10-Q 1 qvc_10qx9302019.htm 10-Q Document
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-38654
QVC, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
State of Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
23-2414041
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
 
 
1200 Wilson Drive
West Chester, Pennsylvania
(Address of principal executive offices)
19380
(Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (484) 701-1000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol
Name of each exchange on which registered
6.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2067
QVCD
New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer x
Smaller reporting company o
Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

None of the voting stock of the registrant is held by a non-affiliate of the registrant. There is no publicly traded market for any class of voting stock of the registrant. There is one holder of record of our equity, Qurate Retail Group, Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Qurate Retail, Inc.
 


QVC, Inc.
2019 QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q


Table of Contents





Item 1. Financial Statements
QVC, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited)
 
September 30,

December 31,

(in millions, except share amounts)
2019

2018

Assets
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
551

543

Restricted cash
8

7

Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $110 at September 30, 2019 and $112 at December 31, 2018
1,218

1,787

Inventories
1,439

1,280

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
135

216

Total current assets
3,351

3,833

Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $1,370 at September 30, 2019 and $1,281 at December 31, 2018
1,179

1,165

Operating lease right-of-use assets
218

—

Television distribution rights, net
169

140

Goodwill
5,954

5,972

Other intangible assets, net
3,652

3,666

Other noncurrent assets
109

80

Total assets
$
14,632

14,856

Liabilities and equity


Current liabilities:


Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations
$
18

421

Accounts payable-trade
868

1,008

Accrued liabilities
835

1,026

Total current liabilities
1,721

2,455

Long-term portion of debt and finance lease obligations
5,115

4,699

Deferred income taxes
727

700

Other long-term liabilities
350

173

Total liabilities
7,913

8,027

Equity:


QVC, Inc. stockholder's equity:


Common stock, $0.01 par value, 1 authorized share
—

—

Additional paid-in capital
9,199

9,123

Accumulated deficit
(2,429
)
(2,269
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(174
)
(144
)
Total QVC, Inc. stockholder's equity
6,596

6,710

Noncontrolling interest
123

119

Total equity
6,719

6,829

Total liabilities and equity
$
14,632

14,856


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

I-1

QVC, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(unaudited)
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
(in millions)
2019

2018

2019

2018

Net revenue
$
2,504

2,569

7,519

7,727

Operating costs and expenses:
 
 



Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)
1,615

1,637

4,803

4,882

Operating
181

208

537

630

Selling, general and administrative, including transaction related costs and stock-based compensation
266

311

804

858

Depreciation
43

43

143

130

Amortization
69

65

211

176


2,174

2,264

6,498

6,676

Operating income
330

305

1,021

1,051

Other expense:
 
 
 
 
Equity in losses of investee
—

(1
)
(1
)
(2
)
Losses on financial instruments
(2
)
(1
)
(5
)
—

Interest expense, net
(61
)
(50
)
(182
)
(183
)
Foreign currency loss
—

(1
)
(3
)
—


(63
)
(53
)
(191
)
(185
)
Income before income taxes
267

252

830

866

Income tax expense
(79
)
(71
)
(238
)
(229
)
Net income
188

181

592

637

Less net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest
(14
)
(11
)
(36
)
(33
)
Net income attributable to QVC, Inc. stockholder
$
174

170

556

604


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

I-2

QVC, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(unaudited)
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
(in millions)
2019

2018

2019

2018

Net income
$
188

181

592

637

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
(36
)
(22
)
(28
)
(48
)
Total comprehensive income
152

159

564

589

Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest
(13
)
(8
)
(38
)
(32
)
Comprehensive income attributable to QVC, Inc. stockholder
$
139

151

526

557


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

I-3

QVC, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
(in millions)
2019

2018

Operating activities:
 
 
Net income
$
592

637

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:




Equity in losses of investee
1

2

Deferred income taxes
(4
)
(8
)
Foreign currency loss
3

—

Depreciation
143

130

Amortization
211

176

Change in fair value of financial instruments and noncash interest
10

5

Stock-based compensation
30

34

Change in other long-term liabilities
(26
)
19

Other non-cash charges, net
8

—

Effects of changes in working capital items
50

(80
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
1,018

915

Investing activities:
 
 
Capital expenditures
(225
)
(136
)
Expenditures for television distribution rights
(128
)
(120
)
Changes in other noncurrent assets
(9
)
1

Other investing activities
29

(25
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(333
)
(280
)
Financing activities:
 
 
Principal payments of senior secured credit facility and finance lease obligations
(1,648
)
(2,636
)
Principal borrowings of debt from senior secured credit facility
2,061

1,731

Principal repayment of senior secured notes
(400
)
—

Proceeds from issuance of senior secured notes
—

225

Payment of debt origination fees
—

(8
)
Capital contribution received from Qurate Retail, Inc.
50

520

Dividends paid to Qurate Retail, Inc.
(698
)
(297
)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest
(34
)
(23
)
Other financing activities
(4
)
(18
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(673
)
(506
)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(3
)
(2
)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
9

127

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
550

290

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
$
559

417

Effects of changes in working capital items:
 
 
Decrease in accounts receivable
$
575

540

Increase in inventories
(169
)
(320
)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other current assets
32

(71
)
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable-trade
(111
)
18

Decrease in accrued liabilities and other
(277
)
(247
)
Effects of changes in working capital items
$
50

(80
)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

I-4

QVC, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity
(unaudited)
 
Common stock
Additional paid-in capital

Accumulated deficit

Accumulated other
comprehensive loss

Noncontrolling interest

Total equity

(in millions, except share data)
Shares

Amount

Balance, December 31, 2017
1

$
—

8,576

(2,797
)
(93
)
110

5,796

Adjustments due to new accounting pronouncements
—

—

—

13

—

—

13

Net income
—

—

—

604

—

33

637

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
—

—

—

—

(47
)
(1
)
(48
)
Capital contribution paid from Qurate Retail, Inc.
—

—

520

—

—

—

520

Dividends paid to Qurate Retail, Inc. and noncontrolling interest
—

—

—

(297
)
—

(23
)
(320
)
Impact of tax liability allocation and indemnification agreement with Qurate Retail, Inc.
—

—

—

(8
)
—

—

(8
)
Withholding taxes on net share settlements of stock-based compensation
—

—

(18
)
—

—

—

(18
)
Stock-based compensation
—

—

34

—

—

—

34

Balance, September 30, 2018
1

$
—

9,112

(2,485
)
(140
)
119

6,606

 
Common stock
Additional paid-in capital

Accumulated deficit

Accumulated other
comprehensive loss

Noncontrolling interest

Total equity

(in millions, except share data)
Shares

Amount

Balance, June 30, 2018
1

$
—

8,724

(2,596
)
(121
)
111

6,118

Net income
—

—

—

170

—

11

181

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
—

—

—

—

(19
)
(3
)
(22
)
Capital contribution paid from Qurate Retail, Inc.
—

—

380

—

—

—

380

Dividends paid to Qurate Retail, Inc. and noncontrolling interest
—

—

—

(54
)
—

—

(54
)
Impact of tax liability allocation and indemnification agreement with Qurate Retail, Inc.
—

—

—

(5
)
—

—

(5
)
Withholding taxes on net share settlements of stock-based compensation
—

—

(2
)
—

—

—

(2
)
Stock-based compensation
—

—

10

—

—

—

10

Balance, September 30, 2018
1

$
—

9,112

(2,485
)
(140
)
119

6,606




See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

I-5

QVC, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity
(unaudited)
 
Common stock
Additional paid-in capital

Accumulated deficit

Accumulated other
comprehensive loss

Noncontrolling interest

Total equity

(in millions, except share data)
Shares

Amount

Balance, December 31, 2018
1

$
—

9,123

(2,269
)
(144
)
119

6,829

Net income
—

—

—

556

—

36

592

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
—

—

—

—

(30
)
2

(28
)
Capital contribution paid from Qurate Retail, Inc.
—

—

50

—

—

—

50

Dividends paid to Qurate Retail, Inc. and noncontrolling interest
—

—

—

(698
)
—

(34
)
(732
)
Impact of tax liability allocation and indemnification agreement with Qurate Retail, Inc.
—

—

—

(18
)
—

—

(18
)
Withholding taxes on net share settlements of stock-based compensation
—

—

(4
)
—

—

—

(4
)
Stock-based compensation
—

—

30

—

—

—

30

Balance, September 30, 2019
1

$
—

9,199

(2,429
)
(174
)
123

6,719

 
Common stock
Additional paid-in capital

Accumulated deficit

Accumulated other
comprehensive loss

Noncontrolling interest

Total equity

(in millions, except share data)
Shares

Amount

Balance, June 30, 2019
1

$
—

9,139

(2,373
)
(139
)
116

6,743

Net income
—

—

—

174

—

14

188

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
—

—

—

—

(35
)
(1
)
(36
)
Capital contribution paid from Qurate Retail, Inc.
—

—

50

—

—

—

50

Dividends paid to Qurate Retail, Inc. and noncontrolling interest
—

—

—

(229
)
—

(6
)
(235
)
Impact of tax liability allocation and indemnification agreement with Qurate Retail, Inc.
—

—

—

(1
)
—

—

(1
)
Withholding taxes on net share settlements of stock-based compensation
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Stock-based compensation
—

—

10

—

—

—

10

Balance, September 30, 2019
1

$
—

9,199

(2,429
)
(174
)
123

6,719


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

I-6
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)


(1) Basis of Presentation
QVC, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (unless otherwise indicated or required by the context, the terms "we," "our," "QVC" or the "Company" refer to QVC, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries) is a retailer of a wide range of consumer products, which are marketed and sold primarily by merchandise-focused televised shopping programs, the Internet and mobile applications.
In the United States ("U.S."), QVC's televised shopping programs, including live and recorded content, are broadcast across multiple channels nationally on a full-time basis, including QVC, QVC2, QVC3, HSN and HSN2. During the first quarter of 2019, the Company transitioned its Beauty iQ broadcast channel to QVC 3 and Beauty iQ content was moved to a digital only platform. The Company's U.S. programming is also available on QVC.com and HSN.com, QVC's U.S. websites; mobile applications via streaming video; over-the-air broadcasters; and over-the-top content platforms (Roku, Apple TV, Amazon Fire, Facebook, etc.).
QVC's digital platforms enable consumers to purchase goods offered on our broadcast programming, along with a wide assortment of products that are available only on QVC.com and HSN.com. QVC.com, HSN.com and our other digital platforms (including our mobile applications, social pages and others) are natural extensions of our business model, allowing customers to engage in our shopping experience wherever they are, with live or on-demand content customized to the device they are using. In addition to offering video content, QVC.com and HSN.com allow shoppers to browse, research, compare and perform targeted searches for products, read customer reviews, control the order-entry process and conveniently access their account.
Internationally, QVC's televised shopping programs, including live and recorded content, are distributed to households outside of the U.S., primarily in Germany, Austria, Japan, the United Kingdom ("U.K."), the Republic of Ireland and Italy. In some of the countries where QVC operates, QVC's televised shopping programs are broadcast across multiple QVC channels: QVC Style and QVC2 in Germany and QVC Beauty, QVC Extra and QVC Style in the U.K. Similar to the U.S., our international businesses also engage customers via websites, mobile applications, and social pages. QVC's international business employs product sourcing teams who select products tailored to the interests of each local market.
The Company's Japanese operations ("QVC-Japan") are conducted through a joint venture with Mitsui & Co., LTD ("Mitsui"). QVC-Japan is owned 60% by the Company and 40% by Mitsui. The Company and Mitsui share in all profits and losses based on their respective ownership interests. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, QVC-Japan paid dividends to Mitsui of $34 million and $23 million, respectively.
The Company also has a joint venture with CNR Media Group, formerly known as China Broadcasting Corporation, a limited liability company owned by China National Radio (''CNR''). The Company owns a 49% interest in a CNR subsidiary, CNR Home Shopping Co., Ltd. (''CNRS''). CNRS operates a retail business in China through a shopping television channel with an associated website. This joint venture is accounted for as an equity method investment recorded as equity in losses of investee in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Company is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Qurate Retail, Inc. ("Qurate Retail") (formerly Liberty Interactive Corporation) (Nasdaq: QRTEA and QRTEB), which owns interests in a broad range of digital commerce businesses, including Qurate Retail's other wholly-owned subsidiaries Zulily, LLC ("Zulily"), HSN, Inc. ("HSN") prior to the transfer of ownership of HSN to QVC (described below), Cornerstone Brands, Inc. (former subsidiary of HSN prior to the transfer of ownership of HSN to QVC, "CBI") and other minority investments. QVC is part of the Qurate Retail Group ("QRG"), formerly QVC Group, a portfolio of brands including QVC, HSN, Zulily and CBI. On March 9, 2018, Qurate Retail, GCI Liberty, Inc. ("GCI Liberty") (formerly General Communication, Inc.), an Alaska corporation, and Liberty Interactive LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Qurate Retail, completed the previously announced transactions whereby Qurate Retail acquired GCI Liberty through a reorganization in which certain assets and liabilities attributed to Qurate Retail’s Ventures Group were contributed to GCI Liberty in exchange for a controlling interest in GCI Liberty. Qurate Retail then effected a tax-free separation of its controlling interest in the combined company. Qurate Retail's QVC Group common stock became the only outstanding common stock of Qurate Retail.


