the
filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Securityholders as
aforesaid and other documents, if any, required by Section 8.1, the Trustee
shall join with the Company in the execution of such supplemental indenture
unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in
its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such supplemental
indenture.

         It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders under
this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental
indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the
substance thereof.

         A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or
other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for
the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies
the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such
covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

         Section 10.3      Notice of Supplemental Indenture.
                           ---------------------------------

         Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any
supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of Section 10.2, the Company
shall mail a notice thereof by first-class mail to the Holders of Securities of
each series affected thereby at their addresses as they shall appear on the
Security Register, setting forth in general terms the substance of such
supplemental indenture. Any failure of the Company to mail such notice, or any
defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of
any such supplemental indenture.

         Section 10.4      Effect of Supplemental Indenture.
                           ---------------------------------

         Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the
provisions of this Article, this Indenture shall be and be deemed to be modified
and amended in accordance therewith, but only with regard to the Securities of
each series affected by such supplemental indenture, and the respective rights,
limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities under this Indenture
of the Trustee, the Company and the Holders of any Securities of such series
affected thereby shall thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced
hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all
the terms and conditions of any


                                      -68-




such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and
conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes with regard to the
Securities of such series.

         Section 10.5      Documents To Be Given to Trustee.
                           ---------------------------------

         The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.1 and Section 7.2,
shall be provided with an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel as
conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this
Article complies with the applicable provisions of this Indenture and is
authorized or permitted by this Indenture.

         Section 10.6      Notation on Securities in Respect of Supplemental
                           -------------------------------------------------
Indentures.
-----------

         Securities of any series affected by any supplemental indenture which
are authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental
indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article may bear a notation in form
approved by the Company and the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such
supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any
series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Company, to any
modification of this Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may
be prepared by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in
exchange for the Securities of such series then Outstanding.

         Section 10.7      Effect on Senior Indebtedness
                           -----------------------------
         No supplemental indenture shall directly or indirectly modify or
eliminate the provisions of ARTICLE 13 in any manner which might terminate or
impair the subordination of the Securities of any series to Senior Indebtedness
with respect to such series without the prior written consent of the holders of
such Senior Indebtedness.

                                   ARTICLE 11
                   CONSOLIDATION, AMALGAMATION, MERGER OR SALE

         Section 11.1      Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms.
                           -----------------------------------------------------

         The Company shall not consolidate or amalgamate with or merge into any
other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company), or convey, transfer,
sell or lease its properties and assets as an entirety or substantially as an
entirety to any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company), and
the Company shall not permit any other Person (whether or not affiliated with
the Company) to consolidate or amalgamate with or merge into the Company or
convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets as an entirety or
substantially as an entirety to the Company, unless:

         (a) in case the Company shall consolidate or amalgamate with or merge
into another Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets as an
entirety or substantially as an entirety to any Person, the Person formed by
such consolidation or amalgamation or into which the Company is merged or the
Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which


                                      -69-




leases, the properties and assets of the Company as an entirety or substantially
as an entirety shall be a Corporation or limited liability company organized and
existing under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof or
the District of Columbia, Bermuda, or any other country (including under the
laws of any state, province or other political subdivision thereof) which is on
the date of this Indenture a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development, and shall expressly assume, by an indenture (or indentures, if
at such time there is more than one Trustee) supplemental hereto, executed by
the successor Person and delivered to the Trustee the due and punctual payment
of the principal of, any premium and interest on and any Additional Amounts with
respect to all the Securities and the performance of every obligation in this
Indenture and the Outstanding Securities on the part of the Company to be
performed or observed and shall provide for conversion or exchange rights in
accordance with the provisions of the Securities of any series that are
convertible or exchangeable into Common Shares or other securities; and

         (b) immediately after giving effect to such transaction and treating
any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Company or a Designated
Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having been incurred by the
Company or a Designated Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event of
Default or event which, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an
Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.

         Section 11.2      Opinion of Counsel.
                           -------------------

         Either the Company or the successor Person shall deliver to the Trustee
prior to the proposed transaction(s) covered by Section 11.1 an Officer's
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the transaction(s) and such
supplemental indenture are authorized and permitted by this Indenture and that
all conditions precedent to the consummation of the transaction(s) under this
Indenture have been met.

         Section 11.3      Successor Person Substituted.
                           -----------------------------

         Upon any consolidation or amalgamation by the Company with or merger of
the Company into any other Person or any lease, sale, assignment, or transfer of
all or substantially all of the property and assets of the Company in accordance
with Section 11.1, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or
amalgamation or into which the Company is merged or the successor Person or
affiliated group of Persons to which such lease, sale, assignment, or transfer
is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right
and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such
successor Person or Persons had been named as the Company herein, and
thereafter, except in the case of a lease, the predecessor Person or Persons
shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the
Securities and in the event of such conveyance or transfer, except in the case
of a lease, any such predecessor Person may be dissolved and liquidated.

                                   ARTICLE 12
                    SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE,
                                UNCLAIMED MONEYS


                                      -70-




         Section 12.1      Satisfaction and Discharge of Securities of Any
                           -----------------------------------------------
Series.
-------

         The Company shall be deemed to have satisfied and discharged this
Indenture with respect to the entire indebtedness on all the Outstanding
Securities of any particular series, and the Trustee, at the expense of the
Company and upon Company Request, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging
such satisfaction and discharge, when

(a)      either:

                  (i) all Outstanding Securities of such series theretofore
         authenticated and delivered (other than (i) any Securities of such
         series which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been
         replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.8 and (ii) Outstanding
         Securities of such series for whose payment money has theretofore been
         deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and
         thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as
         provided in Section 12.3) have been delivered to the Trustee for
         cancellation; or

                  (ii) all Outstanding Securities of such series described in
         sub-clause (i) above (other than the Securities referred to in the
         parenthetical phrase thereof) not theretofore delivered to the Trustee
         for cancellation:

                           (x) have become due and payable;

                           (y) will become due and payable at their Stated
                               Maturity within one year; or

                           (z) if redeemable at the option of the Company or
                               pursuant to the operation of a sinking fund, are
                               to be called for redemption within one year under
                               arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the
                               giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in
                               the name, and at the expense, of the Company; and

                  (A) the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be
                  irrevocably deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust
                  an amount (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section
                  3.1 for the Securities of such series) sufficient to pay and
                  discharge the entire indebtedness on all such Outstanding
                  Securities of such series, not therefore delivered to the
                  Trustee for cancellation, including the principal of, any
                  premium and interest on, and any Additional Amounts with
                  respect to such Securities (based upon applicable law as in
                  effect on the date of such deposit), to the date of such
                  deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and
                  payable) or to the Maturity thereof, as the case may be;

                  (B) the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be
                  irrevocably deposited with the Trustee as obligations in trust
                  such amount of Government Obligations as will, in a written
                  opinion of independent public accountants


                                      -71-




                  delivered to the Trustee, together with the predetermined and
                  certain income to accrue thereon (without consideration of any
                  reinvestment thereof), be sufficient to pay and discharge when
                  due the entire indebtedness on all such Outstanding Securities
                  of such series for unpaid principal (and premium, if any),
                  interest on, and any Additional Amounts to the date of such
                  deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and
                  payable) or Maturity thereof, as the case may be;

         (b) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable
with respect to the Outstanding Securities of such series including all fees due
to the Trustee under Section 7.6;

         (c) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate
and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein
provided for relating to the due satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture
with respect to the entire indebtedness on all Outstanding Securities of any
such series have been complied with; and

         (d) if the Securities of such series are not to become due and payable
at their Stated Maturity within one year of the date of such deposit or are not
to be called for redemption within one year of the date of such deposit under
arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee as of the date of such deposit, then
the Company shall have given, not later than the date of such deposit, notice of
such deposit to the Holders of the Securities of such series.

