EX-99.1 2 d49493exv99w1.htm SLIDES FROM PRESENTATION exv99w1
 

Exhibit 99.1
()
Delaware City Refinery Tour
August 27, 2007

 


 

()
Agenda
Basics of Refining Desulfurization Hydrocracking
Delaware City Refinery Operations Gasification Overview Q&A Plant Tour Concluding Remarks 2

 


 

()
Crude Oil Characteristics
Crudes are classified and priced by density and sulfur content Crude density is commonly measured by API gravity
· API gravity provides a relative measure of crude oil density
· The higher the API number, the lighter the crude Light crudes are easier to process Heavy crudes are more difficult to process
Crude sulfur content is measured as a percentage
· Less than 0.7% sulfur content = sweet
· Greater than 0.7% sulfur content = sour
· High sulfur crudes require additional processing to meet regulatory specs
Acid content is measured by Total Acid Number (TAN)
· Acidic crudes highly corrosive to refinery equipment
· High acid crudes are those with TAN greater than 0.7 3

 


 

()
Crude Oil Basics
Crude Quality by Types Estimated Quality of Reserves (2006)
4.0% SOUR Cold Lake 3.5% Cerro Negro Maya WCS 3.0% CONTENT M-100 (resid) Arab Heavy Sweet
2.5% High Acid
Arab Medium 20%
(Sweet)
Dubai Light/Medium
SULFUR Napo 2%
2.0% Mars Sour Iran Heavy Arab Light Ameriven-Hamaca 2010 13% 1.5% 66% 2000 Urals Heavy
1990 Sour
1.0% Alaskan North Slope SWEET 1980
0.5% WTI
Brent
Tapis Cabinda Bonny Light 0.0%
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Source: Oil & Gas Journal, Company Information
HEAVY API GRAVITY LIGHT
Source: Industry reports
NOTE: Red line represents the average crude quality by decade (actual and projected)
Majority of global reserves are light/medium sour Most quoted benchmark prices are light sweet crudes
· WTI (West Texas Intermediate), Western Hemisphere
· Brent (North Sea Crude), Europe
Historical trend shows global crude supply becoming heavier and more sour 4

 


 

()
What’s in a Barrel of Crude Oil? Crude Types            Characteristics            Yields
2005 U.S.
3% > 34 API Gravity            Production Light Sweet Crude 30% < 0.7 % Sulfur (e.g. WTI, Brent, Saharan            Refinery 34% 7% Blend) 35% Demand            Gases Most Expensive 33% Gasoline RFG 50% Conventional 3% CARB 24 – 34 API Gravity Medium Sour Crude 21% Premium
> 0.7 % Sulfur
(e.g. Mars, Arab Light, 26% Arab Medium, Urals) 50% Demand
33% Distillate 50% Less Expensive            Jet Fuel Diesel Heating Oil < 24 API Gravity 1% 14% Heavy > 0.7 % Sulfur 22% 10%Fuel Oil & Heavy Sour Crude            Other (e.g. Maya, Cerro Negro, Cold 15% Demand
Lake, Western Canadian Select) 63% Source: EIA Refiner Production
Least Expensive
Refineries upgrade crude oil to higher value products 5

 


 

()
Basic Refining Concepts
Intermediates            Final Products < 90°F            Propane, Butane Refinery fuel gas and lighter Propane
· NGLs 90–220°F Straight Run More
Gasoline (low Gasoline (high octane) octane) processing
Crude oil
220–315°F            More Gasoline (high octane) Naphtha Distillationprocessing Jet fuel Tower (Crude Kerosene Unit) 315–450°F            More Jet fuel Kerosene processing Diesel Fuel oil More Gasoline (high octane) 450–650°F            Light Gas Oil Furnace Diesel processing Fuel oil More Gasoline (high octane) 650–800°F            Heavy Gas Oil Diesel Vacuum            processing Fuel oil Unit
· Gasoline (high octane) 800+°F Residual Fuel More Diesel Oil/Asphalt Fuel oil processing
Lube stocks 6

 


 

()
Hydroskimming/Topping Refinery
Crude Unit
Propane/Butane 4% Propane/ Butane Gasoline
Low Octane Gasoline Reformer High Octane Gasoline RFG Towerand Naphtha 30% Conventional CARB Hydrogen Premium Light            Distillation HS Kerosene/Jet Fuel Distillate
LS Kerosene/Jet Fuel
Sweet Desulfurizer 34% Distillate Crude            Jet Fuel Diesel
HS Diesel/Heating Oil LS Diesel/Heating Oil
Heating Oil Vacuum            Gas Oil Heavy
32% Fuel Oil & Unit Other
Heavy Fuel Oil
100% Total Yield
Simple, low upgrading capability refineries run sweet crude 7

 