I-7
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

On October 1, 2015, Qurate Retail acquired all of the outstanding shares of Zulily, an online retailer offering customers a fun and entertaining shopping experience with a fresh selection of new product styles launched each day for a limited time period. Zulily is not part of the results of operations or financial position of QVC presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements. During each of the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, QVC and Zulily engaged in multiple transactions relating to sales, sourcing of merchandise, marketing initiatives and business advisory services. QVC allocated expenses of $5 million and $4 million to Zulily for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Zulily allocated expenses of $7 million and $4 million to QVC for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
On December 31, 2018, QVC amended and restated its senior secured credit facility (the "Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement") increasing the revolving credit facility from $2.65 billion to $3.65 billion as explained further in note 6. The Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement includes a $400 million tranche that may be borrowed by QVC or Zulily. Under the terms of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, QVC and Zulily are jointly and severally liable for all amounts borrowed on the $400 million tranche. In accordance with the accounting guidance for obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements, QVC will record a liability for amounts it has borrowed under the credit facility plus any additional amount it expects to repay on behalf of Zulily. As of September 30, 2019, there was $162 million borrowed by Zulily on the $400 million tranche of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, none of which the Company expects to repay on behalf of Zulily.
On December 29, 2017, Qurate Retail completed the acquisition of the remaining 62% ownership interest of HSN that it did not already own in an all-stock transaction. On December 31, 2018, Qurate Retail transferred its 100% ownership interest in HSN to QVC through a transaction among entities under common control. As a result of the transaction, the assets and liabilities of HSN (excluding its ownership interest in CBI) were transferred from Qurate Retail at Qurate Retail's historical cost to QVC through an equity contribution. CBI remained a subsidiary of Qurate Retail outside of the QVC legal structure. Beginning January 1, 2019, the Company's U.S. operations and HSN were combined to form the "QxH" reportable operating segment (see note 12). As a result of the common control transaction with Qurate Retail, the Company retrospectively adjusted certain balances within the consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, in order to combine the financial results of the Company and HSN since Qurate Retail's acquisition of HSN on December 29, 2017. All periods presented are prepared on a combined basis and are referred to as the condensed consolidated financial statements herein. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
QVC engages with CBI, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Qurate Retail and prior to the common control transaction between QVC and Qurate Retail, included as part of HSN. CBI is not part of the results of operations or financial position of QVC presented in these consolidated financial statements. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, QVC and CBI engaged in multiple transactions relating to sourcing of merchandise, personnel and business advisory services. QVC allocated expenses of $20 million and $38 million to CBI for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. CBI allocated expenses of $1 million and $4 million to QVC for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In the third quarter of 2018, CBI forgave $9 million in intercompany interest payable from HSN, which HSN had previously recorded as interest expense, net during the six months ending June 30, 2018. CBI also repaid a $29 million note receivable to QVC during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
On October 2018, QRG announced a series of initiatives designed to better position its QxH businesses (“QRG Initiatives”). As part of the QRG Initiatives, QVC will close its fulfillment centers in Lancaster, Pennsylvania and Roanoke, Virginia and has entered into an agreement to lease a new fulfillment center in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania (see note 7).
In the fourth quarter of 2018, QVC announced the potential closure of its operations in France. The formal announcement to execute the closure was made in March 2019 and broadcasting for QVC in France was subsequently terminated on March 13, 2019.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of QVC, Inc. and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions were eliminated in consolidation.


I-8
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

The accompanying (a) condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and (b) the interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results for such periods have been included. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in QVC's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates include, but are not limited to, sales returns, uncollectible receivables, inventory obsolescence, internally-developed software, valuation of acquired intangible assets and goodwill and income taxes.
Adoption of new accounting pronouncements
In February 2016 and subsequently, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued new guidance which revises the accounting related to lessee accounting as part of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 842. Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for most operating leases. The new lease guidance also simplifies the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions primarily because lessees must recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. The Company adopted ASC 842 on January 1, 2019 utilizing the modified retrospective transition approach and did not restate comparative periods. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allows it to carry forward its historical lease classification, its determination regarding whether a contract contains a lease and any initial indirect costs that had existed prior to the adoption of this new standard. The Company also elected to combine both lease and non-lease components and elected for all short leases with a term of less than 12 months to not record a related operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liability on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company recognized $92 million of operating lease right-of-use assets, $18 million in short-term operating lease liabilities and $87 million of long-term operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet upon adoption of the new standard. The operating lease liabilities were determined based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments and the operating lease right-of-use asset was determined based on the value of the lease liabilities, adjusted for deferred rent balances of $13 million, which were previously included in accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities.
Accounting pronouncements issued but not adopted
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), which addresses the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate due to the enactment of the December 22, 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on items within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The Company has elected not to adopt this guidance as there would have been no significant effect of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles- Goodwill and Other- Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The guidance will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2020 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.



I-9
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

(2) Television Distribution Rights, Net
Television distribution rights consisted of the following:
(in millions)
September 30, 2019

December 31, 2018

Television distribution rights
$
755

723

Less accumulated amortization
(586
)
(583
)
Television distribution rights, net
$
169

140

The Company recorded amortization expense of $33 million and $23 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to television distribution rights. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, amortization expense for television distribution rights was $99 million and $55 million, respectively.
As of September 30, 2019, related amortization expense for each of the next five years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
Remainder of 2019
$
33

2020
119

2021
15

2022
2

2023
—

(3) Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were as follows:
(in millions)
QxH

QVC-International

Total

Balance as of December 31, 2018
$
5,112

860

5,972

Exchange rate fluctuations
—

(18
)
(18
)
Balance as of September 30, 2019
$
5,112

842

5,954

(4) Other Intangible Assets, Net
Other intangible assets consisted of the following:
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
(in millions)
Gross
cost

Accumulated
amortization

Other intangible assets, net

Gross
cost

Accumulated
amortization

Other intangible assets, net

Purchased and internally developed software
$
962

(686
)
276

890

(640
)
250

Affiliate and customer relationships
2,823

(2,480
)
343

2,831

(2,450
)
381

Debt origination fees
10

(2
)
8

10

—

10

Trademarks (indefinite life)
3,025

—

3,025

3,025

—

3,025


$
6,820

(3,168
)
3,652

6,756

(3,090
)
3,666

The Company recorded amortization expense of $36 million and $42 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to other intangible assets. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, amortization expense for other intangible assets was $112 million and $121 million, respectively.


I-10
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

As of September 30, 2019, the related amortization and interest expense for each of the next five years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
Remainder of 2019
$
44

2020
149

2021
125

2022
90

2023
64

(5) Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:
(in millions)
September 30, 2019

December 31, 2018

Accounts payable non-trade
$
304

314

Allowance for sales returns
161

242

Accrued compensation and benefits
111

146

Sales and other taxes
67

101

Operating lease liabilities
34

—

Accrued interest
32

58

Income taxes
26

37

Deferred revenue
24

24

Accrued cable distribution fees
9

39

Other
67

65

 
$
835

1,026

(6) Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Obligations
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations consisted of the following:
(in millions)
September 30, 2019

December 31, 2018

3.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2019, net of original issue discount
$
—

399

5.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2022
500

500

4.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2023, net of original issue discount
750

750

4.85% Senior Secured Notes due 2024, net of original issue discount
600

600

4.45% Senior Secured Notes due 2025, net of original issue discount
599

599

5.45% Senior Secured Notes due 2034, net of original issue discount
399

399

5.95% Senior Secured Notes due 2043, net of original issue discount
300

300

6.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2067
225

225

Senior secured credit facility
1,615

1,185

Finance lease obligations
169

188

Less debt issuance costs, net
(24
)
(25
)
Total debt and finance lease obligations
5,133

5,120

Less current portion
(18
)
(421
)
Long-term portion of debt and finance lease obligations
$
5,115

4,699



I-11
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

Senior Secured Notes
All of QVC's senior secured notes are secured by the capital stock of QVC and certain of its subsidiaries and have equal priority to the senior secured credit facility. With exception of the notes in the following paragraph, the interest on QVC's senior secured notes is payable semi-annually. The 3.125% senior secured notes due 2019 were repaid in April 2019.
In September 2018, QVC completed a registered debt offering for $225 million of 6.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2067 (the "2067 Notes") at par. The proceeds were used to partially repay existing indebtedness under QVC's senior secured credit facility and for general corporate purposes. The costs to complete the financing were deferred and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2067 Notes. Interest on the 2067 Notes is paid quarterly in March, June, September and December. QVC has the option to call the 2067 Notes after 5 years at par value.
Senior Secured Credit Facility
On December 31, 2018, QVC entered into the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with Zulily as borrowers (collectively, the “Borrowers”) which is a multi-currency facility that provides for a $3.65 billion revolving credit facility with a $450 million sub-limit for standby letters of credit and $1.5 billion of uncommitted incremental revolving loan commitments or incremental term loans. The Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement includes a $400 million tranche that may be borrowed by the Company or Zulily with a $50 million sub-limit for standby letters of credit (see note 1). The remaining $3.25 billion and any incremental loans may be borrowed only by the Company. Borrowings that are alternate base rate loans will bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the base rate plus a margin that varies between 0.25% and 0.75% depending on the Borrowers’ combined ratio of Consolidated Total Debt to Consolidated EBITDA for the most recent four fiscal quarter period (the “Combined Consolidated Leverage Ratio”). Borrowings that are London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") loans will bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the applicable LIBOR rate plus a margin that varies between 1.25% and 1.75% depending on the Borrowers’ Combined Consolidated Leverage Ratio. Each loan may be prepaid at any time and from time to time without penalty other than customary breakage costs. No mandatory prepayments will be required other than when borrowings and letter of credit usage exceed availability; provided that, if Zulily ceases to be controlled by Qurate Retail, all of its loans must be repaid and its letters of credit cash collateralized. The facility matures on December 31, 2023. Payment of loans may be accelerated following certain customary events of default.
QVC had $1.9 billion available under the terms of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2019, including the portion available under the $400 million tranche that Zulily may also borrow on. The interest rate on the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement was 3.4% as of September 30, 2019.
The payment and performance of the Borrowers’ obligations under the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are guaranteed by each of QVC’s Material Domestic Subsidiaries (as defined in the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement). Further, the borrowings under the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are secured, pari passu with QVC’s existing notes, by a pledge of all of QVC’s equity interests. The payment and performance of the Borrowers’ obligations with respect to the $400 million tranche available to both QVC and Zulily are also guaranteed by each of Zulily’s Material Domestic Subsidiaries (as defined in the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement), if any, and are secured by a pledge of all of Zulily’s equity interests.
The Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains certain affirmative and negative covenants, including certain restrictions on the Company and Zulily and each of their respective restricted subsidiaries (subject to certain exceptions) with respect to, among other things: incurring additional indebtedness; creating liens on property or assets; making certain loans or investments; selling or disposing of assets; paying certain dividends and other restricted payments; dissolving, consolidating or merging; entering into certain transactions with affiliates; entering into sale or leaseback transactions; restricting subsidiary distributions; and limiting the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio and the Borrowers’ Combined Consolidated Leverage Ratio.


I-12
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

Interest Rate Swap Arrangements
During the year ended December 31, 2016, QVC entered into a three-year interest rate swap arrangement with a notional amount of $125 million to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with interest payments related to its variable rate debt. The swap arrangement did not qualify as a cash flow hedge under U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of the swap are reflected in losses on financial instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The swap arrangement expired in June 2019. In July 2019, the Company entered into a three-year interest swap arrangement with a notional amount of $125 million. The swap arrangement did not qualify as a cash flow hedge under U.S. GAAP and the fair value of the swap instrument was in a net liability position of $1 million as of September 30, 2019, which was included in other long-term liabilities.
On December 31, 2018, QVC entered into a thirteen month interest rate swap arrangement that effectively converted $250 million of its variable rate bank credit facility to a fixed rate of 1.05% with a maturity date in January 2020. The swap instrument does not qualify as a cash flow hedge and the fair value of the swap instrument was in a net asset position of $1 million as of September 30, 2019, which was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Changes in the fair value of the swap are reflected in losses on financial instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Other Debt Related Information
QVC was in compliance with all of its debt covenants as of September 30, 2019.
The weighted average interest rate applicable to all of the outstanding debt (excluding finance leases) prior to amortization of bond discounts and related debt issuance costs was 4.5% as of September 30, 2019.
(7) Leases
The Company has finance lease agreements with transponder and transmitter network suppliers for the right to transmit its signals in the U.S. and Germany. The Company is also party to a finance lease agreement for data processing hardware and a warehouse.
QVC also leases data processing equipment, facilities, office space and land. These leases are classified as operating leases. Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future lease payments using our incremental borrowing rate. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Our leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to 15 years, some of which may include the option to extend or terminate the leases.
The components of lease cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, were as follows:

Three months ended

Nine months ended

(in millions)
September 30, 2019

September 30, 2019

Finance lease cost
 
 
     Depreciation of leased assets
$
6

16

     Interest on lease liabilities
2

6

Total finance lease cost
8

22

Operating lease cost
8

22

     Total lease cost
$
16

44

For the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded depreciation expense on finance leases (previously referred to as capital leases) of $4 million and recorded operating lease expenses of $8 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 the Company recorded depreciation expense on finance leases (previously referred to as capital leases) of $12 million and recorded operating lease expenses of $26 million.