         Upon the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in this Section 12.1
with respect to all the Outstanding Securities of any series, the terms and
conditions with respect thereto set forth in this Indenture shall no longer be
binding upon, or applicable to, the Company; provided, however, that the Company
shall not be discharged from (a) any obligations under Section 7.6 and Section
7.10 and (b) any obligations under Section 3.6, Section 3.9, Section 5.1 and
Section 12.3 and (c) any obligations under Section 4.4, with respect to the
payment of any Additional Amounts, if any, (but only to the extent that the
Additional Amounts payable with respect to any Outstanding Securities of such
series exceed the amount deposited in respect of such Additional Amounts
pursuant to Section 12.1(a)(ii)); and provided, further, that in the event a
petition for relief under the Federal Bankruptcy Code or a successor statute is
filed with respect to the Company within 91 days after the deposit, this
Indenture with respect to the entire indebtedness on all Securities of such
series shall not be discharged, and in such event the Trustee shall return such
deposited funds or obligations as it is then holding to the Company upon Company
Request.

         Section 12.2      Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance.
                           -----------------------------------

         (a) Unless pursuant to Section 3.1, either or both of (i) defeasance of
the Securities of or within a series under clause (b) of this Section 12.2 shall
not be applicable with respect to the Securities of such series or (ii) covenant
defeasance of the Securities of or within a series under clause (c) of this
Section 12.2 shall not be applicable with respect to the Securities of such
series, then such provisions, together with the other provisions of this Section
12.2 (with such modifications thereto as may be specified pursuant to Section
3.1 with respect to any


                                      -72-




Securities), shall be applicable to such Securities and the Company may at its
option by Board Resolution, at any time, with respect to such Securities, elect
to have Section 12.2(b) or Section 12.2(c) be applied to such Outstanding
Securities upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Section
12.2.

         (b) Upon the Company's exercise of the above option applicable to this
Section 12.2(b) with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the
Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with
respect to such Outstanding Securities on the date the conditions set forth in
clause (d) of this Section 12.2 are satisfied (hereinafter, "defeasance"). For
this purpose, such defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have
paid and discharged the entire Indebtedness represented by such Outstanding
Securities which shall thereafter be deemed to be "Outstanding" only for the
purposes of clause (c) of this Section 12.2 and the other Sections of this
Indenture referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) below, and to have satisfied all
of its other obligations under such Securities and this Indenture insofar as
such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company,
shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the
following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged
hereunder: (i) the rights of Holders of such Outstanding Securities, solely from
the trust fund described in clause (d) of this Section 12.2 and as more fully
set forth in such clause, payments in respect of the principal of (and premium,
if any) and interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if any, with respect
to, such Securities when such payments are due, and any rights of such Holder to
convert such Securities into Common Shares of the Company or exchange such
Securities for other securities; (ii) the obligations of the Company and the
Trustee with respect to such Securities under Sections 3.6, 3.9, 4.2, 4.3 and
12.3 and with respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any, on such
Securities as contemplated by Section 4.4 (but only to the extent that the
Additional Amounts payable with respect to such Securities exceed the amount
deposited in respect of such Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 12.2(d)(i)
below), and with respect to any rights to convert such Securities into Common
Shares of the Company or exchange such Securities for other securities; (iii)
the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder
including, without limitation, the compensation, reimbursement and indemnities
provided in Section 7.6 herein; and (iv) this Section 12.2. The Company may
exercise its option under this Section 12.2(b) notwithstanding the prior
exercise of its option under clause (c) of this Section 12.2 with respect to
such Securities.

         (c) Upon the Company's exercise of the option to have this Section
12.2(c) apply with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the Company
shall be released from its obligations in respect of any other covenant
applicable to such Securities, with respect to such Outstanding Securities on
and after the date the conditions set forth in clause (d) of this Section 12.2
are satisfied (hereinafter, "covenant defeasance"), and such Securities shall
thereafter be deemed to be not "Outstanding" for the purposes of any direction,
waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and the consequences of any
thereof) in connection with any such covenant or obligation, but shall continue
to be deemed "Outstanding" for all other purposes hereunder. For this purpose,
such covenant defeasance means that, with respect to such Outstanding
Securities, the Company may omit to comply with, and shall have no liability


                                      -73-




in respect of, any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such Section
or such other covenant or obligation, whether directly or indirectly, by reason
of any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or such other covenant or
obligation or by reason of reference in any such Section or such other covenant
to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to
comply shall not constitute a default or an Event of Default under Section 6.1
but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such
Securities shall be unaffected thereby.

         (d) The following shall be the conditions to application of clause (b)
or (c) of this Section 12.2 to any Outstanding Securities of or within a series:

                  (i) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to
         be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the
         requirements of Section 7.8 who shall agree to comply with the
         provisions of this Section 12.2 applicable to it) as trust funds in
         trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically
         pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the
         Holders of such Securities, (1) an amount in Dollars or in such Foreign
         Currency in which such Securities are then specified as payable at
         Stated Maturity, or (2) Government Obligations applicable to such
         Securities (determined on the basis of the Currency in which such
         Securities are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity) which
         through the scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect
         thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not later than one
         day before the due date of any payment with respect to such Securities,
         money in an amount, or (3) a combination thereof, in any case, in an
         amount, sufficient, without consideration of any reinvestment of such
         principal and interest, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm
         of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification
         thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall
         be applied by the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to pay and
         discharge, (y) the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if
         any, on, and any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities
         (based upon applicable law as in effect on the date of such deposit),
         such Outstanding Securities at the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date
         of such principal or installment of principal or premium or interest
         and (z) any mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments
         applicable to such Outstanding Securities on the days on which such
         payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this
         Indenture and of such Securities and, if applicable, shall have made
         irrevocable arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the redemption
         of any Securities to be redeemed at the option of the Company in
         connection with such deposit.

                  (ii) No Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse
         of time or both would become an Event of Default with respect to such
         Securities shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such
         deposit (after giving effect thereto) and, with respect to defeasance
         only, no event described in Section 6.1(f) or (g) at any time during
         the period ending on the 91st day after the date of such deposit (it
         being understood that this condition shall not be deemed satisfied
         until the expiration of such period).


                                      -74-




                  (iii) Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not result
         in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any
         material agreement or instrument (other than this Indenture) to which
         the Company is a party or by which it is bound.

                  (iv) In the case of an election under clause (b) of this
         Section 12.2 for which the Place of Payment is within the United
         States, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of
         Counsel stating that (i) the Company has received from the Internal
         Revenue Service a letter ruling, or there has been published by the
         Internal Revenue Service a Revenue Ruling, or (ii) since the date of
         execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable
         Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based
         thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such
         Outstanding Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for
         Federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be
         subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner
         and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance
         had not occurred.

                  (v) In the case of an election under clause (c) of this
         Section 12.2 with respect to Requested Securities and for which the
         Place of Payment is within the United States, the Company shall have
         delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the
         Holders of such Outstanding Securities will not recognize income, gain
         or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant
         defeasance and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same
         amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been
         the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred.

                  (vi) With respect to defeasance only, the Company shall have
         delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that,
         after the 91st day after the date of deposit, all money and Government
         Obligations (or other property as may be provided pursuant to Section
         3.1) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited or caused to be
         deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) pursuant to
         this clause (d) to be held in trust will not be subject to recapture or
         avoidance as a preference in any case or proceeding (whether voluntary
         or involuntary) in respect of the Company under any Federal or State
         bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law, or any
         decree or order for relief in respect of the Company issued in
         connection therewith (for which purpose such Opinion of Counsel may
         assume that no Holder is an "insider").

                  (vii) With respect to defeasance only, the Company shall have
         delivered to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate as to solvency and
         the absence of any intent of preferring the Holders over any other
         creditors of the Company.

                  (viii) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
         Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
         conditions precedent to the defeasance or covenant defeasance under
         clause (b) or (c) of this Section 12.2 (as the case may be) have been
         complied with.


                                      -75-




                  (ix) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Section
         12.2(d), such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be effected in
         compliance with any additional or substitute terms, conditions or
         limitations which may be imposed on the Company in connection therewith
         pursuant to Section 3.1.