 

()
Crude and Vacuum Towers
Reactor
Heater Crude Atmospheric Tower            Vacuum Tower            Reformer 8

 


 

()
Medium Conversion: Catalytic Cracking
Crude Unit Propane/ Propane/Butane 8%Butane Gasoline Reformer RFG Low Octane Gasoline            High Octane Gasoline 45% Conventional and Naphtha CARB Tower Premium Hydrogen Distillate
Light Distillation HS Kerosene/Jet Fuel LS Kerosene/Jet Fuel
Desulfurizer 27% Distillate Sour            Jet Fuel HS Diesel/Heating Oil            LS Diesel/Heating Oil Diesel Crude            Heating Oil
Light Cycle Oil
(LCO)
Alkylation
Unit Alkylate
Fluid Catalytic Vacuum Gas Oil
Cracker
Unit (FCC) FCC Gasoline
Heavy 24% Fuel Oil & Other
Heavy Fuel Oil
104% Total Yield
Moderate upgrading capability refineries tend to run more sour crudes while achieving increased higher value product yields and volume gain 9

 


 

()
High Conversion: Coking/Resid Destruction
Crude Hydrogen Plant Gas Unit Propane/ Propane/Butane 7%Butane Gasoline RFG TowerLow Octane Gasoline ReformerHigh Octane Gasoline 58% Conventional and Naphtha CARB Premium Medium/ Distillation Hydrogen Heavy Distillate 28% Distillate
HS Kerosene/Jet Fuel LS Kerosene/Jet Fuel
Sour Desulfurizer Jet Fuel Diesel Crude HS Diesel/Heating Oil            LS Diesel/Heating Oil Heating Oil
Hydrocracker Hydrocrackate Gasoline Light Gas Oil Ultra Low Sulfur Jet/Diesel LCO Alkylation
Unit Alky Gasoline
Fluid Catalytic
Medium Gas Oil Cracker (FCC)
Vacuum
FCC Gasoline
Unit Heavy 15% Fuel Oil & Delayed            Other
Heavy Fuel Oil            Coke
Coker
108% Total Yield
Complex refineries can run heavier and more sour crudes while achieving the highest light product yields and volume gain 10

 


 

()
FCC and Hydrocracker Reactors
Fluidized Catalytic Cracker
Reactor Hydrocracker Reactors
Main Column Regenerator 11

 


 

()
Cokers
Delayed Coker
Superstructure holds the drill and drill stem
Fluid Coker — Benicia while the coke is forming in the drum 12

 


 

()
Conversion Economics
U.S. Gulf Coast Refinery Margins
30 25 20 15
l / B b $ 10 S U
5 0 (5)
(10)
Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07
Arab Medium Hydroskimming            LLS Cracking            Maya Coking
Need conversion capacity to capitalize on sour crude discounts
· Hydroskim – Breakeven or moderate margins; High resid yield When margins are positive – increase crude runs When margins are negative – decrease crude runs
· Cracking – Better margins; Lower resid yield
· Coking – Best margins; Lowest resid yield Maximize heavy crudes 13

 


 

()
Desulfurization Basics
Objective
Remove sulfur from light products (gasoline or diesel) to meet air quality requirements for clean burning fuels
Desulfurization Unit
HC Desulfurized Light Products High Sulfur HC-S H2 HC-S
Light            HC-S H2 Products            H2 Elemental Catalyst (HC-S) Sulfur Plant            Sulfur
HC-S            HC-S Agricultural H2S            S            S Pharmaceutical H2HC-S            S S            S 2 H Hydrogen Unit H2 LEGEND LEGEND H            H2 2 HC : HC : Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon H2 1000 or less PSI; H2 : Hydrogen H2 H2 H2 : Hydrogen
700 F or less
SS :: Sulfur Sulfur 14

 


 

()
Hydrocracking Basics
Objective
Value added upgrading of high sulfur distillates to low sulfur gasoline and ultra low sulfur jet/diesel to meet air quality requirements for clean burning fuels
Hydrocracking Unit HC Desulfurized Hydrocrackate Gasoline High Sulfur HC-S H2 HC-S
HC-S H2
Distillate H2 H HC Desulfurized Ultra Low Sulfur Jet/Diesel
2 (HC-S) H2 Catalysts H2 Elemental H2 HC-S H2 HC-S            Sulfur PlantSulfur
H2 Agricultural H2 H2S            S            S S Pharmaceutical HC-S            S
2 S            S H Hydrogen Unit H2 LEGEND LEGEND H2 H2 HC : HC : Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon H2 1300+ PSI; H : Hydrogen H2 H2 H 2 : Hydrogen 725 to 780 F 2
SS :: Sulfur Sulfur 15

 


 

()
Andrew Kenner
Vice President and General Manager Delaware City Refinery 16

 