I-13
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

The remaining weighted-average lease term and the weighted-average discount rate were as follows:

September 30, 2019

Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):

     Finance leases
9.6

     Operating leases
12.7

Weighted-average discount rate:

     Finance leases
5.0
%
     Operating leases
6.0
%
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:
(in millions)
September 30, 2019

Operating Leases:


  Operating lease right-of-use assets
$
218

  Accrued liabilities
$
34

  Other long-term liabilities
193

      Total operating lease liabilities
$
227

Finance Leases:

   Property and equipment
$
271

   Accumulated depreciation
(130
)
     Property and equipment, net
$
141

   Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations
$
18

   Long-term portion of debt and finance lease obligations
151

     Total finance lease liabilities
$
169



I-14
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

Nine months ended

(in millions)
September 30, 2019

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:


     Operating cash flows from operating lease
$
18

     Operating cash flows from finance leases
6

     Financing cash flows from finance leases
17

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:


      Operating leases
150

      Finance leases
$
—

Future payments under noncancelable operating leases and finance leases with initial terms of one year or more as of September 30, 2019 consisted of the following:
(in millions)
Finance leases

Operating leases

Total leases

Remainder of 2019
$
7

20

27

2020
25

36

61

2021
24

26

50

2022
23

23

46

2023
22

21

43

Thereafter
116

210

326

Total lease payments
217

336

553

Less: imputed interest
(48
)
(109
)
(157
)
Total lease liabilities
$
169

227

396

On July 2, 2015, QVC entered into a lease (the “Lease”) for a California distribution center. Pursuant to the Lease, the landlord built an approximately 1 million square foot rental building in Ontario, California (the “Premises”), and thereafter leased the Premises to QVC as its California distribution center for an initial term of 15 years. Under the Lease, QVC was required to pay an initial base rent of approximately $6 million per year, increasing to approximately $8 million per year by the final year of the initial term, as well as all real estate taxes and other building operating costs. QVC also had an option to extend the term of the Lease for up to two consecutive terms of 10 years each.
The Company concluded that it was the deemed owner (for accounting purposes only) of the Premises during the construction period under build to suit lease accounting. Upon opening the distribution center, the Company evaluated whether the Lease met the criteria for "sale-leaseback" treatment under U.S. GAAP and concluded that it did not and therefore treated the Lease as a financing obligation and lease payments were attributed to: (1) a reduction of the principal financing obligation; (2) imputed interest expense; and (3) land lease expense representing an imputed cost to lease the underlying land of the Premises.
In August 2018, QVC exercised the right to purchase the Premises and related land from the landlord by entering into an amended and restated agreement ("New Lease"). QVC made an initial payment of $10 million and will make annual payments of $12 million over a term of 13 years. The Company classifies the New Lease within finance lease obligations and lease payments are attributed to: (1) a reduction of the principal obligation and (2) imputed interest expense. In connection with the New Lease, QVC capitalized the related land at fair market value while the building asset is currently being depreciated over its estimated useful life of 20 years.


I-15
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

On October 5, 2018, QVC entered into a lease (“ECDC Lease”) for an East Coast distribution center. The 1.7 million square foot rental building is located in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania and will be leased to QVC for an initial term of 15 years. QVC obtained initial access to a portion of the ECDC Lease during March 2019 and obtained access to the remaining portion during September 2019. In total, QVC recorded a right of use asset of $141 million and an operating lease liability of $131 million relating to the ECDC Lease, with the difference attributable to prepaid rent. QVC is required to pay an initial base rent of approximately $10 million per year, with payments that began in the third quarter of 2019 and increasing to approximately $14 million per year, as well as all real estate taxes and other building operating costs. QVC also has the option to extend the term of the ECDC Lease for up to two consecutive terms of 5 years each and one final term of 4 years.

(8) Revenue

Disaggregated revenue by segment and product category consisted of the following:

 
Three months ended September 30, 2019
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2019
 
(in millions)
QxH

QVC-International

Total

QxH

QVC-International

Total

Home
$
668

236

904

2,002

714

2,716

Beauty
303

161

464

912

462

1,374

Apparel
334

107

441

1,004

327

1,331

Accessories
199

63

262

666

190

856

Electronics
207

21

228

561

68

629

Jewelry
97

59

156

302

161

463

Other revenue
46

3

49

138

12

150

Total net revenue
$
1,854

650

2,504

5,585

1,934

7,519


 
Three months ended September 30, 2018
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2018
 
(in millions)
QxH

QVC-International

Total

QxH

QVC-International

Total

Home
$
713

235

948

2,090

730

2,820

Apparel
331

113

444

1,034

348

1,382

Beauty
294

148

442

916

450

1,366

Accessories
219

64

283

668

203

871

Electronics
207

26

233

543

74

617

Jewelry
117

51

168

362

154

516

Other revenue
48

3

51

142

13

155

Total net revenue
$
1,929

640

2,569

5,755

1,972

7,727


Consumer Product Revenue and Other Revenue

QVC's revenue includes sales of consumer products in the following categories; home, apparel, beauty, accessories, electronics and jewelry, which are primarily sold through live merchandise-focused televised shopping programs and via our websites and other interactive media.

Other revenue consists primarily of income generated from our Private Label Credit Card ("PLCC") program in which a large consumer financial services company provides revolving credit directly to QVC's customers for the sole purpose of purchasing merchandise or services with a PLCC. In return, the Company receives a portion of the net economics of the credit card program.



I-16
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

Revenue Recognition

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, revenue is recognized when obligations with our customer are satisfied; generally this occurs at the time of shipment to our customers consistent with when control of the shipped product passes. The recognized revenue reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods, net of allowances for returns.

The Company generally recognizes revenue related to the PLCC program over time as the PLCC is used by QVC's customers.

Sales, value add, use and other taxes the Company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue.

The Company has elected to treat shipping and handling activities that occur after the customer obtains control of the goods as a fulfillment cost and not as a promised good or service. Accordingly, the Company accrues the related shipping costs and recognizes revenue upon delivery of the goods to the shipping carrier. In electing this accounting policy, all shipping and handling activities will be treated as fulfillment costs.

The Company generally has payment terms with its customers of one year or less and has elected the practical expedient applicable to such contracts not to consider the time value of money.

Significant Judgments

Our products are generally sold with a right of return and we may provide other credits or incentives, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the amount of revenue to recognize. Returns and credits are estimated at contract inception and updated at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available. The Company has determined that it is generally the principal in vendor arrangements as the Company can establish control over the goods prior to shipment. Accordingly, the Company records revenue for these arrangements on a gross basis.

(9) Income Taxes
The Company calculates its interim income tax provision by applying its best estimate of the annual expected effective tax rate to its ordinary year-to-date income or loss. The tax or benefit related to significant, unusual or extraordinary items that will be separately reported or reported net of their related tax effect are individually computed and recognized in the interim period in which those items occur.
The computation of the annual estimated effective tax rate at each interim period requires certain estimates and significant judgment including, but not limited to, the expected operating income for the year, projections of the proportion of income earned and taxed in foreign jurisdictions, permanent and temporary differences as a result of differences between amounts measured and recognized in accordance with tax laws and financial accounting standards, and the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, additional information is obtained or as the tax environment changes. To the extent that the estimated annual effective tax rate changes during a quarter, the effect of the change on the prior quarters is included in the tax expense for the current quarter.
For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a tax provision of $79 million and $71 million, respectively, which represented an effective tax rate of 29.6% and 28.2%, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a tax provision of $238 million and $229 million, respectively, which represented an effective tax rate of 28.7% and 26.4%, respectively. The 2019 rate differs from the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% due primarily to state and foreign tax expenses and valuation allowances established for foreign net operating losses and excess U.S. foreign tax credits. The 2019 effective tax rate has increased from the prior year for both periods presented primarily due to an increase in state accruals and additional valuation allowances on foreign net operating losses and foreign tax credits in the current year.
The Company participates in a consolidated federal return filing with Qurate Retail. As of September 30, 2019, the Company's tax years through 2015 are closed for federal income tax purposes, and the IRS has completed its examination of


I-17
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

the Company's 2016 and 2017 tax years. The Company's 2018 and 2019 tax years are being examined currently as part of the Qurate Retail consolidated return under the IRS's Compliance Assurance Process program. The Company, or one of its subsidiaries, files income tax returns in various states and foreign jurisdictions. As of September 30, 2019, the Company was under examination in the states of Florida, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin and certain of the Company's subsidiaries were under examination in Germany.
The Company is a party to a Tax Liability Allocation and Indemnification Agreement (the “Tax Agreement”) with Qurate Retail. The Tax Agreement establishes the methodology for the calculation and payment of income taxes in connection with the consolidation of the Company with Qurate Retail for income tax purposes. Generally, the Tax Agreement provides that the Company will pay Qurate Retail an amount equal to the tax liability, if any, that it would have if it were to file as a consolidated group separate and apart from Qurate Retail, with exceptions for the treatment and timing of certain items, including but not limited to deferred intercompany transactions, credits, and net operating and capital losses. To the extent that the separate company tax expense is different from the payment terms of the Tax Agreement, the difference is recorded as either a dividend or capital contribution.
The amounts of the tax-related balances due to Qurate Retail as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were $5 million and $26 million, respectively, and were included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(10) Commitments and Contingencies
The Company has contingent liabilities related to legal and tax proceedings and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Although it is reasonably possible the Company may incur losses upon conclusion of such matters, an estimate of any loss or range of loss cannot be made. In the opinion of management, it is expected that the amounts, if any, which may be required to satisfy such contingencies will not be material in relation to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Network and information systems, including the Internet and telecommunication systems, third party delivery services and other technologies are critical to QVC's business activities. Substantially all of QVC's customer orders, fulfillment and delivery services are dependent upon the use of network and information systems, including the use of third party telecommunication and delivery service providers. If information systems including the Internet or telecommunication services are disrupted, or if the third party delivery services experience a disruption in their transportation delivery services, the Company could face a significant disruption in fulfilling QVC's customer orders and shipment of QVC's products. The Company has active disaster recovery programs in place to help mitigate risks associated with these critical business activities.
(11) Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
For assets and liabilities required to be reported or disclosed at fair value, U.S. GAAP provides a hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs, other than quoted market prices included within Level 1, are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.


I-18
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

The Company's assets and liabilities measured or disclosed at fair value were as follows:
 
 
Fair value measurements at September 30, 2019 using
 
(in millions)
Total

Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical
assets
(Level 1)

Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)

Current assets:
 
 
 
 
    Cash equivalents
$
300

300

—

—

    Interest rate swap arrangements (note 6)
1

—

1

—

Long-term liabilities:
 
 
 
 
    Debt (note 6)
5,120

239

4,881

—

    Interest rate swap arrangements (note 6)
1

—

1

—



Fair value measurements at December 31, 2018 using
 
(in millions)
Total

Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical
assets
(Level 1)

Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)

Current assets:




    Cash equivalents
$
267

267

—

—

    Interest rate swap arrangements (note 6)
5

—

5

—

Debt (note 6)
4,758

189

4,569

—

The 2067 Notes (ticker: QVCD) are considered Level 1 fair value instruments as reported in the foregoing tables as they are traded on the New York Stock Exchange, which the Company considers to be an "active market," as defined by U.S. GAAP. The remainder of the Company's Level 2 financial liabilities are debt instruments with quoted market prices that are not considered to be traded on "active markets." Accordingly, these financial instruments are reported in the foregoing tables as Level 2 fair value instruments.