         (e) Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture, if,
after a deposit referred to in Section 12.2(d)(i) has been made, (i) the Holder
of a Security in respect of which such deposit was made is entitled to, and
does, elect pursuant to Section 3.1 or the terms of such Security to receive
payment in a Currency other than that in which the deposit pursuant to Section
12.2(d)(i) has been made in respect of such Security, or (ii) a Conversion Event
occurs in respect of the Foreign Currency in which the deposit pursuant to
Section 12.2(d)(i) has been made, the indebtedness represented by such Security
shall be deemed to have been, and will be, fully discharged and satisfied
through the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any), and interest, if
any, on, and Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to, such Security as the
same becomes due out of the proceeds yielded by converting (from time to time as
specified below in the case of any such election) the amount or other property
deposited in respect of such Security into the Currency in which such Security
becomes payable as a result of such election or Conversion Event based on (x) in
the case of payments made pursuant to clause (i) above, the applicable market
exchange rate for such Currency in effect on the second Business Day prior to
each payment date, or (y) with respect to a Conversion Event, the applicable
market exchange rate for such Foreign Currency in effect (as nearly as feasible)
at the time of the Conversion Event.

         The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee (or other qualifying
trustee, collectively for purposes of this Section 12.2(d) and Section 12.3, the
"Trustee") against any tax, fee or other charge, imposed on or assessed against
the Government Obligations deposited pursuant to this Section 12.2 or the
principal or interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee
or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of such
Outstanding Securities.

         Anything in this Section 12.2 to the contrary notwithstanding, the
Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company
Request any money or Government Obligations (or other property and any proceeds
therefrom) held by it as provided in clause (d) of this Section 12.2 which, in
the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in
excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to
effect a defeasance or covenant defeasance, as applicable, in accordance with
this Section 12.2.

         Section 12.3      Application of Trust Money.
                           ---------------------------

         All money and obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to
Section 12.1 or 12.2 shall be held irrevocably in trust and shall be made under
the terms of an escrow trust agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the
Company and the Trustee. Such money and obligations shall be applied by the
Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities, this Indenture and
such escrow trust agreement, to the payment, either directly or through any


                                      -76-




Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the
Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal of (and
premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the Securities for the payment of
which such money and obligations have been deposited with the Trustee. If
Securities of any series are to be redeemed prior to their Stated Maturity,
whether pursuant to any optional redemption provisions or in accordance with any
mandatory or optional sinking fund requirement, the Company shall give the
required notice of redemption or shall make such arrangements as are
satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the
Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company.

         Section 12.4      Repayment of Moneys Held by Paying Agent.
                           -----------------------------------------

         In connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture
with respect to Securities of any series, all moneys with respect to such series
then held by any Paying Agent (and not required for such satisfaction and
discharge) shall, upon demand of the Company, be repaid to it or paid to the
Trustee and thereupon such Paying Agent shall be released from all further
liability with respect to such moneys.

         Section 12.5      Return of Unclaimed Moneys Held by Trustee and Paying
                           -----------------------------------------------------
Agent.
-------

         Any moneys deposited with or paid to the Trustee or any Paying Agent
for the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest, if any,
on, Securities of any series and which shall not be applied but shall remain
unclaimed by the Holders of Securities of such series for two years after the
date upon which such payment shall have become due and payable, shall be repaid
to the Company by the Trustee on demand; and the Holder of any of such
Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter look only to the
Company for the payment thereof; provided, however, that the Company or the
Trustee, before making any such repayment, shall at the expense of the Company
cause to be published once a week for two successive weeks (in each case on any
day of the week) in an Authorized Newspaper, or mail to each Holder, or both, a
notice that said moneys have not been so applied and that after a date named
therein any unclaimed balance of said moneys then remaining will be returned to
the Company.

         If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply any money in
accordance with Section 12.3 by reason of any order or judgment of any court or
governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such
application, then the Company's obligations under this Indenture and the
Securities shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred
pursuant to Section 12.1 or Section 12.2 until such time as the Trustee or
Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section
12.3; provided, however, that if the Company makes any payment of interest on or
principal of, or any Additional Amounts, with respect to any Security following
the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the
rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money
held by the Trustee or Paying Agent.

                                   ARTICLE 13
                           SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES


                                      -77-




         Section 13.1      Agreement to Subordinate.
                           -------------------------

         The Company covenants and agrees, and each Holder of Securities issued
hereunder and under any indenture supplemental hereto or pursuant to a Board
Resolution and Officers' Certificate ("Additional Provisions") by such Holder's
acceptance thereof likewise covenants and agrees, that all Securities shall be
issued subject to the provisions of this ARTICLE 13; and each Holder of a
Security, whether upon original issue or upon transfer or assignment thereof,
accepts and agrees to be bound by such provisions.

         The payment by the Company of the principal of, any premium and
interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to all Securities of each
series issued hereunder and under any Additional Provisions shall, to the extent
and in the manner hereinafter set forth and subject to the provisions of the
related supplemental indenture, be subordinate in right of payment to the prior
payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness with respect to such series, whether
outstanding at the date of this Indenture or thereafter incurred.

         No provision of this ARTICLE 13 shall prevent the occurrence of any
default or Event of Default hereunder.

         Section 13.2      Default on Senior Indebtedness.
                           -------------------------------

         In the event and during the continuation of any default by the Company
in the payment of principal, premium, interest or any other amount due on any
Senior Indebtedness with respect to the Securities of any series, or in the
event that the maturity of any Senior Indebtedness with respect to the
Securities of any series has been accelerated because of a default, then, in
either case, no payment shall be made by the Company with respect to the
principal (including redemption and sinking fund payments) of, any premium or
interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, the Securities of such
series or to acquire such Securities (other than pursuant to the conversion of
such Securities).

         In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment shall be
received by the Trustee when such payment is prohibited by the preceding
paragraph of this Section 13.2, such payment shall be held in trust for the
benefit of, and shall be paid over or delivered to, the holders of such Senior
Indebtedness or their respective representatives, or to the trustee or trustees
under any indenture pursuant to which any of such Senior Indebtedness may have
been issued, as their respective interests may appear, but only to the extent
that the holders of such Senior Indebtedness (or their representative or
representatives or a trustee) notify the Trustee in writing within 90 days of
such payment of the amounts then due and owing on such Senior Indebtedness and
only the amounts specified in such notice to the Trustee shall be paid to the
holders of such Senior Indebtedness.

         Section 13.3      Liquidation; Dissolution; Bankruptcy.
                           -------------------------------------

         Upon any payment by the Company or distribution of assets of the
Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to
creditors upon any total or partial


                                      -78-




dissolution, winding-up, reorganization, assignment for the benefit of creditors
or marshaling of assets of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or in
bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other similar proceedings relating to
the Company or its assets, all amounts due upon all Senior Indebtedness with
respect to the Securities of any series shall first be paid in full, or payment
thereof provided for in money in accordance with its terms, before any payment
is made by the Company on account of the principal of, premium or interest on,
or Additional Amounts with respect to, the Securities of such series; and in any
such case, any payment by the Company, or distribution of assets of the Company
of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to which the
Holders or the Trustee (on behalf of Holders with respect to the principal of,
premium or interest on or Additional Amounts with respect to, the Securities of
such Series) would be entitled to receive from the Company, except for the
provisions of this ARTICLE 13, shall be paid by the Company or by any receiver,
trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent or other Person making such
payment or distribution, or by the Holders or by the Trustee under this
Indenture if received by them or it, directly to the holders of such Senior
Indebtedness (pro rata to such holders having equal seniority on the basis of
the respective amounts of such Senior Indebtedness held by such holders, as
calculated by the Company) or their representative or representatives, or to the
trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant to which any instruments
evidencing such Senior Indebtedness may have been issued, as their respective
interests may appear, to the extent necessary to pay such Senior Indebtedness in
full, in money or money's worth, after giving effect to any concurrent payment
or distribution to or for the holders of such Senior Indebtedness, before any
payment or distribution is made to the Holders of the Securities of such series
or to the Trustee.

         In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment or
distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash,
property or securities, prohibited by the foregoing shall be received by the
Trustee before all such Senior Indebtedness is paid in full, or provision is
made for such payment in money in accordance with its terms, such payment or
distribution shall be held in trust for the benefit of and shall be paid over or
delivered to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness or their representative or
representatives, or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant to
which any instruments evidencing such Senior Indebtedness may have been issued,
as their respective interests may appear, as calculated by the Company, for
application to the payment of all such Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid to
the extent necessary to pay such Senior Indebtedness in full in money in
accordance with its terms, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or
distribution to or for the benefit of the holders of such Senior Indebtedness.