 

()
Valero Delaware City Refinery
Built by Tidewater Oil Company in 1957 Acquired by Valero in 2005 Since commissioning, Valero and previous owners have made significant modifications and environmental upgrades Total throughput of 191,000 bpd High conversion operation
· 60%+ gasoline yield
Staffed by more than 700 full-time employees Located on 5,000 acres, some of which is leased to local farmers, preserving our buffer zone Seeking OSHA VPP Star Status 17

 


 

()
Delaware City Products and Crude Slate
Typical Product Slate Typical Crude Slate
Product BPD % Crude S % / API BPD %
Gasoline 85,000 50 Arab Heavy 2.7 / 29 75,000 45 Distillates 65,000 38 M-100 2.7 / 16 45,000 26 Propane 7,500 4 Hamaca 1.6 / 26 35,000 20 Alkylate 5,000 3 Opportunity Crudes 15,000 9 6 Oils 4,500 3 Total 170,000 100 Benzene 1,500 1 Pet coke 1,900 1 Sulfur 300 < 1 Total 170,700 100
Provides approximately 70% of all gasoline sold in Delaware Flexible light-ends system Produces petrochemical grade Benzene for sales into local market. 18

 


 

()
Delaware City Capital Investments
$456 MM invested in capital improvements and $97 MM for turnaround maintenance at Delaware City since Valero’s acquisition
· Major plant turnaround completed in 4Q05 Fluid Coker Flue Gas Scrubber — $200 MM
Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit Flue Gas Scrubber — $200 MM
Cracked Naphtha Hydrotreating Unit expansion project commissioned in 4Q05 Sulfur Plant O2 enrichment and reliability projects — $25 MM
Took over operations of Gasifier/Power Plant and have improved on-stream reliability and throughput dramatically
Petcoke Destruction (TPD) 1,100 650 300 Motiva            Premcor            Valero 19

 


 

()
Gasification Overview
File: GASIF03.vsd by: MEL 5/15/98
Delaware City Plant Air Separation
Coke Gasification Repowering Project Plant Gas Turbine            Electric Power Oxygen Clean Syngas
To Refinery Coke Steam To Sulfur Fluxant Water Refinery Removal Boiler To Feed Utility Raw Syngas Exhaust Gas Water Syngas Cooler Gasifier
Heat Recovery Boiler Steam Generator Feed Water Slurry High Pressure Steam Slag Acid Gas
Electric To Power Utility
To Sulfur Sulfur Refinery
Recovery Unit
Existing Steam
Steam To Turbine Refinery 20

 


 

()
Appendix

 


 

()
Delaware City Refinery Flow Diagram 22

 


 

()
Map of Valero Refineries
Quebec, Canada 215,000 bpd capacity Benicia, California
· 170,000 bpd capacity
Paulsboro, New Jersey 195,000 bpd capacity Delaware City, Delaware Wilmington, California 210,000 bpd capacity
· 135,000 bpd capacity
McKee, Texas
· 170,000 bpd capacity
Memphis, Tennessee
· 195,000 bpd capacity Three Rivers, Texas
· 100,000 bpd capacity
Ardmore, Oklahoma
· 90,000 bpd capacity
Corpus Christi, Texas
Valero Marketing 340,000 bpd capacity Krotz Springs, Louisiana
Presence 85,000 bpd capacity St. Charles, Louisiana
· 250,000 bpd capacity
Houston, Texas
· 130,000 bpd capacity Port Arthur, Texas Texas City, Texas
· 245,000 bpd capacity 325,000 bpd capacity San Nicholas, Aruba
· 275,000 bpd capacity Capacity shown in terms of crude and feedstock throughput 23

 


 

()
Major Refining Processes – Crude Processing Definition
· Separating crude oil into different hydrocarbon groups
· The most common means is through distillation
Process
· Desalting – Prior to distillation, crude oil is often desalted to remove corrosive salts as well as metals and other suspended solids.
· Atmospheric Distillation – Used to separate the desalted crude into specific hydrocarbon groups (straight run gasoline, naphtha, light gas oil, etc.) or fractions.
· Vacuum Distillation – Heavy crude residue (“bottoms”) from the atmospheric column is further separated using a lower–pressure distillation process. Means to lower the boiling points of the fractions and permit separation at lower temperatures, without decomposition and excessive coke formation. 24

 


 