I-19
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

(12) Information about QVC's Operating Segments
The Company evaluates performance and makes decisions about allocating resources to its operating segments based on financial measures such as net revenue, Adjusted OIBDA, gross margin, average sales price per unit, number of units shipped and revenue or sales per subscriber equivalent. For segment reporting purposes, the Company defines Adjusted OIBDA, as net revenue less cost of goods sold, operating expenses, and selling, general and administrative expenses (excluding restructuring, integration and advisory fees incurred by QVC as a result of the acquisition of HSN by Qurate Retail on December 29, 2017 as well as the closure of the France market ("transaction related costs") and stock-based compensation). The Company believes this measure is an important indicator of the operational strength and performance of its segments by identifying those items that are not directly a reflection of each segment's performance or indicative of ongoing business trends. In addition, this measure allows management to view operating results and perform analytical comparisons and benchmarking among the Company's businesses and identify strategies to improve performance. This measure of performance excludes depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation and transaction related costs that are included in the measurement of operating income pursuant to U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, Adjusted OIBDA should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for, operating income, net income, cash flow provided by operating activities and other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
QVC's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is QVC's Chief Executive Officer. QVC's CODM has ultimate responsibility for enterprise decisions. QVC's CODM determines, in particular, resource allocation for, and monitors performance of, the consolidated enterprise. The segment managers have responsibility for operating decisions, allocating resources and assessing performance within their respective segments. QVC's CODM relies on internal management reporting that analyzes enterprise results and segment results to the Adjusted OIBDA level (see below).
During the first quarter of 2019, the Company changed its reportable operating segments to combine QVC-U.S. and HSN into one reportable segment called QxH and presented prior period information to conform with this change. As a result of the QRG Initiatives and additional synergies between QVC-U.S. and HSN, the CODM began reviewing the QVC-U.S. and HSN information as one business unit during the first quarter.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, QVC has identified QxH and QVC-International as its two reportable segments. Both operating segments are retailers of a wide range of consumer products, which are marketed and sold primarily by merchandise-focused televised-shopping programs as well as via the Internet and mobile applications in certain markets.
Performance measures

Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 

2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
(in millions)
Net
revenue

Adjusted
OIBDA

Net
revenue

Adjusted
OIBDA

Net
revenue

Adjusted
OIBDA

Net
revenue

Adjusted
OIBDA

QxH
$
1,854

346

1,929

371

5,585

1,093

5,755

1,141

QVC-International
650

106

640

93

1,934

313

1,972

300

   Consolidated QVC
$
2,504

452

2,569

464

7,519

1,406

7,727

1,441

Other information

Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 

2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
(in millions)
Depreciation

Amortization

Depreciation

Amortization

Depreciation

Amortization

Depreciation

Amortization

QxH
$
29

65

29

63

85

201

88

168

QVC-International
14

4

14

2

58

10

42

8

Consolidated QVC
$
43

69

43

65

143

211

130

176



I-20
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)


September 30, 2019
 
(in millions)
Total
assets

Capital
expenditures

Property and equipment, net

QxH
$
12,472

202

778

QVC-International
2,160

23

401

Consolidated QVC
$
14,632

225

1,179

The following table provides a reconciliation of Adjusted OIBDA to operating income and income before income taxes:

Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
(in millions)
2019

2018

2019

2018

Adjusted OIBDA
$
452

464

1,406

1,441

Transaction related costs
—

(41
)
(1
)
(50
)
Stock-based compensation
(10
)
(10
)
(30
)
(34
)
Depreciation and amortization
(112
)
(108
)
(354
)
(306
)
Operating income
330

305

1,021

1,051

Equity in losses of investee
—

(1
)
(1
)
(2
)
Losses on financial instruments
(2
)
(1
)
(5
)
—

Interest expense, net
(61
)
(50
)
(182
)
(183
)
Foreign currency loss
—

(1
)
(3
)
—

Income before income taxes
$
267

252

830

866

(13) Other Comprehensive Income
The change in the component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes ("AOCL"), is summarized as follows:
(in millions)
Foreign currency translation adjustments

AOCL

Balance at January 1, 2019
$
(144
)
(144
)
Other comprehensive loss attributable to QVC, Inc. stockholder
(30
)
(30
)
Balance at September 30, 2019
(174
)
(174
)
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2018
$
(93
)
(93
)
Other comprehensive loss attributable to QVC, Inc. stockholder
(47
)
(47
)
Balance at September 30, 2018
(140
)
(140
)


I-21
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

The component of other comprehensive income is reflected in QVC's condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income, net of taxes. The following table summarizes the tax effects related to the component of other comprehensive loss:
(in millions)
Before-tax amount

Tax expense

Net-of-tax amount

Three months ended September 30, 2019



Foreign currency translation adjustments
$
(37
)
1

(36
)
Other comprehensive loss
(37
)
1

(36
)




Three months ended September 30, 2018



Foreign currency translation adjustments
$
(21
)
(1
)
(22
)
Other comprehensive loss
(21
)
(1
)
(22
)




Nine months ended September 30, 2019



Foreign currency translation adjustments
$
(29
)
1

(28
)
Other comprehensive loss
(29
)
1

(28
)




Nine months ended September 30, 2018



Foreign currency translation adjustments
$
(47
)
(1
)
(48
)
Other comprehensive loss
(47
)
(1
)
(48
)
(14) Subsequent Event
Subsequent to September 30, 2019, QVC declared and paid dividends to Qurate Retail in the amount of $120 million.



I-22
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

(15) Guarantor/Non-guarantor Subsidiary Financial Information
The following information contains the condensed consolidating financial statements for the Company, the parent on a stand-alone basis (QVC, Inc.), the combined subsidiary guarantors (Affiliate Relations Holdings, Inc.; Affiliate Investment, Inc.; AMI 2, Inc.; ER Marks, Inc.; QVC Rocky Mount, Inc.; QVC San Antonio, LLC; QVC Global Holdings I, Inc.; and QVC Global Holdings II, Inc.) and the combined non-guarantor subsidiaries pursuant to Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X.
In connection with the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (refer to Note 6) on December 31, 2018, the following subsidiaries became part of the combined subsidiary guarantors: QVC Deutschland GP, Inc.; HSN, Inc.; HSNi, LLC; HSN Holding LLC; AST Sub, Inc.; Home Shopping Network En Espanol, L.P.; Home Shopping Network En Espanol, L.L.C; H.O.T. Networks Holdings (Delaware) LLC; HSN of Nevada LLC; Ingenious Designs LLC; NLG Merger Corp.; Ventana Television, Inc. and Ventana Television Holdings, Inc. The Company has shown all of the subsidiaries of our HSN segment as combined subsidiary guarantors as of December 29, 2017, the date on which HSN became a subsidiary of QVC through a common control transaction with Qurate Retail.
These condensed consolidating financial statements have been prepared from the Company's financial information on the same basis of accounting as the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements. The principal elimination entries relate to investments in subsidiaries and intercompany balances and transactions, such as management fees, royalty revenue and expense, interest income and expense and gains on intercompany asset transfers. Goodwill and other intangible assets have been allocated to the subsidiaries based on management’s estimates. Certain costs have been partially allocated to all of the subsidiaries of the Company.
The subsidiary guarantors are 100% owned by the Company. All guarantees are full and unconditional and are joint and several. There are no significant restrictions on the ability of the Company to obtain funds from its U.S. subsidiaries, including the guarantors, by dividend or loan. The Company has not presented separate notes and other disclosures concerning the subsidiary guarantors as the Company has determined that such material information is available in the notes to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.


I-23
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)


Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
September 30, 2019
 
(in millions)
Parent
issuer-
QVC, Inc.

Combined
subsidiary
guarantors

Combined
non-guarantor
subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated-
QVC, Inc. and
subsidiaries

Assets
Current assets:





Cash and cash equivalents
$
31

263

257

—

551

Restricted cash
5

—

3

—

8

Accounts receivable, net
733

198

287

—

1,218

Inventories
870

274

295

—

1,439

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
66

18

51

—

135

Total current assets
1,705

753

893

—

3,351

Property and equipment, net
266

237

676

—

1,179

Operating lease right-of-use assets
3

17

198

—

218

Television distribution rights, net
—

168

1

—

169

Goodwill
4,190

922

842

—

5,954

Other intangible assets, net
553

3,072

27

—

3,652

Other noncurrent assets
17

10

82

—

109

Investments in subsidiaries
5,819

962

—

(6,781
)
—

Total assets
$
12,553

6,141

2,719

(6,781
)
14,632

Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities:





Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations
$
3

1

14

—

18

Accounts payable-trade
490

132

246

—

868

Accrued liabilities
173

357

305

—

835

Intercompany accounts payable (receivable)
110

(1,290
)
1,180

—

—

Total current liabilities
776

(800
)
1,745

—

1,721

Long-term portion of debt and finance lease obligations
4,972

6

137

—

5,115

Deferred income taxes
68

686

(27
)
—

727

Other long-term liabilities
141

21

188

—

350

Total liabilities
5,957

(87
)
2,043

—

7,913

Equity:





QVC, Inc. stockholder's equity
6,596

6,228

553

(6,781
)
6,596

Noncontrolling interest
—

—

123

—

123

Total equity
6,596

6,228

676

(6,781
)
6,719

Total liabilities and equity
$
12,553

6,141

2,719

(6,781
)
14,632



I-24
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
December 31, 2018
 
(in millions)
Parent
issuer-
QVC, Inc.

Combined
subsidiary
guarantors

Combined
non-guarantor
subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated-
QVC, Inc. and
subsidiaries

Assets
Current assets:





Cash and cash equivalents
$
73

192

278

—

543

Restricted cash
5

—

2

—

7

Accounts receivable, net
1,166

307

314

—

1,787

Inventories
725

310

245

—

1,280

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
95

73

48

—

216

Total current assets
2,064

882

887

—

3,833

Property and equipment, net
281

213

671

—

1,165

Television distribution rights, net
—

139

1

—

140

Goodwill
4,190

922

860

—

5,972

Other intangible assets, net
529

3,116

21

—

3,666

Other noncurrent assets
8

20

52

—

80

Investments in subsidiaries
5,523

885

—

(6,408
)
—

Total assets
$
12,595

6,177

2,492

(6,408
)
14,856

Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities:





Current portion of debt and capital lease obligations
$
403

1

17

—

421

Accounts payable-trade
494

201

313

—

1,008

Accrued liabilities
358

394

274

—

1,026

Intercompany accounts (receivable) payable
(95
)
(1,015
)
1,110

—

—

Total current liabilities
1,160

(419
)
1,714

—

2,455

Long-term portion of debt and capital lease obligations
4,540

6

153

—

4,699

Deferred income taxes
63

695

(58
)
—

700

Other long-term liabilities
122

34

17

—

173

Total liabilities
5,885

316

1,826

—

8,027

Equity:





QVC, Inc. stockholder's equity
6,710

5,861

547

(6,408
)
6,710

Noncontrolling interest
—

—

119

—

119

Total equity
6,710

5,861

666

(6,408
)
6,829

Total liabilities and equity
$
12,595

6,177

2,492

(6,408
)
14,856



I-25
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)


Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations
Three months ended September 30, 2019
 
(in millions)
Parent
issuer-
QVC, Inc.

Combined
subsidiary
guarantors

Combined
non-guarantor
subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated-
QVC, Inc. and
subsidiaries

Net revenue
$
1,389

707

705

(297
)
2,504

Operating costs and expenses
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)
855

359

441

(40
)
1,615

Operating
100

99

71

(89
)
181

Selling, general and administrative, including transaction related costs and stock-based compensation
279

52

103

(168
)
266

Depreciation
16

8

19

—

43

Amortization
17

50

2

—

69


1,267

568

636

(297
)
2,174

Operating income
122

139

69

—

330

Other (expense) income:





Losses on financial instruments
(2
)
—

—

—

(2
)
Interest (expense) income, net
(59
)
1

(3
)
—

(61
)
Foreign currency gain (loss)
2

—

(2
)
—

—

Intercompany interest income (expense)
6

11

(17
)
—

—


(53
)
12

(22
)
—

(63
)
Income before income taxes
69

151

47

—

267

Income tax expense
(25
)
(32
)
(22
)
—

(79
)
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries, net of tax
144

10

—

(154
)
—

Net income
188

129

25

(154
)
188

Less net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest
(14
)
—

(14
)
14

(14
)
Net income attributable to QVC, Inc. stockholder
$
174

129

11

(140
)
174



I-26
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)


Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations
Three months ended September 30, 2018
 
(in millions)
Parent
issuer-
QVC, Inc.