         For purposes of this ARTICLE 13, the words "cash, property or
securities" shall not be deemed to include ordinary shares of the Company as
reorganized or readjusted, or securities of the Company or any other corporation
provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment, the payment of which
is subordinated at least to the extent provided in this ARTICLE 13 with respect
to the Securities of the relevant series to the payment of all Senior
Indebtedness with respect to the Securities of such series that may at the time
be outstanding, provided that (i) such Senior Indebtedness is assumed by the new
corporation, if any, resulting from any such


-79-




reorganization or readjustment, and (ii) the rights of the holders of such
Senior Indebtedness are not, without the consent of such holders, altered by
such reorganization or readjustment. The consolidation or amalgamation of the
Company with, or the merger of the Company into, another Person or the
liquidation or dissolution of the Company following the conveyance, transfer or
lease of its property as an entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to
another Person upon the terms and conditions provided for in ARTICLE 11 of this
Indenture shall not be deemed a dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or
reorganization for the purposes of this Section 13.3 if such other Person shall,
as a part of such consolidation, amalgamation, merger, conveyance or transfer,
comply with the conditions stated in ARTICLE 11 of this Indenture.

         Section 13.4      Subrogation.
                           ------------

         Subject to the payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness with respect
to the Securities of any series, the rights of the Holders of the Securities of
such series shall be subrogated to the rights of the holders of such Senior
Indebtedness to receive payments or distributions of cash, property or
securities of the Company applicable to such Senior Indebtedness until the
principal of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional Amounts with
respect to, the Securities of such series shall be paid in full; and, for the
purposes of such subrogation, no payments or distributions to the holders of
such Senior Indebtedness of any cash, property or securities to which the
Holders or the Trustee would be entitled except for the provisions of this
ARTICLE 13, and no payment over pursuant to the provisions of this ARTICLE 13 to
or for the benefit of the holders of such Senior Indebtedness by Holders of the
Securities of such series or the Trustee, shall, as between the Company, its
creditors other than holders of such Senior Indebtedness, and the Holders of the
Securities of such series, be deemed to be a payment by the Company to or on
account of such Senior Indebtedness. It is understood that the provisions of
this ARTICLE 13 are and are intended solely for the purposes of defining the
relative rights of the Holders of the Securities of each series, on the one
hand, and the holders of the Senior Indebtedness with respect to the Securities
of such series on the other hand.

         Nothing contained in this ARTICLE 13 or elsewhere in this Indenture,
any Additional Provisions or in the Securities of any series is intended to or
shall impair, as between the Company, its creditors other than the holders of
Senior Indebtedness with respect to the Securities of such series, and the
Holders of the Securities of such series, the obligation of the Company, which
is absolute and unconditional, to pay to the Holders of the Securities of such
series the principal of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional Amounts
with respect to, the Securities of such series as and when the same shall become
due and payable in accordance with their terms, or is intended to or shall
affect the relative rights of the Holders of the Securities of such series and
creditors of the Company, other than the holders of such Senior Indebtedness,
nor shall anything herein or therein prevent the Trustee or the Holder of any
Security of such series from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by
applicable law upon default under this Indenture, subject to the rights, if any,
under this ARTICLE 13 of the holders of such Senior Indebtedness in respect of
cash, property or securities of the Company, as the case may be, received upon
the exercise of any such remedy.


                                      -80-




         Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to
in this ARTICLE 13, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of ARTICLE 7 of this
Indenture, and the Holders shall be entitled to conclusively rely upon any order
or decree made by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such dissolution,
winding-up, liquidation or reorganization proceedings are pending, or a
certificate of the receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidation trustee, agent
or other Person making such payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or
to the Holders of the Securities of any series, for the purposes of ascertaining
the Persons entitled to participate in such distribution, the holders of Senior
Indebtedness with respect to the Securities of such series and other
indebtedness of the Company, as the case may be, the amount thereof or payable
thereon, the amount or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts
pertinent thereto or to this ARTICLE 13.

         Section 13.5      Trustee to Effectuate Subordination.
                           ------------------------------------

         Each Holder of Securities by such Holder's acceptance thereof
authorizes and directs the Trustee on such Holder's behalf to take such action
as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination provided in
this ARTICLE 13 and appoints the Trustee such Holder's attorney-in-fact for any
and all such purposes.

         Section 13.6      Notice by the Company.
                           ----------------------

         The Company shall give prompt written notice to a Responsible Officer
of the Trustee of any fact known to the Company that would prohibit the making
of any payment of monies to or by the Trustee in respect of the Securities of
any series pursuant to the provisions of this ARTICLE 13. Notwithstanding the
provisions of this ARTICLE 13 or any other provision of this Indenture or any
Additional Provisions, the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of the
existence of any facts that would prohibit the making of any payment of monies
to or by the Trustee in respect of the Securities of any series pursuant to the
provisions of this ARTICLE 13, unless and until a Responsible Officer of the
Trustee shall have received written notice thereof from the Company or a holder
or holders of Senior Indebtedness with respect to the Securities of such series
or from any trustee therefor; and before the receipt of any such written notice,
the Trustee, subject to the provisions of ARTICLE 7 of this Indenture, shall be
entitled in all respects to assume that no such facts exist; provided, however,
that if the Trustee shall not have received the notice provided for in this
Section 13.6 at least two Business Days prior to the date upon which by the
terms hereof any money may become payable for any purpose (including, without
limitation, the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on, or any
Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security of such series), then, anything
herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall have full
power and authority to receive such money and to apply the same to the purposes
for which they were received, and shall not be affected by any notice to the
contrary that may be received by it within two Business Days prior to such date.

         The Trustee, subject to the provisions of ARTICLE 7 of this Indenture,
shall be entitled to conclusively rely on the delivery to it of a written notice
by a Person representing himself to be a holder of Senior Indebtedness with
respect to the Securities of any series (or a trustee on


                                      -81-




behalf of such holder), to establish that such notice has been given by a holder
of such Senior Indebtedness or a trustee on behalf of any such holder or
holders. In the event that the Trustee determines in good faith that further
evidence is required with respect to the right of any Person as a holder of such
Senior Indebtedness to participate in any payment or distribution pursuant to
this ARTICLE 13, the Trustee may request such Person to furnish evidence to the
reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to the amount of such Senior
Indebtedness held by such Person, the extent to which such Person is entitled to
participate in such payment or distribution and any other facts pertinent to the
rights of such Person under this ARTICLE 13, and, if such evidence is not
furnished, the Trustee may defer any payment to such Person pending judicial
determination as to the right of such Person to receive such payment.

         Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to
in this ARTICLE 13, the Trustee and the Holders shall be entitled to
conclusively rely upon any order or decree entered by any court of competent
jurisdiction in which such insolvency, bankruptcy, receivership, liquidation,
reorganization, dissolution, winding-up or similar case or proceeding is
pending, or a certificate of the trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee,
custodian, receiver, assignee for the benefit of creditors, agent or other
Person making such payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or to the
Holders of the Securities of any series, for the purpose of ascertaining the
Persons entitled to participate in such payment or distribution, the holders of
Senior Indebtedness with respect to the Securities of such series and other
indebtedness of the Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount
or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or
to this ARTICLE 13.

         Section 13.7      Rights of the Trustee; Holders of Senior
                           ----------------------------------------
Indebtedness.
-------------

         The Trustee in its individual capacity shall be entitled to all the
rights set forth in this ARTICLE 13 in respect of any Senior Indebtedness with
respect to the Securities of any series at any time held by it, to the same
extent as any other holder of such Senior Indebtedness, and nothing in this
Indenture or any Additional Provisions shall deprive the Trustee of any of its
rights as such holder.

         With respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness with respect to the
Securities of any series, the Trustee undertakes to perform or to observe only
such of its covenants and obligations as are specifically set forth in this
ARTICLE 13, and no implied covenants or obligations with respect to the holders
of such Senior Indebtedness shall be read into this Indenture or any Additional
Provisions against the Trustee. The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any
fiduciary duty to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness and, subject to the
provisions of ARTICLE 7 of this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be liable to
any holder of such Senior Indebtedness if it shall mistakenly or otherwise pay
over or deliver to Holders of the Securities of such series, the Company or any
other Person money or assets to which any holder of such Senior Indebtedness
shall be entitled by virtue of this ARTICLE 13 or otherwise.