()
Major Refining Processes – Cracking
Definition
· “Cracking” or breaking down large, heavy hydrocarbon molecules into smaller hydrocarbon molecules thru application of heat (thermal) or through the use of catalysts
Process
· Coking – Thermal non–catalytic cracking process that converts low value oils to higher value gasoline, gas oils and marketable coke. Residual fuel oil from vacuum distillation column is typical feedstock.
· Visbreaking – Thermal non–catalytic process used to convert large hydrocarbon molecules in heavy feedstocks to lighter products such as fuel gas, gasoline, naphtha and gas oil. Produces sufficient middle distillates to reduce the viscosity of the heavy feed.
· Catalytic Cracking – A central process in refining where heavy gas oil range feeds are subjected to heat in the presence of catalyst and large molecules crack into smaller molecules in the gasoline and surrounding ranges.
· Catalytic Hydrocracking – Like cracking, used to produce blending stocks for gasoline and other fuels from heavy feedstocks. Introduction of hydrogen in addition to a catalyst allows the cracking reaction to proceed at lower temperatures than in catalytic cracking, although pressures are much higher. 25

 


 

()
Major Refining Processes – Combination
Definition
· Linking two or more hydrocarbon molecules together to form a large molecule (e.g. converting gases to liquids) or rearranging to improve the quality of the molecule
Process
· Alkylation – Important process to upgrade light olefins to high–value gasoline components. Used to combine small molecules into large molecules to produce a higher octane product for blending with gasoline.
· Catalytic Reforming – The process whereby naphthas are changed chemically to increase their octane numbers. Octane numbers are measures of whether a gasoline will knock in an engine. The higher the octane number, the more resistance to pre or self–ignition.
· Polymerization – Process that combines smaller molecules to produce high octane blending stock.
· Isomerization – Process used to produce compounds with high octane for blending into the gasoline pool. Also used to produce isobutene, an important feedstock for alkylation. 26

 


 

()
Major Refining Processes – Treating
Definition
· Processing of petroleum products to remove some of the sulfur, nitrogen, heavy metals, and other impurities
Process
· Catalytic Hydrotreating, Hydroprocessing, sulfur/metals removal – Used to remove impurities (e.g. sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and halides) from petroleum fractions. Hydrotreating further “upgrades” heavy feeds by converting olefins and diolefins to parafins, which reduces gum formation in fuels. Hydroprocessing also cracks heavier products to lighter, more saleable products. 27

 


 

()
List of Refining Acronyms
AGO – Atmospheric Gas Oil kVA – Kilovolt Amp ATB – Atmospheric Tower Bottoms LCO – Light Cycle Oil B–B – Butane–Butylene Fraction LGO – Light Gas Oil
BBLS – Barrels LPG – Liquefied Petroleum Gas BPD – Barrels Per Day LSD – Low Sulfur Diesel BTX – Benzene, Toluene, Xylene LSR – Light Straight Run (Gasoline) CARB – California Air Resource Board MON – Motor Octane Number CCR – Continuous Catalytic Regenerator MTBE – Methyl Tertiary–Butyl Ether DAO – De–Asphalted Oil MW – Megawatt DCS – Distributed Control Systems NGL – Natural Gas Liquids DHT – Diesel Hydrotreater NOX – Nitrogen Oxides DSU – Desulfurization Unit P–P – Propane–Propylene EPA – Environmental Protection Agency PSI – Pounds per Square Inch
ESP – Electrostatic Precipitator RBOB – Reformulated Blendstock for Oxygen Blending FCC – Fluid Catalytic Cracker RDS – Resid Desulfurization GDU – Gasoline Desulfurization Unit RFG – Reformulated Gasoline GHT – Gasoline Hydrotreater RON – Research Octane Number GOHT – Gas Oil Hydrotreater RVP – Reid Vapor Pressure GPM – Gallon Per Minute SMR – Steam Methane Reformer (Hydrogen Plant) HAGO – Heavy Atmospheric Gas Oil SOX – Sulfur Oxides HCU – Hydrocracker Unit SRU – Sulfur Recovery Unit HDS – Hydrodesulfurization TAME – Tertiary Amyl Methyl Ether HDT – Hydrotreating TAN – Total Acid Number HGO – Heavy Gas Oil ULSD – Ultra–low Sulfur Diesel HOC – Heavy Oil Cracker (FCC) VGO – Vacuum Gas Oil H2 – Hydrogen VOC – Volatile Organic Compound H2S – Hydrogen Sulfide VPP – Voluntary Protection Program HF – Hydroflouric (adic) VTB – Vacuum Tower Bottoms HVGO – Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil WTI – West Texas Intermediate kV – Kilovolt WWTP – Waste Water Treatment Plant 28

 


 

()
Safe Harbor Statement
Statements contained in this presentation that state the Company’s or management’s expectations or predictions of the future are forward–looking statements intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The words “believe,” “expect,” “should,” “estimates,” and other similar expressions identify forward–looking statements. It is important to note that actual results could differ materially from those projected in such forward– looking statements. For more information concerning factors that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed or forecasted, see Valero’s annual reports on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and available on Valero’s website at www.valero.com.