Combined
subsidiary
guarantors

Combined
non-guarantor
subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated-
QVC, Inc. and
subsidiaries

Net revenue
$
1,459

744

701

(335
)
2,569

Operating costs and expenses
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)
879

375

431

(48
)
1,637

Operating
109

132

70

(103
)
208

Selling, general and administrative, including transaction related costs and stock-based compensation
303

76

116

(184
)
311

Depreciation
16

9

18

—

43

Amortization
21

41

3

—

65


1,328

633

638

(335
)
2,264

Operating income
131

111

63

—

305

Other (expense) income:
 
 
 
 
 
Equity in losses of investee
—

—

(1
)
—

(1
)
Loss on financial instruments
—

(1
)
—

—

(1
)
Interest (expense) income, net
(57
)
8

(1
)
—

(50
)
Foreign currency loss
—

—

(1
)
—

(1
)
Intercompany interest (expense) income
(8
)
38

(30
)
—

—


(65
)
45

(33
)
—

(53
)
Income before income taxes
66

156

30

—

252

Income tax expense
(27
)
(31
)
(13
)
—

(71
)
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries, net of tax
142

4

—

(146
)
—

Net income
181

129

17

(146
)
181

Less net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest
(11
)
—

(11
)
11

(11
)
Net income attributable to QVC, Inc. stockholder
$
170

129

6

(135
)
170




I-27
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)


Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations
Nine months ended September 30, 2019
 
(in millions)
Parent
issuer-
QVC, Inc.

Combined
subsidiary
guarantors

Combined
non-guarantor
subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated-
QVC, Inc. and
subsidiaries

Net revenue
$
4,199

2,115

2,095

(890
)
7,519

Operating costs and expenses










Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)
2,547

1,074

1,292

(110
)
4,803

Operating
304

291

208

(266
)
537

Selling, general and administrative, including transaction related costs and stock-based compensation
838

151

329

(514
)
804

Depreciation
47

26

70

—

143

Amortization
54

148

9

—

211


3,790

1,690

1,908

(890
)
6,498

Operating income
409

425

187

—

1,021

Other (expense) income:





Equity in losses of investee
—

—

(1
)
—

(1
)
Losses on financial instruments
(5
)
—

—

—

(5
)
Interest (expense) income, net
(179
)
3

(6
)
—

(182
)
Foreign currency gain (loss)
1

—

(4
)
—

(3
)
Intercompany interest income (expense)
22

29

(51
)
—

—


(161
)
32

(62
)
—

(191
)
Income before income taxes
248

457

125

—

830

Income tax expense
(83
)
(89
)
(66
)
—

(238
)
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries, net of tax
427

15

—

(442
)
—

Net income
592

383

59

(442
)
592

Less net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest
(36
)
—

(36
)
36

(36
)
Net income attributable to QVC, Inc. stockholder
$
556

383

23

(406
)
556










I-28
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)



Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations
Nine months ended September 30, 2018
 
(in millions)
Parent
issuer-
QVC, Inc.

Combined
subsidiary
guarantors

Combined
non-guarantor
subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated-
QVC, Inc. and
subsidiaries

Net revenue
$
4,374

2,167

2,133

(947
)
7,727

Operating costs and expenses










Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)
2,615

1,081

1,311

(125
)
4,882

Operating
308

381

214

(273
)
630

Selling, general and administrative, including transaction related costs and stock-based compensation
855

207

345

(549
)
858

Depreciation
49

27

54

—

130

Amortization
60

108

8

—

176


3,887

1,804

1,932

(947
)
6,676

Operating income
487

363

201

—

1,051

Other (expense) income:





Equity in losses of investee
—

—

(2
)
—

(2
)
Interest expense, net
(171
)
(9
)
(3
)
—

(183
)
Foreign currency gain (loss)
2

—

(2
)
—

—

Intercompany interest (expense) income
(23
)
114

(91
)
—

—


(192
)
105

(98
)
—

(185
)
Income before income taxes
295

468

103

—

866

Income tax expense
(87
)
(93
)
(49
)
—

(229
)
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries, net of tax
429

38

—

(467
)
—

Net income
637

413

54

(467
)
637

Less net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest
(33
)
—

(33
)
33

(33
)
Net income attributable to QVC, Inc. stockholder
$
604

413

21

(434
)
604




I-29
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)


Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
Three months ended September 30, 2019
 
(in millions)
Parent
issuer-
QVC, Inc.

Combined
subsidiary
guarantors

Combined
non-guarantor
subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated-
QVC, Inc. and
subsidiaries

Net income
$
188

129

25

(154
)
188

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
(36
)
—

(36
)
36

(36
)
Total comprehensive income
152

129

(11
)
(118
)
152

Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest
(13
)
—

(13
)
13

(13
)
Comprehensive income attributable to QVC, Inc. stockholder
$
139

129

(24
)
(105
)
139

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
Three months ended September 30, 2018
 
(in millions)
Parent
issuer-
QVC, Inc.

Combined
subsidiary
guarantors

Combined
non-guarantor
subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated-
QVC, Inc. and
subsidiaries

Net income
$
181

129

17

(146
)
181

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
(22
)
—

(22
)
22

(22
)
Total comprehensive income
159

129

(5
)
(124
)
159

Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest
(8
)
—

(8
)
8

(8
)
Comprehensive income attributable to QVC, Inc. stockholder
$
151

129

(13
)
(116
)
151









I-30
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
Nine months ended September 30, 2019
 
(in millions)
Parent
issuer-
QVC, Inc.

Combined
subsidiary
guarantors

Combined
non-guarantor
subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated-
QVC, Inc. and
subsidiaries

Net income
$
592

383

59

(442
)
592

Foreign currency translation adjustments
(28
)
—

(28
)
28

(28
)
Total comprehensive income
564

383

31

(414
)
564

Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest
(38
)
—

(38
)
38

(38
)
Comprehensive income attributable to QVC, Inc. stockholder
$
526

383

(7
)
(376
)
526

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
Nine months ended September 30, 2018
 
(in millions)
Parent
issuer-
QVC, Inc.

Combined
subsidiary
guarantors

Combined
non-guarantor
subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated-
QVC, Inc. and
subsidiaries

Net income
$
637

413

54

(467
)
637

Foreign currency translation adjustments
(48
)
—

(48
)
48

(48
)
Total comprehensive income
589

413

6

(419
)
589

Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest
(32
)
—

(32
)
32

(32
)
Comprehensive income attributable to QVC, Inc. stockholder
$
557

413

(26
)
(387
)
557













I-31
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)


Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
Nine months ended September 30, 2019
 
(in millions)
Parent
issuer-
QVC, Inc.

Combined
subsidiary
guarantors

Combined
non-guarantor
subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated-
QVC, Inc. and
subsidiaries

Operating activities:










Net cash provided by operating activities
$
429

573

16

—

1,018

Investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
(92
)
(47
)
(86
)
—

(225
)
Expenditures for television distribution rights
—

(128
)
—

—

(128
)
Changes in other noncurrent assets
(10
)
(1
)
2

—

(9
)
Other investing activities
—

29

—

—

29

Intercompany investing activities
77

(319
)
—

242

—

Net cash used in investing activities
(25
)
(466
)
(84
)
242

(333
)
Financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Principal payments of debt and finance lease obligations
(1,637
)
—

(11
)
—

(1,648
)
Principal borrowings of debt from senior secured credit facility
2,061

—

—

—

2,061

Principal repayment of senior secured notes
(400
)
—

—

—

(400
)
Capital contribution received from Qurate Retail, Inc.
50

—

—

—

50

Dividends paid to Qurate Retail, Inc.
(698
)
—

—

—

(698
)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest
—

—

(34
)
—

(34
)
Other financing activities
(4
)
—

—

—

(4
)
Net short-term intercompany debt borrowings (repayments)
205

(275
)
70

—

—

Other intercompany financing activities
(23
)
239

26

(242
)
—

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(446
)
(36
)
51

(242
)
(673
)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
—

—

(3
)
—

(3
)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(42
)
71

(20
)
—

9

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
78

192

280

—

550

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
$
36

263

260

—

559



I-32
QVC, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(unaudited)


Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
Nine months ended September 30, 2018
 
(in millions)
Parent
issuer-
QVC, Inc.

Combined
subsidiary
guarantors

Combined
non-guarantor
subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated-
QVC, Inc. and
subsidiaries

Operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
484

369

62

—

915

Investing activities:





Capital expenditures
(68
)
(14
)
(54
)
—

(136
)
Expenditures for television distribution rights
—

(119
)
(1
)
—

(120
)
Other investing activities
—

(25
)
—

—

(25
)
Changes in other noncurrent assets
2

—

(1
)
—

1

Intercompany investing activities
233

(552
)
—

319

—

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
167

(710
)
(56
)
319

(280
)
Financing activities:





Principal payments of debt and capital lease obligations
(2,277
)
(351
)
(8
)
—

(2,636
)
Principal borrowings of debt from senior secured credit facility
1,451

280

—

—

1,731

Proceeds from issuance of senior secured notes
225

—

—

—

225

Payment of debt origination fees
(8
)
—

—

—

(8
)
Capital contributions received from Qurate Retail, Inc.
340

180

—

—

520

Dividends paid to Qurate Retail, Inc.
(297
)
—

—

—

(297
)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest
—

—

(23
)
—

(23
)
Other financing activities
(10
)
(8
)
—

—

(18
)
Net short-term intercompany debt (repayments) borrowings
(15
)
(16
)
31

—

—

Other intercompany financing activities
(17
)
313

23

(319
)
—

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(608
)
398

23

(319
)
(506
)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
—

—

(2
)
—

(2
)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
43

57

27

—

127

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
7

55

228

—

290

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
$
50

112

255

—

417




I-33

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding our business, product and marketing strategies; QRG initiatives (defined below); revenue growth; remediation of material weaknesses; the recoverability of our goodwill and other long-lived assets; our projected sources and uses of cash and contractual obligations; interest rate swap arrangements; and the anticipated impact of certain contingent liabilities related to legal and tax proceedings and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Where, in any forward-looking statement, we express an expectation or belief as to future results or events, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis, but there can be no assurance that the expectation or belief will result or be achieved or accomplished. The following include some but not all of the factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated:
•
customer demand for our products and services and our ability to anticipate customer demand and to adapt to changes in demand;
•
competitor responses to our products and services;
•
increased digital TV penetration and the impact on channel positioning of our programs;
•
the levels of online traffic on our websites and our ability to convert visitors into consumers or contributors;
•
uncertainties inherent in the development and integration of new business lines and business strategies;
•
our future financial performance, including availability, terms and deployment of capital;
•
our ability to successfully integrate and recognize anticipated efficiencies and benefits from the businesses we acquire;
•
the cost and ability of shipping companies, suppliers and vendors to deliver products, equipment, software and services;
•
the outcome of any pending or threatened litigation;
•
availability of qualified personnel;
•
changes in, or failure or inability to comply with, government regulations, including, without limitation, regulations of the Federal Communications Commission, and adverse outcomes from regulatory proceedings;
•
changes in the nature of key strategic relationships with partners, distributors, suppliers and vendors;
•
domestic and international economic and business conditions and industry trends;
•
changes in tariffs, trade policy and trade relations following the 2016 U.S. presidential election and the vote by the United Kingdom ("U.K.") to exit from the European Union (“Brexit”);
•
consumer spending levels, including the availability and amount of individual consumer debt and customer bad debt;
•
advertising spending levels;
•
changes in distribution and viewing of television programming, including the expanded deployment of personal video recorders, video on demand and Internet Protocol television and their impact on home shopping programming;
•
rapid technological changes;
•
failure to protect the security of personal information, subjecting us to potentially costly government enforcement actions and/or private litigation and reputational damage;
•
the regulatory and competitive environment of the industries in which we operate;
•
threatened terrorist attacks, political unrest in international markets and ongoing military action around the world;


I-34

•
fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; and
•
Qurate Retail, Inc.'s ("Qurate Retail") (formerly known as Liberty Interactive Corporation) dependence on our cash flow for servicing its debt and for other purposes.
For additional risk factors, please see Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. These forward-looking statements and such risks, uncertainties and other factors speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and we expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to disseminate any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained herein, to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto, or any other change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.
The following discussion and analysis provides information concerning our results of operations and financial condition. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Overview
QVC, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (unless otherwise indicated or required by the context, the terms "we," "our," "QVC" or the "Company" refer to QVC, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries) is a retailer of a wide range of consumer products, which are marketed and sold primarily by merchandise-focused televised shopping programs, the Internet and mobile applications.
In the United States ("U.S."), our televised shopping programs, including live and recorded content, are broadcast across multiple channels nationally on a full-time basis, including QVC, QVC2, QVC3, HSN and HSN2. During the first quarter of 2019, the Company transitioned its Beauty iQ broadcast channel to QVC 3 and Beauty iQ content was moved to a digital only platform. Our U.S. programming is also available on QVC.com and HSN.com, our U.S. websites; mobile applications via streaming video; over-the-air broadcasters; and over-the-top content platforms (Roku, Apple TV, Amazon Fire, Facebook, etc.).
QVC's digital platforms enable consumers to purchase goods offered on our broadcast programming, along with a wide assortment of products that are available only on QVC.com and HSN.com. QVC.com, HSN.com and our other digital platforms (including our mobile applications, social pages and others) are natural extensions of our business model, allowing customers to engage in our shopping experience wherever they are, with live or on-demand content customized to the device they are using. In addition to offering video content, QVC.com and HSN.com allow shoppers to browse, research, compare and perform targeted searches for products, read customer reviews, control the order-entry process and conveniently access their account.
Internationally, QVC's televised shopping programs, including live and recorded content, are distributed to households outside of the U.S., primarily in Germany, Austria, Japan, the U.K., the Republic of Ireland and Italy. In some of the countries where QVC operates, QVC's televised shopping programs are broadcast across multiple QVC channels: QVC Style and QVC2 in Germany and QVC Beauty, QVC Extra and QVC Style in the U.K. Similar to the U.S., our international businesses also engage customers via websites, mobile applications, and social pages. Our international business employs product sourcing teams who select products tailored to the interests of each local market.