         Nothing in this ARTICLE 13 shall apply to claims of, or payments to,
the Trustee under or pursuant to Section 7.6.


                                      -82-




         Section 13.8      Subordination May Not Be Impaired.
                           ----------------------------------

         No right of any present or future holder of any Senior Indebtedness to
enforce subordination as herein provided shall at any time in any way be
prejudiced or impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company,
or by any act or failure to act, in good faith, by any such holder, or by any
noncompliance by the Company with the terms, provisions and covenants of this
Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof that any such holder may have or
otherwise be charged with.

         Without in any way limiting the generality of the foregoing paragraph,
the holders of Senior Indebtedness with respect to the Securities of any series
may, at any time and from time to time, without the consent of or notice to the
Trustee or the Holders of Securities of such series, without incurring
responsibility to such Holders and without impairing or releasing the
subordination provided in this ARTICLE 13 or the obligations hereunder of the
Holders of the Securities of such series to the holders of such Senior
Indebtedness, do any one or more of the following: (i) change the manner, place
or terms of payment or extend the time of payment of, or renew or alter, such
Senior Indebtedness, or otherwise amend or supplement in any manner such Senior
Indebtedness or any instrument evidencing the same or any agreement under which
such Senior Indebtedness is outstanding; (ii) sell, exchange, release or
otherwise deal with any property pledged, mortgaged or otherwise securing such
Senior Indebtedness; (iii) release any Person liable in any manner for the
collection of such Senior Indebtedness; and (iv) exercise or refrain from
exercising any rights against the Company and any other Person.

         Section 13.9      Application by Trustee of Assets Deposited with It.
                           ---------------------------------------------------

         Amounts deposited in trust with the Trustee pursuant to and in
accordance with this Indenture, including without limitation pursuant to ARTICLE
12 hereof, shall be for the sole benefit of the Holders of the Securities and,
to the extent allocated for the payment of Securities, shall not be subject to
the subordination provisions of this ARTICLE 13. Otherwise, any deposit of
assets with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (whether or not in trust) for the
payment of any Securities shall be subject to the provisions of Sections 13.1,
13.2, and 13.3; provided that, if prior to two Business Days preceding the date
on which by the terms of this Indenture any such assets may become distributable
for any purpose (including, without limitation, the payment of any amount due on
any Security) the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall not have received with
respect to such assets the written notice provided for in Section 13.6, then the
Trustee or such Paying Agent shall have full power and authority to receive such
assets and to apply the same to the purpose for which they were received, and
shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary which may be received by it
on or after such date.


                                      -83-




ARTICLE 14
                            MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

         Section 14.1      Incorporators, Stockholders, Officers and Directors
                           ---------------------------------------------------
of Company Exempt from Individual Liability.
--------------------------------------------

         No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement
contained in this Indenture, or in any Security, or for any claim based thereon
or otherwise in respect thereof, or because of any indebtedness evidenced
thereby, shall be had against any incorporator, as such, or against any past,
present or future stockholder, officer or director, as such, of the Company or
of any successor, either directly or through the Company or any successor, under
any rule of law, statute or constitutional provision or by the enforcement of
any assessment or by any legal or equitable proceeding or otherwise it being
expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder
are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability whatever
shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, shareholders,
officers or directors, as such, of the Company, or any of them, because of the
creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the
obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any
Security or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal liability of
every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or
statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such
incorporator, shareholder, officer or director, as such, because of the creation
of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations,
covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any Security or
implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of,
and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of
such Security.

         Section 14.2      Provisions of Indenture for the Sole Benefit of
                           -----------------------------------------------
Parties and Securityholders.
----------------------------

         Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, expressed or implied,
shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties hereto
and their successors, the Holders of the Securities and holders of Senior
Indebtedness, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture
or under any covenant or provision herein contained, all such covenants and
provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and their successors
and the Holders of the Securities.

         Section 14.3      Successors and Assigns of Company Bound by Indenture.
                           -----------------------------------------------------

         All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this
Indenture contained by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and
assigns, whether so expressed or not.

         Section 14.4      Notices to Holders; Waiver.
                           ---------------------------

         Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such
notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided)
if in writing and mailed by first-


                                      -84-




class mail, postage prepaid, to such Holders as their names and addresses appear
on the Securities Register within the time prescribed.

         Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may
be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either
before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such
notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such
filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in
reliance on such waiver. In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail,
neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed
to any particular Holder, shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with
respect to other Holders, and any notice which is mailed in the manner herein
provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given. In the case by
reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other cause
it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then such notification as
shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient
notification for every purpose hereunder. In case by reason of the suspension of
publication of any Authorized Newspapers or by reason of any other cause it
shall be impracticable to publish any notice to Holders otherwise required or
permitted under this Indenture, then such notification as shall be given with
the approval of the Trustee shall constitute sufficient notice to such Holders
for every purpose hereunder.

         Section 14.5      Addresses for Notices.
                           ----------------------

         Any notice or demand which by any provision of this Indenture is
required or permitted to be given or served by the Trustee or by the Holders of
Securities of any series on the Company may be given or served by registered
mail addressed (until another address is filed by the Company with the Trustee)
as follows: Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited, Victoria Hall, 11 Victoria Street,
Hamilton HM 11, Bermuda, Attention: Chief Financial Officer. Any notice,
direction, request or demand by the Company or any Holders of Securities of any
series to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or
made, for all purposes, if received at the Corporate Trust Office of such
Trustee.

         Section 14.6      Officer's Certificates and Opinions of Counsel;
                           -----------------------------------------------
Statements to Be Contained Therein.
-----------------------------------

         Upon any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take
any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall
furnish to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate stating that all conditions
precedent (including any covenants compliance with which constitutes a condition
precedent), if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed
action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the
opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent (including any covenants
compliance with which constitutes a condition precedent) have been complied
with, except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the
furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this
Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional
certificate or opinion need be furnished.


                                      -85-




         Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture (other than
annual certificates provided pursuant to Section 4.8) and delivered to the
Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in
this Indenture shall include (a) a statement that the Person making such
certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition, (b) a brief
statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon
which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are
based, (c) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made such
examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an
informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been
complied with and (d) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such
Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

         Any certificate, statement or opinion of an officer of the Company may
be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion
of or representations by counsel, unless such officer knows that the certificate
or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his
certificate, statement or opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous, or in
the exercise of reasonable care should know that the same are erroneous. Any
certificate, statement or opinion of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates
to factual matters, information with respect to which is in the possession of
the Company, upon the certificate, statement or opinion of or representations by
an officer or officers of the Company, unless such counsel knows that the
certificate, statement or opinion or representations with respect to the matters
upon which his certificate, statement or opinion may be based as aforesaid are
erroneous, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know that the same are
erroneous.

         Any certificate, statement or opinion of an officer of the Company or
of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to accounting matters, upon a
certificate or opinion of or representations by an accountant or firm of
accountants in the employ of the Company, unless such officer or counsel, as the
case may be, knows that the certificate or opinion or representations with
respect to the accounting matters upon which his certificate, statement or
opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know that the same are erroneous.

         Any certificate or opinion of any independent firm of public
accountants filed with the Trustee shall contain a statement that such firm is
independent.

         Section 14.7      Separability Clause.
                           --------------------

         In case any provision of this Indenture or of the Securities shall be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of
the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

         Section 14.8      Legal Holidays.
                           ---------------

         In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated
Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day in any Place of Payment,
then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the
Securities, other than a provision in Securities of any


                                      -86-




series, or any Tranche thereof, or in the indenture supplemental hereto, Board
Resolution or Officer's Certificate that establishes the terms of the Securities
of such series or Tranche, which specifically states that such provision shall
apply in lieu of this Section) payment of interest or principal and premium, if
any, need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on
the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force
and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date, or at the
Stated Maturity, and, if such payment is made or duly provided for on such
Business Day, no interest shall accrue on the amount so payable for the period
from and after such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity,
as the case may be, to such Business Day.

