Exhibit 3.1

ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS

ARTICLE I

OFFICES

1. The location of the registered office of the Corporation is 1811 Silverside Road, in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware 19810, and the name of its registered agent at such address is Vcorp Services, LLC.

2. The Corporation shall in addition to its registered office in the State of Delaware establish and maintain an office or offices at such place or places as the Board of Directors may from time to time find necessary or desirable.

ARTICLE II

CORPORATE SEAL

The Corporation may or may not have a corporate seal, as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. If adopted, the corporate seal of the Corporation shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation and may be in such form as the Board of Directors may determine.  Such seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed, affixed or otherwise reproduced.

ARTICLE III

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

1. All meetings of the stockholders shall be held at the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware or at such other place as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors.

2. The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held on such day and at such time as may be determined from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors, when they shall elect by majority vote pursuant to Section 5 of this Article III, a Board of Directors to hold office until the annual meeting of stockholders held next after their election and their successors are respectively elected and qualified or until their earlier resignation or removal.  Any other proper business may be transacted at the annual meeting.

3. The holders of at least one third (1/3) of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on the subject matter, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business, except as otherwise expressly provided by statute, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-laws.  If, however, such majority shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders entitled to vote on the subject matter, present in person or by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting (except as otherwise provided by statute).  At such adjourned meeting at which the requisite amount of voting stock shall be represented any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.

4. At all meetings of the stockholders each stockholder having the right to vote shall be entitled to vote in person, or by proxy appointed by an instrument in writing subscribed by such stockholder and bearing a date not more than three years prior to said meeting, unless such instrument provides for a longer period. 

5. At each meeting of the stockholders each stockholder shall have one vote for each share of capital stock having voting power, registered in his name on the books of the Corporation at the record date fixed in accordance with these By-laws, or otherwise determined, with respect to such meeting.  Except as otherwise expressly provided by statute, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-laws, all matters coming before any meeting of the stockholders shall be decided by the vote of a majority of the number of shares of stock present in person or represented by proxy at such meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter, a quorum being present.

6. Notice of each meeting of the stockholders shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting.  Such notice shall state the place, date and hour of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting, the purposes for which the meeting is called.

7. The Secretary shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting (provided, however, if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than ten (10) days before the date of the meeting, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth day before the meeting date), arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, (a) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (b) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. In the event that the Corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the Corporation. The list shall be open to examination of any stockholder during the time of the meeting as provided by law.

8. Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute, may be called by the majority of the Board of Directors.

9. Business transacted at each special meeting shall be confined to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of such meeting.

10. The order of business at each meeting of stockholders shall be determined by the presiding officer.

ARTICLE IV

DIRECTORS

1. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of a Board of Directors, which may exercise all such powers and authority for and on behalf of the Corporation as shall be permitted by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws.  Each of the directors shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his successor has been elected and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal.

2. The Board is empowered to appoint a Chairman of the Board of Directors.  The Chairman shall act as chairman of all meetings of the Board of Directors and at all special and annual meetings of stockholders, and shall have control over the agenda of such meetings, all in accordance with the provisions of these By-laws and the Certificate of Incorporation.  The Chairman shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board of Directors.

3. The Board of Directors may hold their meetings within or outside of the State of Delaware, at such place or places as it may from time to time determine.

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4. The number of directors comprising the Board of Directors shall be such number as may be from time to time fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.  In case of any increase, the Board of Directors shall have power to elect each additional director to hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his successor is elected and qualified or his earlier resignation or removal.  Any decrease in the number of directors shall take effect at the time of such action by the Board of Directors only to the extent that vacancies then exist; to the extent that such decrease exceeds the number of such vacancies, the decrease shall not become effective, except as further vacancies may thereafter occur, until the time of and in connection with the election of directors at the next succeeding annual meeting of the stockholders.

5. If the office of any director becomes vacant, by reason of death, resignation, disqualification or otherwise, a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, may fill the vacancy by electing a successor who shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his successor is elected and qualified or his earlier resignation or removal.

6. Any director may resign at any time by giving written notice of his resignation to the Board of Directors.  Any such resignation shall take effect upon receipt thereof by the Board of Directors, or at such later date as may be specified therein.  Any such notice to the Board shall be addressed to it in care of the Secretary.

ARTICLE V

COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS

1. The Board of Directors may designate an Executive Committee and one or more other committees, each such committee to consist of one or more directors of the Corporation.  The Executive Committee shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation (except as otherwise expressly limited by statute), including the power and authority to declare dividends and to authorize the issuance of stock, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it.  Each such committee shall have such of the powers and authority of the Board as may be provided from time to time in resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors.

2. The requirements with respect to the manner in which the Executive Committee and each such other committee shall hold meetings and take actions shall be set forth in the resolutions of the Board of Directors designating the Executive Committee or such other committee.

ARTICLE VI

COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS

The directors shall receive such compensation for their services as may be authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors, which compensation may be in either cash or equity, or a combination thereof, and may include an annual fee, a fixed sum for attendance at regular or special meetings of the Board or any committee thereof and reimbursement of expenses reasonably incurred in attending such meetings.  Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.

ARTICLE VII

MEETINGS OF DIRECTORS; ACTION WITHOUT A MEETING

1. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as may be determined from time to time by resolution of the Board.

2. Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held whenever called by the President of the Corporation or the majority of the Board of Directors on at least 24 hours' notice to each director.  Except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-laws, the purpose or purposes of any such special meeting need not be stated in such notice, although the time and place of the meeting shall be stated.

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3. At all meetings of the Board of Directors, the presence in person of a majority of the total number of directors shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and, except as otherwise provided by statute, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-laws, if a quorum shall be present the act of a majority of the directors present shall be the act of the Board.

4. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all the members of the Board or such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission and the writing or writings or electronic transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.  Any director may participate in a meeting of the Board, or any committee designated by the Board, by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this sentence shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

ARTICLE VIII

OFFICERS

1. The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer.  The Board may also choose one or more Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers, and such other officers as it shall deem necessary. Any number of offices may be held by the same person.

2. The salaries of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors, or in such manner as the Board may prescribe.

3. The officers of the Corporation shall hold office until their successors are elected and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal.  Any officer may be at any time removed from office by the Board of Directors, with or without cause.  If the office of any officer becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy may be filled by the Board of Directors.

4. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice of his resignation to the Board of Directors.  Any such resignation shall take effect upon receipt thereof by the Board or at such later date as may be specified therein.  Any such notice to the Board shall be addressed to it in care of the Secretary

5. The Chief Executive Officer shall have general supervision and direction of the business and affairs of the Corporation, subject, however, to the direction and control of the Board of Directors.  The Chief Executive Officer may sign and execute in the name of the Corporation deeds, mortgages, bond, contracts or other instruments.  The Chief Executive Officer shall perform all duties incident to the office of the Chief Executive Officer and shall, when requested, counsel with and advise the other officers of the Corporation and shall perform such other duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

6. The President shall have such powers and perform such duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors.

7. The Vice Presidents shall have such powers and duties as may be delegated to them by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors.

8. The Secretary shall have such powers and duties as may be delegated to him by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors.

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9. The Assistant Secretary shall, in case of the absence of the Secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary, and shall have such other powers and duties as may be delegated to them by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors.

10. The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities, and shall deposit or cause to be deposited under his direction all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authority granted by it.  He shall render to the Chief Executive Officer and the Board whenever they may require it an account of all his transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. He shall have such other powers and duties as may be delegated to him by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors.

11. The Assistant Treasurer shall, in case of the absence of the Treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer, and shall have such other powers and duties as may be delegated to them by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE IX

FORM OF CERTIFICATES; UNCERTIFICATED SHARES

Shares of the capital stock of the Corporation may be certificated or uncertificated, as provided under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. Each stockholder, upon written request to the transfer agent or registrar of the Corporation, shall be entitled to a certificate of the capital stock of the Corporation in such form as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors. Any such certificate shall be signed by the Chairman of the Board or the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary.

ARTICLE X

CHECKS

All checks, drafts and other orders for the payment of money and all promissory notes and other evidences of indebtedness of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person as may be designated by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authority granted by it.

ARTICLE XI

FISCAL YEAR

The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be as determined from time to time by resolution duly adopted by the Board of Directors.

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ARTICLE XII

NOTICES AND WAIVERS

1. Whenever by statute, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-laws it is provided that notice shall be given to any director, such provision shall not be construed to require personal notice, but such notice may be given in writing, by mail, by depositing the same in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to such director at his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be thus deposited.  Notice of regular or special meetings of the Board of Directors may also be given to any director by telephone or by electronic transmission, and in the latter event the notice shall be deemed to be given at the time such notice, addressed to such director at the address hereinabove provided, is transmitted by facsimile or electronic mail.

2. Whenever by statute, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-laws it is provided that notice shall be given to any stockholder, such provision shall not be construed to require personal notice, but such notice may be given in writing, by mail, by depositing the same in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to such stockholder at his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be thus deposited.

3. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these By-laws shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given. Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the Corporation. Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if (i) the Corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two (2) consecutive notices given by the Corporation in accordance with such consent and (ii) such inability becomes known to the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or to the transfer agent, or other person responsible for the giving of notice; provided, however, the inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action.

4. Notice given pursuant to Section 3 of this Article XII shall be deemed given: (i) if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (ii) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (iii) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (A) such posting and (B) the giving of such separate notice; and (iv) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder. An affidavit of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or of the transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation that the notice has been given by a form of electronic transmission shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.  For purposes of this Article XII, "electronic transmission" means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.

5. Whenever by statute, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-laws a notice is required to be given, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice.  Attendance of any stockholder or director at any meeting thereof shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting by such stockholder or director, as the case may be, except as otherwise provided by statute.

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ARTICLE XIII

INDEMNIFICATION

1. The Corporation shall indemnify to the maximum extent permitted by law any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful.  The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that such person’s conduct was unlawful.

2. The Corporation shall indemnify to the maximum extent permitted by law any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and except that no such indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery of Delaware or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which such Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

3. Expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an officer or director in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article XIII.  Such expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by former directors and officers may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Corporation deems appropriate.

4. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, the other Sections of this Article XIII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any Bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.

5. The Corporation may, but shall not be required to, purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of this Article XIII.

6. For the purposes of this Article XIII, references to “the Corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors or officers so that any person who is or was a director or officer of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article XIII with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as such person would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.

7. For purposes of this Article XIII, references to “other enterprises” shall include employee benefit plans; references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to “serving at the request of the Corporation” shall include service as a director or officer of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director or officer with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation” as referred to in this Article XIII.

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8. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article XIII shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

9. If this Article or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each director or officer to the fullest extent not prohibited by any applicable portion of this Article that shall not have been invalidated, or by any other applicable law. If this Article shall be invalid due to the application of the indemnification provisions of another jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall indemnify each director and officer to the fullest extent under any other applicable law.

10. The Corporation may indemnify every person who was or is a party or is or was threatened to be made a party to any action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he is or was an employee or agent of the corporation or, while an employee or agent of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the corporation as an employee or agent or trustee of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, against expenses (including counsel fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, to the extent permitted by Delaware law.

ARTICLE XIV

ALTERATION OF BY-LAWS

The By-laws of the Corporation may be altered, amended or repealed, and new By-laws may be adopted, by the stockholders or by the Board of Directors.

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