The Company's Japanese operations ("QVC-Japan") are conducted through a joint venture with Mitsui & Co., LTD ("Mitsui"). QVC-Japan is owned 60% by the Company and 40% by Mitsui. The Company and Mitsui share in all profits and losses based on their respective ownership interests. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, QVC-Japan paid dividends to Mitsui of $34 million and $23 million, respectively.
The Company also has a joint venture with CNR Media Group, formerly known as China Broadcasting Corporation, a limited liability company owned by China National Radio (''CNR''). The Company owns a 49% interest in a CNR subsidiary, CNR Home Shopping Co., Ltd. (''CNRS''). CNRS operates a retail business in China through a shopping television channel with an associated website. This joint venture is accounted for as an equity method investment recorded as equity in losses of investee in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.


I-35

The Company is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Qurate Retail (Nasdaq: QRTEA and QRTEB), which owns interests in a broad range of digital commerce businesses, including Qurate Retail's other wholly-owned subsidiaries Zulily, LLC ("Zulily"), HSN, Inc. ("HSN") prior to the transfer of ownership of HSN to QVC (described below), Cornerstone Brands, Inc. (former subsidiary of HSN prior to the transfer of ownership of HSN to QVC, "CBI") and other minority investments. QVC is part of the Qurate Retail Group ("QRG"), formerly QVC Group, a portfolio of brands including QVC, HSN, Zulily and CBI. On March 9, 2018, Qurate Retail, GCI Liberty, Inc. ("GCI Liberty") (formerly General Communication, Inc.), an Alaska corporation, and Liberty Interactive LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Qurate Retail, completed the previously announced transactions whereby Qurate Retail acquired GCI Liberty through a reorganization in which certain assets and liabilities attributed to Qurate Retail’s Ventures Group were contributed to GCI Liberty in exchange for a controlling interest in GCI Liberty. Qurate Retail then effected a tax-free separation of its controlling interest in the combined company. Qurate Retail's QVC Group common stock became the only outstanding common stock of Qurate Retail.
On October 1, 2015, Qurate Retail acquired all of the outstanding shares of Zulily, an online retailer offering customers a fun and entertaining shopping experience with a fresh selection of new product styles launched each day for a limited time period. Zulily is not part of the results of operations or financial position of QVC presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. During each of the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, QVC and Zulily engaged in multiple transactions relating to sales, sourcing of merchandise, marketing initiatives and business advisory services. QVC allocated expenses of $5 million and $4 million to Zulily for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Zulily allocated expenses of $7 million and $4 million to QVC for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
On December 31, 2018, QVC amended and restated its senior secured credit facility (the "Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement") increasing the revolving credit facility from $2.65 billion to $3.65 billion as explained further in notes 1 and 6 in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. The Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement includes a $400 million tranche that may be borrowed by QVC or Zulily. Under the terms of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, QVC and Zulily are jointly and severally liable for all amounts borrowed on the $400 million tranche. In accordance with the accounting guidance for obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements, QVC will record a liability for amounts it has borrowed under the credit facility plus any additional amount it expects to repay on behalf of Zulily. As of September 30, 2019, there was $162 million borrowed by Zulily on the $400 million tranche of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, none of which the Company expects to repay on behalf of Zulily.
On December 29, 2017, Qurate Retail completed the acquisition of the remaining 62% ownership interest of HSN that it did not already own in an all-stock transaction. On December 31, 2018, Qurate Retail transferred its 100% ownership interest in HSN to QVC through a transaction among entities under common control. As a result of the transaction, the assets and liabilities of HSN (excluding its ownership interest in CBI) were transferred from Qurate Retail at Qurate Retail's historical cost to QVC through an equity contribution. CBI remained a subsidiary of Qurate Retail outside of the QVC structure. Beginning January 1, 2019, the Company's U.S. operations and HSN were combined to form the "QxH" reportable operating segment. As a result of the common control transaction with Qurate Retail, the Company retrospectively adjusted certain balances within the consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, in order to combine the financial results of the Company and HSN since Qurate Retail's acquisition of HSN on December 29, 2017. All periods presented are prepared on a combined basis and are referred to as the condensed consolidated financial statements herein. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
QVC engages with CBI, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Qurate Retail and prior to the common control transaction between QVC and Qurate Retail, included as part of HSN. CBI is not part of the results of operations or financial position of QVC presented in these consolidated financial statements. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, QVC and CBI engaged in multiple transactions relating to sourcing of merchandise, personnel and business advisory services. QVC allocated expenses of $20 million and $38 million to CBI for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. CBI allocated expenses of $1 million and $4 million to QVC for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In the third quarter of 2018, CBI forgave $9 million in intercompany interest payable from HSN, which HSN had previously recorded as interest expense, net during the six months ending June 30, 2018. CBI also repaid a $29 million note receivable to QVC during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.


I-36

On October 2018, QRG announced a series of initiatives designed to better position its QxH businesses (“QRG Initiatives”). As part of the QRG Initiatives, QVC will close its fulfillment centers in Lancaster, Pennsylvania and Roanoke, Virginia and has entered into an agreement to lease a new fulfillment center in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania (see note 7 of accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements).
In the fourth quarter of 2018, QVC announced the potential closure of its operations in France. The formal announcement to execute the closure was made in March 2019 and broadcasting for QVC in France was subsequently terminated on March 13, 2019.
Strategies and challenges of business units

The goal of QVC is to extend its leadership in video commerce, e-commerce, mobile commerce and social commerce by continuing to create the world’s most engaging shopping experiences, combining the best of retail, media, and social, highly differentiated from traditional brick-and-mortar stores or transactional e-commerce. QVC provides customers with curated collections of unique products, made personal and relevant by the power of storytelling. We curate experiences, conversations and communities for millions of highly discerning shoppers, and we also curate large audiences, across our many platforms, for our thousands of brand partners.
QVC intends to employ several strategies to achieve these objectives. Among these strategies are to (i) extend the breadth, relevance and exposure of the QVC and HSN brands; (ii) source products that represent unique quality and value; (iii) create engaging, video-rich shopping experiences across our broadcast networks, websites, mobile applications and social pages; (iv) leverage customer loyalty and continue multi-platform expansion; and (v) create a compelling and differentiated customer service experience. In addition, we are exploring opportunities to evolve the International operating model to pursue growth opportunities in a more leveraged way across markets.
QVC's future net revenue growth will primarily depend on sales growth from e-commerce and mobile platforms, additions of new customers from households already receiving QVC's broadcast programming and increased spending from existing customers. QVC's future net revenue may also be affected by (i) the willingness of cable television and direct-to-home satellite system operators to continue carrying QVC's programming service; (ii) QVC's ability to maintain favorable channel positioning, which may become more difficult due to governmental action or from distributors converting analog customers to digital; (iii) changes in television viewing habits because of personal video recorders, video-on-demand and Internet video services; (iv) QVC's ability to source new and compelling products and (v) general economic conditions.
Economic uncertainty in various regions of the world in which our subsidiaries and affiliates operate could adversely affect demand for our products and services since a substantial portion of our revenue is derived from discretionary spending by individuals, which typically falls during times of economic instability. Global financial markets have recently experienced disruptions, including increased volatility and diminished liquidity and credit availability. If economic and financial market conditions in the U.S. or other key markets, including Japan and Europe, become uncertain or deteriorate, our customers may respond by suspending, delaying or reducing their discretionary spending. A suspension, delay or reduction in discretionary spending could adversely affect revenue. Accordingly, our ability to increase or maintain revenue and earnings could be adversely affected to the extent that relevant economic environments decline. Such weak economic conditions may also inhibit our expansion into new European and other markets. We currently are unable to predict the extent of any of these potential adverse effects.



I-37

On June 23, 2016, the U.K. held a referendum in which British citizens approved an exit from the European Union (the "E.U."), commonly referred to as “Brexit.” As a result of the referendum, the global markets and currencies have been adversely impacted, including a sharp decline in the value of the U.K. Pound Sterling as compared to the U.S. Dollar. Volatility in exchange rates is expected to continue in the short term as the U.K. negotiates its exit from the E.U. In the longer term, any impact from Brexit on us will depend, in part, on the outcome of tariff, trade, regulatory and other negotiations. Although it is unknown what the result of those negotiations will be, or whether the U.K. will leave the E.U. with any agreement as to the terms of its withdrawal, it is possible that new terms may adversely affect our operations and financial results in a number of ways, not all of which are currently readily apparent. The U.K. is scheduled to withdraw from the E.U. no later than January 31, 2020. Notably, in October 2019, the E.U. and the U.K. announced an agreement in principle on the withdrawal of the U.K. from the E.U. This agreement still remains subject to the successful ratification of the parties’ respective legislative bodies. As a result, the final terms of the U.K.’s exit from the E.U. are, and will remain for the immediate future, unclear. The U.K. may leave the E.U. without any agreement as to the terms of its withdrawal or the future economic relationship between the U.K. and the E.U. It is also possible that the U.K. will withdraw its notification to leave the E.U. or that there will be a second referendum on Brexit.

The President of the U.S. has expressed apprehension towards trade agreements, such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership, and suggested that the U.S. would renegotiate or withdraw from certain trade agreements. He has advocated for and imposed tariffs on certain goods imported into the U.S., particularly from China. In response to these new U.S. tariffs, some foreign governments, including China, have instituted or are considering instituting tariffs on certain U.S. goods. New tariffs and other changes in U.S. trade policy could trigger retaliatory actions by affected countries. Like many other multinational corporations, we do a significant amount of business that could be impacted by changes to U.S. and international trade policies (including governmental action related to tariffs and trade agreements). Such changes have the potential to adversely impact the U.S. economy or certain sectors thereof, our industry and the global demand for our products and, as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

On January 23, 2017, the President of the U.S. signed a presidential memorandum to withdraw the U.S. from the Trans-Pacific Partnership. On October 1, 2018, the U.S., Mexico and Canada agreed to the terms of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (the "USMCA"), a successor to the North American Free Trade Agreement ("NAFTA"), which will impact imports and exports among those countries. The USMCA has only been ratified by Mexico. Once ratified by the legislatures of the U.S. and Canada, the USMCA would be enacted and replace NAFTA. As of the date of this report, there is uncertainty about whether the USMCA will be ratified by the U.S. and Canada, as well as the timing thereof, and the potential for further re-negotiation, or even termination, of NAFTA. Further, the USMCA could undergo changes that lead to further modifications of certain USMCA provisions before being passed into law. In addition, the current U.S. Administration has threatened to withdraw from NAFTA if Congress does not move expeditiously to approve the USMCA, which could lead to higher tariffs on imports from Mexico. These and other proposed actions, if implemented, could adversely affect our business because we sell imported products.