         Section 14.9      Conflict of Any Provision of Indenture with Trust
                           -------------------------------------------------
Indenture Act.
--------------

         If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits,
qualifies or conflicts with a provision of the Trust Indenture Act that is
required under such Act to be a part of and govern this Indenture, the latter
provision shall control. If any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes
any provision of the Trust Indenture Act that may be so modified or excluded,
the former provision shall control.

         Section 14.10     Governing Law.
                           --------------

         This Indenture and each Security shall be deemed to be a contract
governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York
applicable to agreements made or instruments entered into and, in each case,
performed in said state.

         Section 14.11     Judgment Currency.
                           ------------------

         The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so
under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any
court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of, or
premium or interest, if any, or Additional Amounts on the Securities of any
series (the "Required Currency") into a currency in which a judgment will be
rendered (the "Judgment Currency"), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate
at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase
in the City of New York the requisite amount of the Required Currency with the
Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which a final
unappealable judgment is given and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to
make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied
by any tender, or any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered
in accordance with clause (a)), in any currency other than the Required
Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the
actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency
expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable
as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in
the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall
fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be
payable and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other
sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, "New York Banking
Day" means any day except a Saturday, Sunday


                                      -87-




or a legal holiday in The City of New York or a day on which banking
institutions in The City of New York are authorized or obligated by law,
regulation or executive order to be closed.

         Section 14.12     No Security Interest Created.
                           ----------------------------

         Nothing in this Indenture or in any Securities, express or implied,
shall be construed to constitute a security interest under the Uniform
Commercial Code or similar legislation, as now or hereafter enacted and in
effect in any jurisdiction where property of the Company or its Subsidiaries is
or may be located.

         Section 14.13     Submission to Jurisdiction.
                           --------------------------

         The Company agrees that any legal suit, action or proceeding instituted
against the Company in relation to any matter arising under this Indenture or
the Securities appertaining thereto may be brought in any United States Federal
or New York State court sitting in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New
York, New York to the extent that such court has subject matter jurisdiction
over the controversy, and, by execution and delivery of this Indenture, the
Company hereby irrevocably submits to, generally and unconditionally, the
personal jurisdiction of the aforesaid courts, acknowledges their competence and
irrevocably agrees to be bound by any judgment rendered in such proceeding. The
Company also irrevocably and unconditionally waives for the benefit of the
Trustee and the Holders of the Securities any objection to the venue of a
proceeding in any such court and any immunity from legal process (whether
through service or notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in the aid
of execution, execution or otherwise) in respect of this Indenture. The Company
hereby irrevocably designates and appoints for the benefit of the Trustee and
the Holders of the Securities for the term of this Indenture CT Corporation
System, 111 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10011, as its agent to receive on
its behalf service of all process (with a copy of all such service of process to
be delivered to Aspen Insurance UK Limited, 100 Leadenhall Street, London EC3A
3DD, Attention: General Counsel) brought against it with respect to any such
proceeding in any such court in The City of New York, such service being hereby
acknowledged by the Company to be effective and binding service on it in every
respect whether or not the Company shall then be doing or shall have at any time
done business in New York. Such appointment shall be irrevocable so long as any
of the Securities or the obligations of the Company hereunder remain outstanding
until the appointment of a successor by the Company and such successor's
acceptance of such appointment. Upon such acceptance, the Company shall notify
the Trustee in writing of the name and address of such successor. The Company
further agrees for the benefit of the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities
to take any and all action, including the execution and filing of any and all
such documents and instruments, as its agent in full force and effect so long as
any of the Securities or the obligations of the Company hereunder shall be
outstanding. The Trustee shall not be obligated and shall have no responsibility
with respect to any failure by the Company to take any such action. Nothing
herein shall affect the right to serve process in any other manner permitted by
any law or limit the right of the Trustee or any Holder to institute proceedings
against the Company in the courts of any other jurisdiction or jurisdictions.


                                      -88-




         Section 14.14     Counterparts.
                           -------------

         This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, and on
separate counterparts, each of which shall be an original; but such counterparts
shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

         Section 14.15     Effect of Headings.
                           -------------------

         The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are
for convenience only and shall not affect the interpretation hereof.

                                   ARTICLE 15
                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

         Section 15.1      Applicability of Article.
                           -------------------------

         The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to the Securities of
any series which are redeemable before their Stated Maturity except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of such series.

         Section 15.2      Notice of Redemption; Selection of Securities.
                           ----------------------------------------------

         In case the Company shall desire to exercise the right to redeem all
or, as the case may be, any part of the Securities of any series in accordance
with their terms, it shall fix a Redemption Date and shall provide notice of
such redemption at least 45 days prior to such Redemption Date to the Trustee
and at least 30 days but no more than 60 days prior to such Redemption Date to
the Holders of Securities of such series so to be redeemed as a whole or in part
in the manner provided in Section 14.4, unless a different period is specified
in the Securities to be redeemed. The notice provided in the manner herein
specified shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not
the Holder receives such notice. In any case, failure to give such notice or any
defect in the notice to the Holder of any Security of a series designated for
redemption as a whole or in part shall not affect the validity of the
proceedings for the redemption of any other Security of such series.

         Each such notice of redemption shall specify the Redemption Date, the
Redemption Price, the CUSIP or other comparable number, the Place or Places of
Payment, that the Securities of such series are being redeemed at the option of
the Company pursuant to provisions contained in the terms of the Securities of
such series or in a supplemental indenture establishing such series, if such be
the case, together with a brief statement of the facts permitting such
redemption, that payment will be made upon presentation and surrender of the
applicable Securities at the Place or Places of Payment, that the Redemption
Price together with any interest accrued and Additional Amounts to the
Redemption Date will be paid as specified in said notice, and that on and after
said Redemption Date any interest thereon or on the portions thereof to be
redeemed will cease to accrue, and any information that is required to be
included therein by the Depository.


                                      -89-




         If fewer than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed the
notice of redemption shall specify the numbers of the Securities of such series
to be redeemed. In case any Security of any series is to be redeemed in part
only, the notice of redemption shall state the portion of the principal amount
thereof to be redeemed and shall state that on and after the Redemption Date,
upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in
principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued, or, in
the case of Securities providing appropriate space for such notation, at the
option of the Holders the Trustee, in lieu of delivering a new Security or
Securities as aforesaid, may make a notation on such Security of the payment of
the redeemed portion thereof.

         On or before the Redemption Date with respect to the Securities of any
series stated in the notice of redemption given as provided in this Section
15.2, the Company will deposit with the Trustee or with one or more Paying
Agents an amount of money (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by
Section 3.1 for the Securities of such series or if the Company is acting as its
own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 4.3)
sufficient to redeem on such Redemption Date all the Securities or portions
thereof so called for redemption at the applicable Redemption Price, together
with accrued interest on and Additional Amounts with respect thereto, to such
Redemption Date.

         If fewer than all the Securities of any series, or any Tranche thereof,
are to be redeemed, the Company shall give notice of redemption to the Trustee
not less than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date as to the aggregate principal
amount of Securities to be redeemed.

         If a Holders' Redemption Agreement, as hereinafter defined, is not on
file with the Trustee and in effect, the particular Securities to be redeemed
shall be selected by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series
or Tranche not previously called for redemption, substantially pro rata, by lot
or by any other method the Trustee considers fair and appropriate and that
complies with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange, if
any, on which such Securities are listed, and which may provide for the
selection for redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized
denomination for Securities of that series or Tranche or any integral multiple
thereof) of the principal amount of Securities of such series or Tranche of a
denomination larger than the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of
that series or Tranche; provided that in case the Securities of such series or
Tranche have different terms and maturities, the Securities to be redeemed shall
be selected by the Company and the Company shall give notice thereof to the
Trustee; provided, however, that if, as indicated in an Officer's Certificate,
the Company shall have offered to purchase all or any principal amount of the
Securities then Outstanding of any series, or any Tranche thereof, and fewer
than all of such Securities as to which such offer was made shall have been
tendered to the Company for such purchase, the Trustee, if so directed by
Company Order, shall select for redemption all or any principal amount of such
Securities which have not been so tendered.

         If the Trustee shall use "CUSIP" numbers in notices as a convenience to
Holders, then any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the
correctness of such numbers either as printed on the


                                      -90-




Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may
be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities,
and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of
such numbers. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee in writing of any
change in the "CUSIP" numbers.

         If at the time the Company shall have given notice of redemption to the
Trustee in accordance with Section 15.2, there shall be on file with the Trustee
and in effect a Holders' Redemption Agreement, as hereinafter defined, then the
Trustee shall select, in accordance with the provisions of said Holders'
Redemption Agreement, the Securities or parts thereof to be redeemed.

         For the purposes of this Indenture, the term "Holders' Redemption
Agreement" shall mean an agreement, reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee,
executed as provided in this Section, which provides for the method to be
followed by the Trustee in selecting Securities or parts of Securities for
redemption out of any funds held by the Trustee to be applied to such
redemption. A Holders' Redemption Agreement may be made with respect to a single
series of Securities, or Tranche thereof, in which case it shall be executed by
or on behalf of the Holders of all Outstanding Securities of such series or
Tranche, or it may be made with respect to all Outstanding Securities in which
case it shall be executed by or on behalf of the Holders of all Securities
Outstanding hereunder.

         The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the
Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected
for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

         Section 15.3      Payment of Securities Called for Redemption.
                           --------------------------------------------

         If notice of redemption has been given as above provided and the
Company has deposited, on or before the Redemption Date, with the Trustee
(and/or having irrevocably directed the Trustee to apply, from money held by it
available to be used for the redemption of Securities) an amount in cash
sufficient to redeem all of the Securities to be redeemed, the Securities or
portions of Securities of the series specified in such notice shall become due
and payable on the Redemption Date, and at the place or places stated in such
notice at the applicable Redemption Price, together with any interest accrued to
such Redemption Date, and on and after said Redemption Date any interest on the
Securities or portion of Securities of any series so called for redemption shall
cease to accrue. On presentation and surrender of such Securities at a Place of
Payment in such notice specified, such Securities or the specified portions
thereof shall be paid and redeemed by the Company at the applicable Redemption
Price, together with any interest accrued and Additional Amounts to the
Redemption Date, except that if such Redemption Date is an Interest Payment
Date, interest shall be paid as provided in Section 3.8.

         Upon presentation of any Security redeemed in part only, the Company
shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery
to or on the order of the Holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new
Security or Securities of such series,


                                      -91-




of authorized denominations, in principal
amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented.

         If a Security in global form is so surrendered, the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the U.S. Depository
or other Depository for such Security in global form as shall be specified in
the Company Order with respect thereto to the Trustee, without service charge, a
new Security in global form in a denomination equal to and in exchange for the
unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security in global form so
surrendered.

         If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon
surrender thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium, until paid,
shall bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in
the Security.

                                   ARTICLE 16
                                  SINKING FUNDS

         Section 16.1      Applicability of Article.
                           -------------------------

         The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund
for the retirement of Securities of a series except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of such series.

         The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the
terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking
fund payment", and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by
the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an "optional
sinking fund payment".

         Section 16.2      Satisfaction of Mandatory Sinking Fund Payment with
                           ---------------------------------------------------
Securities.
-----------

         In lieu of making all or any part of any mandatory sinking fund payment
with respect to any Securities of a series in cash, the Company may at its
option, at any time but not less than 45 days prior to the date on which such
sinking fund payment is due, deliver to the Trustee Securities of such series
theretofore purchased or otherwise acquired by the Company, except Securities of
such series which have been redeemed through the application of mandatory
sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of the Securities of such series,
accompanied by a company order instructing the Trustee to credit such
obligations and stating that the Securities of such series were originally
issued by the Company by way of bona fide sale or other negotiation for value;
provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such
Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the
Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation
of the mandatory sinking fund and the amount of such mandatory sinking fund
payment shall be reduced accordingly.


                                      -92-




         Section 16.3      Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.
                           ------------------------------------------

         Not less than 60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any
series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee a certificate
signed by the chief executive officer, the chief financial officer, the chief
operating officer, a Vice President, the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer of
the Company specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for
such series pursuant to the terms of such series, the portion thereof, if any,
which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any,
which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of such series
pursuant to Section 16.2 and whether the Company intends to exercise its rights
to make a permitted optional sinking fund payment with respect to such series.
Such certificate shall be irrevocable and upon its delivery the Company shall be
obligated to make the cash payment or payments therein referred to, if any, on
or before the next succeeding sinking fund payment date. In the case of the
failure of the Company to deliver such certificate (or to deliver the
Securities, if any, specified in such certificate within the time period
specified in Section 16.2), unless otherwise agreed by the Trustee, the sinking
fund payment due on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date for such
series shall be paid entirely in cash and shall be sufficient to redeem the
principal amount of the Securities of such series subject to a mandatory sinking
fund payment without the right to deliver or credit Securities as provided in
Section 16.2 and without the right to make any optional sinking fund payment, if
any, with respect to such series.

         Any sinking fund payment or payments (mandatory or optional) made in
cash plus any unused balance of any preceding sinking fund payments made with
respect to the Securities of any particular series shall be applied by the
Trustee (or by the Company if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent) on
the sinking fund payment date on which such payment is made (or, if such payment
is made before a sinking fund payment date, on the sinking fund payment date
following the date of such payment) to the redemption of Securities of such
series at the Redemption Price specified in such Securities with respect to the
sinking fund together with accrued interest, if any, to the applicable
Redemption Date. Any sinking fund moneys not so applied or allocated by the
Trustee (or by the Company if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent) to
the redemption of Securities shall be added to the next sinking fund payment
received by the Trustee (or if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent,
segregated and held in trust as provided in Section 4.3) for such series and,
together with such payment (or such amount so segregated) shall be applied in
accordance with the provisions of this Section 16.3. Any and all sinking fund
moneys with respect to the Securities of any particular series held by the
Trustee (or if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregated and
held in trust as provided in Section 4.3) on the last sinking fund payment date
with respect to Securities of such series and not held for the payment or
redemption of particular Securities of such series shall be applied by the
Trustee (or by the Company if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent),
together with other moneys, if necessary, to be deposited (or segregated)
sufficient for the purpose, to the payment of the principal of the Securities of
such series at Maturity.


                                      -93-




         The Trustee shall select or cause to be selected the Securities to be
redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section
15.2 and the Company shall cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in
the manner provided in Section 15.2 except that the notice of redemption shall
also state that the Securities are being redeemed by operation of the sinking
fund and whether the sinking fund payment is mandatory or optional, or both, as
the case may be. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of the
Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section
15.3.

         On or before each sinking fund payment date, the Company shall pay to
the Trustee (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, will
segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 4.3) in cash a sum equal to
the principal and any interest accrued to the Redemption Date for Securities or
portions thereof to be redeemed on such sinking fund payment date pursuant to
this Section.

         Neither the Trustee nor the Company shall redeem any Securities of a
series with sinking fund moneys or mail any notice of redemption of Securities
of such series by operation of the sinking fund for such series during the
continuance of a default in payment of interest, if any, on any Securities of
such series or of any Event of Default (other than an Event of Default occurring
as a consequence of this paragraph) with respect to the Securities of such
series, except that if the notice of redemption shall have been provided in
accordance with the provisions hereof, the Trustee (or the Company if the
Company is acting as its own Paying Agent) shall redeem such Securities if cash
sufficient for that purpose shall be deposited with the Trustee (or segregated
by the Company) for that purpose in accordance with the terms of this Article.
Except as aforesaid, any moneys in the sinking fund for such series at the time
when any such default or Event of Default shall occur and any moneys thereafter
paid into such sinking fund shall, during the continuance of such default or
Event of Default, be held as security for the payment of the Securities of such
series; provided, however, that in case such Event of Default or default shall
have been cured or waived as provided herein, such moneys shall thereafter be
applied on the next sinking fund payment date for the Securities of such series
on which such moneys may be applied pursuant to the provisions of this Section.






                                      -94-






                                                         -2-

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited has caused this
Indenture to be duly executed as a deed as of the date above written.







                                     By:
                                         --------------------------
                                         Name:
                                         Title:


                                     By:
                                         --------------------------
                                         Name:
                                         Title:


         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized, has
executed this Indenture as of the date first above written.