I-38

Results of Operations
QVC's operating results were as follows:
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
(in millions)
2019

2018

2019

2018

Net revenue
$
2,504

2,569

7,519

7,727

Operating costs and expenses:




Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)
1,615

1,637

4,803

4,882

Operating
181

208

537

630

Selling, general and administrative, excluding transaction related costs and stock-based compensation
256

260

773

774

Adjusted OIBDA (defined below)
452

464

1,406

1,441

Transaction related costs
—

41

1

50

Stock-based compensation
10

10

30

34

Depreciation
43

43

143

130

Amortization
69

65

211

176

Operating income
330

305

1,021

1,051

Other expense:




Equity in losses of investee
—

(1
)
(1
)
(2
)
Losses on financial instruments
(2
)
(1
)
(5
)
—

Interest expense, net
(61
)
(50
)
(182
)
(183
)
Foreign currency loss
—

(1
)
(3
)
—


(63
)
(53
)
(191
)
(185
)
Income before income taxes
267

252

830

866

Income tax expense
(79
)
(71
)
(238
)
(229
)
Net income
188

181

592

637

Less net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest
(14
)
(11
)
(36
)
(33
)
Net income attributable to QVC, Inc. stockholder
$
174

170

556

604


Net revenue
Net revenue by segment was as follows:
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
(in millions)
2019

2018

2019

2018

QxH
$
1,854

1,929

5,585

5,755

QVC-International
650

640

1,934

1,972

   Consolidated QVC
$
2,504

2,569

7,519

7,727



I-39

QVC's consolidated net revenue decreased 2.5% and 2.7% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to the corresponding period in the prior year. The three month decrease in net revenue is primarily due to a 3.9% decrease in units shipped and $9 million in unfavorable foreign exchange rates across all markets, which was partially offset by a 2.8% increase in average selling price per unit ("ASP"). The nine months decrease in net revenue is primarily due to a 2.6% decrease in units shipped and $70 million in unfavorable foreign exchange rates across all markets, which was partially offset by a 1% increase in ASP driven by the international market and a $23 million decrease in estimated product returns, primarily driven by the decrease in sales volume at QxH.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the changes in revenue and expenses were affected by changes in the exchange rates for the U.K. Pound Sterling, the Euro and the Japanese Yen. In the event the U.S. Dollar strengthens against these foreign currencies in the future, QVC's revenue and operating cash flow will be negatively affected.
In discussing our operating results, the term currency exchange rates refers to the currency exchange rates we use to convert the operating results for all countries where the functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar. We calculate the effect of changes in currency exchange rates as the difference between current period activity translated using the prior period's currency exchange rates. Throughout our discussion, we refer to the results of this calculation as the impact of currency exchange rate fluctuations. When we refer to constant currency operating results, this means operating results without the impact of the currency exchange rate fluctuations. The disclosure of constant currency amounts or results permits investors to understand better QVC’s underlying performance without the effects of currency exchange rate fluctuations.
The percentage change in net revenue for each of QVC's segments in U.S. Dollars and in constant currency was as follows:

Three months ended September 30, 2019
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2019
 

U.S. Dollars

Foreign Currency Exchange Impact

Constant Currency

U.S. Dollars

Foreign Currency Exchange Impact

Constant Currency

QxH
(3.9
)%
—
 %
(3.9
)%
(3.0
)%
—
 %
(3.0
)%
QVC-International
1.6
 %
(1.3
)%
2.9
 %
(1.9
)%
(3.5
)%
1.6
 %
QxH net revenue decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to a 4.3% decrease in units shipped partially offset by a slight increase in ASP and a $10 million decrease in estimated product returns, primarily driven by the decrease in sales volume. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, QxH experienced shipped sales declines in jewelry, accessories, and home, partially offset by growth in apparel and beauty while electronics remained flat. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, QxH net revenue decreased due to a 2.6% decrease in units shipped and a slight decline in ASP which was partially offset by a $33 million decrease in estimated product returns, primarily driven by the decrease in sales volume. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, QxH experienced shipped sales decline in all categories except electronics.
QVC-International net revenue growth in constant currency for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to an 8.4% increase in ASP, driven by ASP increases in all markets, which was partially offset by a 2.9% decrease in units shipped driven by all markets except Japan and a $10 million increase in estimated product returns. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, QVC-International experienced shipped sales growth in constant currency in all categories except electronics. QVC-International net revenue growth in constant currency for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to a 5.3% increase in ASP, driven by ASP increases in Japan, Germany, Italy and the U.K., which was partially offset by a 2.5% decrease in units shipped driven by Germany, Italy and the U.K. and a $10 million increase in estimated product returns. The increase in estimated product returns during both periods was primarily due to increased sales volume. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, QVC-International experienced shipped sales growth in constant currency in all categories except electronics and accessories.
Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization)
QVC's cost of goods sold as a percentage of net revenue was 64.5% and 63.9% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to 63.7% and 63.2% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. The increase in cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue for both comparable periods is primarily due to an increase in product fulfillment costs at QxH.



I-40

Operating expenses
QVC's operating expenses are principally comprised of commissions, order processing and customer service expenses, credit card processing fees and telecommunications expenses. Operating expenses decreased $27 million or 13% and $93 million or 15% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
For the three months ended September 30, 2019, operating expenses decreased primarily due to a $20 million decrease in commissions at QxH and a $3 million decrease in personnel costs at QxH. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, operating expenses decreased primarily due to a $74 million decrease in commissions at QxH, a $10 million decrease in personnel costs at QxH and a $4 million decrease due to favorable exchange rates. The decrease in commissions for both comparable periods is primarily due to new longer term television distribution rights agreements entered into at HSN, which led to increased capitalization of television distribution rights agreements and favorable terms on commissions.
Selling, general and administrative expenses (excluding transaction related costs and stock-based compensation)
QVC's selling, general, and administrative expenses (excluding transaction related costs as defined below and stock-based compensation) include personnel, information technology, provision for doubtful accounts, production costs, and marketing and advertising expenses. Such expenses decreased $4 million and $1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. As a percentage of net revenue, such expenses were 10.2% and 10.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively and were 10.1% and 10.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the decrease was primarily due to an $11 million decrease in personnel costs primarily in QxH, France and the U.K., partially offset by increases in Japan and Germany, and a $2 million decrease due to favorable exchange rates. The decreases were partially offset by a $3 million increase in outside services primarily in QxH, offset by decreases in Germany and the U.K., a $3 million increase in online marketing expenses in QxH, a $2 million increase in software expenses in QxH and a $1 million increase in bad debt expense due to increased Easy Pay usage and the number of installments taken at QxH offset by a decrease in Japan. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the decrease was primarily due to a $24 million decrease in personnel costs primarily in QxH, France and the U.K. offset by increases in Japan and Germany, and an $11 million decrease due to favorable exchange rates. The decreases were partially offset by a $12 million increase in outside services, primarily at QxH and Japan, partially offset by a decrease in Germany, an $11 million increase in bad debt expense, and an $8 million increase in online marketing expenses primarily in QxH. The increase in bad debt expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is primarily due to increased Easy Pay usage and the number of installments taken at QxH, and to a lesser extent, Germany.
Transaction related costs
Transaction related costs include restructuring, integration, and advisory fees ("transaction related costs") that were incurred by QVC as it relates to Qurate Retail's acquisition of HSN on December 29, 2017 as well as the closure of France operations that was effective in March 2019. QVC did not record any transaction related costs during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and recorded $1 million in transaction related costs for nine months ended September 30, 2019. QVC recorded $41 million and $50 million in transaction related costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. The decrease in transaction related costs is primarily related to severance expense during the third quarter of 2018 related to the future closure of QVC's Lancaster, Pennsylvania fulfillment center and other initiatives designed to deliver long term growth.
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation includes compensation related to options and restricted stock units granted to certain officers and employees. QVC recorded $10 million and $30 million of stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and recorded $10 million and $34 million of stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. The decrease in stock compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is primarily due to forfeitures of non-vested options from terminated individuals.


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Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization consisted of the following:

Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
(in millions)
2019

2018

2019

2018

Affiliate agreements
$
1

1

3

3

Customer relationships
13

13

37

37

Other technology
3

3

11

11

Acquisition related amortization
17

17

51

51

Property and equipment
43

43

143

130

Software amortization
20

25

64

71

Channel placement amortization and related expenses
32

23

96

54

Total depreciation and amortization
$
112

108

354

306

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, channel placement amortization expense increased primarily due to new television distribution contracts entered into at HSN. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, property and equipment depreciation increased due to the disposition of assets in France in the second quarter of 2019.
Equity in losses of investee
The loss that was associated with our joint venture in China is accounted for as an equity method investment.
Interest expense, net
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, consolidated interest expense, net increased $11 million and decreased $1 million, respectively, as compared to the corresponding periods in the prior year. The increase during the three months ended September 30, 2019 is primarily related to the impact of CBI forgiving $9 million in intercompany interest payable from HSN in the third quarter of 2018.
Foreign currency loss
Certain loans between QVC and its subsidiaries are deemed to be short-term in nature, and accordingly, the translation of these loans is recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the change in foreign currency loss was also due to variances in interest and operating payables balances between QVC and its international subsidiaries denominated in the currency of the subsidiary and the effects of currency exchange rate changes on those balances.
Income taxes
Our effective tax rate was 29.6% and 28.7% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to an effective tax rate of 28.2% and 26.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. The 2019 rate differs from the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% due primarily to state and foreign tax expenses, and valuation allowances established for foreign net operating losses and excess U.S. foreign tax credits. The 2019 effective tax rate has increased from the prior year for both periods presented primarily due to an increase in state accruals and additional valuation allowances on foreign net operating losses and foreign tax credits in the current year.


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Adjusted Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization (Adjusted OIBDA)
To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial statements, we disclose Adjusted OIBDA, which is a non-GAAP measure. QVC defines Adjusted OIBDA as operating income plus depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, and transaction related costs. QVC's chief operating decision maker and management team use this measure of performance in conjunction with other measures to evaluate the businesses and make decisions about allocating resources among the businesses. QVC believes that this is an important indicator of the operational strength and performance of the segments by identifying those items that are not directly a reflection of each segment's performance or indicative of ongoing business trends. In addition, this measure allows QVC to view operating results, perform analytical comparisons and perform benchmarking among its businesses and identify strategies to improve performance. Accordingly, Adjusted OIBDA should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for, operating income, net income, cash flow provided by operating activities and other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with U.S generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
The primary material limitations associated with the use of Adjusted OIBDA as compared to U.S. GAAP results are (i) it may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies in the industry, and (ii) it excludes financial information that some may consider important in evaluating QVC's performance. QVC compensates for these limitations by providing disclosure of the difference between Adjusted OIBDA and U.S. GAAP results, including providing a reconciliation of Adjusted OIBDA to U.S. GAAP results, to enable investors to perform their own analysis of QVC's operating results. The following table provides a reconciliation of operating income to Adjusted OIBDA.

Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
(in millions)
2019

2018

2019

2018

Operating income
$
330

305

1,021

1,051

     Depreciation and amortization
112

108

354

306

     Stock-based compensation
10

10

30

34

     Transaction related costs
—

41

1

50

Adjusted OIBDA
$
452

464

1,406

1,441

Seasonality
QVC's business is seasonal due to a higher volume of sales in the fourth calendar quarter related to year-end holiday shopping. In recent years, QVC has earned, on average, between 22% and 24% of its revenue in each of the first three quarters of the year and between 30% and 32% of its revenue in the fourth quarter of the year.
Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
Historically, QVC's primary sources of cash have been cash provided by operating activities and borrowings. In general, QVC uses this cash to fund its operations, make capital purchases, make payments to Qurate Retail, make interest payments and minimize QVC's outstanding senior secured credit facility balance.
As of September 30, 2019, substantially all of QVC's cash and cash equivalents were invested in AAA rated money market funds and time deposits with banks rated equal to or above A.
Senior Secured Notes
All of QVC's senior secured notes are secured by the capital stock of QVC and certain of its subsidiaries and have equal priority to the senior secured credit facility. With exception of the 6.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2067, in which the interest is payable quarterly, the interest on QVC's senior secured notes is payable semi-annually.


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Senior Secured Credit Facility
On December 31, 2018, QVC entered into the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with Zulily as borrowers (collectively, the “Borrowers”) which is a multi-currency facility that provides for a $3.65 billion revolving credit facility with a $450 million sub-limit for standby letters of credit and $1.5 billion of uncommitted incremental revolving loan commitments or incremental term loans. The Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement includes a $400 million tranche that may be borrowed by the Company or Zulily with a $50 million sub-limit for standby letters of credit. The remaining $3.25 billion and any incremental loans may be borrowed only by the Company. Borrowings that are alternate base rate loans will bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the base rate plus a margin that varies between 0.25% and 0.75% depending on the Borrowers’ combined ratio of Consolidated Total Debt to Consolidated EBITDA for the most recent four fiscal quarter period (the “Combined Consolidated Leverage Ratio”). Borrowings that are London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") loans will bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the applicable LIBOR rate plus a margin that varies between 1.25% and 1.75% depending on the Borrowers’ Combined Consolidated Leverage Ratio. Each loan may be prepaid at any time and from time to time without penalty other than customary breakage costs. No mandatory prepayments will be required other than when borrowings and letter of credit usage exceed availability; provided that, if Zulily ceases to be controlled by Qurate Retail, all of its loans must be repaid and its letters of credit cash collateralized. The facility matures on December 31, 2023. Payment of loans may be accelerated following certain customary events of default.
QVC had $1.9 billion available under the terms of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2019, including the portion available under the $400 million tranche that Zulily may also borrow on. The interest rate on the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement was 3.40% as of September 30, 2019.
The payment and performance of the Borrowers’ obligations under the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are guaranteed by each of QVC’s Material Domestic Subsidiaries (as defined in the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement). Further, the borrowings under the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are secured, pari passu with QVC’s existing notes, by a pledge of all of QVC’s equity interests. The payment and performance of the Borrowers’ obligations with respect to the $400 million tranche available to both QVC and Zulily are also guaranteed by each of Zulily’s Material Domestic Subsidiaries (as defined in the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement), if any, and are secured by a pledge of all of Zulily’s equity interests.
The Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains certain affirmative and negative covenants, including certain restrictions on the Company and Zulily and each of their respective restricted subsidiaries (subject to certain exceptions) with respect to, among other things: incurring additional indebtedness; creating liens on property or assets; making certain loans or investments; selling or disposing of assets; paying certain dividends and other restricted payments; dissolving, consolidating or merging; entering into certain transactions with affiliates; entering into sale or leaseback transactions; restricting subsidiary distributions; and limiting the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio and the Borrowers’ Combined Consolidated Leverage Ratio.
Other Debt Related Information
QVC was in compliance with all of its debt covenants as of September 30, 2019.
There are no restrictions under the debt agreements on QVC's ability to pay dividends or make other restricted payments if QVC is not in default on its senior secured notes or the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, and QVC's consolidated leverage ratio, and a Combined Consolidated Leverage Ratio for both QVC and Zulily, would be no greater than 3.5 to 1.0. As a result, Qurate Retail will, in many instances, be permitted to rely on QVC's cash flow for servicing Qurate Retail's debt and for other purposes, including repurchases of Qurate Retail's common stock, or to fund acquisitions or other operational requirements of Qurate Retail and its subsidiaries. These events may increase accumulated deficit or require QVC to borrow under the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, increasing QVC's leverage and decreasing liquidity. QVC has made significant distributions to Qurate Retail in the past.