                                     DEUTSCHE BANK TRUST COMPANY
                                     AMERICAS, AS TRUSTEE

                                     By:
                                         --------------------------
                                         Name:
                                         Title:








                                    EXHIBIT A
                      FORM OF CERTIFICATE FOR TRANSFER FROM
            RULE 144A GLOBAL SECURITY TO REGULATION S GLOBAL SECURITY
             (transfers pursuant to Section 3.7(a) of the Indenture)
                                                                          [Date]
Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas
Global Debt Services
Trust and Securities Services
60 Wall Street
New York, New York 10005

Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited
Victoria Hall
11 Victoria Street
Hamilton HM 11
Bermuda

     Re: [Note][Debenture][Zero Coupon] Due          (the "Securities")
         of Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited (the "Company")

Ladies and Gentlemen:

         Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of [       ], (as
amended and supplemented from time to time, the "Indenture"), between the
Company, as issuer and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (the "Trustee").
Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given them
in the Indenture.

         This letter relates to $         principal amount of Securities which
are held by the undersigned (the "Transferor") as a beneficial interest in the
Rule 144A Global Security (CUSIP No.              ) deposited with [Name of
Depository] (the "Depository"). The Transferor has requested a transfer of such
beneficial interest for an interest in the Regulation S Global Security (CUSIP
No.           ) deposited with the Depository.

         In connection with such request and in respect of such Securities, the
Transferor hereby certifies that such transfer has been effected pursuant to and
in accordance with Regulation S and accordingly further certifies that:

         (a)  the offer of the Securities was not made to a person in the United
              States;

         (b)  either (i) at the time the buy order was originated, the
              transferee was outside the United States or the Transferor and any
              person acting on its behalf reasonably believed that the
              transferee was outside the United States or (ii) the transaction
              was executed in, on or through the facilities of a designated
              off-shore securities market and neither the Transferor nor


                                      A-1





              any person acting on its behalf knows that the transaction has
              been pre-arranged with a buyer in the United States; (c) no
              directed selling efforts have been made in the United States in
              contravention of the requirements of Rule 903(b) or Rule 904(b) of
              Regulation S, as applicable;

         (d)  the transaction is not part of a plan or scheme to evade the
              registration requirements of the Securities Act; and

         (e)  the Transferor is the beneficial owner of the Securities being
              transferred.

         In addition, if the transfer is made during the distribution compliance
period specified in Rule 903 of Regulation S and the provisions of Rule
904(b)(1) or Rule 904(b)(2) of Regulation S are applicable thereto, the
Transferor confirms that such transfer has been made in accordance with the
applicable provisions of Rule 904(b)(1) or Rule 904(b)(2), as the case may be.

         You and the Company are entitled to rely upon this letter and are
irrevocably authorized to produce this letter or a copy hereof to any interested
party in any administrative or legal proceedings or official inquiry with
respect to the matters covered hereby.

Dated:
                                    Very truly yours,
                                    [Name of Transferor]
                                    By:
                                       -----------------------------
                                            Authorized signature









                                      A-2




                                    EXHIBIT B
                      FORM OF CERTIFICATE FOR TRANSFER FROM
            REGULATION S GLOBAL SECURITY TO RULE 144A GLOBAL SECURITY
             (transfers pursuant to Section 3.7(b) of the Indenture)
                                                                          [Date]
Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas
Global Debt Services
Trust and Securities Services
60 Wall Street
New York, New York 10005

Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited
Victoria Hall
11 Victoria Street
Hamilton HM 11
Bermuda

         Re: [Note][Debenture][Zero Coupon] Due        (the "Securities") of
         Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited (the "Company")

Ladies and Gentlemen:

         Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of [        ], (as
amended and supplemented from time to time, the "Indenture"), between the
Company, as issuer, and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (the
"Trustee"). Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the
meanings given them in the Indenture.

         This letter relates to $          principal amount of Securities which
are held by the undersigned (the "Transferor") as a beneficial interest in the
Regulation S Global Security (CUSIP No.              ) deposited with [Name of
Depository] (the "Depository"). The Transferor has requested a transfer of such
beneficial interest for an interest in the Rule 144A Global Security (CUSIP No.
             ) deposited with the Depository.

         In connection with such request and in respect of such Securities, the
Transferor hereby certifies that such Securities are being transferred to a
transferee that the Transferor reasonably believes is purchasing the Securities
for its own account or an account with respect to which the transferee exercises
sole investment discretion, and the transferee, as well as any such account, is
a "qualified institutional buyer" within the meaning of Rule 144A, in a
transaction meeting the requirements of Rule 144A and in accordance with
applicable securities laws of any state of the United States or any other
jurisdiction.


                                      B-1





         You and the Company are entitled to rely upon this letter and are
irrevocably authorized to produce this letter or a copy hereof to any interested
party in any administrative or legal proceedings or official inquiry with
respect to the matters covered hereby.

Dated:                              Very truly yours,
      -----------------             [Name of Transferor]
                                    By:
                                       -----------------------------
                                    Authorized signature






















                                      B-2



                                    EXHIBIT C

            FORM OF CERTIFICATE FOR TRANSFERS FROM RESTRICTED GLOBAL
                    SECURITY TO UNRESTRICTED GLOBAL SECURITY
            (Transfers pursuant to section 3.7(c) of the Indenture)

                                                                          [Date]
Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas
Global Debt Services
Trust and Securities Services
60 Wall Street
New York, New York 10005

Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited
Victoria Hall
11 Victoria Street
Hamilton HM 11
Bermuda

         Re: [Note][Debenture][Zero Coupon] Due         (the "Securities") of
         Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited (the "Company")

Ladies and Gentlemen:

         Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of [          ],
(as amended and supplemented from time to time, the "Indenture"), between the
Company, as issuer, and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as Trustee.
Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given them
in the Indenture.

         This letter relates to $        principal amount of Securities which
are held by the undersigned (the "Owner") as a beneficial interest in the
Regulation S Global Security (CUSIP No.              )/Rule 144A Global
Security (CUSIP No.              ) deposited with [Name of Depository] (the
"Depository"). The Owner owns and proposes to exchange the interest in the
Regulation S Global Security (CUSIP No.                 )/Rule 144A Global
Security (CUSIP No.                ) for an interest in the unrestricted Global
Security (CUSIP No.                ) deposited with the Depository (the
"Exchange").

         In connection with such request and in respect of such Securities, the
Owner hereby certifies that (i) the beneficial interest is being acquired for
the Owner's own account without transfer, (ii) such Exchange has been effected
in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to the Global Securities
and pursuant to and in accordance with the United States Securities Act of 1933,
as amended (the "SECURITIES ACT"), (iii) the restrictions on transfer contained
in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to
maintain compliance with the Securities Act and (iv) the beneficial interest in
an unrestricted


                                      C-1




Security is being acquired in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities
laws of any state of the United States.

         You and the Company are entitled to rely upon this letter and are
irrevocably authorized to produce this letter or a copy hereof to any interested
party in any administrative or legal proceedings or official inquiry with
respect to the matters covered hereby.

Dated:                              Very truly yours,
      -----------------             [Name of Transferor]
                                    By:
                                       -----------------------------
                                    Authorized signature











                                      C-2




                                    EXHIBIT D
             FORM OF CERTIFICATE FOR TRANSFERS PURSUANT TO RULE 144
             (transfers pursuant to section 3.7(e) of the Indenture)

                                                                          [Date]
Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas
Global Debt Services
Trust and Securities Services
60 Wall Street
New York, New York 10005

Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited
Victoria Hall
11 Victoria Street
Hamilton HM 11
Bermuda

         Re: [Note][Debenture][Zero Coupon] Due        (the "Securities") of
         Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited (the "Company")

Ladies and Gentlemen:

         Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of [           ],
(as amended and supplemented from time to time, the "Indenture"), between the
Company, as issuer, and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as Trustee.
Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given them
in the Indenture.

         In connection with our proposed sale of $           principal amount
of the Securities, which represent an interest in a Rule 144A Global Note
beneficially owned by the undersigned (the "Transferor"), we confirm that such
sale has been effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 144.

         You and the Company are entitled to rely upon this letter and are
irrevocably authorized to produce this letter or a copy hereof to any interested
party in any administrative or legal proceedings or official inquiry with
respect to the matters covered hereby.




                                    Dated: Very truly yours,
                                    [Name of Transferor]
                                    By:
                                       -----------------------------
                                    Authorized signature






                                      D-1