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Interest Rate Swap Arrangements
During the year ended December 31, 2016, QVC entered into a three-year interest rate swap arrangement with a notional amount of $125 million to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with interest payments related to its variable rate debt. The swap arrangement did not qualify as a cash flow hedge under U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of the swap are reflected in losses on financial instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The swap arrangement expired in June 2019. In July 2019, the Company entered into a three-year interest swap arrangement with a notional amount of $125 million. The swap arrangement did not qualify as a cash flow hedge under U.S. GAAP and the fair value of the swap instrument was in a net liability position of $1 million as of September 30, 2019, which was included in other long-term liabilities.
On December 31, 2018, QVC entered into a thirteen month interest rate swap arrangement that effectively converted $250 million of its variable rate bank credit facility to a fixed rate of 1.05% with a maturity date in January 2020. The swap instrument does not qualify as a cash flow hedge and the fair value of the swap instrument was in a net asset position of $1 million as of September 30, 2019, which was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Changes in the fair value of the swap are reflected in losses on financial instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Additional Cash Flow Information
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, QVC's primary uses of cash were $1,648 million of principal payments of the senior secured credit facility and finance lease obligations, $698 million of dividends to Qurate Retail, $400 million of principal repayments of our senior secured notes, $353 million of capital and television distribution rights expenditures and $34 million in dividend payments from QVC-Japan to Mitsui. These uses of cash were funded primarily with $2,061 million of principal borrowings from the senior secured credit facility, $1,018 million of cash provided by operating activities and a $50 million capital contribution from Qurate Retail. As of September 30, 2019, QVC's cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balance was $559 million.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, QVC's primary uses of cash were $2,636 million of principal payments on debt and finance lease obligations, $297 million of dividends to Qurate Retail, $256 million of capital and television distribution rights expenditures and $23 million in dividend payments from QVC-Japan to Mitsui. These uses of cash were funded primarily with $1,731 million of principal borrowings from the senior secured credit facility, $915 million of cash provided by operating activities and a $520 million capital contribution from Qurate Retail. As of September 30, 2018, QVC's cash, cash equivalents balance and restricted cash was $417 million.
The change in cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the previous year was primarily due to changes in working capital. Working capital at any specific point in time is subject to many variables, including seasonality, inventory management, the timing of cash receipts and payments, vendor payment terms, and fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.
As of September 30, 2019, $212 million of the $559 million in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash was held by foreign subsidiaries. Cash in foreign subsidiaries is available for domestic purposes with no significant tax consequences upon repatriation to the U.S. QVC accrues taxes on the unremitted earnings of its international subsidiaries. Approximately 73% of this foreign cash balance was that of QVC-Japan. QVC owns 60% of QVC-Japan and shares all profits and losses with the 40% minority interest holder, Mitsui. We believe that we currently have appropriate legal structures in place to repatriate foreign cash as tax efficiently as possible and meet the business needs of QVC.
Other
Capital expenditures in 2019 are expected to be between $350 to $360 million, including $225 million already expended and $42 million in non-cash capital additions for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Refer to the chart under the "Off-balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations" section below for additional information concerning the amount and timing of expected future payments under QVC's contractual obligations as of September 30, 2019.


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QVC has contingent liabilities related to legal and tax proceedings and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Although it is reasonably possible QVC may incur losses upon the conclusion of such matters, an estimate of any loss or range of loss cannot be made. In the opinion of management, it is expected that amounts, if any, that may be required to satisfy such contingencies will not be material in relation to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations
Information concerning the amount and timing of required payments, both accrued and off-balance sheet, under our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2019 is summarized below:

Payments due by period
 
(in millions)
Remainder of 2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Thereafter

Total

Long-term debt (1)
$
—

—

—

500

2,365

2,125

4,990

Interest payments (2)
33

228

228

229

187

1,270

2,175

Finance lease obligations (including imputed interest)
7

25

24

23

22

116

217

Operating lease obligations
$
20

36

26

23

21

210

336

(1) Amounts exclude Finance lease obligations and the issue discounts on the 4.375%, 4.45%, 4.85%, 5.45% and 5.95% Senior Secured Notes.
(2) Amounts (i) are based on the terms of QVC's senior secured credit facility and senior secured notes, (ii) assumes the interest rates on the floating rate debt remain constant at the rates in effect as of September 30, 2019, (iii) assumes that our existing debt is repaid at maturity and (iv) excludes finance lease obligations.
Adoption of new accounting pronouncements
In February 2016 and subsequently, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued new guidance which revises the accounting related to lessee accounting as part of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 842. Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for most operating leases. The new lease guidance also simplifies the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions primarily because lessees must recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. The Company adopted ASC 842 on January 1, 2019 utilizing the modified retrospective transition approach and did not restate comparative periods. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allows it to carry forward its historical lease classification, its determination regarding whether a contract contains a lease and any initial indirect costs that had existed prior to the adoption of this new standard. The Company also elected to combine both lease and non-lease components and elected for all short leases with a term of less than 12 months to not record a related operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liability on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company recognized $92 million of operating lease right-of-use assets, $18 million in short-term operating lease liabilities and $87 million of long-term operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet upon adoption of the new standard. The operating lease liabilities were determined based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments and the operating lease right-of-use asset was determined based on the value of the lease liabilities, adjusted for deferred rent balances of $13 million, which were previously included in accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities.
Accounting pronouncements issued but not adopted
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), which addresses the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate due to the enactment of the December 22, 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on items within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The Company has elected not to adopt this guidance as there would have been no significant effect of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles- Goodwill and Other- Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The guidance will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2020 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.



I-46

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
QVC is exposed to market risk in the normal course of business due to ongoing investing and financial activities and the conduct of operations by subsidiaries in different foreign countries. Market risk refers to the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in stock prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The risk of loss can be assessed from the perspective of adverse changes in fair values, cash flows and future earnings. QVC has established procedures and internal processes governing the management of market risks and the use of financial instruments to manage exposure to such risks.
Interest rate risk
QVC is exposed to changes in interest rates primarily as a result of borrowing activities. Over the long-term, QVC manages the exposure to interest rates by maintaining what QVC believes is an appropriate mix of fixed and variable rate debt.
The table below summarizes the Company’s debt obligations, related interest rates and fair value of debt at September 30, 2019:
(in millions, except percentages)
Remainder of 2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Thereafter

Total

Fair Value

Fixed rate debt (1)
$
—

—

—

500

750

2,125

3,375

3,505

Weighted average interest rate on fixed rate debt
—
%
—
%
—
%
5.1
%
4.4
%
5.2
%
5.0
%
N/A

Variable rate debt (1)
$
—

—

—

—

1,615

—

1,615

1,615

Average interest rate on variable rate debt
—
%
—
%
—
%
—
%
3.4
%
—
%
3.4
%
N/A

(1) Amounts exclude finance lease obligations and the issue discounts on the 4.375%, 4.45%, 4.85%, 5.45% and 5.95% Senior Secured Notes.
N/A - Not applicable.
During the year ended December 31, 2016, QVC entered into a three-year interest rate swap arrangement with a notional amount of $125 million to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with interest payments related to its variable rate debt. The swap arrangement did not qualify as a cash flow hedge under U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of the swap are reflected in losses on financial instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The swap arrangement expired in June 2019. In July 2019, the Company entered into a three-year interest swap arrangement with a notional amount of $125 million. The new swap arrangement will not qualify as a cash flow hedge under U.S. GAAP and the fair value of the swap instrument was in a net liability position of approximately $1 million as of September 30, 2019, which was included in other long-term liabilities. A 1% change in the one-month U.S. LIBOR rate (floating portion of the interest rate swap) will result in a change in the value of the swap instrument of less than $1 million.
 
On December 31, 2018, QVC entered into a thirteen month interest rate swap arrangement that effectively converted $250 million of its variable rate bank credit facility to a fixed rate of 1.05% with a maturity date in January 2020. The swap instrument does not qualify as a cash flow hedge and the fair value of the swap instrument was in a net asset position of $1 million as of September 30, 2019, which was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Changes in the fair value of the swap are reflected in losses on financial instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. A 1% change in the one-month U.S. LIBOR rate (floating portion of the interest rate swap) will result in a change in the value of the swap instrument of less than $1 million.




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Foreign currency exchange rate risk
QVC is exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations related to the monetary assets and liabilities and the financial results of its foreign subsidiaries. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries for which the functional currency is the local currency are translated into U.S. Dollars at period-end exchange rates, and the statements of operations are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. Exchange rate fluctuations on translating foreign currency financial statements into U.S. Dollars that result in unrealized gains or losses are referred to as translation adjustments. Cumulative translation adjustments are recorded in other comprehensive income as a separate component of stockholder's equity. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are recorded based on exchange rates at the time such transactions arise. Subsequent changes in exchange rates result in transaction gains and losses, which are reflected in income as unrealized (based on period-end transactions) or realized upon settlement of the transactions. Cash flows from operations in foreign countries are translated at the average rate for the period. Accordingly, QVC may experience economic loss and a negative impact on earnings and equity with respect to its holdings solely as a result of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. QVC's reported Adjusted OIBDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 would have been impacted by approximately $1 million and $3 million, respectively, for every 1% change in foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. Dollar.
The Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides QVC with the ability to borrow in multiple currencies. This allows QVC to somewhat mitigate foreign currency exchange rate risks. As of September 30, 2019, no borrowings in foreign currencies were outstanding.


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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
In accordance with Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including its chief executive officer and its principal accounting and financial officer (the "Executives"), of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Executives concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2019 because of the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as discussed in more detail in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Management has continued to monitor the implementation of the remediation plan described in our 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as described below.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we continued to review the design of our controls, made adjustments and continued implementing controls to alleviate the noted control deficiencies. Other than these items, there has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.

Remediation Plan for Material Weaknesses in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

In response to the material weaknesses identified in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting as set forth in Part II, Item 9A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company developed a plan with oversight from the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of Qurate Retail to remediate the material weaknesses. The remediation efforts being implemented include the following:

•
Improvement of the design and operation of control activities and procedures associated with user and administrator access to the affected IT systems, including removing all inappropriate IT system access associated with the information technology general controls ("ITGCs") material weakness;
•
Improvement of change management and computer operation control activities that contributed to the ITGC material weakness;
•
Implementation of user activity monitoring for control activities contributing to the ITGC material weakness;
•
Delivery of training to control owners addressing control operating protocols including ITGCs and policies; and
•
Enhancement of the design and operation of control activities meant to validate the completeness and accuracy of revenue recorded in the U.K.

The Company believes the foregoing efforts will remediate the material weaknesses disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Because the reliability of the internal control process requires repeatable execution, the successful on-going remediation of the material weaknesses will require on-going review and evidence of effectiveness prior to concluding that the controls are effective. Our remediation efforts are underway, and we expect that the remediation of these material weaknesses will be completed prior to the end of 2019.

Additionally, the Company will continue to enhance the ITGC and U.K. revenue risk assessment process, evaluate talent and address identified gaps, deliver training on internal control over financial reporting, and monitor information system access and program changes to determine whether additional adjustments should be made to reduce or eliminate the occurrence of access and program change management issues.




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Item 6. Exhibits
(a) Exhibits
Listed below are the exhibits which are filed as a part of this Report (according to the number assigned to them in Item 601 of Regulation S-K):
31.1

31.2

32.1

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Definition Document*
*Filed herewith.
**Furnished herewith.


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Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
QVC, Inc.
Date: November 12, 2019
By:/s/ MICHAEL A. GEORGE
 
Michael A. George
 
President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
Date: November 12, 2019
By:/s/ JEFFREY A. DAVIS
 
Jeffrey A. Davis
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)


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